| # | ††††A dam is a large wall built to hold back water in order to prevent flooding | provide water for irrigation or storage | or to provide hydroelectric power.
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| 1 | The earliest known man-made dam was built by the Egyptians across the Garawi valley | around 3000 BC. It was 84m long | 110m wide and 12m high and was an embankment dam: a mound made of earth and stones. |
| 2 | A stone-filled dam (6m high) was built in Egypt in around the year 1300 BC. It was faced with blocks of basalt. Another dam | built by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon to link the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and to create a defensive moat | was built around 550 BC. It was filled with earth and lined with brick. |
| 3 | The highest dam in the world | the Rogun Dam | was built in 1979 in Tadzhikstan in Russia. It is 335m high.
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