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Download the file for the complete contents. 1 God creates heaven and earth; 3 the light; 6 the firmament; 9 separates the dry land; 14 forms the sun, moon, and stars; 20 fishes and fowls; 24 cattle, wild beasts, and creeping things; 26 creates man in his own image, blesses him; 29 grants the fruits of the earth for food. * beginning. # Pr 8:22-24 16:4 Mr 13:19 Joh 1:1-3 Heb 1:10 1Jo 1:1 * God. # Ex 20:11 31:17 1Ch 16:26 Ne 9:6 Job 26:13 38:4 Ps 8:3 33:6,9 # Ps 89:11,12 96:5 102:25 104:24,30 115:15 121:2 124:8 134:3 # Ps 136:5 146:6 148:4,5 Pr 3:19 8:22-30 Ec 12:1 Isa 37:16 40:26 # Isa 40:28 42:5 44:24 45:18 51:13,16 65:17 Jer 10:12 32:17 # Jer 51:15 Zec 12:1 Mt 11:25 Ac 4:24 14:15 17:24 Ro 1:19,20 # Ro 11:36 1Co 8:6 Eph 3:9 Col 1:16,17 Heb 1:2 3:4 11:3 2Pe 3:5 # Re 3:14 4:11 10:6 14:7 21:6 22:13 * without. # Job 26:7 Isa 45:18 Jer 4:23 Na 2:10 * Spirit. # Job 26:14 Ps 33:6 104:30 Isa 40:12-14 * God. # Ps 33:6,9 148:5 Mt 8:3 Joh 11:43 * Let. # Job 36:30 38:19 Ps 97:11 104:2 118:27 Isa 45:7 60:19 Joh 1:5,9 # Joh 3:19 2Co 4:6 Eph 5:8,14 1Ti 6:16 1Jo 1:5 2:8 * that. # 10,12,18,25,31 Ec 2:13 11:7 * the light from the darkness. Heb. between the light and between the darkness. * Day, and. # 8:22 Ps 19:2 74:16 104:20 Isa 45:7 Jer 33:20 1Co 3:13 Eph 5:13 # 1Th 5:5 * And the evening and the morning were. Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was. ver. # 8,13,19,23,31 * Let there. # 14,20 7:11,12 Job 26:7,8,13 37:11,18 38:22-26 Ps 19:1 33:6,9 104:2 # Ps 136:5,6 148:4 150:1 Ec 11:3 Jer 10:10,12,13 51:15 Zec 12:1 * firmament. Heb. expansion. * divided. # Pr 8:28,29 * above. # Job 26:8 Ps 104:10 148:4 Ec 11:3 * and it. # 9,11,15,24 Mt 8:27 * God. # 5,10 5:2 * evening. # 5,13,19,23,31 # Job 26:7,10 38:8-11 Ps 24:1,2 33:7 95:5 104:3,5-9 136:5,6 # Pr 8:28,29 Ec 1:7 Jer 5:22 Jon 1:9 2Pe 3:5 Re 10:6 * God saw. # 4 De 32:4 Ps 104:31 * Let the. # 2:5 Job 28:5 Ps 104:14-17 147:8 Mt 6:30 Heb 6:7 * grass. Heb. tender grass. fruit. # 29 2:9,16 Ps 1:3 Jer 17:8 Mt 3:10 7:16-20 Mr 4:28 Lu 6:43,44 # Jas 3:12 * earth. # Isa 61:11 Mr 4:28 * herb. # Isa 55:10,11 Mt 13:24-26 Lu 6:44 2Co 9:10 Ga 6:7 # 13 * Let there. # De 4:19 Job 25:3,5 38:12-14 Ps 8:3,4 19:1-6 74:16,17 104:19,20 # Ps 119:91 136:7-9 148:3,6 Isa 40:26 Jer 31:35 33:20,25 * lights. Or, rather, luminaries or light-bearers; being a different world from that rendered light, in ver 3. the day from the night. * between the day and between the night. and let. # 8:22 9:13 Job 3:9 38:31,32 Ps 81:3 Eze 32:7,8 46:1,6 # Joe 2:10,30,31 3:15 Am 5:8 8:9 Mt 2:2 16:2,3 24:29 Mr 13:24 # Lu 21:25,26 23:45 Ac 2:19,20 Re 6:12 8:12 9:2 # 15 * to rule. Heb. for the rule, etc. # De 4:19 Jos 10:12-14 Job 31:26 38:7 Ps 8:3 19:6 74:16 # Ps 136:7,8,9 148:3,5 Isa 13:10 24:23 45:7 Hab 3:11 Mt 24:29 # Mt 27:45 1Co 15:41 Re 16:8,9 21:23 * he made the stars also. Or, with the stars also. # 9:13 Job 38:12 Ps 8:1,3 Ac 13:47 # Ps 19:6 Jer 31:35 # 19 * Let the waters. # 22 2:19 8:17 Ps 104:24,25 148:10 Ac 17:25 * moving. or, creeping. # 1Ki 4:33 * life. Heb. a living soul. # 30 Ec 2:21 * fowl that may fly. Heb. let fowl fly. This marginal reading is more conformable to the original, and reconciles this passage with ch. 2:19. The word fowl, from the Saxon fleon, to fly, exactly corresponds to the original, which denotes every thing that flies, whether bird or insect. * open firmament. Heb. face of the firmament. # 7,14 * great. # 6:20 7:14 8:19 Job 7:12 26:5 Ps 104:24-26 Eze 32:2 Jon 1:17 # Jon 2:10 Mt 12:40 * brought. # 8:17 9:7 Ex 1:7 8:3 * God saw. # 18,25,31 # 28 8:17 9:1 30:27,30 35:11 Le 26:9 Job 40:15 42:12 Ps 107:31,38 # Ps 128:3 144:13,14 Pr 10:22 # 23 * Let. # 6:20 7:14 8:19 Job 38:39,40 39:1,5,9,19 40:15 Ps 50:9,10 # Ps 104:18,23 148:10 Cattle, denotes domestic animals living on vegetables;--Beasts of the earth, wild animals; especially such as live on flesh; and--Creeping things, reptiles; or all the different genera of serpents, worms, and such animals as have no feet. # 2:19,20 Job 12:8-10 26:13 * Let us. # 3:22 11:7 Job 35:10 Ps 100:3 149:2 Isa 64:8 Joh 5:17 14:23 # 1Jo 5:7 * man. In Hebrew, Adam; probably so called either from the red earth of which he was formed, or from the blush or flesh-tint of the human countenance: the name is intended to designate the species. * in our. # 5:1 9:6 Ec 7:29 Ac 17:26,28,29 1Co 11:7 2Co 3:18 4:4 Eph 4:24 # Col 1:15 3:10 Jas 3:9 * have dominion. # 9:2,3,4 Job 5:23 Ps 8:4-8 104:20-24 Ec 7:29 Jer 27:6 # Ac 17:20,28,29 1Co 11:7 2Co 3:18 Eph 4:24 Col 3:10 Heb 2:6-9 # Jas 3:7,9 * in the image. # Ps 139:14 Isa 43:7 Eph 2:10 4:24 Col 1:15 * See # 26 * male. # 2:21-25 5:2 Mal 2:15 Mt 19:4 Mr 10:6 1Co 11:8,9 # 22 8:17 9:1,7 17:16,20 22:17,18 24:60 26:3,4,24 33:5 49:25 # Le 26:9 1Ch 4:10 26:5 Job 42:12 Ps 107:38 127:1-5 128:3,4 # Isa 45:18 1Ti 4:3 * moveth. Heb. creepeth. # Ps 69:34 *marg: * I have. # Ps 24:1 115:16 Ho 2:8 Ac 17:24,25,28 1Ti 6:17 * bearing. Heb. seeding. to you. # 2:16 9:3 Job 36:31 Ps 104:14,15,27,28 111:5 136:25 145:15,16 # Ps 146:7 147:9 Isa 33:16 Mt 6:11,25,26 Ac 14:17 # 9:3 Job 38:39-41 39:4,8,30 40:15,20 Ps 104:14 145:15,16 147:9 * life. Heb. a living soul. * very good. # Job 38:7 Ps 19:1,2 104:24,31 La 3:38 1Ti 4:4 * and the. # 5,8,13,19,23 2:2 Ex 20:11 1 The first Sabbath. 4 Further particulars concerning the manner of creation. 8 The planting of the garden of Eden, and its situation; 15 man is placed in it; and the tree of knowledge only forbidden. 18 The animals are named by Adam. 21 The making of woman, and the institution of marriage. * Thus. # 4 1:1,10 Ex 20:11 31:17 2Ki 19:15 2Ch 2:12 Ne 9:6 Job 12:9 # Ps 89:11-13 104:2 136:5-8 146:6 Isa 42:5 45:18 48:13 55:9 # Isa 65:17 Jer 10:12,16 Zec 12:1 Ac 4:24 Heb 4:3 * host. # De 4:19 17:3 2Ki 21:3-5 Ps 33:6,9 Isa 34:4 40:26-28 45:12 # Jer 8:2 Lu 2:13 Ac 7:42 * And on. # 1:31 Ex 20:11 23:12 31:17 De 5:14 Isa 58:13 Joh 5:17 Heb 4:4 * seventh day God. The LXX. Syriac, and the Samaritan Text read the sixth day, which is probably the true reading; as [vav <02053>,] which stands for six, might easily be changed into [zayin,] which denotes seven. * rested. Or, rather, ceased, as the Hebrew word is not opposed to weariness, but to action; as the Divine Being can neither know fatigue, nor stand in need of rest. * blessed. # Ex 16:22-30 20:8-11 23:12 31:13-17 34:21 35:2,3 Le 23:3 25:2,3 # De 5:12-14 Ne 9:14 13:15-22 Pr 10:22 Isa 56:2-7 58:13,14 # Jer 17:21-27 Eze 20:12 Mr 2:27 Lu 23:56 Heb 4:4-10 * created and made. Heb. created to make. * the generations. # 1:4 5:1 10:1 11:10 25:12,19 36:1,9 Ex 6:16 Job 38:28 Ps 90:1,2 * Lord. # Ex 15:3 1Ki 18:39 2Ch 20:6 Ps 18:31 86:10 Isa 44:6 Re 1:4,8 # Re 11:17 16:5 * plant. # 1:12 Ps 104:14 * had not. # Job 5:10 38:26-28 Ps 65:9-11 135:7 Jer 14:22 Mt 5:45 Heb 6:7 * to till. # 3:23 4:2,12 * there went up a mist. or, a mist which went up. # 6 * formed man. # Ps 100:3 139:14,15 Isa 64:8 * of the dust. Heb. the dust of, etc. dust. # 3:19,23 Job 4:19 33:6 Ps 103:14 Ec 3:7,20 12:7 Isa 64:8 # Ro 9:20 1Co 15:47 2Co 4:7 5:1 * and breathed. # Job 27:3 33:4 Joh 20:22 Ac 17:25 * nostrils. # 7:22 Ec 3:21 Isa 2:22 * a living. # Nu 16:22 27:16 Pr 20:27 Zec 12:1 1Co 15:45 Heb 12:9 * a garden. # 13:10 Eze 28:13 31:8,9 Joe 2:3 * eastward. # 3:24 4:16 2Ki 19:12 Eze 27:23 31:16,18 * put the. # 15 * every. # Eze 31:8,9,16,18 * tree of life. # 3:22 Pr 3:18 11:30 Eze 47:12 Joh 6:48 Re 2:7 22:2,14 * tree of knowledge. # 17 3:3,22 De 6:25 Isa 44:25 47:10 1Co 8:1 * a river. # Ps 46:4 Re 22:1 * Eden. Eden denotes pleasure or delight; but was certainly the name of a place, and was, most probably, situated in Armenia, near the sources of the great rivers Euphrates, Tigris, Phasis, and Araxes. * Havilah. # 10:7,29 25:18 1Sa 15:7 Bdellium is a transparent aromatic gum. The onyx is a precious stone, so called from a Greek word signifying a man's nail, to the colour of which it nearly approaches. # Nu 11:7 * onyx. # Ex 28:20 39:13 Job 28:16 Eze 28:13 * Gihon. The Araxes, which runs into the Caspian sea. * Ethiopia. Heb. Cush. The country of the ancient Cussaei. # 10:6 Isa 11:11 * Hiddekel. # Da 10:4 * The Tigris. toward the east of. or, eastward to. # 10:11,22 25:18 * Euphrates. # 15:18 De 1:7 11:24 Re 9:14 * the man. or, Adam. # 2 Job 31:33 * put. # 8 Ps 128:2 Eph 4:28 * God. # 1Sa 15:22 * thou mayest freely eat. Heb. eating thou shalt eat. # 9 3:1,2 1Ti 4:4 6:17 * of the tree. # 9 3:1-3,11,17,19 * thou shalt surely die. Heb. dying thou shalt die. surely. ch. # 3:3,4,19 20:7 Nu 26:65 De 27:26 1Sa 14:39,44 20:31 22:16 # 1Ki 2:37,42 Jer 26:8 Eze 3:18-20 18:4,13,32 33:8,14 Ro 1:32 # Ro 5:12-21 6:16,23 7:10-13 8:2 1Co 15:22,56 Ga 3:10 Eph 2:1-6 # Eph 5:14 Col 2:13 1Ti 5:6 Jas 1:15 1Jo 5:16 Re 2:11 20:6,14 # Re 21:8 * good. # 1:31 3:12 Ru 3:1 Pr 18:22 Ec 4:9-12 1Co 7:36 * I will. # 3:12 1Co 11:7-12 1Ti 2:11-13 1Pe 3:7 * meet for him. Heb. as before him. * And out. # 1:20-25 * brought. # 22,23 1:26,28 6:20 9:2 Ps 8:4-8 * Adam. or, the man. # 15 * gave names to. Heb. called. but. # 18 # 15:12 1Sa 26:12 Job 4:13 33:15 Pr 19:15 Da 8:18 * made. Heb. builded. # Ps 127:1 1Ti 2:13 * brought. # 19 Pr 18:22 19:14 Heb 13:4 * bone. # 29:14 Jud 9:2 2Sa 5:1 19:13 Eph 5:30 * flesh. # 24 * Woman. Heb. Isha. # 1Co 11:8,9 * taken. # 1Co 11:8 * Man. Heb. Ish. * leave. # 24:58,59 31:14,15 Ps 45:10 * cleave. # Le 22:12,13 De 4:4 10:20 Jos 23:8 Ps 45:10 Pr 12:4 31:10 # Ac 11:23 * and they shall be one flesh. The LXX. Vulgate, Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan read, "they two;" as is also read in several of the Parallel Passages. # Mal 2:14-16 Mt 19:3-9 Mr 10:6-12 Ro 7:2 1Co 6:16,17 7:2-4,10 # 1Co 7:11 Eph 5:28-31 1Ti 5:14 1Pe 3:1-7 * naked. # 3:7,10,11 * ashamed. # Ex 32:25 Ps 25:3 31:17 Isa 44:9 47:3 54:4 Jer 6:15 17:13 # Eze 16:61 Joe 2:26 Mr 8:38 Lu 9:26 Ro 10:11 1 The serpent deceives Eve. 6 Both she and Adam transgress the divine command, and fall into sin and misery. 8 God arraigns them. 14 The serpent is cursed. 15 The promised seed. 16 The punishment of mankind. 21 Their first clothing. 22 Their expulsion from paradise. * Now. # 13-15 Isa 27:1 Mt 10:16 2Co 11:3,14 Re 12:9 20:2 * serpent. The Samaritan Copy, instead of nachash, 'a serpent,' reads cachash, 'a liar or deceiver,' read Joh. 8:44. * he said. # Nu 22:28,29 Ec 4:10 1Pe 3:7 * Yea, hath. Heb. Yea, because, etc. hath. # Mt 4:3,6,9 * serpent. # Ps 58:4 * But. # 2:16,17 * touch. # 20:6 Ex 19:12,13 1Ch 16:22 Job 1:11 2:5 19:21 1Co 7:1 2Co 6:17 # Col 2:21 * serpent. # Joh 8:44 * Ye. # 13 De 29:19 2Ki 1:4,6,16 8:10 Ps 10:11 2Co 2:11 11:3 1Ti 2:14 * God. # Ex 20:7 1Ki 22:6 Jer 14:13,14 28:2,3 Eze 13:2-6,22 2Co 11:3 # 2Co 11:13-15 * your. # 7,10 Mt 6:23 Ac 26:18 * as gods. # Ex 5:2 2Ch 32:15 Ps 12:4 Eze 28:2,9 29:3 Da 4:30 6:7 # Ac 12:22,23 2Co 4:4 2Th 2:4 Re 13:4,14 * knowing. # 22 2:17 * saw. # Jos 7:21 Jud 16:1,2 * pleasant. Heb. a desire. # Eze 24:16,21,25 * to the eyes. # 6:2 39:7 Jos 7:21 2Sa 11:2 Job 31:1 Mt 5:28 1Jo 2:16 * and did. # 1Ti 2:14 * and he did eat. # 12,17 Ho 6:7 *marg: # Ro 5:12-19 * And the. # 5 De 28:34 2Ki 6:20 Lu 16:23 * knew. # 10,11 2:25 * and they. # Job 9:29-31 Isa 28:20 59:6 * aprons. or, things to gird about. * And they. # 10 De 4:33 5:25 * cool of the day. Heb. wind. # Job 34:21,22 38:1 * hid. # Job 22:14 31:33 34:22 Ps 139:1-12 Pr 15:3 Jer 23:24 Am 9:2,3 # Jon 1:3,9,10 Ro 2:15 Heb 4:13 # 4:9 11:5 16:8 18:20,21 Jos 7:17-19 Re 20:12,13 * and I was. # 2:25 Ex 3:6 Job 23:15 Ps 119:120 Isa 33:14 57:11 1Jo 3:20 * because. # 7 2:25 Ex 32:25 Isa 47:3 Re 3:17,18 16:15 # 4:10 Ps 50:21 Ro 3:20 # 2:18,20,22 Ex 32:21-24 1Sa 15:20-24 Job 31:33 Pr 19:3 28:13 # Lu 10:29 Ro 10:3 Jas 1:13-15 * What. # 4:10-12 44:15 1Sa 13:11 2Sa 3:24 12:9-12 Joh 18:35 * The serpent. # 4-6 2Co 11:3 1Ti 2:14 * thou art. # 1 9:6 Ex 21:28-32 Le 20:25 * dust. # Ps 72:9 Isa 29:4 65:25 Mic 7:17 * enmity. # Nu 21:6,7 Am 9:3 Mr 16:18 Lu 10:19 Ac 28:3-6 Ro 3:13 * thy seed. # Mt 3:7 12:34 13:38 23:33 Joh 8:44 Ac 13:10 1Jo 3:8,10 * her seed. # Ps 132:11 Isa 7:14 Jer 31:22 Mic 5:3 Mt 1:23,25 Lu 1:31-35,76 # Ga 4:4 * it shall. # Ro 16:20 Eph 4:8 Col 2:15 Heb 2:14,15 1Jo 3:8 5:5 Re 12:7,8,17 # Re 20:1-3,10 * thou. # 49:17 Isa 53:3,4,12 Da 9:26 Mt 4:1-10 Lu 22:39-44,53 # Joh 12:31-33 14:30,31 Heb 2:18 5:7 Re 2:10 12:9-13 13:7 15:1-6 # Re 20:7,8 * in sorrow. # 35:16-18 1Sa 4:19-21 Ps 48:6 Isa 13:8 21:3 26:17,18 53:11 # Jer 4:31 6:24 13:21 22:23 49:24 Mic 4:9,10 Joh 16:21 1Th 5:3 # 1Ti 2:15 * thy desire. # 4:7 * to. or, subject to. rule. # Nu 30:7,8,13 Es 1:20 1Co 7:4 11:3 14:34 Eph 5:22-24 Col 3:18 # 1Ti 2:11,12 Tit 2:5 1Pe 3:1-6 * Because. # 1Sa 15:23,24 Mt 22:12 25:26,27,45 Lu 19:22 Ro 3:19 * and hast. # 6,11 2:16,17 Jer 7:23,24 * cursed. # 5:29 Ps 127:2 Ec 1:2,3,13,14 2:11,17 Isa 24:5,6 Ro 8:20-22 * in sorrow. # Job 5:6,7 14:1 21:17 Ps 90:7-9 Ec 2:22,23 5:17 Joh 16:33 * Thorns. # Jos 23:13 Job 5:5 31:40 Pr 22:5 24:31 Isa 5:6 7:23 32:13 # Jer 4:3 12:13 Mt 13:7 Heb 6:8 * bring forth. Heb. cause to bud. herb. # Job 1:21 Ps 90:3 104:2,14,15 Ro 14:2 * In. # Ec 1:3,13 Eph 4:28 1Th 2:9 2Th 3:10 * till. # Job 1:21 Ps 90:3 104:29 Ec 5:15 * for dust. # 2:7 18:27 * and. # 23:4 Job 17:13-16 19:26 21:26 34:15 Ps 22:15,29 104:29 # Pr 21:16 Ec 3:20 12:7 Da 12:2 Ro 5:12-21 1Co 15:21,22 * Adam. # 2:20,23 5:29 16:11 29:32-35 35:18 Ex 2:10 1Sa 1:20 Mt 1:21,23 * Eve. Heb. Chavah; that is, living. of. # Ac 17:26 * make. # 7 Isa 61:10 Ro 3:22 2Co 5:2,3,21 * as one. # 5 1:26 11:6,7 Isa 19:12,13 47:12,13 Jer 22:23 * tree. # 2:9 Pr 3:18 Re 2:7 22:2 * eat. # Ps 22:26 Joh 6:48-58 * till. # 19 2:5 4:2,12 9:20 Ec 5:9 * east. # 2:8 * Cherubims. # Ex 25:2,20,22 1Sa 4:4 1Ki 6:25-35 Ps 80:1 99:1 104:4 # Eze 10:2 *etc: # Heb 1:7 * a flaming. # Nu 22:23 Jos 5:13 1Ch 21:16,17 Heb 1:7 * to keep. # Joh 14:6 Heb 10:18-22 1 The birth, occupation, and offering of Cain and Abel. 8 Cain murders his brother Abel. 11 The curse of Cain. 17 Has a son called Enoch, and builds a city, which he calls after his name. 18 His descendants, with Lamech and his two wives. 25 The birth of Seth, 26 and Enos. * knew. # Nu 31:17 * Cain. That is, gotten or acquired. * I have. # 25 3:15 5:29 1Jo 3:12 * Abel. Heb. Hebel. And Abel. # 30:29-31 37:13 46:32-34 47:3 Ex 3:1 Ps 78:70-72 Am 7:15 * a keeper. Heb. a feeder. # 25,26 Ps 127:3 Joh 8:44 1Jo 3:10,12,15 * tiller. # 3:23 9:20 * A.M. 129. B.C. 3875. in process of time. Heb. at the end of days. Either at the end of the year, or of the week, i.e., on the Sabbath. # 1Ki 17:7 Ne 13:6 * the fruit. # Le 2:1-11 Nu 18:12 * the firstlings. # Ex 13:12 Nu 18:12,17 Pr 3:9 Heb 9:22 1Pe 1:19,20 Re 13:8 * flock. Heb. sheep, or, goats. fat. # Le 3:16,17 * had. # 15:17 Le 9:24 Nu 16:35 Jud 6:21 1Ki 18:24,38 1Ch 21:26 # 2Ch 7:1 Ps 20:3 *marg: # Heb 11:4 * But. # Nu 16:15 Heb 11:4 * wroth. # 31:2,5 Job 5:2 Ps 20:3 Isa 3:10,11 Mt 20:15 Lu 15:28-30 # Ac 13:45 # 1Ch 13:11-13 Job 5:2 Isa 1:18 Jer 2:5,31 Joh 4:1-4,8-11 # Mic 6:3-5 Mt 20:15 Lu 15:31,32 * If thou doest well. # 19:21 2Sa 24:23 2Ki 8:28 Job 42:8 Pr 18:5 Ec 8:12,13 # Isa 3:10,11 Jer 6:20 Mal 1:8,10,13 Ac 10:35 Ro 2:7-10 12:1 # Ro 14:18 15:16 Eph 1:6 1Ti 5:4 1Pe 2:5 * be accepted. or, have the excellency. # Job 29:4 Pr 21:27 Heb 11:4 * sin. # 8-13 Ro 7:8,9 Jas 1:15 * unto thee, or, subject unto thee. # 3:16 *marg: * talked. # 2Sa 3:27 13:26-28 20:9,10 Ne 6:2 Ps 36:3 55:21 Pr 26:24-26 # Mic 7:6 Lu 22:48 * Cain rose. # 2Sa 14:6 Job 11:15 Ps 24:3-6 139:19 Mt 23:35 Lu 11:51 # 1Jo 3:12-15 Jude 1:11 * Where is. # 3:9-11 Ps 9:12 * I know. # 37:32 Job 22:13,14 Ps 10:13,14 Pr 28:13 Joh 8:44 Ac 5:4-9 * What. # 3:13 Jos 7:19 Ps 50:21 * blood. Heb. bloods. crieth. # 18:20 Ex 3:7 2Ki 9:26 Job 16:18 24:12 31:38,39 Ps 9:12 72:14 # Isa 5:7 Ac 5:3,9 Heb 11:4 12:24 Jas 5:4 Re 6:10 # 14 3:14 De 27:16-26 28:15-20 29:19-21 Ga 3:10 * opened. # Job 16:18 31:38-40 Isa 26:21 Re 12:16 * it. # 3:17,18 Le 26:20 De 28:23,24 Ro 8:20 * a fugitive. # 14 Le 26:36 De 28:65,66 Ps 109:10 Jer 20:3,4 Ho 9:17 My punishment is greater than I can bear. or, Mine iniquity is greater than that it may be forgiven. # Job 15:22 Re 16:9,11,21 * driven. # Job 15:20-24 Pr 14:32 28:1 Isa 8:22 Ho 13:3 * from thy. # 16 Job 21:14,15 Ps 51:11-14 143:7 Mt 25:41,46 2Th 1:9 * fugitive. # De 28:65 Ps 109:10 * See # 12 * that. # 15 9:5,6 Le 26:17,36 Nu 17:12,13 35:19,21,27 2Sa 14:7 # Job 15:20-24 Pr 28:1 * Therefore. # 1Ki 16:7 Ps 59:11 Ho 1:4 Mt 26:52 * sevenfold. # 24 Le 26:18,21,24,28 Ps 79:12 Pr 6:31 * set a mark, etc. Or, rather, 'gave a sign or token to Cain, that those who found him should not kill him.' # Eze 9:4,6 Re 14:9,11 * went. # 14 3:8 Ex 20:18 2Ki 13:23 24:20 Job 1:12 2:7 20:17 Ps 5:11 68:2 # Jer 23:39 52:3 Joh 1:3,10 Mt 18:20 Lu 13:26 1Th 1:9 * Nod. So called from nad, 'a vagabond,' which Cain is termed in ver. 12. * Enoch. # 5:18,22 * and he. # 11:4 Ec 2:4-11 Da 4:30 Lu 17:28,29 * the name. # 2Sa 18:18 Ps 49:11 * A.M. cir. 194. B.C. cir. 3810. Lamech. # 5:21 36:2 * two wives. # 2:18,24 Mt 19:4-6,8 * the. # 21 1Ch 2:50-52 4:4,5 Joh 8:44 Ro 4:11,12 * father. The inventor or teacher, 1 Sa 10:12. * dwell. # 2 25:27 Jer 35:9,10 Heb 11:9 * A.M. cir. 500. B.C. cir. 3504. father. # Ro 4:11,12 * the harp. # 31:27 Job 21:12 Isa 5:12 Am 6:5 * instructer. Heb. whetter. brass. # Ex 25:3 Nu 31:22 De 8:9 33:25 2Ch 2:7 * hear. # Nu 23:18 Jud 9:7 I have slain a man to my wounding. or, I would slay a man in my wound, etc. # 49:6 * to my hurt. or, in my hurt. * if. # 15 * seventy. # Mt 18:22 * A.M. 130. B.C. 3874. and called. # 5:3,4 1Ch 1:1 Lu 3:38 * Seth. Heb. Sheth; i.e., appointed, or put. God. # 1-3,8,10,11 * A.M. 235. B.C. 3769. To him. # 6-8 * Enos. Heb. Enosh. to call upon the name of the Lord. or, call themselves by the name of the Lord. # De 26:17,18 1Ki 18:24 Ps 116:17 Isa 44:5 48:1 63:19 Jer 33:16 # Joe 2:32 Zep 3:9 Ac 2:21 11:26 Ro 10:13 1Co 1:2 Eph 3:14,15 1 Recapitulation of the creation of man. 3 The genealogy, age, and death of the patriarchs from Adam to Noah. 22 The godliness and translation of Enoch. 25 The birth of Noah, etc. * book. The original word rendered 'book,' signifies a register, account, history, or any kind of writing. # 2:4 6:9 10:1 1Ch 1:1 Mt 1:1 Lu 3:36-38 * in the likeness. # 1:26,27 Ec 7:29 12:1 1Co 11:7 2Co 3:18 Eph 4:24 Col 3:10 # Heb 1:3 12:9 * Male. # 1:27 Mal 2:15 * their. # 2:15,23 *marg: # Ac 17:26 * A.M. 130. B.C. 3874. hundred. The chronology differs in the Hebrew Text, the Samaritan, the LXX., and Josephus. The LXX. adds 100 years to each of the patriarchs Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahalaleel, and Enoch, before the birth of their sons; while they take 20 from the age of Methuselah, and add 6 to that of Lamech. Thus the space from the creation to the deluge is made 2,242 years, according to the Vatican copy, but 2,262 by the Alexandrine; and the sum total by Josephus is 2,265, by the Samaritan 1,307, and the Hebrew Text, 1,656. The sum total from the Deluge to the 70th year of Terah, according to these authorities, is, Heb. 292; Sam. 942; Sept. Vat. 1,172; Alex. 1,072, and Josephus 1,002. * in his. # Job 14:4 15:14-16 25:4 Ps 14:2,3 51:5 Lu 1:35 Joh 3:6 Ro 5:12 # 1Co 15:39 Eph 2:3 * called. # 4:25 * And the. # 1Ch 1:1-3 Lu 3:36-38 * and he. # 7,10,13,19,22,26,30 1:28 9:1,7 11:12 Ps 127:3 144:12 * A.M. 930. B.C. 3074. nine. # 8,11,14,17 *etc: # De 30:20 Ps 90:10 * and he died. # 8,11,14 *etc: # 3:19 2Sa 14:14 Job 30:23 Ps 49:7-10 89:48 Ec 9:5,8 12:5,7 # Eze 18:4 Ro 5:12-14 1Co 15:21,22 Heb 9:27 * A.M. 235. B.C. 3769. begat. # 4:26 # 7 * A.M. 1042. B.C. 2962. # 8 * A.M. 325. B.C. 3679. Cainan. Heb. Kenan. # 1Ch 1:2 Lu 3:37 * begat. See # 4 * A.M. 1140. B.C. 2864. died. See # 5 * A.M. 395. B.C. 3609. Mahalaleel. Gr. Maleleel. # Lu 3:37 * and begat. See # 4 * A.M. 1235. B.C. 2769. See # 5 * A.M. 460. B.C. 3544. Jared. Heb. Jered. # 1Ch 1:2 * and begat. See # 4 * A.M. 1290. B.C. 2714. died. See # 5 * A.M. 622. B.C. 3382. Enoch. # 4:17 1Ch 1:3 * Henoch. # Lu 3:37 Jude 1:14,15 * and begat. See # 4 * he died. See # 5 * A.M. 687. B.C. 3317. Methuselah. Gr. Mathusala. # Lu 3:37 # 6:9 17:1 24:40 48:15 Ex 16:4 Le 26:12 De 5:33 13:4 28:9 # 1Ki 2:4 2Ki 20:3 Ps 16:8 26:11 56:13 86:11 116:9 128:1 So 1:4 # Ho 14:9 Am 3:3 Mic 4:5 6:8 Mal 2:6 Lu 1:6 Ac 9:31 Ro 8:1 # 1Co 7:17 2Co 6:16 Eph 5:15 Col 1:10 4:5 1Th 2:12 4:1 # Heb 11:5,6 1Jo 1:7 * A.M. 987. B.C. 3017. # 23 * walked. See # 21 * he was not. The same expression occurs, # 37:30 42:36 Jer 31:15 Mt 2:18 * for. # 2Ki 2:11 Lu 23:43 Heb 11:5,6 1Jo 1:7 * A.M. 874. B.C. 3130. # 4:18 *marg: * begat sons. See # 4 * A.M. 1656. B.C. 2348. he died. See # 5 * A.M. 1056. B.C. 2948. # 28 * he called. # 6:8,9 7:23 9:24 Isa 54:9 Eze 14:14,20 Mt 24:37 Lu 3:36 # Lu 17:26,27 Heb 11:7 1Pe 3:20 2Pe 2:5 * Noah. Gr. Noe, i.e., rest or comfort. because. # 3:17-19 4:11,12 * begat sons. See # 4 * A.M. 1651. B.C. 2353. he died. See # 5 * A.M. 1556. B.C. 2448. Shem. # 6:10 7:13 9:18,19,22-27 10:1,21,32 1Ch 1:4-28 Lu 3:36 1 The wickedness of the world, which provoked God's wrath, and caused the flood. 8 Noah finds grace. 9 His generations, etc. 14 The order, form, dimensions, and end of the ark. * A.M. 1556. B.C. 2448. to multiply. # 1:28 * the sons. # 4:26 Ex 4:22,23 De 14:1 Ps 82:6,7 Isa 63:16 Mal 2:11 Joh 8:41 # Joh 8:42 Ro 9:7,8 2Co 6:18 * saw. # 2Pe 2:14 * that they. # 3:6 39:6,7 2Sa 11:2 Job 31:1 1Jo 2:16 * and they. # 24:3 27:46 Ex 34:16 De 7:3,4 Jos 23:12,13 Ezr 9:1,2,12 # Ne 13:24-27 Mal 2:15 1Co 7:39 2Co 6:14-16 * My. # Nu 11:17 Ne 9:30 Isa 5:4 63:10 Jer 11:7,11 Ac 7:51 Ga 5:16,17 # 1Th 5:19 1Pe 3:18-20 Jude 1:14,15 * is. # Ps 78:39 Joh 3:6 Ro 8:1-13 Ga 5:16-24 1Pe 3:20 * giants. # Nu 13:33 De 2:20,21 3:11 1Sa 17:4 2Sa 21:15-22 * after. # 3 * men of. # 11:4 Nu 16:2 * God. # 13:13 18:20,21 Ps 14:1-4 53:2 Ro 1:28-31 3:9-19 * every imagination. or, the whole imagination. The Hebrew word signifies not only the imagination, but also the purposes and desires. # 8:21 De 29:19 Job 15:16 Pr 6:18 Ec 7:29 9:3 Jer 17:9 # Eze 8:9,12 Mt 15:19 Mr 7:21-23 Eph 2:1-3 Tit 3:3 * thoughts. # Jer 4:14 * continually. Heb. every day. * repented. # Ex 32:14 Nu 23:19 De 32:36 1Sa 15:11,29 2Sa 24:16 1Ch 21:15 # Ps 106:45 110:4 Jer 18:8-10 26:19 Ho 11:8 Jon 3:10 Mal 3:6 # Ro 11:29 Heb 6:17,18 Jas 1:17 * grieved. # De 5:29 32:29 Ps 78:40 81:13 95:10 119:158 Isa 48:18 63:10 # Eze 33:11 Lu 19:41,42 Eph 4:30 Heb 3:10,17 * I will. # Ps 24:1,2 37:20 Pr 10:27 16:4 * both man, and beast. Heb. from man unto beast. # Jer 4:22-27 12:3,4 Ho 4:3 Zep 1:3 Ro 3:20-22 # 19:19 Ex 33:12-17 Ps 84:11 145:20 Pr 3:4 8:35 12:2 Jer 31:2 # Lu 1:30 Ac 7:46 Ro 4:4 11:6 1Co 15:10 Ga 1:15 2Ti 1:18 # Tit 2:11 3:7 Heb 4:16 2Pe 2:5 * These. # 2:4 5:1 10:1 * just. # 7:1 Job 12:4 Pr 4:18 Ec 7:20 Eze 14:14,20 Hab 2:4 Lu 2:25 # Lu 23:50 Ac 10:22 Ro 1:17 Ga 3:11 Heb 11:7 2Pe 2:5 * perfect. or, upright. # 2Ch 15:17 25:2 Job 1:1,8 Ps 37:37 Lu 1:6 Php 3:9-15 * and Noah. See on ch. # 5:22,24 17:1 48:15 1Ki 3:6 Lu 1:6 1Pe 2:5 * A.M. 1556. B.C. 2448. Shem. # 5:32 * before. # 7:1 10:9 13:13 2Ch 34:27 Lu 1:6 Ro 2:13 3:19 * filled. # Ps 11:5 55:9 140:11 Isa 60:18 Jer 6:7 Eze 8:17 28:16 Ho 4:1,2 # Hab 1:2 2:8,17 * God. # 8 18:21 Job 33:27 Ps 14:2 33:13,14 53:2,3 Pr 15:3 * for all. # 4,5 7:1,21 9:12,16,17 Job 22:15-17 Lu 3:6 1Pe 3:19,20 2Pe 2:5 * The end. # Jer 51:13 Eze 7:2-6 Am 8:2 1Pe 4:7 * filled. # 4,11,12 49:5 Ho 4:1,2 * and behold. # 17 * with. or, from. # 7:23 * the earth. # Jer 4:23-28 Heb 11:7 2Pe 3:6,7,10-12 * A.M. 1536. B.C. 2468. Make. # Mt 24:38 Lu 17:27 1Pe 3:20 * rooms. Heb. nests. shalt pitch. # Ex 2:3 * cubits. # 7:20 De 3:11 * window. # 8:6 2Sa 6:16 2Ki 9:30 * the door. # 7:16 Lu 13:25 * with. # Eze 41:16 42:3 * behold. # 13 7:4,21-23 9:9 Ex 14:17 Le 26:28 De 32:39 Ps 29:10 Isa 51:12 # Eze 5:8 6:3 34:11,20 Ho 5:14 2Pe 2:5 * bring. # 7:4,17,21-23 Job 22:16 Ps 29:10 93:3,4 107:34 Isa 54:9 Am 9:6 # Mt 24:39 Lu 17:27 Heb 11:7 1Pe 3:20 * is the. # 2:7 7:15 * shall die. # 7 Ps 107:34 Ro 5:12-14,21 6:23 8:20-22 * establish. # 9:9,11 17:4,7,21 * come. # 7:1,7,13 Isa 26:20 Heb 11:7 1Pe 3:20 2Pe 2:5 * The cubit being nearly 22 inches, and the ark being 300 cubits in length, 50 in breadth, and 30 in height, (ver. 15,) its size was equal to 547 feet long, 91 feet broad, and 54 feet high; and it is computed to had been 81,062 tons burthen. These dimensions were sufficient to contain all the persons and animals in it, and food for more than a year. * two. # 7:2,3,8,9,15,16 8:17 Ps 36:6 * fowls. # 1:20-24 Ac 10:11,12 * two. # 1:28 2:19 7:8-16 Joh 5:40 # 1:29,30 Job 38:41 40:20 Ps 35:6 104:27,28 136:25 145:16 147:9 # Mt 6:26 # 7:5,9,16 17:23 Ex 40:16,19,21,23,25,27,32 De 12:32 Mt 7:24-27 # Joh 2:5 15:14 Heb 11:7,8 1Jo 5:3,4 1 Noah, with his family, and the living creatures, enter the ark, and the flood begins. 17 The increase and continuance of the flood for forty days. 21 All flesh is destroyed by it. 24 Its duration. * A.M. 1656. B.C. 2348. Come. # 7,13 Job 5:19-24 Ps 91:1-10 Pr 14:26 18:10 Isa 26:20,21 # Eze 9:4-6 Zep 2:3 Mt 24:37-39 Lu 17:26 Ac 2:39 Heb 11:7 # 1Pe 3:20 2Pe 2:5 * thee. See on ch. # 6:9 Ps 33:18,19 Pr 10:6,7,9 11:4-8 Isa 3:10,11 Php 2:15,16 # 2Pe 2:5-9 * every clean. # 8 6:19-21 8:20 Le 11:1-47 De 14:1-21 Ac 10:11-15 * sevens. Heb. seven, seven. not. # Le 10:10 Eze 44:23 # 3 * For. # 10 2:5 6:3 8:10,12 29:27,28 Job 28:25 36:27-32 37:11,12 Am 4:7 * forty days. # 12,17 * and every. # 21-23 6:17 * destroy. Heb. blot out. # 21,23 6:7,13,17 Ex 32:32,33 Job 22:16 Ps 69:28 Re 3:5 * all that. # 6:22 Ex 39:32,42,43 40:16 Ps 119:6 Mt 3:15 Lu 8:21 Joh 2:5 # Joh 8:28,29 13:17 Php 2:8 Heb 5:8 # 5:32 8:13 # 1,13-15 6:18 Pr 22:3 Mt 24:38 Lu 17:27 Heb 6:18 11:7 1Pe 3:20 2Pe 2:5 # 8 # 16 2:19 Isa 11:6-9 65:25 Jer 8:7 Ac 10:11,12 Ga 3:28 Col 3:11 * after seven days. or, on the seventh day. # 4 * waters. # 4,17-20 6:17 Job 22:16 Mt 24:38,39 Lu 17:27 * second month. The first month was Tisri, which answers to the latter end of September and first half of October; the second was Marchesvan, which answers to part of October and part of November. * all. # 1:7 6:17 8:2 Job 28:4 38:8-11 Ps 33:7 74:15 Pr 8:28,29 # Isa 24:19 Jer 5:22 51:16 Eze 26:19 Am 9:5,6 Mt 24:38 1Th 5:3 * windows. or, flood-gates. # 1:7 8:2 2Ki 7:2,19 Ps 78:23,24 Mal 3:10 * forty. # 4,17 Ex 24:18 De 9:9,18 10:10 1Ki 19:8 Mt 4:2 * day. # 1,7-9 6:18 Heb 11:7 1Pe 3:20 2Pe 2:5 * and Shem. # 5:32 6:10 9:18,19 10:1,2,6,21 1Ch 1:4-28 * They. # 2,3,8,9 * sort. Heb. wing. # 6:20 Isa 11:6 * as. # 2,3 * the. # 2Ki 4:4,5 De 33:27 Ps 46:2 91:1-10 Pr 3:23 Mt 25:10 Lu 13:25 # Joh 10:27-30 1Pe 1:5 # 4,12 * waters prevailed. # Ex 14:28 Job 22:16 Ps 69:15 * ark. # Ps 104:26 * and all the high hills. At the present day every mountain where search has been made, conspire in one uniform, universal proof that they all had the sea spread over their highest summits; shells, skeletons of fish, etc., having been found there. # Job 12:15 Ps 46:2,3 104:6-9 Jer 3:23 2Pe 3:6 * and the mountains. # Ps 104:6 Jer 3:23 # 4 6:6,7,13,17 Job 22:15-17 Isa 24:6,19 Jer 4:22-27 12:3,4 Ho 4:3 # Joe 1:17-20 2:3 Zep 1:3 Mt 24:39 Lu 17:27 Ro 8:20,22 2Pe 2:5 * breath of life. Heb. breath of the spirit of life. # 2:7 6:17 * every living substance. The most incontestable evidence has been afforded of the universality of this fact: the moose deer, a native of America, has been found buried in Ireland; elephants, native of Asia and Africa, in the midst of England; crocodiles, natives of the Nile, in the heart of Germany; and shell fish, never known in any but the American seas, with the entire skeletons of whales, in the most inland counties of England. # 21,22 Job 22:15-17 Isa 24:1-8 Mt 24:37-39 Lu 17:26,27 1Pe 3:20 # 2Pe 2:5 * and Noah. # Ex 14:28-30 Job 5:19 Ps 91:1,9,10 Pr 11:4 Eze 14:14-20 # Mal 3:17,18 Mt 25:46 Heb 11:7 1Pe 3:20 2Pe 2:5,9 3:6 # 8:3,4 * compare with ver. 11 of this chapter. The breaking up of the fountains of the great deep, and the raining forty days and nights, had raised the waters fifteen cubits, or twenty-two feet and a half, above the highest mountain; after which forty days, it appears to have continued at this height one hundred and fifty days more. 1 God remembers Noah, and assuages the waters. 4 The ark rests on Ararat. 6 Noah sends forth a raven and then a dove. 13 Noah, being commanded, goes forth from the ark. 20 He builds an altar, and offers sacrifice, which God accepts, and promises to curse the earth no more. * God remembered. # 19:29 30:22 Ex 2:24 1Sa 1:19 Ne 13:14,22,29,31 Job 14:13 # Ps 106:4 132:1 136:23 137:7 Am 8:7 Hab 3:2 Re 16:19 18:5 * the cattle. # Nu 22:32 Ps 36:6 Jon 4:11 Ro 8:20-22 * a wind. # Ex 14:21 Ps 104:7-9 Pr 25:23 * fountains. # 7:11 Pr 8:28 Jon 2:3 * the rain. # Job 37:11-13 38:37 Mt 8:9,26,27 * continually. Heb. in going and returning. hundred. # 7:11,24 * the ark. # 7:17-19 * seventh month. That is, of the year, not of the deluge. * Ararat. Ararat is generally understood to be Armenia, as it is rendered elsewhere, in which there is a great chain of mountains, like the Alps or the Pyrenees, upon the highest part of which, called by some, 'The Finger Mountain,' the ark is supposed to have rested. # 2Ki 19:37 Isa 37:38 Jer 51:27 * decreased continually. Heb. were in going and decreasing. the tenth. ch. # 7:11 * opened the window. # 6:16 Da 6:10 * a raven. # Le 11:15 1Ki 17:4,6 Job 38:41 Ps 147:9 * went forth to and fro. Heb. in going forth and returning. * a dove. # 10-12 So 1:15 2:11,12,14 Mt 10:16 * found. # De 28:65 Eze 7:16 Mt 11:28 Joh 16:33 * and she. # Ps 116:7 Isa 60:8 * pulled her. Heb. caused her to come. * stayed. # Ps 40:1 Isa 8:17 26:8 Ro 8:25 * seven. # 12 7:4,10 * an olive. # Ne 8:15 Zec 4:12-14 Ro 10:15 * And he. # Ps 27:14 130:5,6 Isa 8:17 25:9 26:8 30:18 Hab 2:3 Jas 5:7,8 * seven. # 10 2:2,3 * A.M. 1657. B.C. 2347. six. # 7:11 # 7:11,13,14 From this, it appears, that Noah was in the ark a complete solar year, or 365 days; for he entered it on the 17th day of the 2nd month, in the 600th year of his life, and continued in it till the 27th day of the 2nd month, in the 601st year of his life, as we see above. # 15 # 7:1,7,13 Jos 3:17 4:10,16-18 Ps 91:11 121:8 Da 9:25,26 # Zec 9:11 Ac 16:27,28,37-39 * Bring. # 7:14,15 * breed. # 1:22 9:1,7 Ps 107:38 144:13,14 Jer 31:27,28 # Ps 121:8 * kinds. Heb. families. # 19 * builded. # 4:4 12:7,8 13:4 22:9 26:25 33:20 35:1,7 Ex 20:24,25 24:4-8 # Ro 12:1 Heb 13:10,15,16 1Pe 2:5,9 * clean beast. # 7:2 Le 11:1-47 * burnt. # Le 1:1-17 * smelled. # Le 1:9,13,17 26:31 So 4:10,11 Isa 65:6 Eze 20:41 Am 5:21,22 # 2Co 2:15 Eph 5:2 Php 4:18 * sweet savour. Heb. savour of rest. curse. # 3:17 4:12 5:29 6:17 * for. or, though. the imagination. # 6:5 Job 14:4 15:14-16 Ps 51:5 58:3 Pr 20:9 Ec 7:20 Isa 47:12 # Isa 47:15 48:8 53:6 Jer 8:6 17:9 18:12 Mt 15:19 Joh 3:6 # Ro 1:21 3:23 8:7,8 Eph 2:1-3 Jas 1:14,15 4:1,2 1Jo 5:19 * neither. # 9:11-15 Isa 54:9,10 * as I. # 2Pe 3:6,7 * While the earth remaineth. Heb. as yet all the days of the earth. # Isa 54:8 * seed-time. Most of the European nations divide the year into four distinct parts, called quarters or seasons; but there are six divisions in the text, which obtained in Palestine among the Hebrews, and exist among the Arabs to the present day. According to this gracious promise, the heavenly bodies have preserved their courses, the seasons their successions, and the earth its increase for the use of man. # 45:6 Ex 34:21 Ps 74:16,17 So 2:11,12 Isa 54:9 Jer 5:24 Jas 5:7 * day. # Jer 31:35 33:20-26 1 God blesses Noah and his sons, and grants them flesh for food. 4 Blood and murder are forbidden. 8 God's covenant, of which the rainbow was constituted a pledge. 18 Noah's family replenish the world. 20 Noah plants a vineyard. 21 Is drunken, and mocked by his son. 25 Curses Canaan. 26 Blesses Shem. 27 Prays for Japheth, and dies. * blessed. # 7 1:22,28 2:3 8:17 24:60 Ps 112:1 128:3,4 Isa 51:2 * Be. # 7,19 1:28 8:17 10:32 # 1:28 2:19 35:5 Le 26:6,22 Job 5:22,23 Ps 8:4-8 104:20-23 # Eze 34:25 Ho 2:18 Jas 3:7 * Every. # Le 11:1-47 22:8 De 12:15 14:3-21 Ac 10:12-15 1Ti 4:3-5 * even. # 1:29,30 Ps 104:14,15 Ro 14:3,14,17,20 1Co 10:23,25,26,31 Col 2:16 # Col 2:16,21,22 1Ti 4:3,4 * the life. # Le 3:17 7:26 17:10-14 19:26 De 12:16,23 14:21 15:23 1Sa 14:34 # Ac 15:20,25,29 1Ti 4:4 * every. # Ex 21:12,28,29 * and at. # 4:9,10 Le 19:16 Nu 35:31-33 De 21:1-9 Ps 9:12 Mt 23:35 * brother. # Ac 17:26 * by. # Ex 21:12-14 22:2,3 Le 17:4 24:17 Nu 35:25 1Ki 2:5,6,28-34 # Mt 26:52 Ro 13:4 Re 13:10 * in. # 1:26,27 5:1 Ps 51:4 Jas 3:9 # 1,19 1:28 8:17 # 8 # 11,17 6:18 17:7,8 22:17 Isa 54:9,10 Jer 31:35,36 33:20 Ro 1:3 # 15,16 8:1 Job 38:1-41 41:1-34 Ps 36:5,6 145:9 Jon 4:11 * And I. # 8:21,22 Isa 54:9 * neither shall all. # 7:21-23 8:21,22 2Pe 3:7,11 # 17:11 Ex 12:13 13:16 Jos 2:12 Mt 26:26-28 1Co 11:23-25 # Eze 1:28 Re 4:3 10:1 # 14 * remember. # Ex 28:12 Le 26:42-45 De 7:9 1Ki 8:23 Ne 9:32 Ps 106:45 # Jer 14:21 Eze 16:60 Lu 1:72 * the waters. # Isa 54:8-10 * everlasting. # 9-11 8:21,22 17:13,19 2Sa 23:5 Ps 89:3,4 Isa 54:8-10 55:3 Jer 32:40 # Heb 13:20 # 17 * Shem. # 23 10:1 1Ch 1:4 * Ham. # 10:1,6 * Canaan. Heb. Chenaan. * These. # 5:32 * and of. # 8:17 10:2-32 1Ch 1:4-28 * an husbandman. # 3:18,19,23 4:2 5:29 Pr 10:11 12:11 Ec 5:9 Isa 28:24-26 * planted. # De 20:6 28:30 Pr 24:30 So 1:6 1Co 9:7 * and was. # 6:9 19:32-36 Pr 20:1 23:31,32 Ec 7:20 Lu 22:3,4 Ro 13:13 # 1Co 10:12 Ga 5:21 Tit 2:2 * and he. # Hab 2:15,16 Re 3:18 * Ham. # 25 10:6,15-19 1Ch 1:8,13-16 * told. # 2Sa 1:19,20 Ps 35:20,21 40:15 70:3 Pr 25:9 30:17 Ob 1:12,13 # Mt 18:15 1Co 13:6 Ga 6:1 # Ex 20:12 Le 19:32 Ro 13:7 Ga 6:1 1Ti 5:1,17,19 1Pe 2:17 4:8 # 24 * Cursed. # 22 3:14 4:11 49:7 De 27:16 28:18 Mt 25:41 Joh 8:34 * a servant. The devoted nations, which God destroyed before Israel, were descended from Canaan: and so were the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, who were at length subjugated with dreadful destruction by the Greeks and Romans. The Africans, who have been bought and sold like beasts, were also his posterity. # Jos 9:23,27 Jud 1:28-30 1Ki 9:20,21 2Ch 8:7,8 Joh 8:34 * Blessed. # De 33:26 Ps 144:15 Ro 9:5 * the Lord. # 10:10-26 12:1-3 Lu 3:23-36 * Sem. # Heb 11:16 * his servant. or, servant to them. # 27:37,40 * enlarge. or, persuade. Japheth. Japheth denotes enlargement, and how wonderfully have his boundaries been enlarged; for not only Europe, but Asia Minor, part of Armenia, Iberia, the whole of the vast regions of Asia north of Taurus, and probably America, fell to the share of his posterity. * he shall dwell. These words may mean either that God or that Japheth shall dwell in the tents of Shem. In either sense the prophecy has been literally fulfilled. * dwell. # Isa 11:10 Ho 2:14 Mal 1:11 Ac 17:14 Ro 11:12 15:12 # Eph 2:13,14,19 3:6,13 Heb 11:9,10 # 28 * A.M. 2006. B.C. 1998. nine. # 5:5,20,27,32 11:11-25 Ps 90:10 1 The generations of Noah. 2 Japheth. 6 Ham. 8 Nimrod the first monarch, and the descendants of Canaan. 21 The sons of Shem. * are the. # 2:4 5:1 6:9 Mt 1:1 * and unto. # 9:1,7,19 # 21 1Ch 1:5-7 Isa 66:19 Eze 27:7,12-14,19 38:2,6,15 39:1 # Re 20:8 # 3 * A.M. 1666. B.C. 2338. Kittim. # Nu 24:24 Isa 23:1,12 Da 11:30 * Chittim. Dodanim. or, Rodanim. * A.M. 1757. B.C. 2247. isles. # 25 Ps 72:10 Isa 24:15 40:15 41:5 42:4,10 49:1 51:5 59:18 # Isa 60:9 Jer 2:10 25:22 Zep 2:11 * after his. # 20 11:1-9 * A.M. 1676. B.C. 2228. And the. # 9:22 1Ch 1:8-16 4:40 Ps 78:51 105:23,27 106:22 * Ham. Ham signifies burnt or black; and this name was peculiarly significant of the regions allotted to his family. To the Cushites, or descendants of Cush, were allotted the hot southern regions of Asia, along the shores of the Persian Gulf, Susiana or Chusistan, etc.; to the sons of Canaan, Palestine and Syria; to the sons of Mizraim, Egypt and Libya, in Africa. * Cush. # Isa 11:11 * Phut. # Jer 46:9 *marg: # Eze 27:10 * Seba. # Ps 72:10 * Havilah. # 2:11 * Sheba. # 1Ki 10:1 Eze 27:22 * Dedan. # Isa 21:13 Eze 27:15 * A.M. 1715. B.C. 2289. Nimrod. # Mic 5:6 * a mighty. # 6:4 25:27 27:30 27:30 Jer 16:16 Eze 13:18 Mic 7:2 * before the Lord. # 6:11 13:13 * Even. # 2Ch 28:22 Ps 52:7 * A.M. 1745. B.C. 2259. And the. # Jer 50:21 Mic 5:6 * Babel. Gr. Babylon. # 11:9 Isa 39:1 Mic 4:10 * Calneh. # Isa 10:9 Am 6:2 * Shinar. # 11:2 14:1 Isa 11:11 Da 1:2 Zec 5:11 * A.M. 1700. B.C. 2304. went forth Asshur. or, he went out into Assyria. # Mic 5:6 * Asshur. # Nu 24:22,24 Ezr 4:2 Ps 83:8 Eze 27:23 32:22 Ho 14:3 * Nineveh. # 2Ki 19:36 Isa 37:37 Jon 1:2 3:1-10 Na 1:1 2:8 3:7 Zep 2:13 * the city of. or, the streets of the city. # 12 * Ludim. # 1Ch 1:11,12 Jer 46:9 Eze 30:5 * Pathrusim. # Isa 11:11 Jer 44:1 * Philistim. # 1Ch 1:12 Jer 47:4 * Caphtorim. # De 2:23 Jer 47:4 Am 9:7 * Canaan. # 1Ch 1:13 * Sidon. Heb. Tzidon. # 49:13 Jos 11:8 Isa 23:4 * Zidon. Heth. # 15:18-21 28:3-20 Ex 3:8 34:11 Nu 34:2-15 Jos 12:8-24 2Sa 11:3 * Jebusite. # Jud 1:21 2Sa 24:18 Zec 9:7 * Hivite. # 34:2 * Arvadite. # Eze 27:8 * Zemarite. # Jos 18:22 2Ch 13:4 * Hamathite. # Nu 34:8 2Sa 8:9 2Ki 17:24,30 Isa 10:9 Eze 47:16,17 Zec 9:2 * And the. # 13:12-17 15:18-21 Nu 34:2-15 De 32:8 Jos 12:7,8 14:1-21:45 * as thou comest. # 13:10 * Gerar. # Ge 20:1 26:1 * Gaza. Heb. Azzah. # Jud 16:1 Jer 25:20 * Sodom. # 13:10-13 14:2 18:20 19:24,25 Ho 11:8 # 6 11:1-9 * Shem. Shem signifies name or renown; and his, indeed, was great both in a temporal and spiritual sense, inasmuch as he was destined to be the lineal ancestor of the promised Seed of the woman, to which Noah might allude in his pious ejaculation, ch. 9:26. * the father. # 11:10-26 * Eber. # Nu 24:24 * the brother. # 2 * children. # 9:26 1Ch 1:17-27 * Elam. # 14:1-9 2Ki 15:19 Job 1:17 Isa 11:11 21:2 22:6 Jer 25:25 # Jer 49:34-39 Ac 2:9 * Arphaxad. Heb. Arpachshad. Lud. # Isa 66:19 * Aram. # Nu 23:7 * Uz. # Job 1:1 Jer 25:20 * Salah. Heb. Shelah. # 11:12-15 * A.M. 1757. B.C. 2247. Eber. # 21 1Ch 1:19 * the name. # 11:16-19 Lu 3:35,36 * Peleg. i.e., division. in. # 32 De 32:8 Ac 17:26 # 1Ch 1:20-28 # 1Ch 1:20-28 * A.M. cir. 1797. B.C. cir. 2207. # 25:3 1Ki 10:1 1Ch 1:20-28 * Ophir. # 1Ki 9:28 22:48 1Ch 8:18 9:10,13 Job 22:24 28:16 Ps 45:9 # Isa 13:12 * Havilah. # 2:11 25:18 1Sa 15:7 * mount of the east. # Nu 23:7 # 5,20 Ac 17:26 * are the. # 1,20,31 5:29-31 * and by. Any man who can barely read his Bible, and has but heard of such people as the Assyrians, Elamites, Lydians, Medes, Ionians, and Thracians, will readily acknowledge that Asshur, Elam, Lud, Madai, Javan, and Tiras, grandsons of Noah, were their respective founders. * nations. # 25 9:1,7,19 Ac 17:26 1 One language in the world. 2 The building of Babel. 5 It is interrupted by the confusion of tongues, and the builders dispersed. 10 The generations of Shem. 27 The generations of Terah, the father of Abram. 31 Terah, with Abram and Lot, remove from Ur to Haran. * A.M. 1757. B.C. 2247. was. # Isa 19:18 Zep 3:9 Ac 2:6 * language. Heb. lip. speech. Heb. words. * from the east. or, eastward. # 13:11 * Shinar. See on ver. # 9 10:10 14:1 Isa 11:11 Da 1:2 Zec 5:11 * they said one to another. Heb. a man said to his neighbour. Go to. ver. # 4,7 Ps 64:5 Pr 1:11 Ec 2:1 Isa 5:5 41:6,7 Jas 4:13 5:1 * not as. # Heb 3:13 10:24 * burn throughly. Heb. burn to a burning. brick. # Ex 1:14 5:7-18 2Sa 12:31 Isa 9:10 65:3 Na 3:14 * slime. # 14:10 Ex 2:3 * whose. # De 1:28 9:1 Da 4:11,22 * and let. # 2Sa 8:13 Ps 49:11-13 Pr 10:7 Da 4:30 Joh 5:44 * lest. # 8,9 Ps 92:9 Lu 1:51 # 18:21 Ex 19:11 Ps 11:4 33:13,14 Jer 23:23,24 Joh 3:13 Heb 4:13 * Behold. # 3:22 Jud 10:14 1Ki 18:27 Ec 11:9 * the people. # 1 9:19 Ac 17:26 * imagined. # 6:5 8:21 Ps 2:1-4 Lu 1:51 * Go to. The Hebrew word signifies, 'Come,' or, 'make preparation,' as for a journey or the execution of a purpose. * let. # 5 1:26 3:22 Isa 6:8 * confound. # Job 5:12,13 12:20 Ps 2:4 33:10 Ac 2:4-11 * may. # 10:5,20,32 42:23 De 28:49 Ps 55:9 Jer 5:15 1Co 14:2-11,23 * Lord. # 4,9 49:7 De 32:8 Lu 1:51 * upon. # 10:25,32 * Babel. that is, Confusion. The tower of Babel, Herodotus informs us, was a furlong or 660 feet, in length and breadth; and, according to Strabo, it rose to the same altitude. It was of a pyramidical form, consisting of eight square towers, gradually decreasing in breadth, with a winding ascent on the outside, so very broad as to allow horses and carriages to pass each other, and even to turn. This magnificent structure is so completely destroyed that its very site is doubtful; and when supposed to be discovered, in all cases exhibiting a heap of rubbish. # 10:5,10,20,31 Isa 13:1-14:32 Jer 50:1-51:64 1Co 14:23 * the face. # 10:25,32 Ac 17:26 * A.M. 1658. B.C. 2346. # 27 10:21,22 1Ch 1:17-27 Lu 3:34-36 * A.M. 2158. B.C. 1846. Shem. # 5:4 *etc: * begat sons. # 1:28 5:4 9:7 Ps 127:3,4 128:3,4 144:12 * A.M. 1693. B.C. 2311. begat. # Lu 3:36 * A.M. 2096. B.C. 1908. # 13 * A.M. 1723. B.C. 2281. # 14 * A.M. 2126. B.C. 1878. # 15 * A.M. 1757. B.C. 2247. Eber. # 10:21,25 Nu 24:24 1Ch 1:19 * Peleg. # Lu 3:35 * Phalec. * A.M. 2187. B.C. 1817. # 17 * A.M. 1787. B.C. 2217. Reu. # Lu 3:35 * Ragau. * A.M. 1996. B.C. 2008. # 19 * A.M. 1819. B.C. 2185. Serug. # Lu 3:35 * Saruch. * A.M. 2026. B.C. 1978. # 21 * A.M. 1849. B.C. 2155. Nahor. # Jos 24:2 * Nachor. * A.M. 2049. B.C. 1955. # 23 * A.M. 1878. B.C. 2126. Terah. # Lu 3:34 * Thara. * A.M. 1997. B.C. 2007. # 25 * A.M. 1948. B.C. 2056. Abram. # 12:4,5 22:20-24 29:4,5 Jos 24:2 1Ch 1:26,27 * A.M. 2008. B.C. 1996. Lot. # 31 12:4 13:1-11 14:12 19:1-29 2Pe 2:7 * Ur. # 15:7 Ne 9:7 Ac 7:2-4 * Sarai. # 17:15 20:12 * Milcah. # 22:20 24:15 * Iscah. Iscah is called the daughter-in-law of Terah, (ver. 31,) as being Abram's wife; yet Abram afterwards said, "she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother." (ch. 20:12.) Probably Haran was the eldest son of Terah, and Abram his youngest by another wife; and thus Sarai was the daughter, or grand-daughter of Terah, Abram's father, but not of his mother. * barren. # 15:2,3 16:1,2 18:11,12 21:1,2 25:21 29:31 30:1,2 Jud 13:2 # 1Sa 1:2 Ps 113:9 Lu 1:7,36 * A.M. 2078. B.C. 1926. took. # 26,27 12:1 * they went. # 28 12:1 Jos 24:2,3 Heb 11:8 * Ur. Ur was probably the place called Ouri, in Mesopotamia, two days' journey from Nisibis, in the way to the river Tigris. # Jos 24:2 Ne 9:7 Ac 7:2-4 * the land. # 10:19 24:10 * B.C. cir. 1923. A.M. cir. 2081. Haran. # 32 12:4 24:10,15 27:43 29:4,5 Ac 7:2-4 * Charran. * A.M. 2083. B.C. 1921. # 32 1 God calls Abram, and blesses him with a promise of Christ. 4 He departs with Lot from Haran, and comes to Canaan. 6 He journeys through Canaan, 7 which is promised to him in a vision. 10 He is driven by famine into Egypt. 11 Fear makes him feign his wife to be his sister. 14 Pharaoh, having taken her from him, by plagues is compelled to restore her. 18 He reproves Abram, whom he dismisses. * had. # 11:31,32 15:7 Ne 9:7 Isa 41:9 51:2 Eze 33:24 * Get. # Jos 24:2,3 Ps 45:10,11 Lu 14:26-33 Ac 7:2-6 2Co 6:17 Heb 11:8 # Re 18:4 # 13:16 15:5 17:5,6 18:18 22:17,18 24:35 26:4 27:29 28:3,14 # 35:11 46:3 Ex 1:7 32:10 Nu 14:12 24:9,10 De 26:5 2Sa 7:9 # 1Ki 3:8,9 Mic 7:20 Ro 4:11 Ga 3:7 * thou shalt. # 14:14-16 18:18 19:29 28:4 1Ki 1:47 Ga 3:14 * And I. # 27:29 Ex 23:22 Nu 24:9 Mt 25:40,45 * in thee. # 18:18 22:18 26:4 28:14 30:27,30 39:5 Ps 72:17 Ac 3:25,26 # Ro 4:11 1Co 1:30 Ga 3:8,16,28 Eph 1:3 Col 3:11 Re 7:9 * and Lot. # 11:27 * departed out. # Heb 11:8 * the souls. # 14:14,21 *marg: # 46:5-26 * in. # 11:31 * and into. # 10:19 Ac 7:4 Heb 11:8,9 * Canaan. So called from Canaan the son of Ham, lies between the Mediterranean sea on the west, the wilderness of Paran, Idumea, and Egypt on the south, the mountains of Arabia on the east, and the mountains of Lebanon and Phoenicia on the north. Its length, from Dan to Beersheba, is about 200 miles, and its breadth, from the Mediterranean sea to its eastern borders, about 90. * passed. # Heb 11:9 * Sichem. # 33:18 34:2 35:4 Jos 20:7 24:32 Jud 9:1 1Ki 12:1 * Shechem. # Joh 4:5 * Sychar. # Ac 7:16 * Sychem. plain. The word rendered 'plain' should be rendered 'oak,' or according to Celsius, the 'turpentine-tree.' * Moreh. # De 11:30 Jud 7:1 * Canaanite. # 10:15,18,19 13:7 15:18-21 * appeared. # 17:1 18:1 32:30 * Unto thy. # 13:15 17:3,8 26:3 28:13 Ex 33:1 Nu 32:11 De 1:8 6:10 30:20 # Ps 105:9-12 Ro 9:8 Ga 3:16 4:28 * builded. # 8 8:20 13:4,18 26:25 33:20 Heb 11:13 * of Beth-el. # 28:19 35:3,15,16 Jos 8:17 18:22 Ne 11:31 * Hai. # Jos 7:2 8:3 * Ai. # Ne 11:31 * Aija. # Isa 10:28 * Aiath. called. # 4:26 13:4 21:33 Ps 116:4 Joe 2:32 Ac 2:21 Ro 10:12-14 1Co 1:2 * going on still. Heb. in going and journeying. # 13:3 24:62 Ps 105:13 Heb 11:13,14 * A.M. 2084. B.C. 1920. was a. # 26:1 42:5 43:1 47:13 Ru 1:1 2Sa 21:1 1Ki 17:1-18:46 2Ki 4:38 # 2Ki 6:25 7:1-8:1 Ps 34:19 107:34 Jer 14:1 Joh 16:33 Ac 7:11 # Ac 14:22 * went. # 26:2,3 43:1 46:3,4 2Ki 8:1,2 Ps 105:13 * a fair. # 14 26:7 29:17 39:6,7 2Sa 11:2 Pr 21:30 So 1:14 * will kill. # 20:11 26:7 1Sa 27:1 Pr 29:25 Mt 10:28 1Jo 1:8-10 * Say. # Joh 8:44 Ro 3:6-8 6:23 Col 3:6 * thou. # 11:29 20:2,5,12,13 26:7 Isa 57:11 Mt 26:69-75 Ga 2:12,13 * and. # Ps 146:3-5 Jer 17:5-8 Eze 18:4 * beheld. # 3:6 6:2 39:7 Mt 5:28 * princes. # Es 2:2-16 Pr 29:12 Ho 7:4,5 Pharaoh was a common name of the Egyptian kings, and signified a 'ruler,' or 'king,' or 'father of his country.' # 40:2 41:1 Ex 2:5,15 1Ki 3:1 2Ki 18:21 Jer 25:19 46:17 Eze 32:2 * taken. # 20:2 Es 2:9 Ps 105:4 Pr 6:29 Heb 13:4 * And he. # 13:2 20:14 * he had. # 24:35 26:14 32:5,13-15 Job 1:3 42:12 Ps 144:13,14 # 20:18 1Ch 16:21 21:22 Job 34:19 Ps 105:14,15 Heb 13:4 # 3:13 4:10 20:9,10 26:9-11 31:26 44:15 Ex 32:21 Jos 7:19 # 1Sa 14:43 Pr 21:1 # 19 # Ex 18:27 1Sa 29:6-11 Ps 105:14,15 Pr 21:1 1 Abram and Lot return with great riches out of Egypt. 6 Strife arises between Abram's herdsmen and those of Lot. 8 Abram meekly refers it to Lot to choose his part of the country, 10 and Lot goes to Sodom. 14 God renews the promise to Abram. 18 He removes to Hebron, and there builds an altar. * A.M. 2086. B.C. 1918. the south. The south of Canaan; as in leaving Egypt, it is said he 'came from the south,' (ver. 3,) and the southern part of the promised land lay north-east of Egypt. # 12:9 *etc: # 20:1 21:33 Jos 10:40 18:5 1Sa 27:10 2Sa 24:7 # 24:35 26:12,13 De 8:18 1Sa 2:7 Job 1:3,10 22:21-25 Ps 112:1-3 # Pr 3:9,10 10:22 Mt 6:33 1Ti 4:8 * from. # 12:6,8,9 * Beth-el and Hai. i.e., The place which was afterwards called Bethel by Jacob, and so called when Moses wrote; for its first name was Luz. (ch. 28:19.) * Unto. # 18 12:7,8 35:1-3 Ps 26:8 42:1,2 84:1,2,10 * called. # 4:26 Ps 65:1,2 107:1,8,15 116:2,17 145:18 Isa 58:9 Jer 29:12 # Zep 3:9 1Co 1:2 Eph 6:18,19 * tents. # 4:20 25:27 Jer 49:29 # 36:6,7 Ec 5:10,11 Lu 12:17,18 1Ti 6:9 * a strife. # 21:25 26:20 Ex 2:17 1Co 3:3 Ga 5:20 Tit 3:3 Jas 3:16 4:1 * Canaanite. # 10:19 12:6 15:18-21 34:30 Ne 5:9 Php 2:14,15 Col 4:5 # 1Th 4:12 1Pe 2:12 * dwelled. i.e., They were there when Abram and Lot came to pitch their tents in the land. * Let. # Pr 15:1 Mt 5:9 1Co 6:6,7 Php 2:14 Heb 12:14 Jas 3:17,18 * brethren. Heb. men, brethren. # 11:27-31 45:24 Ex 2:13 Ps 133:1 Ac 7:26 Ro 12:10 Eph 4:2,3 # 1Th 4:9 Heb 13:1 1Pe 1:22 2:17 3:8 4:8 2Pe 1:7 1Jo 2:9-11 # 1Jo 3:14-19 4:7,20,21 * Is not. # 20:15 34:10 * if thou wilt. # Ps 120:7 Ro 12:18 1Co 6:7 Heb 12:14 Jas 3:13-18 1Pe 3:8-12 * and beheld. # 3:6 6:2 Nu 32:1 *etc: # 1Jo 2:15,16 * the plain. # 19:17,24,25 De 34:3 1Ki 7:46 Ps 107:34 1Jo 2:15 * the garden. # 2:9,10 Isa 51:3 Eze 28:13 31:8 Joe 2:3 * Zoar. # 14:2,8 19:20,22-30 De 34:3 Isa 15:5 Jer 48:34 Instead of 'Zoar,' which was situated at the extremity of the plain of Jordan, the Syriac reads 'Zoan,' which was situated in the south of Egypt, and in a well-watered country. * A.M. 2087. B.C. 1917. chose. # 19:17 * they. # 9,14 Ps 16:3 119:63 Pr 27:10 Heb 10:25 1Pe 2:17 * Lot dwelled. # 19:29 * pitched. # 14:12 19:1 Ps 26:5 1Co 15:33 2Pe 2:7,8 * But the. # 15:16 18:20 19:4 *etc: # 1Sa 15:18 Isa 1:9 3:9 Eze 16:46-50 Mt 9:10,13 11:23,24 # Joh 9:24,31 Ro 1:27 2Pe 2:6-8,10 Jude 1:7 * before. # 6:11 10:9 38:7 2Ki 21:6 Isa 3:8 Jer 23:24 Heb 4:13 * was. # 11 * Lift. # 10 Isa 49:18 60:4 * northward. # 28:14 De 3:27 # 12:7 15:18 17:7,8 18:18 24:7 26:3,4 28:4,13 35:12 48:4 Ex 33:1 # Nu 34:2,12 *etc: # De 26:2-4 34:4 2Ch 20:7 Ne 9:7,8 Ps 37:22,29 105:9-12 112:1,2 # Isa 63:18 Mt 5:5 Ac 7:5 # 12:2,3 15:5 17:6,16,20 18:18 21:13 22:17 25:1-34 26:4 28:3,14 # 32:12 35:11 36:1-43 46:3 Ex 1:7 32:13 Nu 23:10 De 1:10 # Jud 6:3,5 1Ki 3:8 4:20 1Ch 21:5 27:23 2Ch 17:14-18 Isa 48:18 # Isa 48:19 Jer 33:22 Ro 4:16-18 Heb 11:12 Re 7:9 # 17 * plain. Heb. plains. Mamre. # 14:13 18:1 * Hebron. # 23:2 35:27 37:14 Nu 13:22 Jos 14:13 * altar. # 4 8:20 12:7,8 Ps 16:8 1Ti 2:8 1 The battle of four kings against the king of Sodom and his allies. 12 Lot is taken prisoner. 14 Abram rescues him. 17 Melchizedek blesses Abram at his return, who gives him tithes. 21 The rest of the spoil, his partners having had their portions he restores to the king of Sodom. * A.M. 2091. B.C. 1913. * Shinar. # 10:10 11:2 Isa 11:11 Da 1:2 Zec 5:11 * Ellasar. # Isa 37:12 * Elam. # 10:22 Isa 21:2 22:6 Jer 25:25 49:34-39 Eze 32:24 * Sodom. # 10:19 13:10 19:24 Isa 1:9,10 * Admah. # De 29:23 Ho 11:8 * Zeboiim. # 1Sa 13:18 Ne 11:34 * Zoar. # 19:20-30 De 34:3 Isa 15:5 Jer 48:34 * salt sea. # 19:24 Nu 34:12 De 3:17 Jos 3:16 Ps 107:34 *marg: * they served. # 9:25,26 * they rebelled. # Eze 17:15 * Rephaims. # 15:20 De 3:11,20,22 2Sa 5:18,22 23:13 1Ch 11:15 14:9 Isa 17:5 * Ashteroth. The same as Ashteroth, a city of Bashan, where Og afterwards reigned. # De 1:4 Jos 12:4 13:12,31 * Zuzims. # De 2:20-23 1Ch 4:40 Ps 78:51 105:23,27 106:22 * Emims. # De 2:10,11 * Shaveh Kiriathaim. or, the plains of Kiriathaim; Kiriathaim was beyond Jordan, 10 miles west-ward from Medeba, and afterwards belonged to Sihon, king of Heshbon. # Jos 13:19 Jer 48:1,23 * Horites. # 36:8,20-30 De 2:12,22 1Ch 1:38-42 * El-paran. or, the plain of Paran. # 16:7 21:21 Nu 12:16 13:3 Hab 3:3 * Kadesh. En-mishpat or Kadesh, was about 8 leagues south of Hebron. # 16:14 20:1 Nu 20:1 De 1:19,46 * Amalekites. # 36:12,16 Ex 17:8-16 Nu 14:43,45 24:20 1Sa 15:1-35 27:1-12 # 1Sa 30:1-31 * Hazezon-tamar. Called by the Chaldee, 'En-gaddi,' a town on the western shore of the Dead Sea. # Jos 15:62 2Ch 20:2 * same. # 2 13:10 19:20,22 * in. # 3,10 * See # 1 * slime pits. Places where asphaltus or bitumen sprung out of the ground: this substance which is properly denoted by the word 'slime,' abounds in these parts. # 11:3 * fell. # Jos 8:24 Ps 83:10 Isa 24:18 Jer 48:44 * the mountain. # 19:17,30 # 16,21 12:5 De 28:31,35,51 * Lot. # 11:27 12:5 * who. # 13:12,13 Nu 16:26 Job 9:23 Jer 2:17-19 1Ti 6:9-11 Re 3:19 18:4 * one. # 1Sa 4:12 Job 1:15 * the. # 39:14 40:15 41:12 43:32 Ex 2:6,11 Jon 1:9 2Co 11:22 Php 2:5 * dwelt. # 13:18 * Mamre. # 24 13:18 * Amorite. # 10:16 Nu 21:21 * and these. # 24 * his brother. # 11:27-31 13:8 Pr 17:17 24:11,12 Ga 6:1,2 1Jo 2:18 * armed. or, led forth. # Ps 45:3-5 68:12 Isa 41:2,3 * trained. or, instructed. born. # 12:5,16 15:3 17:12,27 18:19 23:6 Ec 2:7 * Dan. # De 34:1 Jud 18:29 20:1 * And he. # Ps 112:5 * smote. # Isa 41:2,3 * Damascus. # De 15:2 1Ki 15:18 Ac 9:2 # 11,12 12:2 1Sa 30:8,18,19 Isa 41:2 * to. # Jud 11:34 1Sa 18:6 Pr 14:20 19:4 * after. # Heb 7:1 * king's. # 2Sa 18:18 * king. # Ps 76:2 Heb 7:1,2 * bread. # Mt 26:26-29 Ga 6:10 * the priest. # Ps 110:4 Heb 5:6,10 6:20 7:1,3,10-22 * the most. # Ru 3:10 2Sa 2:5 Ps 7:17 50:14 57:2 Mic 6:6 Ac 7:48 16:17 * he blessed. # 27:4,25-29 47:7,10 48:9-16 49:28 Nu 6:23-27 Mr 10:16 Heb 7:6,7 * Blessed be. # Ru 3:10 2Sa 2:5 Eph 1:3,6 * high. # Mic 6:6 Ac 16:17 * possessor. # 22 Ps 24:1 50:10 115:16 Mt 11:25 Lu 10:21 * blessed. # 9:26 24:27 Ps 68:19 72:17-19 144:1 Eph 1:3 1Pe 1:3,4 * which. # Jos 10:42 Ps 44:3 * tithes. # 28:22 Le 27:30-32 Nu 28:26 De 12:17 14:23,28 2Ch 31:5,6,12 # Ne 10:37 13:12 Am 4:4 Mal 3:8,10 Lu 18:12 Ro 15:16 Heb 7:4-9 * persons. Heb. souls. # 21 * lift. # Ex 6:8 De 32:40 Da 12:7 Re 10:5,6 * unto. # 21:23-31 Jud 11:35 * the most. # 20 17:1 Ps 24:1 83:18 Isa 57:15 Da 4:34 Hag 2:8 * possessor. # 19 21:33 * That I. # 1Ki 13:8 2Ki 5:16,20 Es 9:15,16 2Co 11:9-11 12:14 * lest. # 2Co 11:12 Heb 13:5 * Save. # Pr 3:27 Mt 7:12 Ro 13:7,8 * Aner. # 13 * let. # 1Co 9:14,15 1Ti 5:18 1 God encourages Abram, who complains for want of an heir. 4 God promises him a son, and a multiplying of his seed. 6 Abram is justified by faith. 7 Canaan is promised again, and confirmed by a sign, and a vision, prophetic of the condition of his posterity till brought out of Egypt. * A.M. 2093. B.C. 1911. in. # 46:2 Nu 12:6 1Sa 9:9 Eze 1:1 3:4 11:24 Da 10:1-16 Ac 10:10-17 # Ac 10:22 Heb 1:1 * Fear. # 14-16 26:24 46:3 Ex 14:13 De 31:6 1Ch 28:20 Ps 27:1 Isa 35:4 41:10 # Isa 41:14 43:1,5 44:2,8 51:12 Da 10:12 Mt 8:26 10:28-31 28:5 # Lu 1:13,30 12:32 Re 1:17 * thy shield. # De 33:29 Ps 3:3 5:12 18:2 84:9,11 91:4 119:114 Pr 30:5 * and thy. # De 33:26-29 Ru 2:12 Ps 16:5,6 58:11 142:5 Pr 11:18 La 3:24 # 1Co 3:22 Heb 13:5,6 Re 21:3,4 * what. # 12:1-3 * childless. # 25:21 30:1,2 1Sa 1:11 Ps 127:3 Pr 13:12 Isa 56:5 Ac 7:5 * the. # 24:2,10 39:4-6,9 43:19 44:1 Pr 17:2 * Behold. # 12:2 13:16 Pr 13:12 Jer 12:1 Heb 10:35,36 * born. # 14:14 Pr 29:21 30:23 Ec 2:7 * shall come. # 17:16 21:12 2Sa 7:12 16:11 2Ch 32:21 Phm 1:12 * tell. # De 1:10 Ps 147:4 Jer 33:22 Ro 9:7,8 * So. # 12:2 13:16 16:10 22:17 28:14 Ex 32:13 De 1:10 10:22 1Ch 27:23 # Ro 4:18 Heb 11:12 * he believed. # Ro 4:3-6,9,20-25 Ga 3:6-14 Heb 11:8 Jas 2:23 * he counted. # Ps 106:31 Ro 4:11,22 2Co 5:19 Ga 3:6 * brought. # 11:28-31 12:1 Ne 9:7 Ac 7:2-4 * to give. # 12:7 13:15-17 Ne 9:8 Ps 105:11,42,44 Ro 4:13 # 24:2-4,13,14 Jud 6:17-24,36-40 1Sa 14:9,10 2Ki 20:8 Ps 86:17 # Isa 7:11 Lu 1:18,34 # 22:13 Le 1:3,10,14 3:1,6 9:2,4 12:8 14:22,30 Ps 50:5 Isa 15:5 # Lu 2:24 * divided them. # Jer 34:18,19 2Ti 2:15 * the birds. # Le 1:17 * fowls. # Eze 17:3,7 Mt 13:4 * Abram. # Ps 119:13 * deep. # 2:21 1Sa 26:12 Job 4:13,14 33:15 Da 10:8,9 Ac 20:9 * horror. # Ps 4:3-5 Ac 9:8,9 * thy. # 17:8 Ex 1:1-2:25 5:1-23 22:21 23:9 Le 19:34 De 10:19 Ps 105:11 # Ps 105:12,23-25 Ac 7:6,7 Heb 11:8-13 * four. # Ex 12:40,41 Ga 3:17 * that. # 46:1-34 Ex 6:5,6 7:1-14:31 De 4:20 6:22 7:18,19 11:2-4 # Jos 24:4-7,17 1Sa 12:8 Ne 9:9-11 Ps 51:4 78:43-51 105:27-37 # Ps 135:9,14 * with. # Ex 3:21,22 12:35,36 Ps 105:37 * And thou. # 25:8 Nu 20:24 27:13 Jud 2:10 Job 5:26 Ec 12:7 Ac 13:36 * in peace. # 2Ch 34:28 Ps 37:37 Isa 57:1,2 Da 12:13 Mt 22:32 Heb 6:13-19 # Heb 11:13-16 * buried. # 23:4,19 25:8,9 35:29 49:29,31 50:13 Ec 6:3 Jer 8:1,2 * good. # 25:7,8 1Ch 23:1 29:28 Job 5:26 42:17 * in the. # Ex 12:40 * Amorites. # 1Ki 21:26 2Pe 3:8,9 * not. # Da 8:23 Zec 5:5-11 Mt 23:32-35 1Th 2:16 * smoking. # Ex 3:2,3 De 4:20 Jud 6:21 13:20 1Ch 21:26 Isa 62:1 Jer 11:4 * a burning lamp. Heb. a lamp of fire. # 2Sa 22:9 * passed. # Jer 34:18,19 * made. # 9:8-17 17:1-27 24:7 2Sa 23:5 Isa 55:3 Jer 31:31-34 32:40 # Jer 33:20-26 Ga 3:15-17 Heb 13:20 * Unto thy. # 12:7 13:15 17:8 26:4 28:4,13,14 35:12 50:24 Ex 3:8 6:4 23:23 # Ex 23:27-31 34:11 Nu 34:3 De 1:7,8 7:1 11:24 34:4 Jos 1:3,4 # Jos 12:1-20 19:1-38 1Ki 4:21 2Ch 9:26 Ne 9:8 Ps 105:11 * from. # Nu 34:5 Jos 15:4 Isa 27:12 * Euphrates. # 2:14 2Sa 8:3 1Ch 5:9 * Kenites. # Nu 24:21,22 * Rephaims. # 14:5 Isa 17:5 * Amorites. # 10:15-19 Ex 23:23-28 33:2 34:11 De 7:1 * Girgashites. # Mt 8:28 1 Sarai, being barren, gives Hagar to Abram. 4 Hagar, being afflicted for despising her mistress, runs away. 7 An angel commands her to return and submit herself, promises her a numerous posterity, and shows their character and condition. 13 Hagar names the place, and returns to Sarai. 15 Ishmael is born. 16 The age of Abram. * A.M. 2092. B.C. 1912. bare. # 15:2,3 21:10,12 25:21 Jud 13:2 Lu 1:7,36 * Egyptian. # 12:16 21:9,21 * name. # Ga 4:24 * Agar. * the Lord. # 17:16 18:10 20:18 25:21 30:2,3,9,22 Ps 127:3 * obtain children. Heb be builded. # 30:3,6 Ex 21:4 Ru 4:11 * hearkened. # 3:1-6,12,17 * A.M. 2093. B.C. 1911. had. # 12:4,5 * gave. # 5 30:4,9 * his. # 25:6 28:9 32:22 35:22 Jud 19:1-4 2Sa 5:13 1Ki 11:3 Ga 4:25 * her mistress. # 1Sa 1:6-8 2Sa 6:16 Pr 30:20,21,23 1Co 4:6 13:4,5 * My wrong. # Lu 10:40,41 * the Lord. # 31:53 Ex 5:21 1Sa 24:12-15 2Ch 24:22 Ps 7:8 35:23 43:1 * Abram. # 13:8,9 Pr 14:29 15:1,17,18 1Pe 3:7 * in. # 24:10 Job 2:6 Ps 106:41,42 Jer 38:5 * as it pleaseth thee. Heb. that which is good in thine eyes. dealt hardly with her. Heb. afflicted her. # Pr 29:19 * fled. # Ex 2:15 Pr 27:8 Ec 10:4 * found. # Pr 15:3 * the fountain. # 25:18 Ex 15:22 1Sa 15:7 * Shur. The desert of Shur being between the south of Canaan, where Hebron was situated, and Egypt, it is likely that Hagar was returning to her own country. * Sarai's maid. # 1,4 Eph 6:5-8 1Ti 6:1,2 * whence. # 3:9 4:10 Ec 10:4 Jer 2:17,18 * I flee. # 1Sa 26:19 * submit. # Ec 10:4 Eph 5:21 6:5,6 Tit 2:9 1Pe 2:18-25 5:5,6 * the angel. # 22:15-18 31:11-13 32:24-30 48:15,16 Ex 3:2-6 Jud 2:1-3 6:11 # Jud 6:16,21-24 13:16-22 Isa 63:9 Ho 12:3-5 Zec 2:8,9 Mal 3:1 # Joh 1:18 Ac 7:30-38 1Ti 6:16 * I will. # 17:20 21:13,16 25:12-18 Ps 83:6,7 * shalt. # 17:19 29:32-35 Isa 7:14 Mt 1:21-23 Lu 1:13,31,63 * Ishmael. i.e., God shall hear. because. # 41:51,52 1Sa 1:20 * hath. # 29:32,33 Ex 2:23,24 3:7 Job 38:41 Ps 22:24 * be a. # 21:20 Job 11:12 39:5-8 * wild. The word rendered 'wild' also denotes the 'wild ass;' the description of which animal in Job 39:5-8, affords the very best representation of the wandering, lawless, freebooting life of the Bedouin and other Arabs, the descendants of Ishmael. * his hand. # 27:40 * he shall. # 25:18 * called. # 7,9,10 22:14 28:17:19 32:30 Jud 6:24 * Thou. # 32:30 Ex 33:18-23 34:5-7 Ps 139:1-12 Pr 5:21 15:3 * him that. # 31:42 * Beer-lahri-roi. That is, The well of him that liveth and seeth me. # 21:31 24:62 25:11 * Kadesh. # Nu 13:26 * A.M. 2094. B.C. 1910. Hagar. # 11 25:12 1Ch 1:28 Ga 4:22,23 * Ishmael. # 17:18,20,25,26 21:9-21 25:9,12 28:9 37:27 # 16 1 God renews the covenant with Abram, and changes his name to Abraham, in token of a greater blessing. 9 Circumcision is instituted. 15 Sarai's name is changed to Sarah, and she is blessed. 17 Isaac is promised, and the time of his birth fixed. 23 Abraham and Ishmael are circumcised. * A.M. 2107. B.C. 1897. was. # 16:16 * the Lord. # 12:1 * Almighty. # 18:14 28:3 35:11 Ex 6:3 Nu 11:23 De 10:17 Job 11:7 Ps 115:3 # Jer 32:17 Da 4:35 Mt 19:26 Eph 3:20 Php 4:13 Heb 7:25 * walk. # 5:22,24 6:9 48:15 1Ki 2:4 3:6 8:25 2Ki 20:3 Ps 116:9 Isa 38:3 # Mic 6:8 Lu 1:6 Ac 23:1 24:16 Heb 12:28 * perfect. or, upright, or sincere. # 6:9 De 18:13 Job 1:1 Mt 5:48 * And I. # 4-6 9:9 15:18 Ps 105:8-11 Ga 3:17,18 * multiply. # 12:2 13:16 22:17 # 17 Ex 3:6 Le 9:23,24 Nu 14:5 16:22,45 Jos 5:14 Jud 13:20 # 1Ki 18:39 Eze 1:28 3:23 9:8 Da 8:17,18 10:9 Mt 17:6 Re 1:17 * a father. # 12:2 13:16 16:10 22:17 25:1-18 32:12 35:11 36:1-43 Nu 1:1-54 # Nu 26:1-65 Ro 4:11-18 Ga 3:28,29 * many nations. Heb. multitude of nations. * but thy name. # 15 32:28 Nu 13:16 2Sa 12:25 Ne 9:7 Isa 62:2-4 65:15 Jer 20:3 # Jer 23:6 Mt 1:21-23 Joh 1:42 Re 2:17 * Abraham. i.e., father of a great multitude. * nations. # 4,20 35:11 * kings. # 16 36:31 *etc: # Ezr 4:20 Mt 1:6 *etc: * And I. # 15:18 26:24 Ex 6:4 Ps 105:8-11 Mic 7:20 Lu 1:54,55,72-75 # Ro 9:4,8,9 Ga 3:17 Eph 2:2 * God. # 26:24 28:13 Ex 3:6,15 Le 26:12 Ps 81:10 Eze 28:26 Mt 22:32 # Heb 8:10 11:16 * and to. # Ex 19:5,6 Mr 10:14 Ac 2:39 Ro 9:7-9 * And I. # 12:7 13:15,17 15:7-21 Ps 105:9,11 * wherein thou art a stranger. Heb. of thy sojournings. # 23:4 28:4 * everlasting. # 48:4 Ex 21:6 31:16,17 40:15 Le 16:34 Nu 25:13 De 32:8 2Sa 23:5 # Ps 103:17 Heb 9:15 * their. # Ex 6:7 Le 26:12 De 4:37 14:2 26:18 29:13 # Ps 25:10 103:18 Isa 56:4,5 * Every. # 11 34:15 Ex 4:25 12:48 De 10:16 30:6 Jos 5:2,4 Jer 4:4 9:25,26 # Ac 7:8 Ro 2:28,29 3:1,25,28,30 4:9-11 1Co 7:18,19 Ga 3:28 # Ga 5:3-6 6:12 Eph 2:11 Php 3:3 Col 2:11,12 * the flesh. # Ex 4:25 Jos 5:3 1Sa 18:25-27 2Sa 3:14 * a token. # Ac 7:8 Ro 4:11 * he that is eight days old. Heb. a son of eight days. # 21:4 Le 12:3 Lu 1:59 2:21 Joh 7:22,23 Ac 7:8 Ro 2:28 Php 3:5 * is born. # 23 Ex 12:48,49 * born. # 14:14 15:3 Ex 12:44 21:4 * bought. # 37:27,36 39:1 Ex 21:2,16 Ne 5:5,8 Mt 18:25 * cut. # Ex 4:24-26 12:15,19 30:33,38 Le 7:20,21,25,27 18:29 19:8 # Nu 15:30,31 Jos 5:2 *etc: * broken. # Ps 55:20 Isa 24:5 33:8 Jer 11:10 31:32 1Co 11:27,29 * As. # 5 32:28 2Sa 12:25 * Sarah. i.e., princess. * And I. # 1:28 12:2 24:60 Ro 9:9 * give. # 18:10-14 * be a mother of nations. Heb. become nations. # 35:11 Ga 4:26-31 1Pe 3:6 * kings. # 6 Isa 49:23 * fell. # 3 Le 9:24 Nu 14:5 16:22,45 De 9:18,25 Jos 5:14 7:6 Jud 13:20 # 1Ch 21:16 Job 1:20 Eze 1:28 Da 8:17 Mt 2:11 Re 5:8 11:16 * laughed. # 18:12 21:6 Joh 8:56 Ro 4:19,20 * O that. # Jer 32:39 Ac 2:39 * before. # 4:12,14 Ps 4:6 41:12 Isa 59:2 * Sarah. # 21 18:10-14 21:2,3,6 2Ki 4:16,17 Lu 1:13-20 Ro 9:6-9 Ga 4:28-31 * Isaac. Yitzchak, which we change into Isaac, signifies laughter; in allusion to Abraham's laughing, ver. 17. By this Abraham did not express his unbelief or weakness of faith, but his joy at the prospect of the fulfilment of so glorious a promise; and to this our Lord evidently alludes, Joh. 8:56. * I have blessed. # 16:10-12 * twelve. # 25:12-18 * and I. # 21:13,18 * my. # 21:10-12 26:2-5 46:1 48:15 Ex 2:24 3:6 Lu 1:55,72 Ro 9:5,6,9 # Ga 3:29 Heb 11:9 * at. # 18:10 21:2,3 Job 14:13 Ac 1:7 # 3 18:33 35:9-15 Ex 20:22 Nu 12:6-8 De 5:4 Jud 6:21 13:20 # Joh 1:18 10:30 * circumcised. # 10-14,26,27 18:19 34:24 Jos 5:2-9 Ps 119:60 Pr 27:1 Ec 9:10 Ac 16:3 # Ro 2:25-29 4:9-12 1Co 7:18,19 Ga 5:6 6:15 # 1,17 12:4 Ro 4:11,19,20 Not only the Jews, but the Arabs, who are the descendants of Ishmael, retain the rite of circumcision to this day; and the latter perform it, as the other Mahometanus also do, at the age of thirteen. # 25 # 12:4 22:3,4 Ps 119:60 * circumcised. # 18:19 1 The Lord appears to Abraham, who entertains angels. 9 Sarah is reproved for laughing at the promise of a son. 16 The destruction of Sodom is revealed to Abraham. 23 Abraham makes intercession for the inhabitants. * appeared. # 15:1 17:1-3,22 26:2 48:3 Ex 4:1 2Ch 1:7 Ac 7:2 * Mamre. # 13:18 14:13 * and he sat. In these verses we have a delightful picture of genuine and primitive hospitality: a venerable father sits at the tent door, not only to enjoy the current of refreshing air, but that if he saw any weary and exhausted travellers, he might invite them to rest and refresh themselves during the heat of the day, and the same custom still continues in the east. It was not the custom, nor was there any necessity, for strangers to knock at the door, or to speak first, but to stand till they were invited. * And he. # Jud 13:3,9 Heb 13:2 * three. # 22 19:1 Heb 13:2 1Pe 4:9 * he ran. # Ro 12:13 * bowed. # 23:7 33:3-7 43:26,28 44:14 Ru 2:10 2Ki 2:15 * favour. # 32:5 * wash your feet. In those ancient times, shoes such as ours, were not in use; and the foot was protected only with sandals or soles, fastened round the foot with straps. It was, therefore, not only necessary from motives of cleanliness, but also a very great refreshment, in so hot a country, to get the feet washed at the end of a day's journey; and this is the first thing that Abraham proposes. # 19:2 24:32 43:24 1Sa 25:41 Lu 7:44 Joh 13:5-15 1Ti 5:10 * tree. Rest in the shade was the second requisite for the refreshment of a weary traveller. * And I. # Jud 6:18 13:15 Mt 6:11 * bread. This was the third requisite, and is introduced in its proper order; as eating immediately after exertion or fatigue is very unwholesome. * comfort. Heb. stay. # Jud 19:5 Ps 104:15 Isa 3:1 * are ye come. Heb. ye have passed. # 19:8 33:10 * Make ready quickly. Heb. hasten. three. # Isa 32:8 Mt 13:33 Lu 10:38-40 Ac 16:15 Ro 12:13 Ga 5:13 # Heb 13:2 1Pe 4:9 # 19:3 Jud 13:15,16 Am 6:4 Mal 1:14 Mt 22:4 Lu 15:23,27,30 * he took. # 19:3 De 32:14 Jud 5:25 * stood. # Ne 12:44 Lu 12:37 17:8 Joh 12:2 Ga 5:13 Re 3:20 * and they. # 19:3 Jud 13:15 Lu 24:30,43 Ac 10:41 * Where. # 4:9 * in. # 24:67 31:33 Tit 2:5 * he said. # 13,14 16:10 22:15,16 * according. # 17:21 21:2 2Ki 4:16,17 * lo, Sarah. # 17:16,19,21 21:2 Jud 13:3-5 Lu 1:13 Ro 9:8,9 Ga 4:23,28 * old. # 17:17,24 Lu 1:7,18,36 Ro 4:18-21 Heb 11:11,12,19 * the. # 31:35 Le 15:19 * laughed. # 13 17:17 21:6,7 Ps 126:2 Lu 1:18-20,34,35 Heb 11:11,12 * my. # Eph 5:33 1Pe 3:6 * Wherefore. # Joh 2:25 * Is. # Nu 11:23 De 7:21 1Sa 14:6 2Ki 7:1,2 Job 36:5 42:2 Ps 93:1 95:3 # Jer 32:17 Mic 7:18 Zec 8:6 Mt 3:9 14:31 19:26 Mr 10:27 # Lu 1:13,37 8:50 Eph 3:20 Php 3:21 4:13 Heb 11:19 * I will. # 10 17:21 De 30:3 2Ki 4:16 Ps 90:13 Mic 7:18 Lu 1:13,18 * denied. # 4:9 12:13 Job 2:10 Pr 28:13 Joh 18:17,25-27 Eph 4:23 Col 3:9 # 1Jo 1:8 * Nay. # Ps 44:21 Pr 12:19 Mr 2:8 Joh 2:25 Ro 3:19 * to bring. # Ac 15:3 20:38 21:5 Ro 15:24 3Jo 1:6 # 2Ki 4:27 2Ch 20:7 Ps 25:14 Am 3:7 Joh 15:15 Jas 2:23 * become. See on ch. # 12:2,3 22:17,18 26:4 Ps 72:17 Ac 3:25,26 Ga 3:8,14 Eph 1:3 * For I. # 2Sa 7:20 Ps 1:6 11:4 34:15 Joh 10:14 21:17 2Ti 2:19 * command. # 17:23-27 De 4:9,10 6:6,7 11:19-21 32:46 Jos 24:15 1Ch 28:9 # Job 1:5 Ps 78:2-9 Pr 6:20-22 22:6 Isa 38:19 Eph 6:4 1Ti 3:4 # 1Ti 3:5,12 2Ti 1:5 3:15 * that the. # 1Sa 2:30,31 Ac 27:23,24,31 * the cry. # 4:10 19:13 Isa 3:9 5:7 Jer 14:7 Jas 5:4 * sin. # 13:13 * I will go down. This is spoken figuratively; and as the Jewish writers speak, according to the language of men. So eyes, ears, hands, and other members of the body are attributed to God, for effecting those things which men cannot accomplish without these members. # 11:5,7 Ex 3:8 33:5 Mic 1:3 Joh 6:38 1Th 4:16 * see. # Job 34:22 Ps 90:8 Jer 17:1,10 Zep 1:12 Heb 4:13 * I will know. # Ex 33:5 De 8:2 13:3 Jos 22:22 Ps 139:1-24 Lu 16:15 2Co 11:11 * the men. # 2 19:1 * stood. The two, whom we suppose to have been created angels, departed at this time; and accordingly two entered Sodom at evening: while the one, called Jehovah throughout the chapter, continued with Abraham, who "stood yet before the Lord." --Scott. # 1 Ps 106:23 Jer 15:1 18:20 Eze 22:30 Ac 7:55 1Ti 2:1 * drew. # Ps 73:28 Jer 30:21 Heb 10:22 Jas 5:17 * Wilt. # 25 20:4 Nu 16:22 2Sa 24:17 Job 8:3 34:17 Ps 11:4-7 Ro 3:5,6 * there. # 32 Isa 1:9 Jer 5:1 Mt 7:13,14 * spare. # Ac 27:24 * be far. # Jer 12:1 * that the. # Job 8:20 9:22,23 Ec 7:15 8:12,13 Isa 3:10,11 57:1,2 Mal 3:18 * Shall. # De 32:4 Job 8:3 34:17-19 Ps 11:5-7 58:11 94:2 98:9 Ro 3:6 * Judge. # Joh 5:22-27 2Co 5:10 # Isa 6:13 10:22 19:24 65:8 Jer 5:1 Eze 22:30 Mt 24:22 * I have. # 30-32 Ezr 9:6 Job 42:6-8 Isa 6:5 Lu 18:1 * dust. # 2:7 3:19 Job 4:19 Ps 8:4 144:3 Ec 12:7 Isa 6:5 64:8 Lu 5:8 # 1Co 15:47,48 2Co 5:1,2 * wilt. # Nu 14:17-19 1Ki 20:32,33 Job 23:3,4 * If I. # 26,29 # Eph 6:18 Heb 4:16 # 44:18 Jud 6:39 Es 4:11-16 Job 40:4 Ps 9:12 10:17 89:7 Isa 6:5 # Isa 55:8,9 Heb 12:28,29 # 27 Mt 7:7,11 Lu 11:8 18:1 Eph 6:18 Heb 4:16 10:20-22 * Oh. # 30 Jud 6:39 Pr 15:8 Isa 42:6,7 Jas 5:15-17 1Jo 5:15,16 * I will not. # Ex 32:9,10,14 33:13,14 34:6,7,9,10 Nu 14:11-20 Job 33:23 # Ps 86:5 Isa 65:8 Mic 7:18 Mt 7:7 Eph 3:20 Jas 5:16 * And the. # 16,22 32:26 * and Abraham. # 31:55 1 Lot entertains two angels. 4 The vicious Sodomites are smitten with blindness. 12 Lot is warned, and in vain warns his sons-in-law. 15 He is directed to flee with his family to the mountains, but obtains leave to go into Zoar. 24 Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed. 26 Lot's wife becomes a pillar of salt. 29 Lot dwells in a cave. 31 The incestuous origin of Moab and Ammon. And there came two angels. Or, rather, 'the two angels came,' referring to those mentioned in the preceding chapter, and there called 'men.' It seems, (from ch. 18, ver. 22,) that these two angels were sent to Sodom, while the third, who was the Lord or Jehovah, remained with Abraham. # 18:1-3,22 * rose. # 18:1-5 Job 31:32 Heb 13:2 * bowed. # 18:2 * turn. # Heb 13:2 * wash. # 18:4 * Nay. Instead of lo, nay, some MSS. have lo, to him. 'And they said unto him, for we lodge in the street;' where, nevertheless, the negation is understood. Knowing the disposition of the inhabitants, and appearing in the character of mere travellers, they preferred the open street to any house; but not yet willing to make themselves known, as Lot pressed them vehemently, and as they knew him to be a righteous man, they consented to take shelter under his hospitable roof. # Jud 19:17-21 Lu 24:28,29 Ac 16:15 * pressed. # 2Ki 4:8 Lu 11:8 14:23 24:28,29 2Co 5:14 * a feast. # 18:6-8 21:8 Lu 5:29 Joh 12:2 Heb 13:2 * unleavened. # 18:6 Ex 12:15,39 Jud 6:19 1Sa 28:24 1Co 5:8 * But. # Pr 4:16 6:18 Mic 7:3 Ro 3:15 * all. # 13:13 18:20 Ex 16:2 23:2 Jer 5:1-6,31 Mt 27:20-25 # Le 18:22 20:13 Jud 19:22 Isa 1:9 3:9 Jer 3:3 6:15 Eze 16:49,51 # Mt 11:23,24 Ro 1:23,24,26,27 1Co 6:9 1Ti 1:10 2Ti 3:13 Jude 1:7 * Lot. # Jud 19:23 * door. Two words are here used for door: the first pethach, which is the door-way, at which Lot went out; the latter, deleth, the leaf of the door, which he shut after him when out. # 4 Le 18:22 20:13 De 23:17 Jud 19:23 1Sa 30:23,24 Ac 17:26 # Ro 1:24 1Co 6:9-11 Jude 1:7 * I have. # Ex 32:22 * let. # 31-38 42:37 Jud 19:24 Mr 9:6 Ro 3:8 * therefore. # 18:5 Jud 9:15 Isa 58:7 * Stand. # 1Sa 17:44 25:17 Pr 9:7,8 Isa 65:5 Jer 3:3 6:15 8:12 Mt 7:6 * This. # 13:12 Ex 2:14 Ac 7:26-28 2Pe 2:7,8 * pressed. # 11:6 1Sa 2:16 Pr 14:16 17:12 27:3 Ec 9:3 10:13 Da 3:19-22 # 10 * with blindness. The word sanverim, rendered 'blindness,' and which occurs only here, and in 2 Ki. 6:18, is supposed to denote dazzlings, deceptions, or confusions of sight from excessive light; being derived by Schultens, who is followed by Parkhurst, from the Arabic sana, to pour forth, diffuse, and nor, light. Dr. Geddes, to the same purpose, thinks it is compounded of the Arabic sana, which signifies a flash, and or, light. The Targums, in both places where it occurs, render it by eruptions, or flashes of light, or as Mercer, in Robertson, explains the Chaldee word, irradiations. # 2Ki 6:18 Ac 13:11 * that they. # Ec 10:15 Isa 57:10 Jer 2:36 * Hast. # 7:1 Nu 16:26 Jos 6:22,23 Jer 32:39 2Pe 2:7,9 * son. # 14,17,22 Re 18:4 * cry. # 13:13 18:20 Jas 5:4 * Lord hath. # 1Ch 21:15,16 Ps 11:5,6 Isa 3:11 36:10 37:36 Eze 9:5,6 # Mt 13:41,42,49,50 Ac 12:23 Ro 3:8,9 Jude 1:7 Re 16:1-12 * which. # Mt 1:18 * Up. # 17,22 Nu 16:21,26,45 Jer 51:6 Lu 9:42 Re 18:4-8 * as one. # Ex 9:21 12:31 2Ch 30:10 36:16 Pr 29:1 Isa 28:22 Jer 5:12-14 # Jer 20:7 Eze 20:49 Mt 9:24 Lu 17:28-30 24:11 Ac 17:32 1Th 5:3 * hastened. # 17,22 Nu 16:24-27 Pr 6:4,5 Lu 13:24,25 2Co 6:2 Heb 3:7,8 # Re 18:4 * are here. Heb. are found. iniquity. or, punishment. * lingered. # Ps 119:60 Joh 6:44 * the Lord. # Ex 34:6 Nu 14:18 De 4:31 1Ch 16:34 Ps 34:12 86:5,15 103:8-10 # Ps 103:13 106:1,8 107:1 111:4 118:1 136:1 Isa 63:9 La 3:22 # Mic 7:18,19 Lu 6:35,36 18:13 Ro 9:15,16,18 2Co 1:3 Eph 2:4,5 # Tit 3:5 * brought. # Jos 6:22 2Pe 2:9 * he said. # 18:22 * Escape. # 14,15,22 1Sa 19:11 1Ki 19:3 Ps 121:1 Mt 3:7 24:16-18 Heb 2:3 * look. # 26 Lu 9:62 17:31,32 Php 3:13,14 # 32:26 2Ki 5:11,12 Isa 45:11 Joh 13:6-8 Ac 9:13 10:14 * and thou. # Ps 18:1-50 40:1-17 103:1-22 106:1-107:43 116:1-19 1Ti 1:14-16 * lest some. # 12:13 De 31:17 1Sa 27:1 1Ki 9:9 Ps 77:7-11 116:11 Mt 8:25,26 # Mr 9:19 Ro 8:31 * this. # 30 Pr 3:5-7 Am 3:6 * and my. # 12:13 Ps 119:175 Isa 55:3 * See, I. # 4:7 Job 42:8,9 Ps 34:15 102:17 145:19 Jer 14:10 Mt 12:20 # Lu 11:8 Heb 2:17 4:15,16 * thee. Heb. thy face. that. # 12:2 18:24 * for. # 32:25-28 Ex 32:10 De 9:14 Ps 91:1-10 Isa 65:8 Mr 6:5 2Ti 2:13 # Tit 1:2 * called. # 13:10 14:2 Isa 15:5 Jer 48:34 * Zoar. i.e., little. # 20 * risen. Heb. gone forth. # 23 * the Lord. # De 29:23 Job 18:15 Ps 11:6 Isa 1:9 13:19 Jer 20:16 49:18 50:40 # La 4:6 Eze 16:49,50 Ho 11:8 Am 4:11 Zep 2:9 Mt 11:23,24 # Lu 17:28,29 2Pe 2:6 Jude 1:7 * brimstone. The word rendered 'brimstone,' (q. d. brennestone, or brinnestone, id est burning-stone,) is always rendered by the LXX. 'sulphur,' and seems to denote a meteorous inflammable matter. # 13:10 14:3 Ps 107:34 * looked. This unhappy woman, says the Rev. T. Scott, 'looked back,' contrary to God's express command, perhaps with a hope of returning, which latter supposition is favoured by our Lord's words, 'Let him not return back: remember Lot's wife.' She was, therefore, instantaneously struck dead and petrified, and thus remained to after ages a visible monument of the Divine displeasure. # 17 Pr 14:14 Lu 17:31,32 Heb 10:38 * and. # Nu 16:38 * early. # Ps 5:3 * to the. # 18:22-33 Eze 16:49,50 Hab 2:1 Heb 2:1 # Ps 107:34 2Pe 2:7 Jude 1:7 Re 14:10,11 18:9,18 19:3 21:8 * that God. # 8:1 12:2 18:23-33 30:22 De 9:5 Ne 13:14,22 Ps 25:7 105:8,42 # Ps 106:4 136:23 145:20 Eze 36:31,32 Ho 11:8 * Lot. # 17-23 * for he. # 49:4 Jer 2:36,37 Jas 1:8 * Zoar. # 13:10 14:22 De 34:3 Isa 15:5 Jer 48:34 * not. # 28 Mr 9:6 * to come. # 4:1 6:4 16:2,4 38:8,9,14-30 De 25:5 Isa 4:1 * Come. # 11:3 * drink. # 9:21 Pr 23:31-33 Hab 2:15,16 * seed. # Le 18:6,7 Mr 12:19 * drink. # Le 18:6,7 Pr 20:1 23:29-35 Hab 2:15,16 # Isa 3:9 Jer 3:3 5:3 6:15 8:12 # Ps 8:4 Pr 24:16 Ec 7:26 Lu 21:34 1Co 10:11,12 1Pe 4:7 # 8 Le 18:6,7 Jud 1:7 1Sa 15:33 Hab 2:15 Mt 7:2 * A.M. 2108. B.C. 1896. Moab. This name is generally interpreted of the father; from mo, of, and av, a father. * Moabites. # Nu 21:29 22:1-41 24:1-25 De 2:9,19 23:3 Jud 3:1-31 Ru 4:10 # 2Sa 8:1-18 2Ki 3:1-27 * Ben-ammi. i.e., Son of my people, from ben, a son, and ammi, my people. * children. # De 2:9,19 23:3 Jud 10:6-18 11:1-40 1Sa 11:1-15 2Sa 10:1-19 # Ne 13:1-3,23-28 Ps 83:4-8 Isa 11:14 Zep 2:9 1 Abraham sojourns at Gerar. 2 Denies his wife, who is taken by Abimelech. 3 Abimelech is reproved for her in a dream. 9 He rebukes Abraham. 14 Restores Sarah; 16 and reproves her. 17 Abimelech and his family are healed at Abraham's prayer. * A.M. cir. 2107. B.C. cir. 1897. from. # 13:1 18:1 24:62 * Kadesh. # 14:7 16:1,7,14 Nu 13:26 20:16 De 1:19 32:51 1Sa 15:7 Ps 29:8 * Gerar. Gerar was a city of Arabia Petraea, under a king of the Philistines, 25 miles from Eleutheropolis beyond Daroma, in the south of Judah. From ch. 10:19, it appears to have been situated in the angle where the south and west sides of Canaan met, and to have been not far from Gaza. Jerome, in his Hebrew Traditions on Genesis, says, from Gerar to Jerusalem was three days' journey. There was a wood near Gerar, spoken of by Theodoret; and a brook, (ch. 26:26,) on which was a monastery, noticed by Sozomen. # 10:19 26:1,6,20,26 2Ch 14:13,14 * said. # 12:11-13 26:7 2Ch 19:2 20:37 32:31 Pr 24:16 Ec 7:20 Ga 2:11,12 # Eph 4:25 Col 3:9 * Abimelech. # 12:15 26:1,16 * a dream. # 28:12 31:24 37:5,9 40:8 41:1 *etc: # Job 4:12,13 33:15 Mt 1:20 2:12,13 27:19 * a dead. # 7 Ps 105:14 Eze 33:14,15 Jon 3:4 * a man's wife. Heb. married to an husband. * had. # 6,18 * wilt. # 17,18 18:23-25 19:24 2Sa 4:11 1Ch 21:17 * in the integrity. or, simplicity, or sincerity. # Jos 22:22 1Ki 9:4 2Ki 20:3 1Ch 29:17 Ps 7:8 25:21 78:72 # Pr 11:3 20:7 2Co 1:12 1Th 2:10 1Ti 1:13 * and innocency. # Job 33:9 Ps 24:4 26:6 73:13 Da 6:22 * withheld. # 18 31:7 35:5 Ex 34:24 1Sa 25:26,34 Ps 84:11 Pr 21:1 Ho 2:6,7 * sinning. # 39:9 Le 6:2 Ps 51:4 81:12 2Th 2:7,11 * to touch. # 3:3 26:11 1Co 7:1 2Co 6:17 * a prophet. The word navi, rendered a prophet, not only signifies one who foretell future events, but also an intercessor, instructor. See 1 Sa. ch. 10. # 1Ki 18:1-46 1Co 14:4 The title was also given to men eminent for eloquence and literary abilities: hence Aaron, because he was the spokesman of Moses to the Egyptian king, is called a prophet. # Ex 4:16 7:1 12:1-3 18:17 7:1 1Ch 16:22 Ps 25:14 105:9-15 # Heb 1:1 * pray. # Le 6:4,7 1Sa 7:5,8 12:19,23 2Sa 24:17 1Ki 13:6 2Ki 5:11 19:2-4 # Job 42:8 Jer 14:11 15:1 27:18 Jas 5:14-16 1Jo 5:16 Re 11:5,6 * surely. # 18 2:17 12:17 Job 34:19 Ps 105:14 Eze 3:18 33:8,14-16 Heb 13:4 * all. # 12:15 Nu 16:32,33 2Sa 24:17 # 8 * What hast. # 12:18 26:10 Ex 32:21,35 Jos 7:25 1Sa 26:18,19 Pr 28:10 * a great. # 38:24 39:9 Le 20:10 2Sa 12:5,10,11 Ro 2:11 Heb 13:4 * ought. # 34:7 2Sa 13:12 Tit 1:11 # 10 * Surely. # 22:12 42:18 Ne 5:15 Job 1:1 28:28 Ps 14:4 36:1-4 Pr 1:7 2:5 # Pr 8:13 16:6 Ro 3:18 * slay. # 12:12 26:7 * And yet. # 11:29 12:13 1Th 5:22 * she is the. Ebn Batrik, in his annals, among other ancient traditions, has preserved the following: 'Terah first married Yona, by whom he had Abraham; afterwards he married Tehevita, by whom he had Sarah.' * God. # 12:1,9,11 *etc: # Ac 7:3-5 Heb 11:8 * This. # 1Sa 23:21 Ps 64:5 Ac 5:9 * say. # 12:13 * took. # 11 12:16 * restored. # 2,7 12:19,20 * my land. # 13:9 34:10 47:6 * where it pleaseth thee. Heb. as is good in thine eyes. * thy. # 5 Pr 27:5 * thousand. What these pieces were is not certain; but it is probable they were shekels, as it is so understood by the Targum; and the LXX. render it didrachma, by which the Hebrew shekel is rendered in ch. 23:15, 16. * behold. Or, 'behold IT (the 1000 shekels) is to thee,' etc. # 26:11 * a covering. # 24:65 * thus. # 1Ch 21:3-6 Pr 9:8,9 12:1 25:12 27:5 Jon 1:6 Re 3:19 # 7 29:31 1Sa 5:11,12 Ezr 6:10 Job 42:9,10 Pr 15:8,29 Isa 45:11 # Mt 7:7 21:22 Ac 3:24 Php 4:6 1Th 5:25 Jas 5:16 # 7 12:17 16:2 30:2 1Sa 1:6 5:10 1 Isaac is born, and circumcised. 6 Sarah's joy. 8 Isaac is weaned. 9 Hagar and Ishmael are cast forth. 15 Hagar in distress. 17 The angel relieves and comforts her. 23 Abimelech's covenant with Abraham at Beer-sheba. * visited. # 50:24 Ex 3:16 4:31 20:5 Ru 1:6 1Sa 2:21 Ps 106:4 Lu 1:68 19:44 # Ro 4:17-20 * Sarah as. # 17:19 18:10,14 Ps 12:6 Mt 24:35 Ga 4:23,28 Tit 1:2 * conceived. # 2Ki 4:16,17 Lu 1:24,25,36 Ac 7:8 Ga 4:22 Heb 11:11 * at the set. # 17:19,21 18:10,14 Ro 9:9 # 6,12 17:19 22:2 Jos 24:3 Mt 1:2 Ac 7:8 Ro 9:7 Heb 11:18 # 17:10-12 Ex 12:48 Le 12:3 De 12:32 Lu 1:6,59 2:21 Joh 7:22,23 # Ac 7:8 # 17:1,17 Ro 4:19 * God. # 17:17 18:12-15 1Sa 1:26-28 2:1-10 Ps 113:9 126:2 Isa 49:15,21 # Isa 54:1 Lu 1:46-55 Joh 16:21,22 Ga 4:27,28 Heb 11:11 * to laugh. Sarah most likely remembered the circumstance mentioned in ch. 18:12; and also the name Isaac, which implies laughter. * will laugh. # Lu 1:14,58 Ro 12:15 * Who. # Nu 23:23 De 4:32-34 Ps 86:8,10 Isa 49:21 66:8 Eph 3:10 # 2Th 1:10 * for I. # 18:11,12 * A.M. 2111. B.C. 1893. and was. # 1Sa 1:22 Ps 131:2 Ho 1:8 * feast. # 19:3 26:30 29:22 40:20 Jud 14:10,12 1Sa 25:36 2Sa 3:20 # 1Ki 3:15 Es 1:3 * Sarah. # 16:3-6,15 17:20 * Egyptian. # 16:1,15 * mocking. # 2Ki 2:23,24 2Ch 30:10 36:16 Ne 4:1-5 Job 30:1 Ps 22:6 42:10 # Ps 44:13,14 Pr 20:11 La 1:7 Ga 4:22,29 Heb 11:36 * Cast out. The word rendered 'cast out,' signifies also to divorce. See Le. 21:7. In this latter sense, it may be understood here. # 25:6,19 17:19,21 20:11 22:10 36:6,7 Mt 8:11,12 22:13 Joh 8:35 # Ga 4:22-31 1Jo 2:19 * heir. # Joh 8:35 Ga 3:18 4:7 1Pe 1:4 1Jo 2:19 * because. # 17:18 22:1,2 2Sa 18:33 Mt 10:37 Heb 12:11 * hearken. # 1Sa 8:7,9 Isa 46:10 * in Isaac. # 17:19,21 Ro 9:7,8 Heb 11:18 # 18 16:10 17:20 25:12-18 * A.M. 2112. B.C. 1892. rose up. # 19:27 22:3 24:54 26:31 Ps 119:60 Pr 27:14 Ec 9:10 * took. # 25:6 36:6,7 * child. Or, youth, (see ver. 12, 20,) as Ishmael was now 16 or 17 years of age. * sent. # Joh 8:35 * wandered. # 16:7 37:15 Ps 107:4 Isa 16:8 Ga 4:23-25 * Beer-sheba. So called when Moses wrote; but not before Abraham's covenant with Abimelech, ver. 31. Such instances of the figure prolepsis are not infrequent in the Pentateuch. # 33 22:19 26:33 46:1 1Ki 19:3 * the water. # 14 Ex 15:22-25 17:1-3 2Ki 3:9 Ps 63:1 Isa 44:12 Jer 14:3 * and she cast the child. Or, 'and she sent the lad,' to screen him from the intensity of the heat. * Let. # 44:34 1Ki 3:26 Es 8:6 Isa 49:15 Zec 12:10 Lu 15:20 * lift. # 27:38 29:11 Jud 2:4 Ru 1:9 1Sa 24:16 30:4 * heard. # 16:11 Ex 3:7 22:23,27 2Ki 13:4,23 Ps 50:15 65:2 91:15 Mt 15:32 * the angel. See on ch. # 16:9,11 * What. # Jud 18:23 1Sa 11:5 Isa 22:1 * fear. # 15:1 46:3 Ex 14:13 Ps 107:4-6 Isa 41:10,13,14 43:1,2 Mr 5:36 * I will. # 13 16:10 17:20 25:12-18 1Ch 1:29-31 # Nu 22:31 2Ki 6:17-20 Isa 35:5,6 Lu 24:16-31 * God. # 17:20 28:15 39:2,3,21 Jud 6:12 13:24,25 Lu 1:80 2:40 * an archer. # 10:9 16:12 25:27 27:3 49:23,24 * in the. # Nu 10:12 12:16 13:3,26 1Sa 25:1 * a wife. # 24:3,4 26:34,35 27:46 28:1,2 Jud 14:2 1Co 7:38 * A.M. 2118. B.C. 1886. Abimelech. # 20:2 26:26 * God. # 20:17 26:28 28:15 30:27 39:2,3 Jos 3:7 2Ch 1:1 Isa 8:10 45:14 # Zec 8:23 Mt 1:23 Ro 8:31 1Co 14:25 Heb 13:5 Re 3:9 * swear. # 14:22,23 24:3 26:28 31:44,53 De 6:13 Jos 2:12 1Sa 20:13,17,42 # 1Sa 24:21,22 30:15 Jer 4:2 2Co 1:23 Heb 6:16 * that thou wilt not deal falsely with me. Heb. if thou shalt lie unto me. I have. ch. # 20:14 # 14:13 Ro 12:18 Heb 6:16 * reproved. # 26:15-22 29:8 Ex 2:15-17 Jud 1:15 Pr 17:10 25:9 27:5 Mt 18:15 * because. Wells of water were of great consequence in those hot countries, especially where the flocks were numerous; because water was scarce, and digging to find it was attended with the expense of much time and labour. * servants. # 13:7 26:15-22 Ex 2:16,17 * I wot. 'Wot,' though used for the present, is the past tense of the almost obsolete word 'to wit,' from the Saxon witan, to know. # 13:7 2Ki 5:20-24 * took. # 14:22,23 Pr 17:8 18:16,24 21:14 Isa 32:8 * made. # 26:28-31 31:44 1Sa 18:3 Eze 17:13 Ro 1:31 Ga 3:15 # 28 # 33:8 Ex 12:26 1Sa 15:14 * a witness. # 31:44-48,52 Jos 22:27,28 24:27 * called. # 26:33 * Beer-sheba. i.e., the well of the oath, or the well of the seven: alluding to the seven ewe lambs. The verb rendered 'to swear' is derived from the word translated seven. # 14 26:23 Jos 15:28 Jud 20:1 2Sa 17:11 1Ki 4:25 # 27 14:13 31:53 1Sa 18:3 * the Philistines. # 10:14 26:8,14 Ex 13:17 Jud 13:1 * grove. or, tree. # Am 8:14 * The original word eshel, has been variously translated a grove, a plantation, an orchard, a cultivated field, and an oak; but it may denote a kind of tamarisk, as it is rendered by Gesenius, the same with the Arabic athl. * Beer-sheba. # De 16:21 Jud 3:7 * called. # 4:26 12:8 26:23,25,33 * on the name. Dr. Shuckford justly contends, that the expression rendered, 'he called on the name,' signifies 'he invoked in the name.' * everlasting. # De 33:27 Ps 90:2 Isa 40:28 57:15 Jer 10:10 Ro 1:20 16:26 # 1Ti 1:17 # 20:1 1Ch 29:15 Ps 39:12 Heb 11:9,13 1Pe 2:11 1 Abraham is tempted to offer Isaac. 3 He gives proof of his faith and obedience. 11 The angel prevents him. 13 Isaac is exchanged for a ram. 14 The place is called Jehovah-jireh. 15 Abraham is again blessed. 20 The generations of Nahor unto Rebekah. * A.M. 2132. B.C. 1872. Jos. Ant. God. # Ex 15:25,26 16:4 De 8:2 13:3 Jud 2:22 2Sa 24:1 2Ch 32:31 # Pr 17:3 1Co 10:13 Heb 11:17 Jas 1:12-14 2:21 1Pe 1:7 * tempt. Or prove, or try, as tempt, from tento, originally signified. * Behold, here I am. Heb. Behold me. # 7,11 Ex 3:4 Isa 6:8 * Take. # 17:19 21:12 Joh 3:16 Ro 5:8 8:32 Heb 11:17 1Jo 4:9,10 * Moriah. # 2Ch 3:1 * and offer. # Jud 11:31,39 2Ki 3:27 Mic 6:7 # 17:23 21:14 Ps 119:60 Ec 9:10 Isa 26:3,4 Mt 10:37 Mr 10:28-31 # Lu 14:26 Ga 1:16 Heb 11:8,17-19 * third. # Ex 5:3 15:22 19:11,15 Le 7:17 Nu 10:33 19:12,19 31:19 Jos 1:11 # 2Ki 20:5 Es 5:1 Ho 6:2 Mt 17:23 Lu 13:32 1Co 15:4 * saw. # 1Sa 26:13 * Abide. # Heb 12:1 * come. # Heb 11:19 * laid it. # Isa 53:6 Mt 8:17 Lu 24:26,27 Joh 19:17 1Pe 2:24 * My father. # Mt 26:39,42 Joh 18:11 Ro 8:15 * Here am I. Heb. Behold me. # 1 * but. # 4:2-4 8:20 * lamb. or, kid. # Ex 12:3 # 18:14 2Ch 25:9 Mt 19:26 Joh 1:29,36 1Pe 1:19,20 Re 5:6,12 # Re 7:14 13:8 * place. # 2-4 Mt 21:1-46 26:1-27:66 * built. # 8:20 * bound. # Ps 118:27 Isa 53:4-10 Mt 27:2 Mr 15:1 Joh 10:17,18 Ac 8:32 # Ga 3:13 Eph 5:2 Php 2:7,8 Heb 9:28 1Pe 2:24 # Isa 53:6-12 Heb 11:17-19 Jas 2:21-23 * angel. # 12,16 16:7,9,10 21:17 * Abraham. # 1 Ex 3:4 1Sa 3:10 Ac 9:4 26:14 * Lay. # 1Sa 15:22 Job 5:19 Jer 19:5 Mic 6:6-8 1Co 10:13 2Co 8:12 # Heb 11:19 * now. # 20:11 26:5 42:18 Ex 20:20 1Sa 12:24,25 15:22 Ne 5:15 # Job 28:28 Ps 1:6 2:11 25:12,14 111:10 112:1 147:11 Pr 1:7 # Ec 8:12,13 12:13 Jer 32:40 Mal 4:2 Mt 5:16 10:37,38 16:24 # Mt 19:29 Ac 9:31 Heb 12:28 Jas 2:18,21,22 Re 19:5 * seeing. # Joh 3:16 Ro 5:8 8:32 1Jo 4:9,10 * behind. # 8 Ps 40:6-8 89:19,20 Isa 30:21 1Co 10:13 2Co 1:9,10 * in the. # 1Co 5:7,8 1Pe 1:19,20 * called. # 16:13,14 28:19 32:30 Ex 17:15 Jud 6:24 1Sa 7:12 Eze 48:35 * Jehovah-jireh. i.e., The Lord will see, or provide. # 8,13 Ex 17:15 * In. # De 32:36 Ps 22:4,5 Da 3:17 *etc: # Mic 4:10 Joh 1:14 2Co 1:8-10 1Ti 3:16 * it shall be seen. 'In the mount of the Lord it shall be provided.' The meaning is, that God, in the greatest difficulties, when all human assistance is vain, will make a suitable provision for the deliverance of those who trust in Him. # 11 # 12:2 Ps 105:9 Isa 45:23 Jer 49:13 51:14 Am 6:8 Lu 1:73 # Ro 4:13,14 Heb 6:13,14 * in blessing. # 12:2 27:28,29 28:3,14 *etc: # 49:25,26 De 28:2-13 Eph 1:3 * I will multiply. See on ch. # 13:16 15:5 17:6 26:4 De 1:10 Jer 33:22 * shore. Heb. lip. # 1Ki 9:26 * thy seed. # 24:60 Nu 24:17-19 De 21:19 Jos 1:1-10:43 2Sa 8:1-18 10:1-19 # Ps 2:8,9 72:8,9 Jer 32:22 Da 2:44,45 Mic 1:9 Lu 1:68-75 # 1Co 15:57 Re 11:15 * And in. See on ch. # 12:3 18:18 26:4 Ps 72:17 Ac 3:25 Ro 1:3 Ga 3:8,9,16,18,28,29 # Eph 1:3 * obeyed. # 3,10 26:5 1Sa 2:30 Jer 7:23 Heb 11:1-40 * So Abraham. # 5 * to Beer-sheba. # 21:31 Jos 15:28 Jud 20:1 * A.M. 2142. B.C. 1862. told. # Pr 25:25 * Milcah. # 11:29 24:15,24 * Nahor. # 11:26 24:10,24 31:53 * Huz. # Job 1:1 * Uz. Buz. # Job 32:2 * Kemuel. Kemuel might have given name to the Kamilites, a people of Syria, mentioned by Strabo, to the west of the Euphrates. * Aram. Syrians. # 24:10 Nu 23:7 Ps 60:1-12 *title # 22 * Bethuel. # 24:15,24,47 25:20 28:2,5 * Rebekah. # 24:51,60,67 Ro 9:10 * Rebecca. * concubine. # 16:3 25:6 Pr 15:25 * Maachah. He may have been the father of the Macetes, in Arabia Felix: there is a city called Maca towards the straits of Ormus. 1 The age and death of Sarah. 3 The purchase of the field and cave of Machpelah; 19 where Sarah is buried. * A.M. 2144. B.C. 1860. Sarah. It is worthy of remark, that Sarah is the only woman whose age, death, and burial are distinctly noted in the Sacred writings. * an. # 17:17 * Kirjath-arba. # 19 13:18 Nu 13:22 Jos 10:39 14:14,15 20:7 Jud 1:10 1Sa 20:31 # 2Sa 2:11 5:3,5 1Ch 6:57 * came. For the convenience of feeding his numerous flocks, Abraham had several places of temporary residence; and it is likely, that while he sojourned at Beer-sheba, as we find he did from ver. 19 of the preceding chapter, Sarah died at Hebron, which was 24 miles distant. * mourn. # 27:41 50:10 Nu 20:29 De 34:8 1Sa 28:3 2Sa 1:12,17 2Ch 35:25 # Jer 22:10,18 Eze 24:16-18 Joh 11:31,35 Ac 8:2 * Heth. # 5,7 10:15 25:10 27:46 49:30 1Sa 26:6 2Sa 23:39 * stranger. # 17:8 47:9 Le 25:23 1Ch 29:15 Ps 39:12 105:12,13 119:19 # Heb 11:9,13-16 1Pe 2:11 * buryingplace. # 3:19 49:30 50:13 Job 30:23 Ec 6:3 12:5,7 Ac 7:5 * bury. # 19 # 5 * my lord. # 18:12 24:18,35 31:35 32:4,5,18 42:10 44:5,8 Ex 32:22 Ru 2:13 * a mighty prince. Heb. a prince of God. # 21:22 Isa 45:14 1Jo 3:1,2 * prince. # 13:2 14:14 24:35 # 18:2 19:1 Pr 18:24 Ro 12:17,18 Heb 12:14 1Pe 3:8 * intreat. # 1Ki 2:17 Lu 7:3,4 Heb 7:26 1Jo 2:1,2 * much money. Heb. full money. # Ro 12:17 13:8 * dwelt. Or, sitting (as the word frequently denotes) among the children of Heth, at the gate of the city, where all public business was transacted. Ephron, though a chief man, might have been personally unknown to Abraham; but now he answers for himself, making a free tender of the field and cave to Abraham, in the presence of all the people, which amounted to a legal conveyance to the Patriarch. * audience. Heb. ears. all that. # 18 34:20,24 Ru 4:1-4 Job 29:7 Isa 28:6 * his. # 24:10 Mt 9:1 Lu 2:3,4 * my lord. # 6 2Sa 24:20-24 1Ch 21:22-24 Isa 32:8 * in the. # 18 Nu 35:30 De 17:6 19:15 Ru 4:1,4,9,11 Jer 32:7-12 Lu 19:24 * See # 7 18:2 19:1 * I will. # 14:22,23 2Sa 24:24 Ac 20:35 Ro 13:8 Php 4:5-8 Col 4:5 Heb 13:5 # 14 * is worth. Though the words 'is worth' are not in the Text, yet they are clearly implied, to adapt the Hebrew to the English idiom. A shekel, according to the general opinion, was equal in value to about 2s. 6d. of our money, but according to Dr. Prideaux, 3s. English. In those early times, money was given in weight; for it is said (ver. 16.) that 'Abraham weighed,' wayishkal, the silver; and hence, we find that it was a certain weight which afterwards passed as a current coin; for the word shekel is not only used to denote a piece of sliver, but also to weigh. * shekels. # Ex 30:15 Eze 45:12 * weighed. # 43:21 Ezr 8:25-30 Job 28:15 Jer 32:9 Zec 11:12 Mt 7:12 Ro 13:8 # Php 4:8 1Th 4:6 * four. # 15 Ex 30:13 Eze 45:12 * the field. # 20 25:9 49:30-32 50:13 Ac 7:16 * made sure. # 20 Ru 4:7-10 Ps 112:5 Jer 32:7-14 Mt 10:16 Eph 5:15 Col 4:5 * all. # 34:20 Ru 4:1 Jer 32:12 # 3:19 25:9,10 35:27-29 47:30 49:29-32 50:13,25 Job 30:23 Ec 6:3 # Ec 12:5,7 * were. # Ru 4:7-10 2Sa 24:24 Jer 32:10,11 * for a. # 25:9 49:31,32 50:5,13,24,25 2Ki 21:18 1 Abraham swears his servant. 10 The servant's journey. 12 His prayer. 14 His sign. 15 Rebekah meets him; 18 fulfils his sign; 22 receives jewels; 23 shows her kindred; 25 and invites him home. 26 The servant blesses God. 29 Laban entertains him. 34 The servant shows his message. 50 Laban and Bethuel approve it. 58 Rebekah consents to go, and departs. 62 Isaac meets and marries her. * was old. # 18:11 21:5 25:20 1Ki 1:1 Lu 1:7 * well stricken in age. Heb. gone into days. blessed. # 35 # 12:2 13:2 49:25 Ps 112:1-3 Pr 10:22 Isa 51:2 Mt 6:33 Ga 3:9 # Eph 1:3 1Ti 4:8 * eldest. # 15:2 1Ti 5:17 * ruled. # 10 39:4-6,8,9 44:1 * Put. # 9 47:29 1Ch 29:24 * swear. # 21:23 26:28-31 31:44-53 50:25 Ex 20:7 22:11 23:13 Le 19:12 # Nu 5:21 De 6:13 10:20 Jos 2:12 1Sa 20:17 Ne 13:25 Isa 45:23 # Isa 48:1 65:16 Jer 4:2 12:16 Zep 1:5 Heb 6:16 * the. # 14:22 2Ki 19:15 2Ch 2:12 Ne 9:6 Ps 115:15 Jer 10:11 * that. # 6:2,4 26:34,35 27:46 28:1,2,8 Ex 34:16 De 7:3,4 1Co 7:39 # 2Co 6:14-17 * to my kindred. # 11:25 *etc: # 12:1,7 22:20-23 28:2 * There does not appear in all this concern the least taint of worldly policy, or any of those motives which usually govern men in the settlement of their children. No mention is made of riches, or honours, or natural accomplishments, but merely of what related to God.--Fuller. * Peradventure. # 58 Ex 20:7 9:2 Pr 13:16 Jer 4:2 # Ga 5:1 Heb 10:39 11:9,13-16 2Pe 2:20-22 * Lord. # Ezr 1:2 Da 2:44 Jon 1:9 Re 11:13 * took. # 12:1-7 * which spake. # 13:15 15:18 17:8 22:16-18 26:3,4,24 Ex 13:5 32:13 Nu 14:16,30 # Nu 32:11 De 1:8 34:4 Jos 1:6 Jud 2:1 Ac 7:5 Heb 11:9 * angel. # Ex 23:20-23 33:2 Ps 32:8 34:7 73:24 103:20 Pr 3:5,6 Isa 63:9 # Heb 1:14 * clear. # Nu 30:5,8 Jos 2:17-20 9:20 Joh 8:32 * only. # 4,5,6 Ac 7:2 # 2 * for. or, and. all the. # 2 39:4-6,8,9,22,23 * Mesopotamia. # De 23:4 Jud 3:8-10 1Ch 19:6 Ac 2:9 * city. # 11:31 27:43 29:1,4,5 * kneel. # 33:13,14 Pr 12:10 * women go out to draw water. Heb. women which draw water go forth. ver. # 13-20 Ex 2:16 1Sa 9:11 Joh 4:7 * O Lord. # 27 15:1 17:7,8 26:24 28:13 31:42 32:9 Ex 3:6,15 1Ki 18:36 # 2Ki 2:14 Mt 22:32 * I pray. # 27:10 43:14 Ne 1:11 2:4 Ps 37:5 90:16,17 118:25 122:6 127:1 # Pr 3:6 Php 4:6 1Th 3:10,11 * I stand. # 43 Ps 37:5 Pr 3:6 * daughters. # 11 29:9,10 Ex 2:16 Jud 5:11 1Sa 9:11 Joh 4:7 * And let. # Jud 6:17,37 1Sa 14:9 * she that. # 44 Pr 19:14 * thereby. # 15:8 Ex 4:1-9 Jud 6:17,37 7:13-15 18:5 1Sa 6:7-9 10:2-10 # 1Sa 14:8,10 20:7 2Sa 5:24 20:9 2Ki 20:8-11 Isa 7:11 Ro 1:10 * before. # 45 Jud 6:36-40 Ps 34:15 65:2 145:18,19 Isa 58:9 65:24 # Da 9:20-23 * Rebekah. # 24 22:20-23 * Milcah. # 11:27,29 22:23 * pitcher. # 21:14 29:9 Ex 2:16 Ru 2:2,17 Pr 31:27 * fair to look upon. Heb. good of countenance. # 26:7 39:6 * known. # 4:1 Nu 31:17,18 So 5:2 * Let. # 1Ki 17:10 Joh 4:7,9 * water of. # 26:1-35 Isa 21:14 30:25 35:6,7 41:17,18 49:10 # Pr 31:26 1Pe 3:8 4:8,9 # 14,45,46 1Pe 4:9 # 20 * wondering at. # 2Sa 7:18-20 Ps 34:1-6 107:1,8,15,43 116:1-7 Lu 2:19,51 * to wit. i.e., 'to know,' or 'to learn.'. * the Lord. # 12,56 * took. # 30 Ex 32:2,3 Es 5:1 Jer 2:32 1Ti 2:9,10 1Pe 3:3,8 * earring. or, jewel for the forehead. # Ex 32:2,3 Isa 3:19-23 Eze 16:11,12 * From the word being in the singular number, it is not likely to have been an ear-ring, or a 'jewel for the forehead,' but 'a jewel for the nose, a nose-ring,' which is in use throughout Arabia and Persia, particularly among young women. It is very properly translated [epirrinon,] 'an ornament for the nose,' by Symmachus; and Sir John Chardin informs us, that 'it is a custom in almost all the East, for the women to wear rings in their noses, in the left nostril, which is bored low down in the middle. These rings are of gold, and have commonly two pearls and one ruby between, placed in the ring. I never saw a girl or young woman in Arabia or in all Persia, who did not wear a ring after this manner in her nostril.' * of half. # 23:15,16 * bracelets. The word rendered 'bracelet,' from a root which signifies 'to join or couple together,' may imply whatever may clasp round the arms and legs; for rings and ornaments are worn round both by females in India and Persia. The small part of the leg, and the whole arm, from the shoulder to the wrist, are generally decorated in this way. As these were given to Rebekah for 'her hands,' it sufficiently distinguishes them from similar ornaments for the ankles. # 23 # 15 11:29 22:20,23 # 18:4-8 Jud 19:19-21 Isa 32:8 1Pe 4:9 # 48,52 22:5 Ex 4:31 12:27 34:8 1Ch 29:20 2Ch 20:18 29:30 Ne 8:6 # Ps 22:29 66:4 72:9 95:6 Mic 6:6 Php 2:10 * Blessed. # 12 9:26 14:20 Ex 18:10 Ru 4:14 1Sa 25:32,39 2Sa 18:28 # 1Ch 29:10-13 Ps 68:19 72:18,19 Lu 1:68 Eph 1:3 1Ti 1:17 * of his. # 32:10 Ps 98:3 100:5 Mic 7:20 Joh 1:17 * the Lord. # 48 Pr 3:6 4:11-13 8:20 * of my. # 4 13:8 Ex 2:11,13 * of. # 48,55,67 31:33 * her mother's. Some have conjectured from this, that her father Bethuel was dead; and the person called Bethuel, (ver. 50,) was a younger brother. This is possible; but as Dr. A. Clarke remarks, the mother's house might be mentioned were even the father alive; for in Asiatic countries, the women have apartments entirely separate from those of the men, in which their little children and grown-up daughters reside with them. This was probably the case here; though, from the whole narrative, it is very probable that Bethuel was dead, as the whole business appears to be conducted by Rebekah's brothers. # 55,60 29:5 # 30 * thou. # 26:29 Jud 17:2 Ru 3:10 Ps 115:15 Pr 17:8 18:16 * for I. # 25 * he ungirded. i.e., Laban ungirded. straw. Straw, by the eastern mode of threshing, was cut or shattered, and reduced to a kind of chaff. With this, sometimes mixed with a little barley, the eastern people still feed their labouring beasts, as they anciently did. * wash. # 18:4 19:2 43:24 Jud 19:21 1Sa 25:41 Lu 7:44 Joh 13:4-14 # 1Ti 5:10 # Job 23:12 Ps 132:3-5 Pr 22:29 Ec 9:10 Joh 4:14,31-34 Eph 6:5-8 # 1Ti 6:2 # 2 * the Lord. # 1 12:2 13:2 25:11 26:12 49:25 Ps 18:35 112:3 Pr 10:22 22:4 # 1Ti 4:8 * flocks. # 12:16 13:2 26:13,14 Job 1:3 42:10-12 Ps 107:38 Mt 6:33 * Sarah. # 11:29,30 17:15-19 18:10-14 21:1-7 Ro 4:19 * unto. # 21:10 25:5 * And my. # 2-9 6:2 27:46 Ezr 9:1-3 * Canaanites. The Canaanites were infected with gross idolatry; and consequently, not proper persons with whom to form so intimate a connection; especially as Jehovah had shown Abraham that they were filling up the measure of their iniquity, and were doomed to destruction. * But. # 4 12:1 * my father's. i.e., where the family of Haran his brother had settled; and where he himself had remained some time with his father Terah. Nahor did not dwell at Ur of the Chaldees, but at Haran in Mesopotamia. The true worship of God seems to have been in some measure preserved in this family, though afterwards corrupted. * See # 31:19 # 5 * Peradventure. We may see, says Calmet, by this and other passages of Scripture, (Jos. 9:18,) what the sentiments of the ancients were relative to an oath. They believed that they were bound precisely by what was spoken, and had no liberty to interpret the intentions of those by whom the oath was made. * And he. # 7 * before. # 5:22,24 6:9 17:1 48:15 1Ki 2:3 8:23 2Ki 20:3 Ps 16:8 * will. # 7 Ex 23:20 33:2 Ps 1:3 91:11 Da 3:28 Heb 1:14 Re 22:8,16 # 8 De 29:12 * O Lord. # 12-14 Ac 10:7,8,22 * prosper. # 12,31 39:3 Ezr 8:21 Ne 1:11 Ps 37:5 90:17 Ro 1:10 # 13,14 * Both. # Isa 32:8 1Ti 2:10 Heb 13:2 1Pe 3:8 * the woman. # 14 2:22 Pr 16:33 18:22 19:14 * appointed. Those events, which appear to us the effect of choice, contrivance, or chance, are matters of appointment with God; and the persuasion of this does not prevent, but rather encourage, the use of all proper means; at the same time that it confines us to proper means, and delivers the mind from useless anxiety about consequences. * before. # 15-20 Isa 58:9 65:24 Da 9:19,23 Ac 4:24-33 10:30 12:12-17 # Mt 7:7 * speaking. # 1Sa 1:13-15 2Sa 7:27 Ne 2:4 Ro 8:26 # 46 * I put. # 22,53 Ps 45:9,13,14 Isa 62:3-5 Eze 16:10-13 Eph 5:26,27 * bowed. # 26,27,52 * led me. # 27 22:23 Ex 18:20 Ezr 8:21 Ps 32:8 48:14 107:7 Pr 3:5,6 4:11 # Isa 48:17 * now if. # 47:29 Jos 2:14 * deal kindly and truly. Heb. do mercy and truth. # 32:10 Pr 3:3 * that I. # Nu 20:17 De 2:27 * Laban. These seem both to be brothers, of whom Laban was the eldest and chief: the opinion of Josephus appears to be very correct, that Bethuel, the father, had been dead some time. * See # 15,28,53,55,60 * The thing. # Ps 118:23 Mt 21:42 Mr 12:11 * we. # 31:24,29 2Sa 13:22 Ac 11:17 * Rebekah. # 20:15 * hath. # 15 2Sa 16:10 * worshipped. # 26,48 1Ch 29:20 2Ch 20:18 Ps 34:1,2 95:6 107:21,22 116:1,2 # Mt 2:11 Ac 10:25,26 * jewels. Heb. vessels. The original word denotes vessels, utensils, instruments, furniture, or dress; and these presented by Abraham's servant might have been of various kinds. # Ex 3:22 11:2 12:35 * brother. No mention is made of her father. * precious. This term, rendered 'precious things,' as may be seen in the parallel texts, is used to express exquisite fruits or delicacies, and precious plants or flowers: but here it may mean gifts in general, though rather of an inferior kind to those mentioned above. # De 33:13-16 2Ch 21:3 Ezr 1:6 So 4:13 Isa 39:2 * Send me. # 56,59 28:5,6 45:24 2Sa 18:19,27,28 Pr 22:29 Ec 7:10 # Lu 8:38,39 * a few days. or, a full year, or ten months. # 4:3 Le 25:29 Jud 14:8 * Hinder. # 45:9-13 Pr 25:25 * prospered. # Jos 1:8 Isa 48:15 # 57 # Ps 45:10,11 Lu 1:38 * their. # 50,53,60 * nurse. # 35:8 Nu 11:12 1Th 2:5 * they. # 1:28 9:1 14:19 17:16 28:3 48:15,16,20 Ru 4:11,12 * be thou the mother. Or, 'be thou for thousands of myriads;' a large family being always considered, in ancient times, as a proof of the peculiar blessing and favour of God. * thousands. # Da 7:10 * thy seed. See on ch. # 22:17 Le 25:46 De 21:19 * they rode. # Ge 31:34 1Sa 30:17 Es 8:10,14 * followed. # 2:24 Ps 45:10 * Lahai-roi. # Ge 16:14 25:11 * south. # 12:9 * to meditate. or, to pray. They who acknowledge God in all their ways, will find him present to direct their paths, and make their way prosperous; and when the prayer of faith meets with an immediate answer, the glory ought as speedily to be rendered to God in solemn praise and thanksgiving. # Jos 1:8 Ps 1:2 77:11,12 104:34 119:15 139:17,18 143:5,6 * lighted. # Jos 15:18 Jud 1:14 * a vail. # 20:16 1Co 11:5,6,10 1Ti 2:9 # Mr 6:30 * his mother. # 18:6,9,10 So 8:2 Isa 54:1-5 * Sarah's tent. Sarah, being dead, her tent, which, according to the custom of the east, was distinct from that of Abraham, became now appropriated to the use of Rebekah. * and took. # 2:22-24 2Co 11:1,2 Eph 5:22-33 * comforted. # 37:35 38:12 1Th 4:13,15 1 The sons of Abraham by Keturah. 5 The division of his goods. 7 His age, death, and burial. 11 God blesses Isaac. 12 The generations of Ishmael. 17 His age and death. 19 Isaac prays for Rebekah, being barren. 22 The children strive in her womb. 24 The birth of Esau and Jacob. 27 Their different characters and pursuits. 29 Esau sells his birthright. * A.M. cir. 2151. B.C. cir. 1853. # 23:1,2 28:1 1Ch 1:32,33 * A.M. cir. 2152. B.C. cir. 1852. she bare. # 1Ch 1:32,33 Jer 25:25 * Zimri. Midian. # 36:35 37:28,36 Ex 2:15,16 18:1-4 Nu 22:4 25:17,18 31:2,8 # Jud 6:1-8:35 * Shuah. # Job 2:11 * A.M. cir. 2180. B.C. cir. 1824. Sheba. # 1Ki 10:1 Job 6:19 Ps 72:10 * Dedan. # Jer 25:23 49:8 Eze 25:13 27:20 * Asshurim. # 2Sa 2:9 Eze 27:6 * A.M. cir. 2200. B.C. cir. 1804. Ephah. # Isa 60:6 * A.M. cir. 2175. B.C. cir. 1829. # 21:10-12 24:36 Ps 68:18 Mt 11:27 28:18 Joh 3:35 17:2 # Ro 8:17,32 9:7-9 1Co 3:21-23 Ga 3:29 4:28 Col 1:19 Heb 1:2 Isaac typified the Son of God, 'whom HE hath appointed Heir of all things.' * concubines. # 1 16:3 30:4,9 32:22 35:22 Jud 19:1,2,4 * gifts. # Ps 17:14,15 Mt 5:45 Lu 11:11-13 Ac 14:17 * sent. # 21:14 * east country. Arabia Deserta, which was eastward of Beer-sheba, where Abraham dwelt. # Jud 6:3 Job 1:1,3 * A.M. 2183. B.C. 1821. # 12:4 * gave. # 17 35:18 49:33 Ac 5:5,10 12:23 * good. # 15:15 35:28,29 47:8,9 49:29 Jud 8:32 1Ch 29:28 Job 5:26 42:17 # Pr 20:29 Jer 6:11 * gathered. # 7 35:29 49:33 Nu 20:24 27:13 Jud 2:10 Ac 13:36 * Isaac. # 21:9,10 35:29 * in the cave. # 23:9-20 49:29,30 50:13 * The field. # 23:16 * there. # 49:31 * after. # 12:2 17:19 22:17 50:24 * La-hai-roi. # 16:14 24:62 # 16:10-15 17:20 21:13 Ps 83:6 * the names. # 1Ch 1:29-31 * Nebajoth. From Nebajoth sprang the Nabatheans, who inhabited Arabia Petraea; from Kedar, the Cedreans, who dwelt near the Nabatheans; and from Jetur, the Itureans, who inhabited a small tract of country east of Jordan, which afterwards belonged to Manasseh. # 36:3 Isa 60:7 * Kedar. # Ps 120:5 So 1:5 Isa 21:16,17 42:11 * Dumah. # Isa 21:11,16 * Hadar. or, Hadad. More than 300 MSS. and printed editions read Hadad, as in 1 Ch. 1:30. * Tema. # 1Ch 5:19 Job 2:11 * Naphish. These are evidently the same people mentioned in 1 Ch. 5:19, who, with the Itureans, assisted the Hagarenes against the Israelites, but were overcome by the two tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. * castles. * The word tiroth, rendered 'castles,' is supposed by some to denote here 'towers,' fortified rocks, or mountain-tops, and fastnesses of various kinds in woods and hilly countries; but it rather means, 'shepherds' cots,' surrounded by sufficient enclosures to prevent the cattle from straying, as the cognate Syriac word teyaro, and Arabic tawar, signify 'a sheep-fold.' * twelve. # 17:20,23 * A.M. 2231. B.C. 1773. these are. # 7,8 * gathered. # 15:15 * Havilah. # 2:11 10:7,29 20:1 21:14,21 * as thou. # 13:10 * toward. # 2Ki 23:29 Isa 19:23,24 * died. Heb. fell. # 14:10 Ps 78:64 * in the. # 16:12 * A.M. 2108. B.C. 1896. Abraham. # 1Ch 1:32 Mt 1:2 Lu 3:34 Ac 7:8 * A.M. 2148. B.C. 1856. when he. # 22:23 24:67 * the Syrian. # 24:29 28:5,6 31:18,20,24 35:9 De 26:5 Lu 4:27 * A.M. 2167. B.C. 1837. intreated. # 1Sa 1:11,27 Ps 50:15 65:2 91:15 Isa 45:11 58:9 65:24 Lu 1:13 * because. # 11:30 15:2,3 16:2 17:16-19 1Sa 1:2 Lu 1:7 * and the. # 1Ch 5:20 2Ch 33:13 Ezr 8:23 Ps 145:19 Pr 10:24 * and Rebekah. # Ro 9:10-12 * A.M. 2168. B.C. 1836. enquire. # 1Sa 9:9 10:22 22:15 28:6 30:8 Eze 20:31 36:37 * Two nations. # 17:16 24:60 * two manner. # 27 32:6 33:3 36:31 Nu 20:14 * the elder. # 27:29,40 2Sa 8:14 1Ki 22:47 1Ch 18:13 2Ch 25:11,12 Ps 60:8,9 # Ps 83:5-15 Isa 34:1-17 63:1-6 Jer 49:7-22 Eze 25:12-14 35:1-15 # Am 1:11,12 Ob 1:1-16 Mal 1:2-5 Ro 9:10-13 # 24 * Esau. The word Esau has been generally considered to imply made, formed, or perfected; or perfect, robust, etc. But it appears to be a dialectical variation of the Arabic atha, to be covered with hair; whence athai, hairy, as no doubt the word Esau imports, in allusion to the circumstance of his being covered with red hair or down at his birth. # 27:11,16,23 * And after. # 38:28-30 * took. # Ho 12:3 * Jacob. # 27:36 * Isaac was. # 20 * a cunning. # 10:9 21:20 27:3-5,40 * a plain main. # 6:9 28:10,11 31:39-41 46:34 Job 1:1,8 2:3 Ps 37:37 * dwelling. # Heb 11:9 * he did eat of his venison. Heb. venison was in his mouth. ch. # 27:4,19,25,31 * Rebekah. # 27:6 * A.M. 2199. B.C. 1805. and he. # Jud 8:4,5 1Sa 14:28,31 Pr 13:25 Isa 40:30,31 * with that same red pottage. Heb. with that red, with that red pottage. This, we are informed, (ver. 34,) was of lentiles, a sort of pulse. * Edom. i.e., red. # 36:1,9,43 Ex 15:15 Nu 20:14-21 De 23:7 2Ki 8:20 # 31 * at the point to die. Heb. going to die. and what. # Job 21:15 22:17 34:9 Mal 3:14 * birthright. # Ex 22:9 * Swear. # 14:22 24:3 Mr 6:23 Heb 6:16 * and he sold. # 27:36 36:6,7 Heb 12:16 * eat. # Ec 8:15 Isa 22:13 1Co 15:32 * thus Esau. # Ps 106:24 Zec 11:13 Mt 22:5 26:15 Lu 14:18-20 Ac 13:41 # Php 3:18,19 Heb 12:16,17 1 Isaac, because of famine, sojourns in Gerar, and the Lord instructs and blesses him. 7 He is reproved by Abimelech for denying his wife. 12 He grows rich, and the Philistines envy his prosperity. 18 He digs Esek, Sitnah, and Rehoboth. 23 God appears to him at Beer-sheba, and blesses him; and Abimelech makes a covenant with him. 34 Esau's wives. * A.M. 2200. B.C. 1804. the first. # 12:10 * And Isaac. # 25:11 * Abimelech. # 20:2 21:22-32 * appeared. # 12:7 17:1 18:1,10-20 * dwell. # 12:1 Ps 37:3 * Sojourn. # 12,14 20:1 Ps 32:8 37:1-6 39:12 Heb 11:9,13-16 * I will be. # 28:15 39:2,21 Isa 43:2,5 Php 4:9 * unto thee. # 12:1,7 13:15,17 15:18 17:8 * oath. # 22:16,18 Ps 105:9 Mic 7:20 Heb 6:17 * multiply. # 13:16 15:5,18 17:4-8 18:18 22:17 Heb 11:2 * seed shall. # 12:2,3 22:18 Ps 72:17 Ac 3:25 Ga 3:8,16 # 12:4 17:23 18:19 22:16,18 Ps 112:1,2 128:1-6 Mt 5:19 7:24 # 1Co 15:58 Ga 5:6 Heb 11:8 Jas 2:21 * Gerar. # 20:1 * She is my sister. # 12:13 20:2,5,12,13 Pr 29:25 Mt 10:28 Eph 5:25 Col 3:9 * fair. # 24:16 * a window. # Jud 5:28 Pr 7:6 So 2:9 * sporting. # Pr 5:18,19 Ec 9:9 Isa 62:5 # 9 # 12:18,19 20:9,10 * toucheth. # 20:6 Ps 105:15 Pr 6:29 Zec 2:8 * sowed. The author of the "History of the Piratical States of Barbary" observes, (p. 44,) that the Moors of that country are divided into tribes like the Arabians, and like them dwell in tents, formed into itinerant villages; that 'these wanderers farm lands of the inhabitants of the towns, sow and cultivate them, paying their rent with the produce, such as fruits, corn, wax, etc. They are very skilful in choosing the most advantageous soils for every season, and very careful to avoid the Turkish troops, the violence of the one little suiting the simplicity of the other.' It is natural to suppose, that Isaac possessed the like sagacity, when he sowed in the land of Gerar, and received that year an hundred-fold. * received. Heb. found. an hundredfold. # Ps 67:6 72:16 Ec 11:6 Zec 8:12 Mt 13:8,23 Mr 4:8 1Co 3:6 # 2Co 9:10,11 Ga 6:7,8 * blessed. # 3,29 24:1,35 30:30 Job 42:12 * And the man waxed great. Dr. Adam Clarke remarks, that there is a strange and observable occurrence of the same term in the original, which is literally, 'And the man was GREAT, and he went, going on, and was GREAT, until that he was exceeding GREAT.' How simple is this language, and yet how forcible! * waxed great. # 24:35 Ps 112:3 * went forward. Heb. went going. * had possession. # 12:16 13:2 Job 1:3 42:12 Ps 112:3 144:13,14 Pr 10:22 * servants. or, husbandry. envied. # 37:11 1Sa 18:9 Job 5:2 Ps 112:10 Pr 27:4 Ec 4:4 * his father's. # 21:30 * had stopped. In those countries, a well of water was a great acquisition; and hence, this mode of injuring new settlers, or revenging themselves on their enemies, is still resorted to among the inhabitants. * Go. Dr. A. Clarke observes, that this is the first instance on record of what was termed among the Greeks, ostracism, i.e., the banishment of person from the state, of whose power, influence, or riches, the people were jealous. * mightier. # Ex 1:9 # 17 * in the days. Houbigant contends, that instead of bimey, 'in the days,' we should read, avdey, 'servants;' agreeably to the Samaritan, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate: 'And Isaac digged again the wells of water which the servants of Abraham his father had digged.' * and he. # 21:31 Nu 32:38 Ps 16:4 Ho 2:17 Zec 13:2 * springing water. Heb. living. # So 4:15 Joh 4:10,11 7:38 * did strive. # 21:25 * Esek. i.e., Contention. * Sitnah. i.e., Hatred. # Ezr 4:6 * digged. The wells in Arabia are generally dug in the rock: their mouths are about six feet in diameter, and they are from nineteen to twenty feet in depth. But Niebuhr informs us, that many wells are from 160 to 170 feet deep. * Rehoboth. i.e., Room. the Lord. # Ps 4:1 18:19 118:5 * be fruitful. # 17:6 28:3 41:52 Ex 1:7 * Beer-sheba. # 21:31 46:1 Jud 20:1 * I am the. # 15:1 17:7 24:12 28:13 31:5 Ex 3:6 Mt 22:32 Ac 7:32 * fear. # 3,4 13:16 22:19 Ps 27:1-3 46:1,2 Isa 12:2 41:10,13-15 43:1,2 44:2 # Isa 51:7,12 Lu 12:32 Heb 13:6 Re 1:17 * builded. # 8:20 12:7 13:18 22:9 33:20 35:1 Ex 17:15 * called. # Ps 116:17 * Abimelech. # 20:3 21:22-32 * Phichol. Phichol, as well as Abimelech, 'father king,' seems to have been a name of office or dignity among the Philistines; for it is not probable that they were the same as are mentioned in the days of Abraham (ch. 21:22, 32.) * seeing. # 14,16 Jud 11:7 Ac 7:9,14,27,35 Re 3:9 * sent me. # 16 * We saw certainly. Heb. Seeing we saw. was with. # 21:22,23 39:5 Jos 3:7 2Ch 1:1 Isa 45:14 60:14 61:6,9 Ro 8:31 # 1Co 14:25 Heb 13:5 * Let there. # 21:31,32 24:3,41 31:49-53 Heb 6:16 * That thou wilt. Heb. If thou shalt, etc. not. # 11,14,15 * the blessed. # 12 12:2 21:22 22:17 24:31 Ps 115:15 # 19:3 21:8 31:54 Ro 12:18 Heb 12:14 1Pe 4:9 * betimes. # 19:2 21:14 22:3 31:55 * sware. # 14:22 21:23,31,32 25:33 31:44 1Sa 14:24 20:3,16,17 30:15 # Heb 6:16 * We have. # 25 Pr 2:4,5 10:4 13:4 Mt 7:7 * Shebah. i.e., an oath. therefore. # 21:31 * Beer-sheba. i.e., the well of the oath. # 28 This may have been the same city which was called Beer-sheba a hundred years before this, in the time of Abraham; but as the well, from which it had its name originally, was closed up by the Philistines, the name of the place might have been abolished with the well; when, therefore, Isaac re-opened it, he restored the ancient name of the place. * A.M. 2208. B.C. 1796. And Esau. # 36:2,5,13 * the daughter. # 24:3 Ex 34:16 1Co 7:2 Heb 12:16 * Bashemath. # 36:2 * Which. # 6:2 27:46 28:1,2,8 * grief of mind. Heb. bitterness of spirit. 1 Isaac sends Esau for venison. 6 Rebekah instructs Jacob to obtain the blessing. 14 Jacob, feigning to be Esau, obtains it. 30 Esau brings venison. 33 Isaac trembles. 34 Esau complains, and by importunity obtains a blessing. 41 He threatens Jacob's life. 42 Rebekah disappoints him, by sending Jacob away. * A.M. 2244. B.C. 1760. * dim. # 48:10 1Sa 3:2 Ec 12:3 Joh 9:3 * eldest son. # 25:23-25 * I know not. # 48:21 1Sa 20:3 Pr 27:1 Ec 9:10 Isa 38:1,3 Mr 13:35 Jas 4:14 * take, I. # 10:9 25:27,28 * take me. Heb. hunt. # 25:27,28 1Co 6:12 * that I may eat. The blessing, says Dr. A. Clarke, which Isaac was to confer on his son, was a species of divine right, and must be communicated with appropriate ceremonies. As eating and drinking were used among the Asiatics on almost all religious occasions, and especially in making and confirming covenants, it is reasonable to suppose, that something of this kind was essentially necessary on this occasion; and that Isaac could not convey the right, till he had eaten of the meat provided for the purpose by him who was to receive the blessing. * that my. # 7,23,25,27 14:19 24:60 28:3 48:9,15-20 49:28 Le 9:22,23 De 33:1 *etc: # Jos 14:13 22:6 Lu 2:34 24:51 Heb 11:20 # 5 # 6 * before the. # De 33:1 Jos 6:26 1Sa 24:19 # 13 25:23 Ac 4:19 5:29 Eph 6:1 * two. # Jud 13:15 1Sa 16:20 * savoury. Matammim, from taam, to taste or relish: how dressed is uncertain, but its name declares it nature. # 4 # 10 * hairy man. # 25:25 * feel. # 22 Job 12:16 2Co 6:8 * a deceiver. # 36 25:27 1Th 5:22 * and I shall. # 9:25 De 27:18 Jer 48:10 Mal 1:14 * Upon. # 25:23,33 43:9 1Sa 14:24-28,36-45 25:24 2Sa 14:9 Mt 27:25 * mother. # 4,7,9,17,31 25:28 Ps 141:4 Pr 23:2,3 Lu 21:34 * goodly raiment. Heb. desirable. # 27 The Septuagint translates it 'a goodly robe,' which was a long garment that great men used to wear, (Lu. 20:46; 15:22.) The priest afterwards in the law had 'holy garments' to minister in, (Ex. 28:2-4.) Whether the first-born before the law had such to minister in is not certain: for, had they been common garments, why did not Esau himself or his wives keep them? But being, in likelihood, holy robes, received from their ancestors, the mother of the family kept them in sweet chests, from moths and the like; whereupon it is said, (ver. 27,) 'Isaac smelled the smell of his garments.' * skins. Travellers inform us, that the Eastern goats have long, fine, and beautiful hair, of the most delicate silky softness; indeed the animals generally in those hot countries are not covered with so thick a coat of hair as they are in more northerly regions; so that Isaac might easily be deceived, when his eyes were dim, and his feeling no less impaired than his sight. # 16 # 17 # 18 * I am. # 21,24,25 25:25 29:23-25 1Ki 13:18 14:2 Isa 28:15 Zec 13:3,4 Mt 26:70-74 * that thy. # 4 * Because. # Ex 20:7 Job 13:7 * to me. Heb. before me. * Come. # Ps 73:28 Isa 57:19 Jas 4:8 * may feel. # 12 * The voice. How wonderful, says Mr. Scott, is that difference which there is betwixt the faces and the voices of the several individuals of the human species! Scarcely any two of the innumerable millions are exactly alike in either, and yet the difference cannot be defined or described! The power, wisdom, and kindness of our Creator should be admired and adored in this remarkable circumstance; for they are very visible. This description of Jacob is not unaptly accommodated to the character of a hypocrite: his voice, his language, is that of a Christian; his hands, or conduct, that of an ungodly man: but the judgment will proceed from God, the Judge of all, at the last day, as in the present case, not by the voice, but by the hands. # 22 * his hands. # 16 * he blessed. # Ro 9:11,12 Heb 11:20 * I am. # 1Sa 21:2,13 27:10 2Sa 14:5 Job 13:7,8 15:5 Pr 12:19,22 30:8 # Zec 8:16 Ro 3:7,8 Eph 4:25 Col 3:9 * that my. # 4 # 26 * blessed. # Heb 11:20 * the smell of a field. A field where aromatic plants, flowers, fruits, and spices grew in abundance, with which these garments (see ver. 15) of Esau might probably have been perfumed by being laid up with them. # So 2:13 4:11-14 7:12,13 Ho 14:6,7 * which. # 26:12 Heb 6:7 * of the dew. # De 11:11,12 32:2 33:13,28 2Sa 1:21 1Ki 17:1 Ps 65:9-13 133:3 # Isa 45:8 Jer 14:22 Ho 14:5-7 Mic 5:7 Heb 11:20 * the fatness. # 39 45:18 49:20 Nu 13:20 Ps 36:8 Ro 11:17 * plenty. # De 7:13 8:7-9 33:28 Jos 5:6 1Ki 5:11 2Ch 2:10 Ps 65:9,13 # Ps 104:15 Joe 2:19 Zec 9:17 * Let people. # 9:25,26 22:17,18 49:8-10 2Sa 8:1-18 10:1-19 1Ki 4:21 Ps 2:6-9 # Ps 72:8 Isa 9:7 Da 2:44,45 Re 19:16 * be lord. # 37 25:22,23,33 2Sa 8:14 1Ki 11:15,16 22:47 1Ch 5:2 2Ch 25:11-14 # Ps 60:1-12 *title # Isa 63:1-6 Mal 1:2-5 Ro 9:12 * cursed. # 12:3 Nu 22:11,12 23:8 24:9 Zep 2:8,9 Mt 25:40,45 # 30 * eat. # 4 # 32 * trembled very exceedingly. Heb trembled with a great trembling greatly. # Job 21:6 37:1 Ps 55:5 * taken. Heb. hunted. thou camest. # 25 * yea. # 28:3,4 Joh 10:10,28,29 Ro 5:20,21 11:29 Eph 1:3 Heb 11:20 * he cried. # 1Sa 30:4 Pr 1:24-28,31 19:3 Lu 13:24-28 Heb 12:17 # 19-23 2Ki 10:19 Job 13:7 Mal 2:10 Ro 3:7,8 2Co 4:7 1Th 4:6 * Jacob. i.e., a supplanter. # 25:26,31-34 32:28 Joh 1:47 * he took. # 25:26,33,34 * I have. # 29 25:23 2Sa 8:14 Ro 9:10-12 * with. # 28 * sustained. or, supported. # 34,36 49:28 Pr 1:24-26 Isa 32:10-12 65:14 Heb 12:17 * Behold. # 36:6-8 Jos 24:4 Heb 11:20 * the fatness. or, of the fatness. # 28 It is here foretold, says Bp. Newton, that as to temporal advantages, the two brothers should be much alike. (See ver. 28.) Esau had cattle, beasts, and substance in abundance, and he went to dwell in Mount Seir of his own accord. When the Israelites desired leave to pass through the territories of Edom, the country abounded with fruitful fields and vineyards. (Nu. 20:17.) * thy sword. # 32:6 Mt 10:34 * serve. # 25:23 2Sa 8:14 1Ki 11:15-17 2Ki 14:7,10 1Ch 18:11-13 # 2Ch 25:11,12 Ps 60:8 Ob 1:17-21 * that thou. # 2Ki 8:20-22 2Ch 21:8,10 28:17 * hated. # 4:2-8 37:4,8 Eze 25:12-15 35:5 Am 1:11,12 Ob 1:10-14 1Jo 3:12-15 * The days. # Ge 35:29 50:3,4,10,11 De 34:8 2Ch 35:24 Ps 35:14 * then. # 32:6 2Sa 13:28,29 Ps 37:12,13,16 140:4,5 142:3 Pr 1:12,13,16 # Pr 6:14 Ec 7:9 Ob 1:10 Eph 4:26,27 Tit 1:15,16 3:3 1Jo 3:12-15 * comfort himself. # 37:18-20 42:21,22 1Sa 30:5 Job 20:12-14 Ps 64:5 Pr 2:14 # Pr 4:16,17 * obey. # 8,13 28:7 Pr 30:17 Jer 35:14 Ac 5:29 * Haran. # 11:31 12:4,5 28:10 * a few days. # 31:38 * then I. # Pr 19:21 La 3:37 Jas 4:13-15 * why. # 4:8-16 9:5,6 2Sa 14:6,7 Ac 28:4 * I am. # Nu 11:15 1Ki 19:4 Job 3:20-22 7:16 14:13 Jon 4:3,9 * because. # 26:34,35 28:8 34:1,2 * if Jacob. # 24:3 1 Isaac blesses Jacob, and sends him to Padan-aram. 6 Esau marries Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael. 10 Jacob journeys, and has a vision of a ladder. 18 The stone of Beth-el. 20 Jacob's vow. * blessed. # 3,4 27:4,27-33 48:15 49:28 De 33:1 Jos 22:7 * Thou shalt. # 6:2 24:3,37 26:34,35 27:46 34:9,16 Ex 34:15,16 2Co 6:14-16 * Arise. # Ho 12:12 * Padan-aram. # 5 22:20-23 24:10,15-24 25:20 29:1 31:18 32:10 35:9 46:15 * Laban. # 24:29,50 * God. # 17:1-6 22:17,18 35:11 43:14 48:3 Ex 6:3 Ps 127:1 2Co 6:18 # Re 21:22 * and make. # 1:28 9:1 13:16 24:60 41:52 Ps 127:3-5 128:1-6 * a multitude. Heb. an assembly. * the blessing. # 12:1-3,7 15:5-7 17:6-8 22:17,18 Ps 72:17 Ro 4:7,8 Ga 3:8,14 # Eph 1:3 * wherein thou art a stranger. Heb. of thy sojournings. # 17:8 * which. # 12:7 13:14-17 15:18-21 Ps 39:12 105:6-12 Heb 11:9-13 * sent away Jacob. Whoever observes Jacob's life, after he had surreptitiously obtained his father's blessing, will perceive that he enjoyed very little worldly felicity. His brother purposed to murder him, to avoid which he was forced to flee from his father's house; his uncle Laban deceived him, as he had deceived his father, and treated him with great rigour; after a servitude of 21 years, he was obliged to leave him in a clandestine manner, not without danger of being brought back, or murdered by his enraged brother; no sooner were these fears over, than he experienced the baseness of his son Reuben, in defiling his bed; he had next to bewail the treachery and cruelty of Simeon and Levi toward the Shechemites; then he had to feel the loss of his beloved wife; he was next imposed upon by his own sons, and had to lament the supposed untimely end of Joseph; and to complete all, he was forced by famine to go into Egypt, and there died, in a strange land. So just, wonderful, and instructive are all the ways of Providence! * Padan-aram. See # 2 * Esau. # 27:33 * Thou. See # 1 # 27:43 Ex 20:12 Le 19:3 Pr 1:8 30:17 Eph 6:1,3 Col 3:20 * the daughters. # 1 24:3 26:34,35 * pleased not. Heb. were evil in the eyes. # 1Sa 8:6 * unto Ishmael. # 25:13-17 36:3,13,18 * Mahalath. called also, Bashemath. # 36:3 * the sister. # 11:31 32:10 Ho 12:12 Ac 7:2 25:13 * took. # 18 31:46 Mt 8:20 2Co 1:5 * put them. This should be 'put it;' for we find (ver. 18) it was only one stone. * he dreamed. # 15:1,12 20:3,6,7 37:5-11 40:1-41:57 Nu 12:6 Job 4:12-21 # Job 33:15,16 Da 2:1-49 4:1-37 7:1 Mt 1:20 2:12,13,19 Heb 1:1 * ladder. # 32:1,2 2Ch 16:9 Isa 41:10 Joh 1:51 2Ti 4:16,17 Heb 1:14 * the Lord stood. # 35:1,6,7 48:3 * I am. # 15:1 17:6,7 26:24 31:42 32:9 46:3 Ex 3:6,15,16 Mt 22:32 # Heb 11:16 * the land. # 4 12:7 13:15 35:12,15,17 Ps 105:11 Eze 37:24,25 Ac 7:5 * thy seed. # 13:16 32:12 35:11,12 Nu 23:10 Ac 3:25 Re 7:4,9 * spread abroad. Heb. break forth. to the west. # 13:14 De 12:20 Mt 8:11 * and in thee. # 12:3 18:18 22:18 26:4 Ps 72:17 Ac 3:25 Ga 3:8,16 Eph 1:3 * I am. # 20,21 26:24 31:3 32:9 39:2,21 46:4 Ex 3:12 Jud 6:16 Ps 46:7,11 # Isa 7:14 8:10 41:10 43:2 Jer 1:19 Mt 18:20 28:20 Ro 8:31,32 # 1Ti 4:8 * keep. # 48:16 Ps 121:5-8 * bring. # 35:6,7 * for I. # De 31:6 Jos 1:5 1Ki 8:57 Joh 10:28,29 Heb 13:5,6 Jude 1:1 * until. # Nu 23:19 Jos 23:14-16 Mt 24:35 * and I. # Ex 3:5 15:11 Jos 5:15 1Sa 3:4-7 Job 9:11 33:14 Ps 68:35 # Isa 8:13 * he was. # Ex 3:6 Jud 13:22 Mt 17:6 Lu 2:9 8:35 Re 1:17 * the house. # 22 35:1-13 2Ch 5:14 Ec 5:1 1Ti 3:15 Heb 10:21 1Pe 4:17 * rose up. # 22:3 Ps 119:60 Ec 9:10 * and took. The practice of setting up stones as a memorial by travellers still exists in Persia, and other parts of the East. * set it. # 31:13,45 35:14,20 Jos 24:26,27 1Sa 7:12 2Sa 18:18 Isa 19:19 * poured. # Le 8:10-12 Nu 7:1 * the name. # 12:8 35:1 48:3 Jud 1:22-26 1Ki 12:29 Ho 4:15 12:4,5 * Beth-el. i.e., the house of God. * vowed. # 31:13 Le 27:1-34 Nu 6:1-20 21:2,3 Jud 11:30,31 1Sa 1:11,28 # 1Sa 14:24 2Sa 15:8 Ne 9:1-10:39 Ps 22:25 56:12 61:5,8 66:13 # Ps 76:11 116:14,18 119:106 132:2 Ec 5:1-7 Isa 19:21 Joh 1:16 # Ac 18:18 23:12-15 * If God. See on ver. # 15 * will give. # 1Ti 6:8 * I come. # Jud 11:31 2Sa 19:24,30 * then. # Ex 15:2 De 26:17 2Sa 15:8 2Ki 5:17 * God's. # 17 12:8 21:33 33:20 35:1,15 * I will. # 14:20 Le 27:30-33 De 14:22,23 1 Jacob comes to the well of Haran. 9 He becomes acquainted with Rachel. 13 Laban entertains him. 18 Jacob covenants for Rachel. 23 He is deceived by Laban with Leah. 28 He marries also Rachel, and serves for her seven years more. 32 Leah bears Reuben; 33 Simeon; 34 Levi; 35 and Judah. * Jacob. # Ps 119:32,60 Ec 9:7 * went on his journey. Heb. lifted up his feet. came. # 22:20-23 24:10 25:20 28:5-7 Nu 23:7 Jud 6:3,33 7:12 8:10 # 1Ki 4:30 Ho 12:12 * people. Heb. children. east. The district of Mesopotamia, and the whole country beyond the Euphrates, are called Kedem, or the East, in the Sacred Writings. * a well. # 24:11,13 Ex 2:15,16 Joh 4:6,14 * there. # Ps 23:2 So 1:6,7 Isa 49:10 Re 7:17 * a great stone. In Arabia, and other places in the East, they cover up their wells of water, lest the sand, which is put in motion by the winds, should fill and quite stop them up. So great was their care not to leave the well open any length of time, that they waited till the flocks were all gathered together before they began to draw water; and when they had finished, the well was immediately closed again. * the flocks. Instead of haadarim, 'the flocks,' the Samaritan reads haroin, 'the shepherds,' as does also the Arabic in Walton's Polyglott. This verse describes what was usually done by some mutual compact among the shepherds, and shows the purpose for which the flocks lay by the well; for the stone was not removed till all the flocks had been collected. Scott. # 3 * Of Haran. # 11:31 24:10 27:43 28:10 Ac 7:2,4 * Charran. * son of. # 24:24,29 31:53 * Is he well? Heb. there peace to him? # 37:14 43:27 Ex 18:7 1Sa 17:22 25:5 2Sa 20:9 * Lo. # Ga 6:9,10 Eph 5:16 * it is yet high day. Heb. yet the day is great. * until. # 3 34:14 43:32 * roll. # Mr 16:3 Lu 24:2 * Rachel. # 24:15 Ex 2:15,16,21 So 1:7,8 * for she kept them. In those primitive times, a pastoral life was not only considered useful but honourable: nor was it beneath the dignity of the daughters of the most opulent chiefs to carry water from the well, or tend the sheep. Jacob, Moses, and David were shepherds. * rolled. # Ex 2:17 * kissed. # 13 27:26 33:4 43:30 45:2,14,15 Ex 4:27 18:7 Ro 16:16 * and wept. # 33:4 43:30 45:2,14,15 * brother. # 13:8 14:14-16 * and she. # 24:28 * tidings. Heb. hearing. he ran. # 24:29 * kissed. # 45:15 Ex 4:27 18:7 2Sa 19:39 Lu 7:45 Ac 20:37 Ro 16:16 * all these. # Col 4:5 * art my. # 12,15 2:23 13:8 Jud 9:2 2Sa 5:1 19:12,13 Mic 7:5 Eph 5:30 * the space of a month. Heb. a month of days. * tell me. # 30:28 31:7 * was Leah. # 17,25-32 30:19 31:4 33:2 35:23 46:15 49:31 Ru 4:11 * Rachel. # 6-12,18 30:1,2,22 35:19,20,24 46:19-22 48:7 1Sa 10:2 Jer 31:15 Mt 2:18 * beautiful. # 12:11 24:16 39:6 Pr 31:30 * loved. # 20,30 * I will serve. In ancient times, it was a custom among many nations to give dowries for their wives; but Jacob, being poor, offered for Rachel seven year's service. # 31:41 34:12 Ex 22:16,17 2Sa 3:14 Ho 3:2 12:12 # Ps 12:2 Isa 6:5,11 * A.M. 2251. B.C. 1753. served. # 30:26 Ho 12:12 * for the love. # 24:67 So 8:6,7 1Co 13:7 2Co 5:14 Eph 5:2 * Give me. # Mt 1:18 * my days. # 18,20 31:41 * go in. # 4:1 38:16 Jud 15:1 * and made. # Jud 14:10-18 Ru 4:10-13 Mt 22:2-10 25:1-10 Joh 2:1-10 Re 19:9 * brought her. # 24:65 38:14,15 Mic 7:5 * Zilpah. # 16:1 24:59 30:9-12 46:18 * in the morning. # 1Co 3:13 * wherefore. # 27:35,36 Jud 1:7 Pr 11:31 Mt 7:2,12 Joh 21:17 Re 3:19 * country. Heb. place. # 26 * week. # 2:2,3 8:10-12 Le 18:18 Jud 14:10,12 Mal 2:15 1Ti 6:10 * we will. # 20 * fulfilled her week. The public marriage feast made on this occasion, seems to have formed the regular method of recognising the marriage, and lasted seven days: it would therefore have been improper to have broken off the solemnities to which all the men of the place had been invited (ver. 22) and probably Laban wished to keep the fraud from the public eye. It is perfectly plain that Jacob did not serve seven years more before he got Rachel to wife. # 28 * Bilhah. See on ver. # 24 30:3-8 35:22,25 37:2 * he loved. # 20,31 44:20,27 De 21:15 Mt 6:24 10:37 Lu 14:26 Joh 12:25 * served. # 18 30:25,26 31:15,41 1Sa 18:17-27 Ho 12:12 * saw. # Ex 3:7 * was hated. # 30 27:41 De 21:15 Mal 1:3 Mt 6:24 10:37 Lu 14:26 Joh 12:25 * he opened. # 16:1 20:18 21:1,2 25:21 30:1,2,22 Jud 13:2,3 1Sa 1:5,20,27 # 1Sa 2:21 Ps 127:3 Lu 1:7 * A.M. 2252. B.C. 1752. his name. # 35:22 37:21,22,29 42:22,27 46:8,9 49:3,4 1Ch 5:1 * Reuben. that is, See a son. looked. # Ex 3:7 4:31 De 26:7 1Sa 1:11,20 2Sa 16:12 Ps 25:18 106:44 # Lu 1:25 * A.M. 2253. B.C. 1751. Because. # 30:6,8,18,20 * called. # 34:25,30 35:23 42:24 49:5,6 * Simeon. that is, Hearing. * A.M. 2254. B.C. 1750. was. # 34:25 35:23 46:11 49:5-7 Ex 2:1 32:26-29 De 33:8-10 * Levi. that is, joined. # Nu 18:2-4 * A.M. 2255. B.C. 1749. called. # 35:26 38:1-30 43:8,9 44:18-34 46:12 49:8-12 De 33:7 1Ch 5:2 # Mt 1:2 * Judah. that is, Praise. left bearing. Heb. stood from bearing. ch. # 49:8 That is, for a time; for she had several children afterwards. (See ch. 30:17, etc.). 1 Rachel, in grief for her barrenness, gives Bilhah her maid unto Jacob. 5 Bilhah bears Dan and Naphtali. 9 Leah gives Zilpah her maid, who bears Gad and Asher. 14 Reuben finds mandrakes, with which Leah buys her husband's company of Rachel. 17 Leah bears Issachar, Zebulun, and Dinah. 22 Rachel bears Joseph. 25 Jacob desires to depart. 27 Laban detains him on a new agreement. 37 Jacob's policy, whereby he becomes rich. * when Rachel. # 29:31 * Rachel envied. Envy and jealousy are most tormenting passions to the breast which harbours them, vexatious to all around, and introductory to much impatience and ungodliness. 'Who is able to stand before envy?' # 37:11 1Sa 1:4-8 Ps 106:16 Pr 14:30 Ec 4:4 1Co 3:3 Ga 5:21 # Tit 3:3 Jas 3:14 4:5 * or else I die. # 35:16-19 37:11 Nu 11:15,29 1Ki 19:4 Job 3:1-3,11,20-22 5:2 # Job 13:19 Jer 20:14-18 Joh 4:3,8 2Co 7:10 * anger. # 31:36 Ex 32:19 Mt 5:22 Mr 3:5 Eph 4:26 * Am I. # 16:2 25:21 50:19 1Sa 1:5 2:5,6 2Ki 5:7 * withheld. # De 7:13,14 Ps 113:9 127:3 Lu 1:42 * Behold. # 9 16:2,3 * she shall. # 50:23 Job 3:12 * have children by her. Heb. be built up by her. # 16:2 *marg: # Ru 4:11 * to wife. # 16:3 21:10 22:24 25:1,6 33:2 35:22 2Sa 12:11 # 5 * A.M. 2256. B.C. 1748. God. # 29:32-35 Ps 35:24 43:1 La 3:59 * Dan. that is, Judging. # 35:25 46:23 49:16,17 De 33:22 Jer 13:2,24 15:14-20 * A.M. 2257. B.C. 1747. # 7 * great wrestlings. Heb. wrestlings of God. # 23:6 32:24 Ex 9:28 1Sa 14:15 *marg: * and she. # 35:25 46:24 49:21 De 33:23 * Naphtali. that is, My wrestling. # 32:24,25 Mt 4:13 * Nephthalim. * A.M. 2256. B.C. 1748. left. # 17 29:35 * gave her. # 4 16:3 # 10 * she. # 35:26 46:16 49:19 De 33:20,21 * Gad. that is, A troop, or company. # Isa 65:11 # 12 * A.M. 2257. B.C. 1747. Happy am I. Heb. In my happiness. will call. # Pr 31:28 So 6:9 Lu 1:48 * and she. # 35:26 46:17 49:20 De 33:24,25 * Asher. that is, Happy. * A.M. 2256. B.C. 1748. mandrakes. The mandrake may be the Hebrew dudaim: it is so rendered by all the ancient versions, and is a species of melon, of an agreeable odour. Hasselquist, speaking of Nazareth in Galilee, says, 'What I found most remarkable at this village was the great number of mandrakes which grew in a vale below it. I had not the pleasure of seeing this plant in blossom, the fruit now (May 5th, O. S.) hanging ripe on the stem, which lay withered on the ground. From the season in which this mandrake blossoms and ripens fruit, one might form a conjecture that it was Rachel's dudaim. These were brought her in the wheat harvest, which in Galilee is in the month of May, about this time, and the mandrake was now in fruit.' The Abbee Mariti describes it as growing 'low like a lettuce, to which its leaves have a great resemblance, except that they have a dark green colour. The flowers are purple, and the root is for the most part forked. The fruit, when ripe in the beginning of May, is of the size and colour of a small apple, exceedingly ruddy, and of a most agreeable odour. Our guide thought us fools for suspecting it to be unwholesome.' # So 7:13 * Give me. # 25:30 # Nu 16:9,10,13 Isa 7:13 Eze 16:47 1Co 4:3 # 16 * A.M. 2257. B.C. 1747. # 6,22 Ex 3:7 1Sa 1:20,26,27 Lu 1:13 * and she. # 35:23 46:13 49:14,15 De 33:18 1Ch 12:32 * Issachar. that is, An hire. # 19 * A.M. cir. 2258. B.C. cir. 1746. now will. # 15 29:34 * and she. # 35:23 46:14 49:13 Jud 4:10 5:14 Ps 68:27 * Zebulun. that is, Dwelling. # Mt 4:13 * Zabulon. * A.M. cir. 2259. B.C. 1745. and called. # 34:1-3,26 46:15 * Dinah. that is, Judgment. * remembered. # 8:1 21:1 29:31 1Sa 1:19,20 Ps 105:42 * opened. # 2 21:1,2 25:21 29:31 Ps 113:9 127:3 'Be fruitful and multiply,' was the blessing of God: barrenness therefore was reckoned a reproach. The intense desire of having children, observable among the Jewish women, arose not only from this reproach of barrenness, but from the hope of being the mother of the promised seed, and Him in whom all the nations of the earth were to be blessed. # 29:31 1Sa 1:5,6 Isa 4:1 Lu 1:21,25,27 * And she. # 35:24 37:2,4 39:1-23 42:6 48:1 *etc: # 49:22-26 De 33:13-17 Eze 37:16 Ac 7:9-15 Heb 11:21,22 Re 7:8 * Joseph. that is, Adding. # 35:17,18 * Send me away. # 24:54,56 * mine. # 18:33 31:55 * and to. # 24:6,7 26:3 27:44,45 28:13,15 31:13 Ac 7:4,5 Heb 11:9,15,16 * my wives. # 29:19,20,30 31:26,31,41 Ho 12:12 * for thou. # 29,30 31:6,38-40 * favour. # 18:3 33:15 34:11 39:3-5,21 47:25 Ex 3:21 Nu 11:11,15 Ru 2:13 # 1Sa 16:22 1Ki 11:19 Ne 1:11 2:5 Da 1:9 Ac 7:10 * the Lord. # 30 12:3 26:24 39:2-5,21-23 Ps 1:3 Isa 6:13 61:9 65:8 # 29:15,19 * See on ver. # 5 31:6,38-40 Mt 24:45 Eph 6:5-8 Col 3:22-25 Tit 2:9,10 # 1Pe 2:15,18 * increased. Heb. broken forth. # 43 * and the. # 27 * since my coming. Heb. at my foot. # De 11:10 * when. # 2Co 12:14 1Ti 5:8 # 2Sa 21:4-6 Ps 118:8 Heb 13:5 * of such. # 35 31:8,10 * righteousness. # 31:37 1Sa 26:23 2Sa 22:21 Ps 37:6 * answer. # Isa 59:12 * in time to come. Heb. to-morrow. # Ex 13:14 * that shall be. Supply the ellipsis by inserting 'if found,' after 'stolen,' and the sense will be clear. # Nu 22:29 1Co 7:7 14:5 Ga 5:12 * he removed. From this it appears, that, as Jacob had agreed to take all the parti-coloured for his wages, and was now only beginning to act upon this agreement, and consequently had as yet no right to any of the cattle, therefore Laban separated from the flock all such cattle as Jacob might afterwards claim in consequence of his bargain, leaving only the black and white with Jacob. * the hand. # 31:9 # 36 * Jacob. # 31:9-13 * green poplar. Livneh is the white poplar, so called from the whiteness of its leaves, bark, and wood, from lavan to be white. * hasel. Jerome, Hiller, Celsius, Dr. Shaw, Bochart, and other learned men, say, that luz is not the 'hazel' but the almond-tree, as the word denotes both in Arabic and Syriac. * chestnut tree. The Heb. word armon, signifies 'the plane-tree,' so called from the bark naturally peeling off, and leaving the trunk naked, as its root aram, signifies. # Eze 31:8 # 38 * brought forth. # 31:9-12,38,40,42 Ex 12:35,36 # 40 * whensoever the stronger cattle did conceive. As the means which Jacob used would not in general produce similar effects, nay, probably the experiment was never in any other instance tried with effect, it is more in harmony with Divine truth to suppose that he was directed by some Divine intimation; and rendered successful, if not by a direct miracle, yet at least by the Lord's giving a new and uncommon bias to the tendency of natural causes. # 41 # 42 # 30 13:2 24:35 26:13,14 28:15 31:7,8,42 32:10 33:11 36:7 Ec 2:7 # Eze 39:10 The Lord will, in one way or other, honour those who simply trust his providence. 1 Jacob, displeased with the envy of Laban and his sons, departs secretly. 19 Rachel steals her father's images. 22 Laban pursues after him, and complains of the wrong. 34 Rachel's stratagem to hide the images. 36 Jacob's complaint of Laban. 43 The covenant of Laban and Jacob at Galeed. * Jacob. # 8,9 Job 31:31 Ps 57:4 64:3,4 120:3-5 Pr 14:30 27:4 Ec 4:4 # Eze 16:44 Tit 3:3 * glory. 'Glory' is here used for 'wealth,' riches, or property; since those who possess riches, generally make them the subject of glory. The original word cavod, signifies both 'glory' and 'weight.' # 45:13 Es 5:11 Job 31:24,25 Ps 17:14 49:16,17 Ec 4:4 Isa 5:14 # Jer 9:23 Mt 4:8 1Ti 6:4 1Pe 1:24 * countenance. # 4:5 De 28:54 1Sa 18:9-11 Da 3:19 * it was. # 30:27 * as before. Heb. as yesterday and the day before. # Ex 4:10 De 19:4 1Sa 19:7 *marg: * Return. # 28:15,20,21 *etc: # 32:9 35:1 46:2,3 50:24 Ps 46:1 50:15 90:15 * land. # 13,18 13:15 26:3-5 28:4,13,15 30:25 * with thee. # 21:22 26:24 28:15 32:9 Isa 41:10 Heb 13:5 # 4 * I see. # 2,3 * the God. # 3,13,42,53 32:9 48:15 50:17 # 38-42 30:29 Eph 6:5-8 Col 3:22-25 Tit 2:9,10 1Pe 2:18 * ten times. The Hebrew, asereth monim, is literally, as Aquila renders, 'ten numbers;' and Symmachus, 'ten times in number;' which probably implies an indefinite number: see ver. 41. # Le 26:26 Nu 14:22 Ne 4:12 Job 19:8 Isa 4:1 Zec 8:23 * God. # 29 20:6 Job 1:10 Ps 37:28 105:14,15 Isa 54:17 # 30:32 # 1,16 Es 8:1,2 Ps 50:10 Pr 13:22 Mt 20:15 * a dream. # 24 20:6 28:12 Nu 12:6 De 13:1 1Ki 3:5 * rams. or, he-goats. ringstraked. # 30:39 * grisled. The original word, beroodim, from barad, 'hail' means marked with white spots like hail; to which our word grisled, from the old french gresle, now grele, hail, perfectly agrees; hence gresle, spotted with white on a dark ground. * the angel. # 5,13 16:7-13 18:1,17 48:15,16 * Here am I. # 22:1 Ex 3:4 1Sa 3:4,6,8,16 Isa 58:9 * Lift up. # 30:37-43 * I have seen. # 42 Ex 3:7,9 Le 19:13 De 24:15 Ps 12:5 139:3 Ec 5:8 Ac 7:34 # Eph 6:9 * the God. # 28:12-22 35:7 * return. # 3 32:9 * Rachel. # Ru 4:11 * yet any. # 2:24 29:24,29 * sold us. # 41 29:15-20,27-30 30:26 Ex 21:7-11 Ne 5:8 * which God. See on ver. # 1,9 30:35-43 * whatsoever. # Ps 45:10 * upon camels. # 24:10,61 1Sa 30:17 * for to go. # 27:1,2,41 28:21 35:27-29 * images. Heb. teraphim. # 30,32 35:2 Jos 24:2 Jud 17:4,5 18:14-24,31 1Sa 19:13 Eze 21:21 # Ho 3:4 These might have been images devoted to superstitious or idolatrous purposes, as they are termed gods by Laban, in ver. 30. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan render it, tzalmanaya, 'images;' the LXX. and Theodoret, [eidolon <1497,] 'idols;' Aquilla, [morphomata,] 'figures;' and the Persian, asterlabha, 'astrolabes.' * unawares to Laban. Heb. the heart of Laban. See references on ver. 27. # 20 * passed. # 2:14 15:18 Jos 24:2,3 * set his. # 46:28 Nu 24:1 2Ki 12:17 Jer 50:5 Lu 9:51-53 * Gilead. # 23 Nu 32:1 De 3:12 Jos 13:8,9 Jud 10:18 1Ki 17:1 # 30:36 Ex 14:5 *etc: # Job 5:12,13 # 13:8 24:27 Ex 2:11,13 * the Syrian. # 28:5 De 26:5 Ho 12:12 * dream. # 10,29 20:3 40:5 41:1 Nu 12:6 22:20,26 1Ki 3:5 Job 33:15-17,25 # Mt 1:20 2:12 27:19 * Take heed. # 42 24:50 Nu 24:13 2Sa 13:22 Ps 105:14,15 Isa 37:29 * either good or bad. Heb. from good to bad. # 12:8 33:18 Heb 11:9 * What. # 36 3:13 4:10 12:18 20:9,10 26:10 Jos 7:19 1Sa 14:43 17:29 # Joh 18:35 * carried. # 16 2:24 34:29 1Sa 30:2 * Wherefore. # 3-5,20,21,31 Jud 6:27 * steal away from me. Heb. hast stolen me. # 20 *marg: * that I. # Pr 26:23-26 * with mirth. # 24:59,60 Job 21:11-14 * tabret. # Ex 15:20 * kiss. # 55 29:13 Ex 4:27 Ru 1:9,14 1Ki 19:20 Ac 20:37 * foolishly. # 3,13,24 1Sa 13:13 2Ch 16:9 1Co 2:14 * the power. # Ps 52:1 Joh 19:10,11 * the God. # 42,53 28:13 Jos 24:2,3 2Ki 19:10 Da 2:47 3:28 6:20,26 * yesternight. # 24 * Take. # Ac 5:38,39 9:5 * my gods. # 19 Ex 12:12 Nu 33:4 Jud 6:31 18:24 1Sa 5:2-6 2Sa 5:21 # Isa 37:19 46:1,2 Jer 10:11 43:12 * Because. # 26,27 20:11 Pr 29:25 * whomsoever. This was rash, and might have produced fatal effects; but Jacob was partial to Rachel, and did not suspect her; and he was indignant at being accused of a crime which he deeply abhorred. Scott. # 19,30 44:9-12 * before. # 23 13:8 19:7 30:33 1Sa 12:3-5 2Co 8:20,21 12:17-19 * For Jacob. # 1Sa 14:24-29 * Leah's. # 24:28,67 * had taken. # 17,19 * furniture. The word, car, rendered 'furniture,' properly denotes 'a large round pannier,' placed one on each side of a camel, for a person, especially women, to ride in. It is a hamper, like a cradle, having a back, head, and sides, like a great chair. Moryson describes them as 'two long chairs like cradles, covered with red cloth, to hang on the two sides of the camel.' Hanway calls them kedgavays, which 'are a kind of covered chairs, which the Persians hang over their camels in the manner of panniers, and are big enough for one person to sit in.' Thevenot, who calls then counes, says that they lay over them a cover, which keeps then both from the rain and sun; and Maillet describes them as covered cages, hanging on each side of a camel. The late Editor of Calmet has furnished a correct delineation of these cars, as seen on one side of a camel, copied from Dalton's Prints of Egyptian Figures. * searched. Heb. felt. * my lord. # 18:12 Ex 20:12 Le 19:3 Eph 6:1 1Pe 2:18 3:6 * rise up. # Le 19:32 1Ki 2:19 * custom. # 18:11 Le 15:19 * was wroth. # 30:2 34:7 49:7 Nu 16:15 2Ki 5:11 13:19 Pr 28:1 Mr 3:5 Eph 4:26 # Jas 1:19,20 * set it here. # 32 Jos 7:23 1Sa 12:3,4 Mt 18:16 1Co 6:4,5 1Th 2:10 Heb 13:18 # 1Pe 2:12 3:16 * twenty. # 41 * ewes. # 30:27,30 Ex 23:26 De 28:4 * the rams. # Eze 34:2-4 * torn of. # Ex 22:10,31 Le 22:8 1Sa 17:34,35 Joh 10:12,13 * I bare. # Ex 22:10-13 * or stolen. # Lu 2:8 # Ex 2:19-22 3:1 Ps 78:70,71 Ho 12:12 Lu 2:8 Joh 21:15-17 # Heb 13:7 1Pe 5:2-4 * fourteen. # 38 29:18-30 30:33-40 1Co 15:10 2Co 11:26 * ten times. See on ver. # 7 * Except. # 24,29 Ps 124:1-3 * fear. # 53 27:33 Ps 76:11,12 124:1 Isa 8:13 * hath seen. # 12 11:5 16:11,13 29:32 Ex 3:7 1Ch 12:17 Ps 31:7 Jude 1:9 # 43 * let us. # 15:18 21:22-32 26:28-31 1Sa 20:14-17 * a witness. # 48,52 21:30 De 31:19,21,26 Jos 22:27 24:25-27 God can put a bridle into the mouth of wicked man to restrain their malice; and then, though they have no love for his people, they will pretend to it, and try to make a merit of necessity. Scott. # 28:18-22 * brethren. # 23,32,37,54 * Gather. # Jos 4:5-9,20-24 7:26 2Sa 18:17 Ec 3:5 * an heap. The word gal, rendered 'heap,' properly signifies a round heap or circle; probably like the Druidical remains in this country, which have been traced in India, Persia, Western Asia, Greece, and Northern Europe. These usually consist of irregular circles of large stones, with a principal one in the midst; the former probably being used for seats, and the latter for an altar; corresponding to the stone set up as a pillar by Jacob, and the heap of stones collected by his brethren. They appear to have been used, as Gilgal undoubtedly was, (Jos. 4:5; Ju. 2:1; 3:19; ch. 20. 1Sa. 7:16; 10:8, 17; 11:15; 13:7; 15:33. 2Sa. 19:15, 40. 2Ki. 2:1.) as temples, and as places for holding councils, and assembling the people. For a satisfactory elucidation of this subject, consult the Fragments to Calmet, Nos. 156, 735, 736. * Jegar-sahadutha. i.e., the heap of witness. Chald. Galeed. i.e., the heap of witness. Heb. # Heb 12:1 * This heap. # Jos 24:27 * Galeed. or, Gilead. # 23 De 2:36 3:16 Jos 13:8,9 * Mizpah. i.e., a beacon, or watch-tower. # Jud 10:17 11:11,29 * Mizpeh. # 1Sa 7:5 1Ki 15:22 Ho 5:1 * afflict. # Le 18:18 Mt 19:5,6 * God. # Jud 11:10 1Sa 12:5 Jer 29:23 42:5 Mic 1:2 Mal 2:14 3:5 1Th 2:5 * I have cast. For yarithi, 'I have set up,' we may read yaritha, 'Thou hast set up,' with one Heb. and one Sam. MS: see ver. 45. # 51 * See on ver. # 44,45,48 * God of Abraham. # 11:24-29,31 17:7 22:20-24 24:3,4 Ex 3:6 Jos 24:2 * their father. For avihem, 'Their father,' several MSS. read avichem, 'Your father,' for Terah was an idolater: see Jos 24:2. * judge. # 16:5 * sware. # 14:22 21:23,24 24:3 26:28-31 * fear. # 42 De 6:13 * offered sacrifice. or, killed beasts. did eat. # 21:8 26:30 37:25 Ex 18:12 2Sa 3:20,21 * and kissed. # 28 33:4 Ru 1:14 * blessed. # 24:60 28:1 Nu 23:5,8,11 De 23:5 Pr 16:7 * returned. # 18:33 30:25 Nu 24:25 De 32:36 Ps 76:10 Ac 28:4,5 1 Jacob's vision at Mahanaim. 3 His message to Esau. 6 He is afraid of Esau's coming. 9 He prays for deliverance. 13 He sends a present to Esau, and passes the brook Jabbok. 24 He wrestles with an angel at Peniel, where he is called Israel. 31 He halts. * angels. # Ps 91:11 Heb 1:4 1Co 3:22 Eph 3:10 * God's. # Jos 5:14 2Ki 6:17 Ps 34:7 103:21 148:2 Da 10:20 Lu 2:13 * the name. # Jos 21:38 2Sa 2:8,12 17:24,26,27 1Ki 2:8 4:14 * Mahanain. i.e., two hosts, or camps. # So 6:13 Mahanaim was situated between Gilead and the river Jabbok, near the present Djezan. * sent. # Mal 3:1 Lu 9:52 14:31,32 * land. The land, or mountains, of Seir was situated south and east of the Dead Sea; forming a continuation of the eastern Syrian chain of mountains, beginning with Antilibanus, and extending from thence to the eastern gulf of the Red Sea. * Seir. # 14:6 33:14,16 36:6-8 De 2:5,22 Jos 24:4 * country. Heb. field. Edom. # 25:30 * my lord. # 5,18 4:7 23:6 27:29,37 33:8 Ex 32:22 1Sa 26:17 Pr 6:3 15:1 Lu 14:11 # 1Pe 3:6 * servant. # 1Ki 20:32 Ec 10:4 * have oxen. # 30:43 31:1,16 33:11 Job 6:22 * may find. # 33:8,15 47:25 Ru 2:2 1Sa 1:18 2Sa 16:4 * and four. # 8,11 27:40,41 33:1 Am 5:19 * greatly. # Ex 14:10 Ps 18:4,5 31:13 55:4,5 61:2 142:4 Mt 8:26 Joh 16:33 # Ac 14:22 2Co 1:4,8-10 2Ti 3:12 * distressed. # 35:3 Ps 107:6 * and he. # Ps 112:5 Pr 2:11 Isa 28:26 Mt 10:16 # 33:1-3 Mt 10:16 * Jacob. # 1Sa 30:6 2Ch 20:6,12 32:20 Ps 34:4-6 50:15 91:15 Php 4:6,7 * O God. # 17:7 28:13 31:29,42,53 Ex 3:6 * the Lord. # 31:3,13 * not worthy of the least of all. Heb. less than all. # 18:27 2Sa 7:18 Job 42:5,6 Ps 16:2 Isa 6:5 63:7 Da 9:8,9 Lu 5:8 # Lu 17:10 2Co 12:11 1Ti 1:12-15 1Pe 5:5 1Jo 1:8-10 * mercies. # 24:27 Ps 8:5 * truth. # 24:27 28:15 Ps 61:7 85:10 Mic 7:20 * my staff. # 28:10,11 Job 8:7 Ps 18:35 * two bands. # 5,7 30:43 De 8:18 Ps 18:35 84:7 Job 17:9 Pr 4:18 * Deliver. # 1Sa 12:10 24:15 Ps 16:1 25:20 31:2 43:1 59:1,2 119:134 142:6 # Pr 18:19 Da 3:17 Mt 6:13 * the mother. # De 22:6 Ho 10:14 * with. Heb. upon. * thou. # 6 Ex 32:13 Nu 23:19 1Sa 15:29 Mt 24:35 2Ti 2:13 Tit 1:2 # Heb 6:17 * I will. # 28:13-15 46:3,4 * which. # 1Sa 25:8 * to his hand. Or, 'under his hand' or power; i.e., what Providence had put in his power or possession. * a present. # 20,21 18:2 33:10 42:6 43:11,26 1Sa 25:27 Pr 17:8 18:16 19:6 21:14 * This was a princely present. The 'thirty milch camels' were particularly valuable; for among the Arabs they constitute a principal part of their riches; being every way so serviceable, that the providence of God appears peculiarly kind and wise in providing such animals for those countries, where no other animal could be of equal service. The she-camel gives milk continually, not ceasing even when with young; the milk of which, when mixed with three parts of water, affords the most pleasant and wholesome beverage. # 30:43 31:9,16 De 8:18 1Sa 25:2 Job 1:3 42:12 # 15 * space. # 20 33:8,9 Ps 112:5 Pr 2:11 Isa 28:26 Mt 10:16 * Whose art. # 33:3 * See on ver. # 4,5 # 19 * I will appease. # 43:11 1Sa 25:17-35 Job 42:8,9 Pr 15:18 16:14 21:14 * peradventure. # 1Sa 6:5 1Ki 20:31 Jon 3:9 2Ti 2:25 * of me. Heb. my face. # Job 42:8,9 Pr 6:35 # 21 * his two wives. # 29:21-35 30:1-24 35:18,22-26 1Ti 5:8 * the ford Jabbok. Or, 'the ford of Jabbok,' a stream which takes its rise in the mountains of Gilead, and falls into the Jordan to the south of the lake of Gennesareth. It is now called the Zerka. # De 2:37 3:16 Jos 12:2 * sent them. Heb. caused to pass. # 23 * wrestled. # 30:8 Lu 13:24 22:44 Ro 8:26,27 15:30 Eph 6:12,18 Col 2:1 4:12 # Heb 5:7 * man. # 28,30 48:16 Isa 32:2 Ho 12:3-5 1Co 15:47 * breaking of the day. Heb. ascending of the morning. # Ex 14:27 So 2:17 * that he. # 19:22 Nu 14:13,14 Isa 41:14 45:11 Ho 12:3,4 Mt 15:22-28 # Lu 11:5-8 * touched. # 32 Ps 30:6,7 Mt 26:41,44 2Co 12:7-9 * Let me go. # Ex 32:10 De 9:14 So 7:5 Isa 45:11 64:7 Lu 24:28,29 * I will not. # So 3:4 Ho 12:4 Lu 18:1-7 Ro 8:37 1Co 15:58 2Co 12:8,9 Heb 5:7 * thou bless. # 1Ch 4:10 Ps 67:1,6,7 115:12,13 # 27 * Thy name. # 17:5,15 33:20 35:10 Nu 13:16 2Sa 12:25 2Ki 17:34 Isa 62:2-4 # Isa 65:15 Joh 1:42 Re 2:17 * Israel. i.e., a prince of God. as a prince. Or, according to the LXX., Vulgate, Houbigant, Dathe, and Rosenmuller, 'because thou hast power with God, thou shalt also prevail with men.' There is a beautiful antithesis between the two terms, with [Elohim,] Elohim, god, the Almighty, with [anashim,] anashim, weak, feeble men, as the word imports; seeing thou hast had power with the Almighty, surely thou shalt prevail over perishing mortals. * power. # 24 Ho 12:3-5 * with men. # 25:31 27:33-36 31:24,36-55 33:4 1Sa 26:25 Pr 16:7 * Wherefore. # 27 De 29:29 Jud 13:16-18 Job 11:7 Pr 30:4 Isa 9:6 Lu 1:19 * blessed. # 26 27:28,29 28:3,4,13,14 Ho 6:1 * Jacob. # 31 * Penuel. # 28:19 Jud 8:8,17 1Ki 12:25 * Peniel. i.e., the face of God. Peniel, or Penuel, was evidently situated near the ford of Jabbok, on the north of that stream, about forty miles from Jerusalem. * I have. # 16:13 Ex 24:10,11 33:14,19-23 Nu 12:8 De 5:24 34:10 # Jud 6:22,23 13:21,22 Isa 6:5 Joh 1:18 2Co 3:18 4:6 Ga 1:6 # Eph 1:17 Col 1:15 2Ti 1:10 Heb 11:27 * rose upon. # 19:15,23 Mal 4:2 * he halted. # 25 Ps 38:17 2Co 12:7,9 * eat not. # 1Sa 5:5 1 Jacob and Esau's meeting; and Esau's departure. 17 Jacob comes to Succoth. 18 At Shalem he buys a field, and builds an altar, called El-elohe-Israel. * Esau came. # 27:41,42 32:6 * And he. # 32:7,16 * Rachel. # 29:30 30:22-24 37:3 Mal 3:17 * passed. # Joh 10:4,11,12,15 * bowed. # 18:2 42:6 43:26 Pr 6:3 Ec 10:4 Lu 14:11 * seven times. # 1Sa 2:5 * embraced. # 32:28 43:30,34 45:2,15 Job 2:12 Ne 1:11 Ps 34:4 Pr 16:7 21:1 * fell on. # 45:14,15 46:29 Lu 15:20 Ac 20:37 * with. Heb. to. children. # 30:2 48:9 Ru 4:13 1Sa 1:27 1Ch 28:5 Ps 127:3 Isa 8:18 Heb 2:13 # 6 # 7 * What meanest thou by all this drove? Heb. What is all this band to thee? ch. # 32:13-20 * to find. # 32:5 39:5 Es 2:17 * have enough. # 27:39 Pr 30:15 Ec 4:8 * my brother. # 4:9 27:41 Jud 20:23 Pr 16:7 Ac 9:17 21:20 Phm 1:7,16 * keep that thou hast unto thyself. Heb. be that to thee that is thine. * if now. # 19:19 47:29 50:4 Ex 33:12,13 Ru 2:10 1Sa 20:3 Jer 31:2 * receive. To accept a present from an inferior was a customary pledge of friendship; but returning it implied disaffection. It was on this ground that Jacob was so urgent with Esau to receive his present. * I have seen. # 32:30 43:3 2Sa 3:13 14:24,28,32 Job 33:26 Ps 41:11 Mt 18:10 # Re 22:4 * my blessing. # 32:13-20 Jos 15:19 Jud 1:15 1Sa 25:27 30:26 2Ki 5:15 2Co 9:5,6 * and because. # 9 Php 4:11,12,18 * enough. Heb. all things. # Ro 8:31,32 1Co 3:21 2Co 6:10 Php 4:12,18 1Ti 4:8 * urged him. # 2Ki 2:17 5:16,23 Lu 14:23 # 12 * the children. # 1Ch 22:5 Pr 12:10 Isa 40:11 Eze 34:15,16,23-25 Joh 21:15-17 * according as, etc. Heb. according to the foot of the work, etc.; and according to the foot of the children. * be able. # Isa 40:11 Mr 4:33 Ro 15:1 1Co 3:2 9:19-22 * unto Seir. See on ch. # 32:3 De 2:1 Jud 5:4 2Ch 20:10 Eze 25:8 35:2,3 * leave. Heb. set, or place. What needeth it? Heb. Wherefore is this? * find grace. # 34:11 47:25 Ru 2:13 1Sa 25:8 2Sa 16:4 # 16 * Succoth. # Jos 13:27 Jud 8:5,8,16 1Ki 7:46 Ps 60:6 * not. # Ex 12:37 13:20 * Succoth. i.e., Booths. Succoth was on the east of Jordan, between the brook Jabbok and that river, about 40 miles from Jerusalem, and consequently near Penuel; where a city was afterwards built, which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Gad. Jerome says, that Succoth was in the district of Scythopolis; and the Jews inform us, that the name of Darala was sometime after applied to it. * Shalem. The word Shalem, in the Samaritan Shalom, should probably be rendered 'in peace,' or 'in safety;' as it is translated by the Chaldee, Arabic, Coverdale, and Matthewes. # Joh 3:23 4:5 Ac 7:16 * a city of Shechem. Or, rather, 'the city Shechem,' which was situated in a narrow valley, abounding with springs, between Mounts Ebal and Gerizim, having the former on the north, and the latter on the south; 10 miles from Shiloh, and 34 from Jerusalem. It became the capital of Samaria, after the ruin of the city of that name. # Jos 24:1 Jud 9:1 Joh 4:5 * Sychar. # Ac 7:16 * Sychem. Padan-aram. # 25:20 28:6,7 35:9 46:15 * bought. # 23:17-20 49:30-32 Jos 24:32 Joh 4:5 Ac 7:16 * Hamor. # 34:2 *etc: # Ac 7:16 * Emmor. pieces of money. or, lambs. * altar. # 8:20 12:7,8 13:18 21:33 * El-elohe-Israel. i.e., God, the God of Israel. # 32:28 35:7 1 Dinah is ravished by Shechem. 4 He sues to marry her. 13 The sons of Jacob offer the condition of circumcision to the Shechemites. 20 Hamor and Shechem persuade them to accept it. 25 The sons of Jacob upon that advantage slay them, and spoil their city. 30 Jacob reproves Simeon and Levi. * A.M. 2272. B.C. 1732. * Dinah. # 30:21 46:15 * the daughters. # 26:34 27:46 28:6 30:13 Jer 2:36 1Ti 5:13 Tit 2:5 * Shechem. # 10:17 33:19 * saw her. # 6:2 39:6,7 Jud 14:1 2Sa 11:2 Job 31:1,9 Pr 13:20 Mt 5:28 * took her. # 20:2 * defiled her. Heb. humbled her. # De 21:14 22:24,29 Jud 19:24,25 Eze 22:10,11 * soul. # Ru 1:14 1Sa 18:1 * kindly unto the damsel. Heb. to the heart of the damsel. # 2Sa 19:7 2Ch 30:22 Isa 40:2 Ho 2:14 *marg: # 21:21 Jud 14:2 2Sa 13:13 * now his. # 30:35 37:13,14 1Sa 10:27 16:11 17:15 2Sa 13:22 Lu 15:25,29 * held. # Le 10:3 Ps 39:9 # 6 * were. # 46:7 2Sa 13:21 * wrought. # Ex 19:5,6 De 22:21 Jos 7:15 Jud 19:22-25 20:6 2Sa 13:12,13 # Ps 93:5 Pr 7:7 1Pe 2:9 * thing. # 20:9 Le 4:2,13,27 De 23:17 1Co 6:18 10:8 Eph 5:3 Col 3:5 # 1Ti 5:13 Heb 13:4 Jas 3:10 * The soul. # 3 1Ki 11:2 Ps 63:1 84:2 119:20 # 6:2 19:14 24:3 26:34,35 27:46 De 7:3 * and the land. # 21-23 13:9 20:15 42:34 47:27 # 18:3 33:15 * Ask me. On the practice of purchasing wives, De La Roque says, "Properly speaking, a young man who would marry must purchase his wife; and fathers among the Arabs are never so happy as when they have many daughters. They form part of the riches of the house. Accordingly, when a young man would treat with a person whose daughter he is inclined to marry, he says to him, 'Will you give me your daughter for fifty sheep, for six camels, or for a dozen cows?' according to the rank of her family, and the circumstances of him who desires to marry her." * dowry. # 24:53 29:18 31:41 Ex 22:16,17 De 22:28,29 1Sa 18:25-27 # 2Sa 3:14 Ho 3:2 Mt 14:17 * deceitfully. # 25:27-34 Jud 15:3 2Sa 13:23-29 Job 13:4,7 Ps 12:2 Pr 12:13 # Pr 12:18-20 24:28,29 26:24-26 Isa 59:13 Mic 7:2 Ro 12:19 # 1Th 5:15 Mt 28:13 * uncircumcised. # 17:11 Jos 5:2-9 1Sa 14:6 17:26,36 2Sa 1:20 15:7 1Ki 21:9 # Mt 2:8,13 23:1-39 Ro 4:11 # Ga 4:12 # 16 # 17 # 18 * because. # 29:20 So 8:6 Isa 62:4 * honourable. # 41:20 Nu 22:15 1Sa 22:14 2Ki 5:1 1Ch 4:9 Isa 3:3-5 5:13 23:8,9 # Ac 13:50 17:12 * the gate. # 22:17 23:10 De 17:5 Ru 4:1 Job 29:7 Pr 31:23 Am 5:10,12,15 # Zec 8:16 # 21 # 15-17 # Pr 1:12,13 23:4,5 28:20 Joh 2:16 6:26,27 Ac 19:24-26 # 1Ti 6:6-10 * hearkened. In thus falling into this measure, the Shechemites must either have had great affection for their chief and his son, or have been under the influence of the most passive obedience. The petty princes of Asia have always been absolute and despotic; their subjects paying them the most prompt and blind obedience. The following instance will sufficiently illustrate and confirm this statement: Abu Thaher, chief of the Carmathians, about the year 930, with only 500 horse, went to lay siege to Bagdad: the khalif's general marched out to seize him; but before the attack, sent an officer to summon him to surrender. 'How many men has the khalif's general?' said Abu Thaher; '30,000,' replied the officer. 'Among them all,' says the Carmathian chief, 'has he got three like mine?' Then ordering his followers to approach, he commanded one to stab himself, another to throw himself from a precipice, and a third to plunge into the Tigris: all three instantly obeyed, and perished! Then turning to the officer, he said, 'He who has such troops need not value the number of his enemies!' * went out. # 23:10,18 * every male. # 17:23 Isa 1:10-16 Mt 7:6 Ro 2:28,29 1Co 7:19 * sore. # Jos 5:6,8 * Simeon. # 29:33,34 49:5,7 Nu 31:7,17 Pr 4:16 6:34,35 * slew. # 49:6 2Ch 32:25 * edge. Heb. mouth. # De 32:42 2Sa 2:26 Isa 31:8 * spoiled. # Es 9:10,16 1Ti 6:10 * they. # 2,31 Ex 2:14 Jos 7:1,21 * See on # 13 # Nu 31:17 De 8:17,18 Job 1:15,16 20:5 # 29 * Ye have. # 49:5-7 Jos 7:25 1Ki 18:18 1Ch 2:7 Pr 11:17,29 15:27 * to stink. # Ex 5:21 1Sa 13:4 27:12 1Ch 19:6 * and I being. # De 4:17 7:7 1Ch 16:12 Ps 105:12 * and I shall. # 12:2,12 28:13,14 1Sa 16:2 27:1 Ro 4:18-20 * See on ver. # 13 49:7 Pr 6:34 1 God commands Jacob to go to Bethel. 2 He purges his house of idols. 6 He builds an altar at Bethel. 8 Deborah dies at Allon-bachuth. 9 God blesses Jacob at Bethel. 16 Rachel travails of Benjamin, and dies in the way to Edar. 22 Reuben lies with Bilhah. 23 The sons of Jacob. 27 Jacob comes to Isaac at Hebron. 28 The age, death, and burial of Isaac. * God said. # 22:14 De 32:36 Ps 46:1 91:15 * Beth-el. # 7 12:8 13:3,4 28:10-22 31:3,13 Ps 47:4 Ec 5:4-6 Ho 12:4 # Na 1:15 * when thou. # 16:8 27:41-45 Ex 2:15 * unto his. # 18:19 Jos 24:15 Ps 101:2-7 * strange. # 31:19,34 Ex 20:3,4 23:13 De 5:7 6:14 7:25 11:28 32:16 Jos 23:7 # Jos 24:2,20,23 Jud 10:16 Ru 1:15 1Sa 7:3 2Sa 7:23 2Ki 17:29 # 1Ch 16:26 Jer 5:7 16:20 Da 5:4 Ac 19:26 1Co 10:7 2Co 6:15-17 # Ga 4:8 * clean. # 22 34:2,24,25 Ex 19:10,14 Le 15:5 17:16 Nu 31:24 2Ki 5:10,12,13 # Job 1:5 Ps 51:2,7 Ec 5:1 Isa 1:16 52:11 Jer 13:27 Eze 18:31 # Eze 20:7 36:25 Joh 13:10,11 2Co 7:1 Heb 10:22 Jas 4:8 # 1Pe 2:1,2 Jude 1:23 * who answered. # 28:12,13 32:7,24 Ps 46:1 50:15 66:13,14 91:15 103:1-5 107:6,8 # Ps 116:1,2,16-18 118:19-22 Isa 30:19 * was with. # 28:20 31:3,42 Pr 3:6 Isa 43:2 * ear-rings. These rings were not worn as mere ornaments, but for superstitious purposes; perhaps as amulets or charms, first consecrated to some false god, or formed under some constellation, and stamped with magical characters. Maimonides mentions rings and jewels of this kind, with the image of the sun, moon, etc., impressed upon them; and Augustine describes them (Epist. 73,) as used for this execrable purpose. # Ex 32:2-4 Jud 8:24-27 Ho 2:13 * hid them. # Ex 32:20 De 7:5,25 Isa 2:20 30:22 * the oak. # Jos 24:25,26 Jud 9:6 # 34:30 Ex 15:15,16 23:27 34:24 De 11:25 Jos 2:9-11 5:1 1Sa 11:7 # 1Sa 14:15 2Ch 14:14 17:10 Ps 14:5 * Luz. # 12:8 28:19,22 Jud 1:22-26 * built. # 1,3 Ec 5:4,5 * El-beth-el. i.e., the god of Beth-el. # 28:13,19,22 Ex 17:15 Jud 6:24 Eze 48:35 * Rebekah's. # 24:59 * under an oak. # 1Sa 31:13 * Allon-bachuth. i.e., the oak of weeping. # Jud 2:1,5 # 12:7 17:1 18:1 26:2 28:13 31:3,11-13 32:1,24-30 35:1 46:2,3 # 48:3,4 Jer 31:3 Ho 12:4 Ac 7:2 # 17:5,15 32:27,28 1Ki 18:31 2Ki 17:34 * God Almighty. # 17:1 18:14 43:14 48:3,4 Ex 6:3 2Co 6:18 * a nation. # 12:2 13:16 15:5 17:5-7,16 18:18 22:17 28:3,4,14 32:12 46:3 # 48:4 Ex 1:7 These are detailed in Numbers 1 through 26 and from 1 Samuel to 2 Chroncles. * the land. # 12:7 13:14-17 15:18 26:3,4 28:3,4,13 48:4 Ex 3:8 Jos 6:1-21:45 * to. # Ne 13:1-31 # 11:5 17:22 18:33 Jud 6:21 13:20 Lu 24:31 # 20 28:18,19 Ex 17:15 1Sa 7:12 * Bethel. # 28:19 * a little way to come. Heb. a little piece of ground. # 2Ki 5:19 * Ephrath. # 48:7 Ru 1:2 1Ch 2:19 Ps 132:6 Mic 5:2 Mt 2:1,16,18 * hard labour. # 3:16 1Ti 2:15 * Fear not. # 30:24 1Sa 4:19-21 * A.M. cir. 2275. B.C. cir. 1729. her soul. # 30:1 1Sa 4:20,21 Ps 16:10 Ex 12:7 La 2:12 Lu 12:20 23:46 # Ac 7:59 * Ben-oni. i.e., the son of my sorrow. # 1Ch 4:9 * Benjamin. i.e., the son of my right hand. # 42:4,38 43:14 44:27-31 Ps 80:17 * The Samaritan has ben yamim, 'the son of days,' i.e., of his old age, (ch 44:20,) which Jerome renders Benjamin, id est, filius dextrae, Benjamin, that is, 'the son of the right hand.' * Rachel died. # 48:7 * Ephrath. # Jos 19:15 Ru 1:2 4:11 Mic 5:2 6:2 Mt 2:1,6,18 * the pillar. # 9,14 1Sa 10:2 2Sa 18:17,18 * tower. # Mic 4:8 Lu 2:8 * lay with. # 49:4 Le 18:8 2Sa 16:21,22 20:3 1Ch 5:1 1Co 5:1 * Now the sons. In the Hebrew text, a break is here left in the verse, opposite to which there is a Masoretic note, which states that 'there is a hiatus in the verse.' This hiatus the LXX. thus supplies: [kai <2532> poneros <4190> ephane enantion <1726> autou <848>,] 'and it appeared evil in his sight.' # 18 29:31-35 30:5-24 46:8-27 49:1-28 Ex 1:1-5 6:14-16 Nu 1:5-15 # Nu 1:20 *etc: # Nu 2:3-33 7:12 *etc: # Nu 26:5-51,57-62 34:14-28 De 33:1-29 Jos 13:1-21:45 # 1Ch 2:1,2 12:23-40 27:16-22 Eze 48:1-35 Ac 7:8 Re 7:4-8 21:14 # 29:32-35 30:18-20 33:2 46:8-15 # 16-18 30:22-24 46:19-22 # 30:4-8 37:2 46:23-25 * And the sons. # 30:9-13 46:16-18 * in Padan-aram. Except Benjamin. # 18 25:20 28:2 31:18 * Jacob. # 27:43-45 28:5 * Mamre. # 13:18 14:13 18:1 23:2,19 Jos 14:12-15 15:13 21:11 2Sa 2:1,3,11 # 2Sa 5:1,3,5 # 25:7 47:28 50:26 * A.M. 2288. B.C. 1716. Isaac. # 3:19 15:15 25:7,8,17 27:1,2 49:33 Job 5:26 Ec 12:5-7 * his sons. # 23:19,20 25:9 27:41 49:31 1 Esau's three wives. 6 His removal to mount Seir. 9 His sons. 15 The dukes which descended of his sons. 20 The sons and dukes of Seir the Horite. 24 Anah finds mules. 31 The kings of Edom. 40 The dukes that descended of Esau. * A.M. 2208. B.C. 1796. # 22:17 25:24-34 27:35-41 32:3-7 Nu 20:14-21 De 23:7 1Ch 1:35 # Isa 63:1 Eze 25:12 * Esau. # 9:25 26:34,35 27:46 * Adah. or, Bashemath. # 26:34 * Aholibamah. # 25 # 26:34 * Judith. the daughter. We ought, most probably, to read here and in ver. 14, as in ver. 20, "the son of Zibeon;" which is the reading of the Samaritan, Septuagint, (and Syriac, in ver. 2,) and which Houbigant and Kennicott contend to be genuine. # 25:13 28:9 * Mahalath. * Adah. # 1Ch 1:35 * Eliphaz. # Job 2:11 * Reuel. not. # Ex 2:18 Nu 10:29 * in the land. # 6 # 35:29 * A.M. cir. 2264. B.C. cir. 1740. persons. Heb. souls. # Eze 27:13 Re 18:13 * went. # 13:6,11 17:8 25:23 28:4 32:3 * their riches. # 13:6,11 * the land. # 17:8 28:4 * mount Seir. # 20 14:6 32:3 De 2:5 Jos 24:4 1Ch 4:42 2Ch 20:10,23 Eze 35:2-7 # Mal 1:3 * Esau. # 1 * the Edomites. Heb. Edom. # 19:37 * A.M. cir. 2230. B.C. cir. 1774. # 3,4 1Ch 1:35-54 * A.M. cir. 2270. B.C. cir. 1734. Zepho. # 15,16 1Ch 1:35,36 * Zephi. * Timna. # 22 1Ch 1:36 * Amalek. # 16 # 14:7 Ex 17:8-16 Nu 24:18-20 De 23:7 25:17-19 1Sa 15:2,3-9 # 17 1Ch 1:37 * A.M. cir. 2292. B.C. cir. 1712. # 2,5,18 1Ch 1:35 * First aristocracy of dukes, from A.M. cir. 2429, to A.M. cir. 2471; from B.C. cir. 1575, to B.C. cir. 1533. * dukes. The word duke is from the Latin {dux,} a captain or leader, from {duco,} to lead, guide; which is the exact import of the Hebrew [alluph <0441>,] {alluph,} from [aleph, lamed, pheh,] to lead, guide; and is here applied to heads of families, chieftains, or princes, who were military leaders. # 18 1Ch 1:35 * Eliphaz. # Job 21:8 Ps 37:35 * duke Teman. # 4,11,12 1Ch 1:36,45,51-54 Job 2:11 4:1 Jer 49:7,20 Eze 25:13 # Am 1:12 Ob 1:9 Hab 3:3 * Duke Korah. As it is certain from ver. 4, that Eliphaz was Esau's son by Adah, and from ver. 11, 12, that Eliphaz had but six sons, "Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, Kenaz, and Amalek;" as is is also certain, from ver. 5, 14, that Korah was the son of Esau (not Eliphaz) by Aholibamah; and as the words duke Korah are omitted by both the Samaritan Text and Version, Dr. Kennicott pronounces them to be an interpolation. * dukes. # Ex 15:15 * Reuel. # 4,13 1Ch 1:37 # 5,14 1Ch 1:35 * who is Edom. See on ver. # 1 * A.M. cir. 2198. B.C. cir. 1806. # 2,22-30 14:6 De 2:12,22 1Ch 1:38-42 * A.M. cir. 2204. B.C. cir. 1800. # 21 * A.M. cir. 2248. B.C. 1756. Hemam. # 1Ch 1:39 * Homan. * Timna. # 12 * Alvan. # 1Ch 1:40 * Alian. * Shepho. or, Shephi. # 1Ch 1:40 * found. # Le 19:19 De 2:10 2Sa 13:29 18:9 1Ki 1:38,44 4:28 Zec 14:15 * Dishon. # 21 * Anah. # 2,5,14,18 1Ch 1:41 * Hemdan. # 1Ch 1:41 * Amram. * Ezer. # 21 1Ch 1:38 * Akan. # 1Ch 1:42 * Jakan. * Uz. # Job 1:1 Jer 25:20 La 4:21 * Horites. # 20,28 1Ch 1:41,42 * duke Lotan. # 20 1Ch 1:38 * From A.M. cir. 2093, to A.M. cir. 2429; from B.C. cir. 1911, to B.C. cir. 1575. dukes in the. # 2Ki 11:19 Isa 23:15 Da 7:17,23 * the kings. # 17:6,16 25:23 Nu 20:14 24:17,18 De 17:14-20 33:5,29 # 1Ch 1:43-50 * before there. Moses may here allude to the promise which God made to Jacob (ch. 35:11,) that kings should proceed from him; and here states that these kings reigned before that prophecy began to be fulfilled. * Dinhabah. i.e., judgment, concealment, \\S#1838h\\. # 1Ch 1:43 * A.M. cir. 2135. B.C. cir. 1869. Bozrah. Bozrah, Bezer, or Bostra, was situated in Arabia Deserta, and the eastern part of Edom; and, according to Eusebius, was 24 miles from Edrei. It afterwards belonged to Moab, and was given by Moses to Reuben, but again reverted to Edom. It is now called Boszra; and is described by Burckhardt as the largest town in the Haouran, including its ruins, though only inhabited by about twelve or fifteen families. It is situated in the open plain, two hours distant from Aare, and is at present the last inhabited place in the south-east extremity of the Haouran. It is of an oval shape, it greatest length being from east to west; and its circumference three quarters of an hour. # Isa 34:6 63:1 Jer 49:13,22 Am 1:12 Mic 2:12 * A.M. cir. 2177. B.C. cir. 1827. Temani. Eusebius places Teman, or Thæman, which probably gave name to "the land of Temani," in Arabia Petræa, five miles from Petra, and says there was a Roman garrison there. * See on ver. # 11,15 Job 2:11 Jer 49:7 * A.M. cir. 2219. B.C. cir. 1785. # 35 * A.M. cir. 2261. B.C. cir. 1743. # 36 * A.M. cir. 2303. B.C. cir. 1701. Rehoboth. # 10:11 1Ch 1:48 * A.M. cir. 2315. B.C. cir. 1659. # 38 * A.M. cir. 2387. B.C. cir. 1617. Hadar. # 1Ch 1:50 * Hadad Pai. After his death was an aristocracy. # Ex 15:15 * Second aristocracy of dukes, from A.M. cir. 2471, B.C. cir. 1533; to A.M. cir. 2513, B.C. cir. 1491. And these. # 31 1Ch 1:51-54 * dukes. See on ver. # 15,16 Ex 15:15 1Ch 1:51-54 * Alvah. or, Aliah. # 1Ch 1:51 * Aholibamah. i.e., tent of the high place, \\S#173h\\. # 2,5,14,18,25 1Ch 1:52 * (1) A Hittite woman of Mount Hor. She was one of the three wives of Esau, and in Ge 26:34 is called Judith. Ge 36:2, 5, 14, 18, 25. # 26:34 * (2) A chief that sprang from Esau, 1 Ch 1:52. # 41 * Elah. i.e., an oak, \\S#425h\\, 1 Ch 1:52. # 1Sa 17:2,19 21:10 1Ki 16:6,8,13,14 2Ki 15:30 17:1 18:1,9 # 1Ch 4:15 9:8 * (1) A duke (or chief) of Edom, Ge 36:41; 1 Ch 1:52. * (2) A valley in Judah where Saul's army encamped when David slew Goliath, 1 Sa 17:2. # 1Sa 21:9 * (3) Father of one of Solomon's officers. # 1Ki 4:18 * (4) Son of Baasha, king of Israel, 1 Ki 16:6, 8. * (5) Father of Hoshea, 2 Ki 15:30; 18:1. * (6) A son of Caleb, 1 Ch 4:15. * (7) An Israelite whose family dwelt in Jerusalem, 1 Ch 9:8. Perhaps the same as number 3. * Pinon. i.e., perplexity, distraction, \\S#6373h\\. 1 Ch 1:52. * Mibzar. i.e., fortress, defence, \\S#4014h\\. # 1Ch 1:53 * the dukes. # 15,18,19,30,31 Ex 15:15 Nu 20:14 * their. # 7,8 # 25:12 De 2:5 * father. # 25:30 36:43 45:8 1Ch 4:14 * the Edomites. Heb. Edom. 1 Joseph is loved by Jacob, but hated by his brethren. 5 His dreams and the interpretation. 12 Jacob sends him to his brethren, who counsel to slay him. 21 At Reuben's desire they cast him into a pit; 25 and afterwards sell him to the Ishmaelites; while Ruben grieves at not finding him. 31 His coat, covered with blood, is sent to Jacob, who mourns him inordinately. 36 Joseph is brought to Egypt and sold to Potiphar. * A.M. 2276. B.C. 1728. * wherein his father was a stranger. Heb. of his father's sojournings. # 17:8 23:4 28:4 *marg: # 36:7 Heb 11:9-16 * the generations. {Toledoth,} the history, narrative, or account of the lives and actions of Jacob and his sons; for in this general sense the original must be taken, as in the whole ensuing history there is no genealogy of Jacob's family. # 2:4 5:1 6:9 10:1 * wives. # 30:4,9 35:22,25,26 * evil report. # 1Sa 2:22-24 Joh 7:7 1Co 1:11 5:1 11:18 * loved. # Joh 3:35 13:22,23 * son. # 44:20-30 * a coat. # 23,32 Jud 5:30 2Sa 13:18 Ps 45:13,14 Eze 16:16 * colours. {Kethoneth passim}, a coat made of stripes of different coloured cloth. * hated him. # 5,11,18-24 4:5 27:41 49:23 1Sa 16:12,13 17:28 Ps 38:19 69:4 # Joh 7:3-5 15:18,19 Tit 3:3 1Jo 2:11 3:10,12 4:20 * and could not speak peaceably unto him. Or, rather, "and they could not speak peace to him," i.e., they would not accost him in a friendly manner: they would not even wish him well, in the eastern mode of salutation of, Peace be to thee! It is not an unusual thing for an Arab or Turk to hesitate to return the {salâm}, if given by a Christian, or by one of whom he has not a favourable opinion; and this may always be considered as an act of hostility. * dreamed. # 9 # 28:12 40:5 41:1 42:9 Nu 12:6 Jud 7:13,14 1Ki 3:5 Ps 25:14 # Da 2:1 4:5 Joe 2:28 Am 3:7 * and they. # 4,8 49:23 Joh 17:14 * Hear. # 44:18 Jud 9:7 * your sheaves. # 42:6,9 43:26 44:14,19 * obeisance. # Php 2:10 Col 1:18 * reign over us. # 4 Ex 2:14 1Sa 10:27 17:28 Ps 2:3-6 118:22 Lu 19:14 20:17 # Ac 4:27,28 7:35 Heb 10:29 * another dream. # 7 41:25,32 * the sun. # 10 43:28 44:14,19 45:9 46:29 47:12 50:15-21 Ac 7:9-14 * stars. # Da 8:10 Php 2:15 * Shall I. # 27:29 Isa 60:14 Php 2:10,11 * envied. # 26:14-16 Ps 106:16 Ec 4:4 Isa 11:13 26:11 Mt 27:18 Mr 15:10 # Ac 7:9 13:45 Ga 5:21 Tit 3:3 Jas 3:14-16 4:5 * observed. # 24:31 Da 7:28 Lu 2:19,51 * in Shechem. # 1 33:18 34:25-31 * come. # 1Sa 17:17-20 Mt 10:16 Lu 20:13 * Here am I. # 22:1 27:1,18 1Sa 3:4-6,8,16 Eph 6:1-3 * see whether it be well with. Heb. see the peace of thy brethren, etc. # 29:6 41:16 1Sa 17:17,18 2Sa 18:32 1Ki 2:33 Ps 125:5 Jer 29:7 # Lu 19:42 * Hebron. # 23:2 35:27 Nu 13:22 Jos 14:13,15 * he was. # 21:14 * What. # Jud 4:22 2Ki 6:19 Joh 1:38 4:27 18:4,7 20:15 * seek. # Lu 19:10 * tell me. # So 1:7 * Dothan. # 2Ki 6:13 * conspired. # 1Sa 19:1 Ps 31:13 37:12,32 94:21 105:25 109:4 Mt 21:38 27:1 # Mr 12:7 14:1 Lu 20:14,15 Joh 11:53 Ac 23:12 * Behold. Simulated Irony: Where the words in question are used by man either in dissimulation or hypocrisy. For other instances of this figure see 2 Sa 6:20; Ps 22:8; Isa 5:19; Mt 22:16; 27:29; 27:40, 42, 43; Mk 15:29. * dreamer. Heb. master of dreams. # 5,11 28:12 49:23 *marg: * and let. # Ps 64:5 Pr 1:11,12,16 6:17 27:4 Tit 3:3 Joh 3:12 * Some. # 1Ki 13:24 2Ki 2:24 Pr 10:18 28:13 * and we. # 1Sa 24:20 26:2 Mt 2:2-16 27:40-42 Mr 15:29-32 Joh 12:10,11 # Ac 4:16-18 * Reuben heard. # 35:22 42:22 * not kill him. Heb. {nephesh.} # Jos 10:28 Ge 9:5 Mt 10:28 * Reuben said. # 42:22 * Shed. # Mt 27:24 * lay. # Ge 22:12 Ex 24:11 De 13:9 Ac 12:1 * stript. # 3,31-33 42:21 Ps 22:18 Mt 27:28 * colours. or, pieces. # 3 * and cast. # Ps 35:7 La 4:20 * the pit. # Ps 40:2 88:6,8 130:1,2 Jer 38:6 La 3:52-55 Zec 9:11 * they sat. # Es 3:15 Ps 14:4 Pr 30:20 Am 6:6 * Ishmeelites. # 28,36 16:11,12 25:1-4,16-18 31:23 Ps 83:6 * Gilead. # 31:21 43:11 Jer 8:22 * spicery. {Nechoth,} is rendered by the LXX. "incense;" Syriac, "resin;" Samaritan, "balsam;" Acquila, "storax;" which is followed by Bochart. This drug is abundant in Syria, and here Moses joins with it resin, honey, and myrrh; which agrees with the nature of the storax, which is the resin of a tree of the same name, of a reddish colour, and peculiarly pleasant fragrance. * balm {Tzeri,} which in Arabic, as a verb, is to flow, seems to be a common name, as balm or balsam with us, for many of those oily, resinous substances, which flow spontaneously, or by incision, from various trees or plants; accordingly the ancients have generally interpreted it resin. * myrrh. {Lot,} is probably, as Junius, De Dieu, Celsius, and Ursinus contend, the same as the Arabic {ladan}, Greek [ladanon,] and Latin {ladanum}. * What profit. # 25:32 Ps 30:9 Jer 41:8 Mt 16:26 Ro 6:21 * conceal. # 20 4:10 De 17:8 2Sa 1:16 Job 16:18 Eze 24:7 * sell him. # 22 Ex 21:16,21 Ne 5:8 Mt 16:26 26:15 1Ti 1:10 Re 18:13 * let not. # 1Sa 18:17 2Sa 11:14-17 12:9 * he is our. # 29:14 42:21 * were content. Heb. hearkened. * Midianites. # 25 25:2 Ex 2:16 Nu 25:15,17 31:2,3,8,9 Jud 6:1-3 Ps 83:9 # Isa 60:6 * sold. # 45:4,5 Ps 105:17 Zec 11:12,13 Mt 26:15 27:9 Ac 7:9 * he rent. # 34 34:13 Nu 14:6 Jud 11:35 2Ki 19:1 Job 1:20 Joe 2:13 # Ac 14:14 # 20 42:13,32,35 Jer 31:15 # 3,23 Pr 28:13 * thy son's. # 3 44:20-23 Lu 15:30 * evil beast. # 20 44:28 1Ki 13:24 2Ki 2:24 Pr 14:15 Joh 13:7 # 29 Jos 7:6 2Sa 1:11 3:31 1Ki 20:31 21:27 2Ki 19:1 1Ch 21:16 # Ezr 9:3-5 Ne 9:1 Es 4:1-3 Job 1:20 2:12 Ps 69:11 Isa 22:12,13 # Isa 32:11 36:22 37:1,2 Jer 36:24 Joe 2:13 Jon 3:5-8 Mt 11:21 # Mt 26:65 Ac 14:14 Re 11:3 * his daughters. # 31:43 35:22-26 * rose up. # 2Sa 12:17 Job 2:11 Ps 77:2 Jer 31:15 * For I. # 42:31 44:29-31 45:28 * the Midianites. # 28 25:1,2 39:1 * officer. Heb. eunuch. But the word signifies not only eunuchs, but also chamberlains, courtiers, and officers. # Es 1:10 Isa 56:3 * captain. Or, chief marshal. Heb. chief of the slaughtermen, or executioners. # 39:1-23 40:4 2Ki 25:8 *marg: 1 Judah begets Er, Onan, and Shelah. 6 Er's marriage with Tamar, and death. 8 The trespass of Onan. 11 Tamar is reserved for Shelah. 12 Judah's wife dies. 13 Tamar deceives Judah. 27 She bears twins, Pharez and Zarah. * A.M. 2265. B.C. 1739. * it came. As there cannot be above 23 years from the selling of Joseph, unto Israel's going down into Egypt; and as it is impossible that Judah should take a wife, and by her have three sons successively, and Shelah, the youngest, marriageable when Judah begat Pharez of Tamar, and Pharez be grown up, married, and have two sons, all within so short a period; Mr. Ainsworth conceives that the time here spoken of is soon after Jacob's coming to Shechem, (ch. 33.) We have accordingly adapted the chronology to correspond with that time. * turned. # 19:2,3 Jud 4:18 2Ki 4:8 Pr 9:6 13:20 * Adullamite. An inhabitant of Adullam, a city of Canaan, afterwards given to Judah, situated in the southern part of that tribe, west of Hebron. # Jos 12:15 15:35 1Sa 22:1 2Sa 23:13 Mic 1:15 * saw. # 3:6 6:2 24:3 34:2 Jud 14:2 16:1 2Sa 11:2 2Co 6:14 * Shuah. # 46:12 1Ch 2:3 * Shua. * took. # 6:4 24:3 * A.M. 2266. B.C. 1738. Er. # 46:12 Nu 26:19 * A.M. 2267. B.C. 1737. Onan. # 46:12 Nu 26:19 * A.M. 2268. B.C. 1736. * Shelah. # 11,26 46:12 Nu 26:20 1Ch 4:21 * Chezib. Chezib is said, by Eusebius and Jerome, to have been situated near Adullam, and to be then uninhabited. * took. # 21:21 24:3 * Tamar. # Mt 1:3 * Er. # 46:12 Nu 26:19 * wicked. # 6:8 13:13 19:13 2Ch 33:6 * and the. # 1Ch 2:3 Ps 55:23 * A.M. 2282. B.C. 1722. # Le 18:16 Nu 36:8,9 De 25:5-10 Ru 1:11 4:5-11 Mt 22:23-27 * he is. # De 25:6 Ru 1:11 4:10 * lest that. # Job 5:2 Pr 27:4 Tit 3:3 Jas 3:14,16 4:5 * displeased. Heb. was evil in the eyes of. # Nu 11:1 22:34 2Sa 11:27 1Ch 21:7 Pr 14:32 24:18 Jer 44:4 # Hag 1:13 * him also. # 46:12 Nu 26:19 * till Shelah. # Ru 1:11,13 * in her. # Le 22:13 * in process of time. Heb. the days were multiplied. comforted. # 24:67 2Sa 13:39 * sheep shearers. # 31:19 1Sa 25:4-8,36 2Sa 13:23-29 * Timnath. Timnath is, in all probability, that in the border of Judah, between Jerusalem and Diospolis, given to Dan, and mentioned in the history of Samson as belonging to the Philistines. # 1 Jos 15:10,35,37 * Timnah. # Jos 19:43 * Thimnathah. # Jud 14:1 * Timnath. # Jud 14:1 * shear. # 31:19 1Sa 25:2,11 * and sat. # Pr 7:12 Jer 3:2 Eze 16:25 * an open place. Heb. the door of eyes, or of Enajim} Some think {ainayim} means "the two fountains," or "double fountain;" while others regard it as a proper name, and the same as Enaim, a city of Judah, (Jos 15:34.) So the LXX. render it Enan. * Timnath. See ver. # 12,13 * that Shelah. # 11,26 * harlot. # 34:31 Le 19:29 21:14 Nu 25:1,6 De 23:18 Jud 11:1 16:1 19:2,25 # 1Ki 3:16 Pr 2:18,19 Am 2:7 * because. # 1Th 5:22 1Pe 3:3-6 * covered. # 14 * Go to. # 2Sa 13:11 * What wilt. # De 23:18 Eze 16:33 Mt 26:15 1Ti 6:10 * I will. # Eze 16:33 * a kid. Heb. a kid of the goats. Wilt thou. # 20,24,25 Pr 20:16 Lu 16:8 * Thy signet. {Chothem,} or {chothemeth,} as in ver. 25, is properly a ring-seal, with which impressions were made to ascertain property, etc. From Jer 22:24, we find that it was worn on the hand; though it might also have been suspended from the neck by a ribband, as the Arabs still wear it. # 25,26 Jer 22:24 Lu 15:22 * bracelets. {Pathil,} from {pathal,} to twist, wreathe, may denote either a wreath for the arm or neck, a twisted collar, or bracelet. In the former sense the LXX. render it by [ormiskon,] and Aquila and Symmachus by [strepton;] and in the latter sense, the Vulgate renders it by {armillam.} It may have been a collar by which the signet was suspended; though its being used in the plural seems to favour the opinion of its being a bracelet. * gave it her. # 25,26 Ho 4:11 * laid by her vail. # 14 2Sa 14:2,5 * his friend. # 20:9 Le 19:17 Jud 14:20 2Sa 13:3 Lu 23:12 * openly by the way side. or, in Enajim. # 14 # 22 * lest we. # 2Sa 12:9 Pr 6:33 Ro 6:21 2Co 4:2 Eph 5:12 Re 16:15 * be shamed. Heb. become a contempt. * played the harlot. # 34:31 Jud 19:2 Ec 7:26 Jer 2:20 3:1,6,8 Eze 16:15,28,41 # Eze 23:5,19,44 Ho 2:5 3:3 4:15 * let her. # 20:3,7,9 Le 20:10 21:9 De 22:21-27 24:16 2Sa 12:5,7 # Jer 29:22,23 Mt 7:1-5 Ro 2:1,2 14:22 * Discern. # 18 37:32 Ps 50:21 Jer 2:26 Ro 2:16 1Co 4:5 Re 20:12 * acknowledged. # 37:33 * She hath. # 1Sa 24:17 2Sa 24:17 Eze 16:52 Hab 1:13 Joh 8:9 Ro 3:19 * more righteous. Not less to blame, but more righteous. because. # 14 * And he knew. # 4:1 2Sa 16:22 20:3 Job 4:5 34:31,32 40:5 Mt 3:8 Ro 13:12 # Tit 2:11,12 1Pe 4:2,3 * twins. # 25:24 * came to pass. # 1 * travailed. # 35:16 * midwife. # 35:17 * scarlet thread. # Jos 2:18 * A.M. 2283. B.C. 1721. How hast, etc. or, Wherefore hast thou made this breach against thee? his name. # 46:12 Nu 26:20 1Ch 2:4 9:4 Ne 11:4,6 * Perez. # Mt 1:3 Lu 3:33 * Phares. Pharez. i.e., a breach. * Zarah. # 1Ch 9:6 * Zerah. # Mt 1:3 * Zara. 1 Joseph is bought by Potiphar, and preferred in the family. 7 He resists his mistress's temptation. 13 He is falsely accused by her. 20 He is cast into prison. 21 God is with him there, and he is advanced by the keeper of prison. * A.M. 2276. B.C. 1728. Joseph. # 37:36 45:4 Ps 105:17 Ac 7:9 * the Ishmeelites. # 37:25,28 * the Lord. # 21,22 21:22 26:24,28 28:15 1Sa 3:19 16:18 18:14,28 Ps 1:3 # Ps 46:7,11 91:15 Isa 8:9,10 41:10 43:2 Jer 15:20 Mt 1:23 # Ac 7:9,10 8:31 * house. # 1Co 7:20-24 1Ti 6:1 Tit 2:9,10 * saw that. # 21:22 26:24,28 30:27,30 1Sa 18:14,28 Zec 8:23 Mt 5:16 # Php 2:15,16 Re 3:9 * prosper. # 23 30:27 Jos 1:7,8 1Ch 22:13 2Ch 26:5 Ne 2:20 Ps 1:3 1Co 16:2 * Joseph. # 21 18:3 19:19 32:5 33:8,10 1Sa 16:22 Ne 2:4,5 Pr 16:7 * overseer. # 22 15:2 24:2 41:40,41 Pr 14:35 17:2 22:29 27:18 Ac 20:28 * for Joseph's. # 12:2 19:29 30:27 De 28:3-6 2Sa 6:11,12 Ps 21:6 72:17 Ac 27:24 # Eph 1:3 * he left. # 4,8,23 Lu 16:10 19:17 * save. # 43:32 Pr 31:11 * a goodly person. {Yephaih toar, weephaih maraih,} "beautiful in person and beautiful in countenance." Joseph's beauty is so celebrated in the East, that a handsome man is frequently compared to him; and the Persian poets vie with each other in descriptions of his comeliness. # 12:14,15 29:17 1Sa 16:12 17:42 Ac 7:20 * A.M. 2285. B.C. 1719. cast. # 6:2 Job 31:1 Ps 119:37 Eze 23:5,6,12-16 Mt 5:28 2Pe 2:14 # 1Jo 2:16 * Lie. # 2Sa 13:11 Pr 2:16 5:9 7:13 Jer 3:3 Eze 16:25,32,34 * refused. # Pr 1:10 2:10,16-19 5:3-8 6:20-25,29,32,33 7:5,25-27 9:13-18 # Pr 22:14 23:26-28 * my master. # Pr 18:24 * none. # 24:2 Ne 6:11 Lu 12:48 1Co 4:2 Tit 2:10 * how then. # 20:3,6 Le 20:10 2Sa 11:27 Job 31:9-12,23 Pr 6:29,32 # Jer 5:8,9 1Co 6:9,10 Ga 5:19-21 Heb 13:4 Re 21:8 22:15 * sin. # 42:18 Le 6:2 Nu 32:23 2Sa 12:13 Ne 5:15 Ps 51:4 Jer 28:16 # Jer 50:7 1Jo 3:9 * as she spake. # 8 Pr 2:16 5:3 6:25,26 7:5,13 9:14,16 22:14 23:27 * or to be. # Pr 1:15 5:8 1Co 6:18 15:33 1Th 5:22 1Ti 5:14 2Ti 2:22 # 1Pe 2:11 * none of the men. # Job 24:15 Pr 9:17 Jer 23:24 Mal 3:5 Eph 5:3,12 * caught. # 8,10 Pr 7:13-27 Ec 7:26 Eze 16:30,31 * and he left. # 1Sa 15:27 Pr 1:15 5:8 6:5 Ec 7:26 Mr 14:51,52 1Co 15:33 # 2Ti 2:22 1Pe 2:11 * came to pass. # 38:1 * garment in her hand. # 38:25 * he hath. The base affection of this woman being disappointed, was changed into rancorous hatred, and she exults in the opportunity of being revenged on Joseph. She begins her accusation in the affected language of offended modesty, rage, and disdain, by charging her husband, whom we may reasonably assume she did not greatly love, with being an accessory to the indignity she pretended to have received: "He hath brought in a Hebrew," a very abomination to an Egyptian, "to mock us," insult and treat me in a base, unworthy manner. * an Hebrew. # 17 10:21 14:13 40:15 Ps 120:3 Eze 22:5 * he came. # 7 Ps 35:11 55:3 Pr 10:18 Isa 51:7 54:17 Mt 5:11 26:59 Lu 23:2 # 2Co 6:8 1Pe 2:20 3:14-18 4:14-19 * loud. Heb. great. * came to pass. # 38:1 * lifted. # 22:13 * his garment. # 12,13 # Ps 37:12,32 Jer 4:22 9:3-5 Tit 3:3 # 14 Ex 20:16 23:1 1Ki 18:17 21:9-13 Ps 37:14 55:3 120:2-4 # Pr 12:19 19:5,9 Mt 26:65 * came to pass. # 14 Ex 20:16 23:1 Le 19:16 Pr 6:19 12:22 19:5 * lifted. # 22:13 * heard. # Job 29:16 Pr 18:17 29:12 Ac 25:16 2Th 2:11 * his wrath. # 4:5,6 Pr 6:34,35 So 8:7 * into the prison. {Baith hassohar,} "the round house," from the form of the building according to some; or, "the watch or guard house," from the Arabic {sahara,} to watch, according to others. # 40:15 41:14 Ps 105:18,19 Isa 53:8 Da 3:21,22 2Ti 2:9 1Pe 2:19 * the king's. # 40:1-3,15 41:9-14 Ps 76:10 * the Lord. # 2 21:22 49:23,24 Isa 41:10 43:2 Da 6:22 Ro 8:31,32,37 # 1Pe 3:13,14,17 4:14-16 * shewed him mercy. Heb. extended kindness unto him. gave him. # 40:3 Ex 3:21 11:3 12:36 Ps 105:19,22 106:46 Pr 16:7 Da 1:9 # Ac 7:9,10 * committed. # 4,6,7,9 40:3,4 1Sa 2:30 Ps 37:3,11 * keeper. # 40:3,4 * because. See on ver. # 2,3 49:23,24 1Sa 2:30 Ps 1:3 37:3-11 Isa 43:2 Da 6:22 1 The chief butler and baker of Pharaoh being imprisoned, Joseph is charged with them. 5 He interprets their dreams. 20 They are accomplished according to his interpretation. 23 The ingratitude of the butler, in forgetting Joseph. * it came. # 39:20-23 Es 6:1 * the butler. {Mashkeh,} from {shakah,} to give drink, is the same as {saky} among the Arabians and Persians, and signifies a cup-bearer. # 13 Ne 1:11 2:1,2 * wroth. # Ps 76:10 Pr 16:14 19:12,19 27:4 Ac 12:20 * the chief of the butlers. # 1Ch 27:27 * the place. # 39:20,23 * where Joseph was bound. Or, "where Joseph was confined," for he doubtless had his personal liberty. This place, we learn from the preceding chapter, (ver. 20,) was the king's prison. All the officers in the employment of the ancient kings of Egypt, according to Diodorus Siculus, were taken from the most illustrious families of the priesthood in the country; no slave or common person being ever permitted to serve in the presence of the king. As these persons were of the most noble families, it is natural to expect they would be put, when accused, into the state prison. * the captain. # 37:36 39:1,21-23 Ps 37:5 * a season. {Yamim,} literally days; how long is uncertain, though the word may signify, as many suppose, a complete year (see Ge 4:3; 24:55); and as Pharaoh called them to an account on his birthday, (ver. 20,) Calmet supposes they had offended on the preceding birthday, and thus had been one whole year in prison. * A.M. 2287. B.C. 1717. # 8 12:1-7 20:3 37:5-10 41:1-7,11 Nu 12:6 Jud 7:13,14 Es 6:1 # Job 33:15-17 Da 2:1-3 4:5,9,19 7:1-8:27 * and, behold. # 8 41:8 Da 2:1-3 4:5 5:6 7:28 8:27 * Wherefore. # Jud 18:24 1Sa 1:8 2Sa 13:4 Ne 2:2 Lu 24:17 * look ye so sadly to-day. Heb. are your faces evil. * Do not, etc. # 41:15,16 Job 33:15,16 Ps 25:14 Isa 8:19 Da 2:11,28,47 4:8 # Da 5:11-15 1Co 12:10,11 Am 3:7 * a vine. # 37:5-10 Jud 7:13-15 Da 2:31 4:8,10-18 * budded. # Nu 13:23 De 1:24 * blossoms. # So 6:11 Isa 27:6 35:1,2 37:31 Joe 2:22 Zec 8:12 * And I took, etc. From this we find that wine anciently was the mere expressed juice of the grape, without fermentation. The {saky,} or cup-bearer, took the bunch, pressed the juice into the cup, and instantly delivered it to his master. * pressed. # 49:11 Le 10:9 Pr 3:10 * hand. # 21 1Ki 10:5 2Ch 9:4 Ne 1:11 2:1 * This. # 18 41:12,25,26 Jud 7:14 Da 2:36-45 4:19-33 * The three. # 41:26 Jud 7:14 Mt 26:26 1Co 10:4 Ga 4:25 * within. # 7:4 * shall. # 20-22 2Ki 25:27 Ps 3:3 Jer 52:31 * lift up thine head. or, reckon. # 19 *marg: # 20 *marg: * think on me. Heb. remember me with thee. on me. # 1Sa 25:31 Lu 23:42 1Co 7:21 * shew. # Jos 2:12 1Sa 20:14,15 2Sa 9:1 1Ki 2:7 * stolen. # 37:28 Ex 21:16 De 24:7 1Ti 1:10 * the Hebrews. # 14:13 41:12 * done. # 39:8-12,20 1Sa 24:11 Ps 59:3,4 Da 6:22 Joh 10:32 15:25 # Ac 24:12-21 25:10,11 1Pe 3:17,18 * the chief. # 1,2 * white baskets. or, baskets full of holes. * bake-meats. Heb. meat of Pharaoh, the work of a baker, or cook. # 49:20 1Ch 12:20 # 12 41:26 1Co 10:4 11:24 * within. # 13 * lift up thy head from off thee. or, reckon thee and take thy office from thee. hang thee. # 22 41:13 De 21:22,23 Jos 8:29 10:26 2Sa 21:6 Pr 30:17 Ga 3:13 * and the birds. # 17 1Sa 17:44,46 2Sa 21:10 Eze 39:4 Ac 20:27 * third day. # 13,19 * birthday. # 21:8 Es 1:3 Job 3:1 Mt 14:6 Mr 6:21 * lifted up. or, reckoned. # 13,19 *marg: # 2Ki 25:27 Mt 18:23-25 25:19 Lu 16:1,2 * gave the cup. # 13 Ne 2:1 * he hanged. # 8,19 41:11-13,16 Jer 23:28 Da 2:19-23,30 5:12 Ac 5:30 * but forgat him. # Job 19:14 Ps 31:12 105:19 Ec 9:15,16 Am 6:6 1 Pharaoh has two dreams. 9 Joseph interprets them. 33 He gives Pharaoh counsel, and is highly advanced, and married. 46 The seven years of plenty. 50 He begets children. 53 The famine begins. * A.M. 2289. B.C. 1715. two full years. {Shenathayim yamim,} "two years of days," two complete solar revolutions; as a month of days is a full month. # 29:14 * that Pharaoh. # 20:3 37:5-10 40:5 Jud 7:13,14 Es 6:1 Job 33:15,16 Da 2:1-3 # Da 4:5-18 7:1-8:27 Mt 27:19 * the river. # 31:21 Ex 1:22 4:9 De 11:10 Isa 19:5 Eze 29:3,9 * there came. # 17-27 * a meadow. Or, rather, "on, or among the reeds or sedges;" for so {achoo} is generally supposed to denote (see Job 8:11); so called, according to Mr. Parkhurst, from its fitness for making ropes, or the like, to connect or join things together, from {achah,} to join, connect: thus the Latin {juncus,} a bulrush, {a jungendo,} from joining, for the same reason. He supposes it to be that sort of reed growing near the Nile which Hasselquist describes as "having scarce any branches, but numerous leaves, which are narrow, smooth, channelled on the upper surface, and the plant about eleven feet high. The Egyptians make ropes of the leaves." * ill favoured. # 4,20,21 * So Pharaoh awoke. # 1Ki 3:15 * seven ears. A species of wheat, which grows in Egypt, bears, when perfect, seven ears on one stalk, as its natural conformation. It differs from ours in having a solid stem, or at least a stem full of pith, in order to yield sufficient nourishment and support to so great a weight as the ears which it bears. * rank. Heb. fat. # De 32:14 * blasted. # Eze 17:10 19:12 Ho 13:15 * a dream. # 20:3 37:5 * his spirit. # 40:6 Da 2:1-3 4:5,19 5:6 7:28 8:27 Hab 3:16 * the magicians of Egypt. The word here used (chartummim) may mean no more than interpreters of abstruse or difficult subjects; especially of dreams and visions, which formed a considerable part of the ancient pagan religion; and the Egyptian priests were the first who professed this art. The word may be of affinity with, or derived from, the Persian {chiradmand,} wise, learned, judicious, intelligent, from {chirad,} understanding, judgment, and {mand,} endowed with. They seem to have been such persons as Josephus calls sacred scribes; or professors of sacred learning. # Ex 7:11,22 8:7,18,19 9:11 Le 19:31 20:6 De 18:9-14 Isa 8:19 # Isa 19:3 29:14 47:12,13 Da 1:20 2:2 4:7 5:7,11 Ac 17:18 * the wise men. # Mt 2:1 Ac 7:22 * but there. # 40:8 Job 5:12,13 Ps 25:14 Isa 19:11-13 29:14 Da 2:4-11,27,28 # Da 5:8 1Co 1:19 3:18-20 * I do remember. # 40:1-3,14,23 * Pharaoh. # 39:20 40:2,3 * captain. # 37:36 # 40:5-8 * servant. # 37:36 39:1,20 * interpreted. # 40:12-19 * me he restored. # 40:12,20-22 Jer 1:10 Eze 43:3 * sent. # 1Sa 2:7,8 Ps 105:19-22 113:7,8 * and they brought him hastily. Heb. made him run. # Ex 10:16 1Sa 2:8 Ps 113:7,8 Da 2:25 * he shaved. # 2Sa 19:24 2Ki 25:29 Es 4:1-4 5:1 Isa 61:3,10 Jer 52:32,33 * I have heard. # 9-13 Ps 25:14 Da 5:12,16 * that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it. or, when thou hearest a dream, thou canst interpret it. * It is not. # 40:8 Nu 12:6 2Ki 6:27 Da 2:18-23,28-30,47 4:2 Ac 3:7,12 # Ac 14:14,15 1Co 15:10 2Co 3:5 * peace. # 37:14 Lu 19:42 # 1-7 # Jer 24:1-3,5,8 * poor. # Ru 3:10 # 20 * eaten them up. Heb. come to the inward parts of them. # Eze 3:3 Re 10:9,10 * still. # Ps 37:19 Isa 9:20 # 22 * withered. or, small. thin. # 6 2Ki 19:26 Ps 129:6,7 Ho 8:7 9:16 13:15 * blasted. All the mischief done to corn or fruit by blasting, smutting, mildew, etc. are attributed to the east wind. (See Parallel Passages.) In Egypt it is peculiarly destructive, because it comes through the parched deserts of Arabia, often destroying vast numbers of people. The destructive nature of the {Sam, Simoom, Smoom,} or {Samiel,} is mentioned by almost all travellers. When this pestilential wind advances, its approach is indicated by a redness in the air. The principal stream of the blast always moves in a line of about 20 yards in breadth, and 12 feet above the surface of the earth; but its parching influence pervades all places to a considerable distance. The only means of preservation from its noxious influence is to lie flat, with the face upon the ground, till the blast be over. Camels and other animals instinctively perceive its approach, and bury their mouths and nostrils in the ground. It rarely last more than seven or eight minutes, but so poisonous are its effects, that it instantly suffocates those who are unfortunate enough to inhale it. * I told this. # 8 Ex 8:19 Da 4:7 * God. See on ver. # 16 Ex 9:14 Jos 11:6 Ps 98:2 Isa 41:22,23 43:9 Da 2:28,29 # Da 2:45,47 Am 3:7 Mt 24:40 Mr 13:23 Eph 1:17 Re 4:1 * are. or, signify. # 2,5,29,47,53 40:18 Ex 12:11 1Co 10:4 * good ears are seven. See ch. # 40:12 * the dream is one. # 2:24 Ex 26:6 1Jo 5:7 * seven years of famine. # 2Sa 24:19 2Ki 8:1 * What God. See on ver. # 16,25 # 26,46,49 * seven years. # 27,54 2Sa 24:13 1Ki 17:1 2Ki 8:1 Lu 4:25 Jas 5:17 * shall be. # 21,51 Pr 31:7 Isa 65:16 * consume. # 47:13 Ps 105:16 * the plenty. It is well known, that in Egypt there is scarcely any rain, the country depending for its fertility upon the overflowing of the Nile; and that the fertility is in proportion to the duration and quality of the overflow, in order to saturate the land and prepare for the seed. Pliny has given a scale, by which the plenty or dearth may ascertained; which may be considered as perfectly correct. The ordinary height of the inundations is 16 cubits. When the waters are lower than this standard, they do not overflow the whole ground; when above this standard they are too long in running off. In the first case, the ground is not saturated; by the second, the waters are detained so long on the ground that seed-time is lost. The province marks both. If it rise only 12 cubits, a famine is the consequence; at 13 hunger prevails; 14 produces general rejoicing; 15 perfect security; and 16 all the luxuries of life. * grievous. Heb. heavy. # 1Sa 5:6 Isa 24:20 * doubled. # 37:7,9 Job 33:14,15 2Co 13:1 * it is because. # Nu 23:19 Isa 14:24-27 46:10,11 Mt 24:35 * established by. or, prepared of. # Isa 30:33 Mt 25:34,41 Mr 10:40 1Co 2:9 Re 9:15 * therefore. # Da 4:27 * look out. # Ex 18:19-22 De 1:13 Ac 6:3 * officers. or, overseers. # Nu 31:14 2Ki 11:11,12 2Ch 34:12 Ne 11:9 * and take. # Job 5:20 Ps 33:19 Pr 6:6-8 22:3 27:12 Lu 16:5 * gather. # 48,49,56 45:6,7 * hand. # Ex 4:13 * that the. # 47:13-25 * perish not. Heb. be not cut off. # 30 * the thing. # Ps 105:19 Pr 10:20 25:11 Ac 7:10 * good. # Jos 22:30 2Sa 3:36 1Ki 21:2 * in whom. # Nu 27:18 Job 32:8 Da 4:6,8,18 5:11,14 6:3 # 16,25,28,33 * Thou shalt. # 39:4-6 45:8,9,26 Ps 105:21,22 Pr 22:29 Da 2:46-48 5:29 6:3 * be ruled. Heb. be armed, or kiss. # 1Sa 10:1 Job 31:27 Ps 2:12 # 44 39:5,22 Es 10:3 Pr 17:2 22:29 Da 2:7,8 4:2,3 6:3 Mt 28:18 # Php 2:9-11 * his ring. # Es 3:10,12 6:7-12 8:2,8,10,15 10:3 Da 2:46,47 5:7,29 Lu 15:22 * fine linen. or, silk. # Eze 27:7 * a gold chain. # Pr 1:9 31:22,24 So 1:10 Eze 16:10,11 Da 5:7,16,29 Lu 19:16-19 * and they. # Es 6:8,9 * Bow the knee. or, Tender father. # 45:8 * Heb. Abrech. # Php 2:10 * ruler. # 42:6,30,33 45:8,26 Ac 7:10 * lift up his hand. # Ex 11:7 * Zaphnath-paaneah. Which in Coptic signifies a revealer of secrets, or, the man to whom secrets are revealed. Jerome says this name signified in Egyptian, {Savatorem mundi,} "the Saviour of the world;" and {Psotem-phaneh,} in Coptic, is certainly "salvation of the world," from [SOT,] for [soteria <4991>,] salvation, {em,} the sign of the genitive case, and [PHENEH], world. If this interpretation be correct, Pharaoh must have meant Egypt by the world, or which Joseph might be justly termed the Saviour. We know that the Romans called their empire {Universis Orbis-Orbis Terrarum,} "all the world:" the Chinese say the same of their empire at the present day, and the phrase is used in the East: Nadir Shah is described on his coins as "Conqueror of the World," i.e., Persia. See the same phraseology applied to Syria, Palestine, etc. # Lu 2:1 Ac 11:28 * priest of. or, prince. # 14:18 Ex 2:16 *marg: # 2Sa 8:18 20:26 *Heb: * On. # 46:20 Eze 30:17 * Aven. * years. # 37:2 Nu 4:3 2Sa 5:4 Lu 3:23 * he stood. # 1Sa 16:21 1Ki 12:6,8 Pr 22:29 Da 1:19 Lu 21:36 Jude 1:24 * From A.M. 2289, B.C. 1715, to A.M. 2296, B.C. 1708. handfuls. # 26:12 Ps 72:16 # 34-36 47:21 # 22:17 Jud 6:5 7:12 1Sa 13:5 Job 1:3 Ps 78:27 Jer 33:22 * unto Joseph. # 46:20 48:5 * Asenath. # 45 46:20 * priest. or, prince. # 2Sa 8:18 * called. A.M. 2292. B.C. 1712. # 48:5,13,14,18-20 De 33:17 * Manasseh. i.e., Forgetting. See on ver. # 30 Ps 45:10 Isa 57:16 * forget. # Ps 30:5,11 Pr 31:7 Isa 65:16 * A.M. 2293. B.C. 1711. called he. # 29:32-35 30:6-13 50:23 * Ephraim. i.e., Fruitful. # 48:16-19 49:22 Isa 40:1,2 * the land. # Ps 105:17,18 Am 6:6 Ac 7:10 * A.M. 2296. B.C. 1708. # 29-31 Ps 73:20 Lu 16:25 * the seven. # 3,4,6,7,27 45:11 Ps 105:16 Ac 7:11 * according. # 30 * and the dearth. # 42:2,5,6 43:1 45:11 47:13 * famished. # 2Ki 6:25-29 Jer 14:1-6 La 4:3-10 * Go unto. # 40,41 Ps 105:20-22 Mt 3:17 17:5 Joh 1:14-16 Php 4:19 # Col 1:19 * the face. # Isa 23:17 Zec 5:3 Lu 21:35 Ac 17:26 * all the storehouses. Heb. all wherein was. sold. # 42:6 47:14-24 * all countries. # 42:1,5 50:20 De 9:28 Ps 105:16,17 * in all lands. # 54,56 1 Jacob sends his ten sons to buy corn in Egypt. 16 They are imprisoned by Joseph for spies. 18 They are set at liberty, on condition to bring Benjamin. 21 They have remorse for Joseph. 24 Simeon is kept for a pledge. 25 They return with corn, and their money. 29 Their relation to Jacob. 36 Jacob refuses to send Benjamin. * when Jacob. # 41:54,57 Ac 7:12 * saw. i.e, heard, from the report of others, that there was plenty in Egypt. The operations of one sense are frequently put for those of another in Hebrew; (see the Parallel Passages.) # 2 Ex 5:19 20:18 1Ki 19:3 Ho 5:13 Ga 2:7 * Why do ye. # Jos 7:10 2Ki 8:3,4 Ezr 10:4 Jer 8:14 * get you. # 43:2,4 45:9 * that we. # 43:8 Ps 118:17 Isa 38:1 Mt 4:4 # 5,13 * Benjamin. # 35:16-19 * Lest. # 38 3:22 11:4 33:1,2 43:14,29 44:20-22,27-34 * for. # 12:10 26:1 41:57 Ac 7:11 11:28 * governor. {Shallit,} an intendant, protector, ruler, from {shalat,} to be over or a protector, to rule: hence the Arabic {salita,} to obtain and exercise dominion, rule; and {sultân,} ruler, lord, prince, and king. # 41:40,41 45:8,26 Ps 105:16-21 Ac 7:10 * he it was. # 41:55,56 * bowed. # 18:2 19:1 37:7,9 44:14 Re 3:9 * roughly unto them. Heb. hard things with them. # 9-12,14-17,19,20 Mt 15:23-26 * but they knew. # Lu 24:16 Joh 20:14 21:4 * remembered. # 37:5-9 * Ye are spies. Persons who, under the pretence of wishing to buy corn, desire only to find out whether the land be so defenceless that the tribes to which you belong may attack it successfully, drive out the inhabitants, and settle themselves in it; or, having plundered it, retire into their deserts. This is a frequent custom among the Arabs to the present day. # 9,16,30,31,34 Nu 13:2,16-20 Jos 2:1 6:23 Jud 1:24 1Sa 26:4 # Lu 20:20 Heb 11:31 * nakedness. # Ex 32:35 # 27:29,37 37:8 44:9 1Sa 26:17 1Ki 18:7 * We are, etc. We do not belong to different tribes; and it is not likely that one family would make a hostile attempt upon a whole kingdom; nor, if any serious design had been intended, that one man would have sent his sons on so hazardous an expedition. * true men. # 19,33,34 Joh 7:18 2Co 6:4 * nakedness. # 9 * Thy servants. # 11,32 29:32-35 30:6-24 35:16-26 43:7 46:8-27 Ex 1:2-5 # Nu 1:1-54 10:1-36 26:1-65 34:1-29 1Ch 2:1-8:40 * one is not. # 36,38 37:30 44:20,28 45:26 Jer 31:15 La 5:7 Mt 2:16,18 # 9-11 Job 13:24 19:11 Mt 15:21-28 * By the life. # 7,12,16,30 De 6:13 1Sa 1:26 17:55 20:3 Jer 5:2,7 Mt 5:33-37 # Mt 23:16-22 Jas 5:12 * except. # 20,34 43:3 44:20-34 * kept in prison. Heb. bound. # 19 * put. Heb. gathered. # Isa 24:22 Ac 5:18 * ward. # 40:4,7 41:10 Le 24:12 Ps 119:65 Ac 4:3 Heb 12:10 * I fear God. # 20:11 Le 25:43 Ne 5:9,15 Lu 18:2,4 * house. # 40:3 Isa 42:7,22 Jer 37:15 * carry corn. # 1,2,26 41:56 43:1,2 45:23 * bring. # 15,34 43:5,19 44:23 * And they. # 26 6:22 Joh 2:5 * they said. # 41:9 Nu 32:23 2Sa 12:13 1Ki 17:18 Job 33:27,28 34:31,32 # Job 36:8,9 Ho 5:15 Mt 27:3,4 Mr 9:44,46,48 Lu 16:28 Ac 19:18 * we saw. # 37:23-28 Jud 1:7 Pr 21:13 24:11,12 28:17 Jer 2:17,19 4:18 # Jer 34:17 Mt 7:2 1Jo 1:9 Jas 2:13 * this distress. # Pr 1:27,28 * Spake I. # 37:21,22,29,30 Lu 23:41 Ro 2:15 * his blood. # 4:10 9:5,6 1Ki 2:32 2Ch 24:22 Ps 9:12 Eze 3:18 Lu 11:50,51 # Ac 28:4 Re 13:10 16:9 * he spake unto them by a interpreter. Heb. an interpreter was between them. The {mailitz} does not seem to have been an interpreter in our sense of the term; as we have many evidences in this book that the Egyptians, Hebrews, Canaanites, and Syrians, could understand each other in a general way; and it appears from several passages in this very chapter, (particularly ver. 24,) that Joseph and his brethren understood each others' language, as his brethren and Joseph's steward also did (ch. 43:19, etc; compare ch. 39; 49.) It seems to denote an officer who is called in Abyssinia, according to Mr. Bruce, {Kal Hatzé,} "the voice or word of the king," who always stands at the side of a lattice window of a balcony, within which the king sits; who is never seen, but who speaks through a hole in the side of it, covered in the inside with a curtain, to this officer, by whom he speaks to the persons present. # Joh 16:13,14 2Co 5:20 * wept. # 43:30 Isa 63:9 Lu 19:41 Ro 12:15 1Co 12:26 Heb 4:15 * Simeon. # 34:25 49:5-7 Jude 1:22,23 * commanded. # 44:1,2 Isa 55:1 * to give them. # 45:21 Mt 6:33 * and thus. # Mt 5:44 Ro 12:17-21 1Pe 3:9 * laded their asses. # 12:16 24:35 30:43 32:5,15 34:28 44:3,13 45:17,23 1Sa 25:18 # 2Sa 16:2 1Ch 12:40 2Ch 28:15 Ne 13:15 Job 1:3 Isa 30:6 * the inn. # 43:21 44:11 Ex 4:24 Lu 2:7 10:34 * inn. {Malon,} from {loon,} to stay, abide, lodge, denotes any place to stay and lodge in, particularly a place where travellers usually stop to lodge, which is generally near a well, where they fill their {girbehs,} or leathern bottles, with fresh water, and having unladen and clogged their camels, asses, etc., permit them to crop any little verdure there may be in the place, keeping watch over them by turns. Our word inn here gives us a false idea, there were no such places of entertainment in the desert which Joseph's brethren had to pass; nor are there any at the present day. The only accommodation such a place affords is either a well, or a {khan,} or {caravanserai,} which is generally no more than four bare walls, perfectly exposed, the place being open at the top, and furnishing a wretched lodging: and even these, it is probable, were not in use at this early period. * their heart. # 36 27:33 Le 26:36 De 28:65 1Ki 10:5 Ps 61:2 So 5:6 # Lu 21:26 * failed them. Heb. went forth. This refers to the spasmodic affection which is felt in the breast at any sudden alarm or fright. * What is. # Isa 45:7 La 2:17 3:37 Am 3:6 * Caanan. # 5,13 37:1 45:17 * told. # 44:24 * roughly to us. Heb. with us hard things. # 7-20 * true. # 11 * twelve brethren. # 13 # 15,19,20 * traffick. # 34:10,21 1Ki 10:15 Eze 17:4 * every man's. # 27,28 43:21 * Me have ye. # 37:20-35 43:14 * all these things are against me. {Alay hayoo cullanah,} literally, "upon me are all these things:" rendered by the Vulgate, {in me hæc omnia mala reciderunt,} "all these evils fall back upon me;" they lie upon me as heavy loads, hastening my death: they are more than I can bear. # 45:28 47:12 1Sa 27:1 Job 7:7 Ps 34:19 Ec 7:8 Isa 27:9 38:10 # Isa 41:10,13,14 Mt 14:31 Ro 8:28,31 1Co 10:13 2Co 4:17 # Jas 5:7-11 * Slay my. # 43:9 44:32-34 46:9 Mic 6:7 * his brother. # 13 30:22-24 35:16-18 37:33,35 44:20,27-34 * if mischief. # 4 44:29 * bring. # 37:35 44:29,31 1Ki 2:6 Ps 71:18 90:10 Ec 1:14 2:26 Isa 38:10 # Isa 46:4 1 Jacob is hardly persuaded to send Benjamin. 15 Joseph entertains his brethren. 19 They discover their fears to the steward. 26 Joseph makes them a feast. # 18:13 41:54-57 42:5 Ec 9:1,2 La 5:10 Ac 7:11-13 # 4,20 42:1,2 Pr 15:16 16:18 31:16 1Ti 5:8 6:6-8 * man. # 42:15-20,33,34 44:23 * did solemnly protest. Heb. protesting, protested. # Ac 7:34 * see my face. # 5 2Sa 3:13 14:24,28,32 Ac 20:25,38 # 4 * will not. # 42:38 44:26 Ex 20:12 * dealt. # 42:38 * asked us straitly. Heb. asking asked us. # 3 *marg: * tenor. Heb. mouth. could we certainly know. knowing could we know. # 3 *marg: * lad with me. # 42:38 44:26 Ex 20:12 * that we. # 42:2 De 33:6 2Ki 7:4,13 Ps 118:17 * also our. # 45:19 50:8,21 Nu 14:31 Ezr 8:21 * will be. # 42:37 44:32,33 1Ki 1:21 Job 17:3 Ps 119:122 Phm 1:18,19 # Heb 7:22 * of my hand. # 9:5 31:39 Eze 3:18,20 33:6,8 Lu 11:50 # 19:16 * this second time. or, twice by this. * If it must be. # 14 Es 4:16 Ac 21:14 * carry down. # 32:13-21 33:10 37:25 De 33:14 1Sa 9:7 25:27 1Ki 4:21 10:25 # 1Ki 15:19 2Ki 8:8 16:8 20:12 Ps 68:29 72:10 76:11 Pr 17:18 # Pr 18:16 19:6 21:14 Eze 27:17 * a little balm. # 37:25 Jer 8:22 Eze 27:15 * balm. For an explanation of the words {tzori, nechoth,} and {lot,} here rendered respectively balm, spices, and myrrh, see on ch. 37:25. {Devash,} honey, is supposed by some not to have been that produced by bees, but a syrup produced from ripe dates. The Jewish doctors observe, that the word in 2 Ch 31:5 signifies dates; and the Arabians, at this day, call the choicest dates preserved with butter, {dabous,} and the honey obtained from them, {dibs,} or {dabs.} {Benanim,} nuts signifies pistachio nuts, the finest thing found in Syria; but, according to the others, a small nut, the produce of a species of the turpentine tree. {Shekaidim} is certainly almonds. * honey. # Le 20:24 * spices. # 1Ki 10:15 So 4:10,14-16 5:1 8:14 * double. # Ro 12:17 13:8 2Co 8:21 Php 4:8 1Th 4:6 5:21 Heb 13:8 * mouth. # 42:25,35 # 42:38 * And God. # 17:1 22:14 32:11-28 39:21 Ezr 7:27 Ne 1:11 Es 4:16 Ps 37:5-7 # Ps 85:7 100:5 119:41 Pr 1:1 16:7 21:1 Isa 49:13 Lu 1:50 # Ac 7:10 21:14 1Ti 1:2,16 Tit 1:4 2Jo 1:3 * If I be, etc. or, and I, as I have been, etc. # Es 4:16 * See on ver. # 11 * double money. # 12 Ex 22:4,7 Pr 6:31 * went down. # Ge 39:1 46:3,6 * stood before. # Ge 37:7 47:2,7 Mt 2:11 Ac 7:13 * the ruler. # 19 15:2 24:2-10 39:4,5 44:1 * slay. Heb. kill a killing. # 21:8 26:30 31:54 1Sa 25:11 {Tevoch taivach,} "slay a slaying," or make a great slaughter: let preparations be made for a great feast or entertainment. See a similar form of speech in ch. 31:54. # 1Sa 25:11 Pr 9:2 * dine with. Heb. eat. # 17 * the men. # 42:21,28,35 Jud 13:22 Job 15:21 Ps 53:5 73:16 Isa 7:2 # Mt 14:26,27 Mr 6:16 * seek occasion against us. Heb. Roll himself upon us. # De 22:14,17 Jud 14:4 Job 30:14 Ro 7:8 * steward. # 16,24 2Sa 19:17 Isa 22:15 * communed. # Joh 14:26 * we came indeed down. Heb. coming down we came down. # 3,7 42:3,10,27,35 * we came. # 42:27-35 * we have. # 12 Ro 12:17 13:8 Heb 13:5,18 1Pe 2:12 3:16 * other money. # Ro 10:3 * Peace. # Jud 6:23 19:20 1Sa 25:6 1Ch 12:18 Ezr 4:17 Lu 10:5 24:36 # Joh 14:27 20:19,21,26 * I had your money. Heb. Your money came to me. {Caspechem ba ailai,} "your money comes to me:" as I am the steward, the cash for the corn belongs to me. Ye have no occasion to be apprehensive of any evil; the whole transaction is between myself and you; receive therefore the money as a present from "the God of your father," no matter whose hands he employs to convey it. * Simeon. # 14 42:24,36 # 18:4 19:2 24:32 Lu 7:44 Joh 13:4-17 # 11,16 * bowed. # 28 27:29 37:7-10,19,20 42:6 Ps 72:9 Ro 14:11 Php 2:10,11 * welfare. Heb. peace. # 37:14 41:16 Ex 18:7 Jud 18:15 1Sa 17:22 25:5 1Ch 18:10 * Is your father well. Heb. Is there peace to your father? the old. # 42:11,13 * bowed. # 26 37:7,9,10 * made obeisance. # Ex 18:7 2Sa 1:2 14:4 1Ki 1:16 2Ch 24:17 * mother's son. # 30:22-24 35:17,18 * of whom. # 42:11,13 * God. # 45:8 Jos 7:19 2Ch 29:11 Ps 133:1,2 Mt 9:2,22 Mr 10:24 # 1Ti 1:2 Heb 13:1 * my son. # Nu 6:25 Ps 111:4 112:4 Isa 30:19 33:2 Mal 1:9 * his bowels. # 1Ki 3:26 Jer 31:20 Ho 11:8 Php 1:8 2:1 Col 3:12 1Jo 3:17 * wept there. # 42:24 Joh 11:33-38 Ac 20:19,31,37 2Ti 1:4 * refrained. # 45:1 Isa 42:14 Jer 31:16 1Pe 3:10 * bread. # 25 * eat bread. # 16 31:54 * for that is an abomination. The Chaldee Paraphrast renders this clause, "Because the Hebrews eat the cattle which the Egyptians worship." But, as we learn from ver. 16, compared with this verse, that the provision for the entertainment of the Egyptians themselves was animal food, this reason cannot be just. The true reason seems to be that assigned by the LXX., [ :] "For every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians." # 46:34 Ex 8:26 * 44.12 * messes. # 2Sa 11:8 * was five times. Sir John Chardin observes, that "in Persia, Arabia, and the Indies, there are some houses where they place several plates in large salvers, and set one of these before each person, or before two or three, according to the magnificence of each house. The great men of the state are always served by themselves, in the feasts that are made for them; and with great profusion, their part of each kind of provision being always double, treble, or a larger proportion of each kind of meat." # 45:22 1Sa 1:5 9:22-24 * were merry. Heb. drank largely. # Pr 31:6 Ec 9:7 10:19 So 5:1 Hab 1:6 Mt 11:19 Joh 2:10 1 Joseph's policy to stay his brethren. 6 The cup is found in Benjamin's sack. 14 They are brought before Joseph. 18 Judah's humble supplication to Joseph. * the steward. Heb. him that was over his house. # 24:2 43:16,19 * Fill the. # 42:25 43:2 Isa 3:1 # 42:15,16,20 43:32 De 8:2,16 13:3 Mt 10:16 2Co 8:8 # 3 * Up. # De 2:16 * Wherefore. # 1Sa 24:17 2Ch 20:11 Ps 35:12 109:5 Pr 17:13 Joh 10:32 * divineth. or, maketh trial. # 15 *marg: # 30:27 Le 19:26 1Ki 20:33 2Ki 21:6 In the East, there is an ancient tradition, that there was a Cup which possessed the strange property of representing in it the whole world, and all the things which were then doing. The cup is called {Jami Jemsheed,} "the cup of Jemsheed," a very ancient king of Persia; and they say that it was discovered, filled with the elixir of immortality, when digging to lay the foundations of Persepolis. The Persian poets are full of allusions to this cup, which they style {Jem jehan nima,} the cup shewing the universe; and to it they ascribe all the prosperity of their ancient monarchs. Many of the Mahometan princes and governors affect still to have information by means of a cup. Now, though it cannot be admitted that Joseph practised divination, yet, according to the superstition of those times, supernatural influence might be attributed to HIS CUP. # 6 # 34:25-31 35:22 37:18-32 38:16-18 Jos 22:22-29 2Sa 20:20 # 2Ki 8:13 Pr 22:1 Ec 7:1 Heb 13:18 * the money. # 42:21,27,35 43:12,21,22 * how then. See on ver. # 7 Ex 20:15 De 5:19 Mt 19:18 Ro 13:9 Jas 2:10,11 * both. # 31:32 Job 31:38-40 Ps 7:3-5 Ac 25:11 * and we. # 43:18 * he with whom. # 17,33 Ex 22:3 Mt 18:24,25 # 11 * began. # 43:33 * and the cup. # 26-32 42:36-38 43:14 # 37:29-34 Nu 14:6 2Sa 1:2,11 13:19 * he was yet. # 43:16,25 * fell. # 37:7-9 50:18 Php 2:10,11 * What. # 4,5 3:13 4:10 * wot ye not. # 21:26 39:8 Ex 32:1 * divine. or, make trial. # 5 * Judah. # 32 43:8,9 * What shall we say. # De 25:1 Ezr 9:10,15 Job 40:4 Pr 17:15 Isa 5:3 Da 9:7 Ac 2:37 * God hath. # 37:18-28 42:21,22 Nu 32:23 Jos 7:1,18 Jud 1:7 Pr 28:17 Mt 7:2 # Lu 12:2 * iniquity. # 43:9 Isa 27:9 Da 9:7 * behold. # 9 37:7,9 * God forbid. # 18:25 42:18 2Sa 23:3 Ps 75:2 Pr 17:15 * he shall. # 10 * in peace. # 26:29 37:32,33 * Oh my Lord. "No paraphrase," says Dr. A. Clarke, "can heighten the effect of Judah's address to Joseph. To add, would be to diminish its excellence; to attempt to explain, would be to obscure its beauties; to clothe the ideas in other language than that of Judah, and his translators in our Bible, would ruin its energy, and destroy its influence. It is perhaps one of the most tender, affecting pieces of natural oratory ever spoken or penned: and we need not wonder to find that, when Joseph heard it, he could not refrain himself, but wept aloud. His soul must have been insensible beyond what is common to human nature, had he not immediately yielded to a speech so delicately tender, and so powerfully impressive." * let thy. # 18:30,32 2Sa 14:12 Job 33:31 Ac 2:29 * anger. # Ex 32:22 Es 1:12 Ps 79:5 * as Pharaoh. # 41:40,44 Pr 19:12 Da 3:15,19-23 5:19 Joh 5:22 # 42:7-10 43:7,29 * we said. Every word in this verse is simplicity and pathos itself. No man of the least sensibility can read it without great emotion. Indeed the whole speech is exquisitely beautiful, and perhaps the most complete pattern of genuine natural eloquence extant in any language. When we read this generous speech, we forgive Judah all the past, and cannot refuse to say, "Thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise." # 49:8 * a child. # 35:18 37:3,19 43:7,8 46:21 * and his brother. # 37:33-35 42:36,38 * he alone. # 27-29 Lu 7:12 * Bring. # 42:15,20 43:29 * that I may. # Jer 24:6 40:4 Am 9:4 * his father would die. # 30 42:38 # 42:15-20 43:3,5 * we told him. # 42:29-34 # 43:2,5 # 43:4,5 Lu 11:7 # 29:18-21,28 30:22-25 35:16-18 46:19 * the one. # 37:13,14 * Surely. # 37:33 42:36,38 * And if. # 42:36,38 43:14 Ps 88:3,4 * sorrow. # 31 42:38 De 31:17 Ps 88:4 * When I. # 17,31,34 * his life # 1Sa 18:1 25:29 2Sa 18:33 * when he. # 1Sa 4:17,18 2Co 7:10 1Th 4:13 * servants shall. # 29 37:26,27,35 1Sa 22:22 * grave. # 29 37:35 # 43:8,9,16 * therefore. What must Benjamin have felt when he heard his brother conclude his speech by a proposal which could never have been thought of if it had not been actually made! Perhaps the annals of the whole world do not produce an instance of so heroic and disinterested affection in any mere man. * I pray thee. # Ex 32:32 Ro 5:7-10 9:3 * instead. # Heb 7:22 1Jo 3:16 * lest. # 1Sa 2:33,34 2Ch 34:28 Es 8:6 Jer 52:10,11 * come on. Heb. find. # Ex 18:8 Job 31:29 Ps 116:3 119:143 *marg: 1 Joseph makes himself known to his brethren. 5 He comforts them in God's providence. 9 He sends for his father. 16 Pharaoh confirms it. 21 Joseph furnishes then for their journey, and exhorts them to concord. 25 Jacob is revived with the news. * could not. # 43:30,31 Isa 42:14 Jer 20:9 * Cause. # 2Sa 1:20 Mt 18:15 Ac 10:41 1Co 13:5 * wept aloud. Heb. gave forth his voice in weeping. "This," says Sir J. Chardin, "is exactly the genius of the people of Asia; their sentiments of joy or grief are properly transports, and their transports are ungoverned, excessive, and truly outrageous. When anyone returns from a long journey or dies, his family burst into cries that may be heard twenty doors off; and this is renewed at different times, and continues many days, according to the vigour of the passion. Sometimes they cease all at once, and then begin as suddenly, with a greater shrillness and loudness than one could easily imagine." # Nu 14:1 Ru 1:9 2Ki 20:3 Ac 20:37 * I am Joseph. # Mt 14:27 Ac 7:13 9:5 * for they. # Job 4:5 23:15 Zec 12:10 Mt 14:26 Mr 6:50 Lu 5:8 24:37,38 # Re 1:7 * troubled. or, terrified. * I am Joseph. # 37:28 50:18 Mt 14:27 Ac 9:5 * be not grieved. # Isa 40:1,2 Lu 23:34 2Co 2:7,11 * nor angry with yourselves. Heb. neither let there be anger in your eyes. God. # 7,8 47:25 50:20 1Sa 1:19 2Sa 12:12 16:10-12 17:14 Job 1:21 # Ps 105:16,17 Ac 2:23,24 4:24-28 7:9-15 * two years. # 41:29-31,54,56 47:18 * earing. Earing means ploughing or seed-time from the Anglo-Saxon {erian,} probably from {aro,} to plough; and agrees with [aroo <723>,] Greek, {charatha,} Arabic, and {charash,} Hebrew. # 47:23 Ex 34:21 De 21:4 1Sa 8:12 Isa 30:24 * to preserve you a posterity. Heb. to put for you a remnant. to save. # Jud 15:18 1Ch 11:14 Ps 18:50 44:4 Ac 7:35 * it was not. # 5 Joh 15:16 19:11 Ro 9:16 * father. # 41:39-48 Jud 17:10 Job 29:16 Ps 105:21,22 * Thus saith. # 26-28 * come. # 13,19,20 * in the land. # 46:29,34 47:1-6 Ex 8:22 9:26 * Goshen. Goshen was the most eastern district of Lower Egypt, and the frontier of that country and Arabia, not far from the Arabian gulf, and lying next to Canaan; for Jacob went directly thither when he came into Egypt, from which it was about eighty miles distant, though Hebron was distant from the Egyptian capital about three hundred miles. * be near. # Joh 14:2,3 17:24 # 47:6,12 Mt 15:5,6 Mr 7:9-12 1Ti 5:4 * your eyes. # 42:23 Lu 24:39 Joh 20:27 * my mouth. * Not as. # 42:23 * my glory. # Joh 17:24 1Pe 1:10-12 Re 21:23 * bring. # Ac 7:14 # 29:11 33:4 46:29 Ro 1:31 * Moreover. # 2 29:11,13 33:4 Ex 4:27 Ru 1:9,14 1Sa 10:1 20:41 2Sa 14:33 # Lu 15:20 Ac 20:37 * talked. # Ps 77:4 * it pleased Pharaoh well. Heb. was good in the eyes of Pharaoh. # 16:6 20:15 34:18 41:33 De 1:33 2Sa 3:36 2Ch 30:4 Es 1:21 2:4 # Es 5:14 Ac 6:5 * lade your. # 42:25,26 44:1,2 * the fat. # 27:28 47:6 Nu 18:12,29 De 32:14 Ps 81:16 147:14 Isa 28:1,4 * commanded. # Isa 49:1,23 * waggons. # 27 46:5 * for your. # 31:17,18 * regard not. Heb. let not your eye spare, etc. # De 7:16 19:13,21 Isa 13:18 Eze 7:4,9 9:5 20:17 * stuff. # Ex 22:7 Jos 7:11 1Sa 10:22 25:13 30:24 Eze 12:3,4 Mt 24:17 # Lu 17:31 * the good. # 18 20:15 Ezr 9:12 Isa 1:19 * waggons. # 19,27 46:5 Nu 7:3-9 Eze 23:24 * commandment. Heb. mouth. # 19 Ex 17:1 Nu 3:16 2Ch 8:13 35:16 Ec 8:2 La 1:18 * To all. It is a common custom with all the Asiatic sovereigns to give both garments and money to ambassadors and persons of distinction, whom they particularly wish to honour. De La Motraye says, "that they then clothed them (the ambassadors) with {caffetans} (long vests of gold or silver brocade) with large silk flowers." * each. # Jud 14:12,19 2Ki 5:5,22,23 Re 6:11 * to Benjamin. # 43:34 * laden with. Heb. carrying. # 17 * good things. # 24:10 43:11 Ex 16:3 * meat. As {mazon} is derived from {zoon,} to prepare, provide, Dr. A. Clarke thinks it may mean here prepared meat; some made-up dish, delicacies, confectionaries, etc. In Asiatic countries they have several curious methods of preserving flesh by potting, by which it may be kept, for any length of time, sweet and wholesome. Some delicacy, similar to the savoury meat which Isaac loved, may here be intended; sent to Jacob in consideration of his age, and to testify the respect of his son; for of other kinds of meat he could have no need, as he had large flocks and herds, and could kill a lamb, kid, etc. when he pleased. * See that. # 37:22 42:21,22 Ps 133:1-3 Joh 13:34,35 Eph 4:31,32 Php 2:2-5 # Col 3:12,13 1Th 5:13 # 25 * Joseph. # Lu 24:34 * and he is. # 8,9 Ps 105:21 * And Jacob's. Heb. And his. # 37:35 42:36,38 44:28 Jon 2:7 * he believed. # Job 9:16 29:24 Ps 126:1 Lu 24:11,41 * the spirit. # Jud 15:19 1Sa 30:12 Ps 85:6 Isa 57:15 Ho 6:2 * It is enough. # 46:30 Lu 2:28-30 Joh 16:21,22 1 Jacob is comforted by God at Beer-sheba. 5 Thence he with his company goes into Egypt. 8 The number of his family that went into Egypt. 28 Joseph meets Jacob. 31 He instructs his brethren how to answer Pharaoh. * A.M. 2298. B.C. 1706. Beer-sheba. # 21:14,31,33 26:22,23 28:10 1Sa 3:20 * and offered. # 4:4 8:20 12:8 22:13 33:20 35:3,7 Job 1:5 42:8 * unto. # 21:33 26:23,25 28:13 31:42,53 * in the visions. # 15:1,13 22:11 Nu 12:6 24:4 2Ch 26:5 Job 4:13 33:14,15 Da 2:19 # Ac 9:10 10:3 16:9 * Jacob. # 22:1 Ex 3:3,4 1Sa 3:4,10 Ac 9:4 10:13 * the God. # 28:13 * fear not. # 15:1,13 26:2,3 Isa 41:10 43:1,2 Jer 40:9 Ac 27:24 * I will. # 12:2 13:15,16 18:18 22:17 28:14 35:11 47:27 Ex 1:7-10 De 1:10 # De 10:22 26:5 Ac 7:17 * will go. # 28:15 48:21 Isa 43:1,2 * and I will. # 15:14-16 50:5,13,24,25 Ex 3:8 * and Joseph. This last and most solemn office, as Mr. Hewlett observes, that could be paid to a parent, was generally performed by the nearest relation of the deceased. This promise must have given great consolation to the venerable patriarch's mind. # 50:1 * Jacob. # Ac 7:15 * in the waggons. # 31:17,18 45:19,21,27 Ex 10:24,26 * into Egypt. # 15:13 Nu 20:15 De 10:22 26:5 Jos 24:4 1Sa 12:8 Ps 105:23 # Isa 52:4 Ac 7:15 * his daughters. # Ge 37:35 Jos 24:4 Ps 105:23 Isa 52:4 * the names. # 29:1-30:43 35:23 49:1-33 Ex 1:1-5 6:14-18 1Ch 2:1-55 8:1-40 * Reuben. # 29:32 35:22,23 49:3,4 Ex 6:14 Nu 1:5,20,21 2:10-13 26:5-11 # De 33:6 1Ch 2:1-10 * Phallu. i.e., wonderful, distinguished, \\S#6396h\\. # Ex 6:14 * Pallu. # Nu 26:5,8 1Ch 5:3 * Simeon. # 29:33 34:25,30 49:5-7 Ex 6:15 Nu 1:6,22,23 2:12,13 26:12,13 # 1Ch 2:1 4:24-43 * Jemuel. or, Nemuel. * Jachin. or, Jarib. * Zohar. or, Zerah. # 1Ch 4:24 * Canaanitish. # 28:1 * Levi. # 29:34 49:5-7 Ex 6:16 Nu 3:17-22 4:1-49 8:1-26 26:57,58 # De 33:8-11 1Ch 2:1,11,16 6:1-3 22:1-26:32 * Gershon. or, Gershom. # 1Ch 6:16 * Judah. # 29:35 38:1-3,7,10,24-30 49:8-12 Nu 1:7,26,27 26:19-21 De 33:7 # Jud 1:2 1Ch 2:1,3-5 3:1-24 4:1,21 5:2 Ps 78:68 Mt 1:1-3 # Heb 7:14 Re 5:5 * Issachar. # 30:14-18 35:23 49:14,15 Nu 1:8,28-30 26:23-25 De 33:18 # 1Ch 2:1 7:1-5 12:32 * Phuvah. or, Puah. * Job. or, Jashub. # 1Ch 7:1 * Zebulun. # 30:19,20 49:13 Nu 1:9,30,31 26:26,27 De 33:18,19 1Ch 2:1 * Leah. # 29:32-35 30:17-21 35:23 49:3-15 Ex 1:2,3 Nu 1:1-54 10:1-36 # Nu 26:1-65 1Ch 2:1 * Padanaram. # 25:20 * with his. # 30:21 34:1-31 * sons of. # 30:11 35:26 49:19 Nu 1:11,24,25 26:15-17 De 33:20,21 1Ch 2:2 # 1Ch 5:11-16 * Ziphion. or, Zephon. * Ezbon. or, Ozni. * Arodi. or, Arod. # Nu 26:15-17 * Asher. # 30:13 35:26 49:20 Nu 1:13,40,41 26:44-46 De 33:24 1Ch 2:2 # 1Ch 7:30-40 * Zilpah. # 29:24 30:9-13 35:26 Ex 1:4 * Rachel. # 29:18 30:24 35:16-18,24 44:27 Ex 1:3,5 1Ch 2:2 * Joseph. # 37:1-36 39:1-23 40:1-45:28 47:1-31 49:22-27 50:1-14 # Nu 1:36,37 26:38-41 De 33:12-17 * Manasseh. # 41:50-52 48:4,5,13,14,20 Nu 1:32-35 26:28-37 De 33:13-17 # 1Ch 5:23-26 7:14-29 * priest. or, prince. # 41:45,50 *marg: * the sons. # 49:27 Nu 1:11,36,37 De 33:12 1Ch 7:6-12 8:1-7 * Ehi. # Nu 26:38 * Ahiram. * Muppim. # Nu 26:39 * Shupham. # 1Ch 7:12 * Shuppim. * Huppim. # Nu 26:39 * Hupham. * souls. Heb. nephesh. # 15,18,25,26,27 12:5 * Dan. # 30:6 35:25 49:16,17 Nu 1:12,38,39 10:25 De 33:22 1Ch 2:2 7:12 # 1Ch 12:35 * Hushim. # Nu 26:42,43 * Shuham. * Naphtali. # 30:7,8 35:25 49:21 Nu 1:15,42,43 26:48-50 De 33:23 2Ki 15:29 # 1Ch 2:2 12:34 * Jahzeel. # 1Ch 7:13 * Jahziel. * Bilhah. # 29:29 30:3-8 35:22,25 Ex 1:2 * loins. Heb. thigh. # 35:11 Ex 1:5 Jud 8:30 * threescore and ten. Threescore and six were before mentioned, (ver. 26,) so that Joseph and his two sons, together with Jacob himself, complete the seventy persons here enumerated; and the number in ver. 15, 18, 22, and 25 amount to that number. The addition of five persons in the LXX. in ver. 20, was either the cause or the consequence of another difference here; for in that version the number is seventy-five ver. 15, 18, 22, 25. # Ex 1:5 24:1 De 10:22 Ac 7:14 * Judah. # 43:8 44:16-34 49:8 * to direct. # 31:21 * Goshen. Goshen seems to have been a city, after which the land of Goshen was called. The LXX. render it by [ ,] Heroonpolis, "city of Heroon;" which by some writers is simply called Heroum, and is by the ancient geographers placed in the eastern part of Egypt, not far from the Arabian Gulf. # 34 * See on ch. # 45:10 47:1 * his chariot. # 41:43 45:19,21 * fell on. # 33:4 45:14 Lu 15:20 Ac 20:37 # 45:28 Lu 2:29,30 # 45:16-20 47:1-3 Ac 18:3 Heb 2:11 * shepherds. # 4:2 31:18 37:2 47:3 Ex 3:1 1Sa 16:11 17:15 Ps 78:70-72 # Isa 40:11 Zec 13:5 * their trade hath been to feed cattle. Heb. they are men of cattle. # 34 9:20 1Ki 9:27 18:5,6 * and they. # 45:10 * What is. # 32 47:2-4 Jon 1:8 * Thy servants. # 32 30:35 34:5 37:12 * for every. From the fragments of Manetho, preserved in Josephus and Africanus, it appears that hordes of marauders, call {hycassos,} or shepherd kings, whose chief occupation, like the Bedouin Arabs of the present day, was to keep flocks, made a powerful irruption into Egypt, which they subdued, and ruled, by a succession of kings, with great tyranny for 259 years. Hence the persons, and even the very name of shepherds were execrated, and held in the greatest odium by the Egyptians. # 43:32 Ex 8:26 1 Joseph presents his father, and five of his brethren before Pharaoh. 11 He gives them habitation and maintenance. 13 He gets the Egyptians' money; 16 their cattle; 18 and their lands, except the priests', to Pharaoh. 23 He restores the land for a fifth. 28 Jacob's age. 29 He swears Joseph to bury him with his fathers. * Joseph. # 45:16 46:31 Heb 2:11 * in the land. # 45:10 46:28,34 Ex 8:22 9:26 * presented. # Ac 7:13 2Co 4:14 Col 1:28 Jude 1:24 * What is. # 46:33,34 Am 7:14,15 Jon 1:8 2Th 3:10 * shepherds. # 4:2 * For to. # 12:10 15:13 De 26:5 Ps 105:23 Isa 52:4 Ac 7:6 * for the famine. # 43:1 Ac 7:11 * let thy. # 46:34 # 5 * is. # 11 13:9 20:15 34:10 45:18-20 Pr 21:1 Joh 17:2 * Goshen. # 4,11 * men of activity. {Anshey chayil,} men of strength, power, ability, or prowess. It implies both fitness of mind and body; and so valour, prudence, diligence, and virtue. * rulers. # Ex 18:21 1Sa 21:7 1Ch 27:29-31 2Ch 26:10 Pr 22:29 * cattle {Mikneh}, from {kanah}, to posses, signifies property or possession of any kind, though it frequently is used for cattle, because in ancient times they constituted the principal part of a man's possessions. * See ver. # 16 Ex 9:3-6,10,21 * And Jacob. # 10 35:27 Ex 12:32 Nu 6:23,24 Jos 14:13 1Sa 2:20 2Sa 8:10 # 2Sa 19:39 1Ki 1:47 2Ki 4:29 Mt 26:26 Lu 22:19 1Pe 2:17 * How old art thou. Heb. How many are the days of the years of thy life? # 9 * The days. # 1Ch 29:15 Ps 39:12 119:19,54 2Co 5:6 Heb 11:9-16 13:14 # 1Pe 2:11 * and hundred. # Job 14:1 Ps 39:5 89:47,48 90:3-12 Jas 4:14 * have not. # 28 5:27 11:11,24,25 25:7,8 35:28 50:26 Ex 6:4 7:7 De 34:7 # Jos 24:29 2Sa 19:32-35 Job 8:8,9 42:16,17 # 7 14:19 Nu 6:23-27 De 33:1 Ru 2:4 2Sa 8:10 19:39 Ps 119:46 # Ps 129:8 Heb 7:7 * Rameses. # 6 Ex 1:11 12:37 Joh 10:10,28 14:2,23 17:2,24 * nourished. # Ru 4:15 * his father. # Ex 20:12 Mt 15:4-6 Mr 7:10-13 1Ti 4:8 5:4,8 * according to their families. or, as a little child is nourished. Heb. according to the little ones. # 1,21,24 1Th 2:7 * A.M. 2300. B.C. 1704. so that. # 41:30,31 1Ki 18:5 Jer 14:1-6 La 2:19,20 4:9 Ac 7:11 * fainted. # Jer 9:12 Joe 1:10-12 * the money. # 41:56 * Joseph brought. # Lu 16:1,2,10-12 1Co 4:2 1Pe 4:10 * A.M. 2301. B.C. 1703. Give us bread. # 18,19,24 Jud 8:5,8 1Sa 21:3 25:8 Ps 37:3 Isa 33:16 Mt 6:11 * Give your cattle. This was the wisest measure that could be adopted, both for the preservation of the people and the cattle. As the people had not grain for their own sustenance, consequently they could have none for their cattle: hence they were in the most imminent danger of starving; and the people also were in equal danger; as they must have divided a portion of that bought for themselves with the cattle, which, for the sake of tillage, etc., they wished of course to preserve till the seven years' famine should end. # Da 6:5-7 Pr 12:17 1Co 10:32 Php 4:8 Col 4:5 * for horses. # Ex 9:3 1Ki 10:28 Job 2:4 Isa 31:1 Mt 6:24 * fed them. Heb. led them. * A.M. 2302. B.C. 1702. # 2Ki 6:26 Jer 38:9 * buy us. # Ne 5:2,3 Job 2:4 La 1:11 5:6,9 Mt 16:26 Php 3:8,9 * and give. See on ver. # 23 # 20 * A.M. 2303. B.C. 1701. * And as. It is highly probable, that Joseph was influenced by no political motive in removing the people to the cities, but merely by motives of prudence and humanity; for, as the corn was laid up in the cities, it would be more eligible to bring then from distant towns and villages to places where they might be more conveniently supplied with food. * to cities. # 41:48 * of the priests. or, princes. # 14:18 41:45,50 *marg: # 2Sa 8:18 * for the priests. # De 12:19 Jos 21:1-45 Ezr 7:24 Ne 13:10 Mt 10:10 1Co 9:13 # Ga 6:6 2Th 3:10 1Ti 5:17 * bought. # 19 * here is seed. # 41:27 45:6 Ps 41:1 107:36,37 112:5 Pr 11:26 12:11 13:23 # Ec 11:6 Isa 28:24,25 55:10 Mt 24:45 2Co 9:10 * the fifth part. # 25 41:34 Le 27:32 1Sa 8:15-17 Ps 41:1 112:5 * Thou hast. # 6:19 41:45 *marg: # 45:6-8 50:20 Pr 11:26,27 * let us. # 18:3 33:15 Ru 2:13 * made it a law. From this history, and from Diodorus Siculus (lib. i.), we learn that the land of Egypt was divided into three parts: one belonged to the Priests, (ver. 22, 26;) a second was the king's, (which appears to have been the land of Rameses, or Goshen, ver. 11;) the remainder was the subjects'. Now Joseph, having purchased the land of the people (ver. 19, 20), restored it, on the condition of their paying a fifth part of the produce to the king, beyond which he appears to have made no demand. * except. # 22 Eze 7:24 * priests. or, princes. See ver. # 22 * dwelt. # 11 * grew. # 8:7,9 13:16 26:4 28:14 46:3 Ex 1:7,12 De 10:22 26:5 Ne 9:23 # Ps 105:24 107:38 Zec 10:8 Ac 7:17 * A.M. 2315. B.C. 1689. seventeen. # 37:2 * the whole age. Heb. the days of the years of his life. # 8 *marg: # 9 Ps 90:10,12 119:84 * must die. # 9 3:19 50:24 De 31:14 2Sa 7:12 14:14 1Ki 2:1 Job 7:1 # Job 14:14 30:23 Ps 6:5 49:7,9 89:48 Heb 9:27 * put. See on ch. # 24:2 * deal kindly. # 24:49 * bury me not. # 50:24,25 Ac 7:15,16 Heb 11:22 # 23:19 25:9 49:29-32 50:5-14,25 2Sa 19:37 1Ki 13:22 Ne 2:3,5 * Swear. # 24:3 * And Israel bowed. As {shachah,} which primarily signifies to bow, denotes also to worship; and as {mittah,} a bed, pronounced {matteh,} is a staff; the LXX. have taken the passage in the latter sense, and rendered it [ ,] "and Israel worshipped upon the top of his staff," which is literally copied by the apostle Paul, in his Epistle to the Hebrews. The present reading is, however, supported by the Masoretic pointing and the Targums; and is most probably correct, as it would appear that Jacob was confined to his bed. * See on ver. # 29 24:26 48:1,2 1Ki 1:47 Heb 11:21 1 Joseph with his sons visits his sick father. 2 Jacob strengthens himself to bless them. 3 He repeats God's promise. 5 He takes Ephraim and Manasseh as his own sons. 7 He tells Joseph of his mother's grave. 8 He blesses Ephraim and Manasseh. 17 He prefers the younger before the elder. 21 He prophesies their return to Canaan. * thy father. # Joh 11:3 * his two sons. # 41:50-52 46:20 50:23 Job 42:16 Ps 128:6 * strengthened. # De 3:28 1Sa 23:16 Ne 2:18 Ps 41:3 Pr 23:15 Eph 6:10 * God. # 17:1 28:3 35:11 Ex 6:3 Re 21:11 * appeared. # 28:12-19 35:6,7,9,11,12 Ho 12:4 * Luz. # Jud 1:23 * Behold I. # 12:2 13:15,16 22:17 26:4 28:3,13-15 32:12 35:11 46:3 47:27 # Ex 1:7,11 * will give. # De 32:8 Am 9:14,15 * everlasting. # 17:8,13 * two sons. # 41:50-52 46:20 Jos 13:7 14:4 16:1-17:18 * are mine. # Le 20:26 Nu 1:10,32-35 26:28-37 Isa 43:1 Eze 16:8 Mal 3:17 # 2Co 6:18 Eph 1:5 * Reuben. # 1Ch 5:1,2 Re 7:6,7 * and shall be called. # Jos 14:4 * Padan. # 25:20 * Rachel. # 35:9,16-19 1Sa 10:2 Mt 2:18 * to Ephrath. # Ru 1:2 1Sa 1:1 17:12 Mic 5:2 # 8 * my sons. # 30:2 33:5 Ru 4:11-14 1Sa 1:20,27 2:20,21 1Ch 25:5 26:4,5 # Ps 127:3 Isa 8:18 56:3-5 * bless them. # 27:4,28,29,34-40 28:3,4 49:28 De 33:1 Heb 11:21 * the eyes. # 27:1 1Sa 3:2 4:15 * dim. Heb. heavy. # Isa 6:10 59:1 * kissed. # 27:27 31:55 45:15 1Ki 19:20 * I had not. # 37:33,35 42:36 45:26 * God. # Eph 3:20 * he bowed himself. Joseph thus shewed that his external greatness did not render him forgetful of the respect due to his father. The Egyptians were remarkable for the reverence paid to old age: "for if a young person meet his senior, he instantly turns aside to make way for him; if an aged person enter an apartment, the youth always rise from their seats;" and Mr. Savary observes, that the same reverence is still paid to old age in Egypt. # 18:2 19:1 23:7 33:3 42:6 Ex 20:12 34:8 Le 19:3,32 1Ki 2:19 # 2Ki 4:37 Pr 31:28 Eph 6:1 * Israel's left. # 41:52 Jud 3:15 20:16 Ec 10:2 Mt 25:41 * Israel's right. # 41:51 1Ki 2:19 Ps 16:8 45:9 73:23 89:13 110:1 Mt 20:23 25:33 # Mt 26:64 Mr 16:19 Lu 22:69 Ac 2:34 7:55 Eph 1:20 Col 3:1 # Heb 1:3 8:1 10:12 1Pe 3:22 * his right hand. # Ex 15:6 Ps 110:1 118:16 * and laid. # Nu 8:10,18 De 34:9 Mt 19:13,15 6:5 16:18 Lu 4:40 13:13 Ac 6:6 # Ac 8:17-19 13:3 1Ti 4:14 5:22 * guiding. # 19 * firstborn. # 18 41:51 46:20 * blessed. # 16 27:4 28:3 49:28 De 33:1 Heb 11:21 * did walk. # 5:22-24 6:9 17:1 24:20 1Ki 3:6 Ps 16:8 Isa 30:21 Jer 8:2 # Lu 1:6 1Co 10:31 2Co 1:12 Col 2:6 1Th 2:12 * fed me. # 28:20,22 Ps 23:1 37:3 103:4,5 Ec 2:24,25 5:12,18 6:7 # Isa 33:16 Mt 6:25-34 1Ti 6:6-10 * Angel. # 16:7-13 28:15 31:11-13 Ex 3:2-6 23:20,21 Jud 2:1-4 6:21-24 # Jud 13:21,22 Ps 34:7,22 121:7 Isa 47:4 63:9 Ho 12:4,5 Mal 3:1 # Ac 7:30-35 1Co 10:4,9 * redeemed. # Ps 34:2 Mt 6:13 Joh 17:15 Ro 8:23 2Ti 4:18 Tit 2:14 * my name. # 5 32:28 De 28:10 2Ch 7:14 Jer 14:9 Am 9:12 Ac 15:17 * grow into. Heb. as fishes do increase. # 1:21,22 Nu 1:46 26:34,37 Fish are the most prolific of all animals: a tench lays 1,000 eggs, a carp 20,000, and Leuwenhoek counted in a middling sized cod, 9,384,000. * a multitude. # 49:22 Ex 1:7 Nu 26:28-37 De 33:17 Jos 17:17 * laid his. # 14 * displeased him. Heb. was evil in his eyes. # 28:8 38:10 Nu 11:1 22:34 *marg: # 1Sa 16:7 1Ki 16:25 1Ch 21:7 Pr 24:18 Ro 9:7,8,11 * Not so. # 19:18 Ex 10:11 Mt 25:9 Ac 10:14 11:8 * for this. # 27:15 29:26 43:33 49:3 * said, I know it. # 14 17:20,21 25:28 Nu 1:33-35 2:19-21 De 33:17 Isa 7:17 # Eze 27:10 Re 7:6,8 * become. # De 1:10 Ru 4:11,12 * multitude. Heb. fulness. * Israel bless. # 24:60 28:3 Ru 4:11,12 * and he set. # Nu 2:18-21 7:48,54 10:22,23 13:8,11,16 * Behold. # 50:24 1Ki 2:2-4 Ps 146:3,4 Zec 1:5,6 Lu 2:29 Ac 13:36 2Ti 4:6 # Heb 7:3,8,23-25 2Pe 1:14 * God. # 15:14 28:15 46:4 De 1:1-46 31:8 Jos 1:5,9 3:7 23:14 24:1-33 # Ps 18:46 * land. # 12:5 26:3 37:1 * given. # 33:19 De 21:17 Jos 24:32 1Ch 5:2 Eze 47:13 Joh 4:5 * Amorite. # 15:16 34:28 Jos 17:14-18 Jud 11:23 Am 2:9 1 Jacob calls his sons to bless them. 3 Their blessing in particular. 29 He charges them about his burial. 33 He dies. * Gather. # De 31:12,28,29 33:1-29 Ps 25:14 105:15 Isa 22:14 53:1 Da 2:47 # Da 10:1 Am 3:7 Lu 2:26 Ro 1:17,18 Heb 10:24,25 13:1 Re 4:1 * last days. # Nu 24:14 De 4:30 31:29 Isa 2:2 39:6 Jer 23:20 Da 2:28,29 # Da 10:14 Mic 4:1 Ac 2:17 1Ti 4:1 2Ti 3:1 Heb 1:2 * hearken. # Ps 34:11 Pr 1:8,9 4:1-4 5:1 6:20 7:1,24 8:32 23:22,26 * my firstborn. # 29:32 46:8 48:18 Nu 1:20 26:5 1Ch 2:1 5:1,3 * my might. # De 21:17 Ps 78:51 105:36 * Unstable. # Jas 1:6-8 2Pe 2:14 3:16 * thou shalt not excel. Heb. do not thou excel. # 46:8 Nu 32:1-42 De 33:6 * because. # 35:22 De 5:21 27:20 1Ch 5:1 1Co 5:1 * he went up to my couch. or, my couch is gone. * Simeon. # 29:33,34 34:25-31 46:10,11 Pr 18:9 * instruments, etc. or, their swords are weapons of violence. # 34:25-29,31 * O my soul. # Jud 5:21 Ps 42:5,11 43:5 103:1 Jer 4:19 Lu 12:19 * come. # 34:30 Ps 5:10 26:4,5 28:3 94:20,21 139:19 Pr 1:11,15,16 12:5 * secret. # De 27:24 Ps 26:9 64:2 Jer 15:17 * unto their. # Ps 1:1 26:9 94:20 2Co 6:14 * honour. # Ps 16:9 30:12 57:8 * a man. # 34:25,26,30 * digged down a wall. or, houghed oxen. * Cursed. # 2Sa 13:15,22-28 Pr 26:24,25 27:3 * I will divide. # Jos 19:1-9 21:1-45 1Ch 4:24-31,39,40 6:65 * shall praise. # 29:35 44:18-34 46:12 De 33:7 1Ch 5:2 Ps 76:1 Heb 7:14 * thy hand. # Nu 1:27 10:14 26:22 Jud 1:1,2 20:18 2Sa 24:9 1Ki 4:1-34 # 1Ch 12:1-40 2Ch 11:12-17 14:8 15:9 17:2,14-16 30:11 # Ps 18:40-43 78:68-71 Isa 9:7 Phm 2:10,11 Heb 7:14 10:13 # Re 5:5 11:15 * the neck. # Jos 10:24 2Sa 22:41 Eze 21:29 * thy father's. # 27:29 37:7-10 42:6 2Sa 5:3 * a lion's. # Ho 5:4,14 1Co 15:24 Re 5:5 * he stooped. # Nu 23:24 24:9 * sceptre. # Nu 24:17 Ps 60:7 Jer 30:21 Ho 11:12 Eze 19:11,14 Zec 10:11 * lawgiver. # Nu 21:18 Ps 60:7 108:8 Isa 33:22 * between. # De 28:57 * until. # Isa 9:6 11:1-5 62:11 Jer 23:5,6 Eze 21:27 Da 9:25 Mt 1:21 # Mt 17:5 21:9 Lu 1:32,33 Joh 9:7 18:31 19:12,15 * the gathering. # Ps 72:8-11 Isa 2:2 11:10,12,13 42:1,3,4 49:6,7,22,23 55:4,5 # Isa 60:1,3-5 Eze 21:27 Hag 2:7 Zec 2:11 8:20-23 Mt 25:32 # Lu 1:32,33 2:30-32 Joh 12:32 Ro 15:12 2Co 5:10 Heb 7:14 # Re 11:15 * his foal. # Isa 63:1-3 * he washed. # 1Ki 4:20,25 2Ki 18:32 Joe 3:18 Mic 4:4 Re 7:14 19:18 # Pr 23:29 # 30:20 De 33:18,19 Jos 19:10-16 # 30:18 De 33:18 Jos 19:17-23 Jud 5:15 10:1 1Ch 12:32 * rest. # Jos 14:15 Jud 3:11 2Sa 7:1 * bowed. # Ps 81:6 Eze 29:18 Mt 23:4 # 30:6 Nu 10:25 De 33:22 Jud 13:2,24,25 15:20 18:1,2 * shall be. # Jud 14:1-15:20 16:22-30 18:22-31 1Ch 12:35 * an adder. Heb. an arrow-snake. # Ps 14:7 25:6 40:1 62:1,5 85:7 119:41,166,174 123:2 130:5 # Isa 8:17 25:9 36:8 30:18 33:2 La 3:25 Mic 7:7 Mt 1:21 # Mr 15:43 Lu 1:30 2:25,30 23:51 Ro 8:19,25 Ga 5:5 1Th 1:10 # 30:11 46:16 Nu 32:1-42 De 33:20,21 Jos 13:8 Jud 10:1-11:40 # 1Ch 3:18-22 5:11-22,26 # 30:13 46:17 De 33:24,25 Jos 19:24-31 # 30:8 46:24 De 33:23 Jos 19:32-39 Jud 4:6,10 5:18 Ps 18:33,34 # Mt 4:15,16 * Nepthalim. * a fruitful. # 30:22-24 41:52 46:27 48:1,5,16,19,20 Nu 32:1-42 De 33:17 # Jos 16:1-10 17:14-17 Ps 1:1-3 128:1,3 Eze 19:11 * branches. Heb. daughters. # 37:4,18,24,28 39:7-20 42:21 Ps 64:3 118:13 Joh 16:33 Ac 14:22 * his bow. # Ne 6:9 Ps 27:14 28:8 89:1 Col 1:11 2Ti 4:17 * were made. # Job 29:20 Ps 18:32-35 37:14,15 44:7 Zec 10:12 Ro 14:4 * the mighty. # 35:10,11 Ex 3:6 Ps 18:1,30,32,34 132:2,5 Isa 29:24 60:16 * the shepherd. # 45:5,7,11 47:12 50:21 Nu 27:16-18 De 34:9 Jos 1:1-9 24:1-33 # Ps 80:1 * the stone. # De 32:4 Ps 118:22 Isa 28:16 Zec 3:9 Mt 21:42 Mr 12:10 # Lu 20:17 Ac 4:11 Eph 2:20 1Pe 2:4-8 * the God. # 28:13,21 35:3 43:23 De 8:17 28:12 33:1,13-17 * the Almighty. # 17:1 35:11 * with blessings. # De 28:2-12 33:13 Ps 84:11 85:12 Mt 6:33 1Co 3:21,22 Eph 1:3 # Php 4:19 1Ti 4:8 * have prevailed. # 27:27-29,39,40 28:3,4 Eph 1:3 * everlasting hills. # De 33:15 Ps 89:36 Isa 54:10 Eze 37:25,26 Jon 2:6 Hab 3:6 * they shall. # De 33:16 Ps 132:18 * was separate. # 37:28 Nu 6:2 Ps 105:17-22 Isa 66:5 Ac 7:9 * ravin. # 35:18 46:21 De 33:12 * a wolf. # Nu 23:24 Jud 3:15-29 20:21,25 1Sa 11:4-11 14:1-15:35 17:1-58 # Ac 8:3 9:1 Php 3:5 * at night. # Jer 5:6 Eze 22:25,27 Ho 13:7,8 Zep 3:3 Mt 7:15 10:16 Ac 20:29 * the twelve. # Nu 23:24 Es 8:7,9,11 9:1-10:3 Eze 39:8-10 Zec 14:1-7 * every one. # 35:22 Ex 28:21 1Ki 18:31 Ac 26:7 Jas 1:1 Re 7:4 * gathered. # Ro 12:6-21 * bury me. # 15:15 25:8-17 35:29 Heb 12:23 * in the cave. # 47:30 2Sa 19:37 * Ephron. # 50:13 * Abraham bought. # 23:8 # 23:3,16-20 25:9 35:29 47:30 50:13 Ac 7:16 # 23:17-20 * had made. # 1,24-26 Jos 24:27-29 Heb 11:22 * and yielded. # 29 15:5 25:8,17 35:29 Job 5:26 14:10 30:23 Ec 12:7 Isa 57:1,2 # Lu 2:29 Heb 11:13-16 12:23 1 The mourning for Jacob. 4 Joseph gets leave of Pharaoh to go to bury him. 7 The funeral. 15 Joseph comforts his brethren, who crave his pardon. 22 His age. 23 He sees the third generation of his sons. 24 He prophesies unto his brethren of their return. 25 He takes an oath of them concerning his bones. 26 He dies, and is put into a coffin. * fell. # 46:4 De 6:7,8 Eph 6:4 * wept. # 23:2 2Ki 13:14 Mr 5:38,39 Joh 11:35-38 Ac 8:2 1Th 4:13 * the physicians. The Hebrew {ropheim,} from {rapha,} to heal, is literally the healers, those whose business it was to heal, or restore the body from sickness, by administering proper medicines; and when death took place, to heal or preserve it from decomposition by embalming. The word {chanat,} to embalm, is also used in Arabic to express the reddening of leather; somewhat analogous to our tanning; which is probably the grand principal in embalming. * embalmed. # 26 2Ch 16:14 Mt 26:12 Mr 14:8 16:1 Lu 24:1 Joh 12:7 19:39,40 * forty days. We learn from the Greek historians, that the time of mourning was while the body remained with the embalmers, which Herodotus says was seventy days. During this time the body lay in nitre, the use of which was to dry up all its superfluous and noxious moisture: and when, in the space of 30 days, this was sufficiently effected, the remaining forty, the time mentioned by Diodorus, were employed in anointing it with gums and spices to preserve it, which was properly the embalming. This sufficiently explains the phraseology of the text. * mourned. Heb. wept. three-score. # Nu 20:29 De 21:13 34:8 * the days. # 10 * Joseph. # Es 4:2 * found grace. # 18:3 * made me. # 47:29-31 * Lo, I die. # 24 48:21 49:29,30 De 4:22 1Sa 14:43 * I have. # 2Ch 16:14 Isa 22:16 Mt 27:60 * bury me. # 3:19 Job 30:23 Ps 79:3 Ec 6:3 12:5,7 * let me go. # Mt 8:21,22 Lu 9:59,60 * as he made. # 48:21 * and with him. # 14:16 * only their. # Ex 10:8,9,26 Nu 32:24-27 * chariots. # 41:43 46:29 Ex 14:7,17,28 2Ki 18:24 So 1:9 Ac 8:2 * the threshingfloor. This place was situated, according to Jerome, between the Jordan and the city of Jericho, two miles from the former, and three from the latter, where Bethagla was afterwards built. Procopius of Gaza states the same. As {aataad} signifies thorns, the place might have been remarkable for their production; though all the versions except the Arabic consider it as a proper name. As Moses wrote or revised his history on the east side of Jordan, the term beyond Jordan, in his five books, means westward of Jordan; but in other parts of Scripture it generally means eastward. * beyond. # 11 De 1:1 * seven days. # 4 Nu 19:11 De 34:8 1Sa 31:13 2Sa 1:17 Job 2:13 Ac 8:2 * the Canaanites. # 10:15-19 13:7 24:6 34:30 * Abel-mizraim. i.e., The mourning of the Egyptians. # 1Sa 6:18 * beyond Jordan. # 10 De 3:25,27 11:30 # 47:29-31 49:29-32 Ex 20:12 Ac 7:16 Eph 6:1 * the cave. # 23:16-18 25:9 35:27,29 49:29-31 2Ki 21:18 # 14 * their father. # 27:41,42 * Joseph. # 42:17 Le 26:36 Job 15:21,22 Ps 14:5 53:5 Pr 28:1 Ro 2:15 * sent. Heb. charged. # Pr 29:25 * Forgive. # Mt 6:12,14,15 18:35 Lu 17:3,4 Eph 4:32 Col 3:12,13 * they did. # 20 Job 33:27,28 Ps 21:11 Pr 28:13 Jas 5:16 * servants. # 31:42 49:25 Mt 10:42 25:40 Mr 10:41 Ga 6:10,16 Phm 1:8-20 * wept. # 42:21-24 45:4,5,8 * fell. # 27:29 37:7-11 42:6 44:14 45:3 * fear not. # 45:5 Mt 14:27 Lu 24:37,38 * for am I. It belongs to God to execute vengeance, and Joseph did not intend to usurp his prerogative. Thus he instructed his brethren not to fear him, but to fear God; to humble themselves before God, and to seek his forgiveness. # 30:2 De 32:35 2Ki 5:7 Job 34:19-29 Ro 12:19 Heb 10:30 * ye thought. # 37:4,18-20 Ps 56:5 * God meant. # 45:5-8 Ps 76:10 105:16,17 119:71 Isa 10:7 Ac 2:23 3:13-15,26 # Ro 8:28 * I will nourish. # 45:10,11 47:12 Mt 5:44 6:14 Ro 12:20,21 1Th 5:15 1Pe 3:9 * kindly unto them. Heb. to their hearts. # 34:3 Isa 40:2 *marg: * an hundred. Joseph's life was the shortest of all the patriarchs; for which Bp. Patrick gives this reason, he was the son of his father's old age. # 22 * the children. # 48:19 49:12 Nu 32:33,39 Jos 17:1 Job 42:16 Ps 128:6 * brought up. Heb. born. Joseph's. # 30:3 * I die. # 5 3:19 Job 30:23 Ec 12:5,7 Ro 5:12 Heb 9:27 * visit you. # 21:1 Ex 4:31 * you out. # 15:14-16 26:3 35:12 46:4 48:21 Ex 3:16,17 * sware. # 12:7 13:15,17 15:7,18 17:8 26:3 28:13 35:12 46:4 Ex 33:1 # Nu 32:11 De 1:8 6:10 * took an. # 5 47:29-31 * and ye. # Ex 13:19 Jos 24:32 Ac 7:16 Heb 11:22 * being an hundred and ten years old. {Ben meah weâiser shanim;} "the son of an hundred and ten years;" the period he lived being personified. # 22 47:9,28 Jos 24:29 * they embalmed. # 2,3 CONCLUDING REMARKS. Thus terminates the Book of Genesis, the most ancient record in the world; including the History of two grand and stupendous subjects, Creation and Providence; of each of which it presents a summary, but astonishingly minute and detailed accounts. From this Book, almost all the ancient philosophers, astronomers, chronologists, and historians have taken their respective data; and all the modern improvements and accurate discoveries in different arts and sciences, have only served to confirm the facts detailed by Moses, and to shew, that all the ancient writers on these subjects have approached, or receded from, truth and the phenomena of Nature, in exactly the same proportion as they have followed or receded from, the Mosaic history. The great fact of the deluge is fully confirmed by the fossilised remains in every quarter of the globe. Add to this, that general traditions of the deluge have veen traced among the Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, Hindoos, Burmans, ancient Goths and Druids, Mexicans, Peruvians, Brazilians, North American Indians, Greenlanders, Otaheiteans, Sandwich Islanders, and almost every nation under heaven; while the allegorical turgidity of these distorted traditions sufficiently distinguishes them from the unadorned simplicity of the Mosaic narrative. In fine, without this history the world would be in comparative darkness, not knowing whence it came, nor whither it goeth. In the first page, a child may learn more in an hour, than all the philosophers in the world learned without it in a thousand years. The title of this Book is derived from the Septuagint; in which it is called [ ,] "Exodus;" or, as it is in the Codex Alexandrinus, [ ,] "the Exodus or departure from Egypt;" but it is called in Hebrew Bibles [ ,] {Weelleh Shemoth,} these are the names, or merely, [ ,] {Shemoth,} names, from the words with which it commences. 1 The children of Israel, after Joseph's death, increase. 8 The more they are oppressed by a new king, the more they multiply. 15 The godliness of the midwives, in saving the men children alive. 22 Pharaoh commands the male children to be cast into the river. # 6:14-16 Ge 29:31-35 30:1-21 35:18,23-26 46:8-26 49:3-27 # 1Ch 2:1,2 12:23-40 27:16-22 Re 7:4-8 * Reuben. # Ge 35:22 * Issachar. # Ge 35:23 * Benjamin. # 28:20 * Dan. # Ge 35:25 1Ch 2:2 * Asher. # Ge 35:26 46:17 * loins. Heb. thigh. # Ge 46:26 Jud 8:30 *marg: * seventy. # 20 Ge 46:26,27 De 10:22 * A.M. 2369. B.C. 1635. # Ge 50:24,26 Ac 7:14-16 * fruitful. # 12:37 Ge 1:20,28 9:1 12:2 13:16 15:5 17:4-6,16 22:17 26:4 # Ge 28:3,4,14 35:11 46:3 47:27 48:4,16 De 10:22 26:5 Ne 9:23 # Ps 105:24 Ac 7:17,18 * a new king. Probably Rameses Miamum, or his son Amenophis, who succeeded him about this period; and by his not knowing Joseph is meant his not acknowledging his obligation to him. # Ec 2:18,19 9:15 Ac 7:18 * the people. # Nu 22:4,5 Job 5:2 Ps 105:24,25 Pr 14:28 27:4 Ec 4:4 Tit 3:3 # Jas 3:14-16 4:5 * Come on. # Ps 10:2 83:3,4 Pr 1:11 * wisely. # Nu 22:6 Job 5:13 Ps 105:25 Pr 16:25 21:30 Ac 7:19 23:12 # 1Co 3:18-20 Jas 3:15-18 * to afflict. # 3:7 5:15 Ge 15:13 Nu 20:15 De 26:6 * burdens. # 2:11 5:4,5 Ps 68:13 81:6 105:13 * Raamses. # Ge 47:11 Pr 27:4 * But the more, etc. Heb. and as they afflicted them, so they multiplied, etc. # Ps 105:24 Pr 21:30 Ro 8:28 Heb 12:6-11 * grieved. # 9 Job 5:2 Pr 27:4 Joh 12:19 Ac 4:2-4 5:28-33 # 13 * their lives. # 2:23 6:9 Ge 15:13 Nu 20:15 De 4:20 26:6 Ru 1:20 Ac 7:19,34 * in mortar. # Ps 68:13 81:6 Na 3:14 * was with rigour. # 13 5:7-21 20:2 Le 25:43,46,53 Isa 14:6 51:23 52:5 58:6 # Jer 50:33,34 Mic 3:3 * midwives. # Ge 35:17 38:28 * Shiprah. i.e., beauty, brightness, fairness, \\S#8236h\\. * Puah. i.e., splendor, splendid; light; displayed; pained in travail, \\S#6326h\\. * and see them. Or, rather, "and ye see them by the stone-troughs;" for so {ovnayim,} from {aven,} a stone, seems to signify (compare ch. 7:19), in which they washed the new-born infants. See this subject fully illustrated in Fragments to Calmet, Nos. 312, 313. * then ye shall. # 22 Mt 21:38 Re 12:4 * feared God. # Ge 20:11 42:18 Ne 5:15 Ps 31:19 Pr 8:13 16:6 24:11,12 Ec 8:12 # Ec 12:13 Da 3:16-18 6:13 Ho 5:11 Mic 6:16 Mt 10:28 Lu 12:5 # Ac 4:19 5:29 * Why have. # 2Sa 13:28 Ec 8:4 # Jos 2:4-24 1Sa 21:2 2Sa 17:19,20 * God. # Ps 41:1,2 61:5 85:9 103:11 111:5 145:19 Pr 11:18 19:17 # Ec 8:12 Isa 3:10 Mt 10:42 25:40 Lu 1:50 Heb 6:10 * the people. See ver. # 7,12 * made them. # 1Sa 2:35 25:28 2Sa 7:11-13,27-29 1Ki 2:24 11:38 Ps 37:3 # Ps 127:1,3 Pr 24:3 Ec 8:12 Jer 35:2 * A.M. 2431. B.C. 1573. Every son. # 16 7:19-21 Ps 105:25 Pr 1:16 4:16 27:4 Ac 7:19 Re 16:4-6 1 Moses is born, and in an ark cast into the flags. 5 He is found, and brought up by Pharaoh's daughter; 7 who employs his mother to nurse him. 11 He slays an Egyptian. 13 He reproves an Hebrew. 15 He flees into Midian, and marries Zipporah. 22 Gershom is born. 23 God respects the Israelites' cry. * A.M. 2432. B.C. 1572. of the house. # 6:16-20 Nu 26:59 1Ch 6:1-3 23:12-14 * A.M. 2433. B.C. 1571. she saw. # Ps 112:5 Ac 7:20 Heb 11:23 * could not. # 1:22 Mt 2:13,16 Ac 7:19 * an ark. # Isa 18:2 * bulrushes. {Gomé,} is the papyrus, so famous in all antiquity. It grows on the banks of the Nile, and in marshy grounds; the stalk rises to the height of six or seven cubits above the water, is triangular, and terminates in a crown of small filaments, resembling hair. This reed was of the greatest use to the Egyptians; the pith serving them for food, and the woody part to build vessels with; which vessels frequently appear on various monuments of Egyptian antiquity. That boats were made of this reed is also attested by Pliny and others. * with slime. # Ge 6:14 11:3 14:10 # 15:20 Nu 12:1-15 20:1 26:59 Mic 6:4 * daughter. # Ac 7:21 * herself. As the word herself is not in the original, Dr. A. Clarke is of opinion that it was for the purpose of washing, not her person, but her clothes, that Pharaoh's daughter came to the river; which was an employment not beneath even king's daughters in those primitive times. * when she. # 1Ki 17:6 Ps 9:9 12:5 46:1 76:10 Pr 21:1 Jon 1:17 2:10 * she had compassion. # 1Ki 8:50 Ne 1:11 Ps 106:46 Pr 21:1 Ac 7:21 1Pe 3:8 # 4 15:20 Nu 12:1 26:59 * Go. # Ps 27:10 Isa 46:3,4 Eze 16:8 * mother. # 6:20 * Take. # Jud 13:8 * and he. # Ge 48:5 Ac 7:21,22 Ga 4:5 Heb 11:24 1Jo 3:1 * Moses. Drawn out. Because. # Ge 4:25 16:11 1Sa 1:20 Mt 1:21 * A.M. 2473. B.C. 1531. Moses. # Ac 7:22-24 Heb 11:24-26 * burdens. # 1:11 3:7 5:9,14 Isa 58:6 Mt 11:28 Lu 4:18 * he looked. # Ac 7:24-26 * slew. If the Egyptian killed the Hebrew, Moses only acted agreeably to the divine law (Ge 9:6) in thus slaying the Egyptian; nor did he violate the law of Egypt; for, according to Diodorus Siculus (1. 1. 17), "he who saw a man killed, or violently assaulted on the highway, and did not rescue him, if he could, was punished with death." Moses, therefore, in this transaction, acted as a brave and good man; especially as at this time there was little probability of obtaining justice on an Egyptian murderer. * and he said. # Ac 7:26 1Co 6:7,8 * Who. # Ge 19:9 37:8-11,19,20 Nu 16:3,13 Ps 2:2-6 Mt 21:23 Lu 12:14 # Lu 19:14,27 Ac 7:26-28,35 * a prince. Heb. a man, a prince. # Ge 13:8 * Moses. # Pr 19:12 29:25 * fled. # 4:19 Ge 28:6,7 1Ki 19:1-3,13,14 Pr 22:3 Jer 26:21-23 Mt 10:23 # Ac 7:29 Heb 11:27 * Midian. # Ge 25:2,4 * sat down. # Ge 24:11 29:2 Joh 4:6 * the priest. or, prince. # 3:1 Ge 14:18 41:45 *marg: * they came. # Ge 24:11,14-20 29:6-10 1Sa 9:11 * shepherds. # Ge 21:25 26:15-22 * watered. # 12 Ge 29:10 # 3:1 4:18 18:1-12 * Jethro. or, Jether. # Nu 19:20 * Raguel. * an Egyptian. # Ge 50:11 * and also. # Ge 29:10 * call him. # Ge 24:31-33 18:5 19:2,3 29:13 31:54 43:25 Job 31:32 42:11 # 1Ti 5:10 Heb 13:2 * content. # 10 Ge 31:38-40 Php 4:11,12 1Ti 6:6 Heb 11:25 13:5 Jas 1:10 * Zipporah. # 4:20-25 18:2-6 Nu 12:1 * Gershom. i.e., a stranger here. # 1Ch 23:14-17 * for he said. # 10 18:3 22:21 1Ch 16:20 29:15 Ps 39:12 119:19 Ac 7:29 # Heb 11:13,14 * A.M. cir. 2504. B.C. cir. 1500. in process. # 7:7 Ac 7:30 * the king. # 4:19 Mt 2:19,20 Ac 12:23,24 * sighed. # Ge 16:11 Nu 20:16 De 26:6,7 Ps 12:5 * cry. # 3:7-9 22:22-27 Ge 4:10 18:20,21 De 24:15 Jud 10:11,12 Ne 9:9 # Ps 18:6 81:6,7 107:19,20 Isa 5:7 19:20 Jas 5:4 * God heard. # 6:5 Jud 2:18 Ne 9:27,28 Ps 22:5,24 79:11 102:20 138:3 * remembered. # Ge 15:14-18 17:7 18:18 26:3,24 28:12-14 32:28 46:2-4 Ne 9:8,9 # Ps 105:6-13,42 106:45 Lu 1:72,73 * looked. # 4:31 1Sa 1:11 2Sa 16:12 Job 33:27 Lu 1:25 * God. For {elohim,} God, Houbigant reads {aleyhem,} unto them; which is countenanced by the LXX., Vulgate, Chaldee, Coptic, and Arabic, and appears to have been the original reading. * had respect. Heb. knew. # 1:8 3:7,8 Ps 1:6 55:22 Mt 7:23 1 Moses keeps Jethro's flock. 2 God appears to him in a burning bush. 9 He sends him to deliver Israel. 13 The name of God. 15 His message to Israel, and Pharaoh, whose opposition is foretold. 20 He is assured of Israel's deliverance. * A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. kept. # Ps 78:70-72 Am 1:1 7:14,15 Mt 4:18,19 Lu 2:8 * his father. # 2:16,21 18:1-6 Nu 10:29 Jud 4:11 * the mountain. # 5 18:5 19:3,11 24:15-17 1Ki 19:8 * Horeb. # 17:6 De 1:6 4:10 Ps 106:19 Mal 4:4 * angel. # 4,6 Ge 16:7-13 22:15,16 48:16 De 33:16 Isa 63:9 Ho 12:4,5 # Mal 3:1 Lu 20:37 Ac 7:30-35 * bush burned. # Ge 15:13-17 De 4:20 Ps 66:12 Isa 43:2 53:10,11 Da 3:27 # Zec 13:7 Joh 1:14 Ro 8:3 2Co 1:8-10 # Job 37:14 Ps 107:8 111:2-4 Ac 7:31 * unto him. # De 33:16 * Moses. # Ge 22:1,11 46:2 1Sa 3:4,6,8,10 Ps 62:11 Ac 9:4 10:3,13 * Draw not. # 19:12,21 Le 10:3 Heb 12:20 * put off. # Ge 28:16,17 Jos 5:15 Ec 5:1 Ac 7:33 * I am. # 14,15 4:5 29:45 Ge 12:1,7 17:7,8 26:24 28:13 31:42 32:9 # 1Ki 18:36 Es 3:4 Ps 132:2 Jer 24:7 31:33 32:38 Eze 11:20 # Zec 8:8 Mt 22:32 Mr 12:26 Lu 20:37 Ac 7:32,32 * thy father. Though the word {avicha,} "thy father," is here used in the singular, yet St. Stephen, quoting this passage (Ac. 7:32), uses the plural, [ ,] "the God of thy fathers;" and that this is the meaning, the following words prove. This reading is confirmed by the Samaritan and Coptic. * hid. # Ge 17:3 Jud 13:22 1Ki 19:13 Ne 9:9 Job 42:5,6 Ps 106:44,45 # Isa 6:1-5 Da 10:7,8 Mt 17:6 Lu 5:8 Ac 7:34 Heb 12:21 Re 1:17 * I have. # 2:23-25 22:23 Ge 29:32 1Sa 9:16 Ps 22:24 34:4,6 106:44 # Ps 145:19 Isa 63:9 Heb 4:15 * by reason. # 1:11 * I know. # Ge 18:21 Ps 142:3 * I am. # Ge 11:5,7 18:21 50:24 Ps 18:9-19 12:5 22:4,5 34:8 91:15 # Isa 64:1 Joh 3:13 6:38 * deliver. # 6:6-8 12:51 Ge 15:14 50:24 * unto a good. # 17 13:5 33:2,3 Ge 13:14,15 15:18 Nu 13:19,27 14:7,8 De 1:7,25 # De 8:7-9 11:9-24 26:9-15 27:3 28:11 Ne 9:22-25 Jer 2:7 11:5 # Jer 32:22 Eze 20:6 * Canaanites. # 22:23-31 34:11 Ge 15:18-21 De 7:1 Jos 9:1 Ne 9:8 * the cry. # 7 2:23 * and I have. # 7 1:11,13,14,22 Ps 12:5 Pr 22:22,23 Ec 4:1 5:8 Jer 50:33,34 # Am 4:1 Mic 2:1-3 # 1Sa 12:6 Ps 77:20 103:6,7 105:26 Isa 63:11,12 Ho 12:13 # Mic 6:4 Ac 7:34,36 # 4:10-13 6:12 1Sa 18:18 2Sa 7:18 1Ki 3:7,9 Isa 6:5-8 Jer 1:6 # Ac 7:23-25 2Co 2:16 3:5 * Certainly. # 4:12,15 Ge 15:1 31:3 De 31:23 Jos 1:5 Isa 41:10 43:2 Mt 28:20 # Mr 16:20 Ac 11:21 Ro 8:31 Heb 13:5 * token. # 4:1-9 Ge 15:8 Jud 6:17,21,36-40 7:11,13,14 Ps 86:17 Isa 7:14 # Isa 37:30 Jer 43:9,10 51:63,64 * ye shall. # 19:1-40:38 Le 1:1-27:34 Nu 1:1-10:36 * What is his name. # 14 15:3 Ge 32:29 Jud 13:6,17 Pr 30:4 Isa 7:14 9:6 Jer 23:6 # Mt 1:21,23 * I AM hath. # 6:3 Job 11:7 Ps 68:4 90:2 Isa 44:6 Mt 18:20 28:20 Joh 8:58 # 2Co 1:20 Heb 13:8 Re 1:4,8,17 4:8 * The Lord. # 6 4:5 Ge 17:7,8 De 1:11,35 4:1 2Ch 28:9 Mt 22:32 Ac 7:32 * this is my name for ever. The name here referred to is that which immediately precedes, [ ,] {Yehowah,} which we translate Lord, the name by which God had been known from the creation of the world, (Ge. 2:2,) and by which he is known to the present day. [ ,] {Yehowah,} from [ ,] {hawah,} to be, subsist, signifies He who is, or subsists, i.e., eminently and in a manner superior to all other beings; and is essentially the same with [ ,] {eheyeh,} I AM, in the preceding verse. # Ps 72:17,19 135:13 145:1,2 Isa 9:6 63:12 * my memorial. # Ps 102:12 Ho 12:5 Mic 4:5 Mal 3:6 Heb 13:8 * elders. # 4:29 18:12 24:11 Ge 1:7 Mt 26:3 Ac 11:30 20:17 1Pe 5:1 * visited. # 2:25 4:31 13:19 15:14 Ge 21:1 50:24 Ru 1:6 Ps 8:4 Lu 1:68 # Lu 19:44 Ac 15:14 Heb 2:6,7 1Pe 2:12 * I will bring. # 9 2:23-25 Ge 15:13-21 46:4 50:24 * unto the land. See on ver. # 8 Ge 15:14,18-21 * and they. # 16 4:31 Jos 1:17 2Ch 30:12 Ps 110:3 Jer 26:5 * and thou. # 5:1-3 * The Lord. # 7:16 9:1,13 10:3 * met. # 4:24 5:3 25:22 29:42,43 30:6,36 Ge 12:1 15:1 17:1 48:3 # Nu 17:4 23:3,4,15,16 Isa 64:5 * three days'. # 8:27 13:17,18 * that we may. # 12 7:16 8:25-28 9:1 10:24-26 19:1 Jer 2:2,6 * will not. # 5:2 7:4 * no, not by a mighty hand. or, but by a strong hand. # 6:1 7:1-14:31 Ps 136:11,12 Isa 63:12,13 * stretch. # 6:6 7:5 9:15 Eze 20:33 * smite. # 7:3 11:9 De 4:34 6:22 Ne 9:10 Ps 105:27 106:22 135:8,9 # Isa 19:22 Jer 32:20,21 Ac 7:36 * See chapters # Ac 7:1-13:42 * after that. # 11:8 12:31,39 Ge 15:14 Jud 6:8 8:16 Isa 26:11 Ps 105:38 # 11:3 12:36 Ge 39:21 Ne 1:11 Ps 106:46 Pr 16:7 Ac 7:10 * But. # 11:2 12:35,36 Ge 15:14 Ps 105:37 * borrow. Or, rather ask or demand, as the word [ ] properly signifies; and is so rendered by the LXX., Vulgate, and Geneva and Barker's Bible: the other ancient versions are the same as the Hebrew. * spoil. # Job 27:16,17 Pr 13:22 Isa 33:1 Eze 39:10 * the Egyptians. or, Egypt. 1 Moses's rod is turned into a serpent. 6 His hand is leprous. 10 He is loath to be sent. 13 Aaron is appointed to assist him. 18 Moses departs from Jethro. 21 God's message to Pharaoh. 24 Zipporah circumcises her son. 27 Aaron is sent to meet Moses. 29 The people believe them. # 31 2:14 3:18 Jer 1:6 Eze 3:14 Ac 7:25 * a rod. # 17,20 Ge 30:37 Le 27:32 Ps 110:2 Isa 11:4 Mic 7:14 * it became. # 17 7:10-15 Am 5:19 * put forth. # Ge 22:1,2 Ps 91:13 Mr 16:18 Lu 10:19 Ac 28:3-6 * And he put. # Joh 2:5 * That they. # 1 3:18 4:31 19:9 2Ch 20:20 Isa 7:9 Joh 5:36 11:15,42 20:27,31 * the Lord. # 3:15 Ge 12:7 17:1 18:1 26:2 48:3 Jer 31:3 Ac 7:2 * leprous as snow. # Nu 12:10 2Ki 5:27 * it was turned. # Nu 12:13,14 De 32:39 2Ki 5:14 Mt 8:3 * if they. # 30,31 Isa 28:10 Joh 12:37 * that they. # De 32:39 2Ki 5:7 Job 5:18 * the water. # 7:19 * shall become. Heb. shall be, and shall be. blood. # 1:22 7:19-25 Mt 7:2 * eloquent. Heb. a man of words. # 1 Job 12:2 1Co 2:1-4 2Co 10:10 11:6 * heretofore. Heb since yesterday, nor since the third day. slow of speech. # 6:12 Jer 1:6 Ac 7:22 # Ge 18:14 Ps 51:15 94:9 146:8 Isa 6:7 35:5,6 42:7 Jer 1:6,9 # Eze 3:26,27 33:22 Am 3:6 # Ps 25:4,5 32:9 143:10 Isa 49:2 50:4 Jer 1:9 Mt 10:19,20 # Mr 13:11 Lu 11:1 12:11,12 21:14,15 Joh 14:26 Eph 6:19 * send. # 1 23:20 Ge 24:7 48:16 Jud 2:1 1Ki 19:4 Jer 1:6 20:9 # Eze 3:14,15 Jon 1:3,6 Mt 13:41 Joh 6:29 * wilt send. or, shouldest. * anger. # 2Sa 6:7 1Ki 11:9 1Ch 21:7 Lu 9:59,60 Ac 15:28 Php 2:21 * cometh. # 17 1Sa 10:1-7 Mr 14:13-15 2Co 2:13 7:6,7 1Th 3:6,7 * and put. # 7:1,2 2Sa 14:3 Isa 51:16 59:21 * and I. # Nu 22:38 23:5,12,16 De 18:18 Isa 51:16 Jer 1:9 Mt 28:20 # Lu 21:15 1Co 11:23 15:1 * will teach. # De 5:31 # 7:1,2 18:19 Ps 82:6 Joh 10:34,35 # 2 7:9,19 1Co 1:27 * Jethro. Heb. Jether. See on ch. # 3:1 * Let me go. # 1Ti 6:1 * and see. # Ge 45:3 Ac 15:36 * Go in peace. # 1Sa 1:17 Lu 7:50 Ac 16:36 In the LXX. and Coptic, the following addition is made to this verse: [ ,] "After these many days, the king of Egytpt died." This was probably an ancient side-note, which crept into the text, as it appeared to throw light on the next verse. * Midian. A country in Arabia Petræa, on the eastern coast of the Red Sea, near Mount Sinai. This place is still called by the Arabs the Land of Midian, or of Jethro. Abulfeda, speaking of Midian, says, "Madyan is a city, in ruins, on the shore of the Red Sea, on the opposite side to Tabuc, from which it is distant about six days' journey. At Midian may be seen the famous well at which Moses watered the flocks of Shoâib, (Jethro.) This city was the capital of the tribe of Midian in the days of the Israelites." * for all. # 2:15,23 Mt 2:20 * the rod of God. # 2,17 17:9 Nu 20:8,9 * wonders. # 3:20 * I will harden. # 7:3,13 9:12,35 10:1,20 14:8 Ge 6:3 De 2:30-33,36 Jos 11:20 # 1Ki 22:22 Ps 105:25 Isa 6:10 63:17 Joh 12:40 Ro 1:28 9:18 # Ro 11:8-10 2Co 2:16 2Th 2:10-12 1Pe 2:8 * Israel. # 19:5,6 De 14:1 Jer 31:9 Ho 11:1 Ro 9:4 2Co 6:18 Heb 12:23 # Jas 1:18 # 11:5 12:29 Ps 78:51 105:36 135:8 * the inn. See on # Ge 42:27 The account in this and the two following verses, although rather obscure, seems to imply, that on their way to the land of Egypt, an angel appeared to Moses, and sought to kill his son, on account of his father's non-observance of the Lord's positive command to Abraham, that every man child of the Jewish nation, or born in his house in servitude, should be circumcised on the eighth day; and the Zipporah, at the command of Moses, immediately fulfilled the injunction, and thus averted the wrath of God, denounced against the disobedient: "The uncircumcised man child, whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people." # Ge 17:14 * the Lord. # 3:18 Nu 22:22,23 1Ch 21:16 Ho 13:8 * sought. # Ge 17:14 Le 10:3 1Ki 13:24 * a sharp stone. or, knife. # Jos 5:2,3 * cast it. Heb made it touch. a bloody. # 2Sa 16:7 # 26 * Go into. # 14-16 Ec 4:9 Ac 10:5,6,20 * the mount. # 3:1 19:3 20:18 24:15-17 1Ki 19:8 * kissed him. # Ge 29:11 * told Aaron. # 8,9,15,16 Jon 3:2 Mt 21:29 * and all. # 11-13 # 3:16 24:1,11 * And Aaron. # 16 * did the. # 2-9 * believed. # 8,9 3:18 Ps 106:12,13 Lu 8:13 * visited. See on ch. # 3:16 Lu 1:68 * looked. # 2:25 3:7 * bowed. # 12:27 Ge 17:3 24:26 1Ch 29:20 2Ch 20:18 1 Pharaoh chides Moses and Aaron for their message. 6 He increases the Israelites' task. 15 He checks their complaints. 19 They cry out upon Moses and Aaron. 22 Moses complains to God. * and told. # 1Ki 21:20 Ps 119:46 Eze 2:6 Jon 3:3,4 Mt 10:18,28 Ac 4:29 * a feast. # 10:9 Isa 25:6 1Co 5:8 * Who. # 3:19 2Ki 18:35 2Ch 32:15,19 Job 21:15 Ps 10:4 12:4 14:1 * I know not. # 1Sa 2:12 Joh 16:3 Ro 1:28 2Th 1:8 * neither. # 3:19 Jer 44:16,17 * The God. # 3:18 * lest he. # De 28:21 2Ki 17:25 2Ch 30:8 Ezr 7:23 Eze 6:11 Zec 14:16-19 * wherefore. # Jer 38:4 Am 7:10 Lu 23:2 Ac 16:20,21 24:5 * let. {Taphreeoo,} from {pard,} to loose, disengage; and which we render let, from the Anglo-Saxon {lettan,} to hinder. Ye hinder the people from their work: "Get you unto your burdens." "Let religion alone and mind your work." The language not only of tyranny, but of thoughtless irreligion. * burdens. # 1:11 # 1:7-11 Pr 14:28 * taskmasters. {Nogesim,} literally, exactors, oppressors. These taskmasters were Egyptians, (ch. 1:11,) but the officers were Hebrews. See ver. 14. # 10,13,15,19 1:11 Pr 12:10 * officers. {Shoterim,} from the Arabic {saytara,} to overlook, superintend, seems to denote, as {musaytar} in Arabic also does, overseers, superintendents. They may have been somewhat like the chiefs of trades, who are found in every city in the East; where every trade has a head, who is entrusted with authority over them, and is in some measure answerable for them to Government. Compare ch. 2:14. # Nu 11:16 De 1:15 16:18 Jos 8:33 24:1,4 2Ch 26:11 * straw. The straw was mixed with clay, in order to make the bricks. This is expressly affirmed by Philo, (vit. Mos.) who was himself a native of Alexandria, in Egypt. He says, describing the oppression of the Israelites, that some were obliged to work in clay, and others to gather straw for the formation of bricks, [ ,] because straw is the binding of the brick. Philo's account is confirmed by Dr. Shaw, who says that "some of the Egyptian pyramids are made of brick, the composition whereof is only a mixture of clay, mud, and straw, slightly blended and kneaded together, and afterwards baked in the sun. The straw, which keeps the bricks together, and still preserves its original colour, seems to be a proof that these bricks were never burnt or made in kilns." The same materials are now used for building in Egypt. Mr. Baumgarten says, "The houses are for the most part of bricks that are only hardened by the heat of the sun, and mixed with straw to make them firm." # Ge 24:25 Jud 19:19 * tale. Tale denotes number, from the Anglo-Saxon {tællan,} to number, count, etc. * ye shall lay. # Ps 106:41 * Let there more work be laid upon the men. Heb. Let the work be heavy upon the men. vain words. # 2Ki 18:20 Job 16:3 Jer 43:2 Zec 1:6 Mal 3:14 Eph 5:6 * taskmasters. # 1:11 Pr 29:12 * not ought. # 13,14 * stubble. # 15:7 Isa 5:24 47:14 Joe 2:5 Na 1:10 Ob 1:18 1Co 3:12 * daily tasks. Heb. a matter of a day in his day. # 19 16:4 *marg: # Le 23:37 1Ki 8:59 *marg: # 2Ki 25:30 1Ch 16:37 2Ch 8:14 31:16 Ezr 3:4 *marg: # Ne 11:23 Jer 52:34 *marg: # 14 # 15 # 16 # Mt 26:8 Joh 6:27 2Th 3:10,11 * yet shall ye deliver. # Eze 18:18 Da 2:9-13 * evil case. # De 32:36 Ec 4:1 5:8 # 20 * The Lord. # 4:31 6:9 Ge 16:5 * our savour. # Ec 10:1 Joe 2:20 2Co 2:15,16 * to be abhorred. Heb. to stink. # Ge 34:30 1Sa 13:4 27:12 2Sa 10:6 1Ch 19:6 * returned. # 17:4 1Sa 30:6 Ps 73:25 Jer 12:1 * why is it. # Nu 11:14,15 1Ki 19:4,10 Jer 20:7 Hab 2:3 * in thy name. # Ps 118:26 Jer 11:21 Joh 5:43 * neither hast thou delivered. Heb. delivering, thou hast not delivered. # Isa 26:17,18 28:16 Heb 10:36,37 1 God renews his promise by his name JEHOVAH. 9 Moses vainly attempts to encourage the Israelites. 10 He and Aaron are again sent to Pharaoh. 14 The genealogy of Reuben, of Simeon, and of Levi, of whom came Moses and Aaron. 26 The history resumed. * Now shalt. # 14:13 Nu 23:23 De 32:39 2Ki 7:2,19 2Ch 20:17 Ps 12:5 * with a strong. # 3:19,20 De 4:34 Ps 89:13 136:12 Isa 63:12 Eze 20:33,34 * drive them. # 11:1 12:31,33,39 * I am the Lord. or, Jehovah. # 6,8 14:18 17:1 20:2 Ge 15:7 Isa 42:8 43:11,15 44:6 Jer 9:24 # Mal 3:6 Ac 17:24,25 * God Almighty. {El shadday,} God Almighty; for {shadday} is evidently of affinity with the Arabic {shadid,} strong, mighty, and {shiddat,} strength, might; so the LXX. in Job render it [ ,] Vulgate, in Pentateuch, {Omnipotens,} and Syriac, in Job, {chasino.} # Ge 17:1 28:3 35:11 48:3 * but by my name. If Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, did not know the name Jehovah, then Moses must have used it in Genesis by prolepsis, or anticipation. Mr. Locke and others read it interrogatively, for the negative particle, {lo,} not, has frequently this power in Hebrew: "I appeared unto Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, and by my name Jehovah was I not also made known unto them?" * JEHOVAH. # 3:14 Ge 12:7,8 13:18 22:14 Ps 68:4 * JAH. # Ps 83:18 Isa 42:8 44:6 52:5,6 Joh 8:58 Re 1:4 * established. # Ge 6:18 15:18 17:7,8,13 28:4 2Sa 23:5 Isa 55:3 * the land of their. # Ge 15:13 17:8 23:4 26:3 Ps 105:12 Ac 7:5 * the groaning. # 2:24 3:7 Ps 106:44 Isa 63:9 * I have remembered. # 2:24 Ge 8:1 9:15 Ps 105:8 106:45 Lu 1:54,72 * I am the Lord. See on ver. # 2,8,29 Eze 20:7-9 * I will bring. # 3:17 7:4 De 26:8 Ps 81:6 136:11,12 * redeem. # 15:13 De 4:23 7:8 15:15 2Ki 17:36 1Ch 17:21 Ne 1:10 # Isa 9:12,17,21 * will take. # 19:5,6 Ge 17:7,8 De 4:20 7:6 14:2 26:18 2Sa 7:23,24 Jer 31:33 # Ho 1:10 1Pe 2:10 * I will be. # 29:45,46 De 29:13 Zec 13:9 Mt 22:32 Ro 8:31 Heb 11:16 # Re 21:3,7 * from under. # 5:4,5 Ps 81:6 * swear. Heb. lift up my hand. The ancient mode of appealing to God was by lifting up the right hand, and was considered as a form of swearing. Hence {yamin,} in Hebrew the right hand, is in Arabic an oath, and as a verb, to take an oath. A similar custom prevailed among the heathens. See Virg. Æn. 1. xii. v. 196. # Ge 14:22 De 32:40 Eze 20:5,6,15,23,28,42 36:7 47:14 * to give. # 32:13 Ge 15:18 22:16,17 26:3 28:13 35:12 * I am. See on ver. # 2 Nu 23:19 1Sa 15:29 * hearkened. # 5:21 14:12 Job 21:4 Pr 14:19 * anguish. Heb. shortness. or, straitness. # Nu 21:4 # 10 # 29 3:10 5:1,23 7:1 * children. # 9 3:13 4:29-31 5:19-21 * am. The italics shew that this word has been supplied by our translators; hence it may be inferred by some that Moses was uncircumcised. The difficulty is in some measure cleared away, by using the word uncircumcised in the sense of unsuitable or incapacitated, see ver. 30, which agrees with ch. 4:10 where Moses complains of want of eloquence; but by substituting is for am in this place, the connection with the former part of the verse is preserved; "For if the chosen seed, the circumcised sons of Jacob, refuse to hear me," as though Moses had said, "how can I expect to make uncircumcised Pharaoh pay attention to me?" # 30 4:10 Le 26:41 De 30:6 Isa 6:5 Jer 1:6 6:10 9:26 Ac 7:51 # Nu 27:19,23 De 31:14 Ps 91:11 Mt 4:6 1Ti 1:18 5:21 6:13,17 # 2Ti 2:4 4:1 * the heads. # 25 Jos 14:1 19:51 1Ch 5:24 7:2,7 8:6 * The sons. # Ge 46:9 49:3,4 Nu 26:5,6 1Ch 5:3 * these be. # Nu 26:7 Jos 13:15,23 * sons. # Ge 46:10 Nu 26:12,13 1Ch 4:24 * Nemuel. Jarib. Zerah. * sons. # Ge 46:11 Nu 3:17 1Ch 6:1,16 * Kohath. # Nu 26:57 1Ch 23:6 * an hundred. # 18,20 Ge 35:28 47:28 50:26 # Ge 46:11 Nu 3:18 * Shimei. # 1Ch 6:17 23:7 * Laadan. Shimei. * sons. # Nu 3:19 * Izehar. # Nu 26:57 1Ch 6:2,18 * and the years. See on ver. # 16 # Nu 3:20 1Ch 6:19 23:21 * Amram. # 2:1,2 Nu 26:59 * and the years. The Samaritan, LXX., Syriac, and one Hebrew MS. add, "And Miriam their sister;" which some of the best critics suppose to have been originally in the text. * See on ver. # 16,18 * Korah. # 24 Nu 16:1,32 26:10,11 1Ch 6:37,38 # Le 10:4 Ne 3:20 * Elisheba. # Lu 1:5 * Amminadab. # Nu 1:7 2:3 Ru 4:19,20 1Ch 2:10 Mt 1:4 * Nadab. # 24:1,9 Le 10:1,2 Nu 3:2-4 20:25 26:60,61 1Ch 6:3 24:1,2 * Korah. # 21 Nu 16:1,32 26:9-11 1Ch 6:22,33,37,38 Ps 84:1-12 # Ps 85:1 *titles * Elkanah. # 1Sa 1:1 1Ch 6:23,27,28 * Phinehas. # Nu 25:7-13 31:6 Jos 22:13,31,32 24:33 Jud 20:28 Ps 106:30,31 * the heads. # 14 * That Aaron. # 13,20 Jos 24:5 1Sa 12:6,8 1Ch 6:3 Ps 77:20 99:6 Mic 6:4 * Bring. # 7 3:10,11 20:2 32:1,7,11 Ac 7:35,36 * armies. # 7:4 12:17,51 13:18 Ge 2:1 Nu 33:1 * spake. # 5:1-3 7:10 * to bring. # 13,26 32:7 33:1 Ps 77:20 Mic 6:4 # 28 * I am the. See on ver. # 2,6,8 * speak. # 11 7:2 Jer 1:7,8,17-19 23:28 26:2 Eze 2:6,7 3:11,17 # Mt 28:20 Ac 20:27 * uncircumcised. See on ver. # 12 4:10 1Co 9:16,17 1 Moses and Aaron are encouraged to go again to Pharaoh. 7 Their age. 8 Aaron's rod is turned into a serpent. 11 The sorcerers do the like; but their rods are swallowed up by Aaron's. 13 Pharaoh's heart is hardened. 14 God's message to Pharaoh. 19 The river is turned into blood; and the consequent distress of the Egyptians. * See. # 16:29 Ge 19:21 1Ki 17:23 2Ki 6:32 Ec 1:10 * a god. # 4:15,16 Ps 82:6 Jer 1:10 Joh 10:35,36 # 4:15 6:29 De 4:2 1Ki 22:14 Jer 1:7,17 Eze 3:10,17 Mt 28:20 # Ac 20:27 * And I. See on ch. # 4:21,29 * multiply. # 4:7 9:16 11:9 De 4:34 7:19 Ne 9:10 Ps 78:43-51 105:27-36 # Ps 135:9 Isa 51:9 Jer 32:20,21 Mic 7:15 Joh 4:48 Ac 2:22 7:36 # Ro 15:19 * that I. # 9:3 10:1 11:9 Jud 2:15 La 3:3 * armies. # 6:26 12:51 * by great. # 6:6 Pr 19:29 Isa 26:9 Eze 14:21 25:11 30:14,19 Re 15:4 16:7 # Re 19:2 * Egyptians. # 17 8:10,22 14:4,18 Ps 9:16 Eze 25:17 28:22 36:23 39:7,22 * I stretch. See on ch. # 3:20 # 2,10 12:28 39:43 40:16 Ge 6:22 22:18 Ps 119:4 Joh 15:10,14 # 2:23 Ge 41:46 De 29:5 31:2 34:7 Ps 90:10 Ac 7:23,30 # 8 * Shew. # Isa 7:11 Mt 12:39 Joh 2:18 6:30 10:38 * Take. # 10-12 4:2,17,20 9:23 10:13 * a serpent. # Ps 74:12,13 Eze 29:3 * as the Lord. # 9 * it became. # 4:3 Am 9:3 Mr 16:18 Lu 10:19 * wise men. # Ge 41:8,38,39 Isa 19:11,12 47:12,13 Da 2:2,27 4:7-9 5:7,11 # 2Ti 3:8 Re 19:20 * sorcerers. {Mechashshaphim,} probably from the Arabic {kashapha,} to discover, reveal, signifies diviners, or those who pretended to reveal futurity, to discover things lost, or to find hidden treasures. * they also. # 22 8:7,18 De 13:1-3 Mt 24:24 Ga 3:1 Eph 4:14 2Th 2:9 # Re 13:11-15 * enchantments. By the word {lahatim,} from {lahat,} to burn, may be meant such incantations as required lustral fires, fumigations, etc. * but Aaron's. # 8:18,19 9:11 Ac 8:9-13 13:8-11 19:19,20 1Jo 4:4 # 4 4:21 8:15 10:1,20,27 14:17 De 2:30 Zec 7:11,12 Ro 1:28 2:5 # Heb 3:7,8,13 * Pharaoh's. # 8:15 10:1,20,27 Zec 7:12 * he refuseth. # 4:23 8:2 9:2 10:4 Isa 1:20 Jer 8:5 9:6 Heb 12:25 * he goeth. # 2:5 8:20 Eze 29:3 * the rod. # 10 4:2-4 * The Lord. # 3:18 5:3 9:1,13 10:3 1Sa 4:6-9 * Let my. # 8:1,20 13:15 14:5 Isa 45:13 Jer 50:33 Ac 4:21-23 * serve. # 3:12,18 5:1-3 9:1 * thou shalt. # 5 5:2 6:7 1Sa 17:46,47 1Ki 20:28 2Ki 19:19 Ps 9:16 83:18 # Eze 29:9 30:8,19 32:15 38:23 39:28 Da 4:17,32,37 5:21,23 * and they. # 1:22 4:9 Ps 78:44 105:29 Re 8:8 16:3-6 * the fish. # 21 * Egyptians. "The water of Egypt," says Abbé Mascrier, "is so delicious, that one would not wish the heat to be less, or to be delivered from the sensation of thirst. The Turks find it so exquisite, that they excite themselves to drink of it by eating salt." "A person," adds Mr. Harmer, "who never before heard of the deliciousness of the Nile water, and of the large quantities which on that account are drunk of it, will, I am sure, find an energy in those words of Moses to Pharaoh, the Egyptians shall loathe to drink of the water of the river, which he never did before." * shall loathe. # 24 Nu 11:20 21:5 * stretch. # 8:5,6,16 9:22,23,33 10:12,21 14:21,26 * their pools. Heb. gathering of their waters. # Ge 1:10 * he lifted. # 17:5,6,9-12 Nu 20:8-12 * all the waters. As the Nile was held sacred by the Egyptians, as well as the animals it contained, to which they annually sacrificed a girl, or as others say, both a boy and girl, God might have designed this plague as a punishment for such idolatry and cruelty; and to shew them the baseness of those elements which they reverenced, and the insufficiency of the gods in which they trusted. All the punishments brought upon them bore a strict analogy to their crimes. # 17,18 Ps 78:44 105:29 Joh 2:9-11 Re 8:8 # 18 Re 8:9 The first miracle of Christ turned water into wine, the first plague upon Egypt turned all their water into blood. * magicians. # 11 8:7,8 Jer 27:18 2Ti 3:8 * and Pharaoh's. See on ver. # 13 * as the. # 3 * neither. # 9:21 De 32:46 1Sa 4:20 *marg: # Job 7:17 Ps 62:10 Pr 22:17 24:32 *marg: # Pr 29:1 Isa 26:11 Jer 5:3 36:24 Eze 40:4 Am 4:7-12 Hab 1:5 # Mal 2:2 * for they. # 18-21 # 8:9,10 10:23 2Sa 24:13 1 Frogs are sent. 8 Pharaoh sues to Moses, who by prayer removes them away. 16 The dust is turned into lice, which the magicians could not do. 20 The plague of flies. 25 Pharaoh inclines to let the people go, but yet is hardened. * Go. # Jer 1:17-19 15:19-21 Eze 2:6,7 * Let my. See on ch. # 3:12,18 5:1 7:16 * refuse. See on ch. # 7:14 9:2 * frogs. The Hebrew {tzephardêim} is evidently the same with the Arabic {zafda,} Chaldaic {oordeânaya,} and Syriac {oordeai,} all of which denote frogs, as almost all interpreters, both ancient and modern, agree to render it; Bochart conceives, from {tzifa,} a bank, and {radâ,} mud, because of delighting in muddy and marshy places. # Ps 78:45 105:30 Re 16:13,14 * kneading troughs. or, dough. # 12:34 # Ps 107:40 Isa 19:11,22 23:9 Da 4:37 Ac 12:22,23 # 7:19 * and the frogs. Whether the frog among the Egyptians was an object of reverence or abhorrence is uncertain. It might have been both at the same time, as many objects are known to have been among particular nations; for proof of which see the very learned Jacob Bryant, on the Plagues of Egypt, pp. 31-34. # Le 11:12 Ps 78:45 105:30 Re 16:13 # 7:11,22 De 13:1-3 Mt 24:24 2Th 2:9-11 2Ti 3:8 Re 13:14 * Intreat. # 5:2 9:28 10:17 Nu 21:7 1Sa 12:19 1Ki 13:6 Ac 8:24 * and I will. # 25-28 10:8-11,24-27 12:31,32 14:5 Ps 66:3 *marg: # Ps 78:34-36 Jer 34:8-16 * Glory over me. or, Have this honour over me. # Jud 7:2 1Ki 18:25 Isa 10:15 * when. or, against when. to destroy. Heb. to cut of. # 13 * To-morrow. or, against to-morrow. # Pr 27:1 Jas 4:14 * there is none. # 9:14,29 15:11 De 32:31 33:26 2Sa 7:22 1Ch 17:20 Ps 9:16 # Ps 83:18 86:8 89:6-8 Isa 40:25 46:9 Jer 10:6,7 # 3,9 * See on ver. # 8,30 9:33 10:18 32:11 1Sa 12:23 Eze 36:37 Jas 5:16-18 # De 34:10-12 * and the. # 24 7:21 Isa 34:2 Eze 39:11 Joe 2:20 * saw. # 14:5 Ec 8:11 Isa 26:10 Jer 34:7-11 Ho 6:4 * he hardened. See on ch. # 4:21 7:4,13,14 Pr 29:1 Zec 7:11,12 Heb 3:8,15 Re 16:9 * Stretch. # 5,17 * lice. The word {kinnim} is rendered by the LXX. [ ,] or [ ,] and by the Vulgate {sciniphes,} Gnats; and Mr. Harmer supposes he has found out the true meaning in the word {tarrentes,} a species of worm. Bochart, however, seems to have proved that lice, and not gnats, are meant; because, 1. they sprang from the dust, and not from the waters; 2. they were on both man and beast, which cannot be said of gnats; 3. their name is derived from {koon,} to make firm, fix, establish, which cannot agree with gnats, flies, etc., which are ever changing place, and almost constantly on the wing; 4. the term {kinnah} is used by the Talmudists to express the louse. This insect must have been a very dreadful and afflicting plague to the Egyptians, and especially to the priests, who were obliged to shave all their hair off, and to wear a single linen tunic, to prevent vermin harbouring about them. * lice in man. # Ps 105:31 Isa 23:9 Ac 12:23 * the magicians. # 7:11 * they could. # 9:11 Ge 41:8 Isa 19:12 47:12,13 Da 2:10,11 4:7 5:8 Lu 10:18 # 2Ti 3:8,9 * This is. # 1Sa 6:3,9 Ps 8:3 Da 2:10,11,19 Mt 12:28 Lu 11:20 Joh 11:47 # Ac 4:16 * and Pharaoh's. See on ver. # 15 * lo. # 7:15 * Let my. # 1 * swarms. or, a mixture of noisome beasts, etc. The word {arov} is rendered [ ,] the dog-fly, by the LXX. (who are followed by the learned Bochart,) which must have been particularly hateful to the Egyptians, because they held dogs in the highest veneration, under which form they worshipped Anubis. # Ps 78:45 105:31 Isa 7:18 * sever. # 9:4,6,26 10:23 11:6,7 12:13 Mal 3:18 * know. See on ver. # 10 7:17 Eze 30:19 * midst. # Ps 74:12 110:2 * a division. Heb. a redemption. # 33:16 Le 20:24 Nu 23:9 De 33:28 Ps 111:9 130:7 Isa 50:2 * to-morrow. or, by to-morrow. # 10 * there. # 21 Ps 78:45 105:31 * the land. How intolerable a plague of flies can prove, is evident from the fact that whole districts have been laid waste by them. The inhabitants have been forced to quit their cities, not being able to stand against the flies and gnats with which they were pestered. Hence different people had deities whose office it was to defend them against flies. Among these may be reckoned Baalzebub, the fly-god of Ekron; Hercules, {muscarum abactor,} Hercules the expeller of flies; and hence Jupiter had the titles of [ ,] because he was supposed to expel flies, and especially clear his temples of these insects. See Bryant. * See on ver. # 14 * corrupted. or destroyed. * See on ver. # 8 9:27 10:16 12:31 Re 3:9 * It is not. # 3:18 2Co 6:14-17 * we shall. # Ge 43:32 46:34 De 7:25,26 12:30,31 Ezr 9:1 Isa 44:19 * the abomination. i.e., The animals which they worshipped; for an account of which, see note on ch. 9:3. # 1Ki 11:5-7 2Ki 23:13 * three days'. # 3:18 5:1 * as he shall. # 3:12 10:26 34:11 Le 10:1 Mt 28:20 * I will. # Ho 10:2 * intreat. See on ver. # 8,29 9:28 10:17 1Ki 13:6 Ezr 6:10 Ec 6:10 Ac 8:24 * to-morrow. # 10 * deal. # 8,15 Ps 66:3 *marg: # Ps 78:34-37 Jer 42:20,21 Ac 5:3,4 Ga 6:7 * entreated. # 12 9:33 Jas 5:16 * according. # Ps 65:2 * removed. # 1Ki 13:6 * See on ver. # 15 4:21 7:13,14 Isa 63:17 Ac 28:26,27 Ro 2:5 Jas 1:13,14 1 The murrain of beasts. 8 The plague of boils and blains. 13 The message of Moses about the hail. 22 The plague of hail. 27 Pharaoh sues to Moses, but yet is hardened. # 13 3:18 4:22,23 5:1 8:1,20 10:3 # 4:23 8:2 10:4 Le 26:14-16,23,24,27,28 Ps 7:11,12 68:21 # Isa 1:20 Ro 2:8 Re 2:21,22 16:9 * the hand. # 7:4 8:19 1Sa 5:6-11 6:9 Ac 13:11 * murrain. We may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, {Apis} and {Mnevis} are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian {nomes.} By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. See Bryant, pp. 87-93. # 5:3 # 8:22 10:23 12:13 Isa 65:13,14 Mal 3:18 * a set time. # 18 8:23 10:4 Nu 16:5 Job 24:1 Ec 3:1-11 Jer 28:16,17 # Mt 27:63,64 # 19,25 Ps 78:48,50 * the heart. # 12 7:14 8:32 Job 9:4 Pr 29:1 Isa 48:4 Da 5:20 Ro 9:18 * Take to. This was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect. See Bryant, pp. 93-106. # 8:16 * a boil. # Le 13:18-20 De 28:27,35 Job 2:7 Re 16:2 * a boil. # De 28:27 # 7:11,12 8:18,19 Isa 47:12-14 2Ti 3:8,9 Re 16:2 * See on ch. # 4:21 7:13,14 Ps 81:11,12 Re 16:10,11 Hardness of heart is a figurative expression, denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupefied, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience. # 1 7:15 8:20 * send all. # Le 26:18,21,28 De 28:15-17,59-61 29:20-22 32:39-42 1Sa 4:8 # 1Ki 8:38 Jer 19:8 Mic 6:13 Re 18:8 22:18 * that thou. See on ch. # 8:10 * stretch. # 3,6,16 3:20 * that. # 11:4-6 12:29,30 * cut off. # 14:28 1Ki 13:34 Pr 2:22 * deed. # 14:17 Ps 83:17,18 Pr 16:4 Ro 9:17,22 1Pe 2:8,19 Jude 1:4 * raised thee up. Heb. made thee stand. for to. # 14:4 15:11-16 18:11 Jos 2:10,11 1Sa 4:8 Ps 136:10-15 * that my. # 1Ch 16:24 Ps 64:9 83:17,18 Isa 63:12-14 Mal 1:11,14 Ro 9:17 # Job 9:4 15:25,26 40:9 Isa 10:15 26:11 37:23,24,29 45:9 # Ac 12:23 1Co 10:22 * to-morrow. # 1Ki 19:2 20:6 2Ki 7:1,18 * I will cause. This must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely any thing could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. See Bryant, pp. 108-117. # 22-25 Ps 83:15 * and gather. # Hab 3:2 * the hail. # 25 # Pr 16:16 22:3,23 Jon 3:5,6 Mr 13:14-16 Heb 11:7 * regarded not. Heb. set not his heart unto. # 7:23 1Sa 4:20 *marg: # 1Ch 22:19 Job 7:17 34:14 Pr 24:32 *marg: # Eze 40:4 Da 10:12 # 7:19 8:5,16 Re 16:21 * the Lord sent. # 19:16 20:18 1Sa 12:17,18 Job 37:1-5 Ps 29:3 77:18 # Re 16:18,21 * and hail. # Jos 10:11 Job 38:22,23 Ps 18:13 78:47,48 105:32,33 148:8 # Isa 30:30 Eze 38:22 Re 8:7 * none like. # 23 10:6 Mt 24:21 * smote every. # Ps 105:33 # 8:22-32 9:4,6 10:23 11:7 12:13 Isa 32:18,19 * I have. # 10:16 Nu 22:34 1Sa 15:24,30 26:21 Mt 27:4 * the Lord. # 2Ch 12:6 Ps 9:16 129:4 145:17 La 1:18 Da 9:14 Ro 2:5 3:19 * Intreat. # 8:8,28 10:17 Ac 8:24 * mighty thunderings. Heb. voices of God. # Ps 29:3,4 * ye shall. # 11:1 * spread. # 33 1Ki 8:22,38 2Ch 6:12,13 Ezr 9:5 Job 11:13 Ps 143:6 # Isa 1:15 * that the earth. # De 10:14 Ps 24:1,2 50:12 95:4,5 135:6 1Co 10:26,28 # Pr 16:6 Isa 26:10 63:17 * flax. The word {pishteh,} flax, Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from {pashat,} to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors. * the barley. The Hebrew {seórah,} barley, in Arabic {shair,} and {shairat,} is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from {saâr,} to stand on end as the hair of the head: hence {seâr,} the hair of the head. So its Latin name {hordeum} is from {horreo,} to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May. # Ru 1:22 2:23 Am 4:9 Hab 3:17 * not grown up. Heb. hidden, or dark. # 10:22 * spread. # 29 8:12 * and the thunders. # 10:18,19 Jas 5:17,18 * saw. # 8:15 Ec 8:11 * and hardened. # 4:21 7:14 2Ch 28:22 33:23 36:13 Ro 2:4,5 * was hardened. # 7:13 * as the Lord. # 4:21 7:3,4 11:9,10 * by Moses. Heb. by the hand of Moses. # 4:13 1 God threatens to send locusts. 7 Pharaoh moved by his servants, inclines to let the Israelites go. 12 The plague of the locusts. 16 Pharaoh entreats Moses. 21 The plague of darkness. 24 Pharaoh again entreats Moses, but yet is hardened. * I have hardened. See on ch. # 4:21 7:13,14 9:27,34,35 Ps 7:11 * that I. # 3:20 7:4 9:16 14:17,18 15:14,15 Jos 2:9,10 4:23,24 1Sa 4:8 # Ro 9:17 * And that. # 13:8,9,14 De 4:9 6:20-22 Ps 44:1 71:18 78:5,6 Joe 1:3 Eph 6:4 * that ye. See on ch. # 7:17 Ps 58:11 Eze 20:26,28 * How long. # 9:17 16:28 Nu 14:27 1Ki 18:21 Pr 1:22,24 Jer 13:10 Eze 5:6 # Heb 12:25 * humble. # 1Ki 21:29 2Ch 7:14 33:12,19 34:27 Job 42:6 Pr 18:12 Isa 1:5 # Isa 2:11 Jer 13:18 Ro 2:4 Jas 4:10 1Pe 5:6 * tomorrow. # 8:10,23 9:5,18 11:4,5 * locusts. The word {arbeh,} Locust, is derived from {ravah,} to multiply, be numerous, etc., because they are more prolific than any other insect, and because of the immense swarms of them by which different countries, especially the East, are infested. The locust, in entomology, belongs to a genus of insects known among naturalists by the name of Grylli; which includes three species, crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. The common great brown locust is about three inches in length; has two antennæ about an inch long, and two pair of wings. The head and horns are brown; the mouth and inside of the larger legs bluish; the upper side of the body and upper wings brown, the former spotted with black, and the latter with dusky spots. The back is defended by a shield of a greenish hue: the under wings are of a light brown, tinctured with green, and nearly transparent. It has a large open mouth, in the two jaws of which it has four teeth, which traverse each other like scissors, being calculated, from their mechanism, to gripe or cut. The general appearance of the insect is that of the grasshopper. The Egyptians had gods in whom they trusted to deliver them from these terrible invaders; but by this judgment they were taught that it was impossible to stand before Moses, the servant of Jehovah. # Pr 30:27 Joe 1:4-7 2:2-11,25 Re 9:3 * face. Heb. eye. # 15 * the residue. # 9:32 Joe 1:4 2:25 * fill. # 8:3,21 * which. # 14,15 9:24 11:6 Joe 2:2 * And he. # 11 11:8 Heb 11:27 * How long. # 3 * snare. # 23:33 Jos 23:13 1Sa 18:21 Pr 29:6 Ec 7:26 1Co 7:35 * that Egypt. # Ps 107:34 Isa 14:20 51:9 Jer 48:4 51:8 Zep 1:18 * brought. # 16,24 12:31 * who. Heb. who, and who, etc. * We will go. # Ge 50:8 De 31:12,13 Jos 24:15 Ps 148:12,13 Ec 12:1 Eph 6:4 * our flocks. # Pr 3:9 * a feast. # 3:18 5:1,3 8:25-28 13:6 Nu 29:12 1Co 5:7,8 * be so. # 12:30,31 13:21 * look to it. # 2Ch 32:15 La 3:37 * for that. # Ps 52:3,4 119:69 * And they. # 28 5:4 * Stretch. # 7:19 * eat every. # 4,5 * east wind. # 14:21 Ge 41:6 Ps 78:26 107:25-28 148:8 Jon 1:4 4:8 Mt 8:27 * the locusts. # De 28:42 1Ki 8:37 Ps 78:46 105:34,35 Re 9:3-7 * very grievous. # 5 Joe 1:2-4 * before. # 6 11:6 Joe 2:2 * For they. # 5 Joe 1:6,7 2:1-11,25 * did eat. # Ps 78:46 105:35 * called for. Heb. hastened to call. I have. # 9:27 Nu 21:7 22:34 1Sa 15:24,30 26:21 2Sa 19:20 Job 34:31,32 # Pr 28:13 Mt 27:4 * forgive. # 1Sa 15:25 * and intreat. See on ch. # 8:8 9:28 1Ki 13:6 Isa 26:16 Ro 15:30 Ac 8:24 * this death. # 2Ki 4:40 2Co 1:10 * went. # 8:30 * and intreated. See on ch. # 8:9,28,29 Mt 5:44 Lu 6:28 * a mighty. # 13 * cast. Heb. fastened. the Red sea. # 13:18 15:4 Joe 2:20 Heb 11:29 * See on ch. # 4:21 7:13,14 9:12 11:10 De 2:30 Isa 6:9,10 Joh 12:39,40 # Ro 9:18 2Th 2:11,12 * Stretch. # 9:22 * darkness. As the Egyptians not only worshipped the light and sun, but also paid the same veneration to night and darkness, nothing could be more terrible than this punishment of palpable and coercive darkness, such as their luminary Osiris could not dispel. See Bryant, pp. 141-160. # Ps 35:6 78:49 105:28 Pr 4:19 Ec 2:14 6:4 Isa 8:21,22 # Mt 27:45 Mr 15:33 Lu 23:44 2Pe 2:4,17 Jude 1:6,13 Re 16:10,11 * even darkness which may be felt. Heb. that one may feel darkness. * thick darkness. # 20:21 De 4:11 5:22 Ps 105:28 Joe 2:2,31 Am 4:13 Re 16:10 * but all. # 8:22 9:4,26 14:20 Jos 24:7 Isa 42:16 60:1-3 65:13,14 # Mal 3:18 Col 1:13 1Pe 2:9 * Go ye. # 8,9 8:28 9:28 * flocks. # Ge 34:23 * little ones. # 10 * us. Heb. into our hands. sacrifices. # 29:1-46 36:1-40:38 Le 9:22 16:9 * cattle. # 12:32 Isa 23:18 60:5-10 Ho 5:6 Zec 14:20 Ac 2:44,45 2Co 8:5 * and we. # Pr 3:9 Heb 11:8 * See on ver. # 1,20 4:21 14:4,8 Re 9:20 16:10,11 * Get thee. # 11 * for in that. # 2Ch 16:10 25:16 Am 7:13 * I will see. # 11:4-8 12:30,31 Heb 11:27 1 God's message to the Israelites to borrow jewels of their neighbours. 4 Moses threatens Pharaoh with the death of the firstborn. * Yet will. # 9:14 Le 26:21 De 4:34 1Sa 6:4 Job 10:17 Re 16:9 * afterwards. # 3:20 Ge 15:14 * thrust you. # 12:31-39 * borrow. # 3:22 12:1,2,35,36 Ge 31:9 Job 27:16,17 Ps 24:1 105:37 # Pr 13:22 Hag 2:8 Mt 20:15 * jewels. # 32:2-4,24 35:22 Eze 16:10-13 * the Lord. # 3:21 12:36 Ge 39:21 Ps 106:46 * Moses. # Ge 12:2 2Sa 7:9 Es 9:4 Isa 60:14 Ac 7:22 Re 3:9 * About. # 12:12,23,29 Job 34:20 Am 4:10 5:17 Mt 25:6 * will I go. # 2Sa 5:24 Ps 60:10 Isa 42:13 Mic 2:13 * the firstborn. # 4:23 12:12,29 13:15 Ps 78:51 105:36 135:8 136:10 Heb 11:28 * behind. # Jud 16:21 Isa 47:2 La 5:13 Mt 24:41 # 3:7 12:30 Pr 21:13 Isa 15:4,5,8 Jer 31:15 La 3:8 Am 5:17 # Zep 1:10 Lu 13:28 Re 6:16,17 18:18,19 * dog. # Jos 10:21 Job 5:16 * a difference. See on ch. # 7:22 10:23 Mal 3:18 1Co 4:7 * And all. # 12:31-33 Isa 49:23,26 Re 3:9 * follow thee. Heb. is at they feet. # Jud 4:10 8:5 1Ki 20:10 2Ki 3:9 *marg: * a great anger. Heb. heat of anger. # Nu 12:3 De 29:24 32:24 Ps 6:1 Eze 3:14 Da 3:19 Mr 3:5 * Pharaoh. # 3:19 7:4 10:1 Ro 9:16-18 * wonders. See on ch. # 7:3 * the Lord. See on ch. # 4:21 7:13,14 10:20,27 De 2:30 1Sa 6:6 Job 9:4 Ro 2:4,5 9:22 1 The beginning of the year is changed. 3 The passover is instituted. 11 The import of the rite of the passover. 15 Unleavened bread, etc. 29 The firstborn are slain. 31 The Israelites are driven out of the land. 37 They come to Succoth. 41 The time of their sojourning. 43 The ordinance of the passover. # 1 * A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Exod. Isr. 1. Abib or Nisan. # 13:4 23:15 34:18 Le 23:5 Nu 28:16 De 16:1 Es 3:7 * Speak ye. # 4:30 6:6 14:15 20:19 Le 1:2 * in the tenth. # 6 Joh 12:1,12 * take to. # Ge 4:4 22:8 1Sa 7:9 Joh 1:29,36 1Co 5:7 Re 5:6-13 7:9-14 13:8 * lamb. or, kid. The word {seh} means the young of both sheep and goats, and may be indifferently rendered either lamb or kid. It is evident from ver. 5 that the Hebrews might take either; but they generally preferred a lamb, from being of a more gentle nature. # Le 5:6 Nu 15:11 2Ch 35:7 * an house. The Israelites were divided into twelve tribes, these tribes into families, the families into houses, and the houses into particular persons. # Nu 1:1-54 Jos 7:14 * too little. # Jos 19:9 * souls. Heb. nephesh. # Ge 12:5 * according to his eating. # 16:16 * be without. # Le 1:3,10 22:19-24 De 17:1 Mal 1:7,8,14 Heb 7:26 9:13,14 # 1Pe 1:18,19 * a male of the first year. Heb. son of a year. # Le 23:12 1Sa 13:1 *marg: * fourteenth. # Le 23:5 Nu 9:3 28:16,18 De 16:1-6 2Ch 30:15 Eze 45:21 * the whole. # 2Ch 30:15-18 Isa 53:6 Mt 27:20,25 Mr 15:1,8,11,25,33,34 # Lu 23:1,18 Ac 2:23 3:14 4:27 * in the evening. Heb. between the two evenings. The Jews divided the day into morning and evening: till the sun passed the meridian, all was morning or forenoon; after that, all was evening or afternoon. Their first evening began just after twelve o'clock, and continued till sunset; their second evening began at sunset, and continued till night, i.e., during the whole time of twilight; between twelve o'clock, therefore, and the termination of twilight, the passover was to be offered. See Parallel Passages. # 16:12 Mt 27:46-50 # 22,23 Eph 1:7 Heb 9:13,14,22 10:14,29 11:28 1Pe 1:2 * eat the. # Mt 26:26 Joh 6:52-57 * roast. # De 16:7 Ps 22:14 Isa 53:10 * unleavened. # 13:3,7 34:25 Nu 9:11 De 16:3 Am 4:5 Mt 16:12 1Co 5:6-8 # Ga 5:9 * with bitter. # 1:14 Nu 9:11 Zec 12:10 1Th 1:6 * but roast with fire. # 8 De 16:7 La 1:13 # 23:18 29:34 34:25 Le 7:15-17 22:30 De 16:4,5 * loins. # Mt 26:19,20 Lu 12:35 Eph 6:15 1Pe 1:13 * shoes. # Lu 7:38 15:22 Eph 6:15 * it is the. # 27 Le 23:5 Nu 28:16 De 16:2-6 1Co 5:7 * pass. # 23 11:4,5 Am 5:17 * will smite. See on ver. # 29,30 11:4-6 * against. # Nu 33:4 1Sa 5:3 6:5 1Ch 14:12 Isa 19:1 Jer 43:13 Zep 2:11 * gods. or, princes. # 21:6 22:28 Ps 82:1,6 Joh 10:34,35 * I am the Lord. # 6:2 Isa 43:11-15 Eze 12:16 * the blood. # 23 Ge 17:11 Jos 2:12 Heb 11:28 * and when. # 1Th 1:10 1Jo 1:7 * to destroy you. Heb. for a destruction. * memorial. # 13:9 Nu 16:40 Jos 4:7 Ps 111:4 135:13 Zec 6:14 Mt 26:13 # Lu 22:19 1Co 11:23-26 * a feast. # 5:1 De 16:11 Ne 8:9-12 * by an ordinance. # 17,24,43 13:10 Le 23:4,5 Nu 10:8 18:8 De 16:1 1Sa 30:25 # 2Ki 23:21 Eze 46:14 1Co 5:7,8 * Seven. See on ver. # 8 13:6,7-10 23:15 34:18,25 Le 23:5-8 Nu 28:17 De 16:3,5,8 # Mt 16:12 Lu 12:1 Ac 12:3 * that soul. # 19,20 31:14 Ge 17:14 Le 17:10,14 Nu 9:13 Mal 2:12 Ga 5:12 * first day. # Le 23:2,3,7,8,21,24,25,27,35 Nu 28:18,25 29:1,12 * no manner. # 16:5,23,29 20:10 35:2,3 Jer 17:21,22 * man Heb. soul. * in this selfsame. # 7:5 13:8 Nu 20:16 * an ordinance. See on ver. # 14 * See on ver. # 1,15 Le 23:5,6 Nu 28:16 * Seven. # 23:15 34:18 De 16:3 1Co 5:7,8 * even that. See on ver. # 15 Nu 9:13 * whether. # 43,48 * first day. # Le 23:2,3,7,8,21,24,25,27,35 Nu 28:18,25 29:1,12 * no manner. # 16:5,23,29 20:10 35:2,3 Jer 17:21,22 Ro 4:4,5 * man. Heb. nephesh, soul. # Ge 27:31 * elders. # 3:16 17:5 19:7 Nu 11:16 * and take. # 3 Nu 9:2-5 Jos 5:10 2Ki 23:21 2Ch 30:15-17 35:5,6 Ezr 6:20 # Mt 26:17-19 Mr 14:12-16 Lu 22:7-13 1Co 10:4 * lamb. or, kid. # 3 *marg: * the passover. That is, the lamb which was called the {paschal,} or passover lamb; the animal sacrificed obtaining the name of the institution. St. Paul copies the expression in 1 Co 5:7. * a bunch. # Le 14:6,7 Nu 19:18 Ps 51:7 Heb 9:1,14,19 11:28 12:24 1Pe 1:2 * hyssop. The word {aizov,} which has been variously rendered, most probably denotes Hyssop; whence are derived the Chaldee {aizova,} Syriac {zupha,} Arabic {zupha,} Ethiopic {azab,} and {hushopa,} Greek [ ,] Latin {hyssopus,} German {usop,} and our hyssop, a name retained, with little variation, in all the western languages. It is a plant of the gymnospermia (naked seeded) order, belonging to the didynamia class. It has bushy stalks, growing a foot and a half high; small spear-shaped, close-sitting, and opposite leaves, with several smaller ones rising from the same joint; and all the stalks and branches terminated by erect whorled spikes of flowers, of different colours in the varieties of the plant. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. Its detersive, cleansing, and medicinal qualities were probably the reason why it was so particularly recommended in Scripture. * strike. # 7 * and none. # Mt 26:30 * will pass through. See on ver. # 12,13 * and will not. # 2Sa 24:16 Isa 37:36 Eze 9:4,6 1Co 10:10 Heb 11:28 12:24 # Re 7:3 9:4 * See on ver. # 14 Ge 17:8-10 * when. # De 4:5 12:8,9 16:5-9 Jos 5:10-12 Ps 105:44,45 * according. # 3:8,17 * your children. # 13:8,9,14,15,22 De 6:7 11:19 32:7 Jos 4:6,7,21-24 Ps 78:3-6 # Ps 145:4 Isa 38:19 Eph 6:4 * It is the sacrifice. See on ver. # 11,23 34:25 De 16:2,5 1Co 5:7 * bowed. # 4:31 34:8 1Ch 29:20 2Ch 20:18 29:30 Ne 8:6 # Heb 11:28 * at midnight. See on ver. # 12 11:4 13:15 Job 34:20 1Th 5:2,3 * the Lord smote. The infliction of this judgment on the Egyptians was most equitable; because, after their nation had been preserved by one of the Israelitish family, they had, contrary to all right, and in defiance of original stipulation, enslaved the people to whom they had been so much indebted, had murdered their offspring, and made their bondage intolerable. See Bryant, p. 160. # Nu 3:13 8:17 33:4 Ps 78:51 105:36 135:8 136:10 Heb 11:28 # Heb 12:23 * the first-born of Pharaoh. # 4:23 11:5 * dungeon. Heb. house of the pit. # Isa 24:22 51:14 Jer 38:6,13 Zec 9:11 * and there was a great cry. No people were more remarkable and frantic in their mournings than the Egyptians. When a relative died, every one left the house, and the women, with their hair loose, and their bosoms bare, ran wild about the street. The men also, with their apparel equally disordered, kept them company; all shrieking, howling, and beating themselves. What a scene of horror and distress must now have presented itself, when there was not a family in Egypt where there was not one dead! * See on ch. # 11:6 Pr 21:13 Am 5:17 Mt 25:6 Jas 2:13 * called. # 10:29 * Rise up. # 3:19,20 6:1 11:1,8 Ps 105:38 * the children. See on ch. # 10:9 * your flocks. See on ch. # 10:26 * bless me. # 8:28 9:28 Ge 27:34,38 * urgent. # 11:1 Ps 105:38 * We be all. # Ge 20:3 Nu 17:12,13 * kneading troughs. or, dough. # 8:3 Probably like the kneading-troughs of the Arabs; comparatively small wooden bowls, which also serve them for dishes. Their being bound up in their clothes may mean no more than their being wrapped up in their {hykes,} or long, loose, garments. See Shaw's Travels, p. 224, 4to. edit. # 3:21,22 11:2,3 Ge 15:14 Ps 105:37 * the Lord. # 3:21 11:3 Ge 39:21 Pr 16:7 Da 1:9 Ac 2:47 7:10 * they spoiled. # 3:22 Ge 15:14 Ps 105:37 * the children. # Nu 33:3,5 * Rameses. # 1:11 Ge 47:11 * six hundred. # 38:26 Ge 12:2 15:5 46:3 Nu 1:46 11:21 * And a mixed multitude. Heb. a great mixture. # Nu 11:4 Zec 8:23 * thrust. # 33 6:1 11:1 The Samaritan Pentateuch reads, "Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, and of their fathers in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt, was 430 years." The Alexandrine copy of the LXX. has the same reading; and the same statement is made by the apostle Paul, in Ga 3:17, who reckons from the promise made to Abraham to the giving of the law. That these three witnesses have the truth, the chronology itself proves; for it is evident that the descendants of Israel did not dwell 430 years in Egypt; while it is equally evident, that the period from Abraham's entry into Canaan to the Exodus, is exactly that number. Thus, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the birth of Isaac, was 25 years; Isaac was 60 at the birth of Jacob; Jacob was 130 at his going into Egypt; where he and his children continued 215 years more; making in the whole 430 years. See Kennicott's Dissertation on the Hebrew Text. * sojourning. # Ac 13:17 Heb 11:9 * four hundred. # Ge 12:1-3 15:13 Ac 7:6 Ga 3:16,17 * selfsame. # Ps 102:13 Da 9:24 Hab 2:3 Joh 7:8 Ac 1:7 * hosts. # 51 7:4 Jos 5:14 * a night to be much observed. Heb. a night of observations. observed. # 14 De 16:1-6 * There shall. # 48 Le 22:10 Nu 9:14 Eph 2:12 * circumcised. # Ge 17:12,13,23 # Le 22:10 Eph 2:12 * one house. # 1Co 12:12 Eph 2:19-22 * neither. # Nu 9:12 Joh 19:33,36 * All the. # 3,6 Nu 9:13 * keep it. Heb. do it. * a stranger. # 43 Nu 9:14 15:15,16 * let all. # Ge 17:12 Eze 44:9 47:22 * shall be. # Ga 3:28 Col 3:11 # Le 24:22 Nu 9:14 15:15,16,29 Ga 3:28 Col 3:11 * as the Lord. # De 4:1,2 12:32 Mt 7:24,25 28:20 Joh 2:5 13:17 15:14 Re 22:15 * by their armies. # 41 6:26 7:4 * selfsame. # 41 * by their armies. # 41 6:26 7:4 13:18 1 The firstborn are sanctified to God. 3 The memorial of the passover is commanded. 11 The firstlings of man and beast are set apart. 17 The Israelites go out of Egypt, and carry Joseph's bones with them. 20 They come to Etham. 21 God guides them by a pillar of a cloud, and a pillar of fire. # 1 * Sanctify. The word {kadash} is to consecrate, separate, and set apart a person or thing from all common or secular purposes to some religious use; and exactly answers to the Greek [ ,] from [ ,] privative, and [ ,] the earth; because everything offered or consecrated to God was separated from all earthly uses. # 12-15 4:22 22:29,30 23:19 34:19,20 Le 27:26 Nu 3:13 8:16,17 # Nu 18:15 De 15:19 Lu 2:23 Heb 12:23 * Remember. # 12:42 20:8 23:15 De 5:15 15:15 16:3,12 24:18,22 1Ch 16:12 # Ps 105:5 Lu 22:19 1Co 11:24 * out of the. # 14 20:2 De 5:6 6:12 8:14 13:5,10 Jos 24:17 * bondage. Heb. servants. strength. # 6:1 De 4:34 11:2,3 Ne 9:10 Eph 1:19 * there. See on ch. # 12:8,15 Mt 10:12 1Co 5:8 * Abib. # 23:15 34:18 De 16:1-3 * shall bring. # 3:8 34:11 Ge 15:18-21 De 7:1 12:29 19:1 26:1 Jos 24:11 * sware. # 6:8 33:1 Ge 17:7,8 22:16-18 26:3 50:24 Nu 14:16,30 32:11 * a land. See on ch. # 3:17 * thou shalt keep. See on ch. # 12:25,26 * See on ch. # 12:15-20 34:18 Le 23:8 # 12:19 Mt 16:6 * See on ver. # 14 12:26,27 De 4:9,10 Ps 44:1 78:3-8 Isa 38:19 Eph 6:4 * a sign. This expression, says Michaelis, alludes to the custom of the Orientals, of burning in their right hand all kinds of marks with the ashes of henna, which gives an indelible colour; and this is done even to this day. They were likewise accustomed to write all kinds of sayings, and frequently superstitious words, on slips or pieces of linen, which they wore as ornaments on their foreheads. # 16 12:14 Nu 15:39 De 6:6,8 11:18,19 Pr 1:9 3:21 6:20-23 # Pr 7:23 So 8:6 Isa 49:16 Jer 22:24 Mt 23:5 * may be. # De 30:14 Jos 1:8 Isa 59:21 Ro 10:8 * strong hand. # 3 6:1-30 Jos 1:9 Ne 1:10 Ps 89:13 Isa 27:1 40:10 51:9 # Joe 2:11 Re 18:8 # 12:14,24 23:15 Le 23:6 De 16:3,4 * as he sware. See on ver. # 5 * thou shalt. # 2 22:29 34:19 Le 27:26 Nu 8:17 18:15 De 15:19 Eze 44:30 * set apart. Heb. cause to pass over. openeth. # 34:19 Nu 3:12 18:15 * of an ass. # 34:20 Nu 18:15-17 * lamb. or, kid. # 12:3,21 * shalt thou. # Nu 3:46-51 18:15,16 Re 14:4 * thy son. # 12:26 De 6:20-24 Jos 4:6,21-24 Ps 145:4 * in time to come. Heb. tomorrow. # 12:26 Ge 30:33 De 6:20 Jos 4:6 22:24 * By strength. # 3 * the Lord slew. See on ch. # 12:29 * therefore I. See on ver. # 12 * a token. # 9 12:13 * frontlets. # De 6:7-9 11:18 Mt 23:5 * for by. # 9,14 De 26:8 * the people repent. # 14:11,12 Nu 14:1-4 De 20:8 Jud 7:3 1Ki 8:47 Lu 14:27-32 # Ac 15:38 * return. # 16:2,3 De 17:16 Ne 9:17 Ac 7:39 * led the. # 14:2 Nu 33:6-8 De 32:10 Ps 107:7 * harnessed. or, by five in a rank. # 12:51 * for he had. # Ge 50:24,25 Jos 24:32 Ac 7:16 * God. # 4:31 Ge 48:21 Lu 1:58 7:16 # Nu 33:5,6 # 14:19-24 40:34-38 Nu 9:15-23 10:34 14:14 De 1:33 Ne 9:12,19 # Ps 78:14 99:7 105:39 Isa 4:5,6 1Co 10:1,2 * He took. # Ps 121:5-8 * pillar of fire. # Re 10:1 1 God instructs the Israelites in their journey. 5 Pharaoh pursues after them. 10 The Israelites murmur. 13 Moses comforts them. 15 God instructs Moses. 19 The cloud removes behind the camp. 21 The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians. * the Lord spake. # 12:1 13:1 * that they. # 9 13:17,18 Nu 33:7,8 * Pi-hahiroth. {Pi-hachiroth,} "the mouth of Chiroth," as it is rendered by the LXX. Dr. Shaw is of opinion, that Chiroth denotes the valley which extends from the wilderness of Etham to the Red Sea. "This valley," he observes, "ends at the sea in a small bay made by the eastern extremities of the mountains (of Gewoubee and Attackah, between which the valley lies) which I have been describing, and is called Tiah-Beni-Israel, i.e., the road of the Israelites, by a tradition that is still kept up by the Arabs, of their having passed through it; so it is also called Baideah, from the new and unheard of miracle that was wrought near it, by dividing the Red sea, and destroying therein Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen." * Migdol. The word {Migdol} signifies a tower, and hence some have supposed that it was a fortress which served to defend the bay. But the LXX. render it [ ,] Magdolus, which is mentioned by Herodotus, Hecatæus, and others, and is expressly said by Stephanus (de Urb.) to be [ ,] "a city of Egypt." This Bochart conjectures to have been the same as Migdol. See the Parallel Passages. # Jer 44:1 46:14 Eze 29:10 * Heb. Baal-zephon. This may have been the name of a town or city in which Baal was worshipped; and probably called {zephon,} from being situated on the north point of the Red sea, near the present Suez. * Pharaoh. # 7:3,4 De 31:21 Ps 139:2,4 Eze 38:10,11,17 Ac 4:28 * They are entangled. # Jud 16:2 1Sa 23:7,23 Ps 3:2 71:11 Jer 20:10,11 * harden. # 8,17 4:21-31 7:3,13,14 Ro 11:8 * I will be. # 18 9:16 15:10,11,14-16 18:11 Ne 9:10 Isa 2:11,12 Eze 20:9 # Eze 28:22 39:13 Da 4:30-37 Ro 9:17,22,23 Re 19:1-6 * that the Egyptians. See on ch. # 7:5,17 * and the heart. # 12:33 Ps 105:25 * Why have we. # Jer 34:10-17 Lu 11:24-26 2Pe 2:20-22 * people. # 23 Nu 21:23 De 2:32 3:1 # 23 15:4 Jos 17:16-18 Jud 4:3,15 Ps 20:7 68:17 Isa 37:24 * the Lord. See on ver. # 4 * with an high hand. # 6:1 13:9,16,18 Nu 33:3 De 26:8 32:27 Ps 86:13 Ac 13:17 * the Egyptians. # 15:9 Jos 24:6 * encamping. See on ver. # 2 * sore afraid. # Ps 53:5 Isa 7:2 8:12,13 51:12,13 Mt 8:26 14:30,31 1Jo 4:18 * cried out. # Jos 24:7 2Ch 18:31 Ne 9:9 Ps 34:17 106:44 107:6,13,19,28 # Isa 26:16 Jer 22:23 Mt 8:25 * Because. # 15:23,24 16:2,3 17:2,3 Nu 11:1 14:1-4 16:41 Ps 106:7,8 * wherefore. # 5:22 Ge 43:6 Nu 11:15 * Is not this. # 5:21 3:9 * Let us alone. # Ho 4:17 Mr 1:24 5:7,17,18 * For it had. # Jon 4:3,8 * Fear ye not. # Nu 14:9 De 20:3 2Ki 6:16 2Ch 20:15,17 Ps 27:1,2 46:1-3 # Isa 26:3 30:15 35:4 41:10-14 Mt 28:5 * see the. # 30 15:1-27 Ge 49:18 1Ch 11:14 Ps 3:8 Isa 43:11 Jer 3:23 # La 3:26 Ho 13:4,9 Hab 3:8,13 * for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to-day. or, for whereas ye have seen the Egyptians to-day, etc. ye shall see. # 30 15:4,5,10,19,21 Ne 9:9 * the Lord. # 25 15:3 De 1:30 3:22 20:4 Jos 10:10,14,42 23:3,10 Jud 5:20 # 2Ch 20:17,29 Ne 4:20 Isa 31:4,5 * hold. # Ps 50:3 83:1 Isa 30:15 # 17:4 Jos 7:10 Ezr 10:4,5 Ne 9:9 * lift. # 21,26 4:2,17,20 7:9,19 * the sea. This sea was what is called in Scripture {yam suph,} "the sea of weeds;" so called, according to Mr. Bruce, from the vast quantity of coral which grows in it. In the LXX. it is called [ ,] and by the Latins {Rubrum mare,} and we from them the Red Sea; so called it is supposed, from {Edom} (red) or Esau, whose territories extend to its coasts. It separates Arabia from Egypt and Ethiopia, and is computed to be 150 leagues in length from Suez to the straits of Babelmandel. The upper part is divided into two gulfs, that to the East called the Elanitic, from the city Elana at the northern extremity, and that to the west, the Heroopolitic, from the city of Heroopolis. The former is called by the Arabians Bahr el Akaba, the sea of Akaba; and the latter Bahr el Kolzum, the sea of destruction, or Clysmæ; which was that which the Israelites passed. * and the. See on ver. # 21,22 * I, behold. # Ge 6:17 9:9 Le 26:28 De 32:39 Isa 48:15 51:12 Jer 23:39 # Eze 5:8 6:3 34:11,20 Ho 5:14 * I will. See on ver. # 8 4:23 7:3,13,14 * and I will. # 18 * See on ver. # 4 # 4 7:5,17 * the angel. # 24 13:21 23:20,21 32:34 Nu 20:16 Isa 63:9 * and the pillar. See on ch. # 13:21,22 # Ps 18:11 Pr 4:18,19 Isa 8:14 2Co 2:15,16 * stretched. # 16 * the Lord. # 15:8 Jos 3:13-16 4:23 Ne 9:11 Job 26:12 Ps 66:6 74:13 # Ps 78:13 106:7-10 114:3-5 136:13 Isa 51:10,15 63:12 * the children. # 29 15:19 Nu 33:8 Ps 66:6 78:13 Isa 63:13 1Co 10:1 Heb 11:29 * and the waters. This verse demonstrates that this event was wholly miraculous, and cannot be ascribed, as some have supposed, to an extraordinary ebb, which happened just then to be produced by a strong east wind: for this would not have caused the waters, contrary to every law of fluids, to stand as a wall on the right hand and the left. * a wall. # 15:8 Hab 3:8-10 Zec 2:5 # 17 15:9,19 1Ki 22:20 Ec 9:3 Isa 14:24-27 * that in the. # 1Sa 11:11 * looked unto. # Job 40:12 Ps 18:13,14 77:16-19 104:32 * through. # 19,20 * and troubled. # 25 Job 22:13 23:15,16 34:20,29 Ps 48:5 * took off. # Jud 4:15 Ps 46:9 76:6 Jer 51:21 * that they drave them heavily. or, and made them to go heavily. Let us flee. # Job 11:20 20:24 27:22 Ps 68:12 Am 1:14 5:19 9:1 * for the Lord. See on ver. # 14 De 3:22 1Sa 4:7,8 * Stretch out. # 16 7:19 8:5 Mt 8:27 * the waters. # 1:22 Jud 1:6,7 Mt 7:2 Jas 2:13 Re 16:6 * and the sea. # 21,22 15:1-21 Jos 4:18 * Lord. # Jud 5:20,21 * overthrew. Heb. shook off. * the waters. # 15:10 De 11:4 Ne 9:11 Ps 78:53 Hab 3:8-10,13 Heb 11:29 * remained. # 13 2Ch 20:24 Ps 106:9-11 136:15 * walked. # 22 Job 38:8-11 Ps 66:6,7 77:19,20 78:52,53 Isa 43:2 # Isa 51:10,13 63:12,13 * a wall. # Jos 3:16 * the Lord. # 13 1Sa 14:23 2Ch 32:22 Ps 106:8,10 Isa 63:9 Jude 1:5 * saw. # Ps 58:10 59:10 91:8 92:9-11 * work. Heb. hand. feared. # 1Sa 12:18 Ps 119:120 * believed. # 4:31 19:9 2Ch 20:20 Ps 106:12,13 Lu 8:13 Joh 2:11,23-25 # Joh 8:30-32 11:45 Ac 8:13 1 The song of Moses, Miriam, and Israel on their deliverance. 22 The people want water in the wilderness. 23 The waters at Marah are bitter, they murmur, Moses prays, and sweetens the waters by God's direction. 27 They encamp at Elim, where are twelve wells, and seventy palm trees. * Then. # Jud 5:1-31 2Sa 22:1-51 Ps 106:12 107:8,15,21,22 Isa 12:1-6 # Isa 51:10,11 Re 15:3 * for. # 21 14:17,18,27 18:11 Col 2:15 * strength. # Ps 18:1,2 27:1 28:8 59:17 62:6,7 118:14 Hab 3:17-19 Php 4:13 * song. # De 10:21 Ps 22:3 109:1 140:7 Re 15:3 * my salvation. # 14:13 2Sa 22:51 Ps 68:20 Isa 12:2 45:17 49:6 Jer 3:23 Lu 1:77 # Lu 2:30 Joh 4:22 Ac 4:12 Re 19:1 * my God. # 4:22 Ge 17:7 Ps 22:10 Jer 31:33 32:38 Zec 13:9 * an habitation. # 40:34 Ge 28:21,22 2Sa 7:5 1Ki 8:13,27 Ps 132:5 Isa 66:1 # 2Co 5:19 Eph 2:22 Col 2:9 * my father's God. See on ch. # 3:15,16 * exalt him. # 2Sa 22:47 Ps 18:46 30:1 34:3 99:5,9 118:28 145:1 Isa 25:1 # Joh 5:23 Php 2:11 Re 5:9-14 * a man. # Ps 24:8 45:3 Re 19:11-21 * name. See on ch. # 3:13,15 6:3,6 Ps 83:18 Isa 42:8 # 14:13-28 * chosen. # 14:7 * depths. # 14:28 Eze 27:34 Jon 2:2 Mic 7:19 Mt 18:6 * they. # Ne 9:11 Jer 51:63,64 Re 18:21 * right hand. # 11 1Ch 29:11,12 Ps 17:7 44:3 60:5 74:11 77:10 89:8-13 # Ps 98:1 118:15,16 Isa 51:9 52:10 Mt 6:13 * dashed. # Ps 2:9 Isa 30:14 Jer 13:14 Re 2:27 * the greatness. # 9:16 De 33:26 Ps 68:33 148:13 Isa 5:16 Jer 10:6 * them that. # Isa 37:17,23,29,36,38 Mic 4:11 Na 1:9-12 Zec 2:8 14:3,8 # Ac 9:4 * consumed. # Ps 59:13 83:13 Isa 5:24 47:14 Na 1:10 Mal 4:1 Mt 3:12 * blast. # 14:21 2Sa 22:16 Job 4:9 Isa 11:4 37:7 2Th 2:8 * the floods. See on ch. # 14:22 Ps 78:13 Hab 3:10 * I will pursue. # Ge 49:27 Jud 5:30 1Ki 19:2 20:10 Isa 10:8-13 36:20 53:12 # Hab 3:14 Lu 11:22 * destroy. or, repossess. # 14:5,9 * blow. # 14:21 Ge 8:1 Ps 74:13,14 135:7 147:18 Isa 11:15 Jer 10:13 # Am 4:13 Mt 8:27 * the sea. # 14:28 De 11:4 * they sank. See on ver. # 5 * like unto thee. # De 3:24 33:26 1Sa 2:2 2Sa 7:22 1Ki 8:23 Ps 35:10 77:19 86:8 # Ps 89:6-8 Isa 40:18,25 Jer 10:6,16 49:19 * gods. or, mighty ones. glorious. # Le 19:2 Ps 89:18 145:17 Isa 6:3 30:11 57:15 1Pe 1:15,16 # Re 4:8 * fearful. # Ps 66:5 77:14 89:5,7 90:11 119:120 Isa 64:2,3 Jer 10:7 # Lu 12:5 Heb 12:28,29 Re 15:4 19:1-6 * stretchedst. See on ver. # 6 * Thou. # Ge 19:16 Eph 2:4 * led. # Ps 77:14,15,20 78:52,53 80:1 106:9 Isa 63:12,13 Jer 2:6 * guided. # 1Pe 1:5 * holy. # Ps 78:54 * hear. # Nu 14:14 22:5 De 2:4,5 Jos 2:9,10 9:24 Ps 48:6 * of Palestina. # Isa 14:29,31 * dukes. # Ge 36:40 Nu 20:14-21 De 2:4 1Ch 1:51-54 * Moab. # Nu 22:3-5 Hab 3:7 * all the. # Jos 2:11 5:1 * melt. # De 20:8 Jos 2:9 *marg: # Jos 14:8 1Sa 14:16 2Sa 17:10 Ps 68:2 Isa 13:7 19:1 Eze 21:7 # Na 2:10 * dread. # De 2:25 11:25 Jos 2:9 * still. # 11:7 1Sa 2:9 25:37 * which thou. # 19:5,6 De 32:6,9 2Sa 7:23 Ps 74:2 Isa 43:1-3 51:10 Jer 31:11 # Ac 20:28 Tit 2:14 1Pe 2:9 2Pe 2:1 * plant. # Ps 44:2 78:54,55 80:8 Isa 5:1-4 Jer 2:21 32:41 * mountain. # Ps 78:54,68,69 Jer 31:23 # Ps 10:16 29:10 146:10 Isa 57:15 Da 2:44 4:3 7:14,27 Mt 6:13 # Re 11:15-17 * horse. # 14:23 Pr 21:31 * brought. # 14:28,29 Heb 11:29 * prophetess. # Jud 4:4 1Sa 10:5 2Ki 22:14 Lu 2:36 Ac 21:9 1Co 11:5 14:34 * sister. # 2:4 Nu 12:1 20:1 26:59 Mic 6:4 * a timbrel. {Toph,} in Arabic called {duff} or {diff,} and in Spanish {adduffa,} is the {tabret} used in the East; being a thin, broad, wooden hoop, with parchment extended over one side of it, to which small pieces of brass, tin, etc., are attached, which make a jingling noise: it is held up with one hand and beaten upon with the other, and is precisely the same as the tambourine. * all the. # Jud 11:34 21:21 1Sa 18:6 2Sa 6:5,14,16 Ps 68:11,25 81:2 149:3 # Ps 150:4 * answered. # 1Sa 18:7 2Ch 5:13 Ps 24:7-10 134:1-3 * Sing ye. See on ver. # 1 Jud 5:3 Isa 5:1-30 Re 7:10-12 5:9 14:3 15:3 19:1-6 * wilderness of Shur. This lay on the eastern shore of the Heroopolitic gulf of the Red Sea, and is still called the desert of Shur, according to Dr. Shaw. # Ge 16:7 25:18 1Sa 15:7 * three days. # 3:18 * Marah. # Nu 33:8 * Marah. i.e., bitterness. # Ru 1:20 # 14:11 16:2,8,9 17:3,4 Nu 11:1-6 14:1-4 16:11,41 17:10 # Nu 20:2-5 21:5 1Co 10:10 Php 2:14 Jude 1:16 * What. # 17:3 Ps 78:19,20 Mt 6:25 * cried. # 14:10 17:4 Ps 50:15 91:15 99:6 Jer 15:1 * a tree. # 2Ki 2:21 4:41 1Co 1:18 * a statute. # Jos 24:21-25 * proved. # 16:4 De 8:2,16 13:3 Jud 2:22 3:1,4 Ps 66:10 81:7 Pr 17:3 # Jer 9:7 1Pe 1:6,7 * If thou. # Le 26:3,13 De 7:12,13,15 28:1-15 * and wilt. # De 12:28 13:18 1Ki 11:33,38 2Ki 22:2 Eze 18:5 * diseases. # 9:10,11 12:29 De 7:15 28:27,60 * for I am. # 23:25 2Ki 20:5 Job 5:18 Ps 41:3,4 103:3 147:3 Isa 57:18 # Jer 8:22 33:6 Ho 6:1 Jas 5:11-16 * Elim. This was on the northern skirts of the desert of Sin, and, according to Dr. Shaw, two leagues from Tor, and near 30 from Corondel, which he conjectures to be Marah, where there is a small rill, which is brackish. He found but nine of the wells, the other three being filled up with sand; but the 70 palm trees had increased into more than 2,000. # Nu 33:9 Isa 12:3 Eze 47:12 Re 7:17 22:2 1 The Israelites come to Sin, and murmur for want of bread. 4 God promises them bread and flesh from heaven, and they are rebuked. 13 Quails and manna are sent. 16 The ordering of manna. 25 It was not to be found on the sabbath. 32 An omer of it is preserved. * A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Ijar. took. # 15:27 Nu 33:10-12 * Sin. This desert was traversed by Dr. Shaw in nine hours. He was all the day diverted by varieties of lizards and vipers, which abound there. # 17:1 Nu 33:12 Eze 30:15,16 # 15:24 Ge 19:4 Ps 106:7,13,25 1Co 10:10 * Would. # Nu 20:3-5 De 28:67 Jos 7:7 2Sa 18:33 La 4:9 Ac 26:29 1Co 4:8 # 2Co 11:1 * we had. # Nu 11:15 14:2 Job 3:1,10,20 Jer 20:14-18 Jon 4:8,9 * flesh. # 2:23 Nu 11:4,5 * to kill. # 5:21 17:3 Nu 16:13,41 * hunger. # De 8:3 Jer 2:6 La 4:9 * I will rain. # Ps 78:24,25 105:40 Joh 6:31,32 1Co 10:3 * a certain rate every day. Heb. the portion of a day in his day. # Ne 11:23 Pr 30:8 Mt 6:11,32,33 Lu 11:3 * prove them. See on ch. # 15:25 De 8:2,16 Jos 24:15 * prepare. # 23 35:2,3 Le 25:21,22 * even. # 8,12,13 * the Lord. # 3 6:7 12:51 32:1,7,11 Nu 16:28,30 Ps 77:20 Isa 63:11,12 * the morning. # 13 * ye shall. # 10 24:10,16 40:34 Le 9:6 Nu 14:10 16:42 Isa 35:2 40:5 # Joh 11:4,40 * what are we. # 2,3,8 Nu 16:11 * the Lord heareth. # 9,12 Nu 14:27 Mt 9:4 Joh 6:41-43 1Co 10:10 * but against. # Nu 21:7 1Sa 8:7 Isa 32:6 37:29 Mt 10:40 Lu 10:16 Joh 13:20 # Ro 13:2 1Th 4:8 * Come near. # Nu 16:16 * heard. See on ver. # 2,8 * that they. # 7 Nu 14:10 16:19,42 * appeared. # 13:21,22 40:34-38 Le 9:6 Nu 16:42 1Ki 8:10,11 Mt 17:5 # 11 * I have. # 8 * At even. # 6 * in the morning. # 7 * ye shall know. # 4:5 6:7 7:17 Jer 31:24 Eze 34:30 39:22 Joe 3:17 Zec 13:9 * the quails. The Hebrew {selav,} Chaldee {selaiv,} Syriac and Arabic {selwa,} is without doubt the quail: so the LXX. render it [ ,] a large kind of quail. Josephus, [ ,] Ethopic, {ferferat,} and Vulgate, {coturnices,} quails, with which agree Philo and the Rabbins. The quail is a bird of the gallinaceous kind, somewhat less than a pigeon, but larger than a sparrow. Hasselquist describes the quail of the larger kind as very much resembling the red partridge, but not larger than the turtle dove; found in Judea as well as in the deserts of Arabia Petraæ and Egypt; and affording a most agreeable and delicate dish. # Nu 11:31-33 Ps 78:27,28 105:40 * the dew. # Nu 11:9 * the dew. # Nu 11:7-9 De 8:3 Ne 9:15 Ps 78:24 105:40 * the hoar frost. # Ps 147:16 * It is manna. or, What is this? or, It is a portion. # 31,33 De 8:3,16 Jos 5:12 Ne 9:15,20 Joh 6:31,32,49,58 # 1Co 10:3 Heb 9:4 Re 2:17 * This is. # 4 Nu 21:5 Pr 9:5 Lu 12:30 * omer. # 18,33,36 * for every man. Heb. by the poll, or head. persons. Heb. souls. * more. Heb. multiplying. # 18 36:5 Le 11:42 1Ch 8:40 Ne 6:17 9:37 Pr 28:8 Ec 6:11 # Hab 2:6 * less. Heb. lessening. # 18 Nu 11:32 # 2Co 8:14,15 # 12:10 23:18 Mt 6:34 * bred worms. # Mt 6:19 Lu 12:15,33 Heb 13:5 Jas 5:2,3 * and Moses. # Nu 12:3 16:15 Mr 3:5 10:14 Eph 4:26 # Pr 6:6-11 Ec 9:10 12:1 Mt 6:33 Joh 12:35 2Co 6:2 What the substance called manna was, is utterly unknown, but, from the circumstances in the text, it is evident that it was not a natural production, but was miraculously sent by Jehovah. These the learned Abarbinel, a most judicious Jewish interpreter, has thus enumerated: The natural manna was never found in the desert where this fell;--where the common manna does fall, it is only in the spring time, in March and April, whereas this fell throughout all the months in the year; the ordinary manna does not melt in the sun, as this did (ver. 21);--it does not stink and breed worms, as this did, when kept till the morning (ver. 20);--it cannot be ground or beaten in a mortar, so as to make cakes, as this was;--the common manna is medicinal and purgative, and cannot be used for food and nutriment, as this was;--this fell in a double proportion on the sixth day, and not on the sabbath, as it certainly would have done had it fallen naturally;--it followed them in all their journeys, where ever they pitched their tents;--and it ceased at the very time of the year when the other falls, namely, in March, when the Israelites were come to Gilgal. Whatever this substance was, it does not appear to have been common to the wilderness. From De 8:3, 16, it is evident that the Israelites never saw it before; and from a pot of it being preserved, it is certain that nothing of the kind ever appeared again. # 5,16 Le 25:12,22 * rest. # 20:8-11 31:15 35:3 Ge 2:2,3 Le 23:3 Mr 2:27,28 Lu 23:56 # Re 1:10 * bake. # Nu 11:8 # 20,33 # 23,29 Ne 9:14 # 20:9-11 De 5:13 Eze 46:1 Lu 13:14 * and they found none. # Pr 20:4 # 10:3 Nu 14:11 20:12 2Ki 17:14 Ps 78:10,22 81:13,14 106:13 # Isa 7:9,13 Jer 4:14 9:6 Eze 5:6 20:13,16 Mr 9:19 * hath given. # 31:13 Ne 9:14 Isa 58:13,14 Eze 20:12 * abide ye. # Lu 23:56 # Le 23:3 De 5:12-14 Heb 4:9 * called the name. See on ver. # 15 In consequence of the term manna having been given to a drug which is now much used in England, many persons have ignorantly supposed it to be the same sort of thing as that miraculously sent for the sustenance of the children of Israel in the wilderness. The manna of commerce comes from Calabria and Sicily, where it oozes out of a kind of ash tree, from the end of June to the end of July, and is a thick, clammy, sweet juice, partly drawn from the tree by the rays of the sun, partly by the puncture of insects, and partly by artificial means. The European manna is not so good as the Oriental, which is gathered in Syria, Arabia, and Persia, from the Oriental oak, and from a shrub which is called in Persia {teranjabin.} * and it was. # Nu 11:6,7 So 2:3 # Ps 103:1,2 105:5 111:4,5 Lu 22:19 Heb 2:1 # Heb 9:4 # 25:16,21 27:21 30:6,36 31:18 38:21 40:20 Nu 1:50,53 17:10 # De 10:5 1Ki 8:9 * forty years. # Nu 33:38 De 8:2,3 Ne 9:15,20,21 Ps 78:24,25 Joh 6:30-58 * until they come to. # Jos 5:12 * the borders. # Nu 33:48-50 De 1:8 34:1-4 # 16,32,33 1 The people murmur for water at Rephidim. 6 God sends them for water to the rock in Horeb. 7 The place is called Massah and Meribah. 8 Amalek is overcome by Joshua, while Moses holds up his hands with the rod of God. 14 Amalek is doomed to destruction; and Moses builds the altar JEHOVAH-nissi. * Sin. # 16:1 Nu 33:12-14 * Rephidim. # 8 19:2 * the people. # 5:21 14:11,12 15:24 16:2,3 Nu 11:4-6 14:2 20:3-5 21:5 * Give us. # Ge 30:1,2 1Sa 8:6 Lu 15:12 * wherefore. # 7 16:2 Nu 14:22 De 6:16 Ps 78:18,41,56 95:9 106:14 Isa 7:12 # Mal 3:15 Mt 4:7 16:1-3 Lu 4:12 Ac 5:9 15:10 1Co 10:9 Heb 3:9 * thou hast. See on ch. # 16:3 * cried. # 14:15 15:25 Nu 11:11 * almost. # Nu 14:10 16:19 1Sa 30:6 Joh 8:59 10:31 Ac 7:50 14:19 * Go on. # Eze 2:6 Ac 20:23,24 * thy rod. # 7:19,20 Nu 20:8-11 * I will. # 16:10 * the rock. This rock, which is a vast block of red granite, 15 feet long, 10 broad, and 12 high, lies in the wilderness of Rephidim, to the west of Mount Horeb, a part of Sinai. There are abundant traces of this wonderful miracle remaining at this day. This rock has been visited, drawn, and described by Dr. Shaw and others; and holes and channels appear in the stone, which could only have been formed by the bursting out and running of water. * in Horeb. # 3:1-5 * and thou. # Nu 20:9-11 De 8:15 Ne 9:15 Ps 78:15,16,20 105:41 114:8 # Isa 48:21 1Co 10:4 * that the people. # Ps 46:4 Isa 41:17,18 43:19,20 Joh 4:10,14 7:37,38 Re 22:17 * Massah. i.e., Temptation. # Nu 20:13 De 9:22 * Meribah. that is, Chiding or Strife. # 2 Ps 81:7 * chiding. See on ver. # 2 * tempted. # Ps 95:8 Heb 3:8,9 * Is the Lord. # 34:9 De 31:17 Jos 22:31 Isa 12:6 Mic 3:11 Joh 1:14 Ac 7:37-39 # Ge 36:12,16 Nu 24:20 De 25:17 1Sa 15:2 30:1 Ps 83:7 * unto Joshua. # 13 24:13 Nu 11:28 13:16 * Oshea. Jehoshua. # De 32:44 * Hoshea. Called Jesus. # Ac 7:45 Heb 4:8 * Choose. # Nu 31:3,4 * the rod. # 4:2,20 * Joshua. # Jos 11:15 Mt 28:20 Joh 2:5 15:14 * and Moses. # 9 * Hur. # 12 24:14 # Ps 56:9 Lu 18:1 1Ti 2:8 Jas 5:16 * Moses' hands. # Mt 26:40-45 Mr 14:37-40 Eph 6:18 Col 4:2 * stayed up his hands. # Ps 35:3 Isa 35:3 2Co 1:11 Php 1:19 1Th 5:25 Heb 12:12 Jas 1:6 # Jos 10:28,32,37,42 11:12 * memorial. # 12:14 13:9 34:27 De 31:9 Jos 4:7 Job 19:23 Hag 2:2,3 * for I will. # Nu 24:20 De 25:17-19 1Sa 15:2,3,7,8,18 27:8,9 30:1,17 # 2Sa 1:1,8-16 8:12 1Ch 4:43 Ezr 9:14 * the remembrance. # Job 18:17 Ps 9:6 Pr 10:7 * JEHOVAH-nissi. i.e., the Lord my banner. # Ge 22:14 33:20 Ps 60:4 * Because, etc. or, Because the hand of Amalek is against the throne of the Lord, therefore, etc. the Lord, etc. Heb. the hand upon the throne of the Lord. # Isa 66:1 Ac 7:49 * will have war. # Ps 21:8-11 1 Jethro brings his wife and two sons to Moses. 7 Moses entertains him, and relates the goodness of the Lord. 9 Jethro rejoices, blesses God, and offers sacrifice. 13 He gives good counsel, which is accepted. 27 Jethro departs. * Jethro. # 2:16,21 3:1 4:18 Nu 10:29 Jud 4:11 * heard. # Ps 34:2 44:1 77:14,15 78:4 105:5,43 106:2,8 Jer 33:9 Zec 8:23 # Ga 1:23,24 * God. # Ac 7:35,36 14:27 15:12 21:19,20 Ro 15:18 * done. # 7:1-15:27 Jos 2:10 9:9 Ne 9:10,11 Ps 77:14,15 78:50-53 # Ps 105:36-41 106:8-11 136:10-16 Isa 63:11-13 * Zipporah. # 2:21 4:25,26 * two sons. # Ac 7:29 * Gershom. i.e., A stranger there. # 2:22 Ps 39:12 Heb 11:13 1Pe 2:11 * Eliezer. i.e., my God is an help. # Ps 46:1 Isa 50:7-9 Heb 13:6 * delivered. # 2:15 Ps 18:1 *title # Ps 18:48 34:4 Da 6:22 Ac 12:11 2Co 1:8-10 2Ti 4:17 # 3:1,12 19:11,20 24:16,17 1Ki 19:8 * said. i.e., by means of messengers sent beforehand. # Mt 12:47 * went. # Ge 14:17 46:29 Nu 22:36 Jud 11:34 1Ki 2:19 Ac 28:15 * did obeisance. # Ge 18:2 19:1 33:3-7 * kissed. # Ge 29:13 31:28 33:4 45:15 Ps 2:12 Lu 7:45 Ac 20:37 * welfare. Heb. peace. # Ge 43:27 2Sa 11:7 * told. # 1 Ne 9:9-15 Ps 66:16 71:17-20 105:1,2 145:4-12 * and all the. # 15:22-24 16:3 * come upon them. Heb found them. # Ge 44:34 Nu 20:14 Ne 9:32 *marg: * how the Lord. # Ps 78:42,43 81:7 106:10 107:2 # Isa 44:23 66:10 Ro 12:10,15 1Co 12:26 # Ge 14:20 2Sa 18:28 1Ki 8:15 Ps 41:13 106:47,48 Lu 1:68 # Eph 1:3 1Th 3:9 1Pe 1:3 Re 5:11-13 19:1-6 * Now I. # 9:16 1Ki 17:24 2Ki 5:15 * the Lord. # 15:11 1Ch 16:25 2Ch 2:5 Ps 95:3 97:9 135:5 * in the thing. # 1:10,16,22 5:2,7 14:8,18 * proudly. # 9:17 10:3 1Sa 2:3 Ne 9:10,16,29 Job 40:11,12 Ps 31:23 # Ps 119:21 Da 4:37 Lu 1:51 Jas 4:6 1Pe 5:5 * took. # 24:5 Ge 4:4 8:20 12:7 26:25 31:54 Job 1:5 42:8 * Aaron. # 24:11 Le 7:11-17 De 12:7 27:7 1Ch 29:21,22 2Ch 30:22 # 1Co 10:18,21,31 * eat bread. # 2:20 Ge 43:25 2Sa 9:7 Job 42:11 Da 10:3 Lu 14:1,15 # Jud 5:10 Job 29:7 Isa 16:5 Joe 3:12 Mt 23:2 Ro 12:8 13:6 * he said. # Pr 1:5 9:9 11:14 12:15 19:20 20:18 24:6 * What is this. (Young (Concise Critical Comments) notes "The question does not imply ignorance of what was going on, but is simply a graceful way of opening up a conversation, in which he might find an opportunity of giving utterance to his sentiments." # Nu 11:16,17,24,25 De 1:9-17 16:18 2Ch 19:5,8 Ezr 7:10,25 # Mt 17:27 21:1-3 Mr 6:31 Lu 10:38-42 Ac 6:2-4 1Ti 4:16 2Ti 2:2 * to enquire. # 19,20 Le 24:12-14 Nu 15:34 27:5 * a matter. # 23:7 24:14 De 17:8-12 2Sa 15:3 Job 31:13 Ac 18:14,15 # 1Co 6:1 * one and another. Heb. a man and his fellow. # 2:13 * make. # Le 24:15 Nu 15:35 27:6-11 36:6-9 De 4:5 5:1 6:1 1Sa 12:23 # Mt 28:20 1Th 4:1,2 * not good. # 14 De 1:12 1Ki 3:8,9 13:18 2Ch 19:6 Mt 17:4 Joh 13:6-10 * Thou wilt surely wear away. Heb. Fading thou wilt fade. # 2Co 12:15 Php 2:30 1Th 2:8,9 * thou art. # Nu 11:14-17 De 1:9-12 Ac 6:1-4 * Hearken. # 24 Pr 9:9 * God shall. # 3:12 4:12 Ge 39:2 De 20:1 Jos 1:9 2Sa 14:17 Mt 28:20 * Be thou. See on ver. # 15 4:16 20:19 De 5:5 * bring. # Nu 27:5 * teach. # 16 De 4:1,5 5:1 6:1,2 7:11 Ne 9:13,14 * the way. # 1Sa 12:23 Ps 32:8 143:8 Isa 30:21 Jer 6:16 42:3 Mic 4:2 # 1Th 4:1 * work. # De 1:18 Eze 3:17 Mt 28:20 Mr 13:34 2Th 3:6-12 * Moreover. # De 1:13-17 Ac 6:3 * able men. # 25 De 16:18 1Ki 3:9-12 Pr 28:2 * such as. # 23:2-9 Ge 22:12 42:18 2Sa 23:3 1Ki 18:3,12 2Ch 19:5-10 # Ne 5:9 7:2 Ec 12:13 Lu 18:2,4 * men. # Job 29:16 31:13 Isa 16:5 59:4,14,15 Jer 5:1 Eze 18:8 Zec 7:9 # Zec 8:16 * hating. # 23:8 De 16:18,19 1Sa 8:3 12:3,4 Ps 26:9,10 Isa 33:15 # Eze 22:12 Ac 20:33 1Ti 3:3 6:9-11 2Pe 2:14,15 * rulers of thousands. Whatever matter the {decarch,} or ruler over ten, could not decide, went to the {pentecontarch,} or ruler of fifty, and thence by degrees to the {hecatontarch,} or ruler over a hundred, to the {chiliarch,} or ruler over a thousand, to Moses, and at length to God himself. Each magistrate had the care or inspection of only ten men; the {decarch} superintended ten private characters; the {hecatontarch} ten {decarchs;} and the {chiliarch,} ten {hecatontarchs.} # Nu 10:4 De 1:15 Jos 22:14 1Sa 8:12 * at all seasons. # 26 Ro 13:6 * great. # Le 24:11 Nu 15:33 27:2 36:1 De 1:17 17:8,9 * they shall. # 18 Nu 11:17 * God. # 18 Ge 21:10-12 1Sa 8:6,7,22 Ac 15:2 Ga 2:2 * and all this. # 16:29 Ge 18:33 30:25 2Sa 18:3 19:39 21:17 Php 1:24,25 # 2-5,19 Ezr 10:2,5 Pr 1:5 1Co 12:21 # 21 De 1:15 Ac 6:5 * at all. # 14,22 * the hard causes. # 15,22 De 17:8 1Ki 3:16-28 10:1 Job 29:16 # Ge 24:59 31:55 Nu 10:29,30 Jud 19:9 1 The people arrive at Sinai. 3 God's message by Moses unto the people out of the mount. 8 The people's answer returned again. 9 The people are prepared against the third day, for the giving of the law. 12 The mountain must not be touched. 16 The fearful presence of God upon the mount. * A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Sivan. the third. # 12:2,6 Le 23:16-18 * came. # 16:1 Nu 33:15 * Rephidim. # 17:1,8 * the desert. Mount Sinai, called by the Arabs Jibbel Mousa, the Mountain of Moses, and sometimes by way of eminence, El Tor, the Mount, is a range of mountains in the peninsula formed by the gulfs of the Red Sea. It consists of several peaks, the principal of which are Horeb and Sinai; the former, still called Oreb, being on the west, and the latter, called Tur Sina, on the east, at the foot of which is the convent of St. Catherine. Dr. Shaw conceives that the wilderness of Sinai, properly so called, is that part which is to the eastward of this mount; so that the removal of the Israelites from Rephidim, which was on the West, to the desert of Sinai, was only removing from one part of the mountain to another. * camped. # 3:1,12 18:5 Ac 7:30,38 Ga 4:24 * went up. # 20:21 24:15-18 34:2 De 5:5-31 Ac 7:38 * called. # 3:4 * seen. # 7:1-14:31 De 4:9,33-36 29:2 Isa 63:9 * I bare you. # De 32:11,12 Isa 40:31 63:9 Re 12:14 * if ye. # 23:22 24:7 De 11:27 28:1 Jos 24:24 1Sa 15:22 Isa 1:19 # Jer 7:23 11:4-7 Heb 11:8 * keep. # De 5:2 Ps 25:10 103:17,18 Isa 56:4 Jer 31:31-33 * a peculiar. # De 4:20 7:6 14:2,21 26:18 32:8,9 1Ki 8:53 Ps 135:4 So 8:12 # Isa 41:8 43:1 Jer 10:16 Mal 3:17 Tit 2:14 * all the earth. # 9:29 De 10:14 Job 41:11 Ps 24:1 50:11 Da 4:34,35 1Co 10:26,28 * a kingdom. # De 33:2-4 Isa 61:6 Ro 12:1 1Pe 2:5,9 Re 1:6 5:10 20:6 * and an. # Le 11:44,45 19:2 20:24,26 21:7,8,23 De 7:6 26:19 28:9 # Isa 62:12 1Co 3:17 1Th 5:27 1Pe 1:15,16 * the elders. See on ch. # 3:16 * and laid. # 4:29,30 1Co 15:1 # 20:19 24:3,7 De 5:27-29 26:17-19 Jos 24:24 Ne 10:29 * Lo. # 16 20:21 24:15,16 De 4:11 1Ki 8:12 2Ch 6:1 Ps 18:11,12 # Ps 97:2 Isa 19:1 Mt 17:5 Mr 9:7 Lu 9:34,35 Re 1:7 * that the. # De 4:12,36 Joh 12:29,30 * believe. # 14:31 2Ch 20:20 Isa 7:9 Lu 10:16 * sanctify. # 15 Le 11:44,45 Jos 3:5 7:13 1Sa 16:5 2Ch 29:5,34 30:17-19 # Job 1:5 1Co 6:11 * wash. # 14 Ge 35:2 Le 11:25 15:5 Nu 8:7,21 31:24 Zec 3:3,4 # Heb 10:22 Re 7:14 * the Lord. # 16,18,20 3:8 34:5 Nu 11:17 De 33:2 Ps 18:9 144:5 Isa 64:1,2 # Hab 3:3-6 Joh 3:13 6:38 * set bounds. # 21,23 Jos 3:4 * Take. # 10:28 34:12 De 2:4 4:9 * or touch. # Heb 12:20,21 * whether. # 21:28,29 Le 20:15,16 * when the trumpet. or, cornet. # 16,19 1Co 15:52 1Th 4:16 * and sanctified. See on ver. # 10 * Be ready. # Am 4:12 Mal 3:2 Mt 3:10-12 24:44 2Pe 3:11,12 * the third. # 11,16 * come not. # 1Sa 21:4,5 Joe 2:16 Zec 6:3 7:3 12:12-14 1Co 7:5 * thunders. # 9:23,28,29 20:18 1Sa 12:17,18 Job 37:1-5 38:25 Ps 18:11-14 # Ps 29:3-11 50:3 77:18 97:4 Heb 12:18,19 Re 4:5 8:5 11:19 * thick. See on ver. # 9 40:34 2Ch 5:14 * voice. # Re 1:10 4:1 * all the people. # Jer 5:22 Heb 12:21 # De 4:10 5:5 * mount Sinai. # 20:18 De 4:11,12 5:22 33:2 Jud 5:5 Ps 68:7,8 104:32 144:5 * See on ver. # 13 Isa 6:4 Re 15:8 * in fire. # 3:2 24:17 2Ch 7:1-3 2Th 1:8 2Pe 3:10 * as the smoke. # Ge 15:17 19:28 Ps 144:5 Re 15:8 * whole. # 1Ki 19:11,12 Ps 68:8 77:18 114:7 Jer 4:24 Na 1:5,6 Zec 14:5 # Mt 24:7 Heb 12:26 * And when. # 13,16 * Moses. # Heb 12:21 * God. # Ps 81:7 * the Lord came. See on ver. # 11 Ne 9:13 Ps 81:7 * Moses went up. # 3 24:12,13,18 34:2,4 De 9:9 * charge. Heb. contest. # 12,13 * break. # 3:3,5 33:20 1Sa 6:19 Ec 5:1 Heb 12:28,29 * the priests. # 24:5 Le 10:1-3 Isa 52:11 * sanctify. See on ver. # 5,14,15 * break. # 2Sa 6:6-8 1Ch 13:9-11 15:13 2Ch 30:3,15,18,19 Ac 5:5,10 # 1Co 11:30-32 * Set bounds. # 12 Jos 3:4,5 * and thou. See on ver. # 20 * but let. See on ver. # 12,21 Mt 11:12 Lu 13:24 16:16 Joh 1:17 Heb 4:16 10:19-22 # Heb 12:18-25,29 * lest. See on ver. # 22 Ro 4:15 2Co 3:7-9 Ga 3:10,11,19,22 # 24 1 The ten commandments are spoken by Jehovah. 18 The people are afraid, but Moses comforts them. 21 Idolatry is forbidden. 23 Of what sort the altar should be. # De 4:33,36 5:4,22 Ac 7:38,53 * the Lord. # Ge 17:7,8 Le 26:1,13 De 5:6 6:4,5 2Ch 28:5 Ps 50:7 81:10 # Jer 31:1,33 Ho 13:4 Ro 3:29 10:12 * brought. # 10:1-15:27 Le 19:36 23:43 * out of the. # 13:3 De 5:15 7:8 13:10 15:15 26:6-8 * bondage. Heb. servants. # 15:11 De 5:7 6:5,14 Jos 24:18-24 2Ki 17:29-35 Ps 29:2 73:25 # Ps 81:9 Isa 26:4 43:10 44:8 45:21,22 46:9 Jer 25:6 35:15 # Mt 4:10 1Co 8:4,6 Eph 5:5 Php 3:19 Col 2:18 1Jo 5:20,21 # Re 19:10 22:9 # 32:1,8,23 34:17 Le 19:4 26:1 De 4:15-19,23-25 5:8 27:15 # 1Ki 12:28 2Ch 33:7 Ps 97:7 115:4-8 135:15-18 Isa 40:18-20 # Isa 42:8,17 44:9-20 45:16 46:5-8 Jer 10:3-5,8,9,14-16 # Eze 8:10 Ac 17:29 19:26-35 Ro 1:23 Re 9:20 13:14,15 14:9-11 # Re 16:2 * bow down. # 23:24 Le 26:1 Jos 23:7,16 Jud 2:19 2Ki 17:35,41 2Ch 25:14 # Isa 44:15,19 Mt 4:9 * for I. # 34:14 De 4:24 6:15 32:21 Jos 24:19 Ps 78:58 Pr 6:34,35 # Eze 8:3 Da 1:2 Na 1:2 1Co 10:22 * visiting. # 34:7 Le 20:5 26:29,39,40 Nu 14:18,33 1Sa 15:2,3 2Sa 21:1,6 # 1Ki 21:29 2Ki 23:26 Job 5:4 21:19 Ps 79:8 109:14 Isa 14:20,21 # Isa 65:6,7 Jer 2:9 32:18 Mt 23:34-36 * of them. # De 7:10 32:41 Ps 81:15 Pr 8:36 Joh 7:7 15:18,23,24 Ro 1:30 # Ro 8:7 Jas 4:4 * shewing. # De 4:37 5:29 7:9 Jer 32:39,40 Ac 2:39 Ro 11:28,29 * love me. # Joh 14:15,21 1Jo 4:19 5:3 2Jo 1:6 * take. # Le 19:12 24:11-16 De 5:11 Ps 50:14-16 Pr 30:9 Jer 4:2 # Mt 5:33-37 23:16-22 26:63,64 2Co 1:23 Heb 6:16,17 Jas 5:12 * guiltless. # Jos 2:12,17 9:20 2Sa 21:1,2 1Ki 2:9 # 16:23-30 31:13,14 Ge 2:3 Le 19:3 23:3 Isa 56:4-6 # 23:12 Lu 13:14 * the seventh. # 31:13 34:21 * thou shalt. # 16:27,28 Nu 15:32-36 Lu 23:56 * thy manservant. # De 5:14,15 * thy stranger. # 23:9-12 De 16:11,12 24:14-22 Ne 10:31 13:15-21 # 31:17 Ge 2:2,3 Ps 95:4-7 Mr 2:27,28 Ac 20:7 * Honour. # 21:15,17 Le 19:3,32 1Ki 2:19 2Ki 2:12 Pr 1:8,9 15:5 20:20 # Pr 23:22-25 28:24 30:11,17 Mal 1:6 Mt 15:4-6 Lu 18:20 # Eph 5:21 6:1-3 Col 3:20 * that thy. # De 4:26,40 25:15 32:47 Pr 3:16 # 21:14,20,29 Ge 4:8-23 9:5,6 Le 24:21 Nu 35:16-34 De 5:17 # De 19:11-13 2Sa 12:9,10 2Ki 21:16 2Ch 24:22 Ps 10:8-11 # Pr 1:11,18 Isa 26:21 Jer 26:15 Mt 5:21,22 Ac 28:4 Ro 13:9 # Ga 5:21 1Ti 1:9 Jas 2:11,13 1Jo 3:12-15 # Le 18:20 20:10 2Sa 11:4,5,27 Pr 2:15-18 6:24-35 7:18-27 # Jer 5:8,9 29:22,23 Mal 3:5 Mt 5:27,28 Mr 10:11,12 Ro 7:2,3 # Eph 5:3-5 Heb 13:4 Jas 4:4 Re 21:8 # 21:16 Le 6:1-7 19:11,13,35-37 De 24:7 25:13-16 Job 20:19-22 # Pr 1:13-15 11:1 Am 3:10 8:4-6 Mic 6:10,11 7:3 Zec 5:3,4 # Mt 15:19 19:18 21:13 Lu 3:13,14 Joh 12:6 1Co 6:10 Eph 4:28 # 1Th 4:6 # 23:6,7 Le 19:11,16 De 19:15-21 1Sa 22:8-19 1Ki 21:10-13 # Ps 15:3 101:5-7 Pr 10:18 11:13 Mt 26:59,60 Ac 6:13 Eph 4:31 # 1Ti 1:10 2Ti 3:3 Jas 4:11 * thy neighbour's house. # Ge 3:6 14:23 34:23 Jos 7:21 1Sa 15:19 Ps 10:3 119:36 # Ec 4:8 5:10,11 Isa 33:15 57:17 Jer 22:17 Eze 33:31 Am 2:6,7 # Mic 2:2 Hab 2:9 Lu 12:15 16:14 Ac 20:33 Ro 7:7 1Co 6:10 # Php 3:19 Col 3:5 1Ti 6:6-10 Heb 13:5 * wife. # 2Sa 11:2-4 Job 31:1,9 Pr 4:23 6:24,25 Jer 5:8 Mt 5:28 * is thy neighbour's. # Mt 20:15 Ac 5:4 * And all. # 19:16-18 * they removed. # Ps 139:7,8 Jer 23:23 * Speak thou. # De 18:16 Ac 7:38 * let not. # 33:20 Ge 32:30 * Fear not. # 1Sa 12:20 Isa 41:10 * prove. # 15:25,26 Ge 22:1,12 De 8:2 13:3 * his fear. # Ge 20:11 De 6:2 10:12 Jos 24:14 Ne 5:15 Job 28:28 Pr 1:7 # Pr 3:7 Isa 8:13 * the people. # 19:16,17 De 5:5 * thick. # 1Ki 8:12 2Ch 6:1 Ps 18:9,12 97:2 104:2 1Ti 6:16 * I have talked. # De 4:36 Ne 9:13 Heb 12:25,26 # 3-5 * See on ch. # 32:1-4 1Sa 5:4,5 2Ki 17:33,41 Eze 20:39 43:8 Da 5:4,23 # Zep 1:5 1Co 10:21,22 2Co 6:14-16 Col 2:18,19 1Jo 5:20,21 # Re 22:15 * altar. # Joh 4:24 * burnt. # Le 1:1-17 3:1-17 * in all places. # De 12:5,11,21 14:23 16:5,6,11 26:2 1Ki 8:29,43 9:3 2Ch 6:6 # 2Ch 7:16 12:13 Ezr 6:12 Ne 1:9 Ps 74:7 76:2 78:68 132:13,14 # Jer 7:10-12 Mal 1:11 Mt 18:20 28:20 Joh 4:20-23 1Ti 2:8 * will bless thee. # Ge 12:2 Nu 6:24-27 De 7:13 2Sa 6:12 Ps 128:5 134:3 * And. # De 27:5,6 Jos 8:31 * build it of hewn stone. Heb. build them with hewing. * thy nakedness. # Le 10:3 Ps 89:7 Ec 5:1 Heb 12:28,29 1Pe 1:16 1 Laws for men servants. 5 For the servant whose ear is bored. 7 For women servants. 12 For manslaughter. 16 For stealers of men. 17 For cursers of parents. 18 For smiters. 22 For a hurt by chance. 28 For an ox that gores. 33 For him that is an occasion of harm. * the judgments. # Le 18:5,26 19:37 20:22 Nu 35:24 36:13 De 5:1,31 6:20 1Ki 6:12 # 2Ch 19:10 Ne 9:13,14 10:29 Ps 147:19 Eze 20:11,25 Mal 4:4 * which. # 19:7 24:3,4 De 4:5,8,14,45 6:20 Mt 28:20 1Th 4:1 * an Hebrew. # 12:44 22:3 Ge 27:28,36 Le 25:39-41,44 2Ki 4:1 Ne 5:1-5,8 # Mt 18:25 1Co 6:20 * and in the. # Le 25:40-43,45 De 15:1,12-15,18 31:10 Jer 34:8-17 * by himself. Heb. with his body. # De 15:12-14 * shall be her. # 4:22 Ge 14:14 15:3 17:13,27 18:19 Ec 2:7 Jer 2:14 * And if. # De 15:16,17 Isa 26:13 2Co 5:14,15 * shall plainly say. Heb. saying shall say. * the judges. # 22 12:12 18:21-26 22:8,9,28 Nu 25:5-8 De 1:16 16:18 # De 19:17,18 1Sa 8:1,2 Isa 1:26 Zep 3:3 * bore his ear. This significant ceremony was intended as a mark of permanent servitude, and was calculated to impress the servant with the duty of hearing all his master's orders, and obeying them punctually. # Ps 40:6-8 * for ever. # Le 25:23,40 De 15:17 1Sa 1:22 27:12 28:2 1Ki 12:7 * sell. # Ne 5:5 * go out. # 2,3 * please not. Heb. be evil in the eyes of, etc. # Ge 28:8 Jud 14:3 1Sa 8:6 18:8 *marg: * who hath. # De 20:7 21:11-14 * seeing. # 8:29 Jud 9:19 Job 6:15 Mal 2:11-15 * betrothed her unto. # 22:17 Ge 38:11 Le 22:13 * her food. {Sheairah,} "her flesh;" he shall not only afford her a sufficient quantity of food, as before, but of the same quality. She is not to be fed, like a common slave, with a sufficiency of bread, vegetables, milk, etc., but with her customary supply of flesh, and other agreeable articles of food. # 1Co 7:1-6 * See on ver. # 2 # 20:13 Ge 9:6 Le 24:17 Nu 35:16-24,30,31 De 19:11-13 # 2Sa 12:13 Mt 26:52 * lie not. # Nu 35:11,22 De 19:4-6,11 Mic 7:2 * God. # 1Sa 24:4,10,18 2Sa 16:10 Isa 10:7 * I will appoint. # Nu 35:11 De 4:41-43 19:1-3,9 Jos 20:2-9 * presumptuously. # Nu 15:30,31 De 1:43 17:12,13 18:22 19:11-13 1Ki 2:29-34 # Ps 19:13 Heb 10:26 2Pe 2:10 * slay. # Nu 35:20,21 De 27:24 2Sa 3:27 20:9,10 * take him. # 1Ki 1:50,51 2:28-34 2Ki 11:15 To smite either father or mother, in a manner which indicated either contempt or malice, or left marks of violence, was deemed a proof of so ungrateful and unnatural a disposition, that no provocation was admitted as an excuse, but the offence was made capital: nay, he who cursed his father or mother, who uttered imprecations, ill wishes, or revilings, against a parent, was included in the same sense; though few crimes were made capital by the law of Moses. The law of God, as delegated to parents is honoured when they are honoured, and despised when they are despised: and to rebel against the lawful exercise of this authority is rebellion against God.--Rev. T. Scott # De 21:18-21 27:24 Pr 30:11,17 1Ti 1:9 * stealeth. # Ge 40:15 De 24:7 1Ti 1:10 Re 18:12 * selleth him. # Ge 37:28 * found in. # 22:4 * curseth. or, revilteth. # Le 20:9 De 27:16 Pr 20:20 30:11,17 Mt 15:3-6 Mr 7:10,11 * men. # 22 2:13 De 25:11 2Sa 14:6 * another. or, his neighbour. a stone. # 20 Nu 35:16-24 * upon his staff. # 2Sa 3:29 Zec 8:4 * only he shall pay. This was a wise and excellent institution. The same provision is made in the civil law; and most courts of justice still regulate their decisions in such cases by this Mosaic precept. * the loss. Heb. his ceasing. * smite. # 26,27 De 19:21 Pr 29:19 Isa 58:3,4 * he shall. # Ge 9:6 Nu 35:30-33 * punished. Heb. avenged. # Ge 4:15,24 Nu 35:19 Ro 13:4 # Le 25:45,46 * strive. # 18 * as the judges. # 30 De 16:18 22:18,19 * life for life. # Nu 35:31 * This is the earliest account we have of the [ ,] Lex Talionis, law of like for like. # 26,27 Le 24:19,20 De 19:21 Jud 1:6,7 1Sa 15:33 Mt 5:38-40 7:2 # Lu 6:38 Re 16:6 * burning. only here. # Pr 6:28 Isa 43:2 * wound for. # Ge 4:23 9:6 Joh 19:11 Ro 13:4 # 20 De 16:19 Ne 5:5 Job 31:13-15 Ps 9:12 10:14,18 72:12-14 # Pr 22:22,23 Eph 6:9 Col 4:1 * smite. # 19 * the ox. # 32 Ge 9:5,6 Le 20:15,16 * his owner also. # De 21:1-9 * for the ransom. # 22 30:12 Nu 35:31-33 Pr 13:8 * judgment. or, sentence. # 31 # Ge 37:28 Zec 11:12,13 Mt 26:15 27:3-9 Php 2:7 * and the ox. # 28,29 # Ps 9:15 119:85 Pr 28:10 Ec 10:8 Jer 18:20,22 # 29,30 22:6,14 # 35 # 29 1 Of theft. 5 Of damage. 7 Of trespasses. 14 Of borrowing. 16 Of fornication. 18 Of witchcraft. 19 Of bestiality. 20 Of idolatry. 21 Of strangers, widows, and fatherless. 25 Of usury. 26 Of pledges. 28 Of reverence to magistrates. 29 Of the first fruits. 31 Of torn flesh. * sheep. or, goat. he shall. There is a smaller compensation required in other things, (ver. 9,) and also a disproportion between an ox and a sheep. The reason of the former is, as Maimonides explains it, because money, goods, etc., are better guarded in houses and cities, than cattle in a field; which consequently can be more easily stolen. The reason of the latter seems to be, as it is explained by Bishop Patrick, that an ox was of greater value, and more useful for the purposes of husbandry. # Le 6:1-6 Nu 5:7 2Sa 12:6 Pr 6:31 Lu 19:8 * five oxen. # Pr 14:4 * breaking. # Job 24:14 30:5 Ho 7:1 Joe 2:9 Mt 6:19,20 24:43 1Th 5:2 * no blood. # Nu 35:27 * then he shall. See on ch. # 21:2 Jud 2:14 10:7 Isa 50:1 * found. # 21:16 * he shall restore double. # 1,7,9 Pr 6:31 Isa 40:2 Jer 16:18 Re 18:6 * shall he make restitution. # 3,12 21:34 Job 20:18 * If fire break out. Mr. Harmer observes, that it is a common custom in the East to set the dry herbage on fire; which fires, from want of care, often produce great damage. Hence a law to guard against such evils was highly expedient. * so that the stacks of corn. # Jud 15:4,5 2Sa 14:30,31 * he that kindled the fire. # 9,12 21:33,34 * if the thief be found. # Pr 6:30,31 Jer 2:26 Joh 12:6 1Co 6:10 * let him pay double. See on ver. # 4 * the judges. # 28 *marg: # 21:6 De 16:18 19:17,18 1Ch 23:4 Ps 82:1 * for all manner of trespass. # Nu 5:6,7 1Ki 8:31 Mt 6:14,15 18:15,35 Lu 17:3,4 * the cause of both parties. # 18:21,22 23:6-8 De 16:18,19 25:1 2Ch 19:10 * pay double unto his. # 4,7 # Ge 39:8 Lu 12:48 16:11 2Ti 1:12 * an oath of the Lord. # Le 5:1 6:3 1Ki 2:42,43 Pr 30:9 Heb 6:16 * that he hath not. # 8 23:1 * stolen from him. # 7 Ge 31:39 * torn in pieces. # Eze 4:14 Am 3:12 Mic 5:8 Na 2:12 * let him bring it for witness. Or, rather, "Let him bring" {aid hatteraiphah,} an evidence of the thing torn, such as the horns, hoofs, etc. * borrow. # De 15:2 23:19,20 Ne 5:4 Ps 37:21 Mt 5:42 Lu 6:35 * make it good. # 11 21:34 Le 24:18 * it came for his hire. # Zec 8:10 * a man entice. # Ge 34:2-4 De 22:28,29 * utterly. # De 7:3,4 * pay. Heb. weigh. # Ge 23:16 * dowry of virgins. # Ge 34:12 De 22:29 1Sa 18:25 # Le 19:26,31 20:6,27 De 18:10,11 1Sa 28:3,9 Isa 19:3 Ac 8:9-11 # Ac 16:16-19 19:19 Ga 5:20 Re 22:15 # Le 18:23,25 20:15,16 De 27:21 * sacrificeth. # Nu 25:2-4,7,8 De 13:1-15 17:2-5 18:20 * utterly. # Nu 21:3 Jos 23:15,16 * vex a stranger. # 23:9 Le 19:33 25:35 De 10:19 Jer 7:6 22:3 Zec 7:10 Mal 3:5 * for ye were strangers. # 20:2 23:9 De 10:19 15:15 23:7 # De 10:18 24:17 27:19 Ps 94:6,7 Isa 1:17,23 10:2 Eze 22:7 # Zec 7:10 Jas 1:27 * they cry at all. # De 15:9 24:15 Job 31:38,39 35:9 Lu 18:7 * I will surely. # Job 34:28 Ps 10:17,18 18:6 140:12 145:19 146:7-9 Pr 22:22,23 # Pr 23:10,11 Jas 5:4 * my wrath. # Job 31:23 Ps 69:24 76:7 90:11 Na 1:6 Ro 2:5-9 Heb 10:31 * your wives. # Job 27:13-15 Ps 78:63,64 109:9 Jer 15:8 18:21 La 5:3 Lu 6:38 # Le 25:35-37 De 23:19,20 2Ki 4:1,7 Ne 5:2-5,7,10,11 Ps 15:5 # Pr 28:8 Jer 15:10 Eze 18:8,17 Mt 25:27 Lu 19:23 * to pledge. # De 24:6,10-13,17 Job 22:6 24:3,9 Pr 20:16 22:27 Eze 18:7,16 # Eze 33:15 Am 2:8 * when he crieth. # 2:23,24 Ps 34:6 72:12 Isa 19:20 * for I am gracious. # 34:6 2Ch 30:9 Ps 86:15 136:10,11 * the gods. or, judges. # 8,9 Ps 32:6 82:1-7 138:1 Joh 10:34,35 * nor curse. # 21:17 1Sa 24:6,10 26:9 Ec 10:20 Ac 23:3,5 Ro 13:2-7 # Tit 3:1,2 1Pe 2:17 2Pe 2:10 Jude 1:8 * shalt not delay. # 23:16,19 De 26:2-10 2Ki 4:42 2Ch 31:5 Pr 3:9,10 Eze 20:40 # Mic 7:1 Mt 6:33 Ro 8:23 Jas 1:18 * the first of they ripe fruits. Heb. they fulness. liquors. Heb. tear. the firstborn. # 13:2,12 34:19 * Likewise. # De 15:19 * seven days. # Le 22:27 * holy. # 19:5,6 Le 11:45 19:2 De 14:21 1Pe 1:15,16 * neither. # Le 17:15,16 20:25 22:8 De 14:21 Eze 4:14 44:31 Ac 10:14 15:20 1 Of slander, false witness, and partiality. 4 Of charitableness. 6 Of justice in judgment. 8 Of taking bribes. 9 Of oppressing a stranger. 10 Of the year of rest. 12 Of the sabbath. 13 Of idolatry. 14 Of the three feasts. 18 Of the blood and the fat of the sacrifice. 20 An angel is promised, with a blessing, if they obey him. * shalt not. # 7 20:16 Le 19:16 2Sa 16:3 19:27 Ps 15:3 101:5 120:3 # Pr 10:18 17:4 25:23 Jer 20:10 Mt 28:14,15 Ro 3:8 * raise. or, receive. an unrighteous witness. # De 5:20 19:16-21 1Ki 21:10-13 Ps 27:12 35:11 Pr 6:19 12:17 # Pr 19:5,9,28 21:28 24:28 25:18 Mt 19:18 26:59-61 Lu 3:14 19:8 # Ac 6:11-13 Eph 4:25 2Ti 3:3 1Pe 3:16 Re 12:10 * follow. # 32:1-5 Ge 6:12 7:1 19:4,7-9 Nu 14:1-10 Jos 24:15 1Sa 15:9 # 1Ki 19:10 Job 31:34 Pr 1:10,11,15 4:14 Mt 27:24-26 Mr 15:15 # Lu 23:23,24,51 Joh 7:50,51 Ac 24:27 25:9 Ro 1:32 Ga 2:11-13 * speak. or, answer. to decline. # 6,7 Le 19:15 De 1:17 Ps 72:2 Jer 37:15,21 38:5,6,9 Eze 9:9 # Hag 1:4 # Ps 82:2,3 Jas 3:17 # De 22:1-4 Job 31:29,30 Pr 24:17,18 25:21 Mt 5:44 Lu 6:27,28 # Ro 12:17-21 1Th 5:15 * If thou see. # De 22:4 * and wouldest forbear to help him. or, Wilt thou cease to help him? or, wouldest cease to leave thy business for him; thou shalt surely leave it to join with him. # 2,3 De 16:19 27:19 2Ch 19:7 Job 31:13,21,22 Ps 82:3,4 Ec 5:8 # Isa 10:1,2 Jer 5:28 6:28 7:6 Am 5:11,12 Mic 3:1-4 Zep 3:1-4 # Mal 3:5 Jas 2:5,6 * far from. # 1 Le 19:11 De 19:16-21 Job 22:23 Pr 4:14,15 Isa 33:15 Lu 3:14 # Eph 4:25 1Th 5:22 * the innocent. # De 27:25 * for I will not. # 34:7 Pr 17:15 Na 1:3 Ro 1:18 2:5,6 * thou shalt take. # De 16:19 1Sa 8:3 12:3 Ps 26:10 Pr 15:27 17:8,23 19:4 Ec 7:7 # Isa 1:13 5:23 Eze 22:12 Ho 4:18 Am 5:12 Mic 7:3 * the wise. Heb. the seeing. * thou shalt not. # 21:21 De 10:19 24:14-18 27:19 Ps 94:6 Eze 22:7 * ye know. # Mt 18:33 Heb 2:17,18 * heart. Heb. soul. * six years. # Le 25:3,4 Ne 10:31 * the seventh. See on # Le 25:2-7,11,12,20,22 26:34,35 * olive-yard. or, olive-trees. * Six days. See on ch. # 20:8-11 31:15,16 Lu 13:14 * and the son. # De 5:13-15 Isa 58:3 * be circumspect. # De 4:9,15 Jos 22:5 23:11 1Ch 28:7-9 Ps 39:1 Eph 5:15 1Ti 4:16 # Heb 12:15 * make no mention. # Nu 32:38 De 12:3 Jos 23:7 Ps 16:4 Jer 10:11 Ho 2:17 Zec 13:2 # Eph 5:12 # 34:22 Le 23:5,16,34 De 16:16 * the feast. # 12:14-28,43-49 13:6,7 34:18 Le 23:5-8 Nu 9:2-14 28:16-25 # De 16:1-8 Jos 5:10,11 2Ki 23:21-23 Mr 14:12 Lu 22:7 1Co 5:7,8 * and none. # 34:20 Le 23:10 De 16:16 Pr 3:9,10 * feast of harvest. # 22:29 34:22 Le 23:9-21 Nu 28:26-31 De 16:9-12 Ac 2:1 * in-gathering. # 34:22 Le 23:34-44 Nu 29:12-39 De 16:13-15 Ne 8:14-18 # Zec 14:16-19 Joh 7:2,37 # 34:23 De 12:5 16:16 31:11 Ps 84:7 Lu 2:42 * blood. # 12:8,15 34:25 Le 2:11 7:12 De 16:4 * sacrifice. or, feast. remain. # 12:10 Le 7:15 * first of the. # 22:29 34:26 Le 23:10-17 Nu 18:12,13 De 12:5-7 26:10 Ne 10:35 # 1Co 15:20 Re 14:4 * Thou shalt not seethe a kid. The true sense of this passage seems to be that assigned by Dr. Cudworth, from a MS. comment of a Karaïte Jew. "It was a custom with the ancient heathens, when they had gathered in all their fruits, to take a kid, and boil it in the dam's milk; and then in a magical way, to go about and sprinkle all their trees, and fields, and gardens, and orchards with it, thinking by these means, that they should make them fruitful, and bring forth more abundantly in the following year. Wherefore, God forbad his people, the Jews, at the time of their in-gathering, to use any such superstitious or idolatrous rite." # 34:26 De 14:21 Pr 12:10 Jer 10:3 * Angel. # 3:2-6 14:19 32:34 33:2,14 Ge 48:16 Nu 20:16 Jos 5:13 6:2 # Ps 91:11 Isa 63:9 Mal 3:1 1Co 10:9,10 * prepared. # Ge 15:18 Mt 25:34 Joh 14:3 * Beware of him. # Ps 2:12 Mt 17:5 Heb 12:25 * provoke him not. # Nu 14:11 Ps 78:40,56 Eph 4:30 Heb 3:10,16 * he will not. # 32:34 Nu 14:35 De 18:19 Jos 24:19 Jer 5:7 Heb 3:11 10:26-29 # Heb 12:25 1Jo 5:16 * my name. # 3:14 34:5-7 Ps 72:19 83:18 Isa 7:14 9:6 42:8 45:6 57:15 # Jer 23:6 Mt 1:23 Joh 5:23 10:30,38 14:9,10 Col 2:9 Re 1:8 # Re 2:8,23 3:7 * an enemy. # Ge 12:3 Nu 24:9 De 30:7 Jer 30:20 Zec 2:8 Ac 9:4,5 * an adversary unto thine adversaries. or, I will afflict them that afflict thee. * mine Angel. # 20 32:2 Isa 5:13 * thee in. # 3:17 Ge 15:19-21 34:2 Jos 24:8-11 * the Hivites. The LXX., Samaritan, Coptic, and one Hebrew MS. add, "and the Girgashite;" thus making the seven nations. * shalt not. See on ch. # 20:5 * do after. # Le 18:3,26-30 De 12:30,31 2Ch 33:2,9 Ps 101:3 106:35-38 # Eze 16:47 * overthrow. # 32:20 34:13,14 Nu 33:52 De 7:5,25,26 12:3 2Ch 34:3-7 * And ye. # De 6:13 10:12,20 11:13,14 13:4 28:1-6 Jos 22:5 24:14,15,21,24 # 1Sa 7:3 12:20,24 Jer 8:2 Mt 4:10 * he shall. # De 7:13 28:5-8 Isa 33:16 Mal 3:10 * I will take. # 15:26 De 7:15 Ps 103:3 Isa 33:24 * shall nothing. # De 7:14 28:4 Job 21:10 Ps 107:38 144:13 Mal 3:10,11 * the number. # Ge 25:8 35:29 1Ch 23:1 Job 5:26 42:17 Ps 55:23 90:10 # Isa 65:20 * my fear. # 15:14-16 Ge 35:5 De 2:25 11:23,25 Jos 2:9-11 1Sa 14:15 # 2Ki 7:6 2Ch 14:14 * destroy. # De 7:23 * backs. Heb. neck. # Ps 18:40 * hornets. {Tzirâh,} The hornet, may be so called from the Arabic {zaraâ,} to lay prostrate, strike down, because of the destruction occasioned by the violence of its sting. The hornet, in natural history, belongs to the species Crabro, of the genus Vespa or Wasp. It is a most voracious insect, and exceedingly strong for its size, which is generally an inch in length. # De 7:20 Jos 24:11 * in one year. # De 7:22 Jos 15:63 16:10 17:12,13 Jud 3:1-4 * By little and little. # Ge 6:17 De 7:22 Php 3:12-14 2Pe 3:18 * drive them out. # 33:2 34:11 De 7:22 Jos 23:5 24:11,12 * I will set. # Ge 15:18 Nu 34:3-15 De 11:24 Jos 1:4 1Ki 4:21,24 Ps 72:8 * deliver the. # Nu 21:34 De 3:2 Jos 8:7,18 10:8,19 21:44 23:14 24:8 Jud 1:4 # Jud 11:21 1Sa 23:4 1Ki 20:13 * shalt make. # 34:12,15 De 7:2 Jos 9:14-23 2Sa 21:1,2 Ps 106:35 2Co 6:15 * nor with. # Nu 25:1,2 De 7:16 * they make. # 1Ki 14:16 2Ch 33:9 * it will surely. # 34:12 De 7:16 12:30 Jos 23:13 Jud 2:3 1Sa 18:21 Ps 106:36 # 2Ti 2:26 1 Moses is called up into the mountain. 3 The people promise obedience. 4 Moses builds an altar, and twelve pillars. 6 He sprinkles the blood of the covenant. 9 The glory of God appears. 14 Aaron and Hur have the charge of the people. 15 Moses goes into the mountain, where he continues forty days and forty nights. * Come up. # 15 3:5 19:9,20,24 20:21 34:2 * Nadab. # 6:23 28:1 Le 10:1,2 1Ch 6:3 * seventy. # 9 1:5 Nu 11:16,24,25 Eze 8:11 Lu 10:1,17 # 13,15,18 20:21 Nu 16:5 Jer 30:21 49:19 Heb 9:24 10:21,22 * all the judgments. # 21:1-23:33 De 4:1,5,45 5:1,31 6:1 11:1 * All the words. # 7 19:8 De 5:27,28 Jos 24:22 Ga 3:19,20 * wrote. # De 31:9 Jos 24:26 * and builded. # 20:24-26 * twelve pillars. # Ge 28:18,22 31:45 Jos 24:27 Ga 2:9 * according. # 28:21 Le 24:5 Nu 17:2 Jos 4:2,3,8,9,20 1Ki 11:30 Ezr 6:17 # Lu 22:30 Re 21:14 * young men. # 19:22 * burnt offerings. # 18:12 Le 1:1-17 * peace offerings. # Le 3:1-17 7:11-21 * the blood he. # 8 12:7,22 Col 1:20 Heb 9:18 12:24 1Pe 1:2,19 * on the altar. # 29:16,20 Le 1:5,11 3:2,8 4:6 * the book. # 4 Heb 9:18-23 * read. # De 31:11-13 Ac 13:15 Col 4:16 1Th 5:27 * All that. # 3 Jer 7:23,24 * sprinkled. See on ver. # 6 Le 8:30 Isa 52:15 Eze 36:25 Heb 9:18-21 * Behold. # Zec 9:11 Mt 26:28 Mr 14:24 Lu 22:20 1Co 11:25 Eph 1:7 # Heb 9:20 10:4,5 13:20 1Pe 1:2 * See on ver. # 1 * saw. # 10 3:6 33:20,23 Ge 32:30 Jud 13:21,22 1Ki 22:19 Isa 6:1-5 # Eze 1:28 Joh 1:18 14:9 1Ti 6:16 1Jo 4:12 * of a sapphire stone. The Hebrew {sappir,} is without doubt the sapphire; which is a most beautiful precious stone of a fine blue colour, second only to the diamond in lustre, hardness, and value. The ancient oriental sapphire is supposed to have been the same as the lapis lazuli. It glitters with golden spots; and is of an azure or sky-blue colour, but rarely intermixed with purple. The ruby and topaz are considered of the same genus. # Eze 1:26,27 10:1 Re 4:3 21:19-23 * in his clearness. # So 6:10 Mt 17:2 Re 1:16 21:11,18 * nobles. # 1,9 Nu 21:18 Jud 5:13 1Ki 21:8 2Ch 23:20 Ne 2:16 Jer 14:3 * laid not. # 19:21 33:20-23 Ge 32:24-32 De 4:33 Jud 13:22 * they saw. # 10 Ge 16:13 * did eat. # 18:12 Ge 18:18 31:54 De 12:7 Ec 9:7 Lu 15:23,24 1Co 10:16-18 * Come up. # 2,15,18 * tables. # 31:18 32:15,16 De 5:22 Ne 9:13 Jer 31:33 2Co 3:3,7 Heb 9:4 * that thou. # De 4:14 Ezr 7:10 Mt 5:19 * his minister. # 17:9-14 32:17 33:11 Nu 11:28 * went up. # 2 * Tarry ye. # 32:1 Ge 22:5 1Sa 10:8 13:8-13 * Hur. # 17:10,12 * if any man. # 18:25,26 * a cloud. # 19:9,16 2Ch 6:1 Mt 17:5 * the glory. # 17 16:10 Le 9:23 Nu 14:10 16:42 Eze 1:28 2Co 4:6 * seventh day. # 19:11 20:10 Re 1:10 * like devouring fire. # 3:2 19:18 De 4:24,36 Eze 1:27 Na 1:6 Hab 3:4,5 Heb 12:18,29 * went into. # 17 9:29,33 19:20 Pr 28:1 * forty days. # 34:28 De 9:9,18,25 10:10 1Ki 19:8 Mt 4:2 Mr 1:13 Lu 4:2 1 What the Israelites were to offer for the formation of the tabernacle. 10 The form of the ark. 17 The mercy seat, with the cherubims. 23 The table of shew bread, with the furniture thereof. 31 The golden candlestick, with the instruments thereof. # 1 * they. # 35:5-29 Nu 7:3-88 De 16:16,17 1Ch 29:1-30 * bring me. Heb. take for me. offering. or, heave offering # Nu 18:24 * willingly. # 35:5,21 Jud 5:9 1Ch 29:3,5,9,14,17 Ezr 1:6 2:68 3:5 7:16 # Ne 11:2 Ps 110:3 2Co 8:12 9:7 * brass. {Nechosheth,} rather, copper; as brass is a factitious metal, composed of copper, and the oxide or ore of zinc, called {lapis calaminaris.} # De 8:9 Job 28:2 * blue. {Techaileth,} generally supposed to mean an azure or sky-colour; rendered by the LXX, [ ,] and Vulgate, {hyacinthum.} * fine linen. or, silk. # Ge 41:42 Eze 16:10 Re 19:8 # 26:14 * shittim wood. # 26:15,26,37 27:1 36:20 * Oil for. # 37 27:20 40:24,25 * spices. # 30:23-38 * Onyx stones. # 28:9-21 * ephod. # 28:4,6,15 * a sanctuary. # 15:2 36:1-4 Le 4:6 10:4 21:12 Heb 9:1,2 * I may dwell. # 29:45 1Ki 6:13 Isa 12:6 Zec 2:10 8:3 2Co 6:16 Heb 3:6 Re 21:3 * the pattern of the tabernacle. # 40 1Ch 28:11-19 Heb 8:5 9:9 * an ark. {Aron} denotes a chest, or coffer, in general; but is applied particularly to the chest or ark in which the testimony or two tables of the covenant were laid up; on the top of which was the propitiatory or mercy seat; and at the end of which were the cherubim of gold; between whom the visible sign of the presence of God appeared as seated upon his throne. # 37:1-3 De 10:1-3 2Ch 8:11 Heb 9:4 Re 11:19 # 24 30:3 1Ki 6:20 2Ch 3:4 # 15,26 26:29 27:7 37:5 38:7 # 28 27:6 30:5 37:4 40:20 Nu 4:6,8,11,14 1Ch 15:15 * staves. lit. parts, separated things. \\S#905h\\. # Job 17:16 * bars. # Job 18:13 * strength. Marg. bars. # Eze 17:16 * branches. # Eze 19:14 Ho 11:6 # 1Ki 8:8 2Ch 5:9 # 16:34 27:21 30:6,36 31:18 32:15 34:29 38:21 Nu 17:4 # De 10:2-5 31:26 1Ki 8:9 2Ki 11:12 2Ch 34:14,15 Ac 7:44 Ro 3:2 # Heb 9:4 * mercy seat. # 26:34 37:6 40:20 Le 16:12-15 1Ch 28:11 Ro 3:25 Heb 4:16 9:5 # 1Jo 2:2 * two cherubims of gold. # 37:7-9 Ge 3:24 1Sa 4:4 1Ki 6:23-28 8:6,7 1Ch 28:18 # Eze 10:2,20 41:18,19 Heb 9:5 * of the. or, of the matter of the. The cherubim were thus looking toward each other, and toward the Mercy-seat, and therefore gazing on the blood. Habershon suggests "These last facts seem to show that the cherubim typify the redeemed; rent in the vail--crucified with Christ, Ga 2:20; one with Him, Joh 17:21, 23; fellowship with one another and with Himself, 1Jo 1:3, 7; owing all to the blood, 1Jo 1:7" (Outline Studies, p. 57). # Ga 2:20 Joh 17:21,23 1Jo 1:3,7 * cherubims shall. # 18 1Ki 8:7 1Ch 28:18 2Ch 3:10 * covering. # Eze 28:14 * toward. # Ge 28:12 Isa 6:1-5 Eze 1:20 Mt 24:31 Joh 1:51 1Co 4:9 11:10 # Eph 3:10 Col 2:10 Heb 1:14 1Pe 1:12 3:22 Re 5:11,12 * mercy seat. # 17 26:34 Ro 10:4 * in. See on ver. # 16 * and I will. # 20:24 30:6,36 31:18 Ge 18:33 Le 1:1 16:2 Nu 7:89 17:4 # De 5:26-31 Jud 20:27 * between. # 29:42,43 31:6 1Sa 4:4 2Sa 6:2 2Ki 19:15 Ps 80:1 90:1 99:1 # Isa 37:16 * a table. # 37:10-16 40:22,23 Le 24:6 Nu 3:31 1Ki 7:48 1Ch 28:16 # 2Ch 4:8,19 Eze 40:41,42 Heb 9:2 * shittim wood. {Shittim} wood is probably the acacia Nilotica. St. Jerome says, that the {shittim} wood grows in the deserts of Arabia, and is like white thorn, as to its colour and leaves; but the tree is so large as to furnish very long planks. The wood is hard, tough, and extremely beautiful. It is thought he means the black acacia, because that is the most common tree in the deserts of Arabia. It is of the size of a large mulberry tree. The spreading branches and larger limbs are armed with thorns, which grow three together. The bark is rough; and the leaves are oblong, standing opposite each other. The flowers, though sometimes white, are generally of a bright yellow; and the fruit, which resembles a bean, is contained in pods like those of the lupin. "The acacia," says Dr. Shaw, "being by much the largest and most common tree in the deserts," (Arabia Petræa,) we have some reason to conjecture that the {shittim} wood was the wood of the acacia, especially as its flowers are of an excellent smell; for the {shittah} tree is, in Isa 41:19, joined with the myrtle and other fragrant shrubs. It may be remarked, that of the two Hebrew names, {shittim} is masculine, and {shittah} feminine. So Mr. Bruce says, "the male is called {saiel;} from it proceeds the {gula} Arabic, on incision with an axe." * See on ver. # 11 1Ki 6:20-22 * a golden crown to the border. # 30:3 37:2 * four rings of gold. See on ver. # 12 * for places of the staves. # 14,28 * the table. # 14,27 Nu 10:17 Ac 9:15 * the. # 37:16 Nu 4:7 7:13,19,31-33 1Ki 7:50 2Ch 4:22 Ezr 1:9-11 # Jer 52:18,19 * to cover. or, to pour out. # Le 24:5-9 So 5:1 Re 3:20 # 35:13 39:36 Le 24:5,6 Nu 4:7 1Sa 21:6 1Ch 9:32 23:29 # 2Ch 13:11 Mal 1:7,12 Mt 12:4 * a candlestick. # 35:14 37:17-24 40:24,25 1Ki 7:49 2Ch 13:11 Zec 4:2 Heb 9:2 # Re 1:12,20 2:1,5 4:5 * his knops. # 1Ki 6:18 7:24 # 32 * like unto. # Nu 17:4-8 Jer 1:11,12 * and three. # 37:19,20 Zec 4:3 # 34 # 35 * beaten. # 18 Nu 8:4 1Ki 10:16,17 2Ch 9:15 * seven. # 37:23 Zec 4:2 Re 1:4,12,20 2:1 4:5 * they shall. # 27:21 30:8 Le 24:2-4 2Ch 13:11 * light. or, cause to ascend. give. # 40:24 Nu 8:2 Ps 119:105 Pr 6:23 Isa 8:20 Mt 5:14 Lu 1:79 # Joh 1:9 8:12 12:5 Ac 26:18 Re 21:23-25 22:5 * it. Heb. the face of it. # Nu 8:2 * the tongs. # 2Ch 4:21 Isa 6:6 * snuff dishes. # 37:23 Nu 4:9 1Ki 7:50 2Ki 12:13 25:14 Jer 52:18 * talent. # 37:24 Zec 5:7 * that thou make. # 26:30 39:42,43 Nu 8:4 1Ch 28:11,19 Eze 43:11,12 Ac 7:44 # Heb 8:5 * was shewed thee in the mount. Heb. thou wast caused to see in the mount. 1 The ten curtains of the tabernacle. 7 The eleven curtains of goats' hair, and the covering of rams' and badgers' skins. 15 The boards of the tabernacle, with their sockets and bars. 31 The vail for the ark. 36 The hanging for the door. * the tabernacle with ten curtains. The word {mishcan,} from {shachan,} to dwell, means simply a dwelling-place, or habitation. "When God had brought the children of Israel out of Egypt," says the very learned Dr. Cudworth, "resolving to manifest himself in a peculiar manner present among them, he thought good to dwell amongst them in a visible and external manner; and therefore, while they were in the wilderness, and sojourned in tents, he would have a tent or tabernacle built, to sojourn with them also.--Now, the tabernacle being thus a house for God to dwell in visibly, to make up the notion of dwelling or habitation complete, there must be all things suitable to a house belonging to it. Hence, in the holy place, there must be a table and a candlestick, because these were the ordinary furniture of a room. The table must have its dishes, and spoons, and bowls, and covers, belonging to it, though they were never used; and always be furnished with bread upon it. The candlestick must have its lamps continually burning, etc." # 25:8 36:8-19 40:2,17-19 1Ch 17:1 21:29 Joh 1:14 2:21 Heb 8:2 # Heb 9:9,23,24 Re 21:3 * fine twined linen. # 36 25:4 35:6,35 Re 19:8 * cherubims. See on ch. # 25:18 * cunning work. Heb. the work of a cunning workman, or embroiderer. * curtain. # 7,8 Nu 4:25 2Sa 7:2 1Ch 17:1 * coupled together. # 9 36:10 Joh 17:21 1Co 12:4,12-27 Eph 2:21,22 4:3-6,16 # Col 2:2,19 * loops of blue. # 5,10,11 36:11,12,17 # 5 * taches of gold. # 11,33 35:11 36:13,18 39:33 * one tabernacle. # Eph 1:22,23 4:16 1Pe 2:4,5 * curtains. # 35:26 36:14-18 Nu 4:25 Ps 45:13 1Pe 3:4 5:5 * goats' hair. {Izzim,} goats, but used here elliptically for goats' hair. In different parts of Asia Minor, Syria, Cilicia, and Phrygia, the goats have long, fine, and beautiful hair; in some cases, almost as fine as silk, which is shorn at proper times, and manufactured into garments. # 25:4 35:6,23 Nu 31:20 * a. # 14 Isa 4:5 * eleven. # 1,9,12 * length of one curtain. # 2,13 * five curtains by themselves. # 3 * fifty loops. # 4-6 * tent. or, covering. See on ver. # 3,6 * shall hang over. # 9 * a cubit. # 2,8 * of that which remaineth. Heb. in the remainder or surplusage. * a covering. # 36:19 Nu 4:5 Ps 27:5 121:4,5 Isa 4:6 25:4 * rams' skins dyed red. {Oroth ailim meoddamim,} literally, the skins of red rams. It is a fact, attested by many respectable travellers, that in the Levant, sheep are often met with having red or violet coloured fleeces. Almost all ancient writers speak of the same thing. # 25:5 35:7,23 39:34 Nu 4:10 Eze 16:10 * badgers' skins. {Oroth techashim,} which nearly all the ancient versions have taken to be the name of a colour, though they differ very much with regard to the particular colour intended: the LXX., Vulgate, and Coptic, have skins dyed of a violet colour; the Syriac, azure; and the Arabic, black; and Bochart contends for the hysginus, a very deep blue. It may, however, denote an animal; for Dr. Geddes remarks, had the sacred writer meant to express only a variety of colour, he would hardly have repeated {óroth,} skins, after {meoddamim,} red, in ch. 25:5. * boards. # 18,22-29 36:20-33 40:17,18 Nu 4:31,32 Eph 2:20,21 * of shittim. # 25:5 # 16 * tenons. Heb. hands. # 19 36:22,24 # 18 * forty sockets of silver. # 25,37 27:10,12-18 36:24-26 38:27,30,31 40:18 Nu 3:36 # Nu 4:31,32 So 5:15 # 20 * two sockets under one board. # 19 # 22 * corners. \\S#4742h\\. # 36:28 * be coupled. Heb. twined. and they shall be coupled together above. # 36:29,30 Ps 133:1-3 1Co 1:10 3:16 1Pe 2:5 # 25 * bars of shittim wood. # 36:31-38 Nu 3:36 4:31 Ro 15:1 1Co 9:19,20 Ga 6:1,2 Eph 4:16 # Col 2:19 # 27 * reach. lit. flee. # 1Ch 12:15 Ne 13:28 Job 41:28 Pr 19:26 * overlay the boards with gold. See on ch. # 25:11,12 * rear up the tabernacle. # 40:2,17,18 Nu 10:21 Jos 18:1 Heb 8:2 * according to the fashion. # 25:9,40 27:8 Ac 7:44 Heb 8:5 9:23 * a vail of. # 36:35 40:3,21 Le 16:2,15 2Ch 3:14 Mt 27:51 Mr 15:38 Lu 23:45 # Eph 2:14 Heb 9:3-8 10:20,21 * blue. # 25:4 35:6,25,35 36:8 * purple. {Argaman,} a very precious colour, extracted from the purpura, or murex, a species of shell-fish; and supposed to be the same with the costly and much celebrated Tyrian purple. * scarlet. Tolaâth; properly the worm whence the scarlet colour was produced; which grew in a coccus, or excrescence, of a shrub of the ilex kind, like the cochineal worm in the Opuntia of America; which is arranged under the same genus as the Arabic {Kermez,} which also denotes this colour. * cunning work. # 1 28:15 38:23 2Ch 2:7-13 Ps 137:5 So 7:1 * cherubims shall it be made. See on ch. # 25:18 * pillars of shittim. # 37 36:38 Es 1:6 * their hooks shall be of gold. The Hebrew {waveyhem,} which we translate their hooks, is rendered by the LXX. [ ,] and by the Vulgate, {capiata,} capitals. Hence Calmet contends, 1. That if Moses does not mean the capitals of the pillars by this word, he mentions them nowhere else; and it would seem strange, that while he describes them with so much exactness, that he should not mention the capitals; or that pillars every way so correctly formed, should have been destitute of this necessary ornament. 2. As Moses was commanded to make the {wavim} of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver, (ch. 27:10, 11,) and the {wavim} of the pillars of the vail of gold, (ch. 36:36,) and that 1,775 shekels were employed in making them, overlaying their chapiters, {rasheyhem,} their heads, and filleting them, (ch. 38:28,) it is more reasonable to suppose that all this is spoken of the capitals of pillars, than of any kind of hooks, especially as hooks are mentioned under the word taches or clasps. But as the root {wavah} seems to signify to connect, (for [ ,] in Arabic, is to marry a wife,) and as the letter [ ,] {wav,} if it has not its name from its hook-like form, is yet used as a connective particle, it would rather appear to denote hooks, which connected the curtains or vails to the pillars. The LXX. also render it [ ,] handles, and [ ,] rings or clasps. * the taches. # 27:10 36:36 * within the vail. # Ge 9:4,5 * the ark of the testimony. # 25:16 40:21 * the holy place. # Le 16:2 1Ki 8:6,10 2Ch 5:7-10 Heb 9:2,3 * put the mercy seat. See on ch. # 25:21 40:20 Heb 9:5 * the table. See on ch. # 40:22 Heb 9:2,8,9 * the candlestick. See on ch. # 25:31-37 40:24 * hanging. This may be termed the first vail, as it occupied the door or entrance to the tabernacle; the vail that separated the Holy of Holies is called the second vail, Heb 9:3. Mr. Morier, (Second Journey Through Persia, p. 251,) describing the tent of a chief of the Eelauts, says, "It was composed of a wooden frame of circular laths, which were fixed on the ground, and then covered over with large felts, that were fastened down by a cord, ornamented by tassels of various colours. A curtain, curiously worked by the women, with coarse needle-work of various colours, was suspended over the door. In the king of Persia's tents, magnificent {perdahs,} or hangings of needle-work, are suspended, as well as on the doors of the great mosques in Turkey; and these circumstances combined, will, perhaps, illustrate Ex 26:36." # 36:37 40:28 Joh 10:9 14:6 * the tent. # 35:11 39:33 40:29 Nu 3:25 9:15 2Sa 7:6 Ps 78:60 * of blue. See on ver. # 31 * overlay them with gold. # 36:38 1 The altar of burnt offering, with the vessels thereof. 9 The court of the tabernacle inclosed with hangings and pillars. 18 The measure of the court, and the furniture of brass. 20 The oil for the lamp. * altar of shittim wood. # 20:24-26 24:4 38:1-7 40:10,29 2Sa 24:18 2Ch 4:1 Eze 43:13-17 # Heb 13:10 * horns of it upon the four corners thereof. The horns might have been designed not only for ornament, but to prevent the sacrifices from falling off, and to tie the victim to, previous to its being sacrificed. # 29:12 Le 4:7,18,25 8:15 16:18 1Ki 1:50 2:28 Ps 118:27 # Heb 6:18 * overlay it with brass. # Nu 16:38,39 1Ki 8:64 * his shovels. # Le 16:12 1Ki 7:40,45 2Ch 4:11 Jer 52:18 * basons. # 24:6 * flesh-hooks. # 38:3 Nu 4:14 1Sa 2:13,14 1Ch 28:17 2Ch 4:16 * firepans. # 1Ki 7:45 2Ki 25:15 Jer 52:19,20 * a grate of network. # 35:16 38:4,5 * rings in the four corners thereof. See on ch. # 25:12 * compass of the altar. # 38:4 * staves for the altar. See on ch. # 35:13-15 30:4 Nu 4:44 * bear it. # 25:28 30:4 Nu 4:13,14 * as it was shewed. Heb. he shewed. # 25:9,40 26:30-37 1Ch 28:11,19 Mt 15:9 Col 2:20-23 Heb 8:5 * the court. # 38:9-20 40:8 1Ki 6:36 8:64 2Ch 33:5 Ps 84:10 92:13 100:4 # Ps 116:19 Eze 40:14,20,23,28,32,44 42:3,19,20 46:20-24 * hangings for. # 26:31-37 36:17 39:40 * sockets shall be of brass. See on ch. # 26:19-21 * fillets shall be of silver. # 36:38 Jer 52:21 # 11 # 12 # 13 * hangings of one side. # 9 26:36 # 15 * of blue. See on ch. # 26:31,36 * needle-work. # 28:39 36:37 39:29 Jud 5:30 Ps 45:14 # 17 * length of the court. # 9-12 * fifty every where. Heb. fifty by fifty. * all the pins thereof. # 3 35:18 38:20,31 39:40 Nu 3:37 4:32 Ezr 9:8 Ec 12:11 # Isa 22:23-25 33:20 Zec 10:4 * pure oil olive beaten. That is, such oil as could be easily expressed from the olives, after they had been bruised in a mortar; and which is much purer than that obtained after the olives are put under the press. # 39:37 Le 24:2-4 Jud 9:9 Ps 23:5 Zec 4:11-14 Re 11:4 * for the light. See on ch. # 25:31-37 * to cause the lamp. Josephus says, that the whole of the seven lamps burned all night; and that in the morning four were extinguished, and three burned the whole of the day. Such might have been the practice in his time; but it appears sufficiently evident from ch. 30:8, and 1 Sa 3:3, that they were anciently extinguished in the morning. * to burn. Heb. to ascend up. * the tabernacle of the congregation. # 29:10,44 Le 3:8 Nu 8:9 * without the vail. # 26:31-33 40:3 * testimony. See on ch. # 16:34 25:16,21 * Aaron. # 30:8 1Sa 3:3 2Ch 13:11 Mal 2:7 Mt 4:16 Lu 12:35 Joh 5:35 # 2Co 4:6 2Pe 1:19 Re 2:1 * evening. # Ge 1:5,8 Le 24:3 Ps 134:1 * a statute for ever. # 28:43 29:9,28 Le 3:17 16:34 24:9 Nu 18:23 19:21 1Sa 30:25 1 Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest's office. 2 Holy garments are appointed. 6 The ephod and girdle. 15 The breast-plate with twelve precious stones. 30 The Urim and Thummim. 31 The robe of the ephod, with pomegranates and bells. 36 The plate of the mitre. 39 The embroidered coat. 40 The garments for Aaron's sons. * take. # Le 8:2 Nu 16:9-11 17:2-9 2Ch 26:18-21 Heb 5:1-5 * among. # 41 29:1,9,44 30:30 31:10 35:19 Nu 18:7 De 10:6 1Ch 6:10 # 2Ch 11:14 Lu 1:8 * Nadab. # 6:23 24:1,9 Le 10:1,12 Nu 2:4 26:61 1Ch 24:1-4 * holy garments. # 29:5-9,29,30 31:10 39:1,2 40:13 Le 8:7-9,30 Nu 20:26-28 # Ps 132:9,16 Isa 61:3,10 64:6 Zec 3:3,4 Ro 3:22 13:14 Ga 3:27 # Heb 7:26 Re 19:8 * glory. # 40 19:5,6 Nu 27:20,21 Job 40:10 Ps 90:16,17 96:6 149:4 # Isa 4:2 Jer 9:23,24 Joh 1:14 1Co 1:30,31 Heb 2:9 2Pe 1:17 # 1Jo 3:2 Re 5:10 19:8 * wise hearted. # 31:3-6 35:30,35 36:1,2 Pr 2:6 Isa 28:24-26 * filled. # De 34:9 Isa 11:2 1Co 12:7-11 Eph 1:17 Jas 1:17 * a breastplate. {Choshen,} in Hebrew is used for the square breast-plate of the high priest, in which were set twelve precious stones, each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob. # 15 39:8-21 Isa 59:17 Eph 6:14 1Th 5:8 Re 9:17 * ephod. The ephod seems to have been a short cloak, without sleeves. # 6-14 39:2-5,21,22 Le 8:7,8 1Sa 2:18 22:18 23:6 30:7 2Sa 6:14 * a robe. The word {meil,} from {âlah,} to ascend, go up on, may be considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest, a surtout. # 31-34 39:25,26 * broidered. # 29,40 Le 8:7 * a mitre. # 39:28 Le 8:9 * a girdle. # Isa 11:5 * gold. # 25:3,4 39:2,3 * linen. See on ch. # 26:1 # 39:4 * curious. or, embroidered. # 27,28 29:5 39:20,21 Le 8:7 Isa 11:5 1Pe 1:13 Re 1:13 * onyx. # 20 39:13 Ge 2:12 Job 28:16 Eze 28:13 * grave. # 36 39:6 2Ch 2:7 So 8:6 Isa 49:16 * according to their birth. # 1:1-4 Ge 43:33 * engravings of a signet. # 21,36 Jer 22:24 Zec 3:9 Eph 1:13 4:30 2Ti 2:19 Re 7:2 * ounces of gold. # 13,14,25 39:6,13,18 * the shoulders. # 7 Ps 89:19 Isa 9:6 12:2 Zec 6:13,14 Heb 7:25-28 * Aaron shall bear. # 29 39:6,7 * for a memorial. # 12:14 13:9 39:7 Ge 9:12-17 Le 24:7 Nu 16:40 31:54 Jos 4:7 # Isa 62:6 Zec 6:14 Lu 1:54,72 Ac 10:4 # 13 * chains of. # 24 39:15 * of wreathen. # 22-25 39:17,18 1Ki 7:17 2Ki 25:17 2Ch 4:12,13 * the breastplate. See on ver. # 4,30 39:8 Le 8:8 * after. See on ver. # 6 26:1 # 16 * thou shalt. See on ver. # 9,11 39:10-21 Mal 3:17 * set in it settings of stones. Heb. fill in its fillings of stone. the first row. # Eze 28:13 Re 21:19-21 * a sardius, or, ruby. The Hebrew {odem,} from {adam,} to be red, ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as {adam} does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple. # Job 28:18 Pr 3:15 8:11 20:15 31:10 La 4:7 * a topaz. {Pitdah,} is constantly rendered by the LXX. [ ,] and Vulgate, {topazius,} with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour. # Job 28:19 Re 21:20 * a carbuncle. {Bareketh,} from {barak,} to lighten, glitter, a very elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet. # Isa 54:11,12 * emerald. {Nophech,} an emerald, the same with the ancient {smaragdus;} one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture. # 39:11 Eze 27:16 * sapphire. # 24:10 Job 28:6,16 So 5:14 Eze 1:26 10:1 Re 4:3 * diamond. # Jer 17:1 Eze 28:13 * a ligure. # 39:12 * an agate. # Isa 54:12 * a beryl. # Eze 1:16 10:9 Da 10:6 Re 21:20 * an onyx. See on ver. # 9 * a jasper. # Re 4:3 21:11,18-20 * inclosings. Heb. fillings. # 13 * twelve. # 9-11 * according to the twelve. # 1Ki 18:31 Lu 22:30 Jas 1:1 Re 7:4-8 21:12 # 14 # 25:11-15 # 24 * wreathen chains. # 14 39:15 * on the shoulder pieces. # 7 * of the ephod. # 39:4 # 26 * the curious girdle. See on ver. # 8 * a lace. # 31,37 39:30,31 Nu 15:38 * in the. See on ver. # 15,30 * upon. See on ver. # 12 Jer 30:21 Ro 10:1 * a. # So 8:6 Isa 49:15,16 * the Urim and Thummim. [ ,] the Urim and Thummim, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX. [ ,] manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, {doctrina et veritas,} doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed, 1. That in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Exod. 39:8, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev. 8:8, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. 2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every thing relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned. # Le 8:8 Nu 27:21 De 33:8 Jud 1:1 20:18,23,27,28 1Sa 23:9-12 # 1Sa 28:6 30:7,8 Ezr 2:63 Ne 7:65 * bear the judgment. # Zec 6:13 * upon his heart. # 2Co 6:11,12 7:3 12:15 Php 1:7,8 Heb 2:17 4:15 9:12,24 # 4,28 39:22 Le 8:7 * as it were. # 39:28 2Ch 26:14 Ne 4:16 Job 41:26 * that it be not rent. # Joh 19:23,24 Eph 4:3-16 * And. # 39:24-26 * hem. or, skirts. pomegranates. # 1Ki 7:18 2Ki 25:17 * bells. # Zec 14:20 # Ps 89:15 So 2:3 4:3,13 6:7,11 8:2 Joh 15:4-8,16 Col 1:5,6,10 * goeth in. # Le 16:2 Heb 9:12 * a plate of pure gold. The word {tzitz,} which we translate a plate, properly signifies a flower. It is rendered by the LXX. [ ,] a leaf, and is called {nezer,} a crown in ch. 29:6 and [ ,] a diadem, by the author of the book of Wisdom, ch. 28:24. Josephus says that it was adorned with three rows of the flower which the Greeks call [ .] It was two fingers broad, of a circular form, suited to the shape of the head, and so long that it reached from ear to ear, and was fastened upon a blue lace or ribband, which was tied behind the head; and as the plate reached only half round the head, the remaining part of the ribband was highly ornamented with artificial flowers. * grave upon it. See on ver. # 9,11 * HOLINESS. # 39:30 Le 8:9 10:3 19:2 Ps 93:5 Eze 43:12 Zec 14:20 Heb 7:26 # Heb 12:14 1Pe 1:15,16 2:9 Re 21:27 * blue. See on ver. # 28,31 Nu 15:38 * the mitre it. # 4 29:6 39:30,31 Le 8:9 Zec 3:5 * bear the iniquity. # 43 Le 10:17 22:9 Nu 18:1 Isa 53:6,11,12 Eze 4:4-6 Joh 1:29 # 2Co 5:21 Heb 9:28 1Pe 2:24 3:18 * accepted. # Le 1:4 22:27 23:11 Isa 56:7 60:7 Eph 1:6 1Pe 2:5 * embroider. See on ver. # 4 * the girdle. See on ver. # 8 * needlework. # Ps 45:14 * Aaron's. # 4 39:27,29,41 Le 8:13 Eze 44:17,18 * bonnets. # 29:9 * glory. See on ver. # 2 1Ti 2:9,10 6:9-11 Tit 2:7,10 1Pe 3:3,4 5:5 * anoint them. # 29:7 30:23-30 40:15 Le 10:7 Isa 10:27 61:1 Joh 3:34 # 2Co 1:21,22 1Jo 2:20,27 * and consecrate them. Heb. fill their hand. # 29:9,24,35 Le 8:1-36 Nu 3:3 Eze 43:26 Heb 5:4 7:28 * minister. See on ver. # 1,4 * breeches. # 20:26 39:28 Le 6:10 16:4 Eze 44:18 Re 3:18 * their nakedness. Heb. flesh of their nakedness. reach. Heb. be. * unto the altar. # 20:26 * bear not iniquity. # Le 5:1,17 20:19,20 22:9 Nu 9:13 18:22 Mt 22:12,13 * a statute. # 27:21 Le 17:7 1 The sacrifice and ceremonies of consecrating the priests and the altar. 38 The continual burnt offerings. 45 God's promise to dwell among the children of Israel. * An. Ex. Is. 1. Thammuz. hallow them. # 21 20:11 28:41 Le 8:2-36 Mt 6:9 * to minister. See on ch. # 28:3 * Take. # Le 8:2 9:2 16:3 2Ch 13:9 * without. # 12:5 Le 4:3 5:15,16 6:6 22:20 Mal 1:13,14 Heb 7:26 1Pe 1:19 * bread. See on ch. # 12:8 Le 2:4 6:20-22 8:2 1Co 5:7 * tempered. # 23 Le 2:4,5,15 7:10 Nu 6:15 * wafers. # Le 7:12 8:26 Nu 6:15,19 * in the basket. # Le 8:2,26,31 Nu 6:17 * unto the door. # 26:36 40:28 Le 8:3-6 * wash them. # 30:18-21 40:12 Le 8:6 14:8 De 23:11 Eze 36:25 Joh 13:8-10 # Eph 5:26 Tit 3:5 Heb 10:22 1Pe 3:21 Re 1:5,6 * garments. # 28:2-8 Le 8:7,8 * curious. The word {cheshev,} translated curious girdle, simply signifies a kind of diaper or embroidered work, of the same texture as the ephod itself. # 28:8 * mitre. {Mitznepheth,} from {tzanaph,} to wrap round, evidently means that covering of the head so universal in eastern countries, which we call turband, which consists of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or silk wound round its bottom. * See on ch. # 28:36-39 Le 8:9 # 28:41 30:23-31 Le 8:10-12 10:7 21:10 Nu 35:25 Ps 89:20 133:2 # Isa 61:1 Joh 3:34 1Jo 2:27 # 28:40 Le 8:13 * put. Heb. bind. the priest's. # 28:1 Nu 16:10,35,40 18:7 Heb 5:4,5,10 7:11-14 * consecrate. Heb. fill the hand of. # 28:41 32:29 *marg: # Le 8:22-28 Heb 7:23-28 * cause. # 1 * put. # 15,19 Le 1:4 3:2 8:14,18 16:21 Isa 53:6 2Co 5:21 * And. # Le 1:4,5 8:15 9:8,12 * door. # 4 Le 1:3 * the blood. # Le 8:15 9:9 16:14,18,19 Heb 9:13,14,22 10:4 * the horns. # 27:2 30:2 38:2 * pour all. # Le 4:7,18,25,30,34 5:9 9:9 * all the fat. # 22 Le 3:3,4,9,10,14-16 4:8,9,26,31,35 6:12 7:3,31 Ps 22:14 # Isa 1:11 34:6 43:24 * and the caul. It seemeth by anatomy, and the Hebrew doctors, to be the midriff. # Le 8:16,25 9:10,19 * burn them. # 18,25 Le 1:9,15 16:25 17:6 Nu 18:17 1Sa 2:16 * flesh. # Le 4:11,12,21 8:17 16:27 Heb 13:11-13 * it is a. # 30:10 Le 4:3,25,29,32 5:6,8 6:25 9:2 16:3,11 Nu 7:16 # 2Ch 29:24 Ezr 8:35 * one. # 3,19 Le 8:18-21 * put. # 10 Le 1:4-9 * See on ver. # 11,12 * wash the. # Le 1:9,13 8:21 9:14 Jer 4:14 Mt 23:26 * unto. or, upon. * a burnt offering. # Ge 22:2,7,13 Le 9:24 1Sa 7:9 1Ki 3:4 18:38 Ps 50:8 Isa 1:11 # Jer 6:20 7:21,22 Mr 12:33 Heb 10:6-10 * sweet savour. # Ge 8:21 Le 1:17 Eph 5:2 Php 4:18 * other. # 3 Le 8:22-29 * Aaron. See on ver. # 10 * put it upon the tip. All this doubtless was intended to signify, that the priest should dedicate all his faculties and powers to the service of God; his ear to the hearing and study of the law; his hands to diligence in the sacred ministry, and to all acts of obedience; and his feet to walking in the way of God's precepts; for the ear is the symbol of obedience, the hand of action, and the foot of the path or conduct in life. And the sprinkling might further teach him, that he could neither hear, work, nor walk profitably, uprightly, and well pleasingly in the sight of God, without the application of the blood of the sacrifice. # Le 8:24 14:14 Isa 50:5 Mr 7:33 * sprinkle. # Le 14:7,16 16:14,15,19 Isa 52:15 Heb 9:19-23 10:22 12:24 # 1Pe 1:2 * the anointing oil. # 7 30:25-31 Le 8:30 14:15-18,29 Ps 133:2 Isa 11:2-5 61:1-3 * shall be. # 1 Joh 17:19 Heb 9:22 10:29 * Also thou. # 13 Le 8:25-27 * the rump. {Alyah} is the large tail of a species of eastern sheep. "This tail," says Dr. Russell, "is very broad and large, terminating in a small appendix that turns back upon it. It is of a substance between fat and marrow, and is not eaten separately, but mixed with lean meat in many of their dishes, and also often used instead of butter. A common sheep of this sort, without the head, feet, skin, and entrails, weighs about twelve or fourteen {Aleppo rotoloes,} (a {rotoloe} is five pounds,) of which the tail is usually three {rotoloes} or upwards; but such as are of the largest breed, and have been fattened, will sometimes weigh about thirty {rotoloes,} and the tails of these ten." # Le 3:9 7:3 9:19 * right shoulder. # Le 7:32,33 9:21 10:14 Nu 18:18 # 2,3 * put. # Le 8:27 * wave them. Heb. shake to and fro. a wave. # 26,27 Le 7:30 9:21 10:14 * thou. # Le 7:29-31 8:28 Ps 99:6 * for a sweet. See on ver. # 18 * offering. # 41 Le 1:9,13 2:2,9,16 3:3,5,9,11,14,16 7:5,25 10:13 1Sa 2:28 * the breast. # Le 8:29 * it shall be thy. # Ps 99:6 * the breast. # Le 7:31-34 8:29 9:21 10:15 Nu 6:20 18:11,18,19 De 18:3 * the wave offering. The wave offering and heave offering are thus distinguished by the Jewish writers: the former, called {tenoophah,} from {nooph,} to move, toss, was waved horizontally towards the four cardinal points, to signify that He to whom it was consecrated was the Lord of the whole earth; the latter, called {teroomah,} from room, to be elevated, was lifted perpendicularly upward and downward, in token of its being devoted to the God of heaven. * the ram of the consecration. {Ail milluim,} literally, "the ram of filling;" so called, according to some, because at the consecration of the priests, certain pieces of the sacrifice were put into their hands (ver. 24;) on which account their consecration itself is called "filling their hands." (ch. 28:41.) Rabbi Solomon gives a different reason for the ram being so called, from {malai,} to be full, complete; because the sacrifice completed the consecration, and thereupon the priests were fully invested in their office. Accordingly, the LXX. render it by [ ,] consummation. * See # Heb 7:28 Le 7:37 8:28-31 * Aaron's. # Le 7:32-34 10:14,15 De 18:3 * is an heave. # 27 Le 7:14,34 Nu 15:19,20 18:24,29 31:29,41 * sacrifice. # Le 3:1 7:11-38 * holy. # 28:3,4 * his. # Nu 20:26-28 * anointed. # 5-7 30:30 40:15 Le 8:7-12 Nu 18:8 35:25 * that son. Heb. he of his sons. # Nu 20:28 Heb 7:26 * seven days. # 35 12:15 Ge 8:10,12 Le 8:33-35 9:1,8 12:2,3 13:5 Jos 6:14,15 # Eze 43:26 Ac 20:6,7 * the ram. See on ver. # 27 * seethe his flesh. # Le 8:31 1Sa 2:13,15 Eze 46:20-24 * Aaron. # 24:9-11 Le 10:12-14 * and the bread. # 2,3,23 Mt 12:4 * eat those. # Le 10:13-18 Ps 22:26 Joh 6:53-55 1Co 11:24,26 * a stranger. # Le 22:10-13 Nu 1:51 3:10,38 16:40 18:4,7 * they are holy. # Nu 16:5 * flesh. # 22,26,28 * burn. # 12:10 16:19 Le 7:18,19 8:32 10:16 * thus shalt thou do. # 40:12-15 Le 8:4-36 * according. # 39:42,43 40:16 Joh 16:14 * seven days. # 30,37 40:12,13 Le 8:33-35 14:8-11 * every day. See on ver. # 10-14 Eze 43:25,27 48:18-20 Heb 10:11 * cleanse. # Le 16:16-19,27 Heb 9:22,23 * anoint it. # 30:26,28,29 40:9-11 Le 8:10,11 Nu 7:1 * and sanctify it. # 40:10 Da 9:24 * it shall be an. # 30:29 Mt 23:17,19 * two lambs. # Nu 28:3-8 1Ch 16:40 2Ch 2:4 13:11 31:3 Ezr 3:3 Da 9:21,27 # Da 12:11 Joh 1:29 Heb 7:27 1Pe 1:19 Re 5:9-12 * in the morning. # 2Ki 16:15 2Ch 13:11 Ps 5:3 55:16,17 Eze 46:13-15 Lu 1:10 # Ac 26:7 * at even. See on ver. # 41 * a tenth. # 16:36 Nu 15:4,9 28:5,13 * deal. {Deal} signifies a part, from the Anglo-Saxon {dæl,} a part, or portion, taken from the whole, from {dælan,} to divide. From Nu 28:5, we learn, that this tenth {deal} was the tenth part of an {ephah,} which constituted an {omer,} about three quarts English. * hin. # 30:24 Le 23:13 Nu 15:4 28:14 Eze 4:11 45:24 46:5,7,11,14 * a drink. # Ge 35:14 Le 23:13 Nu 6:15-17 15:5,7,10,24 28:10,14,15,24 # Nu 29:16 De 32:38 Isa 57:6 Eze 20:28 45:17 Joe 1:9,13 2:14 # Php 2:17 *Gr: * offer. # 1Ki 18:29,36 2Ki 16:15 Ezr 9:4,5 Ps 141:2 Eze 46:13-15 # Da 9:21 * a continual. # 38 30:8 Nu 28:6 Da 8:11-13 12:11 * where. # 25:22 30:6,36 Le 1:1 Nu 17:4 * the tabernacle. or, Israel. sanctified. # 40:34 1Ki 8:11 2Ch 5:14 7:1-3 Isa 6:1-3 60:1 Eze 43:5 # Hag 2:7-9 Mal 3:1 2Co 3:18 4:6 1Jo 3:2 Re 21:22,23 * sanctify also. # Le 21:15 22:9,16 Joh 10:36 Re 1:5,6 # 15:17 25:8 Le 26:12 Ps 68:18 Zec 2:10 Joh 14:17,20,23 # 2Co 6:16 Eph 2:22 Re 21:3 * that I am. See on ch. # 20:2 Jer 31:33 * them: I am. # Le 11:44 18:30 19:2 Eze 20:5 1 The altar of incense. 11 The ransom of souls. 17 The brazen laver. 22 The holy anointing oil. 34 The composition of the incense. * The Samaritan inserts the first ten verses of this chapter after ver. 32 of chap. 26. * an altar. # 7,8,10 37:25-28 40:5 Le 4:7,18 1Ki 6:20 2Ch 26:16 Re 8:3 * to burn incense. Where so many sacrifices were offered, it was essentially necessary to have some pleasing perfume to counteract the disagreeable smells that must have arisen from the slaughter of so many animals, the burning of so much flesh, the sprinkling of the blood. No blood was ever sprinkled on this altar, except once a year, on the grand day of expiation. It was called also the golden altar (Nu 4:11); and the incense was as constantly burnt on it every day, as the morning and evening sacrifice of a lamb was burnt on the brazen altar. * the horns. See on ch. # 27:2 * overlay it. # 25:11,24 * top. Heb. roof. sides. Heb. walls. * rings. # 25:12,14,27 26:29 27:4,7 * two corners. Heb. ribs. # 25:13,27 * vail. # 26:31-35 40:3,5,26 Mt 27:51 Heb 9:3,4 * before the mercy seat that is over the testimony. The words [ ] {liphney haccapporeth asher âl haaiduth,} "before the mercy-seat that is over the testimony," are thought to be a repetition of the preceding clause, [ ] {liphney happarocheth asher âl aron haaiduth,} "before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony; the word [ ,] {happarocheth,} "the vail," being corrupted, by transposing the letters into [ ,] {hacapporeth,} "the mercy-seat," and the word [ ,] {aron,} "ark," omitted. This repetition, as Dr. Kennicott observes, places the altar of incense before the mercy-seat, and consequently in the Holy of Holies! Now this could not be, as the altar of incense was attended every day, and the Holy of Holies entered only once in the year. The five words which appear to be a repetition are wanting in twenty-six of Kennicott's and Rossi's MSS. and in the Samaritan Text. # 25:21,22 Le 16:13 1Ch 28:11 Heb 4:16 9:5 * I will. # 36 29:42,43 Nu 17:4 * sweet incense. Heb. incense of spices. # 34-38 * dresseth. # 27:20,21 1Sa 2:28 3:3 1Ch 23:13 Lu 1:9 Ac 6:4 * lighteth. or, setteth up. Heb. causeth to ascend. at even. Heb. between the two evens. # 12:6 *marg: * a perpetual. # Ro 8:34 1Th 5:17 Heb 7:25 9:24 # Le 10:1 * Aaron. # 29:36,37 Le 16:18,29,30 23:27 Heb 1:3 9:7,22,23,25 * sin offering. # Le 16:5,6 # 11 * takest. # 38:25,26 Nu 1:2-5 26:2-4 2Sa 24:1 * their number. Heb. them that are to be numbered. a ransom. # Nu 31:50 2Ch 24:6 Job 33:24 36:18 Ps 49:7 Mt 20:28 Mr 10:45 # 1Ti 2:6 1Pe 1:18,19 * no plague. # 2Sa 24:2-15 1Ch 21:12,14 27:24 * a shekel is. # Le 27:25 Nu 3:47 Eze 45:12 * an half shekel. # 38:26 Mt 27:24 *Gr: * from twenty. # Nu 1:3,18,20 14:29 26:2 32:11 * rich. # Job 34:19 Pr 22:2 Eph 6:9 Col 3:25 * give more. Heb. multiply. give less than. Heb. diminish. an atonement. # 12 Le 17:11 Nu 31:50 2Sa 21:3 * appoint. # 38:25-31 Ne 10:32,33 * a memorial. See on ch. # 12:14 Nu 16:40 Lu 22:19 # 17 * a laver. # 31:9 38:8 Le 8:11 1Ki 7:23,38 2Ch 4:2,6,14,15 Zec 13:1 # Tit 3:5 *Gr: # 1Jo 1:7 * put it. # 40:7,30-32 # 40:31,32 Ps 26:6 Isa 52:11 Joh 13:8-10 1Co 6:9-11 Tit 3:5 # Heb 9:10 10:22 Re 1:5,6 * die not. # 12:15 Le 10:1-3 16:1,2 1Sa 6:19 1Ch 13:10 Ps 89:7 Ac 5:5,10 # Heb 12:28,29 * a statute. # 28:43 # 22 * thee principal. # 37:29 Ps 45:8 Pr 7:17 So 1:3,13 4:14 Jer 6:20 Eze 27:19,22 * pure myrrh. Myrrh is a white gum, issuing from the trunk and larger branches of a thorny tree resembling the acacia, growing in Arabia, Egypt, and Abyssinia. Its taste is extremely bitter; but its smell, though strong, is agreeable; and it entered into the composition of the most costly ointments among the ancients. The epithet {deror,} rendered pure, properly denotes fluid, from the Arabic {darra,} to flow; by which is meant the finest and most excellent kind, called {stacte,} which issues of itself from the bark without incision. * cinnamon. {Kinnamon bosem,} odoriferous or spicy cinnamon, is the bark of the canella, a small tree of the size of a willow growing in the island of Ceylon. * sweet calamus. {Kenaih bosem,} {calamus aromaticus,} or odoriferous cane, is a reed growing in Egypt, Syria, and India, about two feet in height, bearing from the root a knotted stalk, quite round, containing in its cavity a soft white pith. It is said to scent the air while growing; and when cut down, dried, and powdered, makes an ingredient in the richest perfumes. * cassia. # Ps 45:8 * the shekel. # Nu 3:47 Eze 45:12 * hin. # 29:40 Le 19:36 Nu 15:5 * apothecary. or, perfumer. # 1Ch 9:30 * an holy. # 37:29 Nu 35:25 Ps 89:20 133:2 Heb 1:9 # 40:9-15 Le 8:10-12 Nu 7:1,10 Isa 61:1 Ac 10:38 2Co 1:21,22 # 1Jo 2:20,27 # 27 # 28 * whatsoever. # 29:37 Le 6:18 Mt 23:17,19 * anoint. # 29:7-37 40:15 Le 8:12,30 Nu 3:3 * consecrate. See on ch. # 28:3 29:9,35 * an holy. # 37:29 Le 8:12 21:10 Ps 89:20 * man's. # Le 21:10 Mt 7:6 * it is. # 25,37,38 * compoundeth. # 38 Lu 12:1,2 Heb 10:26-29 * a stranger. # 29:33 * cut off. # 12:15,19 Ge 17:14 Le 7:20,21 17:4,9 19:8 23:29 Nu 9:13 * unto thee. # 23 25:6 37:29 * stacte. Heb. nataph. The Jews and others suppose it to be what was afterwards called the balm of Jericho, or Gilead. * onycha. The word {shechaileth} is generally allowed to denote onycha, (nail-fish, from its form,) as it is rendered by the LXX. and Vulgate. It is the shell of the purpura, and of the whole class of murex; and serves as the basis of the principal perfumes in India. * galbanum. {Chelbenah,} (probably from {chalay,} milk or gum, and {lavan,} white,) is the gummy, resinous juice of an umbelliferous plant, the {bubon gumniferum} of Linnæus, growing in Syria, Persia, and Africa. It rises with a ligneous stalk from eight to ten feet, and is garnished with leaves at every joint. The top of the stalk is terminated by an umbel of yellow flowers which are succeeded by oblong channelled seeds, which have a thin membrane or wing on their border. When any part of the plant is broken, there issues out a little thin juice, of a cream colour, of a fat, tough substance, like gum ammoniac, composed of many small, shining grains, of a strong, piercing smell and a sharp, warm taste. * frankincense. # Le 2:1,15 5:11 24:7 1Ch 9:29,30 Ne 13:5 So 3:6 Mt 2:11 * perfume. # Pr 27:9 So 1:3 3:6 Joh 12:3 * after the. # 25 * tempered. Heb. salted. # Le 2:13 * the testimony. See on ch. # 16:34 * where I will. # 6 25:22 29:42,43 Le 16:2 * ye shall. # 32,33 * it shall. # 29:37 Le 2:3 * be cut off. See on ver. # 33 1 Bezaleel and Aholiab are appointed and qualified for the work of the tabernacle. 12 The observation of the sabbath is again commanded. 18 Moses receives the two tables. # 1 * I have. # 33:12,17 35:30 36:1 Isa 45:3,4 Mr 3:16-19 Joh 3:27 * Bezaleel. # 37:1 1Ch 2:19,20 * filled. # 35:31 1Ki 3:9 7:14 Isa 28:6,26 1Co 12:4-11 * the spirit of God. {Ruach Elohim,} rather, "a spirit of God;" which is a usual Hebraism, signifying "an excellent spirit;" or, as we should now say, "a distinguished genius for the work he had to perform." No man, by course of reading or study, ever acquired a genius of any kind: we call it natural, and say it was born with the man: Moses teaches us to consider it divine. The prophet Isaiah, (ch. 28:24-29,) pointedly refers to this sort of teaching as coming from God, even in the most common and less difficult arts of life. Dark as the heathens were, yet they acknowledged that all talents and the seeds of all arts came from God. # 25:32-35 26:1 28:15 1Ki 7:14 2Ch 2:7,13,14 # 28:9-21 * I have given. # 4:14,15 6:26 Ezr 5:1,2 Ec 4:9-12 Mt 10:2-4 Lu 10:1 Ac 13:2 # Ac 15:39,40 * Aholiab. # 35:34 36:1 * wise hearted. # 28:3 35:10,25,26,35 36:1,8 1Ki 3:12 Pr 2:6,7 Jas 1:5,16,17 * that they. # 37:1-38:31 Nu 4:1-49 1Ki 6:1-8:66 2Ch 3:1-4:22 Eze 43:1-48:35 * tabernacle. # 26:1-37 27:9-19 36:8-38 * ark. # 25:10-22 37:1-9 * furniture. Heb. vessels. * the table. # 25:23-30 37:10-16 * pure candlestick. # 25:31-40 37:17-24 * the altar. # 30:1-10 37:25-28 * the altar. # 27:1-8 38:1-7 * the laver. # 30:18-21 38:8 40:11 # 28:1-43 39:1-43 Le 8:7,8,13 Nu 4:5-14 * the anointing. # 30:23-33 37:29 * sweet incense. # 30:34-38 # 12 * Verily. See on ch. # 20:8-11 Le 19:3,30 23:3 25:2 26:2 * a sign. # 17 Ne 9:14 Eze 20:12,20 44:24 * that ye may. # Le 20:8 21:8 Eze 37:28 Joh 17:17,19 1Th 5:23 Jude 1:1 * keep. # 20:8 De 5:12-15 Ne 9:14 Isa 56:2-6 58:13,14 Eze 20:12 44:24 * everyone. # Isa 56:2,6 Eze 20:13,16,21,24 * doeth. # 35:2,3 Nu 15:35 * Six days. # 17 16:26 20:9 34:21 Le 23:3 Eze 46:1 Lu 13:14 * the sabbath. # 16:23 20:10 Ge 2:2 Le 23:3,32 Lu 23:56 Heb 4:9 *Gr: * holy. Heb. holiness. whosoever. # Nu 15:32-36 Jer 17:24-27 * a perpetual covenant. # Ge 9:13 17:11 Jer 50:5 * a sign. # 13 Eze 20:12,20 * six days. # Ge 1:31 2:2,3 Heb 4:3,4,10 * and was refreshed. God, in condescension to human weakness, applies to himself here what belongs to man; though it may refer to the delight and satisfaction with which he contemplated the completion of all his works, and pronounced them very good. # Ge 1:31 Job 38:7 Ps 104:31 Jer 32:41 * gave. # 24:12,18 32:15,16 34:1-4,28,29 De 4:13 5:22 9:9-11 2Co 3:3 * the finger. # 8:19 32:16 Jer 31:33 Mt 12:28 Lu 11:20 2Co 3:7,8 1 The people, in the absence of Moses, cause Aaron to make a calf. 7 God informs Moses, who intercedes for Israel, and prevails. 15 Moses comes down with the tables. 19 He breaks them. 20 He destroys the calf. 22 Aaron's excuse for himself. 25 Moses causes the idolaters to be slain. 30 He prays for the people. * A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Ab. delayed. # 24:18 De 9:9 Mt 24:43 2Pe 3:4 * Up. # Ge 19:14 44:4 Jos 7:13 * make. # 20:3-5 De 4:15-18 Ac 7:40 17:29 19:26 * which shall. # 13:21 33:3,14,15 * the man. # 7,11 14:11 16:3 Ho 12:13 Mic 6:4 * we wot. # Ge 21:26 39:8 44:15 Mt 24:48 2Pe 3:4 # 12:35,36 Ge 24:22,47 Jud 8:24-27 Eze 16:11,12,17 Ho 2:8 # Jud 17:3,4 Isa 40:19,20 46:6 Jer 10:9 * fashioned. # 20:23 De 9:16 Ps 106:19-21 Isa 44:9,10 46:6 Ac 7:41 17:29 * a graving. # 28:9,11 * calf. # 1Ki 12:28,32 2Ki 10:29 2Ch 11:15 13:8 Ho 8:4,5 10:5 13:2 * These. # 8 Jud 17:3,4 Ne 9:18 Isa 40:18,19 Ro 1:21-23 * which brought. # 1,8 20:2 * Aaron. # 1Sa 14:35 2Ki 16:11 Ho 8:11,14 * made proclamation. # Le 23:2,4,21,37 1Ki 21:9 2Ki 10:20 2Ch 30:5 * a feast. # 4 10:9 12:14 1Ki 12:32,33 1Co 5:8 * offered. # 24:4,5 * sat down. No doubt at this feast they sacrificed after the manner of the Egyptians. # Nu 25:2 Jud 16:23-25 Am 2:8 8:10 Ac 7:41,42 1Co 10:7 Re 11:10 * Go. # 19:24 33:1 De 9:12 Da 9:24 * thy people. # 1,11 * corrupted. # Ge 6:11,12 De 4:16 32:5 Jud 2:19 Ho 9:9 * have turned. # De 9:16 Jud 2:17 * which I. # 20:3,4,23 * These be. # 4 1Ki 12:28 * I have seen. # De 9:13 Jer 13:27 Ho 6:10 * a stiff-necked. # 33:3,5 34:9 De 9:6,13 10:16 31:27 2Ch 30:8 Ne 9:17 Ps 78:8 # Pr 29:1 Isa 48:4 Zec 7:11,12 Ac 7:51 * let me alone. # Ge 18:32,33 32:26-28 Nu 14:19,20 16:22,45-48 De 9:14,19 # Jer 14:11 15:1 Jas 5:16 * my wrath. # 11,19 22:24 * and I will. # Nu 14:12 De 9:14,19 * besought. # De 9:18-20,26-29 Ps 106:23 * the Lord his God. Heb. the face of the Lord. why doth. # Nu 11:11 16:22 De 9:18-20 Ps 74:1,2 Isa 63:17 Jer 12:1,2 * which thou. # 7 * should. # Nu 14:13-16 De 9:28 32:26,27 Jos 7:9 Ps 74:18 79:9,10 # Eze 20:9,14,22 * Turn from. # De 13:17 Jos 7:26 Ezr 10:14 Ps 78:38 85:3 * repent. # 14 Ge 6:6 De 32:36 Ps 90:13 106:45 Am 7:3,6 Jon 3:9 Zec 8:14 * Remember. # Le 26:42 De 7:8 9:27 Lu 1:54,55 * to whom. # Ge 22:16 26:3,4 Heb 6:13 * I will multiply. # Ge 12:2,7 13:15,16 15:5,7,18 26:4 28:13,14 35:11,12 48:16 # De 32:26 2Sa 24:16 1Ch 21:15 Ps 106:45 Jer 18:8 26:13,19 # Joe 2:13 Jon 3:10 4:2 * turned. # 24:18 De 9:15 * the testimony. # 16:34 40:20 De 5:22 Ps 19:7 * written. # Re 5:1 # 31:18 34:1,4 De 9:9-11,15 10:1 2Co 3:3,7 Heb 8:10 Joshua had waited patiently during all the forty days, in the place where Moses had left him--below the summit of the mount, at a distance from the people, and out of the way of temptation. * Joshua. # 17:9 24:13 * they shouted. # 18 Ezr 3:11-13 Ps 47:1 * There is a noise. # Jos 6:5,10,16,20 Jud 15:14 1Sa 4:5,6 17:20,52 Job 39:25 # Jer 51:14 Am 1:14 2:2 * being overcome. Heb. weakness. but the. # 15:1-18 Da 5:4,23 * he saw. # 4-6 De 9:16,17 * the dancing. # 15:20 2Sa 6:14 La 5:15 * anger. # 11 Nu 12:3 Mt 5:22 Mr 3:5 10:14 Eph 4:26 * brake them. # De 9:17 27:26 Jer 31:32 Zec 11:10,11,14 * took the calf. How truly contemptible must the object of their idolatry appear, when they were obliged to drink their god, reduced to powder, and strewed on the water! Some have asked, how gold, the most ductile and ponderous of all metals, could have been stamped into dust, and strewed on the water. In De 9:21, this is fully explained. I took, says Moses, your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire; that is, melted it down, probably into ingots or gross plates, and stamped it, beat it into thin laminæ, something like our gold leaf, and ground it very small, even until it was as small as dust, which might be very easily done by the action of the hands, when beat into thin plates or leaves as the original words {ekkoth,} and {dak,} imply. # De 7:5,25 9:21 2Ki 23:6,15 * made the. # Pr 1:31 14:14 # Ge 20:9 26:10 De 13:6-8 1Sa 26:19 Jos 7:19-26 1Ki 14:16 21:22 # 2Ki 21:9-11 * knowest. # 14:11 15:24 16:2-4,20,28 17:2-4 De 9:7,24 * that they are. # De 31:27 1Sa 15:24 Ps 36:4 Pr 4:16 * See on ver. # 1-4,8 * So they. # 4 Ge 3:12,13 Lu 10:29 Ro 3:10 * naked. The term naked may mean either that they were unarmed and defenceless, or ashamed from the consciousness of guilt. # 33:4-6 Ge 3:10 Isa 47:3 Ho 2:3 Mic 1:11 Re 3:17,18 16:15 * Aaron. # De 9:20 2Ch 28:19 * shame. # Eze 16:63 Da 12:2 Ro 6:21 * their enemies. Heb. those that rose up against them. * Who is on. # Jos 5:13 2Sa 20:11 2Ki 9:32 Mt 12:30 * slay every man. # 26,29 Nu 25:5,7-12 De 33:8,9 Lu 14:26 2Co 5:16 * children. # De 33:9 Mal 2:4-6 * there fell. # Nu 16:32-35,41 1Co 10:8 Heb 2:2,3 Or, another reading of this verse is: And Moses said, Consecrate yourselves to-day to the Lord; because every man hath been against his son and against his brother, etc. * Moses. # Nu 25:11-13 De 13:6-11 33:9,10 1Sa 15:18-22 Pr 21:3 # Joe 2:12-14 Zec 13:3 Mt 10:37 * Consecrate. Heb. fill your hands. * Ye have. # 31 1Sa 2:17 12:20,23 2Sa 12:9 2Ki 17:21 Lu 7:47 15:18 * peradventure. # 2Sa 16:12 Am 5:15 Jon 3:9 2Ti 2:25 * an atonement. # 32 Nu 16:47 25:13 Job 42:7,8 Ro 9:3 Ga 3:13 Jas 5:16 * returned. # 34:28 De 9:18,19 * sinned. # 30 Ezr 9:6,7,15 Ne 9:33 Da 9:5,8,11 * made. # 20:4,23 * if thou. # Nu 14:19 Da 9:18,19 Am 7:2 Lu 23:34 * blot me. Allusion may be made to the registry of births, in which those born of a particular tribe were entered in the list of their respective families under that tribe. This was the book of life; and when any died, his name might be considered as blotted out of this list. But as Moses addressed the Lord, he undoubtedly referred, by faith, to the book of God's remembrance. # 10 De 9:14 25:19 29:20 Ps 56:8 69:28 139:16 Eze 13:9 # Da 12:1 Ro 9:3 Php 4:3 Re 3:5 17:8 21:27 22:19 * sinned. # Le 23:30 Ps 69:28 Eze 18:4 * my book. # Ps 109:13,14 Php 4:3 Re 13:8 20:12 * mine Angel. # 23:20 33:2,14,15 Nu 20:16 Isa 63:9 * the day. # 20:5 Nu 14:27-30 De 32:35 Jer 5:9,29 Am 3:14 Mt 23:35 # Ro 2:4-6 # 25 2Sa 12:9,10 Mt 27:3-7 Ac 1:18 7:41 1 The Lord refuses to go as he had promised with the people. 4 The people mourn thereat. 7 The tabernacle is removed out of the camp. 9 The Lord talks familiarly with Moses. 12 Moses prevails with God, and desires to see his glory. * Depart. # 32:34 * thou hast. # 17:3 32:1,7 * the land. # 32:13 Ge 22:16-18 26:3 28:13-15 * Unto. # Ge 12:7 13:14-17 15:18 * an angel. # 23:20 32:34 34:11 * the Canaanite. See on ch. # 3:8,17 De 7:22 Jos 24:11 * a land. # 3:8 13:5 Le 20:24 Nu 13:27 14:8 16:13 Jos 5:6 Jer 11:5 * for I. # 15-17 32:10,14 Nu 14:12 De 32:26,27 1Sa 2:30 Jer 18:7-10 # Eze 3:18,19 33:13-16 Jon 3:4,10 * stiff-necked. # 32:9 34:9 De 9:6-13 Ps 78:8 Ac 7:51 * lest I. # 23:21 32:10 Nu 16:21,45 Am 3:13,14 * they mourned. # Nu 14:1,39 Ho 7:14 Zec 7:3,5 * and no. # Le 10:6 2Sa 19:24 1Ki 21:27 2Ki 19:1 Ezr 9:3 Es 4:1-4 # Job 1:20 2:12 Isa 32:11 Eze 24:17,23 26:16 Jon 3:6 * Ye are. # 3 Nu 16:45,46 * in a moment. # Nu 16:21,45 Job 34:20 Ps 73:19 La 4:6 * put off. # Isa 22:12 * I may. # Ge 18:21 22:12 De 8:2 Ps 139:23 # 4 32:3 Jer 2:19 * the tabernacle. {Eth haohel,} the Tent, not {eth hammishcan,} the Tabernacle, for this was not erected; but probably the tent of Moses, which was before in the midst of the camp, and to which the people came for judgment; and where, no doubt, God frequently met his servant. This situation, as well as the superior elegance, of a chief's tent, was one mode by which he was honoured. * afar off. # Ps 10:1 35:22 Pr 15:29 Isa 59:2 Ho 9:12 * the Tabernacle of. See on ch. # 29:42,43 * sought. # De 4:29 2Sa 21:1 Ps 27:8 Isa 55:6,7 Mt 7:7,8 * went out. # Heb 13:11-13 * and stood. # Nu 16:27 * cloudy. # 13:21,22 Ps 99:7 * talked. # 11 25:22 31:18 34:3,9 Ge 17:22 18:33 Nu 11:17 Eze 3:22 * worshipped. # 4:31 1Ki 8:14,22 Lu 18:13 * spake. # 9 Ge 32:30 Nu 12:8 De 5:4 34:10 * his friend. # 2Ch 20:7 Job 16:21 Isa 42:8 Joh 3:29 11:11 15:14,15 Jas 2:23 * his servant. # 17:9 24:13 32:17 * See. # 1 32:34 * I know. # 17 Ge 18:19 Ps 1:6 Isa 43:1 Jer 1:5 Joh 10:14,15 2Ti 2:19 * if. # 17 34:9 * shew. # Ps 25:4 27:11 86:11 119:33 So 1:7,8 Isa 30:21 * that I. # 18 Joh 17:3 Eph 1:17 Col 1:10 2Pe 3:18 * consider. # 32:7 De 9:26,29 Isa 63:17,19 Joe 2:17 Ro 11:28 * My presence. # 13:21 Jos 1:5 Isa 63:9 Mt 28:20 * rest. # De 3:20 Jos 21:44 22:4 23:1 Ps 95:11 Jer 6:16 Mt 11:28 # Heb 4:8,9 # 3 34:9 Ps 4:6 * in that. # Nu 14:14 Mt 1:23 * separated. # 8:22 19:5,6 34:10 Nu 23:9 De 4:7,34 2Sa 7:23 1Ki 8:53 # Ps 147:20 2Co 6:17 * I will do. # Ge 18:32 19:21 Isa 65:24 Joh 16:23 Jas 5:16 1Jo 5:14,15 * thou hast. # 12 Ge 6:8 19:19,21 # 20 Ps 4:6 Joh 1:18 2Co 3:18 4:6 1Ti 6:16 Tit 2:13 Re 21:23 * all my goodness. # Ne 9:25 Ps 25:13 *marg: # Ps 65:4 Jer 31:12,14 Zec 9:17 Ro 2:4 Eph 1:6-8 * proclaim. # 3:13-15 34:5-7 Isa 7:14 9:6 12:4 * I will be. # Ro 9:15-18,23 * Thou canst not. This is well explained by Rabbi Jehudah, in Sepher Cosri, (P. iv. 3.) "Of that divine glory mentioned in the Scripture, there is one degree which the eyes of the prophets were able to explore; another which all the Israelites saw, as the cloud and consuming fire; the third is so bright, and so dazzling, that no mortal is able to comprehend it; but should anyone venture to look on it, his whole frame would be dissolved." In such inconceivable splendour is the Divine Majesty revealed to the inhabitants of the celestial world, where he is said to "dwell in the light which no man can approach unto." (1 Ti 6:16.) By the "face of God," therefore, we are to understand that light inaccessible before which angels may stand, but which would be so insufferable to mortal eyes, that no man could see it and live. # 24:10 Ge 32:30 De 5:24 Jud 6:22 13:22 Isa 6:5 Joh 1:18 # 1Ti 6:16 Heb 1:13 Re 1:16,17 * place by. # De 5:31 Jos 20:4 Isa 56:5 Zec 3:7 Lu 15:1 * in a clift. # Ps 18:2 So 2:3 Isa 2:21 32:2 1Co 10:4 2Co 5:19 * cover thee. # De 33:12 Ps 91:1,4 The rock on which Moses stood, and in the clift of which he was sheltered, was doubtless an emblem of Christ; in whose person, character, and salvation alone, sinners may by faith see the glory of God, and live; for there it appears in softened splendour; as the sun, when his brightness is diminished by a mist, is beheld more distinctly by the human eye.--Scott * thou shalt. # 20 Job 11:7 26:14 Joh 1:18 1Co 13:12 1Ti 6:16 1 The tables are renewed. 5 The name of the LORD proclaimed. 8 Moses entreats God to go with them. 10 God makes a covenant with them, repeating certain duties of the first table. 28 Moses, after forty days in the mount, comes down with the tables. 29 His face shines, and he covers it with a vail. * Hew. See on ch. # 31:18 32:16,19 De 10:1 * I will. # 28 De 10:1-4 * the words. # Ps 119:89 * which. # 32:19 De 9:15-17 * in the top. # 19:20,24 24:12 De 9:25 # 19:12,13,21 Le 16:17 1Ti 2:5 Heb 12:20 # 4 * descended. # 19:18 33:9 Nu 11:17,25 1Ki 8:10-12 Lu 9:34,35 * the name. # 33:19 Nu 14:17 De 32:3 Ps 102:21 Pr 18:10 Isa 1:10 * passed. # 33:20-23 1Ki 19:11 * proclaimed. # Nu 14:17-19 Isa 12:4 * The Lord. # 3:13-16 * merciful. # De 5:10 2Ch 30:9 Ne 9:17 Ps 86:5,15 103:8-13 111:4 112:4 # Ps 116:5 145:8 Joe 2:13 Jon 4:2 Ro 2:4 * abundant. # Ps 31:19 Mic 7:18 Ro 2:4 5:20,21 Eph 1:7,8 * truth. # Ps 57:10 91:4 108:4 111:8 138:2 146:6 La 3:23 Mic 7:20 # Joh 1:17 * Keeping. # 20:6 De 5:10 Ne 1:5 9:32 Ps 86:15 Jer 32:18 Da 9:4 * forgiving. # Ps 103:3 130:4 Da 9:9 Mic 7:18 Mt 6:14,15 12:31 18:32-35 # Lu 7:42,48 Ac 5:31 13:38 Ro 4:7,8 Eph 1:7 4:32 1Jo 1:9 * that will by no means clear the guilty. The Hebrew {nakkeh lo yenakkeh,} has been rendered "Acquitting him who is not innocent." Nothing can more strongly express the goodness of God to frail mortals than this declaration, "which has been misunderstood and misinterpreted by all our translators." # 23:7,21 Nu 14:18-23 De 32:35 Jos 24:19 Job 10:14 Ps 9:16,17 # Ps 11:5,6 58:10,11 136:10,15 Isa 45:21 Mic 6:11 Na 1:2,3,6 # Ro 2:4-9 3:19-26 9:22,23 Heb 12:29 Re 20:15 21:8 * visiting. See on ch. # 20:5,6 # 4:31 Ge 17:3 2Ch 20:18 * If now. # 33:13,17 * let my Lord. See on ch. # 33:14-16 Mt 28:20 * stiff-necked. See on ch. # 32:9 33:3-5 Isa 48:4 * pardon. # Nu 14:19 Ps 25:11 * take us. # 19:5 De 32:9 Ps 28:9 33:12 78:62 94:14 135:4 Jer 10:16 # Zec 2:12 * I make. # 24:7,8 De 4:13 5:2,3 29:12-14 * I will do marvels. # De 4:32-37 32:30 Jos 6:20 10:12,13 2Sa 7:23 Ps 77:14 78:12 # Ps 147:20 * a terrible. # De 10:21 Ps 65:5 66:3,5 68:35 76:12 106:22 145:6 Isa 64:3 # Jer 32:21 * Observe. # De 4:1,2,40 5:32 6:3,25 12:28,32 28:1 Mt 28:20 Joh 14:21 * I drive. See on ch. # 3:8,17 33:2 Ge 15:18-21 De 7:1,19 9:4,5 * Take heed. # 23:32,33 De 7:2 Jud 2:2 * lest. # De 7:16 Jos 23:12,13 Jud 2:3 8:27 Ps 106:36 * ye shall. # 23:24 De 7:5,25,26 12:2,3 Jud 2:2 6:25 2Ki 18:4 23:14 # 2Ch 31:1 34:3,4 * images. Heb. statutes. * worship. # 20:3-5 De 5:7 Mt 4:10 * whose. # 5-7 33:19 Isa 9:6 57:15 * jealous God. # 20:5 De 5:24 6:15 29:20 32:16,21 Jos 24:19 Na 1:2 1Co 10:22 * make. # 10,12 23:32 De 7:2 * whoring. # Le 17:7 20:5,6 Nu 15:39 De 31:16 Jud 2:17 Ps 73:27 Jer 3:9 # Ezr 6:9 Ho 4:12 9:1 Re 17:1-5 * call thee. # Nu 25:2 1Co 10:27 * eat. # Ps 106:28 1Co 8:4,7,10 10:20,21 Re 2:20 # Nu 25:1,2 De 7:3,4 1Ki 11:2-4 Ezr 9:2 Ne 13:23,25 2Co 6:14-17 # 32:8 Le 19:4 Isa 46:6,7 Jer 10:14 Ac 17:29 19:26 # 12:15-20 13:4,6,7 23:15 Le 23:6 De 16:1-4 Mr 14:1 Lu 22:1 # Ac 12:3 * openeth. # 13:2,12 22:29 Nu 18:15-17 Eze 44:30 Lu 2:23 * firstling. # 13:10 Nu 18:15 * lamb. or, kid. All the. # 13:15 Nu 3:45-51 * none. # 23:15 De 16:16 1Sa 9:7,8 2Sa 24:24 * Six. # 20:9-11 23:12 35:2 De 5:12-15 Lu 13:14 23:56 * earing. # Ge 45:6 De 21:4 1Sa 8:12 Isa 30:24 * feast of weeks. # 23:16 Nu 28:16-31 29:12-39 De 16:10-15 Joh 7:2 Ac 2:1 * year's end. Heb. revolution of the year. * Thrice. # 23:14,17 De 16:16 Ps 84:7 * the God. # Ge 32:28 33:20 * I will. # 11 23:27-30 33:2 Le 18:24 De 7:1 Ps 78:55 80:8 * enlarge. # 23:31 De 12:20 19:8 1Ch 4:10 * desire. # Ge 35:5 2Ch 17:10 Job 1:10 Pr 16:7 Ac 18:10 * leaven. # 12:20 23:18 De 16:3 1Co 5:7,8 * be left. # 12:10 23:18 29:34 Le 7:15 Nu 9:12 * first. # 23:19 De 26:2,10 Pr 3:9,10 Mt 6:33 1Co 15:20 Jas 1:18 * seethe. # 23:19 De 14:21 * Write. # 17:14 24:4,7 De 31:9 * I have. See on ver. # 10 De 4:13 31:9 * forty days. See on ch. # 24:18 De 9:9,18,25 * he wrote. # 1 31:18 32:16 De 4:13 10:2-4 2Co 3:7 * commandments. Heb. words. * A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Elul. Two tables. See on ch. # 32:15 * wist. # 16:15 Jos 2:4 8:14 Jud 16:20 Mr 9:6 14:40 Lu 2:49 Joh 5:13 # Ac 12:9 23:5 * the skin. # Mt 17:2 Lu 9:29 Ac 6:15 2Co 3:7-9,13 Re 1:16 10:1 * face shone. As the original word {karan,} signifies to shine out, or dart forth, as horns on the head of an animal, or rays of light reflected from a polished surface, we may suppose that the heavenly glory which filled the soul of this holy man, darted out from his face in coruscations, in the manner in which light is generally represented. The Vulgate renders it, {et ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies sua,} "and he did not know that his face was horned;" which version, misunderstood, has induced painters to represent Moses with two very large horns, one proceeding from each temple! * afraid. # Nu 12:8 Mr 9:3,15 Lu 5:8 * called. # 3:15 24:1-3 * and Moses talked. # Ge 45:3,15 * he gave. # 21:1 Nu 15:40 1Ki 22:14 Mt 28:20 1Co 11:23 15:3 * a vail. # Ro 10:4 2Co 3:13-18 4:4-6 * he took. # 2Co 3:16 Heb 4:16 10:19-22 # 29,30 Ec 8:1 Da 12:3 Mt 5:16 13:43 Joh 5:35 Php 2:15 1 The sabbath. 4 The free gifts for the tabernacle. 20 The readiness of the people to offer. 30 Bezaleel and Aholiab are called to the work. * These. # 25:1-40 31:1-11 34:32 * do them. # Mt 7:21-27 Ro 2:13 Jas 1:22 * Six days. # 20:9,10 23:12 31:13-16 34:21 Le 23:3 De 5:12-15 Lu 13:14 * an holy day. Heb. holiness. whosoever. # Nu 15:32-36 De 5:12-14 Lu 13:14,15 Joh 5:16 Heb 2:2,3 # Heb 10:28,29 # 12:16 16:23 Nu 15:32-36 Isa 58:13 * This is. # 25:1,2 * whosoever. See on ch. # 25:2-7 Jud 5:9 Ps 110:3 Mr 12:41-44 2Co 8:11,12 9:7 * blue. See on ch. # 26:1,31,36 28:5,6,15,33 * goats' hair. See on ch. # 26:7-14 # 7 * And oil. See on ch. # 27:20 * spices. # 25:1-40 30:23,28 # 25:5 28:9,17-21 39:6-14 # 31:1-6 36:1-4 * tabernacle. See on ch. # 26:1,2-37 31:7-9 36:8-34 * taches. {Keraism,} from {karas,} to bend, so called from their curved form; hooks, clasps, or any thing used for the purpose of fastening: the word taches is formed by aphæresis from the French attacher, to fasten. They were equivalent, perhaps, to our hooks-and-eyes. * ark. See on ch. # 25:10-22 37:1-9 * the vail. See on ch. # 26:7,31-33 36:35,36 # 25:23-30 37:10-16 Le 24:5,6 * candlestick. {Menorah,} rather, a chandelier, which was of pure gold, and is described as having one shaft, with six branches proceeding from it, adorned at equal distances with six flowers, like lilies, with as many bowls and knops placed alternately. * See on ch. # 25:31-39 37:17-24 Ps 148:3 Mt 5:14,15 * the incense. # 30:1-10,22-38 37:25-28 Ps 141:2 * the hanging. # 26:36,37 36:37,38 * The altar. # 27:1-8 38:1-7 * the laver. # 30:18-21 38:8 * The hangings. See on ch. # 27:9-19 38:9-20 2Sa 7:2 * The pins. These, as Dr. Wall observes, were not particularly mentioned. Josephus says, that to every board of the tabernacle, and to every pillar of the hangings of the court, there were ropes or cords, fastened at the top of the board or pillar, and that the other end of the rope was fastened to a [ ,] a nail, or pin, which, at a good distance off, was driven into the ground up to the head, a cubit deep. This was to keep the tabernacle from being blown down by the wind. Dr. Shaw, describing the tents of the Bedouins, says, "These tents are kept firm and steady by bracing or stretching down their eaves with cords tied to wooden hooked pins, well pointed, which they drive into the ground with a mallet; one of these pins answering to the nail, as the mallet does to the hammer, which Jael used in fastening to the ground the temples of Sisera." (Jud 4:21.) # 27:19 * The cloths. See on ch. # 31:10 39:1,41 Nu 4:5-15 * the holy. See on ch. # 28:1-43 39:1-31 # 20 # 5,22,26,29 25:2 36:2 Jud 5:3,9,12 2Sa 7:27 1Ch 28:2,9 # 1Ch 29:3,5,6,9,14,17,18 Ezr 1:5,6 7:27 Ps 110:3 Jer 30:21 # Pr 4:23 Mt 12:34 2Co 8:12 9:7 * bracelets. {Chach,} either a hook or clasp to join garments together; {fibula,} as Montanus renders; or bracelets, which are hooked or clasped together; so Vulgate, {armillas.} # 32:3 Nu 31:50 Isa 3:19 Eze 16:11 * tablets. {Kumoz,} as Bochart thinks, a kind of girdle, swathe, or zone. * every man. # 1Ch 29:6,7 2Ch 24:9-14 Ezr 2:68,69 Ne 7:70-72 Isa 60:9,13 # Mt 2:11 Mr 12:41-44 * See on ver. # 6-10 25:2-7 1Ch 29:8 * whom. # 2Co 8:12 # 28:3 31:6 36:1 2Ki 23:7 Pr 14:1 31:19-24 Lu 8:2,3 Ac 9:39 # Ro 16:1-4,6,12 Ga 3:28 Php 4:3 # 21,29 36:8 # 9 1Ch 29:6 Ezr 2:68 # 8 30:23-38 * whose heart. # 21,22 1Ch 29:3,6,9,10,14,17 Jud 5:2,9 1Co 9:17 2Co 9:7 * the Lord. # 4 De 4:2 11:32 12:32 Isa 8:20 Mt 28:20 1Co 3:5 Ga 6:16 # 2Pe 1:19 2Ti 3:15-17 * See. # 31:2-6 1Ki 7:13,14 Isa 28:26 1Co 3:10 12:4,11 Jas 1:17 * And he. # Isa 11:2-5 28:26 61:1-3 1Co 12:4-10 Col 2:3 Jas 1:17 * wisdom. {Chochmah,} (from {chacham,} to be wise, skilful, prudent,) wisdom, denoting the compass of mind and strength of capacity necessary to form a wise man; hence our word wisdom is the power of judging what is wise, or best to be done; from the Saxon {wisedom,} the doom or judgment of the well taught, wise, or prudent man, from {wisan,} to teach, advise, and {deman,} to judge. * understanding. {Tevoonah,} (from {boon,} to separate, distinguish, discern,) understanding, discernment, capacity to comprehend the different parts of a work, how to connect, arrange, etc., in order to make a complete whole. * knowledge. {Daâth,} (from {yadâ,} to know, be acquainted with,) knowledge, or a particular acquaintance with a person or thing, practical, experimental knowledge. # 32 # 33 * he hath. # Ezr 7:10,27 Ne 2:12 Jas 1:16,17 * Aholiab. # 31:6 2Ch 2:14 Isa 28:24-29 1Co 1:5-7 12:7 * he filled. # 31 31:3,6 1Ki 3:12 7:14 2Ch 2:14 Isa 28:26 * the cunning. # 26:1 Ac 19:6,8 1Co 1:5,7 12:4,8,12 Ga 3:2,5 1Ti 3:15 4:16 # 2Ti 2:15 * of the weaver. # Job 7:6 Isa 38:12 1 The offerings are delivered to the workmen. 4 The liberality of the people is restrained. 8 The curtains with cherubims. 14 The curtains of goats' hair. 19 The covering of skins. 20 The boards with their sockets. 31 The bars. 35 The vail. 37 The hanging for the door. * An. Ex. Is. 1. Tisri to Adar. Bezaleel. See on ch. # 31:1-6 35:30-35 * wise-hearted man. # 28:3 31:6 * for the service. # 3,4 25:8 Nu 7:9 Heb 8:2 * according. # 23:21,22 39:1-43 40:1-38 Ps 119:6 Mt 28:20 Lu 1:6 * in whose. # 28:3 31:6 35:10,21-35 Ac 6:3,4 14:23 Col 4:17 Heb 5:4 * one whose. # 35:2,21,25,26 1Ch 29:5 * the offering. # 35:5-21,27,29 * every morning. # Ps 5:3 101:8 Pr 8:15 Isa 50:4 Jer 21:12 # 2Ch 24:13 Mt 24:45 Lu 12:42 1Co 3:10 # 32:3 2Ch 24:14 31:6-10 2Co 8:2,3 Php 2:21 4:17,18 When God puts grace into the heart, the hands will be diligently employed in every good work. * gave commandment. # 35:21-29 38:8 Ge 14:21 28:22 45:18-20 Le 26:10 Nu 7:1-88 # Nu 31:48-54 2Sa 8:10,11 2Ch 31:10 Pr 11:25 Mal 3:10 Lu 5:6,7 # Lu 6:38 12:16,17 Joh 21:6-11 * proclaimed. # 2Ch 30:5 36:22 Ezr 1:1 *marg: # Ezr 10:7 Ne 8:15 * restrained. # Ge 8:2 Eze 31:15 * and too much. # 2Ch 31:10 * wise. # 31:6 35:10 * made. See on ch. # 26:1-37 1Ch 15:1 * cherubims. {Keroovim,} cherubim, not cherubims. What these were we cannot determine. Some, observing that the verb {kerav} in Syriac, sometimes means to resemble, make like, conceive the noun {keroov} signifies no more than an image, figure, or representation of anything. Josephus says they were flying animals, like none of those which are seen by man, but such as Moses saw about the throne of God. In another place he says, "As for the cherubim, nobody can tell or conceive what they were like." These symbolical figures, according to the description of them by Ezekiel, (ch. 1:10; 10:14,) were creatures with four heads and one body; and the animals of which these forms consisted were the noblest of their kind; the lion among the wild beasts; the bull among the tame ones; the eagle among the birds, and man at the head of all. Hence some have conceived them to be somewhat of the shape of flying oxen; and it is alleged in favour of this opinion, that the far more common meaning of the verb {kerav,} in Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic, being to plough, the natural meaning of {keroov,} is a creature used in ploughing. This seems to have been the ancient opinion which tradition had handed down, concerning the shape of the cherubim with the flaming sword, that guarded the tree of life. (Ge 3:24.) * See on ch. # 25:18,22 1Ki 6:23 2Ch 3:10 Eze 1:5-28 10:1-19 # 9 # 26:3 Ps 122:3 133:1 Zep 3:9 Ac 2:1 1Co 1:10 12:20,27 Eph 1:23 # Eph 2:21,22 4:2-6 Php 2:2 3:15 # 26:4 # 26:5,10 * so it became. # 1Co 12:20 Eph 2:20-22 1Pe 2:4,5 * See on ch. # 26:7-13 # 15 # 16 # 17 # 18 * covering. See on ch. # 26:14 * rams' skins dyed red. This was the third covering of the tabernacle. The first and lowermost was made of fine linen, richly embroidered with figures of cherubim, in shades of blue, purple, and scarlet (ver. 8-13). It is reasonable to suppose, that the right side of this curtain was undermost, and so it formed a beautiful ceiling in the inside of the tabernacle. The second covering, which lay over the embroidered one, was made of a sort of mohair, (ver. 14-17,) and the fourth, or uppermost one, which was to keep the others from the weather, was made of {tachash,} or badgers' skins. # 25:5 * boards. See on ch. # 26:15-25 40:18,19 * shittim wood. # 25:5,10 Nu 25:1 De 10:3 * The length. Each of these boards, taking the cubit at nearly twenty-two inches, was about eighteen feet long, and two feet nine inches broad. As these boards are said to be standing up (ver. 20,) their length was consequently the height of the tabernacle; and as the two sides were composed of twenty of these, standing up (ver. 23, 25,) and the west end of six, with two boards to project at the corners, (ver. 27, 28,) the tabernacle must therefore, have been thirty cubits, or fifty-five feet long, and about ten cubits, or eighteen feet broad. These boards were fastened at the bottom by two tenons in each board, which fitted into two mortices in the foundation, at the top by links or hasps, and on the sides by five wooden bars, which ran through rings or staples in each of the boards. The boards and bars were all overlaid with gold; and their rings for the staves, and their hasps at top, were of the same metal. The foundation on which they stood consisted of about ninety-six solid blocks of silver, two under each board, about eighteen inches long, and of a suitable thickness; and each weighing a talent, or about a hundred weight. Four blocks of silver formed the bases of the columns which supported the curtain that divided the inside of the tabernacle into two rooms. # 21 # 22 # 23 # 24 # 25 # 26 * westward. # 26:22,27 # 28 * coupled. Heb. twined. # 26:24 Ps 122:3 133:1 Ac 2:46 4:32 1Co 1:10 12:13 2Co 1:10 # Eph 2:15,19,21 3:18,19 4:2-6,15,16 * under every board two sockets. Heb. two sockets, two sockets, under one board. # 26:25 * See on ch. # 25:28 26:26-29 30:5 * the tabernacle. # 26:26 # 33 # 34 * vail of blue. {Parachoth,} from {parach,} to separate, divide, make a distinction between somewhat, the inner vail, which divided the tabernacle into two, and separated, and made a distinction between the Holy place and the Holy of Holies. This vail was made of the same rich materials as the inner covering of the tabernacle, and curiously embroidered with cherubim and other ornaments. Though it does not appear from Scripture at what distance from either end of the tabernacle this vail was hung, yet is reasonably conjectured, that it divided it in the same proportion in which the temple, built after this model, was divided; that is, two-thirds of the whole length were allotted to the first room, and one-third to the second; so that the room beyond the vail, the Holy of Holies, was exactly square, being ten cubits each way, and the first room, the sanctuary, was twice as long as it was broad. * See on ch. # 26:31-35 30:6 40:21 Mt 27:51 Heb 10:20 # Jer 1:18 * an hanging. This vail was a fine embroidered curtain, of the same materials and of the same workmanship as the inner vail and inner covering of the tabernacle. The text does not say how low it hung. Philo makes it touch the ground; but Josephus will have it to come down but half way, so that the people might have a view of the inside of the tabernacle; but then he says there was another curtain over that, which came to the ground, to keep it from the weather, and was drawn aside on the sabbath and other festivals. # 26:36,37 40:28 * of needlework. Heb. the work of a needle worker, or embroider. # 26:36 * fillets with gold. # 27:10 1 The ark and mercy seat with cherubims made. 10 The table of shew-bread with its vessels. 17 The candlestick with its lamps and instruments. 25 The altar of incense. 29 The anointing oil and sweet incense. # 25:10-16 26:33 31:7 40:3,20,21 Nu 10:33-36 # 30:3 # 3 * staves. # Nu 4:14,15 Ac 9:15 * with gold. # 1Pe 1:7,18,19 # Nu 1:50 4:15 2Sa 6:3-7 * See on ch. # 25:17-22 Le 16:12-15 1Ch 28:11 Ro 3:25 Ga 4:4 Tit 2:14 # Heb 9:5 1Jo 2:2 # 1Ki 6:23-29 Ps 80:1 104:4 Eze 10:2 * on the end. or, out of, etc. on the other end. or, out of, etc. # 8 * cherubims spread. # Ge 3:24 28:12 Isa 6:2 Eze 10:1-22 Joh 1:51 2Co 3:18 Php 3:8 # 1Ti 3:16 Heb 1:14 * to the mercy seatward. # 25:20 Eph 3:10 1Pe 1:12 * See on ch. # 25:23-30 35:13 40:4,22,23 Eze 40:39-42 Mal 1:12 Joh 1:14,16 # Col 1:27 Nothing but the ark of the covenant, with the mercy-seat, was put within the most holy place; but without the vail this "table of {shittim} wood" was fixed, of the same height as the ark, but neither so long nor so broad. It was made of the same materials as the ark, and with a golden cornice; but it had also another cornice below the edge, and one at the bottom, with a border between the two of a hand breadth; though some think one border only was below the edge, and that this was towards the bottom, to keep the feet or legs more closely united. The table also had rings and staves for the convenience of removing it. To it were annexed several vessels; as dishes, in which some think the shewbread was placed; or, according to others, the flour of which it was made, or the oil used for various purposes; spoons, which were employed about the incense offered on the golden altar, or carried within the vail in a censer on the day of atonement. Some have supposed the word to denote vials, as we read of vials full of odours and incense (Rev 5:3): covers, which seem to have been put over both the loaves and the incense, yet some suppose they were vessels used in drink-offerings; but that is more reasonably considered as the use of the bowls. # 11 * handbreadth. # Ge 21:16 # 13 # 14 # 15 * dishes. See on ch. # 25:29 1Ki 7:50 2Ki 12:13 Jer 52:18,19 2Ti 2:20 * cover withal. or, pour out withal. * the candlestick of. See on ch. # 25:31-39 40:24,25 Le 24:4 1Ch 28:15 2Ch 13:11 Zec 4:2,11 # Mt 5:15 Joh 1:4-9 Php 2:15 Heb 9:2 Re 1:12-20 2:1-5 # 18 # 19 * almonds. # 25:33 Nu 17:8 Ec 12:5 Jer 1:11 # 25:35 * were. # 25:31 1Co 9:27 Col 3:5 * beaten work. # Ps 51:17 Isa 5:4,5,10 # 25:37 Nu 8:2 Zec 4:2 Re 1:12,20 2:1 4:5 5:5 # 24 * See on ch. # 30:1-5 40:5,26,27 2Ch 26:16 Mt 23:19 Lu 1:9,10 Heb 7:25 # Heb 13:10 1Pe 2:5 Re 8:3,4 # 26 # 27 # 28 * he made. See on ch. # 30:23-38 Ps 23:5 92:10 Isa 11:2 61:1,3 Joh 3:34 2Co 1:21,22 # 1Jo 2:20,27 * incense. # 30:34 Ps 14:1,2 141:2 Heb 5:7 7:25 Re 8:3,4 * the apothecary. # Ec 10:1 1 The altar of burnt offering. 8 The laver of brass. 9 The court, and its hangings. 21 The sum of what the people offered, and the use to which it was applied. * the altar. This altar consisted of four boards of {shittim} (acacia) wood, covered with brass, and hollow in the middle; but it is supposed to have been filled up with earth when used, for it is expressly said (ch. 20:24) that the altar is to be of earth. As it was five cubits long and five cubits broad, and three cubits high, if the cubit be reckoned at 21 inches, it must have been eight feet nine inches square, and about five feet three inches in height. * See on ch. # 27:1-8 40:6,29 2Ch 4:1 Eze 43:13-17 Ro 8:3,4 12:1 Heb 3:1 # Heb 9:14 13:10 1Pe 2:5 * foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof. # Eze 43:16 Joh 6:37 Heb 13:8 Re 21:16 * he made. # 27:2 * brass. # Job 6:12 * he made. # 27:3 * flesh-hooks. # 1Sa 2:13 # 4 * the grate. # 27:4 # 25:6 De 10:3 * to bear it withal. # Ac 9:15 1Co 1:24 2:2 * the laver. See on ch. # 30:18-21 40:7,30-32 1Ki 7:23-26,38 Ps 26:6 Zec 13:1 Joh 13:10 # Tit 3:5,6 Heb 9:10 1Jo 3:7 Re 1:5 * looking glasses. or, brazen glasses. The word {maroth,} from {raah,} to see, denotes reflectors, or mirrors, of any kind. That these could not have been looking glasses, as in our translation, is sufficiently evident, not only from the glass not being then in use, but also from the impossibility of making the brazen laver of such materials. The first mirrors known among men, were the clear fountain and unruffled lake. The first artificial ones were made of polished brass, afterwards of steel, and when luxury increased, of silver; but at a very early period, they were made of a mixed metal, particularly of tin and copper, the best of which, as Pliny informs us, were formerly manufactured at Brundusium. When the Egyptians went to their temples, according to St. Cyril, they always carried their mirrors with them. The Israelitish women probably did the same; and Dr. Shaw says, that looking-glasses are still part of the dress of Moorish women, who carry them constantly hung at their breasts. * assembling. Heb. assembling by troops. It is supposed that these women kept watch during the night. Among the ancients, women were generally employed as door-keepers. See 1 Sa 2:22. # Pr 8:34 Mt 26:69 Lu 2:37 Joh 18:16 1Ti 5:5 * the court. See on ch. # 27:9-19 40:8,33 1Ki 6:36 Ps 84:2,10 89:7 92:13 100:4 # 10 # 11 # 12 # 13 * hangings. # 27:14 # 15 # 16 # 17 * needlework. # 2Ch 3:14 # 19 * the pins. # 27:19 2Ch 3:9 Ezr 9:8 Ec 12:11 Isa 22:23 33:20 Eph 2:21,22 # Col 2:19 * tabernacle of testimony. # 25:16 26:33 40:3 Nu 1:50,53 9:15 10:11 17:7,8 18:2 2Ch 24:6 # Ac 7:44 Re 11:19 The word tabernacle is used in many different senses, and signifies, I. A tent or pavilion, # Nu 24:5 Mt 17:4 II. A house or dwelling, # Job 11:4 22:23 III. A kind of tent, which is designated, to speak after the manner of the men, the palace of the Most High, the dwelling of the God of Israel, # 26:1 Heb 9:2,3 IV. Christ's human nature, of which the Jewish tabernacle was a type, wherein God dwells really, substantially, and personally, # Heb 8:2 9:11 V. The true church militant, # Ps 15:1 VI. Our natural body, in which the soul lodges as in a tabernacle, # 2Co 5:1 2Pe 1:13 VII. The token of God's gracious presence, # Re 21:3 * by the hand. # Nu 4:28-33 Ezr 8:26-30 * Ithamar. # 6:23 1Ch 6:3 * Bezaleel. # 31:1-5 35:30-35 36:1-3 The supernatural qualifications of Bezaleel and Aholiab proved their divine appointment; yet they had an express nomination to their work: they were also miraculously qualified to instruct their assistants, as well as to superintend them. Christ alone builds the Temple of the Lord, and bears the glory; but ministers and private Christians, under his direction and by his grace, may be fellow-workers together with him. They who, in mean employments, are diligent and humbly contented, are equally acceptable with those who are engaged in more splendid services. The women who spun the goats' hair were wise-hearted, as well as the persons who presided over the work of the tabernacle, or as Aaron, who burnt incense there, because they did it heartily unto the Lord. Our wisdom and duty consist in giving God the glory and use of our talents, be they more or less; neither abusing nor burying them, but occupying with them until our Lord shall come; being satisfied that it is better to be a door-keeper in his service, than the most mighty and renowned of the ungodly.--Scott. * all that the Lord. # Ps 119:6 Jer 1:7 Mt 28:20 * Aholiab. # 35:34 * a cunning. # 35:34 * All the gold. If we follow the estimation of the learned Dean Prideaux, the value of the twenty-nine talents, and 730 shekels of gold, will be 198,347£. 12s. 6d. The value of the silver contributed by 603,550 Israelites, at half a shekel, or 1s. 6d. per man, will amount to 45,266£. 5s. The value of the 70 talents, 2,400 shekels of brass, will be 513£. 17s. The gold weighed 4,245 pounds; the silver, 14,603 pounds; and the brass, 10,277 pounds, troy weight. The total value of all the gold, silver, and brass, will consequently amount to 244,127£. 14s. 6d.; and the total weight of these three metals will amount to 29,124 pounds troy, which reduced to avoirdupois weight, is equal to fourteen tons, 226 pounds!--It may, perhaps, seem difficult to imagine how the Israelites should be possessed of so much wealth in the desert; but it should be remembered, that their ancestors were opulent men before they came into Egypt; that they were further enriched by the spoils of the Egyptians and Amalekites; and that it is probable, they traded with the neighbouring nations who bordered on the wilderness. There appear to be three reasons why so much riches should have been employed in the construction of the tabernacle, etc. 1. To impress the people's minds with the glory and dignity of the Divine Majesty, and the importance of his service. 2. To take out of their hands the occasion of covetousness. 3. To prevent pride and vain glory, by leading them to give up to the divine service even the ornaments of their persons. # 1Ch 22:14-16 29:2-7 Hag 2:8 * offering. # 25:2 29:24 35:22 * the shekel. # 30:13,14,24 Le 5:15 27:3,25 Nu 3:47 18:16 # 25 * bekah. # 30:13,15,16 * every man. Heb. a poll. # Nu 1:46 * six hundred. # 12:37 Nu 1:46 * and the sockets. # 26:19,21,25,32 * and filleted them. # 27:17 # 29 * the sockets. # 26:37 27:10,17 * And the sockets. # 27:10-12 * and the sockets. # 27:16,17 * the pins. # 27:19 35:18 1 The cloths of service and holy garments. 2 The ephod. 8 The breast-plate. 22 The robe of the ephod. 27 The coats, mitre, and girdle of fine linen. 30 The plate of the holy crown. 32 All is finished, reviewed, and approved by Moses. * the blue. # 25:4 26:1 35:23 * cloths. # 31:10 35:19 * holy place. # Ps 93:5 Eze 43:12 Heb 9:12,25 * the holy. # 28:2-4 31:10 Eze 42:14 * See on ch. # 25:7 28:6-12 Le 8:7 * cunning work. # 26:1 36:8 # 4 * curious. See on ch. # 28:8 29:5 Le 8:7 Isa 11:5 Re 1:13 * as the Lord. # Mt 28:20 1Co 11:23 * onyx stones. The meaning of the word {shoham} is not easily determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name [( ).] It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx. * See on ch. # 25:7 28:9 35:9 Job 28:16 Eze 28:13 * ouches. {Mishbetzoth,} strait places, sockets, to insert the stones in, from {shavatz,} to straiten, enclose. * a memorial. # 28:12,29 Jos 4:7 Ne 2:20 Mr 14:9,22-25 * See on ch. # 25:7 28:4,13-29 Le 8:8,9 Ps 89:28 Isa 59:17 Eph 6:14 # 9 * the first row. See on ch. # 28:16,17,21 Re 21:19-21 * sardius. or, ruby. * a diamond. # 28:18 Eze 28:13 The word {yahalom} may mean the diamond, from {halam,} to beat, smite, because of its extreme hardness, by which it will beat to pieces the other stones. It is a fine pellucid substance never debased with any admixture of other matter; susceptible of elegant tinges from metal-line particles; giving fire with steel; not fermenting with acid menstrua; scarcely calcinable by any degree of fire; and of one simple and permanent appearance in all lights. It is the hardest and most valuable of all gems; when pure, perfectly clear and pellucid as the clearest water, and eminently distinguished from all other substances by its vivid splendour, and the brightness of its reflections. * a ligure. {Leshem,} the ligure, the same as the jacinth, or hyacinth, a precious stone of a deep red, with a considerable tinge of yellow. Theophrastus and Pliny say it resembles the carbuncle, of a brightness sparkling like fire. * an agate. {Shevo,} the agate, a semi-pellucid compound gem, formed of different simple minerals, as chalcedony, cornelian, jasper. horn-stone, quartz, amethyst, opal, etc.; joined irregularly or in layers. It is of a white, reddish, yellowish, or greenish ground; and so variously figured in its substance as to represent plants, trees, animals, and other objects. * an amethyst. {Achlamah,} an amethyst, a transparent gem, composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either prevails, affording different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a pale rose colour. # 28:19 Re 21:20 * a beryl. Tarshish, a pellucid gem, of a sea or blueish green colour. # So 5:14 * onyx. # 6 * a jasper. {Yaspeh,} the jasper, a hard stone, of which there are not less than fifteen varieties of colour, as green, red, yellow, brown, black, etc. # 28:20 Eze 28:13 Re 4:3 21:11,18,19 # Re 21:12 * chains at the ends. # 28:14 2Ch 3:5 So 1:10 Joh 10:28 17:12 1Pe 1:5 Jude 1:1 * gold rings. # 25:12 # 17 * two wreathen. # 28:14 So 1:10 * ephod. # 2 # 19 * coupling. # 26:3 * as the Lord. # Mt 16:24 1Co 1:25,27 * See on ch. # 28:31-35 # 23 * they made. # 28:33 * pomegranates. # Ga 5:22 * bells. # 28:33,34 Ps 89:15 * the pomegranates. # So 4:13 * pomegranate. # 28:34 So 4:3,13 6:7 * hem. # De 22:12 Mt 9:20 * coats. See on ch. # 28:39-42 Le 8:13 Isa 61:10 Eze 44:18 Ro 3:22 13:14 Ga 3:27 # Php 2:6-8 1Pe 1:13 * fine. The word {Shesh} seems rather to mean cotton, than either fine linen or silk; called also {butz,} and by the Greeks, [ ,] and Romans, {byssus.} * a mitre. # 28:4,39 Eze 44:18 * linen. # 28:42 * breeches. {Michnasim,} from {kanas,} to wrap round. * a girdle. {Avnet,} a belt or girdle, of the same kind as the eastern sash, which confines the loose garments about the waist; and in which their long skirts are tucked up when at work or on a journey. # 28:39 * the plate. See on ch. # 26:36 28:36-39 1Co 1:30 2Co 5:21 Heb 1:3 7:26 * HOLINESS. # 28:36 Zec 14:20 Tit 2:14 Re 5:10 # 31 * all the. # 33,42 25:1-31:18 35:1-40:38 Le 8:1-9:24 Nu 3:25,26,31,36,37 # Nu 4:4-32 * according. # 42,43 25:40 40:32 De 12:32 1Sa 15:22 1Ch 28:19 Mt 28:20 # Heb 3:2 8:5 * the tent. # 25:1-30:38 31:7-11 35:11-19 36:1-40:38 # 34 * the mercy seat. # 25:17 Heb 9:5,8 * the shewbread. # 25:30 1Ki 7:48 * even with. # 27:21 Mt 5:14-16 Php 2:15 * sweet incense. Heb. the incense of sweet spice. # 25:6 30:7 31:11 35:8 37:29 2Ch 2:4 # 38:30 1Ki 8:64 * court. # 27:9 35:17 38:9 40:7 * cords. # 35:18 Nu 3:26,37 * pins. # 27:19 35:18 38:20,21 Nu 3:37 * cloths. # 1 31:10 * the holy. # 28:2 * according. # 32 23:21,22 25:1-31:18 De 12:32 Mt 28:20 2Ti 2:15 4:7 * made. # 35:10 * did look. # 40:25 Ge 1:31 Ps 104:31 * blessed them. # Ge 14:19 Le 9:22,23 Nu 6:23-27 Jos 22:6 2Sa 6:18 1Ki 8:14 # 1Ch 16:2 2Ch 6:3 30:27 Ne 11:2 Ps 19:11 1 The tabernacle is commanded to be reared, anointed, and consecrated. 13 Aaron and his sons to be sanctified. 16 Moses performs all things accordingly. 34 A cloud covers the tabernacle. # 1 * the first month. # 17 12:1,2 13:4 Nu 7:1 * tabernacle. # 6,18,19 26:1,7,30 27:21 30:36 35:11 36:18 # 20,21 25:10,22 26:31,33,34 35:12 36:35,36 37:1-9 Le 16:14 # Nu 4:5 Re 11:19 * the table. # 22,25 25:23-30 26:35,36 37:10-24 * the things that, etc. Heb. the order thereof. # Le 24:5,6,8 * the candlestick. # 24,25 * See on ch. # 25:31-39 * the altar. # 26,27 30:1-5 35:25-28 37:25-28 Joh 14:6 Heb 9:24 10:19-22 # 1Jo 2:1,2 * put. # 28 26:36,37 # 29 * See on ch. # 27:1-8 38:1-7 Eph 1:6,7 Heb 13:10 1Jo 2:2 4:9,10 # 30-32 * See on ch. # 30:18-21 38:8 Ps 26:6 Zec 13:1 Tit 3:5 Heb 10:22 1Jo 1:7 # Re 1:5,6 * the court. # 33 * See on ch. # 27:9-19 38:9-20 Mt 16:18 1Co 12:28 Eph 4:11,12 * the anointing oil. # 30:23-33 37:29 39:39 Le 8:10 Nu 7:1 Ps 45:7 Isa 11:2 61:1 # Mt 3:16 Joh 3:34 2Co 1:4,22 1Jo 2:20 * sanctify. # 29:36,37 Le 8:11 Isa 11:2 61:1 Joh 3:34 17:19 * most holy. Heb. holiness of holiness. # Lu 1:35 1Co 1:30 2Co 5:21 Heb 7:26 # 11 * See on ch. # 29:1-35 Le 8:1-13 9:1-24 Isa 11:1-5 61:1-3 Mt 3:16 Lu 1:35 # Joh 3:34 Ro 8:3 Ga 4:4 * anoint him. See on ch. # 28:41 Isa 61:1 Joh 3:34 17:19 Heb 10:10,29 1Jo 2:20,27 # Isa 44:3-5 61:10 Joh 1:16 Ro 8:30 13:14 1Co 1:9,30 * everlasting. # 12:14 30:31,33 Nu 25:13 Ps 110:4 Heb 5:1-14 7:3,7,17-24 # Heb 8:1-10:39 * according. # 17-32 23:21,22 39:42,43 De 4:1 12:32 Isa 8:20 Mt 28:20 # 1Co 4:2 * the first month. # 1,2 Nu 7:1 9:1 * reared. # 2 26:15-30 36:20-34 Le 26:11 Eze 37:27,28 Joh 1:14 Ga 4:4 # 1Pe 1:5 Re 21:3 * and fastened. # Isa 33:24 Mt 16:18 1Ti 3:15 * the tent. # 26:1-14 36:8-19 * the testimony. # 16:34 25:16-21 31:18 Ps 40:8 Mt 3:15 * mercy. # 3 37:6-9 Ro 3:25 10:4 Heb 4:16 10:19-21 1Jo 2:2 * he brought. # 3 26:33 35:12 * and covered. # Heb 10:19,20 * he put. # Joh 6:53-57 Eph 3:8 * northward. # 24 26:35 # 4 25:30 Mt 12:4 Heb 9:2 # 25:31-35 37:17-24 Ps 119:105 Joh 1:1,5,9 8:12 Re 1:20 2:5 # 4 25:37 Re 4:5 # 5 30:1-10 Mt 23:19 Joh 11:42 17:1-26 Heb 7:25 10:1 1Jo 2:1 # 30:7 # 5 26:36,37 38:9-19 Joh 14:6 10:9 Eph 2:18 Heb 10:19,20 * the altar. # 6 27:1-8 38:1-7 Mt 23:19 Ro 3:24-26 Heb 9:12 13:5,6,10 * offered. # 29:38-46 # 7 30:18-21 38:8 Eze 36:25 Heb 10:22 * washed. # Ps 26:6 51:6,7 Joh 13:10 1Jo 1:7,9 * as the Lord. # 19 30:19,20 Ps 73:19 * up the court. # 8 27:9-16 Nu 1:50 Mt 16:8 1Co 12:12,28 Eph 4:11-13 Heb 9:6,7 * the tabernacle. The tabernacle might either be called a house or a tent, because it had wooden walls and partitions like a house, and curtains and hangings like a tent; but as it externally resembled a common oblong tent, and the wooden walls were without a roof, and properly only supports for the many curtains and hangings spread over them, it is more properly called a tent. Even the ordinary tents of the Arabs have at least two main divisions; the innermost for the women, and hence called sacred, i.e., cut off, inaccessible. In the tent of an {emir} the innermost space is accessible to himself only, or those whom he particularly honours; into the outer tent others may come. The furniture is costly, the floor covered with a rich carpet, and has a stand with a censer and coals, on which incense is strewed. Hence we have the simple idea after which this magnificent royal tent of Jehovah, the King and God of the Hebrews, was made. * hanging. # Joh 10:9 14:6 Eph 2:18 Heb 4:14-16 * So Moses. # 39:32 1Ki 6:9 Zec 4:9 Joh 4:34 17:4 2Ti 4:7 Heb 3:2-5 * a cloud. # 13:21,22 14:19,20,24 25:8,21,22 29:43 33:9 Le 16:2 # Nu 9:15-23 1Ki 8:10,11 2Ch 5:13 7:2 Ps 18:10-12 Isa 4:5,6 # Isa 6:4 Eze 43:4-7 Hag 2:7,9 Re 15:8 21:3,23,24 # Le 16:2 1Ki 8:11 2Ch 5:14 7:2 Isa 6:4 Re 15:8 * when. # 13:21,22 Nu 10:11-13,33-36 19:17-22 Ne 9:19 Ps 78:14 105:39 # 1Co 10:1 2Co 5:19,20 * went onward. Heb. journeyed. # Nu 9:19-22 Ps 31:15 * the cloud. # 13:21 Nu 9:15 * fire. # Ps 78:14 105:39 Isa 4:5,6 CONCLUDING REMARKS. Moses was undoubtedly the author of this Book, which forms a continuation of the preceding, and was evidently written after the promulgation of the law: it embraces the history of about 145 years. Moses, having in the Book of Genesis described the creation of the world, the origin of nations, and the peopling of the earth, details in the Book of Exodus the commencement and nature of the Jewish Church and Polity, which has very properly been termed a Theocracy, ( from [Theos <2316>,] God, and [krateo <2902>,] to rule,) in which Jehovah appears not merely as their Creator and God, but as their King. Hence this and the following books of Moses are not purely historical; but contain not only laws for the regulation of their moral conduct and the rites and ceremonies of their religious worship, but judicial and political laws relating to government and civl life. The stupendous facts connected with these events, may be clearly perceived by consulting the marginal references; and many of the circumstances are confirmed by the testimony of heathen writers. Numenius, a Pythagorean philosopher, mentioned by Eusebius, speaks of the opposition of the magicians, whom he calls Jannes and Jambres, to the miracles of Moses. Though the names of these magicians are not preserved in the Sacred Text, yet tradition had preserved them in the Jewish records, from which Paul (2 Ti 3:8.) undoubtedly quotes. Add to this that many of the notions of the heathen respecting the appearance of the Deity, and their religious institutions and laws, were borrowed from this book; and many of their fables were nothing more than distorted traditions of those events which are here plainly related by Moses. 1 The law of burnt offerings; 3 of the herd; 10 of the flocks; 14 of the fowls. * called. # Ex 19:3 24:1,2,12 29:42 Joh 1:17 * out of. # Ex 25:22 33:7 39:32 40:34,35 * If any. # 22:18,19 Ge 4:3,5 1Ch 16:29 Ro 12:1,6 Eph 5:2 * an offering. {Korban,} from {karav} to approach, an introductory offering, or offering of access, in allusion to the present which is always required in the East, on being introduced to a superior. * a burnt. # 6:9-13 8:18,21 Ge 8:20 22:2,8,13 Ex 24:5 29:18,42 32:6 38:1 # Nu 23:3,10,11,19,23,24,27,30 29:8-11,13 Isa 1:11 Heb 10:8-10 * a male. # 3:1 4:23 22:19-24 Ex 12:5 De 15:21 Zec 13:7 Mal 1:14 Lu 1:35 # Joh 1:36 Eph 5:27 Heb 7:26 9:14 1Pe 1:18,19 * his own. # 7:16 22:19,21 Ex 35:5,21,29 36:3 Ps 40:8 110:3 2Co 8:12 9:7 * at the. # 16:7 17:4 Ex 29:4 De 12:5,6,13,14,27 Eze 20:40 Joh 10:7,9 # Eph 2:18 * put. # 3:2,8,13 4:4,15,24,29 8:14,22 16:21 Ex 29:10,15,19 Nu 8:12 # Isa 53:4-6 2Co 5:20,21 * be accepted. # 22:21,27 Isa 56:7 Ro 12:1 Php 4:18 * atonement. # 4:20,26,31,35 5:6 6:7 9:7 16:24 Nu 15:25,28 25:13 # 2Ch 29:23,24 Da 9:24 Ro 3:25 5:11 Heb 10:4 1Jo 2:2 * kill. # 11 3:2,8,13 16:15 2Ch 29:22-24 Mic 6:6 * the priests. # 11,15 2Ch 35:11 Heb 10:11 * sprinkle. # 11 3:2,8,13 Ex 24:6-8 29:16 Nu 18:17 2Ch 35:11 Isa 52:15 # Eze 36:25 Heb 12:24 1Pe 1:2 # 7:8 Ge 3:21 * fire. # 6:12,13 9:24 10:1 1Ch 21:26 2Ch 7:1 Mal 1:10 * lay. # Ge 22:9 Ne 13:31 # 8:18-21 9:13,14 Ex 29:17,18 1Ki 18:23,33 * inwards. # 13 8:21 9:14 Ps 51:6 Jer 4:14 Mt 23:25-28 * burn all. # 13,17 3:11 Ps 66:15 Zec 13:7 * a sweet. # Ge 8:21 Eze 20:28,41 2Co 2:15 Eph 5:2 Php 4:18 * of the flocks. # 2 Ge 4:4 8:20 Isa 53:6,7 Joh 1:29 * a burnt sacrifice. {Olah,} a burnt offering, from {âlah,} to ascend, because this offering ascended, as it were, to God in flame and smoke, being wholly consumed; for which reason its is called in the Septuagint, [ ,] a whole burnt offering. This was the most important of all the sacrifices; and no part of it was eaten either by the priest or the offerer, but the whole was offered to God. It has been sufficiently shown by learned men, that almost every nation of the earth, in every age, had their burnt offerings, from the persuasion that there was no other way to appease the incensed gods; and they even offered human sacrifices, because they imagined that life was necessary to redeem life, and that the gods would be satisfied with nothing less. * a male. See on ver. # 3 4:23 22:19 Mal 1:14 * he shall. # 5 Ex 40:22 Eze 8:5 * northward. # 6:25 7:2 * and the. # 7-9 9:12-14 # 6-8 * See ver. # 9 * of fowls. # 5:7 12:8 Mt 11:29 Lu 2:24 2Co 8:12 Heb 7:26 * wring off his head. or, pinch off the head with the nail. # 5:8 Ps 22:1,21 69:1-21 Isa 53:4,5,10 Mt 26:1-27:66 1Jo 2:27 * his feathers. or, the filth thereof. # Lu 1:35 1Pe 1:2 * by the place. # 4:12 6:10,11 16:27 Heb 13:11-14 * shall not. # Ge 15:10 Ps 16:10 Mt 27:50 Joh 19:30 Ro 4:25 1Pe 1:19-21 3:18 * it is. # 9,10,13 Ge 8:21 Heb 10:6-12 13:15,16 1 The meat offering of flour with oil and incense, 4 either baked in the oven, 5 or on a plate, 7 or in a frying-pan. 12 The first fruits not to be burnt on the altar. 13 Salt to be used with every offering. 14 The offering of first fruits in the ear. * meat offering. {Minchah,} from the Arabic {manacha,} to give, especially as a reciprocal gift, a gift, oblation, or eucharistical or gratitude offering, for the bounties of providence displayed in the fruits of the earth. It is termed a meat offering by our translators, because the term meat in their time was the general name for food. # 6:14-18,20-23 9:17 Nu 15:4-21 Isa 66:20 Joh 6:35 * fine flour. # Ex 29:2 Nu 7:13,19 Joe 1:9 2:14 * pour oil. # 4-8,15,16 7:10-12 1Jo 2:20,27 Jude 1:20 * frankincense. # Mal 1:11 Lu 1:9,10 Re 8:3 * the memorial. # 9 5:12 6:15 24:7 Ex 30:16 Nu 5:18 Ne 13:14,22 Isa 66:3 # Ac 10:4 * the remnant. # 6:16,17,26 7:9 10:12,13 21:22 Nu 18:9 1Sa 2:28 * most holy. # 6:17 10:12 21:22 Ex 29:37 Nu 18:9 * meat offering. # 1Ch 23:28,29 Ps 22:14 Eze 46:20 Mt 26:38 Joh 12:27 * the oven. {Tannur}, probably such an oven as that described by D'Arvieux, as used by the Arabs. He states that they make a fire in a great stone pitcher, and when heated, mix meal and water, which they apply with the hollow of their hands to the outside, and this soft paste spreading itself upon it, is baked in an instant, and the bread comes of as thin as our wafers. # 1:11 6:17 7:12 10:12 Ex 12:8 1Co 5:7,8 Heb 7:26 1Pe 2:1,22 * wafers. # Ex 16:31 29:2 Isa 42:1 44:3-5 61:1 Joh 3:34 * in a pan. or, on a flat plate, or slice. {Machavath,} a flat iron plate, such as the Arabs still use to bake their cakes on, and which is called a griddle in some of our counties. # 6:21 7:9 1Ch 23:29 Eze 4:3 # 1:6 Ps 22:1-21 Mr 14:1-15:47 Joh 18:1-19:42 * the frying-pan. {Marchesheth}, a shallow earthen vessel, like a frying pan, which the Arabs call a {tajen.} * of fine. See on ver. # 1,2 # 8 * a memorial. # 2 6:15 * an offering. # 2 Ex 29:18 Ps 22:13,14 Isa 53:10 Zec 13:7,9 Ro 12:1 15:16 # Eph 5:2 Php 2:17 4:18 * See on ver. # 3 * no leaven. # 6:17 Ex 12:19,20 Mt 16:6,11,12 Mr 8:15 Lu 12:1 1Co 5:6-8 # Ga 5:9 * honey. # Pr 24:13 25:16,27 Lu 21:34 Ac 14:22 1Pe 4:2 * the oblation. # Ge 23:10,11,17 Ex 22:29 23:10,11,19 Nu 15:20 De 26:10 # 2Ch 31:5 1Co 15:20 Re 14:4 * be burnt. Heb. ascend. * with salt. # Ezr 7:22 Eze 43:24 Mt 5:13 Mr 9:49,50 Col 4:6 * the salt. # Nu 18:19 2Ch 13:5 * with all thine. # Eze 43:24 * a meat offering. These first fruits seem to have been the voluntary oblation brought by individuals, of the finest ears of corn out of the field, before the harvest was ripe. # 22:29 23:10,14-17,20 Ge 4:3 Nu 28:2 De 26:2 Pr 3:9,10 # Isa 53:2-10 Mal 1:11 1Co 15:20 Re 14:4 * corn beaten. # 2Ki 4:42 * See on ver. # 1 * See on ver. # 1,2,4-7,9,12 Ps 141:2 Isa 11:2-4 61:1 Ro 8:26,27 Heb 5:7 1 The peace offering of the herd; 6 of the flock; 7 whether a lamb, 12 or a goat. 17 A prohibition to eat fat or blood. * a sacrifice. # 7:11-21,29-34 22:19-21 Ex 20:24 24:5 29:28 Nu 6:14 7:17 # Jud 20:26 21:4 1Ch 21:26 Pr 7:14 Eze 45:15 Am 5:22 Ro 5:1,2 # Col 1:20 1Jo 1:3 * without. See on ch. # 1:3 Nu 6:14 Mal 1:8,14 Heb 10:22 * lay. # 1:4,5 8:22 16:21,22 Ex 29:10 Isa 53:6 2Co 5:21 1Jo 1:9,10 * kill it. # 1:11 Zec 12:10 Ac 2:36-38 3:15,26 4:10-12,26-28 * the fat. or, suet. # 16 4:8,9 7:3,4 Ex 29:13,22 De 30:6 Ps 119:70 Pr 23:26 # Isa 6:10 Eze 36:26 Mt 13:16 15:8 Ro 5:5 6:6 * caul above the liver, with the kidneys. or, midriff over the liver, and over the kidneys. # 10,15 4:9 7:4 8:16,25 9:10,19 Ex 29:13 *marg: # Ex 29:22 * Aaron's. # 1:9 4:31,35 6:12 9:9,10 Ex 29:13 1Sa 2:15,16 1Ki 8:64 # 2Ch 35:14 Eze 44:7,15 * upon the burnt. # 6:12 1Pe 2:5 * a sacrifice. # Ga 4:4 Eph 1:10 2:13-22 * be of. # 1 1:2,10 Isa 60:7 * male. # Ga 3:28 * he shall. # 1-17 Ac 4:27 Ro 12:1,2 Tit 2:11,12 * offer it. # 1 1Ki 8:62 Eph 5:2,12 Heb 9:14 * he shall. See on ver. # 2-5,13 4:4,15,24 Isa 53:6,11,12 2Co 5:21 1Pe 2:24 * kill it. # Eph 2:18 3:12 Heb 10:19-22 * sprinkle. # 1:5,11 Mt 3:17 2Co 5:19 * the fat. # 3,4 Pr 23:26 Isa 53:10 * the whole rump. To what has already been said on the tails of eastern sheep, we may add the testimony of Ludolf, who states that they are so very large, some of them weighing from twelve to fourteen pounds, "that the owners are obliged to tie a little cart behind them, whereupon they put the tail of the sheep, as well for the convenience of carriage, and to ease the poor creatures, as to preserve the wool from dirt, and the tail from being torn among the bushes and stones." The same is testified by Dr. Russell, who says, "In some other places where they feed in the fields, the shepherds are obliged to fix a piece of thin board to the under part of the tail, to prevent its being torn by bushes, thistles, etc., as it is not covered underneath with thick wool, like the upper part; and some have small wheels to facilitate the dragging of the board after them." # 7:3 8:25 9:19 Ex 29:22 * the caul. # 4 * burn. # 5 Ps 22:14 Isa 53:4-10 Ro 8:32 * the food. # 16 21:6,8,17,21,22 22:25 Nu 28:2 Eze 44:7 Mal 1:7,12 # 1Co 10:21 Re 3:20 * a goat. # 1,7-17 1:2,6,10 9:3,15 10:16 22:19-27 Isa 53:2,6 Mt 25:32,33 # Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 * lay his hand. See on ver. # 1-5,8 Isa 53:6,11,12 2Co 5:21 1Pe 2:24 3:18 * sprinkle. # 2,8 Isa 52:15 Ro 5:6-11,15-21 Heb 12:24 1Pe 1:2 * the fat that covereth. # 3-5,9-11 Ps 22:14,15 Pr 23:26 Jer 20:18 Mt 22:37 26:38 # Ro 12:1,2 * caul above. See on ver. # 4 * it is the food. See on ver. # 11 * all the fat. # 3-5,9-11,14,15 4:8-19,26,31 7:23-25 8:25 9:24 17:6 # Ex 29:13,22 1Sa 2:15,16 2Ch 7:7 Isa 53:10 Mt 22:37 * a perpetual. # 6:18 7:36 16:34 17:7 23:14 Nu 19:21 * eat neither. That is, neither the blood which is contained in the larger veins and arteries, nor the fat or suet which is within the animal, which exists in a separate or unmixed state, as the {omentum} or {caul,} the fat of the {mesentery,} or fatty part of the substance which connects the convolutions of the alimentary canal or small intestines, the fat of the kidneys, and whatever else of the internal fat was easily separable, together with the whole of the tail already described; for the blood which assumes the form of gravy, and the fat which is intermixed with the other flesh, might be eaten. This law not only related to the sacrifices, but to all the cattle which the Israelites slaughtered for food. # 16 De 32:14 Ne 8:10 * blood. # 7:23,25-27 17:10-14 Ge 9:4 De 12:16,23 15:23 1Sa 14:32-34 # Eze 33:25 44:7,15 Mt 16:24 26:28 Ac 15:20,21,29 Eph 1:7 5:26 # 1Ti 4:4 1 The sin offering of ignorance; 3 for the priest; 13 for the congregation; 22 for the ruler; 27 for any of the people; # 1 * through. # 5:15,17 Nu 15:22-29 De 19:4 1Sa 14:27 Ps 19:12 1Ti 1:13 # Heb 5:2 9:7 * which ought. # 27 Ge 20:9 Jas 3:10 * the priest. # 8:12 21:10-12 Ex 29:7,21 * a young bullock. # 14 9:2 16:6,11 Eze 43:19 * for a sin. # 5:6 Ex 29:14 30:10 Nu 8:8 Ezr 8:35 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 Heb 5:3 # Heb 7:27,28 * bring. # 1:3 Ex 29:10,11 * lay his hand. See on ch. # 1:4 16:21 Isa 53:6 Da 9:26 1Pe 3:18 # 16,17 16:14,19 Nu 19:4 1Jo 1:7 * dip. # 17,25,30,34 8:15 9:9 16:14,19 Nu 19:4 * seven times. The number seven is what is called a number of perfection among the Hebrews; and is often used to denote the completion, fulness, or perfection of a thing. # 14:16,18,27 25:8 26:18,24,28 Jos 6:4,8 * the horns. # 8:15 9:9 16:18 Ex 30:1-10 Ps 118:27 Heb 9:21-15 * all the blood. # 18,34 5:9 8:15 Eph 2:13 * See on ver. # 19,26,31,35 3:3-5,9-11,14-16 7:3-5 16:25 Isa 53:10 Joh 12:27 # 9 * peace offering. # 23:19 Ps 32:1 1Ti 2:5,6 # 21 6:30 8:14-17 9:8-11 16:27 Ex 29:14 Nu 19:5 Ps 103:12 # Heb 13:11-13 * without the camp. Heb. to without the camp. This was intended, figuratively, to express the enormity of this sin, and the availableness of the atonement. The sacrifice, as having the sin of the priest transferred from himself to it, by his confession and imposition of hands, was become unclean and abominable, and was carried, as it were, out of God's sight; and thus its own offensiveness was removed, with the sin of the person in whose behalf it was offered. # 13:46 Nu 5:3 15:35 19:3 * the ashes. # 6:10,11 * burn him. # Ex 29:14 Nu 19:5 Heb 13:11 * where the ashes are poured out. Heb. at the pouring out of the ashes. * the whole congregation. This may refer to some oversight in acts of religious worship, or to some transgression of the letter of the law, which arose out of the peculiar circumstances in which they were found, as in the case mentioned in 1 Sa 14:32, et seq. The sacrifices and rites in this case were the same as in the preceding; only here the elders laid their hands on the head of the victim, in the name of all the congregation. * through ignorance. See on ver. # 1,2 5:2-5,17 Nu 15:24-29 Jos 7:11,24-26 1Ti 1:13 Heb 10:26-29 * and are guilty. # 5:2-5,17 6:4 Ezr 10:19 Ho 5:15 *marg: # 1Co 11:27 * young bullock. See on ver. # 3 * the elders. # Ex 24:1,9 Nu 11:16,25 De 21:3-9 * lay. See on ver. # 4 1:4 16:21 * See on ver. # 5-12 Heb 9:12-14 * See ver. # 6,7 * upon the. # 7 * and shall pour out. The reason for pouring out the blood, which is so constantly and strictly required by the law, was in opposition to an idolatrous custom of the ancient Zabii, who "were accustomed to eat of the blood of their sacrifices, because they imagined this to be the food of their gods, with whom they thought they had such communion, by eating their meat, that they revealed to them future things."--Maimonides # 8-10,26,31,35 5:6 6:7 12:8 14:18 Nu 15:25 Ps 22:14 Heb 1:3 # Heb 9:14 * with the. # 3 * an atonement. # 26 1:4 5:6 6:7 12:8 14:18 Ex 32:30 Nu 15:25 Da 9:24 Ro 5:11 # Ga 3:13 Heb 1:3 2:17 9:14 10:10-12 1Jo 1:7 2:2 Re 1:5 * as he. # 11,12 * a sin offering. # 16:15,21 2Ch 29:21-24 Ezr 8:35 Mt 20:28 2Co 5:21 1Ti 2:5,6 * a ruler hath sinned. Under the term {nasi,} that is, one preferred or elevated above others, from {nasa,} to exalt, it is probable that any person is meant who held any kind of political dignity among the people; and it evidently means the head of a tribe as in Nu 1:4, 16; 7:2. But the Rabbins generally understand it of the prince of the great sanhedrin, who, when they were under the regal form of government, was the king. A kid of the goats was the sacrifice in this case; and the rites were nearly the same as in the preceding, only the fat was burnt as that of the peace offering. (ver. 26.) # Ex 18:21 Nu 16:2 2Sa 21:1-3 24:10-17 * and done. See on ver. # 2,13 * if his sin. # 14 5:4 2Ki 22:10-13 * a kid. # 9:3 23:19 Nu 7:16,22,28,34 15:24 28:15,30 29:5,11,16,19 # Ro 8:3 * And he. # 4-35 Isa 53:6 * in the place. # 1:5,11 3:2,8,13 4:4,15,29,33 6:25 7:2 16:15 Ex 29:38 * it is a sin. See on ver. # 3,21,31,35 * put. # 7,18,30,34 8:10,15 9:9 16:18 Isa 40:21 Ro 3:24-26 8:3,4 10:4 # Heb 2:10 9:22 * the fat. # 8-10,35 * See on ch. # 3:5 6:20-30 * an atonement. See on ver. # 20 Nu 15:28 * any one. Heb. any soul. # 2 Nu 15:27 * common people. Heb. people of the land . {Am haäretz;} that is, any individual who was not a priest, king, or ruler among the people; an ordinary person. Any of these having transgressed, was obliged to bring a lamb or kid, the ceremonies being nearly the same as in the preceding cases. * See on ver. # 2,13 Ex 12:49 Nu 5:6 15:16,29 * a kid. # 23,32 5:6 Ge 3:15 Isa 7:14 Jer 31:22 Ro 8:3 Ga 4:4,5 * a female. # 23 Ga 3:28 * See on ver. # 4,15,24,33 Heb 10:4-14 * upon the horns. # 25,34 Isa 42:21 Ro 8:3,4 10:4 Heb 2:10 * pour out. There may have been some place at the bottom of the altar to receive and carry off the blood. * all the fat. # 8-10,19,26,35 3:3-5,9-11,14-16 * a sweet. # 1:9,13,17 3:3,5 8:21 Ex 29:18 Ezr 6:10 Job 42:8 Ps 40:6,7 # Ps 51:16,17 69:30,31 Isa 42:21 53:10 Mt 3:17 Eph 5:2 Heb 1:3 # Heb 9:12,14,15 10:12,14 1Pe 2:4,5 1Jo 1:7 4:9,10 Re 5:9 * and the priest. # 26,35 * a lamb. # 28 3:6,7 5:6 Ex 12:3,5 Isa 53:7 Lu 1:35 Joh 1:29,36 Heb 7:26 # 1Pe 1:18-20 2:22,24 3:18 Re 5:6,8,9 * without blemish. # 28 Eph 5:27 Heb 9:14 1Pe 2:22 3:18 * See on ver. # 4,29-31 * the horns of the altar. # 25,30 Isa 42:21 Joh 17:19 Ro 8:1,3 10:4 2Co 5:21 Heb 2:10 # Heb 10:29 1Pe 1:18-20 2:24 3:18 * And he. See on ver. # 31 * according. # 1:1-6:19 * and the priest shall make. # 20,26,30,31 1:4 5:6,10,13 6:7 9:7 12:8 14:18,53 16:1-34 # Nu 15:25 Ro 3:24-26 4:25 5:6-11,15-21 8:1,3,4 10:4 2Co 5:21 # Eph 1:6,7 5:2 Col 1:14 Heb 1:3 4:14 7:26 9:14 1Pe 1:18,19 # 1Pe 2:22,24 3:18 1Jo 1:7 2:2 4:9,10 Re 1:5,6 1 He that sins in concealing his knowledge; 2 in touching an unclean thing; 4 or in making an oath. 6 His trespass offering, of the flock; 7 of fowls; 11 or of flour. 14 The trespass offering in sacrilege; 17 and in sins of ignorance. * a soul. # 15,17 4:2 Eze 18:4,20 * hear. # Ex 22:11 Jud 17:2 1Ki 8:31 22:16 2Ch 18:15 Pr 29:24 30:9 # Mt 26:63 * the voice of swearing. {Kol alah,} rather, "the voice of adjuration," [ ,] as the LXX. render; for this does not relate to the duty of informing against a common swearer, but to the case of a person who, being adjured by the civil magistrate to answer upon oath, refuses to declare what he knows upon the subject--such an one shall bear his iniquity--shall be considered as guilty in the sight of God of the transgression which he has endeavoured to conceal, and must expect to be punished for hiding the iniquity with which he was acquainted. * bear. # 17 7:18 17:16 19:8 20:17 Nu 9:13 Ps 38:4 Isa 53:11 1Pe 2:24 * touch. # 7:21 11:24,28,31,39 Nu 19:11-16 De 14:8 Isa 52:11 Hag 2:13 # 2Co 6:17 * hidden. # 4,17 Ps 19:12 Lu 11:44 * and guilty. # 17 4:13 * the uncleanness. # 12:1-13:59 15:1-33 22:4-6 Nu 19:11-16 * if a soul. This relates to rash oaths or vows, which a man was afterwards unable, or which it would have been sinful, to perform. * to do evil. # 27:2-34 Jos 2:14 9:15 Jud 9:19 11:31 21:7,18 1Sa 1:11 # 1Sa 14:24-28 24:21,22 25:22 2Sa 21:7 2Ki 6:31 Ps 132:2-5 # Ec 5:2-6 Eze 17:18,19 Mt 14:7,9 Mr 6:23 Ac 23:12 * confess. # 16:21 26:40 Nu 5:7 Jos 7:19 Ezr 10:11,12 Job 33:27 Ps 32:5 # Pr 28:13 Jer 3:13 Da 9:4 Ro 10:10 1Jo 1:8-10 * trespass offering. It is remarkable, that in this and the following verse, the sacrifice offered is indifferently called {asham,} a trespass offering, and {chattath,} a sin offering; yet the Marginal References show that these differ in several respects. Sin offerings were sometimes offered for the whole congregation; trespass offerings never, but only for particular persons. Bullocks were sometimes used for sin offerings, never for trespass offerings. The blood of the sin offerings was put on the horns of the altar, that of the trespass offerings was only sprinkled round the bottom of the altar. The sin offering seems to have been for the expiation of offences committed in matters of religion, from a mistake or inadvertency respecting the law; but the trespass offering was required for the casual deviations from the ritual law, when well known, or for crimes against moral precepts, implying injustice to man. # 4:28,32 6:6 7:1-7 14:12,13 19:21,22 Nu 6:12 Eze 40:39 42:13 * a female. # 4:28,32 * the priest. See on ch. # 4:20 * he be not able to bring a lamb. Heb. his hand cannot reach to the sufficiency of a lamb. # 11 12:8 14:21 2Co 8:12 Jas 2:5,6 * two turtle-doves. # 1:14,15 Mt 3:16 10:16 Lu 2:24 * one. # 8,9 9:3 14:22,31 15:14,15,30 16:5 Heb 10:6-10 * wring off. # 1:15 Ro 4:25 1Pe 3:18 * sprinkle. See on ch. # 1:5 4:25,30,34 7:2 Ex 12:22,23 Isa 42:21 Heb 2:10 12:24 * the rest. # 4:7,18,25,30,34 * offer. # 1:14-17 Eph 5:2 * manner. or, ordinance. See on ch. # 1:14-17 * make. # 6,13,16 4:20,26,31,35 Ro 5:11 1Jo 2:2 * it. # Jas 5:15 * But if. See on ver. # 7 * the tenth part. # Ex 16:18,36 * fine flour. # 2:1 Nu 7:13,19-89 15:4-9 * no oil. # 2:1,2,4,5,15,16 Nu 5:15 Ps 22:1-21 69:1-21 Isa 53:2-10 * for it is. # 6,9,12 2Co 5:21 * a memorial. # 2:2,9,16 6:15 Nu 5:26 Ac 10:4 Eph 5:2 * according. # 1:9,13,17 2:9 3:4,11 4:35 * the priest. # 6 4:20,26,31 * shall be. # 2:3,10 7:6 1Sa 2:28 Ho 4:8 1Co 9:13 # 14 * a soul. # 1,2 4:2 * in the. # 16 7:1,6 10:17,18 22:1-16 24:5-9 27:9-33 Nu 18:9-32 # De 12:5-12,26 15:19,20 26:1-15 * ram. # 18 6:6 Ezr 10:19 * thy estimation. # 26:2-8,12,13,17,18,23-27 * the shekel. # 27:25 Ex 30:13 * make. # 22:14 Ex 22:1,3,4 Ps 69:4 Lu 19:8 Ac 26:20 * the fifth. # 6:4,5 27:13,15,27,31 Nu 5:7 * and the priest. # 6,10,13 4:26 Heb 9:13,14 1Jo 2:1,2 * a soul sin. This case is supposed to differ from the preceding, merely in that the person concerned was not certain whether he had or had not committed the trespass. It is therefore called by the Hebrews a doubtful trespass offering. # 1 4:2-4,13,22,27 * though. # 15 Ps 19:12 Lu 12:48 Ro 14:23 * yet is he. # 1,2 4:2,13,27 * And he. See on ver. # 15,16 * for a trespass. # 6:6 1Ti 2:5,6 * and the priest. # 16 1:4 4:20 6:7 * trespassed. # Ezr 10:2 Ps 51:4 Mal 3:8 2Co 5:19-21 1 The trespass offering for sins done wittingly. 8 The law of the burnt offering; 14 and of the meat offering. 19 The offering at the consecration of a priest. 24 The law of the sin offering. # 1 * commit, # 5:15,19 Nu 5:6-8 Ps 51:4 * lie. # 19:11 Ge 26:7 Joh 8:44 Ac 5:4 Eph 4:25 Col 3:9 Re 22:15 * in that. # Ex 22:7-10 * in fellowship. or, in dealing. Heb. in putting of the hand. # Isa 21:2 24:16 33:1 Hab 1:13 * deceived. # Pr 24:28 26:19 Isa 59:13-15 Jer 9:5 Am 8:5 Mic 6:10-12 * have found. # Ex 23:4 De 22:1-3 * sweareth. # 19:12 Ex 22:9-11 Pr 30:9 Jer 5:2 7:9 Zec 5:4 Mal 3:5 * because. # 4:13-15 5:3,4 * which he. # Ge 21:25 Job 20:19 24:2 Isa 59:6 Eze 18:7,12,18 Am 3:10 # Mic 2:2 Zep 1:9 * restore. # 5:16 Ex 22:1,4,7,9 Nu 5:7,8 1Sa 12:3 2Sa 12:6 Pr 6:30,31 # Isa 58:6,9 Lu 19:8 * in the principal. The property itself, if still remaining, or its full value, to which a fifth part more was to be added, to compensate the owner for the loss he had sustained by being deprived of the use of his goods. He must also bring a trespass offering to the Lord; which was intended to show that disobedience to God is the great evil, even of those crimes which are injurious to man, and that repentance, and even restitution, though needful in order to forgiveness, cannot atone for sin. * of his trespass offering. or, of his being found guilty. Heb. of trespass. # Mt 5:23,24 * a ram. # 5:15,18 Isa 53:10,11 * make. # 4:20,26,31 5:10,13,15,16,18 Ex 34:7 Eze 18:21-23,26,27 # Eze 33:14-16,19 Mic 7:18 1Jo 1:7,9 2:1,2 * it shall be. # Isa 1:18 Mt 12:31 1Co 6:9-11 At this verse the Jews begin the twenty-fifth section of the law, and also, in the best Hebrew Bibles, the sixth chapter, which undoubtedly ought to begin here, as the inspired writer enters upon a new subject; the former part of the book being intended for the instruction of the people relative to the several sacrifices to be brought; but this for the instruction of the priests respecting some particulars of their official services. # 8 * of the burnt. See on ch. # 1:1-17 Ex 29:38-42 Nu 28:3 * because of the burning. or, for the burning. # 12,13 * linen garment. # 16:4 Ex 28:39-43 39:27-29 Eze 44:17,18 Re 7:13 19:8,14 * consumed. # 1:9,13,17 Nu 16:21,35 Ps 20:3 *marg: # Ps 37:20 * beside. # 1:16 * put off. # 16:23,24 Eze 44:19 * without. # 4:12,21 14:40,41 16:27 Heb 13:11-13 * the fire. # 9:24 Nu 4:13,14 Mr 9:48,49 Heb 10:27 * burn wood. # 1:7-9 3:3-5,9-11,14-16 Ex 29:38-42 Ne 13:31 The efficacy of the priesthood and mediation of Christ is perpetual, and we can never approach to God in his name, by day or night, unseasonably. The ministers of Christ should have the fire of their zeal constantly burning. * fire. # Isa 6:6,7 Re 8:5 * ever burning. # Re 4:8 * the meat offering. See on ch. # 2:1,2 Nu 15:4,6,9 Joh 6:32 * the memorial. See on ch. # 2:2,9 * the remainder. # 2:3,10 5:13 Eze 44:29 1Co 9:13-15 * unleavened. # Ex 12:8 1Co 5:8 * shall it. # 26 10:12,13 Nu 18:9,10 * baken. # 2:11 1Pe 2:22 * I have. # Nu 18:9,10 * it is most holy. # 25 2:3 7:1,6 Ex 29:33,34,37 * the males. # 29 21:21,22 Nu 18:10 * It shall. See on ch. # 3:17 * every one. {Kol asher yiggâ bahem yikdash,} "all (whether person or thing) that toucheth them shall be (or must be) holy;" that is, the priests must not eat of these oblations when under any ceremonial defilement, and the sacred utensils used about them must not be employed for any other purpose, or in any other way. # 22:3-7 Ex 29:37 Hag 2:12-14 Zec 14:20,21 1Pe 1:16 2:9 # 19 * the offering. This oblation, which the Jews call a {mincha} of initiation, seems to have been required of the high priest alone "on the day in which he was anointed," and from that time, every morning and evening, as long as he continued in office, and then in like manner of his successor; for, by "the sons of Aaron," may be understood his descendants and successors in the high priesthood, in their generations. # Ex 29:2 Nu 18:26-32 Heb 5:1 7:27 8:3,4 * in the day. The word {beyom} signifies not only in the day, but from that day forward; for it was a daily oblation, and for them and their successors, a statue for ever. # 22 * the tenth. # 5:1 Ex 16:36 * a meat offering. # 2:1-16 Ex 29:35-42 Nu 28:3,10 # 2:5 7:9 1Ch 9:31 * is anointed. # 4:3 De 10:6 Heb 7:23 * wholly. # 8:21 Ex 29:22-25 Isa 53:10 * shall be. The meat offering of the people was eaten by the priests, who typically bore and expiated their sins; but as no priest, being a sinner, could make atonement for himself, his meat offering must not be eaten, but wholly burnt on the altar, which was a typical transfer of his guilt to the great antitype who actually bore and expiated it. * it shall not be. # 16,17 2:10 # 24 * the law. See on ch. # 4:2,3-20,21,24,33,34 * In the. # 1:3,5,11 4:24,29,33 * it is. # 17 21:22 * priest. # 10:17,18 Nu 18:9,10 Eze 44:28,29 46:20 Ho 4:8 * in the holy. # 16 * in the court. # Ex 27:9-18 38:9-19 40:33 Eze 42:13 * touch. # 18 Ex 29:37 30:29 Hag 2:12 Mt 9:21 14:36 * wash. # 11:32 2Co 7:1,11 # 11:33 15:12 Heb 9:9,10 * the males. See on ver. # 18 Nu 18:10 * it is. # 25 # 4:3-21 10:18 16:27,28 Heb 9:11,12 13:11 1 The law of the trespass offering; 11 and of the peace offering; 12 whether it be for a thanksgiving; 16 or a vow, or a free will offering. 22 The fat and the blood are forbidden. 28 The priests' portion in the peace offerings. 35 The whole summed up. * the law. # 5:1-6:7 14:12,13 19:21,22 Nu 6:12 Eze 40:39 44:29 46:20 * it is. # 6:17,25 21:22 * in the place. # 1:3,5,11 4:24,29,33 6:25 Nu 6:12 Eze 40:39 * and the. # 1:5 3:2,8 5:9 Isa 52:15 Eze 36:25 Heb 9:19-22 11:28 12:24 # 1Pe 1:2 * See on ch. # 3:3-5,9-11,15,16 4:8-10 Ex 29:13 Ps 51:6,17 # 4 # 1:9,13 2:2,9,16 3:16 Ga 2:20 5:24 1Pe 4:1,2 * male. # 6:16-18,29 Nu 18:9,10 * it is most holy. # 2:3 * the trespass. # 6:25,26 14:13 * even the priest. All the flesh of the burnt offerings being consumed upon the altar, as well as the fat, there could nothing fall to the share of the priest but the skin; which must have been very valuable, as they were used as mattresses (ch. 15:17,) or as carpets to sit upon in the day. They are still used for the same purpose by some of the inhabitants and dervishes of the East. Bishop Patrick remarks, that Adam himself offered the first sacrifice, and had the skin given him by God, to make garments for him and his wife; in conformity with which, the priests ever after had the skin of the whole burnt offerings for their portion. * skin. # 1:6 4:11 Ge 3:21 Ex 29:14 Nu 19:5 Ro 13:14 * the meat. # 2:4-7 Nu 18:9 Eze 44:29 * in the pan. or, on the flat plate, or slice. # 2:5 *marg: * shall be. # 2:3,10 5:13 6:16-18 1Co 9:7,13 Ga 6:6 * one as much. # Ex 16:18 2Co 8:14 # 3:1-17 22:18-21 Eze 45:15 * a thanksgiving. # 22:29 2Ch 29:31 33:16 Ne 12:43 Ps 50:13,14,23 103:1,2 # Ps 107:8,21,22 116:17 Jer 33:11 Ho 14:2 Lu 17:16,18 Ro 1:21 # 2Co 9:11-15 Eph 5:20 Heb 13:15 1Pe 2:5 * unleavened wafers. # 2:4 6:16 Nu 6:15 * leavened. # 23:17 Am 4:5 Mt 13:33 1Ti 4:4 * an heave. See on # Ex 29:27,28 Nu 15:19-21 18:24-28 31:29,41 * the priest's. # 6:26 Nu 18:8-11,19,26-32 * be eaten. # 22:29,30 * See on # Ex 12:10 16:19 Ec 9:10 Joh 9:4 2Co 6:2 Heb 3:13-15 * he shall not. Mr. Harmer supposes that this law refers to the custom of drying flesh, that had been devoted to a religious purpose, which is practised among the Mohammedans at the present day, on the their pilgrimage to Mecca. "It would not have suited," he observes, "the genius of the Mosaic dispensation, to have allowed them to have dried the flesh of their peace offerings, whether in thanksgiving, in consequence of a vow, or merely voluntary, and have afterwards eaten the flesh very commonly in a sparing manner, or communicated only some small portion of it to their particular friends: their peace offerings were to be eaten, on the contrary, with festivity, communicated to their friends with liberality, and bestowed on the poor with great generosity, that they might partake with them of these sacred repasts with joy before the Lord." * be a vow. # 22:18-21 23:38 Nu 15:3 De 12:6,11,17,26 Ps 66:13 116:14,18 # Na 1:15 * a voluntary. # 22:23,29 De 12:6 Eze 46:12 * also the. # 19:5-8 * on the third. # 19:7 Ge 22:4 Ex 19:11 Ho 6:2 1Co 15:4 * burnt. # 6:22,23 10:16 Ex 12:10 29:14 * it shall. # 10:19 19:7,8 22:23,25 Jer 14:10,12 Ho 8:13 Am 5:22 # Mal 1:10,13 * be imputed. # Nu 18:27 Ro 4:11 * an abomination. # 11:10,11,41 Isa 1:11-14 65:4 66:3 Lu 16:15 * bear. # 5:17 10:17 17:16 19:7,8 20:17,19 22:16 Isa 53:11,12 Eze 18:20 # Heb 9:28 1Pe 2:24 # 11:24-39 Nu 19:11-16 Lu 11:41 Ac 10:15,16,28 Ro 14:14,20 # 2Co 6:17 Tit 1:15 * having. # 15:2,3-33 1Co 11:28 * shall be. # Ge 17:14 * the uncleanness. # 5:2,3 12,1-13:59 15:1-33 22:4 Nu 19:11-16 * any unclean. # 11:24-42 De 14:7,8,10,12-20 * abominable. # 11:10-13,20,41,42 De 14:3 Eze 4:14 * cut off. # 20,25,27 17:10,14 18:29 Ge 17:14 Ex 12:15,19 30:33-38 # 22 * fat. Any other fat they might eat; but the fat of these was sacred, because they were the only animals which were offered in sacrifice, though many others ranked among the clean animals as well as these. This prohibition may, however, be understood of these animals when offered in sacrifice, and then only in reference to the inward fat, described in ver. 4. Of the fat in any other circumstances, it cannot be intended, as it was one of the especial blessings which God gave to his people.--"Butter of kine, and milk of sheep, with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats," were the provision which he graciously bestowed on his followers. (See De 32:12-14.) # 3:16,17 4:8-10 17:6 De 32:38 1Sa 2:15-17,29 Ac 28:27 Ro 8:13 # Ro 13:13 * beast. Heb. carcase. # 17:15 22:8 Ex 22:31 De 14:21 Eze 4:14 44:31 * shall be cut off. # 21 * ye shall eat. The prohibition of the fat or suet, which was restricted to animals offered in sacrifice, taught reverence to the altar and ordinances of God; but that of blood, which was extended to all land animals, had especial respect to the atoning blood of the sacrifice, and of the great antitype which the sacrifice prefigured. # 3:17 17:10-14 Ge 9:4 1Sa 14:33,34 Eze 33:25 Joh 6:53 Ac 15:20 # Ac 15:29 Eph 1:7 1Ti 4:4 * that soul. # 20,21,25 Heb 10:29 * shall be. Shall be excommunicated or cut off from the people of God, and so deprived of any part of their inheritance or of their blessings. # 28 # 3:1-17 Col 1:20 1Jo 1:7 * own hands. # 3:3,4,9,14 Ps 110:3 Joh 10:18 2Co 8:12 * with the breast. # 8:27 9:21 * See on # Ex 29:24-28 Nu 6:20 * the priest. # 3:5,11,16 * the breast. # 34 5:13 6:16,26 8:29 Nu 18:18 # 34 8:25,26 9:21 10:14 Nu 6:20 18:18,19 De 18:3 1Co 9:13,14 * that offereth. # 3 6:1-30 26:1-46 * the wave. See on ver. # 30-32 10:14,15 Ex 29:28 Nu 18:18,19 De 18:3 * by a statue. See on ch. # 3:17 Ex 29:9 * portion. # 8:10-12,30 Ex 29:7,21 40:13-15 Isa 10:27 61:1 Joh 3:34 # 2Co 1:21 1Jo 2:20,27 * he presented. # Ex 28:1 29:1 Nu 18:7-19 * in the day. # 8:12,30 Ex 40:13,15 * the law. # 1:1-17 6:9-13 Ex 29:38-42 * meat. # 2:1-16 6:14-18 * sin. # 4:1-35 6:24-30 * trespass. # 1-7 5:1-6:7 * consecrations. # 6:20-23 Ex 29:1 * sacrifice. # 11-21 3:1-17 * commanded. See on ch. # 1:1,2 1 Moses consecrates Aaron and his sons. 14 Their sin offering. 18 Their burnt offering. 22 The ram of consecration. 31 The place and time of their consecration. # 1 * Aaron. # Ex 29:1-4 * garments. # Ex 28:2-4,40-43 39:1-31,41 * anointing. # Ex 30:23-37 40:12-15 * bullock. # Ex 29:1,2 Heb 7:27 # Nu 20:8 21:16 1Ch 13:5 15:3 2Ch 5:2,6 30:2,13,25 Ne 8:1 # Ps 22:25 Ac 2:1 # 9,13,17,29,35 Ex 39:1,5,7,21,26,29,31,32,42,43 De 12:32 # Mt 28:20 1Co 11:23 15:3 * Lord commanded to be done. # Ex 29:4-37 * washed. # Ex 29:4 40:12 Ps 51:2,7 Isa 1:16 Eze 36:25 Zec 13:1 # Joh 13:8-10 1Co 6:11 Eph 5:26 Heb 9:10 10:22 Re 1:5,6 7:14 * he put. See on # Ex 28:4 29:5 39:1-7 Isa 61:3,10 Ro 3:22 13:14 Ga 3:27 * the ephod. The {ephod} seems to have been a garment worn by persons of distinction of various characters (2 Sa 6:4); the description of which in the book of Exodus (ch. 28:6, etc.) relates only to its materials. As to its shape, the LXX. calls it [ ,] which signifies that it was worn on the shoulders. So also Josephus, who says it was a cubit long. St. Jerome compares it with the Roman {caracalla,} which was a sort of short cloak, only that it had a head or hood, which the ephod had not. * the breast plate. # Ex 28:15-29 39:8-21 So 8:6 Isa 59:17 Eph 6:14 1Th 5:8 * the Urim. # Ex 28:30 Ezr 2:63 # Ex 28:4,36-38 29:6 39:28-30 Zec 3:5 6:11-14 Php 2:9-11 # Ex 30:23-29 40:9-11 # Ex 4:6,17 16:14,19 Isa 52:15 Eze 36:25 Tit 3:6 # 4:3 21:10,11,12 Ex 28:41 29:7 30:30 Ps 133:2 * Moses. # Ex 28:40,41 29:8,9 40:14,15 Ps 132:9 Isa 61:6,10 1Pe 2:5,9 # Re 1:6 5:10 * coats. The {kethoneth,} or coat, was made of linen; but the form of it is no where described in Scripture, except in the visionary appearance of Christ to St. John, in the form and habit of a priest (Re 1:13); where he is said to be [ ,] "clothed with a garment down to the feet," which perfectly agrees with the description the Jewish writers give of it; who also say, that it had sleeves which came down to the wrist, and was tied about the neck; so that it was not unlike a long shirt. It was common to all the priests; but the tunic of the high priest was made of finer linen, or wove in a more curious manner. (Ex 28:4.) * put. Heb. bound. bonnets. The {migbaôth}, or bonnets, are described by Josephus as being like helmets of linen, one wreath being plaited and folded over another and a thin cap, suited to its shape, put over all, to prevent its unfolding. * he brought. # 2 4:3-12 16:6 Ex 29:10-14 Isa 53:10 Eze 43:19 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 # Heb 7:26-28 1Pe 3:18 * laid. # 1:4 4:4 16:21 * he slew it. # 1:5,11 3:2,8 Ex 29:10,11 * Moses. # 4:7,17,18,30 Ex 29:12,36,37 Eze 43:19-27 Heb 9:18-23 * to make. # 6:30 16:20 2Ch 29:24 Eze 45:20 Da 9:24 Ro 5:10 2Co 5:18-21 # Eph 2:16 Col 1:21,22 Heb 2:17 The beginning of this verse may be rendered, "And Moses slew it, and took the blood," etc. We find it expressly said in Exodus, that Moses slew the sacrifices. # Ex 29:11 Yet, in general, the offerer seems to have killed his own sacrifice. # 3:3-5 4:8,9 Ex 29:13 # 4:11,12,21 6:30 16:27 Ex 29:14 Ga 3:13 Heb 13:11-13 * See on ch. # 1:4-13 Ex 29:15-18 # 19 # 20 * a sweet savour. # 1:17 2:9 Ge 8:21 Ex 29:18 Eph 5:2 * the ram of consecration. # 2,29 7:37 Ex 29:19-31 Joh 17:19 1Co 1:30 2Co 5:21 # Eph 5:25,27 Re 1:5,6 "The ram of consecration" was evidently a sacrifice of peace offering though presented on a particular occasion. Part of the blood was applied, not as that of the sin offering, to the horns of the altar, but to Aaron and his sons; to the tips of their right ears, the thumbs of their right hands, and the great toes of their right feet: implying their obligation to hearken diligently to the word of God--to do his work in the best manner which they could, and to walk in his ways with steady perseverance; and also, that they could not do these things acceptably except through the atoning blood, received and applied by faith. Then part of the blood reserved upon the altar, probably in a basin for that purpose, was mingled with the holy anointing oil, and sprinkled on the garments both of Aaron and his sons, to hallow them to the Lord. "This may be looked upon as a lively representation of our purification by the blood of jesus Christ, through his Holy Spirit."--Bp. Patrick * Moses took. # 14:14,17,28 Ex 29:20 Ro 6:13,19 12:1 1Co 1:2,30 6:20 # 1Th 5:22 Php 1:20 2:17 Heb 2:10 5:8 * Moses sprinkled. # Heb 9:22 * See on ch. # 3:3-5,9 Ex 29:22-25 Pr 23:26 Isa 53:10 # Ex 29:23 Joh 1:14 Ac 5:12 1Ti 2:5 * upon Aaron's. # Ex 29:24-37 Jer 30:21 Heb 9:14 * and waved. See on ch. # 7:30,31 * Moses. # Ex 29:25 Ps 22:13,14 Zec 13:7 Heb 10:14-22 * they were. See on ver. # 22 # 7:30-34 Ex 29:26,27 Isa 66:20 1Co 10:31 1Pe 4:11 * the anointing. See on # Ex 29:21 30:30 Isa 61:1,3 Ga 5:22-25 Heb 2:11 1Pe 1:2 # 1Jo 2:27 Re 7:14 * and sanctified. # 10:3 Nu 3:3 * Boil. # 6:28 7:15 Ex 29:31,32 De 12:6,7 1Sa 2:13-17 Eze 46:20-24 * eat it. # 10:17 Joh 6:33,35,51,53-56 Ga 2:20 # 7:17 Ex 12:10 29:34 Pr 27:1 Ec 9:10 2Co 6:2 Heb 3:13,14 * seven days. # 14:8 Ex 29:30,35 Nu 19:12 Eze 43:25-27 # Heb 7:16,27 10:11,12 * the tabernacle. # 14:8 Ex 29:35 Nu 19:12 Eze 43:25 2Co 7:1 Col 2:9,10 Heb 7:28 # Heb 9:23,24 * keep. # 30 10:1 Nu 3:7 9:19 De 11:1 1Ki 2:3 1Ti 1:3,4,18 5:21 # 1Ti 6:13,17,20 2Ti 4:1 * Aaron. This was necessary to be added, to show the exact fulfilment of the commandments delivered to Moses, and which are recorded in Exodus, ch. 29; and consequently the complete consecration and preparation of Aaron and his sons to fill the awfully important office of priests and mediators between God and the children of Israel, to offer sacrifices, and make atonement for the sins of the people. # Ex 39:43 40:16 De 4:2 12:32 1Sa 15:22 1 The first offerings of Aaron, for himself and the people. 8 The sin offering, 12 and the burnt offering for himself. 15 The offerings for the people. 23 Moses and Aaron bless the people. 24 Fire comes from the Lord, upon the altar. * the eighth day. Not on the eighth day of the month, but on the first day after their consecration, which occupied seven days, and before which they were deemed unfit to minister in holy things, being considered in a state of imperfection. All creatures, for the most part, were considered as in a state of uncleanness and imperfection, seven days, and perfected on the eighth. (see ch. 12:2, 3; 14:8-10; 15:13, 14; 22:27; Nu 6:9, 10.) # 8:33 14:10,23 15:14,29 Nu 6:10 Eze 43:26,27 Mt 28:1 * a young. # 7,8 4:3 8:14 Ex 29:1 2Co 5:21 Heb 5:3 7:27 10:10-14 * and a ram. # 8:18 * Take ye. # 4:23 16:5,15 Ezr 6:17 10:19 Isa 53:10 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 # Tit 2:14 Heb 9:26-28 1Pe 2:24 3:18 Re 5:9 * a kid. As the offering here is a kid, which was the sacrifice of the sin of the ruler, some think that the reading of the Samaritan and the LXX. is to be preferred: "Speak unto the Elders of Israel." * a calf. See on ver. # 2 * both. # 12:6 14:10 23:12 Ex 12:5 * a bullock. See on ch. # 3:1-17 * and a meat. # 2:1-16 6:14-23 Nu 15:3-9 * to-day. # 6,23 Ex 16:10 19:11 24:16 29:43 40:34,35 Nu 14:10 16:19 # 1Ki 8:10-12 Eze 43:2 * and all the congregation. # Ex 19:17 De 31:12 1Ch 15:3 2Ch 5:2,3 Ne 8:1 * and the glory. # 23 Ex 16:10 24:16 40:34,35 1Ki 8:10-12 2Ch 5:13,14 # Eze 43:2 * offer thy. # 2 4:3,20 8:34 1Sa 3:14 Heb 5:3 7:27,28 9:7 * offer the. # 4:16-20 Heb 5:1 # 1:4,5 4:4,29 # 4:6,7,17,18,25,30 8:15 16:18 Heb 2:10 9:22,23 10:4-19 * the fat. See on ch. # 3:3-5,9-11 4:8-12,34,35 8:16,17 Ps 51:17 Pr 23:26 Isa 53:10 # Isa 57:15 66:2 * as the Lord. # 4:8 # 4:11,12,21 8:17 16:27,28 Heb 13:11,12 * See on ch. # 1:1-17 8:18-21 Eph 5:2,25-27 # 13 # 8:21 # 3 4:27-31 9:15 Nu 28:1-29:31 Isa 53:10 2Co 5:21 Tit 2:14 # Heb 2:17 5:3 * manner. or, ordinance. # 12-14 1:3-10 8:18-21 Heb 10:1-22 * the meat. # 1 2:1,2 Ex 29:38,41 Joh 6:53 Ga 2:20 * took an handful thereof. Heb. filled his hand out of it. beside. # Ex 29:38-42 * a sacrifice. # 3:1-17 7:11-18 Ro 5:1,10 Eph 2:14-17 Col 1:20 # 10 3:5,16 * they put. # 7:29-34 * burnt. # 3:14-17 * the breasts. # 7:24,26,30-34 Ex 29:27,28 Isa 49:3 Lu 2:13 1Pe 4:11 * as Moses commanded. The Samaritan text, and thirty MSS. have, {kaasher tzivvah yehowah eth Moshe,} "as Jehovah commanded Moses;" which is also the reading of the LXX., Arabic, and Targum of Onkelos, and seems to be the true reading, being supported, not only by these authorities, but by the whole chapter itself.' * his hand. or, as the Greek has it, "his hands." Menachem gives reason why it is written hand, to signify the right hand, because that was lifted up higher than the left. The lifting up of the hand was a gesture used in speaking, and signifying any weighty thing, Isa 49:22; and particularly in swearing, Ge 14:22; praying, Ps 28:2; and blessing, either of God, Ps 134:2, or of men, as in this place. Paul, speaking of prayer, uses the phrase, "lifting up holy hands;" as also David: "Let the lifting up of my hands be as the evening sacrifice." # Ge 14:18-20 Nu 6:23-27 De 10:8 21:5 1Ki 8:55 1Ch 23:13 # 2Ch 6:3 Ps 72:17 Mr 10:16 Lu 24:50 Ac 3:26 2Co 13:14 # Heb 7:6,7 1Pe 3:9 * came out. # Lu 1:21,22 Heb 9:24-28 * the glory. # 6 Nu 14:10 16:19,42 * there came a fire. These victims were consumed by a fire of no human kindling. Josephus says that "a fire proceeded from the victims themselves, of its own accord, which had the appearance of a flash of lightning, and consumed all that was upon the altar." # 6:13 Ge 4:3,4 15:17 Ex 3:2 Jud 6:21 13:19,20,23 1Ki 18:38 # 2Ki 19:15 1Ch 21:26 2Ch 6:2 7:1-3 Ps 20:3,4 80:1 *marg: * they shouted. # Ge 17:3 Nu 14:5 16:22 1Ki 18:39 2Ch 7:3 Ezr 3:11 Mt 26:39 # Re 4:9 5:8 7:11 1 Nadab and Abihu, for offering strange fire, are burnt by fire. 6 Aaron and his sons are forbidden to mourn for them. 8 The priests are forbidden wine when they are to go into the tabernacle. 12 The law of eating the holy things. 16 Aaron's excuse for transgressing thereof. * Nadab. # 16:1 22:9 Ex 6:23 24:1,9 28:1 Nu 3:3,4 26:61 * censer. # 16:12 Ex 27:3 38:3 Nu 16:6,7,16,17,46 Heb 9:4 * put incense. # Ex 30:1-9,34-36 31:11 37:29 40:27 1Ki 13:1,2 2Ch 26:16-20 # Ps 141:2 Jer 44:8,15,19-21 Lu 1:9-11 Re 8:3-5 * strange. # 9:24 16:12 Nu 16:18,46 * which. # Ex 30:9 De 4:2 12:32 17:3 Jer 7:31 19:5 32:35 Bp. Hall says, "It is a dangerous thing, in the service of God, to decline from his institutions; we have to do with a God, who is wise to prescribe his own worship--just to require what he has prescribed--and powerful to avenge what he has not prescribed." * fire. # 9:24 16:1 Nu 3:3,4 16:35 26:61 2Sa 6:7 2Ki 1:10,12 1Ch 24:2 * they died. # Nu 3:3,4 16:32,33,49 26:61 1Sa 6:19 1Ch 13:10 15:13 Ac 5:5,10 # 1Co 10:11 This fire, which destroyed the sacrificers, came from the same source with that which had consumed the sacrifices. * See ch. # 9:24 Note. They died.--The wages of sin is death.--They died suddenly--they died before the Lord; that is, before the vail that covered the mercy-seat.--They died by fire, as by fire they sinned. The fire did not burn them to ashes, as it had done the sacrifices, nor so much as singe their coats, (ver. 5) but struck them dead in an instant. By these different effects of the same fire, we learn that it was no common fire, but kindled by the breath of the Almighty. # Isa 30:33 * I will be. # 8:35 21:6,8,15,17,21 22:9 Ex 14:4 19:22 29:43,44 Nu 20:12 # De 32:51 1Sa 6:20 1Ch 15:12,13 Ps 89:7 119:120 Isa 52:11 # Eze 20:41 42:13 Heb 12:28,29 * before. # 1Sa 2:30 Isa 49:3 Eze 28:22 Joh 12:28 13:31,32 14:13 # Ac 5:11-13 2Th 1:10 1Pe 4:17 * Aaron. # Ge 18:25 1Sa 3:18 Job 1:20,21 2:10 Ps 39:9 46:10 Isa 39:8 # Mt 10:37 * Uzziel. # Ex 6:18,22 Nu 3:19,30 1Ch 6:2 * carry. # Lu 7:12 Ac 5:6,9,10 8:2 # 5 * Uncover. # 13:45 21:1-15 Ex 33:5 Nu 5:18 6:6,7 14:6 De 33:9 Jer 7:29 # Eze 24:16,17 Mic 1:16 * lest wrath. # Nu 16:22,41-47 Jos 7:1,11 22:18,20 2Sa 24:1,15-17 * ye shall. # 21:12 Mt 8:21,22 Lu 9:60 * the anointing. # 8:12,30 Ex 28:41 30:30 40:13-15 Ac 10:38 2Co 1:21 # 8 * Do not. # Nu 6:3,20 Pr 31:4,5 Isa 28:7 Jer 35:5,6 Eze 44:21 Lu 1:15 # Eph 5:18 1Ti 3:3,8 5:23 Tit 1:7 * strong drink. The Hebrew {shecher,} Arabic {sakar,} or {sukr,} Greek [ ,] from {shachar,} to inebriate, signifies any kind of fermented and inebriating liquor beside wine. So St. Jerome informs us, that {sicera} in Hebrew denotes any inebriating liquor, whether made of corn, the juice of apples, honey, dates, or any other fruit. These different kinds of liquors are described by Pliny, who calls then {vina factitia}. One of the four prohibited drinks among the Mohammedans in India is called {sakar,} which denotes inebriating liquor in general, but especially date wine. * it shall be. See on ch. # 3:17 # 11:47 20:25,26 Jer 15:19 Eze 22:26 44:23 Tit 1:15 1Pe 1:14-16 # De 24:8 33:10 2Ch 17:9 30:22 Ne 8:2,8 9:13,14 Jer 2:8 18:18 # Mal 2:7 Mt 28:20 Ac 20:27 1Th 4:2 * Take. # 2:1-16 6:15-18 7:9 21:22 Ex 29:2 Nu 18:9,10 Eze 44:29 * for it is most. # 21:22 * ye shall. # Nu 18:10 * for so I. # 2:3 6:16 # 7:29-34 9:21 Ex 29:24-28 Nu 18:11 Joh 4:34 * heave shoulder. # 7:29,30,34 * for ever. # 7:34 Ge 13:15 17:8,13,17 1Co 9:13,14 * the goat. # 6:26,30 9:3,15 * angry. # Ex 32:19-22 Nu 12:3 Mt 5:22 Mr 3:5 10:14 Eph 4:26 * Wherefore. # 6:26,29 7:6,7 * to bear. # 16:22 22:16 Ex 28:38,43 Nu 18:1 Isa 53:6-11 Eze 4:4-6 # Eze 18:19,20 Joh 1:29 2Co 5:21 Heb 9:28 1Pe 2:24 * the blood. # 6:30 * as I commanded. # 6:26,30 * this day. # 9:8,12 Heb 7:27 9:8 * should. # De 12:7 26:14 1Sa 1:7,8 Isa 1:11,15 Jer 6:20 14:12 Ho 9:4 # Mal 1:10,13 2:13 Php 4:4 * he was content. # 2Ch 30:18-20 Zec 7:8,9 Mt 12:3-7,20 1 What beasts may; 4 and what may not be eaten. 9 What fishes. 13 What fowls. 29 The creeping things which are unclean. # 1 # De 14:3-8 Eze 4:14 Da 1:8 Mt 15:11 Mr 7:15-19 Ac 10:12,14 # Ro 14:2,3,14,15 1Ti 4:4-6 Heb 9:10 13:9 Of the laws relative to clean and unclean beasts, which are recorded in this chapter and Deut. ch. 14 the following may be found a useful abstract. 1. In regard to quadrupeds, all beasts that have their feet completely cloven, above as well as below, and at the same time chew the cud, are clean. Those which have neither, or indeed want one of these distinguishing marks, are unclean. This is a systematic division of quadrupeds so excellent, as never yet, after all the improvements in natural history, to have become obsolete, but, on the contrary, to be still considered as useful by the greatest masters of the science. 2. With regard to fishes, Moses has in like manner, made a very simple systematic distinction. All that have scales and fins are clean; all others unclean. 3. Of birds, he merely specifies certain sorts as forbidden, thereby permitting all others to be eaten. 4. Insects, serpents, worms, etc., are prohibited; but with regard, however to those winged insects, which besides four walking legs, also have two longer springing legs, (Pedes saltatorii,) Moses makes an exception, and under the denomination of locusts, declares them clean in all four stages of their existence. In Palestine, Arabia, and the adjoining countries, locusts are one of the most common articles of food, and people would be very ill of if they durst not eat them: For, when a swarm of them desolates the fields, they prove in some measure themselves an antidote to the famine which they occasion. They are not only eaten fresh, immediately on their appearance, but the people collect them, and know a method of preserving them for a long time for food, after they have dried them in an oven. --Niebuhr's Description of Arabia, pp. 170-175. * parteth. # Ps 1:1 Pr 9:6 2Co 6:17 * cheweth. # De 6:6,7 16:3-8 Ps 1:2 Pr 2:1,2,10 Ac 17:11 1Ti 4:15 * unclean unto you. # Ge 7:1,2 De 14:1-29 Isa 52:11 1Co 8:13 1Th 5:22 1Jo 3:4 * the coney. {Shaphan,} most probably an animal resembling the rabbit, called by Dr. Shaw, {daman} (probably for {ganam}) Israel, "Israel's lamb," and by Bruce, {ashkoko,} which name he imagines is "derived from the singularity of these long herenacious hairs, which, like small thorns, grow about his back, and which an Amhara are called {ashok.}" This curious animal abounds in Judea, Palestine, Arabia, and Ethiopia; and is described as being about seventeen inches when sitting. It has no tail; and at first sight gives the idea of a rat. Its colour is grey, mixed with reddish brown; the belly white, the body covered with strong polished hairs, for the most part about two inches in length; the ears round, and not pointed; the feet round, of a soft, pulpy, tender substance; the toes projecting beyond the nails, which are rather broad than sharp; the upper jaw is longer than the other; it lives upon grain, fruit, and roots, and certainly chews the cud; and it does not burrow like the hare and rabbit, but lives in clefts of the rocks. # Ps 104:18 Pr 30:26 * but divideth. # Job 36:14 Mt 7:26 Ro 2:18-24 Php 3:18,19 2Ti 3:5 Tit 1:16 * the hare. # De 14:7 * swine. # De 14:8 Isa 65:4 66:3,17 Mt 7:6 Lu 8:33 15:15 2Pe 2:18-22 * they are unclean. # 5:2 Isa 52:11 Ho 9:3 Mt 15:11,20 Mr 7:2,15,18 Ac 10:10-15 # Ac 10:28 15:29 Ro 14:14-17,21 1Co 8:8 2Co 6:17 Eph 5:7,11 # Col 2:16,21-23 Heb 9:10 # De 14:9,10 Ac 20:21 Ga 5:6 Jas 2:18 1Jo 5:2-5 * they shall be. # 7:18 De 14:3 Ps 139:21,22 Pr 13:20 29:27 Re 21:8 # 11 # 12 * the eagle. In Hebrew, {nesher,} Chaldee, {neshar,} Syriac, {neshro,} and Arabic, {nishr,} the eagle, one of the largest, strongest, swiftest, fiercest, and most rapacious of the feathered race. His eye is large, dark, and piercing; his beak powerful and hooked; his legs strong and feathered; his feet yellow and armed with four very long and terrific claws; his wings very large and powerful; his body compact and robust; his bones hard; his flesh firm; his feathers coarse; his attitude fierce and erect; his motions lively; his flight extremely rapid and towering; and his cry the terror of every wing. # De 14:12-20 Job 28:7 38:41 39:27-30 Jer 4:13,22 48:40 La 4:19 # Ho 8:1 Hab 1:8 Mt 24:28 Ro 1:28-32 3:13-17 Tit 3:3 the ossifrage. {Peres,} from {paras} to break, probably the species of eagle anciently called {ossifraga} or bone-breaker, (from {os,} a bone, and {frango,} to break,) because it not only strips off the flesh, but breaks the bone, in order to extract the marrow. the ospray. Hebrew {ózniyah,} Arabic {azan,} and Chaldee {azyah,} (from {azaz,} to be strong,) a species of eagle, probably the black eagle, so remarkable for its strength. # 14 # Ge 8:7 1Ki 17:4,6 Pr 30:17 Lu 12:24 # De 14:15-18 Ps 102:6 Isa 13:21,22 34:11-15 Joh 3:19-21 # Eph 2:2,3 4:18,19 5:7-11 Php 3:18,19 1Th 5:5-7 Re 18:2 # 17 # 18 * bat. # Isa 2:20 66:17 # 23,27 De 14:19 2Ki 17:28-41 Ps 17:14 Mt 6:24 Php 3:18,19 # 2Ti 4:10 1Jo 2:15-17 Jude 1:10,19 # 21 # Ex 10:4,5 Isa 35:3 Mt 3:4 Mr 1:6 Ro 14:1 15:1 Heb 5:11 # Heb 12:12,13 # 23 # 8,27,28,31,38-40 17:15,16 Isa 22:14 1Co 15:33 2Co 6:17 # Eph 2:1-3 5:11 Col 2:16,17,20 Heb 9:26 1Jo 1:7 * wash his clothes, and be unclean. # 28,40 14:8 15:5,7-11,13 16:28 Ex 19:10,14 Nu 19:8,10,19,21,22 # Nu 31:24 Ps 51:2,7 Zec 13:1 Joh 13:8 Ac 22:16 Heb 9:10 10:22 # 1Pe 3:21 1Jo 1:7 Re 7:14 # 26 * See ver. # 20,23 * beareth. # 24,25 * shall wash. # 14 * creeping things that creep. # 20,21,41,42 Ps 10:3 17:13,14 Hag 2:6 Lu 12:15 16:14 Joh 6:26 # Joh 6:66 Eph 4:14 Php 3:19 Col 3:5 2Ti 3:2-5 Heb 13:5 # 30 # 8,24,25 * it must be put into water. # 6:28 15:12 Tit 2:14 3:5 * ye shall break it. # 35 14:45 Jer 48:38 2Co 5:1-8 Php 3:21 # Pr 15:8 21:4,27 28:8 Tit 1:15 * they shall be. # 33 6:28 15:12 2Co 5:1-7 * a fountain. # Zec 13:1 Joh 4:14 * wherein there is plenty of water. Heb. a gathering together of waters. * sowing seed. # 1Co 15:37 1Pe 1:23 1Jo 3:9 5:18 # 38 # 24,28,31,40 15:5,7 Nu 19:11,16 * eateth. See on ver. # 25 17:15,16 22:8 Ex 22:31 De 14:21 Isa 1:16 Eze 4:14 36:25 # Eze 44:31 Zec 13:1 1Co 6:11 10:21 1Jo 1:7 * shall wash. # 28 14:8,9 15:5-10,27 16:26,28 Nu 19:7,8,19 * See on ver. # 20,23,29 * goeth upon the belly. # Ge 3:14,15 Isa 65:25 Mic 7:17 Mt 3:7 23:23 Joh 8:44 # 2Co 11:3,13 Tit 1:12 * hath more feet. Heb. doth multiply feet. * Ye shall. # 41,42 20:25 * yourselves. Heb. your souls. * I am the. See on # Ex 20:2 * ye shall. # 10:3 19:2 20:7,26 Ex 19:6 De 14:2 1Sa 6:20 Ps 99:5,9 # Isa 6:3-5 Am 3:3 Mt 5:48 1Th 4:7 1Pe 1:15,16 2:9 Re 22:11 * that bringeth. # Ex 6:7 Ps 105:43-45 * be holy. See on ver. # 44 Ex 6:7 20:2 Ps 105:43-45 Ho 11:1 1Th 4:7 * This. The distinction of clean and unclean animals, (see note on Le 11:2) existed even before the flood, though it probably then only related to sacrifices; but at this time we find there were very particular laws enacted respecting the diet of the people, and the ceremonial uncleanness contracted by touching the carcases of unclean animals. The reasons for the enactment of these laws seem to be--1. As a test of obedience, and to teach the Israelites habits of self-denial, and the government of their appetites. 2. To keep them distinct from other nations, and consequently from their idolatrous usages, by throwing hindrances in the way of their social intercourse; for these distinctions were applicable both to persons and things. The Canaanites not only ate the animals prohibited by Moses, which we usually eat, but others also, among which dogs were one. Besides, many of those declared unclean were sacred among the heathen, and sacrificed to their gods. 3. Because those prohibited were innutritive and unwholesome; as the swine, the flesh of which being strong and difficult to digest, affords a very gross aliment, and produces, especially in hot climates, cutaneous, scrophulous, and scorbutic disorders, as the itch, leprosy, etc. # 7:37 14:54 15:32 Eze 43:12 # 10:10 Eze 44:23 Mal 3:18 Ro 14:2,3,13-23 1 The purification of a woman after childbirth. 6 Her offerings for her purifying. # 1 * If a woman. # Ge 1:28 3:16 Job 14:4 15:14 25:4 Ps 51:5 Lu 2:22 Ro 5:12-19 * according. # 15:19 # Ge 17:11,12 De 30:6 Lu 1:59 2:21 Joh 7:22,23 Ro 3:19 4:11,12 # Ga 3:17 5:3 Php 3:5 Col 2:11 # 15:25-28 Hag 2:13 Lu 2:22,23 # 2,4 Ge 3:13 1Ti 2:14,15 * a lamb. # 1:10-13 5:6-10 14:22 15:14,29 Nu 6:10 Lu 2:22 Joh 1:29 # 2Co 5:21 Heb 7:26 1Pe 1:18,19 * of the first year. Heb. a son of his year. * make. See on ch. # 1:4 4:20,26,31,35 Job 1:5 14:4 Ro 3:23,26 1Co 7:14 # Heb 9:12-14 * be cleansed. # 15:28-30 * a male. # Ga 3:28 * she be not able to bring a lamb. Heb. her hand find not sufficiency of a lamb. # 1:14 5:7 14:22 15:14,29 Lu 2:22,24 2Co 8:9 * make an atonement. # 4:26 When burnt offerings and sin offerings were brought together, the sin offerings were first offered. 1 The laws and tokens whereby the priest is to be guided in discerning the leprosy. # 1 * rising. or, swelling. a scab. # 14:56 De 28:27 Isa 3:17 * the plague of leprosy. {Tzaräâth,} the Leprosy, from the Greek [ ,] from [ ,] a scale; so called, because in this disease the body is covered with thin white scales, so as to give it the appearance of snow. The leprosy is a dreadful, contagious disorder, common in Egypt and Syria, and generally manifests itself at first in the manner described in the text. Its commencement is imperceptible; there appearing only a few reddish spots on the skin, which are not attended with pain or any other symptom, but cannot be removed. It increases imperceptibly, and continues for some years to be more and more manifest. The spots become larger, spread over the whole skin, and are sometimes rather raised, though generally flat. When it increases the upper part of the nose swells, the nostrils distend, the nose becomes soft, swellings appear on the under jaws, the eyebrows are elevated, the ears grow thick, the ends of the fingers, feet, and toes, swell, the nails grow scaly, the joints of the hands and feet separate, the palms of hands and soles of the feet are ulcerated, and in its last stage the patient becomes horrible, and falls to pieces. # 14:3,35 Ex 4:6,7 Nu 12:10,12 2Sa 3:29 2Ki 5:1,27 2Ch 26:19-21 # Isa 1:6 * he shall. # De 17:8,9 24:8 Mal 2:7 Mt 8:4 Mr 1:44 Lu 5:14 17:14 * shall look. # 2 10:10 Eze 44:23 Hag 2:11 Mal 2:7 Ac 20:28 Ro 3:19,20 7:7 # Heb 13:7 Re 2:23 * turned. # Eze 16:30 Ho 7:9 * deeper. # Ge 13:3 2Ti 2:16,17 3:13 * pronounce. # Mt 16:19 18:17,18 Joh 20:23 Ro 3:19,20 1Co 5:4-6 2Th 3:14,15 # 1Ti 1:20 * shut up. # Nu 12:15 De 13:14 Eze 44:10 1Co 4:5 1Ti 5:24 # 5 * pronounce. # Isa 11:3,4 42:3 Ro 14:1 Jude 1:22,23 * a scab. # 2 De 32:5 Jas 3:2 * wash. # 11:25,28,40 14:8 1Ki 8:38,45 Ps 19:12 Pr 20:9 Ec 7:20 # Joh 13:8-10 2Co 7:1 Heb 9:10 10:22 1Jo 1:7-9 # 27,35,36 Ps 38:3 Isa 1:5,6 Ro 6:12-14 2Ti 2:16,17 * See on ver. # 3 Mt 15:7,8 Ac 8:21 Php 3:18,19 2Pe 2:19 # 9 * shall see him. # 3,4 Nu 12:10-12 2Ki 5:27 2Ch 26:19,20 * quick raw flesh. Heb. the quickening of living flesh. # 14,15,24 Pr 12:1 Am 5:10 Joh 3:19,20 7:7 * old leprosy. # Mt 8:2-4 Lu 5:14 * cover all. # 1Ki 8:38 Job 40:4 42:6 Isa 64:6 Joh 16:8,9 Ro 7:14 1Jo 1:8-10 * if the leprosy. It may seem strange that the partial leper should be pronounced unclean, and the person totally covered with the disease clean. This was probably owing to a different species or stage of the disease; the partial being contagious, the total not. That there are two different species, or degrees, of the disease described here, is sufficiently evident: in one, the person was all covered with a white enamelled scurf; in the other, there was a quick raw flesh in the risings. On this account, the one was deemed unclean, or contagious, the other not; for contact with the quick raw flesh would be more likely to communicate the disease, than the touch of the hard dry scurf. The ichor proceeding from the former, when brought into contact with the flesh of another, would soon be taken into constitution by means of the absorbent vessels; but where the surface was perfectly dry; the absorbent vessels of another, coming in contact with the diseased man, could imbibe nothing, and there was consequently but little or no danger of infection. This is the learned Dr. Mead's view of the subject; who thus accounts for the circumstances mentioned in the text. * he is clean. # Isa 64:6 Joh 9:41 # 10 * raw flesh. # Nu 22:34 # Ro 7:14-24 Ga 1:14-16 Php 3:6-8 1Ti 1:13-15 # 17 * a boil. # Ex 9:9 15:26 2Ki 20:7 Job 2:7 Ps 38:3-7 Isa 38:21 # 19 * in sight. See on ver. # 3 Mt 12:45 Joh 5:14 2Pe 2:20 * shut him. # 1Co 5:5 * a plague. i,e., "The plague of leprosy." # 22 # Ge 38:26 2Sa 12:13 2Ch 19:2,3 Job 34:31,32 40:4,5 Pr 28:13 # Mt 26:75 2Co 2:7 Ga 6:1 1Pe 4:2,3 * a hot burning. Heb. a burning of fire. # Isa 3:24 This is supposed to state the case of such as had been hurt by fire; which would leave a scar, in which the leprosy might appear, and which was to be distinguished by the rules here given. * turned white. # 4,18-20 * then the priest. # 4,5,23 * it is the plague of leprosy. See on ver. # 2 * And if. # Ps 38:3-7,11 Jer 3:12-14 8:4-6 Re 2:5 # 1Ki 8:38 12:28 2Ch 6:29 Ps 53:4 Isa 1:5 5:20 9:15 Mic 3:11 # Mt 6:23 13:14,15 Joh 16:2,3 Ac 22:3,4 26:9,10 2Co 4:3,4 # 2Th 2:11,12 * scall. # 34-37 14:54 * seven days. # 4-6 * yellow hair. # 30 Mt 23:5 Lu 18:9-12 Ro 2:23 * be shaven. # 1Pe 5:6 * the seventh. # 1Jo 4:1 Jude 1:22 Re 2:2 * be not. # 23 * and he shall. See on ver. # 6 # 7,27 2Ti 2:16,17 3:13 # 36 * the priest. # Joh 5:22 # 38 * if the bright. # Ec 7:20 Ro 7:22-25 Jas 3:2 * a freckled spot. The word {bohak,} from the Syriac {behak,} to be white, or shining, here rendered "a freckled spot," is used by the Arabs to denote a kind of leprosy, of which Niebuhr says, "{Bohak} is neither contagious nor dangerous. A black boy at Mocha, who was affected with this eruption, had here and there upon his body white spots. We were told that the use of sulphur had relieved this boy for a time, but had not entirely removed the disease." He adds subsequently from Forskal's papers, "The Arabs call a sort of leprosy, in which some little spots shew themselves here and there on the body, {behaq;} and it is without doubt the same as is named {bohak,} (Le ch. 13). They believe it to be so far from contagious, that one may sleep with a person affected without danger." "On the 15th day of May, 1765, I myself first saw the {Bohak} leprosy in a Jew at Mocha. The spots in this disease are of an unequal size. They do not shine; are not perceptibly higher than the skin; and do not change the colour of the hair. Their colour is an obscure white, inclining to red. The rest of the skin of the patient was darker than that of the people of the country in general; but the spots were not so white as the skin of an European, when not sun-burnt. The spots in this leprosy do not appear on the hands, or near the navel, but on the neck and face, yet not on that part where the hair grows thick. They gradually spread, and continue sometimes only about two months, but in some cases one or two years, and then disappear by degrees, of themselves. This disorder is neither contagious nor hereditary, nor does it occasion any inconvenience." Hence a person infected with the {bohak} is declared clean. * hair is fallen off his head. Heb. head is pilled. # 41 So 5:11 Ro 6:12,19 8:10 Ga 4:13 # 41 * forehead. # 2Ch 26:16-20 # 43 * utterly unclean. # Job 36:14 Mt 6:23 2Pe 2:1,2 2Jo 1:8-10 * his plague. # Isa 1:5 * his clothes. # Ge 37:29 2Sa 13:19 Job 1:20 Jer 3:25 36:24 Joe 2:13 * and his head. # 10:6 21:10 * put. # Eze 24:17,22 Mic 3:7 * Unclean. # Job 42:6 Ps 51:3,5 Isa 6:5 52:11 64:6 La 4:15 Lu 5:8 7:6,7 # Lu 17:12 * the days. # Pr 30:12 * without. # Nu 5:2 12:14,15 2Ki 7:3 15:5 2Ch 26:21 La 1:1,8 1Co 5:5,9-13 # 2Th 3:6,14 1Ti 6:5 Heb 12:15,16 Re 21:27 22:15 * The garment. This leprosy in garments appears so strange to us, that it has induced some, with Bp. Patrick, to consider it as an extraordinary punishment inflicted by God upon the Israelites, as a sign of his high displeasure; while others consider the leprosy in clothes (and also houses) as having no relation to the leprosy in man. When Michaelis was considering the subject, he was told by a dealer in wool, that the wool of sheep which die of a disease, if it has not been shorn from the animal while living, is unfit to manufacture cloth, and liable to something like what Moses here describes, and which he imagines to be the plague of leprosy in garments. The whole account, however, as Dr. A. Clarke observes, seems to intimate that the garment was fretted by the contagion of the real leprosy; which it is probable was occasioned by a species of {animacula,} or vermin, burrowing in the skin, which we know to be the cause of the itch; these, by breeding in the garments, must necessarily multiply their kind, and fret the garments, i.e., corrode a portion of the finer parts, after the manner of moths, for their nourishment. The infection of garments has frequently been known to cause the worst species of scarlet fever, and even the plague; and those infected with {psora}, or itch animal, have communicated the disease even in six or seven years after the infection. # Isa 3:16-24 59:6 64:6 Eze 16:16 Ro 13:12 Eph 4:22 Col 3:3 # Jude 1:23 * thing made of. Heb. work of. # 51 De 8:11 Jude 1:23 Re 3:4 * thing of skin. Heb. vessel, or instrument. it is. See on ver. # 2 * look upon. # Eze 44:23 * plague. # Ge 34:29 * fretting leprosy. # 14:44 * burn. # 11:33,35 De 7:25,26 Isa 30:22 Ac 19:19,20 * fretting leprosy. # 14:44,45 # 53 * wash. # Hag 1:6 * after. # Eze 24:13 Heb 6:4-8 2Pe 1:9 2:20-22 * it be bare within or without. Heb. it be bald in the head thereof, or in the forehead thereof. * rend it out. # Eph 4:25 * shalt burn. # Isa 33:14 Mt 3:12 22:7 25:41 Re 21:8,27 * be washed. # 2Ki 5:10,14 Ps 51:2 2Co 7:1 12:8 Heb 9:10 Re 1:5 The plague of leprosy was inflicted immediately from the hand of God, and came not from natural causes, as other diseases; and therefore must be managed according to a divine law. Miriam's leprosy, and Gehazi's and King Uzziah's were all the punishments of particular sins; and if generally it was so, no marvel there was so much care taken to distinguish it from a common distemper, that none might be looked upon as lying under this extraordinary token of Divine displeasure, but those that really were so. * pronounce. # 1Co 5:3-5 Re 19:8 1 The rites and sacrifices in cleansing the leper. 33 The signs of leprosy in a house. 48 The cleansing of that house. # 1 * the law. # 54-57 13:59 * in the day. # Nu 6:9 * He shall. # Mt 8:2-4 Mr 1:40-44 Lu 5:12-14 17:14 * go forth. Lepers were obliged to live in a detached situation, separate from other people, and to keep themselves actually at a distance from them. They were distinguished by a peculiar dress; and if any person approached, they were bound to give him warning, by crying out, Unclean! unclean! * out of. # 13:46 * be healed. # Ex 15:26 2Ki 5:3,7,8,14 Job 5:18 Mt 10:8 11:5 Lu 4:27 7:22 # Lu 17:15,16-19 1Co 6:9-11 * two birds. or, sparrows. The word {tzippor,} from the Arabic {zaphara,} to fly, is used in the Scriptures to denote birds of every species, particularly small birds. But it is often used in a more restricted sense, as the Hebrew writers assert, to signify the sparrow. Aquinas says the same; and Jerome renders it here the sparrow. So the Greek [ ,] in Matthew and Luke, which signifies a sparrow, is rendered by the Syriac translator {tzipparin}, the same as the Hebrew {tzipporim}. Nor is it peculiar to the Hebrews to give the same name to the sparrow and to fowls of the largest size; for Nicander calls the hen [ ,] the domestic sparrow, and both Plautus and Ausonius call the ostrich, {passer marinus,} "the marine sparrow." It is evident, however, that the word in this passage signifies birds in general; for if the sparrow was a clean bird, there was no necessity for commanding a clean one to be taken, since every one of the species was ceremonially clean; but if it was unclean, then it could not be called clean. # 1:14 5:7 12:8 * cedar. # 6,49-52 Nu 19:6 * scarlet. # Heb 9:19 * hyssop. # Ex 12:22 Nu 19:18 Ps 51:7 * earthen vessel. # 50 Nu 5:17 2Co 4:7 5:1 13:4 Heb 2:14 * the living bird. # Joh 14:19 Ro 4:25 5:10 Php 2:9-11 Heb 1:3 Re 1:18 * dip them. # 51-53 Zec 13:1 Re 1:5 * sprinkle. # Nu 19:18,19 Isa 52:15 Eze 36:25 Joh 19:34 Heb 9:13,19,21 # Heb 10:22 12:24 1Pe 1:2 1Jo 5:6 * seven times. # 51 4:6,17 8:11 16:14,19 2Ki 5:10,14 Ps 51:2,7 Eph 5:26,27 * pronounce. # 13:13,17 * let. # 16:22 Da 9:24 Mic 7:19 Heb 9:26 * into the open field. Heb. upon the face of the field. * wash his. # 11:25 13:6 15:5-8 Ex 19:10,14 Nu 8:7 Re 7:14 * wash himself. # 8:6 1Pe 3:21 Re 1:5,6 * and shall. # Nu 12:15 * seven days. # 8:33-35 13:5 * shave all. # Nu 6:9 8:7 * wash his flesh. Lictenstein states that "among the Koossas, (a nation of South Africa,) there are certain prevailing notions respecting moral [ceremonial] uncleanness. All children are unclean till they are admitted among grown-up persons (which happens with the males through the various ceremonies attending circumcision); all lying-in women are unclean for the first month; all men who have lost their wives, for a fortnight, and all widows for a month; a mother who has lost a child, for two days; all persons who have been present at a death, the men returning from a battle, etc. No one may have intercourse with such an unclean person, till he has washed himself, rubbed his body with fresh paint, and rinsed his mouth with milk. But he must not do this till after the lapse of a certain time, fixed by general consent for each particular case, and during this time he must wholly refrain from washing, painting, or drinking milk." * eighth day. # 23 9:1 15:13,14 * take. # Mt 8:4 Mr 1:44 Lu 5:14 * he lambs. # 1:10 Joh 1:29 1Pe 1:19 * ewe lamb. # 4:32 Nu 6:14 * of the first year. Heb. the daughter of her year. three tenth. # 23:13 Ex 29:40 Nu 15:9 28:20 * a meat offering. # 2:1 Nu 15:4-15 Joh 6:33,51 * log of oil. # 12,15,21,24 # 8:3 Ex 29:1-4 Nu 8:6-11,21 Eph 5:26,27 Jude 1:24 * trespass. # 5:2,3,6,7,18,19 6:6,7 Isa 53:10 * wave them. # 8:27-29 Ex 29:24 * in the place. # 1:5,11 4:4,24 Ex 29:11 * as the sin. # 7:7 10:17 * it is most holy. # 2:3 7:6 21:22 # 8:23,24 Ex 29:20 Isa 1:5 Ro 6:13,19 12:1 1Co 6:20 2Co 7:1 # Php 1:20 1Pe 1:14,15 2:5,9,10 Re 1:5,6 # Ps 45:7 Joh 3:34 1Jo 2:20 # 4:6,17 Lu 17:18 1Co 10:31 # 14 8:30 Ex 29:20,21 Eze 36:27 Joh 1:16 Tit 3:3-6 1Pe 1:2 * the remnant. # 8:12 Ex 29:7 2Co 1:21,22 # Eph 1:17,18 * make an atonement. # 4:26,31 5:16 # 12 5:1,6 12:6-8 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 # 10 Eph 5:2 * poor. # 1:14 5:7 12:8 1Sa 2:8 Job 34:19 Pr 17:5 22:2 Lu 6:20 21:2-4 # 2Co 8:9,12 Jas 2:5,6 * cannot. Heb. his hand reach not. one lamb. See on ver. # 10 * to be waved. Heb. for a waving. * two turtle doves. {Tor,} the turtle or ring-dove, so called by an onomatopoeia from its cooing, as in Greek [ ], Latin, {turtur} and English, turtle. It is a species of the dove or pigeon, here called {yonah,} and in the Syriac {yauno,} from the verb to oppress, afflict, because of its being particularly defenceless, and exposed to rapine and violence. The dove is a genus of birds too well known to need a particular description; and of which there are several species besides the turtle-dove; as the wood pigeon, tame pigeon, and others. The dove is universally allowed to be one of the most beautiful objects in nature. The brilliancy of her plumage, the splendour of her eye, the innocence of her look, the excellence of her dispositions, and the purity of her manners, have been the theme of admiration and praise in every age. To the snowy whiteness of her wings, and the rich golden hues that adorn her neck, the inspired Psalmist alludes in most elegant strains. (Ps 68:13.) The voice of the dove is particularly tender and plaintive, and bears a striking resemblance to the groan of a person in distress; to which the inspired bards frequently allude. (Isa 38:14; 59:11; Eze 7:16.) Her native dwelling is in the caves or hollows of the rock; allusions to which fact also occur in the Sacred Writings, (So 2:14; Jer 48:28.) Her manners are as engaging as her form is elegant, and her plumage rich and beautiful. She is the chosen emblem of simplicity, gentleness, chastity, and feminine timidity, and for this reason, as well as from their abounding in the East, they were probably chosen as offerings by Jehovah. # Ps 68:13 So 2:14 Isa 38:14 59:11 Jer 48:28 Eze 7:16 # 11 * See on ver. # 10-13 * See on ver. # 14-20 Ps 40:6 Ec 5:1 # 26 # 27 # 28 # 18,20 Ex 30:15,16 Joh 17:19 1Jo 2:1,2 5:6 # 22 12:8 15:14,15 Lu 2:24 Ro 8:3 # 31 # 2,54-57 13:59 * whose hand. See on ver. # 10,21 Ps 72:12-14 136:23 Mt 11:5 1Co 1:27,28 # 33 * When. # 23:10 25:2 Nu 35:10 De 7:2 12:1,8 19:1 26:1 27:3 * which I. # Ge 12:7 13:17 17:8 Nu 32:32 De 12:9,10 32:49 Jos 13:1 * I put the plague of leprosy. It was probably from this text, that the leprosy has been in general considered to be a supernatural disease, inflicted immediately by God himself; but it cannot be inferred from this expression, as it is well known, that in Scripture, God is frequently represented as doing what, in the course of his providence, he only permits to be done. # Ex 15:26 De 7:15 1Sa 2:6 Pr 3:33 Isa 45:7 Am 3:6 6:11 Mic 6:9 * a plague. # De 7:26 Jos 7:21 1Sa 3:12-14 1Ki 13:34 Ps 91:10 Pr 3:33 # Zec 5:4 * empty. or, prepare. be not made. # 1Co 15:33 2Ti 2:17,18 Heb 12:15 Re 18:4 # 13:3,19,20,42,49 # 13:50 # 13:7,8,22,27,36,51 The consideration of the circumstances will exhibit the importance and the propriety of the Mosaic ordinance on the subject of the house leprosy. 1. Moses ordained that the owner of a house, when any suspicious spots appeared on the walls, should be bound to give notice of it, in order that the house might be inspected; and that person, as in the case of the human leprosy, was to be the priest, whose duty it was. Now this would serve to check the mischief at its very origin, and make every one attentive to observe it. 2. On notice being given, the priest was to inspect the house, but the occupant had liberty to remove everything previously out of it; and that this might be done, the priest was empowered to order it ex officio; for whatever was found within a house declared unclean, became unclean along with it. 3. If, on the first inspection, the complaint did not appear wholly without foundation, but suspicious spots or dimples were actually to be seen, the house was to be shut up for seven days and then to be inspected anew. If, in this interval, the evil did not spread, it was considered as have been a circumstance merely accidental, and the house was not polluted; but if it had spread, it was not considered a harmless accident, but the real house leprosy; and the stones affected with it were to be broken out of the wall, and carried to an unclean place without the city, and the walls of the whole house here scraped and plastered anew. 4. If, after this, the leprosy broke out afresh, the whole house was to be pulled down, and the materials carried without the city. Moses therefore, never suffered a leprous house to stand. 5. If, on the other hand, the house being inspected a second time, was found clean, it was solemnly so declared, and offering made on the occasion; in order that every one might know for certain that it was not infected, and the public be freed from all fears on that score. By this law many evils were actually prevented--it would check the mischief in its very origin, and make every one attentive to observe it: the people would also guard against those impurities whence it arose, and thus the health be preserved and not suffer in an infected house. These Mosaic statues were intended to prevent infection by the sacred obligations of religion. Ceremonial laws many keep more conscientiously and sacredly than moral precepts. * take away. # Ps 101:5,7,8 Pr 22:10 25:4,5 Isa 1:25,26 Mt 18:17 Joh 15:2 # 1Co 5:5,6,13 Tit 3:10 2Jo 1:10,11 Re 2:2,6,14-16,20 * without the city. # Re 22:15 * into an unclean place. # Job 36:13,14 Isa 65:4 Mt 8:28 24:51 1Ti 1:20 Re 22:15 # Ge 18:19 Jos 24:15 2Ch 17:7-9 19:5-7 29:4,5 Ps 101:6 # Ac 1:20-26 1Ti 5:9,10,21,22 2Ti 2:2 Tit 1:5-9 # Jer 6:28-30 Eze 24:13 Heb 6:4-8 2Pe 2:20,22 Jude 1:12 # 13:51,52 Zec 5:4 * break down. # 1Ki 9:6-9 2Ki 10:27 17:20-23 18:4 25:4-12,25,26 Jer 52:13 # Eze 5:4 Mt 22:7 24:2 Ro 11:7-11 Re 11:2 * into an unclean place. See on ver. # 41 * shall be unclean. # 11:24,25,28 15:5-8,10 17:15 22:6 Nu 19:7-10,21,22 * wash his clothes. See on ver. # 8,9 * shall come in. Heb. in coming in shall come in, etc. because. # 3 Job 5:18 Ho 6:1 Mr 5:29,34 Lu 7:21 1Co 6:11 * See on ver. # 4-7 # 50 * cedar. # Ge 43:3 * scarlet. # Jos 2:18-21 * blood of the. # Heb 9:19 * slain bird. # Mr 15:12-20 Heb 2:14 # 52 # 20 * the law. # 2,32 6:9,14,25 7:1,37 11:46 15:32 Nu 5:29 6:13 19:14 De 24:8 * scall. # 13:30,31 * the leprosy. # 13:47-59 * of a house. # 34 * a rising. # 13:2 * teach. # 10:10 Jer 15:19 Eze 44:23 * when it is unclean, and when it is clean. Heb. in the day of the unclean, and in the day of the clean. this is. # De 24:8 1 The uncleanness of men in their issues. 13 The cleansing of them. 19 The uncleanness of women in their issues. 28 Their cleansing. * Aaron. # 11:1 13:1 Ps 25:14 Am 3:7 Heb 1:1 * unto the. # De 4:7,8 Ne 9:13,14 Ps 78:5 147:19,20 Ro 3:2 * when any man. It is not necessary to consider particularly the laws contained in this chapter, the letter of the text being in general sufficiently plain. It may, however, be observed, that from the pains which persons rendered unclean were obliged to take, the ablutions and separations which they must observe, and the privations to which they must in consequence be exposed, in the way of commerce, traffic, etc., these laws were admirably adapted to prevent contagion of every kind, by keeping the whole from the diseased, and to hinder licentious indulgences and excesses of every description. # 22:4 Nu 5:2 2Sa 3:29 Mt 9:20 Mr 5:25 7:20-23 Lu 8:43 * running issue. or, running of the reins. # 12:3 Eze 16:26 23:20 * thing. Heb. vessel. be unclean. # 1Co 15:33 Eph 5:11 Tit 1:15 # 11:25,28,32 13:6,34 14:8,9,27,46,47 16:26,28 17:15 # Nu 19:10,22 Ps 26:6 51:2,7 Isa 1:16 22:14 Eze 36:25,29 # Heb 9:14,26 10:22 Jas 4:8 Re 7:14 # Isa 1:16 Jas 4:8 # 7 # Isa 1:16 Ga 1:8,9 1Ti 4:1-3 Tit 1:9,10 2Pe 2:1-3 Jas 4:8 # Jude 1:4 * saddle. The word {merchav,} from {rachav,} to ride, here rendered by our translators saddle, and frequently chariot. Mr. Harmer thinks rather means a litter, or {coune,} of which we have already given a description in Ge 31:34. # Ge 31:34 * See on ver. # 5,8 Ps 26:6 Jas 4:8 * whomsoever. It is rather doubtful whether the words hath not rinsed his hands in water refer to him who was diseased, or to him who had his hands touched. Most understand it of the former, that if the person who had the issue rinsed his hands in water, just before he touched any one, he did not communicate any pollution; otherwise, he did. But the Syriac refers it to the person touched by him, though it seems strange that he should be cleansed by washing his hands, when perhaps some other part was touched. # 11 * vessel. # 6:28 11:32,33 Pr 1:21,23 3:21 2Co 5:1 Php 3:21 * shall be broken. # Ps 2:9 * seven days. # 28 8:33 9:1 14:8,10 Ex 29:35,37 Nu 12:14 19:11,12 * wash. # 5,10,11 Jer 33:8 Eze 36:25-29 2Co 7:1 Jas 4:8 Re 1:5 # 29,30 1:14 12:6,8 14:22-31 Nu 6:10 2Co 5:21 Heb 7:26 10:10,12 # Heb 10:14 * the one. # 5:7-10 14:19,20,30,31 * an atonement. # 4:20,26,31,35 12:7 14:18 Nu 15:25 25:13 Mt 3:17 Eph 1:6 # Heb 1:3 # 5 22:4 De 23:10,11 2Co 7:1 1Pe 2:11 1Jo 1:7 * skin. The poorer class of Arabs of our times make use of mats in their tents; and other inhabitants of these countries, who affect ancient simplicity of manners, make use of goat-skins. Dr. R. Chandler, in his Travels in Greece, tells us, that he saw some dervishes at Athens sitting on goat-skins; and that he was afterwards conducted into a room furnished in like manner, with the same kind of carpeting, where he was treated with a pipe and coffee by the chief dervish. Those that are at all acquainted with Oriental manners, in these later times, know that their dervishes (who are a sort of Mohammedan devotees, a good deal resembling the begging friars of the church or Rome) affect great simplicity, and even sometimes austerity, in their dress and way of living. As these dervishes that Dr. Chandler visited sat on goat-skins, and used no other kind of carpet for the accommodation of those who visited them: so it should seem that the Israelites in the wilderness made use of skins for mattresses to lie upon, and consequently, we may equally suppose to sit upon in the day time, instead of a carpet. # 17 * the woman. # 5 Eph 4:17-19 5:3-11 2Ti 2:22 1Pe 2:11 * unclean. # Ex 19:15 1Sa 21:4,5 Ps 51:5 1Co 6:12,18 1Th 4:3-5 Heb 13:4 * and her issue. # 12:2,4 20:18 La 1:8,9,17 Eze 36:17 Mt 15:19 Mr 5:25 * put apart. Heb. in her separation. * See on ver. # 4-9 Pr 2:16-19 5:3-13 6:24,35 7:10-27 9:13-18 22:27 Ec 7:26 # 1Co 15:33 * See on ver. # 5,6 Isa 22:14 2Co 7:1 Heb 9:26 Re 7:14 # 22 # 23 # 33 20:18 Eze 18:6 22:10 1Th 5:22 Heb 13:4 1Pe 2:11 # 19-24 Mt 9:20 Mr 5:25 7:20-23 Lu 8:43 # 26 # 5-8,13,21 17:15,16 Eze 36:25,29 Zec 13:1 Heb 9:14 10:22 # 1Pe 1:18,19 1Jo 1:7 * See on ver. # 13-15 Mt 1:21 1Co 1:30 6:11 Ga 3:13 4:4 Eph 1:6,7 * See on ver. # 14 * sin offering. # 23:19 * burnt offering. # 23:12 * for the issue. # Ps 103:3 Eze 44:23 * Thus shall. # 11:47 13:59 Nu 5:3 De 24:8 Ps 66:18 Eze 44:23 Heb 10:29 # Heb 12:14,15 Jude 1:4 * that they. # 19:30 21:23 Nu 5:3 19:13,20 Eze 5:11 23:38 44:5-7 Da 9:27 # 1Co 3:17 These laws were principally intended to impress the minds of the Israelites with reverence for the sanctuary; and, on the one hand, to shew them what need they had of circumspection, and purity of heart and life, in order to worship the holy God with acceptance; and, on the other hand, that being sinners in a world full of temptations and defilements, they would continually need forgiveness, through the great atonement typified by all the sacrifices, and the sanctification of the Spirit, showed forth by all the purifications. While they were encamped in the desert, it would not be very burdensome to bring the prescribed oblations; but after they were settled in Canaan, many of them at a great distance from the tabernacle, this would become much more difficult. We may, however, observe, continues Mr. Scott, that many of the cases stated only required such washings as might any where be performed, and that those, respecting which sacrifices were appointed, would more rarely occur. We may also suppose, that provided these were brought, when the person who had been unclean first came to the sanctuary, it would suffice: though distance or other hindrances prevented its being done immediately, at the expiration of the seven days. # 1-18 11:46 13:59 14:2,32,54-57 Nu 5:29 6:13 19:14 Eze 43:12 * of her. # 19-30 * and of him. # 24 20:18 1 How the high priest must enter into the holy place. 11 The sin offering for himself. 15 The sin offering for the people. 20 The scape-goat. 29 The yearly feast of the expiations. # 10:1,2 * he come not. # 23:27 Ex 26:33,34 30:10 40:20,21 1Ki 8:6 Heb 9:3,7,8 # Heb 10:19,20 * that he die not. # 13 8:35 Nu 4:19 17:10 Mt 27:51 Heb 4:14-16 10:19 * in the cloud. # Ex 40:34,35 1Ki 8:10-12 2Ch 5:14 * the mercy seat. # Ex 25:17-22 * Aaron. # Heb 9:7,12,24,25 * a young. # 4:3 8:14 Nu 29:7-11 * a ram for a burnt-offering. # 1:3,10 8:18 9:3 * holy line coat. Heb. of holiness. Greek. a sanctified linen coat. This and the other vestures were peculiar for this day, and for the services of this day; that is, for making atonement: the other service, which was ordinary, he performed this day in his other priestly garments. The eight ornaments usually worn by the high priest are enumerated in Exodus xxviii ver.4, etc., and the four that were for this day are here expressed, and are called the white garments, while the others were designated the golden garments, because some were made with gold thread woven in them. These four were made of six double twisted threads, and of flax only. # 6:10 Ex 28:2,39-43 39:27-29 Isa 53:2 Eze 44:17,18 Lu 1:35 # Php 2:7 Heb 2:14 7:26 * therefore. # 8:6,7 Ex 29:4 30:20 40:12,31,32 Re 1:5,6 # 4:14 8:2,14 9:8-16 Nu 29:11 2Ch 29:21 Ezr 6:17 Eze 45:22,23 # Ro 8:3 Heb 7:27,28 10:5-14 * which. # 8:14-17 Heb 9:7 * an atonement, for himself. # 9:7 Ezr 10:18,19 Job 1:5 Eze 43:19,27 Heb 5:2 # 1:3 4:4 12:6,7 Mt 16:21 Ro 12:1 * cast lots. # Nu 26:55 33:54 Jos 18:10,11 1Sa 14:41,42 Pr 16:33 Eze 48:29 # Jon 1:7 Ac 1:23-26 * scape goat. Heb. Azazel, that is, the goat-gone-away. The Hebrew [ ] has been supposed by some to be the name of a place, either a mountain or cliff, to which the goat was led. But no place of that name has ever been pointed out, except a mountain near Sinai, which was too distant for the goat to be conducted there from Jerusalem. Other learned men think it was the name of the devil, who was worshipped by the heathen in the form of a goat. But Bp. Patrick justly objects to this opinion; for it is difficult to conceive, that when the other goat was offered to God, this should be sent among demons. The more probable opinion seems to be, that it was name given to the goat itself, on account of his being let go; from {aiz,} a goat, and {azal,} to depart. So LXX. [ ,] and Vulgate {emissarius,} sent away; Aquila and Symmachus [ ,] or [ .] the goat going away, or dismissed. * upon which. # Ac 2:23 4:27,28 * fell. Heb. went up. * the scape-goat. # 21,22 * to make. # Isa 53:5,6,10,11 Ro 4:25 2Co 5:21 Heb 7:26,27 9:23,24 1Jo 2:2 # 1Jo 3:16 * let him. # 14:7 * See on ver. # 3,6 * from off. # 10:1 Nu 16:18,46 Isa 6:6,7 Heb 9:14 1Jo 1:7 * sweet incense. # Ex 30:34-38 31:11 37:29 Re 8:3,4 * And he. # Ex 30:1,7,8 Nu 16:7,18,46 Re 8:3,4 * the cloud. # Ex 25:21 Heb 4:14-16 7:25 9:24 1Jo 2:1,2 # 4:5,6,17 8:11 Ro 3:24-26 Heb 9:7,13,25 10:4,10-12,19 12:24 * Then shall. # 5-9 Heb 2:17 5:3 9:7,25,26 * bring. # 2 Heb 6:19 9:3,7,12 * an atonement. # 18 8:15 Ex 29:36,37 Eze 45:18,19 Joh 14:3 Heb 9:22,23 * remaineth. Heb. dwelleth. * no man. # Ex 34:3 Isa 53:6 Da 9:24 Lu 1:10 Ac 4:12 1Ti 2:5 Heb 1:3 9:7 # 1Pe 2:24 3:18 * and have made. # 10,11 # 16 4:7,18 Ex 30:10 Joh 17:19 Heb 2:11 5:7,8 9:22,23 # Eze 43:18-22 Zec 13:1 * reconciling. # 16 6:30 8:15 Eze 45:20 2Co 5:19 Col 1:20 * live goat. # Ro 4:25 8:34 Heb 7:25 Re 1:18 * lay. See on ch. # 1:4 Ex 29:10 * confess over. # 26:40 Ezr 10:1 Ne 1:6,7 9:3-5 Ps 32:5 51:3 Pr 28:13 Da 9:3-20 # Ro 10:10 * putting. # Isa 53:6 2Co 5:21 * a fit man. Heb. a man of opportunity. The man that took the scape-goat into the wilderness, and they that burned the sin offering, were to be looked upon as ceremonially unclean, and must not come into the camp till they had washed their clothes and bathed their flesh in water, which signified the defiling nature of sin; even the sacrifice which was made sin, was defiling: also the imperfection of the legal sacrifices, they were so far from taking away sin, that they left some stain even upon those that touched them. * bear upon. # Isa 53:11,12 Joh 1:29 Ga 3:13 Heb 9:28 1Pe 2:24 * not inhabited. Heb. of separation. # Ps 103:10,12 Eze 18:22 Mic 7:19 # 4 Eze 42:14 44:19 Ro 8:3 Php 2:6-11 Heb 9:28 * wash. # 4 8:6 14:9 22:6 Ex 29:4 Heb 9:10 10:19-22 Re 1:5,6 * his garments. # 8:7-9 Ex 28:4-14 29:5 * his burnt. # 3,5 * and make. # 17 # 6 4:8-10,19 Ex 29:13 * he that. # 10,21,22 * wash. # 28 14:8 15:5-11,27 Nu 19:7,8,21 Heb 7:19 * bullock. # 4:11,12,21 6:30 8:17 * without. # Mt 27:31-33 Heb 13:11-14 * See on ver. # 26 * in the seventh. # 23:27-32 Ex 30:10 Nu 29:7 1Ki 8:2 Ezr 3:1 * shall afflict. # Ps 35:13 69:10 Isa 58:3,5 Da 10:3,12 1Co 11:31 2Co 7:10,11 * do no. # 23:3,7,8,21,28,36 Ex 12:16 20:10 Isa 58:13 Heb 4:10 # Ps 51:2,7,10 Jer 33:8 Eze 36:25-27 Eph 5:26 Tit 2:14 # Heb 9:13,14 10:1,2 1Jo 1:7-9 # 23:32 25:4 Ex 31:15 35:2 * the priest. # 4:3,5,16 * consecrate. Heb. fill his hand. # Ex 29:9 *marg: * to minister. # Ex 29:29,30 Nu 20:26-28 * put on the linen. See on ver. # 4 * See on ver. # 6,16,18,19,24 Ex 20:25,26 * an everlasting. # 23:31 Nu 29:7 * once a year. # Ex 30:10 Heb 9:7,25 10:3,14 1 The blood of all slain beasts must be offered to the Lord at the door of the tabernacle. 7 They must not offer to devils. 10 All eating of blood is forbidden; 15 and of all that dies by itself, or is torn. # 1 # 2 * be of. # 8,12,13,15 * that killeth an. # De 12:5-7,11-15,20-22,26,27 * bringeth. # 1:3 De 12:5,6,13,14 Eze 20:40 Joh 10:7,9 14:6 * blood shall. # 7:18 Ps 32:2 Ro 4:6 5:13,20 Phm 1:18,19 * he hath. # Isa 66:3 * be cut off. # 10,14 18:29 20:3,16,18 Ge 17:14 Ex 12:15,19 Nu 15:30,31 * in the open. # Ge 21:33 22:2,13 31:54 De 12:2 1Ki 14:23 2Ki 16:4 17:10 # 2Ch 28:4 Eze 20:28 22:9 * and offer them. # 3:1-17 7:11-21 Ex 24:5 * sprinkle. # 3:2,8,13 * burn. # 3:5,11,16 4:31 Ex 29:13,18 Nu 18:17 * unto devils. # De 32:17 2Ch 11:15 Ps 106:37 Joh 12:31 14:30 1Co 10:20 # 2Co 4:4 Eph 2:2 Re 9:20 * devils. {Seirim,} properly signifies hairy or hairy ones; and hence is used not only for he-goats, but also for some fabulous beings or sylvan gods, to whom was ascribed the form of goats. Maimonides says that the Zabian idolaters worshipped demons under the form of goats; and that this custom being spread among other nations, gave occasion to this precept. He-goats, however, are probably intended here, which were objects of divine honour among the Egyptians under the name of honour among the Egyptians under the name of Mendes. Herodotus says that all goats were worshipped in Egypt; but particularly he-goats. From these seem to have sprung Pan, Silenus, and the innumerable herd of those imaginary beings, fauns, satyrs, dryads, etc., all woodland gods, and held in veneration by the Greeks and Romans. * gone a whoring. Though this phrase is equivalent, in Scripture, to that of committing idolatry, yet it is to be taken sometimes in a literal sense. Baalpeor and Ashtaroth were worshipped with obscene rite; and public prostitution formed a great part of the worship among the Egyptians, Moabites, Canaanites, Greeks, and Romans. # 20:5 Ex 34:15 De 31:16 Jer 3:1 Eze 23:8 Re 17:1-5 * that offereth. # 4,10 1:2,3 Jud 6:26 1Sa 7:9 10:8 16:2 2Sa 24:25 1Ki 18:30-38 # Mal 1:11 # 4 * that eateth. # 11 3:17 7:26,27 19:26 Ge 9:4 De 12:16,23 15:23 1Sa 14:33 # Eze 33:25 44:7 Ac 15:20,29 Heb 10:29 * I will. # 20:3-6 26:17 Ps 34:16 Jer 21:10 44:11 Eze 14:8 15:7 * the life. This sentence, which contains a most important truth, had existed in the Mosaic writings for more than 3,000 years, before the attention of any philosopher was drawn to the subject. That the blood actually possesses a living principle, and that the life of the whole body is derived from it, is a doctrine of revelation, and a doctrine which the experiments of the most accurate anatomists have served strongly to confirm. The proper circulation of this important fluid through the whole human system was first taught by Solomon in figurative language, (Ec 12:6,) and discovered, as it is called, and demonstrated by Dr. Harvey in 1628; though some Italian philosophers had the same notion a little before. This accurate anatomist was the first who fully revived the Mosaic notion of the vitality of the blood; which was afterwards adopted by the justly celebrated Dr. John Hunter, professor of anatomy, and established by him, by a great variety of strong reasoning and accurate experiments. # 14 * I have. # 8:15 16:11,14-19 Mt 20:28 26:28 Mr 14:24 Ro 3:25 5:9 # Eph 1:7 Col 1:14,20 Heb 9:22 13:12 1Pe 1:2 1Jo 1:7 2:2 Re 1:5 * neither. # Ex 12:49 * which hunteth. # 7:26 * hunteth. Heb. hunteth any hunting. pour out. # De 12:16,24 15:23 1Sa 14:32-34 Job 16:18 Eze 24:7 # 11,12 Ge 9:4 De 12:23 * every soul. # 22:8 Ex 22:31 De 14:21 Eze 4:14 44:31 * that which died of itself. Heb. a carcase. both wash. # 11:25 15:5,10,21 Nu 19:8,19,21 Re 7:14 # 5:1 7:18 19:8 20:17,19,20 Nu 19:19,20 Isa 53:11 Joh 13:8 # Heb 9:28 1Pe 2:24 1 Unlawful marriages, and unlawful lusts. # 1 # 4 11:44 19:3,4,10,34 20:7 Ge 17:7 Ex 6:7 20:2 Ps 33:12 # Eze 20:5,7,19,20 * the doings. # Ps 106:35 Eze 20:7,8 23:8 Eph 5:7-11 1Pe 4:2-4 * and after. # 20:23 Ex 23:24 De 12:4,30,31 Jer 10:2,3 Ro 12:2 # 26 19:37 20:22 De 4:1,2 6:1 Ps 105:45 119:4 Eze 20:19 36:27 # Eze 37:24 Lu 1:6 Joh 15:14 * which if a man do. # Eze 20:11,13,21 Lu 10:28 Ro 10:5 Ga 3:12 * I am the Lord. # Ex 6:2,6,29 Mal 3:6 * near to kin. Heb. remainder of his flesh. Not withstanding the prohibitions here, it must be evident, that in the infancy of the world, persons very near of kin, and even brothers and sisters, must have joined in matrimonial alliances; and therefore we cannot pronounce them immoral in themselves. But, in these first instances, necessity required it; but when this necessity no longer existed, the thing became inexpedient and improper: for 1. As human nature now is, it is very expedient that those who are so much together in youth, should, by such a restriction be taught to look upon all such intercourse as prohibited and incestuous; for unless such restrictions are made, it would be impossible to prevent the prevalence of very early corruption among young persons. (See Michaelis on the laws of Moses, Art. 108.) 2. That the duties owing by nature to relatives might not be confounded with those of a social or political kind; for could a man be a brother and a husband, or a son and a husband at the same time, and fulfil the duties of both? Impossible. 3. That by intermarrying with other families, relationship and its endearments might be diffused. These prohibitions are, therefore, to be considered so eminently moral obligations as to be observed by all mankind. * to uncover. # 7-19 20:11,12,17-21 # 20:11 Eze 22:10 # 20:11 Ge 35:22 49:4 De 22:30 27:20 2Sa 16:21,22 Eze 22:10 # Am 2:7 1Co 5:1 # 20:17 De 27:22 2Sa 13:11-14 Eze 22:11 # 10 * thy sister. # 2Sa 13:12 Eze 22:11 # 20:19 Ex 6:20 # 13 # 20:20 # 20:12 Ge 38:18,19,26 Eze 22:11 # 20:21 De 25:5 Mt 14:3,4 22:24 Mr 6:17 12:19 Lu 3:19 * a woman. # 20:14 De 27:23 Am 2:7 * it is wickedness. # 20:14 * wife. or, one wife to another. # Ge 4:19 29:28 Ex 26:3 * to vex her. # Ge 30:15 1Sa 1:6-8 Mal 2:15 # 15:19,24 20:18 Eze 18:6 22:10 # 20:10 Ex 20:14 De 5:18 22:22,25 2Sa 11:3,4,27 Pr 6:25,29-33 # Mal 3:5 Mt 5:27,28 Ro 2:22 1Co 6:9 Ga 5:19 Heb 13:4 * pass through. Molech signifies a king, or governor, of similar import with Baâl, lord, or governor; and it is generally supposed that the sun was worshipped under this name; and more particularly as the fire appears to have been so much employed in his worship. It seems clear that children were not only consecrated to him by passing through the fire, which appears to be alluded to here, but that they were actually made a burnt offering to him. (See the parallel passages.) That the several abominations afterwards mentioned were actually practised by many heathen nations is abundantly attested by their own writers. # 20:2 De 12:31 18:10 2Ki 16:3 21:6 23:10 Ps 106:37,38 Jer 7:31 # Jer 19:5 Eze 20:31 23:37 * to Molech. # 1Ki 11:7,33 Am 5:26 Ac 7:43 * Moloch. * profane. # 19:12 20:2-5 21:6 22:2,32 Eze 36:20-23 Mal 1:12 Ro 1:23 2:24 # 20:13 Ge 19:5 Jud 19:22 1Ki 14:24 Ro 1:26,27 1Co 6:9 1Ti 1:10 # Jude 1:7 * any beast. # 20:15,16 Ex 22:19 * confusion. # 20:12 * Defile. # 6-23,30 Jer 44:4 Mt 15:18-20 Mr 7:10-23 1Co 3:17 * for. # 20:22,23 De 12:31 18:12 * the land. # Nu 35:33,34 Ps 106:38 Isa 24:5 Jer 2:7 16:18 Eze 36:17,18 # Ro 8:22 * therefore. # Ps 89:32 Isa 26:21 Jer 5:9,29 9:9 14:10 23:2 Ho 2:13 8:13 9:9 * vomiteth. # 28 20:22 * keep. # 5,30 De 4:1,2,40 12:32 Ps 105:44,45 Lu 8:15 11:28 # Joh 14:15,21-23 15:14 * nor any stranger. # 17:8,10 # 24 De 20:18 23:18 25:16 27:15 1Ki 14:24 2Ki 16:3 21:2 # 2Ch 36:14 Eze 16:50 22:11 Ho 9:10 # 25 20:22 Jer 9:19 Eze 36:13,17 Ro 8:22 Re 3:16 # 17:10 20:6 * See on # Ex 12:15 * abominable. # 3,26,27 20:23 De 18:9-12 * that ye defile. # 24 * I am. See on ver. # 2,4 1 A repetition of sundry laws. # 1 * Ye shall. # 11:44,45 20:7,26 21:8 Ex 19:6 Isa 6:3,4 Am 3:3 Mt 5:48 # 2Co 6:14-16 7:1 1Pe 1:15,16 * fear. # Ex 20:12 21:15,17 De 21:18-21 27:16 Pr 1:8 6:20,21 23:22 # Pr 30:11,17 Eze 22:7 Mal 1:6 Mt 15:4-6 Eph 6:1-3 Heb 12:9 * keep. # 26:2 Ex 16:29 20:8 31:13-17 Isa 56:4-6 58:13 Eze 20:12 22:8 * not unto. # 26:1 * See on # Ex 20:3-5 1Co 10:14 1Jo 5:21 * molten gods. # Ex 20:23 32:4 34:17 De 27:15 Hag 2:18 * a sacrifice. # 3:1-17 7:16 22:21 Ex 24:5 2Ch 31:2 Eze 45:15-17 46:2,12 # Eph 2:13,14 * ye shall. # 1:3 22:19,23,29 * your own will. The Hebrews had several kinds of offerings, which they called {corban}. Some were free-will offerings, and others were of obligation. The first fruits, the tenths, the sin-offerings, were of obligation; the peace-offerings, vows, offerings of oil, wine, bread, and other things which were made to the temple, or to the ministers of the Lord, were offerings of devotion; these constituted the greater part. They indeed were a shadow of good things to come, which we enjoy in full fruition through THE ONE great SACRIFICE, even Jesus Christ. "Aaron must lay his robes away, His mitre and his vest, When God himself comes down to be The offering and the priest." # 7:11-17 * abominable. # Isa 1:13 65:4 66:3 Jer 16:18 * it shall. See on ch. # 7:18-21 22:23,25 * shall bear. # 5:1 * profaned. # 22:2,32 Ex 20:7 Nu 30:2 *marg: # Ne 13:17 Ps 55:20 *marg: # Jer 23:11 Eze 22:8,26 23:38 Am 2:7 Mt 12:5 1Ti 1:9 4:7 6:20 # 2Ti 2:16 Heb 12:16 * soul. Heb. nephesh. # Ge 17:14 * cut off. # Ex 30:33 * ye reap the harvest. In what code of laws merely human, is a requisition to be found so counteracting to selfishness, so encouraging to liberality, and so beneficently considering to the poor and needy? But the Mosaic dispensation, like the Christian, breathed with love to God, and benevolence to man. To the honour of the public and charitable spirit of the English, this merciful law is, in general, as much attended to as if it had been incorporated with the gospel. # 23:29 De 24:19-21 Ru 2:2,15 * glean. # Jud 8:2 Isa 17:6 24:13 Jer 49:9 Ob 1:5 Mic 7:1 * thou shalt. # 25:6 * shalt not. # 6:2 Ex 20:15,17 22:1,7,10-12 De 5:19 Jer 6:13 7:9-11 # Zec 5:3,4 8:16,17 1Co 6:8-10 Eph 4:28 * lie one. # 1Ki 13:18 Ps 101:7 116:11 Jer 9:3-5 Ac 5:3,4 Ro 3:4 Eph 4:25 # Col 3:9 1Ti 1:10 Re 21:8 * ye shall. # 6:3 Ex 20:7 De 5:11 Ps 15:4 Jer 4:2 7:9 Zec 5:4 Mal 3:5 # Mt 5:33,34 Jas 5:12 * profane. # 18:21 24:11,15,16 Eze 36:20-23 * shalt not. # Pr 20:10 22:22 Jer 22:3 Eze 22:29 Mr 10:19 Lu 3:13 1Th 4:6 * the wages. # De 24:14,15 Job 31:39 Jer 22:13 Mal 3:5 Jas 5:4 * not curse. # De 27:18 Ro 12:14 14:13 1Co 8:8-13 10:32 Re 2:14 * fear. # 32 25:17 Ge 42:18 Ne 5:15 1Pe 1:17 2:17 # 35 Ex 18:21 23:2 23:2,3,7,8 De 1:17 16:19 25:13-16 27:19 # 2Ch 19:6,7 Ps 82:2 Pr 18:5 24:23 Jas 2:6-9 * tale-bearer. # Ex 23:1 Ps 15:3 Pr 11:13 20:19 Jer 6:28 9:4 Eze 22:9 1Ti 3:11 # 2Ti 3:3 Tit 2:3 1Pe 2:1 * stand. # Ex 20:16 23:1,7 1Ki 21:10-13 Mt 26:60,61 27:4 Ac 6:11-13 # Ac 24:4-9 * hate. # Ge 27:41 Pr 26:24-26 1Jo 2:9,11 3:12-15 * rebuke. # Ps 141:5 Pr 9:8 27:5,6 Mt 18:15-17 Lu 17:3 Ga 2:11-14 6:1 # Eph 5:11 1Ti 5:20 2Ti 4:2 Tit 1:13 2:15 * and not suffer sin upon him. or, that thou bear not sin for him. # Ro 1:32 1Co 5:2 1Ti 5:22 2Jo 1:10,11 * not avenge. # Ex 23:4,5 De 32:25 2Sa 13:22,28 Pr 20:22 Mt 5:43,44 # Ro 12:17,19 13:4 Ga 5:20 Eph 4:31 Col 3:8 1Pe 2:1 * thou shalt. # Mt 5:43 19:19 22:39,40 Mr 12:31-34 Lu 10:27-37 Ro 13:9 # Ga 5:14 Jas 2:8 * thy cattle gender. These practices might have been considered as altering the original constitution of God in creation; and this is the view which the Jews, and also Josephus and Philo, take of the subject. There were, probably, also both moral and political reasons for these prohibitions. With respect to heterogenous mixtures among cattle, it was probably forbidden, to prevent excitements to the abominations condemned in the preceding chapter. As to seeds, in many cases, it would be highly improper to sow different kinds in the same plot of ground. If oats and wheat, for instance, were sown together, the latter would be injured, and the former ruined. This prohibition may therefore be regarded as a prudential agricultural maxim. As to different kinds of garments, the prohibition might be intended against pride and vanity in clothing. # Ge 36:24 2Sa 13:29 18:9 1Ki 1:33 Ezr 2:66 * mingled. # De 22:9-11 Mt 9:16,17 Ro 11:6 2Co 6:14-17 Ga 3:9-11 * betrothed to an husband. or, abused by any. Heb. reproached by, or, for man. she shall be scourged. or, they. Heb. there shall be a scourging. they shall. # Ex 21:20,21 De 22:23,24 # 5:1-6:7 * and the sin. See on ch. # 4:20,26 * And when. See on ch. # 14:34 * uncircumcised. # 12:3 22:27 Ex 6:12,30 22:29,30 Jer 6:10 9:25,26 Ac 7:51 * all the. # Nu 18:12,13 De 12:17,18 14:28,29 18:4 Pr 3:9 * holy to praise the Lord withal. Heb. holiness of praises to the Lord. # 26:3,4 Pr 3:9,10 Ec 11:1,2 Hag 1:4-6,9-11 2:18,19 Mal 3:8-10 * with the blood. See on ch. # 3:17 7:26 17:10-14 De 12:23 * use. # Ex 7:11 8:7 1Sa 15:23 Jer 10:2 Da 2:10 Mal 3:5 * nor. # De 18:10-14 2Ki 17:17 21:6 2Ch 33:6 # 21:5 Isa 15:2 Jer 16:6 48:37 Eze 7:18 44:20 * cuttings. # 21:5 De 14:1 1Ki 18:28 Jer 16:6 48:37 Mr 5:5 * print. # Re 13:16,17 14:9,11 15:2 16:2 19:20 20:4 * prostitute. Heb. profane. to cause. # 21:7 De 23:17 Ho 4:12-14 1Co 6:15 * keep. See on ver. # 3 26:2 * reverence. # 10:3 15:31 16:2 Ge 28:16,17 2Ch 33:7 36:14 Ps 89:7 Ec 5:1 # Eze 9:6 Mt 21:13 Joh 2:15,16 2Co 6:16 1Pe 4:17 # 26 20:6,7,27 Ex 22:18 De 18:10-14 1Sa 28:3,7-9 2Ki 17:17 # 2Ki 21:6 1Ch 10:13 2Ch 33:6 Isa 8:19 29:4 47:13 Ac 8:11 # Ac 13:6-8 16:16-18 19:19,20 Ga 5:20 Re 21:8 # 14 1Ki 2:19 Job 32:4,6 Pr 16:31 20:29 Isa 3:5 La 5:12 Ro 13:7 # 1Ti 5:1 1Pe 2:17 * And if. # Ex 22:21 23:9 De 10:18,19 24:14 Mal 3:5 * vex him. or, oppress him. # Jer 7:6 Eze 22:7,29 * See on ver. # 18 Ex 12:48,49 De 10:19 Mt 5:43 * no unrighteousness. See on ver. # 15 * in meteyard. # De 25:13,15 Pr 11:1 16:11 20:10 Eze 22:12,13 Am 8:5,6 Mic 6:1 # Mt 7:2 * Just balances. # Pr 11:1 * weights. Heb. stones. I am. See on # Ex 20:2 * See on ch. # 18:4,5 De 4:1,2,5,6 5:1 6:1,2 8:1 Ps 119:4,34 1Jo 3:22,23 1 Of him that gives of his seed to Moloch. 4 Of him that favours such an one. 6 Of going to wizards. 7 Of sanctification. 9 Of him that curses his parents. 10 Of adultery. 11 Of incest. 13 Of sodomy. 15 Of bestiality. 18 Of uncleanness. 22 Obedience is required with holiness. 27 Wizards must be put to death. # 1 * Whosoever. # 17:8,13,15 * giveth. # 18:21 De 12:31 18:10 2Ki 17:17 23:10 2Ch 28:3 33:6 Ps 106:38 # Isa 57:5,6 Jer 7:31 32:35 Eze 16:20,21 20:26,31 23:37,39 # Ac 7:43 * Moloch. Molech. The Rabbins describe this idol as made of brass sitting upon a throne of the same metal, in the form of a man, with the head of a calf, adorned with a royal crown, and his arms extended as if to embrace any one. When they offered any children to him, they heated the statue by a great fire kindled within, and the victim was put into his arms, and thus consumed. Others relate, that the idol, which was hollow, was divided into seven compartments within; in one of which they put flour, in the second turtles, in the third a ewe, in the fourth a ram, in the fifth a calf, in the sixth an ox, and the seventh a child; which were all burnt together by heating the statue inside. The account which Diodorus (l. xx.) gives of the statue of Saturn, to which the Carthaginians, descendants of the Canaanites, sacrificed their children, is very similar. For they had a brazen stature of Saturn, stretching out his hands towards the ground, in such a manner that the children placed within them tumbled down into a pit full of fire. To this account Milton alludes, in Paradise Lost, B. 1. 392. * the people. # 27 24:14,23 Nu 15:35,36 De 13:10,11 17:5-7 21:21 Ac 7:58,59 * I will set. # 17:10 1Pe 3:12 * to defile. # Nu 19:20 Eze 5:11 23:38,39 * profane. # 18:21 Eze 20:39 2Co 6:16 * hide. # Ac 17:30 * and kill. # De 13:8 17:2-5 Jos 7:12 1Sa 3:13,14 1Ki 20:42 Re 2:14 * I will. # 17:10 * against his. # Ex 20:5 Jer 32:28-35,39 * whoring. # 17:7 Ps 106:39 Jer 3:2 Ho 2:5,13 * familiar. # 27 19:26,31 De 18:10-14 Isa 8:19 * go. # Ex 34:15,16 Nu 15:39 Ps 73:27 Eze 6:9 Ho 4:12 * cut him. # 1Ch 10:13,14 In the days of Moses, superstition was almost the {sensus communis} of the human race, which then made severe punishment necessary: by means of the Christian dispensation such errors are now exploded, the cultivation of philosophy and natural history having harmonised and contributed their feebler share of light, so that we no longer have to deplore mischiefs occasioned by the silly curiosity attempting to unfold future events. # 11:44 19:2 Eph 1:4 Phm 2:12,13 Col 3:12 1Th 4:3,7 Heb 12:14 # 1Pe 1:15,16 * And ye. See on ch. # 18:4,5 19:37 Mt 5:19 7:24 12:50 Joh 13:17 Jas 1:22 Re 22:14 * sanctify. # 21:8 Ex 31:13 Eze 20:12 37:28 1Co 1:30 1Th 5:23 2Th 2:13 * curseth. The term {yekallel} signifies not only to curse, but to speak contemptuously, disrespectfully, or to make light of a person: so that all speeches which have a tendency to lessen our parents in the eyes of others, or to render their judgment, piety, etc., suspected or contemptible, is here included; though the act of cursing, or of treating the parent with injurious or opprobrious language, is what is particularly intended. He who conscientiously keeps the fifth commandment, can be in no danger of the judgment here denounced. # Ex 21:17 De 27:16 Pr 20:20 30:11,17 Mt 15:4 Mr 7:10 * his blood. # 11-13,16,27 Jos 2:19 Jud 9:24 2Sa 1:16 1Ki 2:32 Mt 27:25 * the adulterer. # De 22:22-24 2Sa 12:13 Eze 23:45-47 Joh 8:4,5 # 18:8 De 27:20,23 Am 2:7 1Co 5:1 * their. See on ver. # 9 * lie. # 18:15 Ge 38:16,18 De 27:23 * confusion. # 18:23 # 18:22 Ge 19:5 De 23:17 Jud 19:22 Ro 1:26,27 1Co 6:9 1Ti 1:10 # Jude 1:7 * a wife. # 18:17 De 27:23 Am 2:7 * burnt. # 21:9 Jos 7:15,25 # 18:23 Ex 22:19 De 27:21 * And if a woman. We are assured by Herodotus (in Euterp.) that the abominations here referred to existed among the Egyptians, and even formed part of their superstitious religious system, and we have reason to believe that they were not uncommon among the Canaanites. (See ch. 18:24, 25). Need we wonder then, that God should have made laws of this nature, and appointed the punishment of death for these crimes? This one observation will account for many of those strange prohibitions which we find in the Mosaic law. * and the beast. # Ex 19:13 21:28,32 Heb 12:20 # 18:9 Ge 20:12 De 27:22 2Sa 13:12 Eze 22:11 * having. # 15:24 18:19 Eze 18:6 22:10 * discovered. Heb. made naked. * mother's. # 18:12,13-30 Ex 6:20 * uncovereth. # 18:6 * uncle's wife. # 18:14 * childless. # Job 18:19 Ps 109:13 Jer 22:30 Lu 1:7,25 23:29 * his brother's. # 18:16 Mt 14:3,4 * an unclean thing. Heb. a separation. * statues. # 18:4,5,26 19:37 Ps 19:8-11 105:45 119:80,145,171 Eze 36:27 * judgments. # Ex 21:1 De 4:45 5:1 Ps 119:20,106,160,164,175 Isa 26:8,9 * spue you. # 18:25-28 26:33 De 28:25,26 * in the manners. # 18:3,24,30 De 12:30,31 Jer 10:1,2 * therefore. # 18:27 De 9:5 Ps 78:59 Zec 11:8 * But I. See on # Ex 3:8,17 6:8 * a land. Milk and honey were the chief dainties of the ancients as they are now among the Arabs, particularly the Bedouins. Hence not only the Hebrews, but also the Greeks and Romans, painted the highest pleasantness and fertility by an abundance of milk and honey. The image used in the text, and frequently by ancient authors on similar subjects, is a metaphor, derived from a breast, producing copious streams of milk. * which. # 26 Ex 19:5,6 33:16 Nu 23:9 De 7:6 14:2 1Ki 8:53 Joh 15:19 # 2Co 6:17 1Pe 2:9 * put difference. # 11:1-47 De 14:3-21 Ac 10:11-15,28 Eph 5:7-11 * abominable. # 11:43 * creepeth. or, moveth. * the Lord. # 7 19:2 Ps 99:5,9 Isa 6:3 30:11 1Pe 1:15,16 Re 3:7 4:8 * severed. # 24 De 7:6 14:2 26:18,19 Tit 2:14 * a familiar. # 6 19:31 Ex 22:18 De 18:10-12 1Sa 28:7-9 * their blood. See on ver. # 9 1 Of the priests' mourning. 6 Of their holiness. 7 Of their marriages. 8 Of their estimation. 9 Of the priest's daughter convicted of whoredom. 10 Of the high priest's holiness. 13 Of his marriage. 16 The priests that have blemishes must not minister in the sanctuary. * Speak. # Ho 5:1 Mal 2:1,4 * There. # 11 10:6,7 Nu 19:14,16 Eze 44:25 # 18:6 1Th 4:13 # 3 * or, the verse may be read, being an husband among his people, he shall not defile himself for his wife, etc. # Eze 24:16,17 * not make baldness. This custom is also called rounding the corners of the head, (ch. 19:27,) and seems to have been performed in honour of some idol. # 10:6 19:27,28 De 14:1 Isa 15:2 22:12 Jer 16:6 48:37 Eze 44:20 # Am 8:10 Mic 1:16 * the corner. The Hebrew {peath zakon}, may denote the whiskers; as the Syriac {phatho} signifies. These are by the Arabs, according to Niebuhr, still cut entirely off, or worn quite short; and hence they are called by Jeremiah, [ ,] those with cropped whiskers. Perhaps some superstition, of which we are ignorant, was connected with this; but whether or not, it was the object of Moses to keep the Israelites distinct from other nations. * holy. # 8 10:3 Ex 28:36 29:44 Ezr 8:28 1Pe 2:9 * profane. # 18:21 19:12 Mal 1:6,11,12 * bread. # 3:11 Eze 44:7 Mal 1:7 * therefore. # Isa 52:11 * that is a whore. # 8 Eze 44:22 1Ti 3:11 * put away. # De 24:1-4 Isa 50:1 * sanctify. # 6 Ex 19:10,14 28:41 29:1,43,44 * for I. # 11:44,45 19:2 20:7,8 Joh 10:36 17:19 Heb 7:26 10:29 * the daughter. # 1Sa 2:17,34 3:13,14 Eze 9:6 Mal 2:3 Mt 11:20-24 1Ti 3:4,5 # Tit 1:6 * she shall be burnt. # 20:14 Ge 38:24 Jos 7:15,25 Isa 33:14 * upon. # 8:12 10:7 16:32 Ex 29:29,30 Nu 35:25 Ps 133:2 * consecrated. # 8:7-9 Ex 28:2-4 * uncover. # 10:6,7 13:45 2Sa 15:30 Es 6:12 * not rend. # Ge 37:34 Job 1:20 Mt 26:65 All human corpses were considered as unclean. Whoever touched one was unclean for seven days, and was obliged on the third and seventh day to purify himself according to the Mosaic instructions. In the case of the priest it went still farther; insomuch, that even mourning for the dead by any external sign, such as tearing their clothes, defiled them. Hence such mournings were absolutely forbidden to be used in any case, and by the other priests also, except in the case of their very nearest relations, for whom they were allowed to mourn. This statue is founded on the importance of sustaining the decency and purity of Divine worship. The servants of the Deity were to keep themselves at a distance from every thing that in the least degree savoured of uncleanness. * his father. # 1,2 Nu 6:7 19:14 De 33:9 Mt 8:21,22 12:46-50 Lu 9:59,60 # Lu 14:26 2Co 5:16 * go out. # 10:7 * for the crown. # 8:9-12,30 Ex 28:36 29:6,7 Isa 61:1 Ac 10:38 # 7 Eze 44:22 2Co 11:2 Re 14:4 * take a virgin. # So 6:9 2Co 11:2 Eph 5:27 * \\S#01330h\\. # Ge 24:16 * profane. # Ge 18:19 Ezr 2:62 9:2 Ne 13:23-29 Mal 2:11,15 Ro 11:16 # 1Co 7:14 * for I the. # 8 # 16 * blemish. # 22:20-25 1Th 2:10 1Ti 3:2 Heb 7:26 * let him. # 21 10:3 Nu 16:5 Ps 65:4 * bread. or, food. # 3:11,16 * a blind man. # Isa 56:10 Mt 23:16,17,19 1Ti 3:2,3,7 Tit 1:7,10 * superfluous. # 22:23 # 19 * a dwarf. or, too slender. or hath. # De 23:1 * a blemish. In the above list of blemishes, we meet with some that might render the priest contemptible in the eyes of men; and others that would be very great impediments in the discharge of his ministerial duties. * to offer. # 6,8,17 * both. # 2:3,10 6:16,17,29 7:1 24:8,9 Nu 18:9,10 * and of the holy. # 22:10-13 Nu 18:10,19 * go in. # Ex 30:6-8 40:26,27 Eze 44:9-14 * profane. # 12 15:31 * for I the Lord. # 8 * Aaron. # Mal 2:1-7 Col 4:17 1Ti 1:18 2Ti 2:2 1 The priests in their uncleanness must abstain from the holy things. 6 How they shall be cleansed. 10 Who of the priest's house may eat of the holy things. 17 The sacrifices must be without blemish. 26 The age of the sacrifice. 29 The law of eating the sacrifice of thanksgiving. # 1 # 3-6 15:31 Nu 6:3-8 * that they profane not. This is the very ground of the prohibition, that they might preserve in their minds a holy reverence for the Divine Majesty. Hence when they approached unto him, they must be free from every legal impurity. If great men are to be approached with respect, how much more must Jehovah be approached with holy reverence! # 32 18:21 19:12 20:3 21:6 * hallow. # Ex 13:12 28:38 Nu 18:32 De 15:19 * having his uncleanness upon him. That is, in other words, "when he is unclean." # 7:20,21 * that soul. That is, according to some, thrust out of the priest's office, or from officiating at the altar; or, according to others, cut off by some immediate stroke of divine justice, like Nadab and Abihu. * from my. # Ex 33:14,15 Ps 16:11 51:11 Mt 25:41 2Th 1:9 * the seed. These words include the daughters as well as the sons of Aaron. * a leper. # 13:2,3,44-46 * running issue. Heb. running of the reins. # 15:2,3 * holy things. # 2:3,10 6:25-29 21:22 Nu 18:9,19 * until. # 14:2-32 15:13-15 * unclean. # 21:1 Nu 19:11-16 * whose. # 15:16 * whosoever. # 11:24,43,44 * or a man. # 15:7,19 # 11:24,25 15:5 16:24-28 Nu 19:7-10 Hag 2:13 1Co 6:11 Heb 10:22 # 21:22 Nu 18:11-19 De 18:3,4 1Co 9:4,13,14 # 17:15 Ex 22:31 De 14:21 Eze 44:31 * bear sin for it. That is, be punished if he break it. # 10:1,2 16:2 Ex 28:43 Nu 18:22,32 The word {zar,} a stranger, does not mean one of another nation, a foreigner, which is expressed by {hechar,} but one who is not of the seed of Aaron, or does not belong to his family. # 1Sa 21:6 Mt 12:4 * his money. Heb. the purchase of his money. # Ge 17:13 Nu 18:11-13 * a stranger. Heb. a man, a stranger. # 21:3 Isa 40:13 *marg: * returned unto her father's house. A widow in Bengal not unfrequently returns to her father's house on the death of her husband: the union between her and her own family is never so dissolved as among European nations. # Ge 38:11 * as in her. # 10:14 Nu 18:11-19 # 5:15-19 27:13,15 # 9 19:8 Nu 18:32 Eze 22:26 * suffer them to bear the iniquity of the trespass. or, lade themselves with the iniquity of trespass in their eating. bear. # 7:18 Ps 38:4 Isa 53:11,12 1Pe 2:24 * for I. # 9 20:8 # 17 * Whatsoever. # 1:2,10 17:10,13 * of the strangers. # Nu 15:14-16 * vows. # 7:16 23:38 Nu 15:3 De 12:6 Ps 22:25 56:12 61:5,8 65:1 66:13 # Ps 116:14,18 Ec 5:4 Jon 1:16 2:9 Na 1:15 Ac 18:18 * freewill. # Nu 15:3 De 12:6,17 16:10 # 1:3,10 4:32 Ex 12:5 Mt 27:4,19,24,54 Lu 23:14,41,47 Joh 19:4 # 2Co 5:21 Eph 5:27 Heb 9:14 1Pe 1:19 2:22-24 3:18 # 25 De 15:21 17:1 Mal 1:8,13,14 * peace. # 3:1,6 7:11-38 * to accomplish. # Ge 28:20 35:1-3 Nu 15:3,8 De 23:21-23 Ps 50:14 Pr 7:14 # Ec 5:4,5 * sheep. or, goats. it shall be perfect. This law is so founded on the nature of the thing itself, that it has been in force among all nations that sacrificed victims to their deities. * Blind. # 20 21:18-21 Mal 1:8 * an offering. # 1:9,13 3:3,5 * lamb. or, kid. superfluous. # 21:18 * broken. or, cut. # 20 De 23:1 * a stranger's. # Nu 15:14-16 16:40 Ezr 6:8-10 * the bread. # 21:6,8,21,22 Mal 1:7,8,12-14 * because. # Eph 2:12 1Jo 5:18 # 26 * seven days. It was necessary for the mother's health that the young one should suck so long; and prior to this time, the process of nutrition in a young animal can scarcely be considered as completely formed. Besides this, it may justly be asserted, that the flesh of very young animals is comparatively innutritive. There is something brutish in eating the young of beast or fowl, before the hair and hoofs are perfect in the one, and feathers and claws in the other; and before this period, their flesh is not good for food, consequently they were not fit for sacrifice, which is termed the bread or food of God, (ver. 25.) # 25 12:2,3 19:23,24 Ex 22:30 * ewe. or, she goat. ye shall not kill it. This law was certainly intended to inculcate mercy and tenderness of heart; and so the Jews have understood it. # Ex 23:19 34:26 De 14:21 22:6,7 # 7:12-15 Ps 107:22 116:17 Ho 14:2 Am 4:5 Heb 13:15 1Pe 2:5 # 7:15-18 19:7 Ex 16:19,20 * See on ch. # 18:4,5 19:37 Nu 15:40 De 4:40 1Th 4:1,2 * See on ver. # 2 18:21 * I will. # 10:3 Isa 5:16 Mt 6:9 Lu 11:2 * hallow you. # 16 20:8 21:8,15 Ex 19:5,6 Joh 17:17 1Co 1:2 # 11:45 19:36 25:38 Ex 6:7 20:2 Nu 15:41 1 The feasts of the Lord. 3 The sabbath. 4 The passover. 9 The sheaf of first-fruits. 15 The feast of Pentecost. 22 Gleanings to be left for the poor. 23 The feast of trumpets. 26 The day of atonement. 33 The feast of tabernacles. # 1 * the feasts. God appointed several festivals among the Jews. The Passover was celebrated on the 14th, or rather 15th day of the first month in the ecclesiastical year, which was the seventh of the civil year, and lasted seven days. The Pentecost was celebrated on the fiftieth day after the passover, in memory of the law's being given to Moses on Mount Sinai, fifty days, or seven weeks after the departure out of Egypt. The word is derived from the Greek word [ ,] which signifies the fiftieth. The Hebrews call it the feast of weeks, Ex 34:22. The feast of trumpets, celebrated on the first day of the civil year, when a trumpet was sounded, to proclaim its commencement, which was in the month {Tisri,} answering to our September, Le 23:24, 25. The new moons, or first days of every month, were, in some sort, a consequence of the feast of trumpets. God ordained that, by giving him the first-fruits of every month they should acknowledge him as the Lord of all their time, and own his providence, by which all times and seasons are ordered. The feast of expiation or atonement was kept on the 10th day of {Tisri} or September: the Hebrews call it Kippur, i.e., pardon or expiation, because it was instituted for the expiation of their sins. The feast of tents or tabernacles was so called, because the Israelites kept it under green tents or arbours, in memory of their dwelling in their passage through the wilderness. It was celebrated on the 15th day of {Tisri,} and continued eight days: the first and last days are the most solemn. Besides the feasts mentioned by Moses, we find the feast of {lots,} or {Purim,} which was celebrated among the Jews of Shushan on the 14th of {Adar,} which answers to our February. The feast of the dedication of the temple, or rather, of the restoration of the temple, which had been profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes, which is thought to be the feast mentioned in the gospel Joh 10:22, was celebrated in the winter. {Moâdim,} properly means assemblies, convened at an appointed time and place. # 4,37 Ex 23:14-17 Isa 1:13,14 33:20 La 1:4 Ho 2:11 Na 1:15 # Joh 5:1 Col 2:1 * proclaim # Ex 32:5 Nu 10:2,3,10 2Ki 10:20 2Ch 30:5 Ps 81:3 Joe 1:14 2:15 # Jon 3:5-9 # 19:3 Ex 16:23,29 20:8-11 23:12 31:15 34:21 35:2,3 De 5:13 # Isa 56:2,6 58:13 Lu 13:14 23:56 Ac 15:21 Re 1:10 # 2,37 Ex 23:14 # Ex 12:2-14,18 13:3-10 23:15 Nu 9:2-7 28:16 De 16:1-8 Jos 5:10 # 2Ch 35:18,19 Mt 26:17 Mr 14:12 Lu 22:7 1Co 5:7,8 # Ex 12:15,16 13:6,7 34:18 Nu 28:17,18 De 16:8 Ac 12:3,4 # Nu 28:18-25 * by fire. # Le 1:9 * Young renders, "fire offering." # Nu 28:19-24 * seven days. i.e., daily for that period (Young). seventh day. in which the Egyptians were drowned. # Ex 12:16 14:23-28 # 9 * When. See on ch. # 14:34 * and shall. # 2:12-16 Ex 22:29 23:16,19 34:22,26 Nu 15:2,18-21 28:26 # De 16:9 Jos 3:15 * sheaf. or, handful. Heb. omer. the first fruits. This offering was a public acknowledgement of the bounty and goodness of God for the kindly fruits of the earth. From the practice of the people of God, the heathen borrowed a similar one, founded on the same reason. # Pr 3:9,10 Eze 44:30 Ro 11:16 1Co 15:20-23 Jas 1:18 Re 14:4 # 9:21 10:14 Ex 29:24 # 1:10 Heb 10:10-12 1Pe 1:19 * the meat. # 2:14-16 14:10 Nu 15:3-12 * the drink. # Ex 29:40,41 30:9 Nu 28:10 Joe 1:9,13 2:14 * the fourth. # Ex 30:24 Eze 4:11 45:24 46:14 * eat. # 19:23-25 25:2,3 Ge 4:4,5 Jos 5:11,12 * it shall be. # 3:17 10:11 De 16:12 Ne 9:14 Ps 19:8 # 10,11 25:8 Ex 34:22 De 16:9,10 # Ac 2:1 * two wave. # Nu 28:26 * leaven. # 7:13 Mt 13:33 * the first-fruits. # 10 Ex 22:29 23:16,19 34:22,26 Nu 15:17,19-21 De 26:1,2 # Pr 3:9,10 Ro 8:23 1Co 15:20 Jas 1:18 Re 14:4 * seven lambs. # 12,13 Nu 28:27-31 Mal 1:13,14 * with their. # Nu 15:4-12 * one kid. # 4:23-28 16:15 Nu 15:24 28:30 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 * two lambs. # 3:1-17 7:11-18 * wave them. # 17 7:29,30 Ex 29:24 Lu 2:14 Eph 2:14 * holy to. # 7:31-34 8:29 10:14,15 Nu 18:8-12 De 18:4 1Co 9:11 * proclaim. # 2,4 Ex 12:16 De 16:11 Isa 11:10 * a statute. # 14 Ge 17:7 Ex 12:17 Nu 18:23 # 19:9,10 De 16:11-14 24:19-21 Ru 2:3-7,15,16-23 Job 31:16-21 # Ps 41:1-3 112:9 Pr 11:24,25 Isa 58:7,8,10 Lu 11:41 2Co 9:5-12 To the institution of the feast of pentecost is annexed a repetition of that law, by which they were required to leave the gleanings of their fields, and the corn that grew on the ends of the butts, for the poor. It may come in here as a thing which the priests must take occasion to remind the people of, when they brought their first-fruits, intimating to them, that to obey even in this small matter was better than sacrifice; and that unless they were obedient, their offerings should not be accepted. It also taught them that the joy of harvest should express itself in charity to the poor, who must have their due out of what we have, as well as God his. They that are truly sensible of the mercy they receive from God, will without grudging shew mercy to the poor. # 23 * In the seventh. # Nu 10:10 29:1-6 1Ch 15:28 2Ch 5:13 Ezr 3:6 Ps 81:1-4 98:6 # Isa 27:13 1Co 15:52 1Th 4:16 * a memorial. {Zichron terooâh,} here rendered "a memorial of blowing the trumpets" properly signifies a memorial of triumph or shouting for joy. This festival is generally called the feast of trumpets; and, though the Scriptures have not expressly declared the reason of its celebration, yet, as it fell in the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the first of the civil year, that is, the month {Tisri,} answering to our September, the opinion very generally embraced by both Jews and Christians is, that it was a memorial of the creation of the world, at which "the sons of God shouted for joy," (Job 38:7;) and which is supposed, not altogether without reason, to have been at this season of the year. The month {Tisri} was not only anciently, but still is, reckoned by the Jews the first month of the year; and the feast of tabernacles, kept in this month, was said to be, as it is correctly rendered in the margin, "at the revolution of the year," (Ex 34:22;) importing, that at this season the year had revolved, and was beginning anew. So that this feast was the new year's day, on which the people rejoiced in a grateful remembrance of God's benefits, and implored his blessing for the future year. # 25:9 * offering made by fire. Young renders, "fire offering." # 8 Nu 29:1-6 # 26 * the tenth. # 16:29,30 25:9 Nu 29:7-11 * afflict. # 16:31 Nu 29:7 Ezr 8:21 Ps 35:13 Isa 58:5 Da 10:2,3 Zec 12:10 # Ac 2:37,38 2Co 7:10,11 Jas 4:9 * offer. # 16:11,15,24 # 16:34 Isa 53:10 Da 9:24 Zec 3:9 Ro 5:10,11 Heb 9:12,26 # Heb 10:10,14 1Jo 2:2 4:10 5:6 * that shall. See on ver. # 27,32 Isa 22:12 Jer 31:9 Eze 7:16 * he shall be. # Ge 17:14 # 20:3,5,6 Ge 17:14 Jer 15:7 Eze 14:9 Zep 2:5 1Co 3:17 * no manner of work. # 28 Mt 12:12 Mr 3:4 Ro 4:4,5 11:6 Eph 2:7-10 Heb 4:8-11 * for ever. Heb. olam. # Ex 12:24 * a sabbath. See on ch. # 16:31 Mt 11:28-30 Heb 4:3,11 * afflict. See on ver. # 27 Ps 35:13 51:17 69:10,11 126:5,6 Isa 57:15,18,19 58:3-7 # Isa 61:3 Mt 5:4 1Co 11:31 * celebrate your sabbath. Heb. rest. # 33 * The fifteenth. # Ex 23:16 34:22 Nu 29:12 De 16:13-15 Ezr 3:4 Ne 8:14 # Zec 14:16-19 Joh 1:14 7:2 Heb 11:9,13 * the feast of tabernacles. This feast was celebrated in commemoration of the Israelites' dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years; and was kept with greater hilarity than any of the other festivals. Hence, in the Talmud, it is often called {chag,} the feast, by way of excellence; and by Philo, [ ,] the greatest of the feasts; it was therefore more noticed by the heathen than any other. It is probable that Cecrops borrowed from it the law which he made in Athens, "that the master of every family should after harvest make a feast for his servants, and eat together with them who had taken pains with him in tilling his grounds." # 7,8,24,25 * Seven. # Nu 29:12-38 * the eighth. # 2Ch 7:8-11 Ne 8:18 Joh 7:37 * solemn. Heb. day of restraint. # De 16:8 Joe 1:14 2:15 *marg: * the feasts. See on ver. # 2,4 De 16:16,17 * every thing. # Ec 3:1 * the sabbaths. See on ver. # 3 19:3 Ge 2:2,3 Ex 20:8-11 * and beside. # Nu 29:39 De 12:6 1Ch 29:3-8 2Ch 35:7,8 Ezr 2:68,69 * when. See on ver. # 34 Ex 23:16 De 16:13 * on the first. See on ver. # 24,36 * the boughs. Heb. fruit. # Ne 8:15 Mt 21:8 * of palm trees. # Ps 92:12 Joh 12:13 Re 7:9 * rejoice. # De 16:14,15 Isa 35:10 66:10 Joh 16:22 Ro 5:11 Php 3:3 4:4 # 1Pe 1:8 # Nu 29:12 Ne 8:18 # Ge 33:17 Nu 24:2,5 Ne 8:14-17 Jer 35:10 2Co 5:1 Heb 11:13-16 # Ex 13:14 De 31:10-13 Ps 78:5,6 # 1,2 21:24 Mt 18:20 1 The oil for the lamps. 5 The shew-bread. 10 Shelomith's son blasphemeth. 13 The law of blasphemy. 17 Of murder. 18 Of damage. 23 The blasphemer is stoned. # 1 * that they. # Ex 27:20,21 39:37 40:24 Nu 8:2-4 1Sa 3:3,4 * the lamps. # 2Ch 13:11 Ps 119:105,130 Pr 6:23 Isa 8:20 11:2 Mt 4:16 5:16 # Mt 25:1-8 Lu 1:79 12:35 Joh 1:4,9 5:35 8:12 Ac 26:18 2Co 4:6 # Eph 1:17,18 5:8-14 Php 2:15,16 * burn continually. Heb. ascend. * Without the vail. # Ex 27:21 39:37 Zec 4:2,3,10-14 Col 2:9 Heb 9:2 Re 1:12-14 2:18 # Re 4:5 * continually. # Ex 27:20 Mt 25:1-4 Joh 5:39 16:13-15 Ac 17:11,12 1Jo 1:5,6,7 # 1Jo 2:27 * forever. Heb. olam. # Ex 12:24 * the pure. # Ex 25:31-39 31:8 37:17-24 39:37 Nu 3:31 4:9 1Ki 7:49 # 1Ch 28:15 Jer 52:19 Zec 4:2,3,11-14 Heb 9:2 Re 1:20 2:1,5 # Re 11:4 The loaves of bread which the officiating priest placed every sabbath day upon the golden table in the Sanctum, before the Lord, were twelve in number, representing the twelve tribes of Israel. The loaves must have been large, since two tenth deals (about six pints) of flour were used for each, Le 24:3, 6, 7. They were served up hot on the sabbath day in the Sanctum, when the stale ones, which had been exposed the whole week, were taken away, and none but the priests were allowed to eat them. In an extraordinary extremity, David and his men partook of the shew-bread, (see 1 Sa 21:6,) the urgent necessity alone justifying the act. The Hebrew signifies bread of faces, or, of the face. * See # Ex 25:30 40:23 1Ki 18:31 1Sa 21:4,5 Mt 12:4 Ac 26:7 Jas 1:1 * in two rows. # 1Co 14:40 * pure. # Ex 25:23,24 37:10-16 39:36 40:22,23 1Ki 7:48 2Ch 4:19 13:11 # Heb 9:2 * pure. # 2:2 Eph 1:6 Heb 7:25 Re 8:3,4 * the bread. # Joh 6:35,51 * a memorial. # Ge 9:16 Ex 12:14 13:9 17:14 Ac 10:4,31 1Co 11:23-25 # Nu 4:7 1Ch 9:32 23:29 2Ch 2:4 Ne 10:33 Mt 12:3-5 * Aaron's. # 8:31 1Sa 21:6 Mal 1:12 Mt 12:4 Mr 2:26 Lu 6:4 * they shall. # 6:16 8:3,31 10:17 21:22 Ex 29:32,33 # Ex 12:38 Nu 11:4 * blasphemed. # 15,16 Ex 20:7 2Sa 12:14 1Ki 21:10,13 2Ki 18:30,35,37 # 2Ki 19:1-3,6,10,22 2Ch 32:14-17 Ps 74:18,22 Mt 26:65 # Ac 6:11-13 Ro 2:24 1Ti 1:13 Re 16:11,21 * the name. Houbigant and others think that the name which this man blasphemed was the name of the god of his native land. But that {hashshem} THE NAME, denotes Jehovah, appears from its being used in the latter part of verse 16, as equivalent to "the name of Jehovah," in the former part. The Jews also frequently use {hashshem} for Jehovah. * cursed. # Job 1:5,11,22 2:5,9,10 Isa 8:21 * brought him. # Ex 18:22,26 Nu 15:33-35 * that the mind of the Lord might be shewed them. Heb. to expound unto them according to the mouth of the Lord. # Ex 18:15,16,23 Nu 27:5 36:5,6 # 13 * without. # 13:46 Nu 5:2-4 15:35 * all that. # De 13:9 17:7 * let all the. # 20:2,27 Nu 15:35,36 De 13:10 21:21 22:21 Jos 7:25 Joh 8:59 # Joh 10:31-33 Ac 7:58,59 * bear his sin. # 5:1 20:16,17 Nu 9:13 * blasphemeth. As the word {nakav} not only signifies to curse, or blaspheme, but also to express, or distinguish by name, (Nu. 1:17. 1 Ch. 12:31. Isa. 62:2,) hence the Jews, at a very early period, understood this law as prohibiting them from uttering the name Jehovah, on any other than sacred occasions. The Septuagint, which was made at least 250 years before Christ, renders it [ ,] "Whosoever nameth the name of the Lord, let him die;" from which we see that the Jews at this time were accustomed to pronounce {adonay,} or Lord, instead of Jehovah; for in place of it the Septuagint always put [ .] # Ex 20:7 1Ki 21:10-13 Ps 74:10,18 139:20 Mt 12:31 Mr 3:28,29 # Joh 8:58,59 10:33-36 Ac 26:11 1Ti 1:13 Jas 2:7 * And he. # Ge 9:5,6 Ex 21:12-14 Nu 35:31 De 19:11,12 * killeth any man. Heb. smiteth the life of a man. * that killeth. # 21 Ex 21:34-36 * beast for beast. Heb. life for life. # De 19:21 Mt 5:38 7:2 # Ex 21:23-25 De 19:21 Mt 5:38 * a beast. # 18 Ex 21:33 * a man. # 17 # 17:10 19:34 Ex 12:49 Nu 9:14 15:15,16,29 * See on ver. # 14-16 Nu 15:35,36 Heb 2:2,3 10:28,29 1 The sabbath of the seventh year. 8 The jubilee in the fiftieth year. 14 Of oppression. 18 A blessing of obedience. 23 The redemption of land. 29 Of houses. 35 Compassion to the poor. 39 The usage of bondmen. 47 The redemption of servants. # Ex 19:1 Nu 1:1 10:11,12 Ga 4:24,25 * When ye. See on ch. # 14:34 De 32:8,49 34:4 Ps 24:1,2 115:16 Isa 8:8 Jer 27:5 * keep. Heb. rest. # 23:32 *marg: * a sabbath. # 26:34,35 Ex 23:10 2Ch 36:21 * six years. # Mt 21:33-41 Lu 13:6-9 # 20-23 26:34,35,43 Ex 23:10,11 2Ch 36:21 * groweth. # 2Ki 19:29 Isa 37:30 * thy vine undressed. Heb. the separation. # Ex 23:11 Ac 2:44 4:32,34,35 # 7 # 23:15 Ge 2:2 * of the jubilee to sound. Heb. loud of sound. # Nu 10:10 Ps 89:15 Ac 13:38,39 Ro 10:18 15:19 2Co 5:19-21 # 1Th 1:8 * jubilee. # 10-12 27:17,24 Nu 36:4 * the day. # 16:20,30 23:24,27 * proclaim. # Ex 20:2 Ezr 1:3 Ps 146:7 Isa 49:9,24,25 61:1-3 63:4 # Jer 34:8,13-17 Zec 9:11,12 Lu 1:74 4:16-21 Joh 8:32-36 # Ro 6:17,18 2Co 3:17 Ga 4:25-31 5:1,13 1Pe 2:16 2Pe 2:19,20 * every man. # 13,26-28,33,34 27:17-24 * ye shall return. # Nu 36:2-9 * A jubilee. Respecting the literal meaning of the word [ ,] {yobel,} or {yovel,} critics are not agreed. The most natural derivation of the word seems to be from [ ,] {hovil,} the {Hiphil} form of [ ,] {yaval,} to recall, restore, or bring back, because this year restored all slaves to their liberty, and brought back all alienated estates to their primitive owners. Accordingly the LXX. render it here [ ,] a remission; and Josephus says it signifies [ ,] liberty. # 27:17 * ye shall. # 5-7 # 6,7 # 10 27:17-24 Nu 36:4 # 17 19:13 De 16:19,20 Jud 4:3 1Sa 12:3,4 2Ch 16:10 Ne 9:36,37 # Job 20:19,20 Ps 10:18 Pr 14:31 21:13 22:16 28:3,8,16 Ec 5:8 # Isa 1:17 3:12-15 5:7 33:15 58:6 Jer 22:17 Eze 22:7,12,13 # Am 5:11,12 8:4-7 Mic 2:2,3 6:10-12 7:3 Lu 3:14 1Co 6:8 # Jas 5:1-5 # 27:18-23 Php 4:5 # 16 * shall not. # 14 * fear. # 43 19:14,32 Ge 20:11 22:12 39:9 42:18 Ex 20:20 De 25:18 # 1Sa 12:24 2Ch 19:7 Ne 5:9,15 Ps 19:9 Pr 1:7 Jer 22:16 Mal 3:5 # Lu 12:5 Ac 9:31 10:2,35 Ro 3:18 11:20 * Wherefore. # 19:37 Ps 103:18 * and ye. # 26:3-12 De 12:10 28:1-14 33:12,28 Ps 4:8 Pr 1:33 Jer 7:3-7 # Jer 23:6 25:5 33:16 Eze 33:24-26,29 34:25-28 36:24-28 # 26:5 Ps 67:6 85:12 Isa 30:23 65:21,22 Eze 34:25-28 36:30 # Joe 2:24,26 # Nu 11:4,13 2Ki 6:15-17 7:2 2Ch 25:9 Ps 78:19,20 Isa 1:2 # Mt 6:25-34 8:26 Lu 12:29 Php 4:6 Heb 13:5,6 * I will. As it is here graciously promised, that the sixth year was to bring forth fruits for three years, not merely for two, it is evident that both the sabbatical year and the year of jubilee were distinctly provided for. They were not to sow from the sixth to the eighth year, omitting two seed times; nor reap from the sixth to the ninth, omitting two harvests. No legislator, unless conscious of being divinely commissioned, would have committed himself by enacting such a law as this; nor would any people have submitted to receive it, except in consequence of the fullest conviction that a divine authority had dictated it. It therefore stands as a proof that Moses acted by the express direction of the Almighty, and that the people were fully persuaded of the reality of his divine mission by the miracles he wrought. # Ge 26:12 41:47 Ex 16:29 De 28:3,8 Ps 133:3 Pr 10:22 2Co 9:10 * three years. # 4,8-11 * eighth. # 2Ki 19:29 Isa 37:30 * old fruit. # Jos 5:11,12 * The land. See on ver. # 10 1Ki 21:3 Eze 48:14 * for ever. or, to be quite cut off. Heb. for cutting off. for the land. # De 32:43 2Ch 7:20 Ps 24:1 85:1 Isa 8:8 Ho 9:3 Joe 2:18 3:2 * for ye are. # Ge 47:9 1Ch 29:15 Ps 39:12 119:19 Heb 11:9-13 1Pe 2:11 * redemption. # 27,31,51-53 Ro 8:23 1Co 1:30 Eph 1:7,14 4:30 # Ru 2:20 3:2,9,12 4:4-6 Jer 32:7,8 2Co 8:9 Heb 2:13,14 Re 5:9 * himself be able to redeem it. Heb. his hand hath attained, and found sufficiency. # 5:7 *marg: # 50-53 * and in the. # 13 * he shall. See on # Isa 35:9,10 Jer 32:15 1Co 15:52-54 1Th 4:13-18 1Pe 1:4,5 A very proper difference is here made between houses in a city and houses in the country. The former might be redeemed any time in the course of a year; but after that time could not be redeemed, or go out with the Jubilee: the latter might be redeemed at any time; and if not redeemed must go out with the jubilee. The reason in both cases is sufficiently evident; the house in the city might be built merely for the purposes of trade or traffic--the house in the country was builded on, or attached to, the inheritance which God had divided to the respective families. It was therefore necessary that the same law should apply to the house as to the inheritance; which necessity did not exist with regard to the house in the city. And, as the house in the city might be purchased for the purpose of trade, it would be very inconvenient for the purchaser, when his business was established, to be obliged to remove. # Ge 24:55 # 30 * they may be redeemed. Heb. redemption belongeth unto it. # Ps 49:7,8 * the cities. As the Levites had no inheritance in Israel, but only cities to dwell in; and consequently the houses in these cities were all they could call their own, therefore they could not be ultimately alienated. # Nu 35:2-8 Jos 21:1-45 * a man purchase of the Levites. or, one of the Levites redeem them. shall go. # 28 * for the houses. # Nu 18:20-24 De 18:1,2 # 23 Ac 4:36,37 * thy brother. # 25 De 15:7,8 Pr 14:20,21 17:5 19:17 Mr 14:7 Joh 12:8 2Co 8:9 # Jas 2:5,6 * fallen in decay. Heb. his hand faileth. then. # Ps 37:26 41:1 112:5,9 Pr 14:31 Lu 6:35 Ac 11:29 # Ro 12:13,18,20 2Co 9:1,12-15 Ga 2:10 1Jo 3:17 * relieve. Heb. strengthen. a stranger. # 19:34 Ex 23:9 De 10:18,19 Mt 25:35 Heb 13:2 * usury. # Ex 22:25 De 23:19,20 Ne 5:7-10 Ps 15:5 Pr 28:8 Eze 18:8,13,17 # Eze 22:12 * fear. # 17 Ne 5:9,15 # 37 * which. # Ex 20:2 * and to be. # 11:45 22:32,33 Nu 15:41 Jer 31:1,33 32:38 Heb 11:16 * be sold. # Ex 21:2 22:3 De 15:12 1Ki 9:22 2Ki 4:1 Ne 5:5 Jer 34:14 * compel him to serve as. Heb. serve thyself with him with the service of, etc. # 46 *marg: # Ex 1:14 Jer 25:14 27:7 30:8 # Ex 21:2,3 * then shall. # Ex 21:3 Joh 8:32 Ro 6:14 Tit 2:14 * shall return. See on ver. # 10,28 * my servants. # 55 Ro 6:22 1Co 7:21-23 * as bondsmen. Heb. with the sale of a bondman. * rule. # 46,53 Ex 1:13,14 2:23 3:7,9 5:14 Isa 47:6 58:3 Eph 6:9 # Col 4:1 * but shalt. See on ver. # 17 Ex 1:17,21 De 25:18 Mal 3:5 # Ex 12:44 Ps 2:8,9 Isa 14:1,2 Re 2:26,27 # Isa 56:3-6 * And ye shall. # Isa 14:2 * they shall be your bondmen for ever. Heb. ye shall serve yourselves with them. See on ver. # 39 * ye shall not rule. # 43 * sojourner or stranger wax rich. Heb. the hand of a stranger, etc. obtain, etc. # 26 1Sa 2:7,8 Jas 2:5 * See on ver. # 25,35 Ne 5:5,8 Ga 4:4,5 Heb 2:11-13 * or if he be. See on ver. # 26 * reckon. # 27 * price of his sale. This was a very equitable law, both to the sojourner to whom the man was sold, and to the Israelite who had been sold. The Israelite might redeem himself, or one of his kindred might redeem him; but this must not be done to the prejudice of his master. They were therefore to reckon the years he must have served, from that time till the jubilee; and then taking the current wages of a servant, per year, at that time, multiply the remaining years by that sum, and the aggregate was to be given to his master for his redemption. The Jews hold that the kindred of such a person were bound, if in their power, to redeem him, lest he should be swallowed up among the heathen; and we find (Ne 5:8) that this was done by the Jews on their return from the Babylonish captivity. * according to the time. # 40,53 De 15:18 Job 7:1,2 14:6 Isa 16:14 21:16 # 51 * jubilee. The jubilee was a wonderful institution, and of great service to the religion, freedom, and independence of the Hebrews. It was calculated to prevent the rich from oppressing the poor, and reducing them to perpetual slavery; and to hinder their obtaining possession of all the lands by purchase, mortgage, or usurpation. It was further intended, that debts should not be multiplied too much, lest the poor should be entirely ruined; that slaves should not always continue in servitude; that personal liberty, equality of property, and the regular order of families might, as much as possible, be preserved; and that the people might thus be strongly attached to their country, lands, and inheritances. # 9,52 * See on ver. # 43 * in these years. or, by these means. then. # 40,41 Ex 21:2,3 Isa 49:9,25 52:3 * my servants. # 42 Ex 13:3 20:2 Ps 116:16 Isa 43:3 Lu 1:74,75 Ro 6:14,17,18 # Ro 6:22 1Co 7:22,23 9:19,21 Ga 5:13 1 Of idolatry. 2 Religiousness. 3 A blessing to them that keep the commandments. 14 A curse to those that break them. 40 God promises to remember them that repent. * Ye shall. # 19:4 Ex 20:4,5,23 23:24 34:17 De 4:16-19 5:8,9 16:21,22 27:15 # Ps 97:7 115:4-8 Isa 2:20 44:9-20 48:5-8 Jer 10:3-8 Ac 17:29 # Ro 2:22,23 1Co 10:19,20 Re 13:14,15 22:15 * standing image. or, pillar. image of stone. or, figured stone. Heb. a stone of picture. * See on ch. # 19:30 # 18:4,5 De 11:13-15 28:1-14 Jos 23:14,15 Jud 2:1,2 Ps 81:12-16 # Isa 1:19 48:18,19 Mt 7:24,25 Ro 2:7-10 Re 22:14 * Then I. # De 28:12 1Ki 17:1 Job 5:10 37:11-13 38:25-28 Ps 65:9-13 68:9 # Ps 104:13 Isa 5:6 30:23 Jer 14:22 Eze 34:26,27 Joe 2:23,24 # Am 4:7,8 Mt 5:45 Ac 14:17 Jas 5:7,17,18 Re 11:6 * the land. # 25:21 Ps 67:6 85:12 Eze 34:27 36:30 Hag 2:18,19 Zec 8:12 * threshing. # Am 9:13 Mt 9:37,38 Joh 4:35,36 * eat your. # 25:19 Ex 16:8 De 11:15 Joe 2:19,26 Ac 14:17 1Ti 6:17 * dwell. # 25:18 Job 11:18,19 Ps 46:1-7 90:1 91:1-14 Pr 1:33 18:10 # Jer 23:6 Eze 34:25-28 Mt 23:37 1Pe 1:5 * I will. # 1Ch 22:9 Ps 29:11 147:14 Isa 9:7 45:7 Jer 30:10 Ho 2:18 # Mic 4:4 Hag 2:9 Zec 9:10 Joh 14:27 Ro 5:1 Php 4:7-9 * ye shall. # Job 11:19 Ps 3:5 4:8 127:1,2 Pr 3:24 6:22 Isa 35:9 Jer 30:10 # Jer 31:26 Eze 34:25 Zep 3:13 Ac 12:6 * rid. Heb. cause to cease. # Ex 23:29 2Ki 2:24 17:25,26 Job 5:23 Isa 35:9 Eze 5:17 # Eze 14:15,21 * shall the sword. # Eze 14:17 * chase. # 1Sa 14:6 2Ch 20:5-7,12,14-17 Zec 12:8 # Nu 14:9 De 28:7 32:30 Jos 23:10 Jud 7:19-21 1Sa 14:6-16 # 1Sa 17:45-52 1Ch 11:11,20 Ps 81:14,15 * for I. # Ex 2:25 2Ki 13:23 Ne 2:20 Ps 89:3 138:6,7 Jer 33:3 Heb 8:9 * make you. # Ge 17:6,7,20 26:4 28:3,14 Ex 1:7 De 28:4,11 Ne 9:23 Ps 107:38 * establish. # Ge 6:18 17:7 Ex 6:4 Isa 55:3 Eze 16:62 Lu 1:72 # 25:22 Jos 5:11 2Ki 19:29 Lu 12:17 * I will. # Ex 25:8 29:45 Jos 22:19 1Ki 8:13,27 Ps 76:2 78:68,69 # Ps 132:13,14 Eze 37:26-28 Eph 2:22 Re 21:3 * abhor. # 20:23 De 32:19 Ps 78:59 106:40 Jer 14:21 La 2:7 Zec 11:8 * I will. # Ge 3:8 5:22,24 6:9 De 23:14 2Co 6:16 Re 2:1 * will be. # Ge 17:7 Ex 3:6 6:7 19:5,6 Ps 50:7 68:18-20 Isa 12:2 41:10 # Jer 7:23 11:4 30:22 31:33 32:38 Eze 11:20 36:38 Joe 2:27 # Zec 13:9 Mt 22:32 Heb 11:16 Re 21:7 * I am. # 25:38,42,55 * See on # Ex 20:2 Ps 81:6-10 1Co 6:19,20 * and I have. # Ps 116:16 Isa 51:23 Jer 2:20 Eze 34:27 # 18 De 28:15-68 Jer 17:27 La 1:18 2:17 Mal 2:2 Ac 3:23 # Heb 12:25 * despise. # 43 Nu 15:31 2Sa 12:9,10 2Ki 17:15 2Ch 36:16 Pr 1:7,30 # Jer 6:19 Zec 7:11-13 Ac 13:41 1Th 4:8 * soul. # Ps 50:17 Pr 5:12 Ro 8:7 * break. # Ge 17:14 Ex 19:5 24:7 De 31:16 Isa 24:5 Jer 11:10 31:32 # Eze 16:59 Heb 8:9 * appoint. # Ps 109:6 * over you. Heb. upon you. terror. # De 28:65-67 32:25 Job 15:20,21 18:11 20:25 Ps 73:19 Isa 7:2 # Jer 15:8 20:4 Heb 10:31 * consumption. # Ex 15:26 De 28:21,22,35 * consume. # De 28:32,34,67 1Sa 2:33 Ps 78:33 Eze 33:10 Zec 14:12 * and ye shall. # De 28:33,51 Jud 6:3-6,11 Job 31:8 Isa 65:22-24 Jer 5:17 12:13 # Mic 6:15 Hag 1:6 * for your. # Isa 10:4 * set. See on ch. # 17:10 20:5,6 Ps 68:1,2 * ye shall be. # De 28:25 Jud 2:14 1Sa 4:10 31:1 Ne 9:27-30 Ps 106:41,42 # Jer 19:7 La 1:5 * shall flee. # 36 Ps 53:5 Pr 28:1 * seven times. # 21,24,28 1Sa 2:5 Ps 119:164 Pr 24:16 Da 3:19 * will break. # 1Sa 4:3,11 Isa 2:12 25:11 26:5 Jer 13:9 Eze 7:24 30:6 Da 4:37 # Zep 3:11 * make. # De 28:23 1Ki 17:1 Jer 14:1-6 Lu 4:25 * your strength. # Ps 127:1 Isa 49:4 Hab 2:13 Ga 4:11 * for your land. See on ver. # 4 De 11:17 28:18,38-40,42 Job 31:40 Ps 107:34 Hag 1:9-11 # Hag 2:16 1Co 3:6 * contrary unto me. or, at all adventures with me: and so ver. # 24 * wild. # 6 De 32:24 2Ki 17:25 Jer 15:3 Eze 5:17 14:15,21 * rob you. # 2Ki 2:24 * your high. # Jud 5:6 2Ch 15:5 Isa 24:6 33:8 La 1:4 Eze 14:15 33:28 # Mic 3:12 Zec 7:14 # Isa 1:16-20 Jer 2:30 5:3 Eze 24:13,14 Am 4:6-12 # 2Sa 22:27 Job 9:4 Ps 18:26 Isa 63:10 * will bring. # De 32:25,41 Jud 2:14-16 Ps 78:62-64 Isa 34:5,6 Jer 9:16 # Jer 14:12,13 15:2-4 La 2:21 Eze 5:17 6:3 14:17 21:4-17 29:8 # Eze 33:2 * avenge. # De 32:35 Ps 94:1 Eze 20:37 Heb 10:28-30 * I will send. # Nu 14:12 16:49 De 28:21 2Sa 24:15 Jer 14:12 24:10 29:17,18 # Am 4:10 Lu 21:11 # Ps 105:16 Isa 3:1 9:20 Jer 14:12 La 4:3-9 Eze 4:10,16 5:16 # Eze 14:13 Ho 4:10 Mic 6:14 Hag 1:6 # 21,24 * in fury. # Isa 27:4 59:18 63:3 66:15 Jer 21:5 Eze 5:13,15 8:18 Na 1:2,6 This was literally fulfilled at the siege of Jerusalem. Josephus gives a dreadful detail respecting a woman named Mary, who, in the extremity of the famine, during the seige, killed her sucking child, roasted, and had eaten part of it, when discovered by the soldiers! # De 28:53-57 2Ki 6:28,29 Jer 19:9 La 2:20 4:10 Eze 5:10 # Mt 24:19 Lu 23:29 * I will destroy. # 1Ki 13:2 2Ki 23:8,16,20 2Ch 14:3-5 23:17 31:1 34:3-7 Isa 27:9 # Jer 8:1-3 Eze 6:3-6,13 * my soul. See on ver. # 11,15 20:23 Ps 78:58,59 89:38 Jer 14:19 * And I will make. # 2Ki 25:4-10 2Ch 36:19 Ne 2:3,17 Isa 1:7 24:10-12 Jer 4:7 9:11 # La 1:1 2:7 Eze 6:6 21:15 Mic 3:12 * and bring. # Ps 74:3-8 Jer 22:5 26:6,9 52:13 La 1:10 Eze 9:6 21:7 24:21 # Mt 24:1,2 Lu 21:5,6,24 Ac 6:14 * I will not smell. See on # Ge 8:21 Isa 1:11-14 66:3 Am 5:21-23 Heb 10:26 * And I. # De 29:23 Isa 1:7,8 5:6,9 6:11 24:1 32:13,14 64:10 Jer 9:11 # Jer 25:11,18,38 44:2,22 La 5:18 Eze 33:28,29 Da 9:2,18 # Hab 3:17 Lu 21:20 * and your. # De 28:37 29:24-28 1Ki 9:8 Jer 18:16 19:8 La 4:12 Eze 5:15 # De 4:27 28:64-66 Ps 44:11 Jer 9:16 La 1:3 4:15 Eze 12:14-16 # Eze 20:23 22:15 Zec 7:14 Lu 21:24 Jas 1:1 This was fulfilled during the Babylonish captivity: for, from Saul to the captivity are about 490 years, during which period there were 70 sabbaths of years neglected by the Hebrews. Now the Babylonish captivity lasted 70 years, and during that time the land of Israel rested. # 25:2-4,10 2Ch 36:21 # Isa 24:5,6 Ro 8:22 * I will send. # Ge 35:5 De 28:65-67 Jos 2:9-11 5:1 1Sa 17:24 2Ki 7:6,7 # 2Ch 14:14 Job 15:21,22 Isa 7:2,4 Eze 21:7,12,15 * and the. # 7,8,17 De 1:44 Job 15:21 Pr 28:1 Isa 30:17 * shaken. Heb. driven. * they shall. # Jud 7:22 1Sa 14:15,16 Isa 10:4 Jer 37:10 * and ye shall. # Nu 14:42 Jos 7:12,13 Jud 2:14 # De 4:27 28:48,68 Isa 27:13 Jer 42:17,18,22 44:12-14,27,28 * shall pine. # De 28:65 30:1 Ne 1:9 Ps 32:3,4 Jer 3:25 29:12 La 4:9 Eze 4:17 # Eze 6:9 20:43 24:23 33:10 36:31 Ho 5:15 Zec 10:9 * and also. # Ex 20:5 34:7 Nu 14:18 De 5:9 Jer 31:29 Eze 18:2,3,19 # Mt 23:35,36 Ro 11:8-10 * confess. # Nu 5:7 De 4:29-31 30:1-3 Jos 7:19 1Ki 8:33-36,47 Ne 9:2-5 # Job 33:27,28 Ps 32:5 Pr 28:13 Jer 31:18-20 Eze 36:31 # Da 9:3-20 Ho 5:15 6:1,2 Lu 15:18,19 1Jo 1:8-10 * and that. # 21,24,27,28 * their uncircumcised. # De 30:6 Jer 4:4 6:10 9:25,26 Eze 44:7 Ac 7:51 Ro 2:28,29 # Ga 5:6 Php 3:3 Col 2:11 * humbled. # Ex 10:3 1Ki 21:29 2Ch 12:6,7,12 32:26 33:12,13,19,23 Eze 6:9 # Eze 20:43 Mt 23:12 Lu 14:11 18:14 Jas 4:6-9 1Pe 5:5,6 * and they. # Ezr 9:13,15 Ne 9:33 Ps 39:9 51:3,4 Da 9:7-14,18,19 * will I. # Ge 9:16 Ex 2:24 6:5 De 4:31 Ps 106:45 Eze 16:60 Lu 1:72 * and I will. # Ps 85:1,2 136:23 Eze 36:1-15,33,34 Joe 2:18 * shall enjoy. See on ver. # 34,35 * and they. See on ver. # 41 1Ki 8:46-48 2Ch 33:12 Job 5:17 34:31,32 Ps 50:15 # Ps 119:67,71,75 Isa 26:16 Jer 31:19 Da 9:7-9,14 Heb 12:5-11 * they despised. See on ver. # 15 2Ki 17:7-17 2Ch 36:14-16 * their soul. # 15,30 Ps 50:17 Am 5:10 Zec 11:8 Joh 7:7 15:23,24 Ro 8:7 * I will. # De 4:29-31 2Ki 13:23 Ne 9:31 Ps 94:14 Eze 14:22,23 Ro 11:2,26 * abhor. See on ver. # 11 * break. # Ps 89:33 Jer 14:21 33:20,21 Eze 16:60 * for their. # Ge 12:2 15:18 17:7,8 Ex 2:24 19:5,6 Lu 1:72,73 # Ro 11:12,23-26,28,29 2Co 3:15,16 * whom I. # 22:33 25:38 * See on # Ex 20:2 * in the sight. # Ps 98:2,3 Eze 20:9,14,22 As this verse appears to be the proper concluding verse of the whole book, Dr. A. Clarke thinks that the 27th chapter originally followed the 25th. Others suppose that the 27th chapter was added after the book was finished; and, therefore, there is apparently a double conclusion, one at the end of this, and another at the end of the 27th chapter. All the ancient versions agree in concluding both chapters in nearly the same way. * the statues. # 27:34 De 6:1 12:1 13:4 Joh 1:17 * in mount Sinai. # 25:1 * by the hand. # 8:36 Nu 4:37 Ps 77:20 1 He that makes a singular vow must be the Lord's. 3 The estimation of the person; 9 of a beast given by vow; 14 of a house; 16 of a field, and the redemption thereof. 28 No devoted thing may be redeemed. 30 The tithe may not be changed. # 1 * When. # Ge 28:20-22 Nu 6:2 21:2 De 23:21-23 Jud 11:30,31,39 # 1Sa 1:11,28 * a singular vow. A vow is a religious promise made to God, for the most part with prayer, and paid with thanksgiving. Vows were either of abstinence (Nu 6:30), or the devoting of something to the Lord, as sacrifices (Le 7:16,) or the value of persons, beasts, houses, or lands, concerning which the law is here given. A man might vow or devote himself, his children, his domestics, his cattle, his goods, etc.; and respecting the redemption of all these, rules are laid down in this chapter. But if, after consecrating these things, he refused to redeem them, they then became the Lord's property forever. The persons continued all their lives devoted to the sanctuary, the goods were sold for the profit of the temple, or the priests; and the animals, if clean, were offered in sacrifice; and if not proper for sacrifice, were sold, and the proceeds devoted to sacred uses. This is a general view of the different laws relative to vows, mentioned in this chapter. # Ec 5:4,5 * And thy estimation. # 14 5:15 6:6 Nu 18:16 2Ki 12:4 *marg: * fifty shekels. i.e, At three shillings each, 7£. 10s. sterling. * after the. # 25 Ex 30:13 * thirty shekels. i.e., 4£. 10s. sterling, A little more than one-half the value of a man; for this obvious reason, that a woman, if employed, would not be of so much use in the sanctuary as the man. # Zec 11:12,13 Mt 26:15 27:9,10 * twenty shekels. i.e., 3£. sterling. ten shekels. i.e., 1£. 10s. sterling # 5 * from. # Nu 3:40-43 18:14-16 * the male. The male five shekels, 15s., the female three shekels, 9s. Being both in infancy they were nearly of an equal value. * from. # Ps 90:10 * fifteen. The old man and the old woman, being almost past labour, were nearly of an equal value; the former being estimated at 15 shekels, and the latter at 10. * poorer. # 5:7 12:8 14:21,22 Mr 14:7 Lu 21:1-4 2Co 8:12 * according. # Jer 5:7 * all...is holy. i.e., separated and devoted; it cannot be redeemed like a human being, a house, or a field. (Young). # 9 # 15-33 Jas 1:8 # De 23:18 Mal 1:14 * as thou valuest it, who art the priest. Heb. according to thy estimation, O priest, etc. # 14 # 10,15,19 5:16 6:4,5 22:14 * sanctify. # 21 25:29-31 Nu 18:14 Ps 101:2-7 * as the priest. # 12 * then he shall add. See on ver. # 13 * some part. Though the words "some part" are not expressed, yet it is generally allowed that they should be supplied here; as it was not lawful for a man to alienate in this manner his whole patrimony: he might express his good will for the house of God but he must not impoverish his own family. * of a field. # Ac 4:34-37 5:4 * an homer. or, the land of an homer, etc., i.e, as much land as required a homer of barley to sow it. The {homer} was very different from the {omer;} the latter held about three quarts, the former seventy-five gallons three pints. # Isa 5:10 Eze 45:11-14 Ho 3:2 # 17 # 25:15,16,27,51,52 * See on ver. # 13 # 20 * when. # 25:10,28,31 * devoted. It is {cherem,} a thing so devoted to God, as never more to be capable of being redeemed. # 28,29 De 13:17 Jos 6:17 Ezr 10:8 Eze 44:29 *marg: * priest's. # Nu 18:14 Eze 44:29 * his possession. # 25:10,25 # 12,18 # 20 25:28 * And all. # 3 * to the shekel. A standard shekel; the standard being kept in the sanctuary, to try and regulate all the weights in the land by. * twenty. # Ex 30:13 Nu 3:47 18:16 Eze 45:12 * the firstling. Heb. first born, etc. As these firstlings were the Lord's before, it would have been a solemn mockery to pretend to make them a matter of a singular vow; for they were already appointed, if clean, to be sacrificed. * which. # Ex 13:2,12,13 22:30 Nu 18:17 De 15:19 * and shall add. This was probably intended to prevent rash vows and covetous redemptions. The priest alone was to value the thing; and to whatever his valuation was, a fifth part must be added by him who wished to redeem it. # 11-13 * no devoted. This is the {cherem,} the absolute, irredeemable grant to God. # 21 Ex 22:20 Nu 21:2,3 De 7:1,2 13:15,16 20:16,17 25:19 # Jos 6:17-19,26 7:1,11-13,25 Jud 11:30,31 21:5,11,18 # 1Sa 14:24-28,38-45 15:3,18,32,33 Mt 25:41 Ac 23:12-14 Ro 9:3 # 1Co 16:22 Ga 3:10,13 * None. # Nu 21:2,3 1Sa 15:18-23 * which shall be devoted. That is, either that every person devoted to the service of God shall not be redeemed, but die in that devoted state, or, that such as were devoted to death by appointment and law of God, as the Canaanites were, shall be put to death. # Ge 14:20 28:22 Nu 18:21-24 De 12:5,6 14:22,23 2Ch 31:5,6,12 # Ne 10:37,38 12:44 13:5,12 Mal 3:8-10 Mt 23:23 Lu 11:42 18:12 # Heb 7:5-9 # 13 * passeth under the rod. The Rabbins say, that when a man gave the tithe of his sheep or calves, he shut them in one fold, in which was a narrow door, to let out but one at a time. He then stood by the door, with a rod dipped in vermilion in his hand, and as they passed he counted them with the rod; and when the tenth came he touched it, by which it was distinguished as the tithe calf, sheep, etc. # Jer 33:13 Eze 20:37 Mic 7:14 # 10 * commandments. # 26:46 De 4:45 Joh 1:17 * in mount. # Nu 1:1 Ga 4:24,25 Heb 12:18-25 CONCLUDING REMARKS. Thus terminates this most interesting and important book; a book containing a code of sacrificial, ceremonial, civil, and judicial laws, which, for the purity of their morality, the wisdom, justice, and beneficence of their enactments, and the simplicity, dignity, and impressive nature of their rites, are perfectly unrivalled, and altogether worthy of their Divine Author. All the rites and ceremonies of the Mosaic law are at once dignified and expressive. They point out the holiness of their Author, the sinfulness of man, the necessity of an atonement, and the state of moral excellence to which the grace and mercy of the Creator have destined to raise the human soul. They include, as well as point out, the gospel of the Son of God; from which they receive their consummation and perfection. The sacrifices and oblations were significant of the atonement of Christ; the requisite qualities of these sacrifices were emblematical of his immaculate character; and the prescribed mode in the form of these offerings, and the mystical rites ordained, were allusive institutions, calculated to enlighten the apprehensions of the Jews, and to prepare them for the reception of the Gospel. The institution of the high priesthood typified Jesus, the Great High Priest, called and prepared of God, who hath an unchangeable priesthood, and is able to save to the uttermost all that come unto God by him. 1 God commands Moses to number the people. 5 The princes of the tribes. 17 The number of every tribe. 47 The Levites are exempted for the service of the Lord. * wilderness. # 10:11,12 Ex 19:1 Le 27:34 * tabernacle. # Ex 25:22 Le 1:1 * on the first day. As the tabernacle was erected on the first day of the first month, in the second year of their departure from Egypt, (Ex 40:17,) and this happened on the first day of the second month, in the same year, it is evident that the transactions related in the preceding book must all have taken place in the space of one month, and during the time the Israelites were encamped at mount Sinai. # 9:1 10:11 Ex 40:17 1Ki 6:1 * Take ye the sum. This numbering was probably intended to illustrate the Divine faithfulness in thus increasing the seed of Abraham; to prepare them to preserve due order in their march; and to distinguish the tribes and families. # 26:2-4,63,64 Ex 30:12 38:26 2Sa 24:1-3 1Ch 21:1,2 27:23,24 * the children. # Ge 49:1-3 Ex 1:1-5 * after. # 18,22,26-54 Ex 6:14-19 * twenty. # 14:29 32:11 Ex 30:14 * able. # 26:2 De 3:18 24:5 2Sa 24:9 2Ch 17:13-18 26:11-13 * by their. # 33:1 Ex 12:17 # 16 2:3-31 7:10-83 10:14-27 13:2-15 17:3 25:4,14 34:18-28 # Ex 18:25 Jos 22:14 1Ch 27:1-22 * Elizur. # 2:10 7:30 10:18 Ge 29:32-35 30:5-20 35:17-26 46:8-24 49:1-33 # Ex 1:2-5 De 33:1-29 Re 7:4-8 * Shelumiel. # 2:12 7:36 * Nahshon. # 2:3 7:12 10:14 Ru 4:18 1Ch 2:10,11 Mt 1:2-5 Lu 3:32 * Naasson. * Nethaneel. # 2:5 7:18 10:15 * Eliab. # 2:7 7:24 10:16 * Elishama. # 2:18 7:48 10:22 1Ch 7:26,27 * Gamaliel. # 2:20 7:54 10:23 * Abidan. # 2:22 7:60 10:24 * Ahiezer. # 2:25 7:66 10:25 * Pagiel. # 2:27 7:72 10:26 * Eliasaph. # 7:42 10:20 * Son of Reuel. # 2:14 * Deuel. As the [ ,] {daleth} is very like the [ ,] {resh,} they might be easily mistaken for each other; and hence this person being called both Dëuel and Rëuel, may be easily accounted for. The Septuagint and Syriac have Reuel, in this chapter; and in ch. 2:14, the Samaritan, Vulgate, and Arabic have Deuel, instead of Reuel, with which reading a vast number of MSS. concur, and which is also supported by ch. 7:42, 10:20. We may therefore safely conclude, the Dëuel, and not Rëuel, was the original reading. * Ahira. # 2:29 7:78 10:27 * the renowned. {Keruey häâidah,} literally "the called of the congregation," those who were summoned by name to attend. # 2:3-31 7:2,10-83 10:14-27 11:17 16:2 26:9 Jud 6:15 # 1Ch 27:16-22 * heads. # 4 Ex 18:21,25 De 1:15 1Sa 22:7 23:23 Mic 5:2 # 5-15 Joh 10:3 Re 7:4-17 * their pedigrees. # Ezr 2:59 Ne 7:61 Heb 7:3,6 *margins * by the. See on ver. # 2 * according. # 20-54 * from twenty. In this census no women were reckoned, nor children, nor minors, nor strangers, nor Levites, nor old men; which, collectively, must have formed an immense multitude; the Levites alone amounted to 22,300 men. # 2 26:1,2 2Sa 24:1-10 # 2:10,11 26:5-7 Ge 29:32 46:9 49:3,4 1Ch 5:1 That a comparative view may be easily taken of the state of the tribes, we will here produce them, compared with that of the second census, (ch. 26,) in their decreasing proportion, beginning with the greatest and proceeding to the least. 1st Census 2nd Census 1. Judah, 74,600 76,500 2. Dan, 62,700 64,400 3. Simeon, 59,300 22,200 4. Zebulun, 57,400 60,500 5. Issachar, 54,400 64,300 6. Naphtali, 53,400 45,400 7. Reuben, 46,500 43,730 8. Gad, 45,650 40,500 9. Asher, 41,500 53,400 10. Ephraim, 40,500 32,500 11. Benjamin, 35,400 45,600 12. Manasseh, 32,200 52,700 _______ _______ Totals: 603,550 601,730 ------- ------- Thus we find Judah the most populous tribe, and Manasseh the least so; the difference between them being as great as 42,000. Jacob had given Judah the pre-eminence in his prophetic blessing; and that tribe was to have the precedency in the encampments of Israel: accordingly God had increased them more than any of their brethren. Ephraim and Manasseh, according to the same prophecy, were numbered as distinct tribes, Ephraim having the superiority, as it was foretold; and Joseph indeed appears "a fruitful bough." # 2:10,11 26:7 # 2:12,13 26:12-14 Ge 29:33 34:25-30 42:24 46:10 49:5,6 # 2:13 25:8,9,14 26:14 The tribe of Gad marched, along with that of Simeon, under the standard of Reuben; and it seems, on that account, to have been introduced in this order. The other tribes also, are here classed together according to their encampments, and the order of their subsequent march. # 2:14,15 26:15-18 Ge 30:10,11 46:16 49:19 # 2:15 26:18 # 2:3,4 26:19-22 Ge 29:35 46:12 49:8-12 2Sa 24:9 1Ch 5:2 # 2Ch 17:14-16 # 2:3,4 26:22 2Sa 24:9 2Ch 17:14-16 # 2:5,6 23:23-25 Ge 30:18 46:13 49:14,15 # 2:6 26:25 # 2:7,8 26:26,27 Ge 30:20 46:14 49:13 # 2:8 26:27 # 2:18,19 26:35-37 Ge 30:24 37:1-36 39:1-23 46:20 48:1-22 # Ge 49:22-26 De 33:17 * the tribe. # Ge 48:5 De 33:17 * were forty. # 2:19 26:37 * Manasseh. # 26:34 Ge 41:51 46:20 48:1 50:23 De 33:17 Jos 4:12 17:1 # 1Ch 7:14 Re 7:6 # 2:21 26:34 Ge 48:19,20 # Ge 35:16-18 44:20 46:21 49:27 # 2:23 26:41 Jud 20:44-46 2Ch 17:17 # Ge 30:5,6 46:23 49:16,17 # 2:26 26:43 # Ge 30:12,13 46:27 49:20 # 2:28 26:47 * Naphtali. # Ge 30:7,8 46:24 49:21 Respecting the manner in which this vast multitude sprang from 75 person, Scheuchzer has some valuable calculations, with the results of which we present the reader:-- 1. Judah. 7. Ruben. 1 Generation . . 25 1 Generation . . 31 2 . . . . . . . 238 2 . . . . . . . 215 3 . . . . . . . 3,865 3 . . . . . . . 2,583 4 . . . . . . . 70,735 4 . . . . . . . 43,917 ------ ------ Total of 3 and 4, 74,600 Total of 3 and 4, 46,500 2. Dan. 8. Gad. 1 Generation . . 11 1 Generation . . 67 2 . . . . . . . 132 2 . . . . . . . 475 3 . . . . . . . 2,508 3 . . . . . . . 3,804 4 . . . . . . . 60,192 4 . . . . . . . 41,846 ------ ------ Total of 3 and 4, 62,700 Total of 3 and 4, 45,650 3. Simeon. 9. Asher. 1 Generation . . 39 1 Generation . . 39 2 . . . . . . . 359 2 . . . . . . . 310 3 . . . . . . . 3,953 3 . . . . . . . 3,192 4 . . . . . . . 55,347 4 . . . . . . . 38,308 ------ ------ Total of 3 and 4, 59,300 Total of 3 and 4, 41,500 4. Zebulun. 10. Ephraim. 1 Generation . . 20 1 Generation . . 16 2 . . . . . . . 143 2 . . . . . . . 160 3 . . . . . . . 2,296 3 . . . . . . . 1,928 4 . . . . . . . 55,104 4 . . . . . . . 38,572 ------ ------ Total of 3 and 4, 57,400 Total of 3 and 4, 40,500 5. Issachar. 11. Benjamin. 1 Generation . . 27 1 Generation . . 98 2 . . . . . . . 251 2 . . . . . . . 885 3 . . . . . . . 3,022 3 . . . . . . . 4,425 4 . . . . . . . 51,378 4 . . . . . . . 30,975 ------ ------ Total of 3 and 4, 54,400 Total of 3 and 4, 35,400 6. Naphtali. 12. Manasseh. 1 Generation . . 26 1 Generation . . 10 2 . . . . . . . 296 2 . . . . . . . 134 3 . . . . . . . 3,560 3 . . . . . . . 1,610 4 . . . . . . . 49,840 4 . . . . . . . 30,590 ------ ------ Total of 3 and 4, 53,400 Total of 3 and 4, 32,200 13. Levi. 1 Generation . . 8 2 . . . . . . . 96 3 . . . . . . . 1,240 4 . . . . . . . 21,060 ------ Total of 3 and 4, 22,300 # 2:30 26:50 # 2-16 26:64 * all. i.e., except the Levites. # 47 * house of. # 2:32 * twenty years. # 3 14:29 What an astonishing increase from seventy persons who went down into Egypt about 215 years before, where they had latterly endured the greatest hardships! Such was the effect of God's promise, which cannot fail. # 2:32 23:10 26:51 Ge 12:2 13:16 15:5 17:6 22:17 26:3 28:14 # Ge 46:3,4 Ex 12:37 38:26 De 10:22 1Ki 4:20 2Sa 24:9 1Ch 21:5 # 2Ch 13:3 17:14-19 Heb 11:11,12 Re 7:4-9 # 3,50 2:33 3:1-51 4:1-49 8:1-26 26:57-62 1Ch 6:1-81 21:6 # 48 # 2:33 26:62 * thou shalt. # 3:1-10 4:15,25-33 Ex 31:18 32:26-29 38:21 1Ch 23:1-32 # 1Ch 25:1-26:32 Ezr 8:25-30,33,34 Ne 12:8,22,47 13:5,10-13,22 * the tabernacle. # 53 20:11 Ex 31:18 38:21 Ps 122:4 * shall encamp. # 2:17 3:23-38 10:21 * the Levites. # 4:5-33 10:11,17-21 * the stranger. # 3:10,38 16:40 18:22 Le 22:10-13 1Sa 6:19 2Sa 6:7 # 2:2,34 10:1-36 24:2 * shall pitch. # 50 3:7 18:3 1Ti 4:13-16 2Ti 4:2 * there be # 8:19 16:46 18:5 Le 10:6 1Sa 6:19 Jer 5:31 23:15 Ac 20:28-31 * and the. # 3:7,8 8:24-26 18:3-5 31:30,47 1Ch 23:32 2Ch 13:10 # 2:34 Ex 23:21,22 39:32,43 40:16,32 De 12:32 1Sa 15:22 # Mt 28:20 1 The order of the tribes in their tents. # 1 * Every man. The Israelites, it appears, encamped in four grand divisions, with the tabernacle in the centre; though at some distance from it. The form of the camp was quadrangular, containing, according to Scheuchzer, a little more than twelve square miles. Under each of the four divisions, three tribes were placed, under one general standard. Between these four great camps and the tabernacle, were pitched four smaller camps of the priests and Levites, who were in immediate attendance upon it; the camp of Moses, and of Aaron and his sons, being on the east side of the tabernacle, where the entrance was. Judah was placed on the east, and under him he had Issachar and Zebulun; on the south was Reuben, and under him Simeon and Gad; on the west was Ephraim, and under him Manasseh and Benjamin; and Dan was on the north, and under him Asher and Naphtali. Every tribe had its particular standard, probably with the name of the tribe embroidered with large letters. It seems highly improbable that the figures of animals should have been painted on them, as the Jewish writers assert; for even in after ages, when Vitellius wished to march through Judea, their great men besought him to march another way, as the law of the land did not permit images (such as were on the Roman standard) to be brought into it. Josephus Ant. 1. xviii. c. 7. * shall pitch. # 3,10 1:52 10:14,18,22,25 * the ensign. # Isa 11:10-12 18:3 Zec 9:16 * far off. Heb. over against. # Jos 3:4 * about the. # 1:50,53 Ps 76:11 Isa 12:6 Eze 43:7 1Co 14:33,40 Php 1:27 # Col 2:19 Re 4:2-5 * the standard. # Ge 49:8-10 Jud 1:1,2 1Ch 5:2 * Nahshon. # 1:7 7:12,17 10:14-16 26:19-22 Ru 4:20 1Ch 2:10 Mt 1:4 # Lu 3:32,33 * Naasson. # 1:27 26:22 # 1:8,28,29 7:18,23 10:15 26:23-25 # 1:29 26:25 # 1:9,30,31 7:24,29 10:16 # 1:31 26:26,27 * These shall. # 10:14 * camp of Reuben. # Ge 49:3,4 1Ch 5:1 * Elizur. # 1:5 7:30,35 10:18 # 1:21 26:7 * Shelumiel. # 1:6 7:36,41 10:19 # 1:23 26:14 * Eliasaph. # 1:14 7:42,47 10:20 * Son of Deuel. # 1:25 26:18 * an hundred. # 9,24,31 * they shall. # 10:18 * tabernacle. # 1 1:50-53 3:38 10:17,21 1Co 14:40 Col 2:5 * camp of Ephraim. # 1:32 10:22 Ge 48:5,14-20 De 33:17 Ps 80:1,2 * Elishama. # 1:10 7:48,53 10:22 1Ch 7:26,27 # 1:33 26:37 * Gamaliel. # 1:10 7:54,59 10:23 # 1:35 26:34 * Abidan. # 1:11 7:60,65 10:24 # 1:37 26:41 * an hundred. # 9,16,31 * And. # 10:22 * Ahiezer. # 1:12 7:66,71 10:25 # 1:39 26:43 * Pagiel. # 1:13 7:72,77 * forty. # 1:41 26:47 Reyher, who is followed by Scheuchzer, assigns the following space to the soldiers of each of the tribes, whilst remaining close to each other in their ranks, allowing one square cubit to each; but if we take in the arrangement, not only the soldiers, but the tents, the families, etc., a much larger extent of ground is requisite: Tribe of Judah. Tribe of Manasseh. Breadth 298 3/5 cubits Breadth 161 cubits Length 250 Length 200 ------ ------ Total 74,600 Total 32,200 Tribe of Issachar. Tribe of Simeon. Breadth 217 3/5 cubits Breadth 182 6/13 cubits Length 250 Length 325 ------ ------ Total 54,400 Total 59,300 Tribe of Gad. Tribe of Benjamin. Breadth 140 5/11 cubits Breadth 177 cubits Length 325 Length 200 ------ ------ Total 45,650 Total 35,400 Tribe of Zebulun. Tribe of Dan. Breadth 229 3/4 cubits Breadth 156 3/4 cubits Length 250 Length 400 ------ ------ Total 57,400 Total 62,700 Tribe of Ephraim. Tribe of Asher. Breadth 202 1/2 cubits Breadth 103 3/4 cubits Length 200 Length 400 ------ ------ Total 40,500 Total 41,500 Tribe of Reuben. Tribe of Naphtali. Breadth 143 1/5 cubits Breadth 133 1/2 cubits Length 325 Length 400 ------ ------ Total 46,500 Total 53,400 * the tribe. # 1:42,43 26:48-50 * Ahira. # 1:15 7:78,83 10:27 # 1:42,43 26:50 * an hundred. # 9,16,24 * They. # 10:25 # 9 1:46 11:21 26:51 Ex 12:37 38:26 # 1:47-49 * according. # 1:54 Ex 39:42 Ps 119:6 Lu 1:6 * so they. # 2 10:28 23:9,10,21 24:2,5,6 1 The sons of Aaron. 5 The Levites are given to the priests instead of the first-born; 14 are numbered by their families. 21 The families, number, and charge of the Gershonites; 27 of the Kohathites; 33 of the Merarites. 38 The place and charge of Moses and Aaron. 40 The first-born are freed by the Levites. 44 The overplus are redeemed. * generations. # Ge 2:4 5:1 10:1 Ex 6:16,20 Mt 1:1 * spake. # 1:1 Le 25:1 27:34 # 26:60 Ex 6:23 28:1 1Ch 6:3 24:1 * the priests. # Ex 28:41 40:13,15 Le 8:2,12,30 * whom he consecrated. Heb. whose hand he filled. # Ex 29:1-37 Le 8:1-9:24 Heb 7:28 * Nadab. # 26:61 Le 10:1,2 # 5 The word {hakraiv,} here rendered bring near, is properly a sacrificial word, and signifies the presenting of a sacrifice or offering to the Lord. As an offering, the tribe of Levi was entirely given up to the service of the sanctuary, to be no longer their own, but the Lord's. # 1:49-53 2:17,33 8:6-15,22-26 16:9-11 18:2-6 Ex 32:26-29 # De 33:8,9 Mal 2:4 * keep. # 32 8:26 31:30 1Ch 23:28-32 26:20,22,26 * to do the. # 1:50 8:11,15,24-26 # 4:15,28,33 10:17,21 1Ch 26:20-28 Ezr 8:24-30 Isa 52:11 # 8:19 18:6,7 Eph 4:8,11 * they shall. # 18:7 1Ch 6:32 Eze 44:8 Ac 6:3,4 Ro 12:7 1Ti 4:15,16 * and the stranger. # 38 1:51 16:35,40 18:3 1Sa 6:19 2Sa 6:7 2Ch 26:16-21 Eph 2:19 # Heb 8:4 10:19-22 # 11 When God miraculously destroyed all the first-born of the Egyptians, (Ex 12:29,) he spared those of the Israelites; and, in commemoration of that event, he was pleased to appoint that all the first-born males "should be set apart unto himself." (Ex 13:12-16.) God is here pleased to relinquish this claim, and to appoint the whole tribe of Levi to attend his immediate service in their stead. # 41,45 8:16,18 18:6 * Because. # 8:16,17 18:15 Ex 13:2,12 22:29 34:19 Le 27:26 Eze 44:30 # Lu 2:23 Heb 12:23 * on the day. # Ex 12:29,30 13:15 # 14 # 22,28,34,39,40,43 18:15,16 26:62 Pr 8:17 Jer 2:2 31:3 # Mr 10:14 2Ti 3:15 * word. Heb. mouth. # 39,51 4:27,37,41,45,49 Ge 45:21 De 21:5 # 26:57,58 Ge 46:11 Ex 6:16-19 Jos 21:1-45 1Ch 6:1,2,16-19 * Gershom. # 15:5-23 23:6-23 24:1-26:65 Ne 11:1-12:47 # 21 Ex 6:17-19 1Ch 6:17,20,21 23:7-11 25:4 26:1-32 Ne 12:1-26 # 27 Ex 6:18,20 1Ch 6:18,38 15:5,8-10,17-21 23:12,13,18-20 # 1Ch 25:4 26:1-32 Ne 12:1-26 # 33 Ex 6:19 1Ch 6:19,29,44-47 15:6 23:21-23 24:27-30 25:3 * See ver. # 18 * from a month old. The males of all the other tribes were numbered from twenty years old and upwards; but, had the Levites been numbered in this way, they would not have been nearly equal in number to the first-born of the twelve tribes. Add to this, that as there must have been first-born of all ages in the other tribes, it was necessary that the Levites, who were to be their substitutes, should also be of all ages; and it appears to have been partly on this ground, that the Levites were numbered from a month old and upwards. # 4:38-40 # 1:53 2:17 * Lael. i.e., unto, by, because of God, \\S#3815h\\. # 24 * the charge. From this and the next chapter, we see the very severe labour which the Levites were to perform, while the journeyings of the Israelites lasted. When we consider, that there was not less than 14 tons 266 lbs. of metal employed in the tabernacle, (see note on Ex 38:24,) besides the immense weight of the skins, hangings, cords, boards, and posts, we shall find it was no easy matter to transport this moveable temple from place to place. The Gershonites, who were 7,500 in number had to carry the tent, coverings, vail, hangings of the court, cords, etc. (ver. 25, 26); the Kohathites, who were 8,600, the ark, table, candlestick, altars, and instruments of the sanctuary (ver. 31); and the Merarites, who were 6,200, the boards, bars, sockets, and all matters connected with these belonging to the tabernacle, with the pillars of the court, their sockets, pins, and cords (ver. 36, 37). # 7 4:24-28 7:7 10:17 1Ch 9:14-33 23:32 26:21,22 # 2Ch 31:2,11-18 Ezr 8:28-30 Mr 13:34 Ro 12:6-8 Col 4:17 # 1Ti 1:18 * the tabernacle and. # Ex 25:9 26:1-14 36:8-19 40:19 * and the hanging. # Ex 26:36,37 36:37,38 40:28 * the hangings. # Ex 27:9-16 38:9-16 * the cords. # Ex 35:18 * See on ver. # 19 1Ch 23:12 26:23 * eight thousand. # 4:35,36 * keeping. # 7,31 # 23 1:53 2:10 * Elizaphan. i.e., God is protector; whom God hides, \\S#469h\\. # 34:25 Ex 6:22 Le 10:4 1Ch 15:8 2Ch 29:13 * A Levite of the sons of Kohath. # 3:30 1Ch 15:8 * See Elzaphan. * Prince of Zebulun in the time of Moses. # 34:25 * the ark. # 4:4-16 Ex 25:10-40 31:1-35:29 37:1-24 39:33-42 40:2-16,30 * the altars. # Ex 27:1-8 30:1-10 37:25-29 38:1-7 * and the hanging. # Ex 26:31-33 36:35,36 # 4:16,27 20:25-28 2Ki 25:18 1Ch 9:14-20 26:20-24 * See on ver. # 20 1Ch 6:19 23:21 # 1:21 2:9 2:11 * shall. # 28,29 1:53 * northward. # 2:25 * under the custody and charge. Heb. the office of the charge. the boards. # 4:29-33 7:8 Ex 26:15-29,32,37 27:9-19 35:11,18 36:20-34,36 # Ex 38:17-20 39:33 # 37 * toward. # 23,29,35 1:53 2:3 * keeping. # 10 18:1-5 1Ch 6:48,49 * for the charge. See on ver. # 7,8,10 * and Aaron. The word [ ,] {weäharon,} and "Aaron," has a point over each of its letters, probably designed as a mark of spuriousness. The word is wanting in the Samaritan, Syriac, and Coptic, and also in eight of Dr. Kennicott's and in four of De Rossi's MSS. Moses alone, as Houbigant observes, was commanded to number the Levites, (ver. 5, 11, 40, 44, 51:) for as the money with which the first-born were redeemed was to be paid to Aaron and his sons, (ver. 48,) it was decent that he, whose advantage it was that the number of the first-born should exceed, should not be authorized to take that number himself. twenty and two thousand. This total does not agree with the particulars; for the Gershonites were 7,500, the Kohathites 8,600, and the Merarites 6,200, which make a total of 22,300. Several methods of solving this difficulty have been proposed by learned men. Houbigant supposes there is an error in the enumeration of the Kohathites in ver. 28; the numeral {shesh,} "six," being written instead of {shalosh,} "three," before "hundred." Dr. Kennicott's mode of reconciling the discrepancy, however, is the most simple. He supposes that an error has crept into the number of the Gershonites in ver. 22, where instead of 7,500 we should read 7,200, as [ ,] {caph} final, which stands for 500, might have been easily mistaken for [ ,] resh, 200. (Dr. Kennicott on the Hebrew Text, vol. II. p. 212.) Either of these modes will equally reconcile the difference. # 4:47,48 26:62 Mt 7:14 * See on ver. # 12,15,45 Ex 32:26-29 Ps 87:6 Isa 4:3 Lu 10:20 Php 4:3 # 2Ti 2:19 Heb 12:23 Re 3:5 14:4 # 12,45 8:16 18:15 Ex 24:5,6 32:26-29 Mt 20:28 1Ti 2:6 # 42 # 39 # 44 # 12,40,41 * redeemed. # 18:15 Ex 13:13 * the two hundred. As the number of the Levites was 22,000, and the first-born males of the Israelites were 22,273, there were therefore 372 more of the latter than of the former, which are here ordered to be redeemed. The price of redemption is fixed at five shekels, or about 15s. each, in ver 47. This money, amounting to 1,365 shekels, equal to £204. 15s. English, was taken of the first-born. There is some difficulty, however, in determining which of the first-born should be redeemed by paying this sum, and which should be exchanged for the Levites; for every Israelite, no doubt, would rather have his first-born redeemed by a Levite, than pay five shekels; and yet some of them must have incurred this expense. Rabbi Solomon Jarchi says, to prevent contention, Moses took 22,000 slips of parchment, and wrote on each a son of Levi, and 273 more, on which he wrote five shekels; then putting them in an urn, and shaking them together, he ordered every one of the first-born to draw out a slip. If he drew out one with the first inscription, he said to him, a Levite hath redeemed thee: but if he drew out one of the latter, he said, pay the price. This is pronounced by Dr. A. Clarke to be a stupid, silly tale; but when we know that the determination by lot was used among the Israelites, it does not seem improbable that it was now resorted to, though we cannot vouch for the accuracy of the detail. This species of redeeming men is referred to by St. Peter in his 1st Epistle, ch. 1:18, 19. * which are. # 39-43 * five shekels. # 18:16 Le 27:6 * the shekel. # 50 Ex 30:13 Le 27:25 Eze 45:12 # 48 # 49 # 46,47 Mt 20:28 1Ti 2:5,6 Tit 2:14 Heb 9:12 1Pe 1:18 3:18 * Moses. # 48 16:15 1Sa 12:3,4 Ac 20:33 1Co 9:12 1Pe 5:2 * as the Lord. # Mal 4:4 1 The age at which the Levites were to begin to serve, and the duration of the service. 4 The duty of the Kohathites. 16 The charge of Eleazar. 17 The office of the priests. 21 The duty of the Gershonites; 29 of the Merarites. 34 The number of the Kohathites; 38 of the Gershonites 42 and of the Merarites. # 1 * See on ch. # 3:19,27 * thirty years. # 8:24-26 Ge 41:46 1Ch 23:3,24-27 28:12,13 Lu 3:23 1Ti 3:6 * enter. # 2Ki 11:4-12 2Ch 23:1-11 2Co 10:3,4 Eph 6:10-18 1Ti 1:18 * to do. # 3:7,8 16:9 1Ch 6:48 23:4,5,28-32 1Ti 3:1 # 15,19,24,30 3:30,31 Mr 13:34 * And when. # 2:16,17 10:14 * Aaron shall come. The law prohibiting any person, except the high priest on one day in the year, to enter into the most holy place, must have admitted an exception while the Israelites were in the wilderness: that exception, therefore, is here expressly made; and the directions given respecting it must be religiously observed, or the service could not be safely performed. While the cloud rested on the tabernacle, the general rule was in force; but when it was removed, then the priests might enter to prepare the sacred vessels for removal. # 15 3:27-32 * they shall. # Ex 26:31-33 36:35 40:3 Isa 25:7 Mt 27:51 Heb 9:3 10:20 * and cover. # Ex 25:10-22 37:1-9 2Sa 6:2-9 * badgers' skins. This was not the covering of badgers' skins made for the tabernacle, which was carried by the Gershonites, (ver. 24, 25,) but one made for the purpose of concealing and sheltering the ark when it was to be carried. * a cloth. # 7,8,11-13 Ex 35:19 39:1,41 * and shall put. {Wesamoo baddaiv,} rather, "and adjust the staves thereof;" i.e., dispose them rightly under the covering, that they might be laid on their shoulders: for the staves were never taken out of the rings. * the staves. # Ex 25:13-15 1Ki 8:7,8 * the table. # Ex 25:23-30 37:10-16 Le 24:5-8 * cover withal. or, pour out withal. the continual. The Israelites, without doubt, were able to procure corn enough from the adjacent countries, even when in the wilderness, to make the shewbread, and to present the daily meat offerings. # 6,7,9,11-13 # Ex 25:31-39 37:17-24 Ps 119:105 Re 1:20 2:1 # 6,12 # Ex 30:1-19 37:25-28 39:38 40:5,26,27 # 7,9 3:8 Ex 25:9 31:10 2Ki 25:14,15 1Ch 9:29 2Ch 4:11,16,19,22 The embers of the sacred fire seem to have been removed in the grate, which was carried apart from the brazen altar; both being covered from view by purple cloths. # 6-9,11,12 Ex 27:3-5 39:1,41 Le 6:12,13 * all the vessels thereof. # Ex 38:1-7 2Ch 4:19 * basons. or, bowls. * after that. # 7:9 10:21 De 31:9 Jos 4:10 2Sa 6:13 1Ch 15:2,15 * they shall. # 3:38 Ex 19:12 1Sa 6:19 2Sa 6:6,7 1Ch 13:9,10 Heb 12:18-29 * These things. # 3:30,31 * the office. Eleazar himself, perhaps with the other priests, was required to carry the oil for the light, the incense, and the flour for the daily meat offering, and the holy ointment; besides superintending the Levites. It may be supposed, that he himself carried no more of the oil than for present use. (see ver. 9.) # 3:32 * the oil. # Ex 25:6 27:20,21 Le 24:2 * the sweet. # Ex 30:34-38 37:29 * the daily. # Ex 29:39-41 * the anointing. # Ex 30:23-33 * the oversight. # Lu 4:18 Ac 20:28 1Co 4:1 1Ti 2:5 Heb 3:1,6 1Pe 2:25 5:2 # 17 Eleazar and the priests would be chargeable with the death of the Kohathites, if they failed to give them proper cautions and directions; or permitted them to gaze with irreverence or curiosity upon the holy things, which they might carry, but not see. (ver. 20.) # 16:32 17:10 18:5 Ex 19:21 Le 10:1,2 1Sa 6:19 2Sa 6:6,7 # Jer 38:23 * the most holy. # 4 * they shall. # 15,19 Ex 19:21 Le 10:2 1Sa 6:19 Heb 10:19,20 Re 11:19 * the holy things. {Hakkodesh,} "the holy," or "sanctuary," i.e., the ark, as the Jews generally understand it; and with good reason, as any one may be convinced, who compares 1 Ki 8:8 with 2 Ch 5:9, where that which is called the holy in the former, is called the ark in the latter. # 21 * See on ch. # 3:18,21,24 * thirty years. See on ver. # 3 * to perform the service. Heb. to war the warfare. # 3 Isa 63:1-4 Ro 7:14-24 1Co 9:7 2Co 6:7 10:3-5 Eph 6:10-19 # Ga 5:17,24 1Ti 1:18 2Ti 2:3,4 4:7 * burdens. or, carriage. # 15,19,27,31,32,47,49 * the curtains. See on ch. # 3:25,26 7:5-7 * the covering. # Ex 26:14 * the hangings. # Ex 27:9 * and their cords. # Ex 35:18 * appointment. Heb. mouth. The Levites were under the command of the priests. Eleazar exercised this authority in general, as next in succession to Aaron: and he in particular was placed over the Kohathites; while Ithamar, his younger brother, commanded the Gershonites and Merarites. (ver. 33.) # Lu 1:70 1Co 11:2 # 33 1Co 12:5,6 * See on ch. # 3:33-35 * service. Heb. warfare. See on ver. # 3,23 Ps 110:1-7 1Ti 6:11,12 2Ti 2:4 4:7,8 * the charge. See on ch. # 3:36,37 7:8,9 * the boards. # Ex 26:15 * and by name. An inventory was taken of every particular, even to the very pins belonging to each part, that nothing might be wanting when the tabernacle was set up. * the instruments. # 3:8 7:1 Ex 25:9 38:17,21 1Ch 9:29 * under the hand. # 28 Jos 3:6 Isa 3:6 # 2 # 3,23,30,39,43,47 8:24-26 1Ch 23:3,24,26,27 28:13 # Lu 3:23 1Ti 3:6 In the third chapter we have an account of the whole number of the Levites; and here of those only who were able to serve the Lord in the sanctuary. By comparing the two places, we find the number of the effective and ineffective males to stand thus:-- Kohathites. Effective men . . . . . . . 2,750 Ineffective . . . . . . . . 5,850 ----- Total 8,600 Gershonites. Effective men . . . . . . . 2,630 Ineffective . . . . . . . . 4,870 ----- Total 7,500 Merarites. Effective men . . . . . . . 3,200 Ineffective . . . . . . . . 3,000 ----- Total 6,200 Thus we find that the whole number of the Levites amounted to 22,300; of whom 8,580 were fit for service and 13,720 unfit, being either too old or too young. What an astonishing number of men, all performing some service by which God was glorified, and the congregation at large benefited! # 36 # 37 # 38 # 39 # 3:32 # 22 # 42 # 43 The family of Merari, though smaller than either of the other families of Levi, yet had a greater number of able men than any of them; for out of 6,200 males of a month old and upwards, we find 3,200 who were neither too young nor too old for the service of the sanctuary; which was more than one-half of their whole number. In this the wisdom and providence of God appear most conspicuously; for the Merarites were charged with the heaviest part of the sanctuary, as the boards, bars, sockets, etc; and though waggons were afterwards provided for them, yet the loading and unloading of the sockets, and other things of great weight, would require much strength, both bodily and numerical. (Compare ver. 36, 40, with ch. 3:22, 28, 24.) Thus God ever manifests his wisdom, in fitting men for the work to which they are appointed, whether with respect to number or gifts: "For to one is given, by the Spirit, the word of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge, by the same Spirit; to another faith, by the same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing, by the same Spirit; to another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues: but all these worketh that one and the self-same Spirit, dividing to every man severally as he will." # 3:34 De 33:25 1Co 10:13 12:8-12 2Co 12:9,10 # 29 # 46 * From thirty. # 3,23,30 1Ch 23:3,27 * every one. # 15,24,37 Ro 12:6-8 1Co 12:4-31 # 3:39 Mt 7:14 20:16 22:15 * According to the. # 37,41,45 1:54 2:33 3:51 * every one. # 15,24,31 Isa 11:2-4 42:1-7 49:1-8 Ro 12:4-8 * as the Lord. # 1,21 1 The unclean are removed out of camp. 5 Restitution is to be made in trespass. 11 The trial of jealousy. # 1 * put out of the camp. The camp of Israel being now formed, with the sanctuary of God in the centre, orders were given that the lepers and unclean persons should be excluded from the camp, according to the laws given at different times on these subjects. See the Marginal References.) This expulsion was founded, 1. On a purely physical reason; for the diseases were contagious, and therefore there was a necessity of putting those afflicted with them apart, that the infection might not be communicated. 2. There was also a spiritual reason: the camp was the habitation of God; and therefore, in honour of Him who had thus condescended to dwell with them, nothing impure should be permitted to remain. 3. Further, there was a typical reason; for the camp was the emblem of the church, where nothing that is defiled should enter, and in which nothing that is unholy should be tolerated. # 12:14 Le 13:46 De 24:8,9 2Ki 7:3 * and every. # Le 15:2-27 * and whosoever. # 9:6-10 19:11-16 31:19 Le 21:1 * without. # 1Ki 7:3 1Co 5:7-13 2Co 6:17 2Th 3:6 Tit 3:10 Heb 12:15,16 # 2Jo 1:10,11 Re 21:27 * defile not. # 19:22 Hag 2:13,14 * in the midst. # Le 26:11,12 De 23:14 Ps 68:18 Isa 12:6 2Co 6:16 Re 21:3 # 4 # 5 * When. # Le 5:1-4,17 6:2,3 * and that person. This expression does not merely refer to the actual criminality of the person, but to his consciousness of guilt respecting it: for this case must be distinguished from that of a person detected in dishonesty, which he attempted to conceal. * confess. # Le 5:5 26:40 Jos 7:19 Job 33:27,28 Ps 32:5 Pr 28:13 # 1Jo 1:8-10 * and he shall. Not only confession, but restitution, in every possible case, is necessary in order to obtain forgiveness. * with the principal. # Le 5:15 6:4-7 7:7 Lu 19:8 * have no. # Le 25:25,26 * beside the ram. # Le 6:6,7 7:7 * offering. or, heave offering. # 18:8,9,19 Ex 29:28 Le 6:17,18,26 7:6-14 10:13 22:2,3 # De 18:3,4 Eze 44:29,30 Mal 3:8-10 1Co 9:7-13 * hallowed things. # 1Co 3:21-23 1Pe 2:5,7,9 # 11 # 19,20 Pr 2:16,17 # Le 18:20 20:10 Pr 7:18,19 30:20 {Rooach kinah,} either a supernatural diabolic influence, exciting him to jealousy, or, rather, the passion or affection of jealousy. # 30 Pr 6:34 So 8:6 Zep 3:8 1Co 10:22 * her offering for her. This coarse offering, without oil or frankincense, implied the baseness of the crime of which the woman was suspected, and the mournful state of her family. It was not an atoning sacrifice, but an oblation for a memorial, as solemnly referring the decision to God, and calling upon him either to acquit or punish. # Le 5:11 Ho 3:2 * bringing. # 1Ki 17:18 Eze 29:16 Heb 10:3 * bring her near. or, rather, "bring it near;" i.e., her offering. set her. Rather, "set it," i.e., the offering; for the woman is afterwards ordered to be set before the Lord. (ver. 18.) # Le 1:3 Jer 17:10 Heb 13:4 Re 2:22,23 * holy water. That is, water from the laver; called holy, because separated from common to sacred uses. This is the most ancient account of the trial by ordeal, which obtained so generally among various nations; and it was calculated to fortify the minds of the Israelitish women in the hour of temptation, and to render them watchful against all occasions of exciting suspicion in the breasts of their husbands. # 19:2-9 Ex 30:18 * of the dust. # Job 2:12 Jer 17:13 La 3:29 Joh 8:6,8 * the priest. # Heb 13:4 Re 2:19-23 * uncover. # Le 13:45 1Co 11:15 Heb 4:12,13 * and put. # 15,25,26 * the bitter water. So called from the bitter effects which it had upon the guilty. # 17,22,24 De 29:18 1Sa 15:32 Pr 5:4 Ec 7:26 Isa 38:17 Jer 2:19 # Re 10:9,10 * charge her. # Mt 26:63 * with another. or, being in the power of they husband. Heb. under thy husband. # Ro 7:2 *Gr: # 20 * an oath. # Jos 6:26 1Sa 14:24 Ne 10:29 Mt 26:74 * The Lord make. # Isa 65:15 Jer 29:22 * rot. Heb. fall. # 2Ch 21:15 Pr 10:7 * go into. # 27 Ps 109:18 Pr 1:31 Eze 3:3 * the woman. # De 27:15-26 Job 31:21,22,39,40 Ps 7:4,5 * Amen. # Ps 41:13 72:19 89:52 Joh 3:3,11 5:24,25 6:53 *Gr: * write these. # Ex 17:14 De 31:19 2Ch 34:24 Job 31:35 Jer 51:60-64 # 1Co 16:21,22 Re 20:12 * blot. # Ps 51:1,9 Isa 43:25 44:22 Ac 3:19 # Zec 5:3,4 Mal 3:5 * priest. # 15,18 * wave. # Ex 29:24 Le 8:27 # Le 2:2,9 5:12 6:15 * if she be defiled. # 20 Pr 5:4-11 Ec 7:26 Ro 6:21 2Co 2:16 Heb 10:26-30 2Pe 2:10 * the woman. # De 28:37 Ps 83:9-11 Isa 65:15 Jer 24:9 29:18,22 42:18 # Zec 8:13 * And if. # 19 Mic 7:7-10 2Co 4:17 1Pe 1:7 * and shall. # Ps 113:9 * the law. # Le 7:11 11:46 13:59 14:54-57 15:32,33 * when a wife goeth. # 12,15,19 Isa 5:7,8 * spirit. Heb. ruach. # Ge 41:8 * be guiltless. # Ps 37:6 * bear. # 9:13 Le 20:10,17-20 Eze 18:4 Ro 2:8,9 1 The law of the Nazarite in the days of his separation; 13 and after their completion. 22 The form of blessing the people. # 1 * When. # 5,6 Ex 33:16 Le 20:26 Pr 18:1 Ro 1:1 2Co 6:16 Ga 1:15 # Heb 7:27 * separate themselves. The word {yaphli,} rendered "shall separate themselves," signifies, "the doing of something extraordinary," and is the same word as is used concerning the making a singular vow. (Le 27:2); it seems to convey the idea of a person's acting from extraordinary zeal for God and religion. * to vow. # Le 27:2 Jud 13:5 1Sa 1:28 Am 2:11,12 Lu 1:15 Ac 21:23,24 * to separate themselves. or, to make themselves Nazarites. {Lahazzir,} from {nazar,} to be separate; hence {nazir,} a Nazarite, i.e., a person separated; one peculiarly devoted to the service of God by being separated from all servile employments. The Nazarites were of two kinds: such as were devoted to God by their parents in their infancy, or even sometimes before they were born; and such as devoted themselves. The former were Nazarites for life; and the latter commonly bound themselves to observe the laws of the Nazarites for a limited time. The Nazarites for life were not bound to the same strictness as the others, concerning whom the laws relate. Besides the religious nature of this institution, it seems to have been partly of a civil and prudential use. The sobriety and temperance which the Nazarites were obliged to observe were very conducive to health. Accordingly, they were celebrated for their fair and ruddy complexion; being said to be both whiter than milk and more ruddy than rubies (La 4:7); the sure signs of a sound and healthy constitution. It may here be observed, that when God intended to raise up Samson, by his strength of body, to scourge the enemies of Israel, he ordered, that from his infancy he should drink no wine, but live by the rule of the Nazarites, because that would greatly contribute to make him strong and healthy; intending, after nature had done her utmost to form this extraordinary instrument of his providence, to supply her defect by his own supernatural power. See Jenning's Jewish Antiquities, B. I. c. 8. # Le 10:9 Jud 13:14 Pr 31:4,5 Jer 35:6-8 Am 2:12 Lu 1:15 # Lu 7:33,34 21:34 Eph 5:18 1Th 5:22 1Ti 5:23 * separation. or, Nazariteship. # 5,8,9,12,13,18,19,21 * vine tree. Heb. vine of the wine. # Jud 13:14 * razor. # Jud 13:5 16:17,19 1Sa 1:11 La 4:7,8 1Co 11:10-15 * he shall come. # 19:11-16 Le 19:28 Jer 16:5,6 Eze 24:16-18 Mt 8:21,22 # Lu 9:59,60 2Co 5:16 * unclean. # 9:6 Le 21:1,2,10-12 Eze 44:25 * consecration. Heb. separation. This expression, "the consecration, or separation, of God is on his head," denotes his hair, which was the proof and emblem of his separation, and of his subjection to God through all the peculiarities of his Nazarate. St. Paul probably alludes to this circumstance in 1 Co 11:10 by considering a married woman as a Nazarite for life, i.e., separated from all others, and united to her husband, to whom she is subject. # 2Co 6:17,18 * and he. # 19:14-19 * shave. # 18 Ac 18:18 21:23,24 Php 3:8,9 # Le 1:14 5:7-10 9:1-21 12:6 14:22,23,31 15:14,29 Ro 4:25 # Joh 2:1,2 * offer. # Le 5:8-10 14:30,31 * and shall. # 5 * a trespass. # Le 5:6 14:24 * but the. # Eze 18:24 Mt 3:15 24:13 Joh 8:29-31 Jas 2:10 2Jo 1:8 * lost. Heb. fall. * are fulfilled. # Ac 21:26 * one he. # Le 1:10-13 1Ch 15:26,28,29 * one ewe. # Le 4:2,3,27,32 Mal 1:13,14 1Pe 1:19 * one ram. # Le 3:6 * a basket. # Le 2:4 8:2 9:4 Joh 6:50-59 * anointed. # Ex 29:2 * drink. # 15:5,7,10 Isa 62:9 Joe 1:9,13 2:14 1Co 10:31 11:26 * sin offering. # Le 23:19 * burnt offering. # Le 23:12 * peace offering. # Le 23:19 * meat offering. # Le 23:13 * drink offering. # Le 23:13 * shave the head. The hair, which was permitted to grow for this purpose, was shaven off, as a token that the vow was accomplished. # 5,9 Ac 18:18 21:24,26 * and put it. # Lu 17:10 Eph 1:6 * the sodden. # Le 8:31 1Sa 2:15 * put them. # Ex 29:23-28 Le 7:30 8:27 * the priest shall. # 5:25 Ex 29:27,28 Le 9:21 10:15 23:11 * with the wave. # 18:18 Le 7:31,34 * and after. # Ps 16:10,11 Ec 9:7 Isa 25:6 35:10 53:10-12 Zec 9:15,17 10:7 # Mt 26:29 Mr 14:25 Joh 17:4,5 19:30 2Ti 4:7,8 * the law. See on ch. # 5:29 * beside that. # Ezr 2:69 Ga 6:6 Heb 13:16 # 22 # Ge 14:19,20 24:60 27:27-29 28:3,4 47:7,10 48:20 Le 9:22,23 # De 10:8 21:5 33:1 Jos 8:33 1Ch 23:13 Lu 24:50,51 Ro 1:7 # 1Co 1:3 2Co 13:14 Heb 7:1,7 11:20,21 1Pe 1:2 2Pe 1:2,3 2Jo 1:3 * The Lord. # Ru 2:4 Ps 134:3 1Co 14:16 Eph 6:24 Php 4:23 Re 1:4,5 * keep thee. # Ps 91:11 121:4-7 Isa 27:3 42:6 Joh 17:11 Php 4:7 1Th 5:23 # 1Pe 1:5 Jude 1:24 * The Lord. # Ps 21:6 31:16 67:1 80:1-3,7,19 119:135 Da 9:17 * gracious. # Ge 43:29 Ex 33:19 Mal 1:9 Joh 1:17 * lift up. # Ps 4:6 42:5 89:15 Ac 2:28 * give thee. # Ps 29:11 Isa 26:3,12 57:19 Mic 5:5 Lu 2:14 Joh 14:27 16:33 # Joh 20:21,26 Ac 10:36 Ro 5:1 15:13,33 Eph 2:14-17 6:23 # Php 4:7 2Th 3:16 * put my. # Ex 3:13-15 6:3 34:5-7 De 28:10 2Ch 7:14 Isa 43:7 Jer 14:9 # Da 9:18,19 Mt 28:19 * and I will. # 23:20 Ge 12:2,3 32:26,29 1Ch 4:10 Ps 5:12 67:7 115:12,13 # Eph 1:3 1 The offering of the princes at the dedication of the tabernacle. 10 Their several offerings at the dedication of the altar. 89 God speaks to Moses from the mercy seat. * had fully. # Ex 40:17-19 * anointed it. # Ex 30:23-30 Le 8:10,11 9:1-24 * sanctified them. # Ge 2:3 Ex 13:2 1Ki 8:64 Mt 23:19 * the princes. # 1:4-16 2:1-34 10:1-36 * and were over, etc. Heb. who stood. offered. # Ex 35:27 1Ch 29:6-8 2Ch 35:8 Ezr 2:68,69 Ne 7:70-72 * covered waggons. The Hebrew {egloth tzav,} signifies "tilted wagons;" so LXX. [ ,] with which the Coptic agrees. These were given for the more convenient exporting of the heavier parts of the tabernacle. # 3 # 4 * Take it. # Ex 25:1-11 35:4-10 Ps 16:2,3 Isa 42:1-7 49:1-8 Eph 4:11-13 # Tit 3:8 * give them. i.e. distribute them among the Levites as they need them; giving most to those who have the heaviest burdens to bear. # 6 * Two wagons. # 3:25,26 4:24-28 * sons of Gershon. The Gershonites being fewest in number of able men, had the less burdensome things to carry; for they carried only the curtains, coverings, and hangings, (ch. 4:25, 40.) And although this was a cumbersome carriage, and they needed waggons, yet it was not a heavy one, and they needed few. * four wagons. # 3:36,37 4:28-33 * the sons. Though the Merarites were the most numerous, yet they had the greatest burden, namely, the boards, bars, pillars, and sockets, to carry, (ch. 4:31, 32, 48.) Therefore they had double the number of waggons to what the Gershonites had assigned them. * unto the. Because they had the charge of the ark, table, candlestick, altars, etc. (ch. 4:4-15,) which were to be carried upon their shoulders: for those sacred things must not be drawn by beasts. * because. # 3:31 4:4-16 2Sa 6:6,13 1Ch 15:3,13 23:26 * princes. Every prince, or chief, offered in the behalf, and doubtless at the expense, of his whole tribe. * dedicating. # De 20:5 1Ki 8:63 2Ch 7:5,9 Ezr 6:16,17 Ne 12:27,43 # Ps 30:1 *title Joh 10:22 # 1Co 14:33,40 Col 2:5 # 1:7 2:3 10:14 Ge 49:8,10 Ru 4:20 Mt 1:4 Lu 3:32 * Naasson. * charger. # Ex 25:29 37:16 1Ki 7:43,45 2Ki 25:14,15 Ezr 1:9,10 8:25 # Jer 52:19 Da 5:2 Zec 14:20 Mt 14:8,11 * the shekel. # Ex 30:13 Le 27:3,25 * a meat offering. # Le 2:1 * spoon. # 4:7 Ex 37:16 1Ki 7:50 2Ki 25:14,15 2Ch 4:22 24:14 * incense. # Ex 30:7,8,34-38 35:8 # 25:1-18 28:1-29:40 Le 1:1-17 Isa 53:4,10,11 Mt 20:28 # Joh 17:19 Ro 3:24-26 5:6-11,16-21 8:34 10:4 1Ti 2:6 Tit 2:14 # Heb 2:10 1Pe 1:18,19 2:24 3:18 # Le 4:23,25 * peace. # Le 3:1-17 2Co 5:19-21 * this was the offering. It is worthy of remark, that the different tribes are represented here as bringing their offerings precisely in the same order in which they encamped about the tabernacle, (see ch. 2; 10;) beginning at the East, then proceeding to the South, then to the West, and ending with the North, according to the course of the sun. Their order may be thus viewed: East. 1. Judah: Nahshon. 2. Issachar: Nathaneel. 3. Zebulun: Eliab. South. 4. Reuben: Elizur. 5. Simeon: Shelumiel. 6. Gad: Eliasaph. West. 7. Ephraim: Elishama. 8. Manasseh: Gamaliel. 9. Benjamin: Abidan. North. 10. Dan: Ahiezer. 11. Asher: Pagiel. 12. Naphtali: Ahira. Thus God evinces that he "is not the author of confusion, but of peace." (1 Co. 14:33.) It is also worthy of remark, that every tribe offers the same kind of offering, and in the same quantity, to shew, that as every tribe was equally indebted to God for its support, so each should testify an equal sense of obligation. Besides, the vessels were all sacrificial vessels, and the animals were all clean animals, such as were proper for sacrifices; and therefore everything was intended to point out, that the people were to be a holy people, fully dedicated to God, and that God was to dwell among them. Thus, as the priests, altar, etc. were anointed, and the tabernacle dedicated, so the people, by this offering, became consecrated to God. Therefore every act here was a religious act. # 1:8 2:5 * See on ver. # 12-17 # 20 # Ge 8:20 Ro 12:1 Eph 5:2 # 22 # Le 7:11-13 1Ki 8:63 Pr 7:14 Col 1:1 # 1:9 2:7 # 25 # 26 # Ps 50:8-14 51:16 Isa 1:11 Jer 7:22 Am 5:22 # 28 * the offering. # 2Sa 24:22,23 Isa 32:8 # 1:5 2:10 * offering. # 13-89 * charger. {Käârah,} in Arabic, {kâran,} from {küâra,} to be deep, a large deep dish or bowl. It appears by the metal of which this charger and bowl were made, that they were for the use of the altar of burnt offerings in the outer court; for all the vessels of the sanctuary were of gold. It was probably used for receiving the flesh of the sacrifices upon which the priests feasted, or the fine flour for the meat offerings. * Bowl. {Mizrak,} from {zarak,} to sprinkle, a bowl or bason, used in sprinkling the blood of the sacrifice. (Ex 27:23.) * spoon. {Kaph,} in Syriac, {kaphtho,} a pan or censer, on which the incense was put. Both the metal of which it was made, and that which it contained, shew that it was for the use of the golden altar in the sanctuary. * incense. # Ps 66:15 Mal 1:11 Lu 1:10 Re 8:3 # 33 # 34 * And for a sacrifice. These sacrifices were more numerous than the burnt offering or the sin offering; because the priests, the princes, and as many of the people as they invited, had a share of them, and feasted, with great rejoicing, before the Lord. This custom, as Mr. Shelden observes, seems to have been imitated by the heathen, who dedicated their altars, temples, statues, etc., with much ceremony. # Ac 20:35 # 1:6 2:12 # 13-89 # 38 # Ex 12:5 Joh 1:29 Ac 8:32 1Pe 1:19 Re 5:6 # 40 * the offering. # 2Co 9:5-7 # 1:14 2:14 * Son of Reuel. * offering. # 13-89 * mingled with oil. # Le 2:5 14:10 Heb 1:9 1Jo 2:27 # 44 # Ps 66:15 Isa 53:4 2Co 5:21 # 46 * the offering. # Ex 35:29 * On the seventh. Both Jewish and Christian writers have been surprised that this work of offering went forward on the seventh day (which they suppose to have been a sabbath), as well as on the other days. But, 1. there is no absolute proof that this seventh day of offering was a sabbath. 2. Were it even so, could the people be better employed than in thus consecrating themselves and their services to the Lord? We have already seen that every act was a religious act; and we may rest assured, that no day was too holy for the performance of such acts as are here recorded. Here it may be observed, that Moses has thought fit to set down distinctly, and at full length, the offerings of the princes of each tribe, though, as we have already observed, they were the very same, both in quantity and quality, that an honourable mention might be made of every one apart, and that none might think himself in the least neglected. * Elishama. # 1:10 2:18 # 13-89 # 50 Whether there were any prayers made for the gracious acceptance of the sacrifices which should be hereafter offered on the altar, we are not informed; but the sacrifices themselves were of the nature of supplications, and it is probable, that they who offered them, made humble petitions along with them. # 51 # 52 * the offering. # Ex 35:20-24 # 1:10 2:20 # 13-89 # 56 # 57 # 58 * the offering. # 2Ch 24:8-11 # 1:11 2:22 # 13-89 # Ps 112:2 Isa 66:20 Da 9:27 Ro 15:16 Php 4:18 Heb 13:15 # 63 # 64 * the offering. # Mr 12:41-44 * On the tenth day. When the twelve days of the dedication commenced cannot be easily determined; but the computation of F. Scacchus seems highly probable. He supposes, that the tabernacle being erected the first day of the first month of the second year after the departure from Egypt, seven days were spent in the consecration of it, and the altar, etc.; and that on the eight day, Moses began to consecrate Aaron and his sons, which lasted seven days more. Then, on the fourteenth day of that month, was the feast day of unleavened bread; which God commanded to be observed in the first month (ch. 9), and which lasted till the 22nd. The rest of the month, we may well suppose, was spent in giving, receiving, and delivering the laws contained in the book of Leviticus; after which, on the first day of the second month, Moses began to number the people, according to the command in the beginning of this book; which may be supposed to have lasted three days. On the fourth, the Levites were numbered; on the next day we may suppose they were offered to God, and given to the Priests; and on the sixth, they were expiated and consecrated, as we read in the following chapter. On the seventh day, their several charges were assigned them, (ch. 4;) after which, he supposes the princes began to offer, on the eight day of the second month, for the dedication of the altar, which lasted till the nineteenth day inclusively; and on the twentieth day of this month, they removed from Sinai to the wilderness of Paran. (ch. 10:11, 12.) * Ahiezer. # 1:12 2:25 # 13-89 # 68 # 69 # 70 * the offering. # 2Co 8:1-4 * eleventh day. Dr. Adam Clarke remarks, that the Hebrew form of expression here, and in the 78th verse, has something curious in it; {beyom âshtey âsar yom,} "in the day, the first and tenth day;" {beyom shenim âsar yom,} "in the day, two and tenth day." But this is the idiom of the language; and to an original Hebrew, our almost anomalous words eleventh and twelfth, would appear as strange. * Pagiel. # 1:13 2:27 # 13-89 The oblations and sacrifices enumerated in verses 13 to 88 were simple and plain, though costly and magnificent. On this occasion we find there were offered 12 silver chargers, each weighing 130 shekels; 12 silver bowls, each 70 shekels; 12 golden spoons, each 10 shekels; making the total amount of silver vessels 2,400 shekels, and that of golden vessels, 120 shekels. A silver charger, at 130 shekels, reduced to troy weight, makes 75 oz. 9 dwts. 16 8/31 gr.; and a silver bowl, at 70 shekels, amounts to 40 oz. 12 dwts. 21 21/31 gr. The total weight of the 12 chargers is therefore 905 oz. 16 dwts. 3 3/31 gr.; and that of the 12 bowls, 487 oz. 14 dwts. 20 4/31 gr.; making the total weight of silver vessels 1,393 oz. 10 dwts. 23 7/31 gr. The golden spoons, allowing each to be 5 oz. 16 dwts. 3 3/31 gr., amount to 69 oz. 3 dwts. 13 5/31 gr. Besides these, there were for sacrifice-- Bullocks . . . . . . 12 Rams . . . . . . 12 Lambs . . . . . . 12 Goats . . . . . . 24 Rams . . . . . . 60 He goats . . . . . . 60 Lambs . . . . . . 60 By this we may at once see, that though the place in which they now sojourned was a wilderness as to cities, villages, and regular inhabitants, yet there was plenty of pasturage; else the Israelites could not have furnished these cattle, with all the sacrifices necessary for different occasions, and especially for the passover, which must of itself have required an immense number of lambs, when each family of 600,000 males was obliged to provide one. (ch. 9.) # 74 # 75 # 76 * the offering. # Php 4:17,18 # 1:15 2:29 # 13-89 # 80 # 81 # 82 * the offering. # Ro 11:35,36 * the dedication. See on ver. # 10 1Ch 29:6-8 Ezr 2:68,69 Ne 7:70-72 Isa 60:6-10 Heb 13:10 # Re 21:14 * the princes. J# Jud 5:9 Ne 3:9 * two thousand. # 1Ch 22:14 29:4,7 Ezr 8:25,26 * after the shekel. See on ver. # 13 # 86 # 87 * that it was anointed. # 1,10,84 * to speak. # 12:8 Ex 33:9-11 * him. that is, God. he heard. # 1:1 Ex 25:22 Le 1:1 Heb 4:16 * two cherubims. # Ex 25:18-21 1Sa 4:4 1Ki 6:23 Ps 80:1 1Pe 1:12 1 How the lamps are to be lighted. 5 The consecration of the Levites. 23 The age and time of their service. When this was spoken, says Bp. Patrick, is not certain. If Moses went into the tabernacle immediately after the princes had offered, (ch. 7:89,) it may be thought he then spake these things unto him; but both this and what follows, concerning the Levites, seem rather to have been delivered after the order for giving them to the priests, and appointing their several charges. (ch. 3; 4.) But some other things intervening, which depended upon what had been ordered respecting their camp, and that of the Israelites, Moses omits this until he had stated them, and some other matters which he had received from God. (See ch. 7:11.) # 1 # Ex 25:37 37:18,19,23 40:25 Le 24:1,2 Ps 119:105,130 Isa 8:20 # Mt 5:14 Joh 1:9 2Pe 1:19 Re 1:12,20 2:1 4:5 * as the Lord commanded. # Ps 40:7,8 Joh 8:28,29 Heb 3:1-6 * this work. # Ex 25:31-39 37:17-24 * beaten work. # Ex 25:18 37:7,17,22 * the pattern. # Ex 25:9,40 1Ch 28:11-19 Heb 8:5 9:23 # 5 * cleanse them. # Ex 19:15 2Co 7:1 Jas 4:8 * Sprinkle. # Le 8:6 14:7 Isa 52:15 Eze 36:25 Heb 9:10 * water. # 19:9,10,13,17-19 Ps 51:7 Heb 9:13 * let them shave. Heb. let them cause a razor to pass over, etc. # Le 14:8,9 * wash their. # 19:7,8,10,19 31:20 Ge 35:2 Ex 19:10 Le 15:6,10,11,27 16:28 # Ps 51:2 Jer 4:14 Mt 23:25,26 Jas 4:8 1Pe 3:21 Re 7:14 * a young. # Ex 29:1,3 Le 1:3 8:2 * his meat. # 15:8,9 Le 2:1 * another. # Le 4:3,14 16:3 Isa 53:10 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 * thou shalt bring. # Ex 29:4-37 40:12 * shalt gather the whole. The words, {kol âdath,} which are rendered "the whole assembly," often signify all the elders, or principal persons in the several tribes. (ch. 15:4; 25:7; 35:12.) And they cannot well have any other sense here; for it would be impossible for all the children of Israel to put their hands on the Levites, as stated in the next verse. # Le 8:3 # 3:45 Le 1:4 Ac 6:6 13:2,3 1Ti 4:14 5:22 * offer. Heb. wave. offering. Heb. wave-offering. Not that they were actually waved, but they were presented to God, as the God of heaven, and the Lord of the whole earth, as the wave offerings were; and in calling them wave-offerings, it was intimated to them that they must move to and fro with readiness in the business of their profession. # 6:20 Ex 29:24 Le 7:30 8:27,29 * they may execute. Heb. they may be to execute, etc. # 1:49-53 3:5-43 * Levites. # Ex 29:10 Le 1:4 8:14 16:21 * the one. # 8 6:14,16 Le 5:7,9,10 8:14,18 9:7 14:19,20,22 Heb 10:4-10 * atonement. # Le 1:4 4:20,35 8:34 16:6,11,16-19 Heb 9:22 * offer them. {Wehainaphta othom tenoophath,} literlly, as in ver. 11, "and thou shalt wave them for a wave-offering;" manifestly in allusion to the ancient sacrificial rite of waving the sacrifices before the Lord; and it is probable, that some significant action, analogous to the waving of the sacrifice, was employed on this occasion; for the Levites were considered as an offering to the Lord, to whose service they were wholly dedicated. To this the apostle Paul manifestly alludes, when, in writing to the Romans, he says, (ch. 12:1,) "I beseech you, therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service." # 11,21 18:6 Ro 12:1 15:16 * separate. # 6:2 De 10:8 Ro 1:1 Ga 1:15 Heb 7:26 * and the Levites. # 17 3:45 16:9,10 18:6 Mal 3:17 * go in. # 11 3:23-37 4:3-32 1Ch 23:1-32 25:1-26:32 * and offer. See on ver. # 11,13 3:12 * wholly given. {Nethunim, nethunim,} "given; given;" The word being repeated, "because," says Bp. Patrick, "the children of Israel had devoted them to him, by laying their hands upon them, (ver. 10,) and Aaron had waved them as a wave-offering to the Lord." (ver. 11.) * instead of such. Houbigant, on the authority of the Samaritan, reads, "instead of every first-born of the children of Israel, who openeth the womb." # 3:12,45 * all the. # 3:13 Ex 13:2,12-15 Lu 2:23 * on the day. # Ex 12:29 Ps 78:51 105:36 135:8 Heb 11:28 * I sanctified. # Ex 13:14,15 29:44 Le 27:14,15,26 Eze 20:12 Joh 10:36 17:19 # Heb 10:29 Jas 1:18 * I have taken. # 16:8,9 Mt 1:23-25 Lu 2:23 * I have given. # 3:6-9 18:2-6 1Ch 23:28-32 Eze 44:11-14 * a gift. Heb. given. that there. # 1:53 16:46 18:5 1Sa 6:19 2Ch 26:16-20 # 20 * were purified. See on ver. # 7 19:12,19 * offered. See on ver. # 11-13,15 3:12 * Aaron made. # 12 * after that. # 15 2Ch 30:15-17,27 31:2 35:8-15 * as the Lord. # 5-26 # 23 * from twenty. In ch. 4:3, the Levites are appointed to the service of the tabernacle at the age of 30 years; and in 1 Ch 23:24, they are ordered to commence their work at 20 years of age. In order to reconcile this apparent discrepancy, it is to be observed, 1. At the time of which Moses speaks in ch. 4:3, the Levitical service was exceedingly severe, and consequently required full grown, robust men, to perform it; the age of 30 was therefore appointed as the period for commencing this service, the weightier part of which was probably there intended. 2. In this place God seems to speak of the service in a general way: hence the age of 25 is fixed. 3. In David's time, and afterwards, in the fixed tabernacle and temple, the laboriousness of the service no longer existed, and hence 20 years was the age appointed. # 4:3,23 1Ch 23:3,24-27 28:12,13 * wait upon. Heb. war the warfare of, etc. # 1Co 9:7 2Co 10:4 1Ti 1:18 6:12 2Ti 2:3-5 * cease waiting upon the service thereof. Heb. return from the warfare of the service. # 4:23 2Ti 4:7 The Levites, above fifty years of age, might superintend and assist their junior brethren in the ordinary offices, and give them and the people counsel and instruction; but they were exempted from carrying the tabernacle and from other laborious services. It is remarkable, that no law was made concerning the age at which the priests should begin to officiate, and though various blemishes disqualified them for the service of the sanctuary, yet they continued their ministrations till death, if capable. On the other hand, nothing is said concerning any bodily defects or blemishes disqualifying the Levites; but the time of their service is expressly settled. Their work was far more laborious than that of the priests; it is therefore likely that the priests would not begin very early to officiate; and the wisdom and experience of age would increase, rather than diminish, their fitness for the sacred duties of their office. * to keep. # 1:53 3:32 18:4 31:30 1Ch 23:32 26:20-29 Eze 44:8,11 * and shall. # 1Ti 4:15 1 The passover is again commanded. 6 A second passover for the unclean or absent. 15 The cloud directs the removals and encampments of the Israelites. * A.M. 2514. B.C. 1490. An. Ex. Is. 2. Abib. in the first month. The fourteen first verses of this chapter evidently refer to a time previous to the commencement of this book; but as there is no evidence of a transposition, it is better to conclude with Houbigant, that "it is enough to know, that these books contain an account of things transacted in the days of Moses, though not in their regular or chronological order." * See on ch. # 1:1 Ex 40:2 * keep. # Ex 12:1-20 * his appointed. # 28:16 Ex 12:6,14 Le 23:5 De 16:1,2 Jos 5:10 2Ch 35:1 Ezr 6:19 # Mr 14:12 Lu 22:7 1Co 5:7,8 * the fourteenth. # 2Ch 30:2,15 * at even. Heb. between the two evenings. # Ex 12:6 *marg: # Heb 9:26 * according to all the rites. # 11,12 * See on # Ex 12:7-11 * keep the passover. # Ex 12:1-11 Le 23:5 De 16:1 Jos 5:10 * they kept. # Jos 5:10 * according. # 8:20 29:40 Ge 6:22 7:5 Ex 39:32,42 De 1:3 4:5 Mt 28:20 # Joh 15:14 Ac 26:19 Heb 3:5 11:8 * defiled. # 5:2 6:6,7 19:11,16,18 Le 21:11 Joh 18:28 * they came. # 15:33 27:2,5 Ex 18:15,19,26 Le 24:11 * we may not offer. # 2 Ex 12:27 De 16:2 2Ch 30:17-19 1Co 5:7,8 * Stand. # Ex 14:13 2Ch 20:17 * I will. # 27:5 Ps 25:14 85:8 Pr 3:5,6 Eze 2:7 3:17 Joh 7:17 17:8 # Ac 20:27 1Co 4:4 11:23 Heb 3:5,6 # 9 * be unclean. # 6,7 Ro 15:8-19 16:25,26 1Co 6:9-11 Eph 2:1,2,12,13 3:6-9 * yet he shall keep. # Mt 5:24 1Co 11:28 * fourteenth. # 3 Ex 12:2-14,43-49 2Ch 30:2-15 Joh 19:36 * and eat it. # Ex 12:8 * shall leave. # Ex 12:10 * break any bone. In the East, Belon says, he "met with shepherds who were roasting sheep whole, which they sold to travellers stuck upon sticks of willow tree. The entrails were taken out, and the body again sewed up." # Ex 12:46 Joh 19:36 * according. # 3 Ex 12:43 * forbeareth. # 15:30,31 19:13 Ge 17:14 Ex 12:15 Le 17:4,10,14-16 Heb 2:3 # Heb 6:6 10:26-29 12:25 * because. See on ver. # 2,3,7 * bear his sin. # 5:31 Le 20:20 22:9 Eze 23:49 Heb 9:28 # Ex 12:48,49 Le 19:10 22:25 24:22 25:15 De 29:11 31:12 # Isa 56:3-7 Eph 2:19-22 * on the day. # Ex 40:2,18 * the cloud. # 14:14 Ex 14:19,20,24 33:9,10 40:34 Ne 9:12,19 Ps 78:14 105:39 # Isa 4:5 Eze 10:3,4 1Co 10:1 * at even. # Ex 13:21 40:38 # 18-22 Ex 13:21,22 40:38 De 1:33 Ne 9:12,19 Ps 78:14 105:39 # Isa 4:5,6 1Co 10:1 2Co 5:19 Re 21:3 This cloud not only enlightened the Israelites, but also protected them, and was a continual pledge of God's presence and protection. To this manifestation of the Divine glory, the prophet Isaiah alludes, when he says, (Isa 4:5,) "The Lord will create upon every dwelling place of Mount Zion, and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night." God is the director, protector, and glory of his church. * when the cloud. # 10:11,33,34 Ex 40:36-38 Ps 80:1,2 Isa 49:10 Joh 10:3-5,9 * and in the. # Ex 33:14,15 Ps 32:8 73:24 Joh 10:3,4,9 * and at the. # 20 10:13 Ex 17:1 2Jo 1:6 * as long as. # 1Co 10:1 There is no time lost, while we are waiting God's time. It is as acceptable a piece of submission to the will of God, to sit still contentedly when our lot requires it, as to work for him when we are called to it. * tarried long. Heb. prolonged. kept the. See on ch. # 1:52,53 3:8 Zec 3:7 * few. # Ge 34:30 Job 16:22 Isa 10:19 *marg: * according to. # Ec 1:2 Jer 22:10 Eze 37:25 Zep 1:15,16 Mt 10:40,41 * abode. Heb. was. # Ne 9:12,19 * abode. See on ver. # 17 1:54 8:20 23:21,22 Ex 39:42 40:16,36,37 De 1:6,7 2:3,4 # Ps 32:8 48:14 73:24 77:20 107:7 143:10 Pr 3:5,6 Ac 1:4 * they kept. # 19 Ge 26:5 Jos 22:3 Eze 44:8 Zec 3:7 Some of the Levites may have been appointed to watch the moving of the pillar, and to give timely notice to the camp of its beginning to stir; and this is called "keeping the charge of the Lord." It is uncomfortable staying when God is departed, but very safe and pleasant going, when we see God go before us, and resting where he appoints us to rest. 1 The use of the silver trumpets. 11 The Israelites remove from Sinai to Paran. 14 The order of their march. 29 Hobab is entreated by Moses not to leave them. 33 The blessing of Moses at the removing and resting of the ark. # 1 * two trumpets. The necessity of such instruments will at once appear, when the amazing extent of this army is considered. There were various kinds of trumpets among the ancients, of different forms and materials, as Eustathius shews on Homer, where he mentions six; the second of which was [ ,] turned up round, like a ram's horn; which he says the Egyptians used (from being invented by Osiris) when they assembled the people to their sacrifices. But in opposition to that form, Moses commands these to be made long, in the shape of those used at present. So Josephus informs us, who says they were near a cubit long; the tube of the thickness of a common pipe or flute; the mouth no wider than just to admit blowing into them; and their ends wide like those of a modern trumpet. # 2Ki 12:13 2Ch 5:12 * of a whole piece. # Ex 25:18,31 Eph 4:5 * the calling. # 7 Ps 81:3 89:15 Isa 1:13 Ho 8:1 Joe 1:14 # Jer 4:5 Joe 2:15,16 # 1:4-16 7:2 Ex 18:21 De 1:15 * blow. # 6,7 Isa 58:1 Joe 2:1 * camps. # 2:3-9 * ye blow. A single alarm was a signal for the eastward division to march; two such alarms the signal for the south; and probably three for the west, and four for the North. There appears therefore, a deficiency in the Hebrew Text, which is thus supplied by the LXX.: [ ] "And when ye blow a third alarm, or signal, the camps on the west shall march; and when ye blow a fourth alarm, the camps on the north shall march." This addition, however, is not acknowledged by the Samaritan, nor any other version than the Coptic, nor any MS. yet collated. * the camps. # 2:10-16 * ye shall blow. # 3,4 * sound. # Joe 2:1 # 31:6 Jos 6:4-16 1Ch 15:24 16:6 2Ch 13:12-15 * if ye go. # 31:6 Jos 6:5 2Ch 13:14 * oppresseth. # Jud 2:18 3:27 4:2,3 6:9,34 7:16-21 10:8,12 1Sa 10:18 # Ps 106:42 * then ye shall. # Isa 18:3 58:1 Jer 4:5,19,21 6:1,17 Eze 7:14 33:3-6 Ho 5:8 # Am 3:6 Zep 1:16 1Co 14:8 * remembered. # Ge 8:1 Ps 106:4 136:23 Lu 1:70-74 * in the day. # 29:1 Le 23:24 25:9,10 1Ch 15:24,28 16:42 2Ch 5:12,13 7:6 # 2Ch 29:26,28 Ezr 3:10 Ne 12:35 Ps 81:3 89:15 98:5,6 150:3 # Isa 27:13 55:1-4 Mt 11:28 1Co 15:52 1Th 4:16,18 Re 22:17 * a memorial. # 9 Ex 28:29 30:16 Jos 4:7 Ac 10:4 1Co 11:24-26 * An. Ex. Is 2. Ijar. on. The Israelites had lain encamped in the wilderness of Sinai about eleven months and twenty days (comp. Ex 19:1); and they now received the order of God to decamp, and proceed to the promised land: the Samaritan, therefore, introduces at this place, nearly the words of De 1:6-8: "And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying, Ye have dwelt long enough in this mount; turn, and take your journey, etc." # 1:1 9:1,5,11 Ex 40:2 * the cloud. See on ch. # 9:17-23 * took. # 33:16 Ex 13:20 40:36,37 De 1:19 * out of the. # 1:1 9:1,5 33:15 Ex 19:1,2 * the wilderness. # 12:16 13:3,26 Ge 21:21 De 1:1 33:2 1Sa 25:1 Hab 3:3 # 9:23 * the first place. The following is the order in which this vast company marched: Judah:--Issachar, Zebulun, Gershonites, and Merarites, bearing the tabernacle. Reuben:--Simeon, Gad, Kohathites, with the sanctuary. Ephraim:--Manasseh, Benjamin. Dan:--Asher, Naphtali. Among other things, it should be remarked, that, according to a well-known rule of military tactics, the advanced, and rear-guards, were stronger then the centre. * See # 2:3-9 26:19-27 Ge 49:8 * Nahshon. See on ch. # 1:7 7:12 # 1:8 7:18 # 1:9 7:24 * the tabernacle. # 1:51 Heb 9:11 12:28 2Pe 1:14 * the sons. # 3:25,26,36,37 4:24-33 7:6-8 * the camp. # 2:10-16 26:5-18 * Elizur. # 1:5 7:35 * Simeon. # 1:6 7:36 * Eliasaph. # 1:14 2:14 * son of Reuel. # 7:42 * the Kohathites. # 2:17 3:27-32 4:4-16 7:9 1Ch 15:2,12-15 * the other did. that is, the Gershonites and the Merarites. # 17 1:51 * the camp. # 2:18-24 26:23-41 Ge 48:19 Ps 80:1,2 * Elishama. # 1:10 7:48 * Gamaliel. # 1:10 7:54 * Abidan. # 1:11 7:60 * the camp. # 2:25,28-31 26:42-51 Ge 49:16,17 * the rereward. # De 25:17,18 Jos 6:9 Isa 52:12 58:8 * Ahiezer. # 1:12 7:66 * Pagiel. # 1:13 7:72 * Ahira. # 1:15 7:78 * Thus were. Heb. These. according. # 35,36 2:34 24:4,5 So 6:10 1Co 14:33,40 Col 2:5 # Ex 2:18 * Reuel. # Ex 3:1 18:1,27 * the Lord. # Ge 12:7 13:15 15:18 Ac 7:5 * come. # Jud 1:16 4:11 1Sa 15:6 Ps 34:8 Isa 2:3 Jer 50:5 Zec 8:21-23 # Re 22:17 * for the Lord. # 23:19 Ge 32:12 Ex 3:8 6:7,8 Tit 1:2 Heb 6:18 # Ge 12:1 31:30 Ru 1:15-17 Ps 45:10 Lu 14:26 2Co 5:16 # Heb 11:8,13 * forasmuch. As the Israelites were under the immediate direction of God himself, and were guided by the pillar of cloud and fire, it might be supposed that they had no need of Hobab. But it should be remembered, that the cloud directed only their general journeys, not their particular excursions. Parties took several journeys while the grand army lay still. (ch. 13; 20; 31; 32.) * instead of eyes. # Job 29:15 Ps 32:8 1Co 12:14-21 Ga 6:2 # Jud 1:16 4:11 1Jo 1:3 * the mount. # Ex 3:1 19:3 24:17,18 * the ark. # De 9:9 31:26 Jos 4:7 Jud 20:27 1Sa 4:3 Jer 3:16 Heb 13:20 * went before. # Ex 33:14,15 De 1:33 Jos 3:2-6,11-17 Jer 31:8,9 Eze 20:6 * a resting place. # Ps 95:11 Isa 28:12 66:1 Jer 6:16 Mt 11:28-30 Heb 4:3-11 # Ex 13:21,22 Ne 9:12,19 Ps 105:39 * Rise up, Lord. # Ps 68:1,2 132:8 Isa 51:9 * Return, O Lord. # Ps 90:13-17 * many thousands of Israel. Heb. ten thousand thousands. # Ge 24:60 De 1:10 1 The burning at Taberah quenched by Moses' prayer. 4 The people lust for flesh, and loathe manna. 10 Moses complains of his charge. 16 God promises to divide his burden unto seventy elders, and to give the people flesh for a month. 21 Moses' faith is staggered. 31 Quails are given in wrath at Kibroth-hattaavah. * And when. # 10:33 20:2-5 21:5 Ex 15:23,24 16:2,3,7,9 17:2,3 De 9:22 # La 3:39 1Co 10:10 Jude 1:16 * complained. or, were as it were complainers. it displeased the Lord. Heb. it was evil in the ears of the Lord. # Ge 38:10 2Sa 11:27 *marg: # Jas 5:4 * and the fire. # 16:35 Le 10:2 De 32:22 2Ki 1:12 Job 1:16 Ps 78:21 106:18 # Isa 30:33 33:14 Na 1:5 Mr 9:43-49 Heb 12:29 * the uttermost. # De 25:18 * cried. # 21:7 Ps 78:34,35 Jer 37:3 42:2 Ac 8:24 * prayed. # 14:13-20 Ge 18:23-33 Ex 32:10-14,31,32 34:9 De 9:19,20 # Ps 106:23 Isa 37:4 Jer 15:1 Am 7:2-6 Jas 5:16 1Jo 5:16 * the fire. # 16:45-48 Heb 7:26 1Jo 2:1,2 * was quenched. Heb. sunk. * Taberah. that is, a burning. # De 9:22 * the mixed. # Ex 12:38 Le 24:10,11 Ne 13:3 * fell a lusting. Heb. lusted a lust. the children. # 1Co 15:33 * wept again. Heb. returned and wept. Who shall. # Ps 78:18-20 106:14 Ro 13:14 1Co 10:6 * the fish. # Ex 16:3 Ps 17:14 Php 3:19 * the cucumbers. In Hebrew, {kishshuim,} in Arabic, {kiththa,} Chaldee, {keta,} and Syriac, {kati,} a species of cucumber peculiar to Egypt, smooth, of a longish cylindrical shape, and about a foot long. Prosper Alpinus says that it differs from the common sort by its size, colour, and softness; that its leaves are smaller, whiter, softer, and rounder; its fruit larger, greener, smoother, softer, sweeter, and more easy of digestion than ours. Hasselquist describes it in the same manner; and adds, that it is very little watery, but firm like a melon, sweet and cool to the taste, but not so cold as the watermelon, which is meant by the {avutichim} of the text. # 21:5 2Sa 13:4 * the manna. # Ex 16:14,15,31 1Co 1:23,24 Re 2:17 * colour thereof as the colour of. Heb. eye of it as the eye of. bdellium. # Ge 2:12 * the people. # Ex 16:16-18 Joh 6:27,33-58 * baked it. # Ex 16:23 * taste of it. # Ex 16:31 # Ex 16:13,14 De 32:2 Ps 78:23-25 105:40 * weep throughout. # 14:1,2 16:27 21:5 Ps 106:25 * the anger. # 1 De 32:22 Ps 78:21,59 Isa 5:25 Jer 17:4 * Moses. # 12:3 20:10-13 Ps 106:32,33 139:21 Mr 3:5 10:14 * Wherefore hast thou. The complaint and remonstrance of Moses in these verses serve at once to shew the deeply distressed state of his mind, and the degradation of the minds of the people. # 15 Ex 17:4 De 1:12 Jer 15:10,18 20:7-9,14-18 Mal 3:14 # 2Co 11:28 * wherefore have. # Job 10:2 Ps 130:3 143:2 La 3:22,23,39,40 * Carry them. # Isa 40:11 Eze 34:23 Joh 10:11 * as a nursing. # Isa 49:15,23 Ga 4:19 1Th 2:7 * the land. # Ge 13:15 22:16,17 26:3 50:24 Ex 13:5 # Mt 15:33 Mr 8:4 9:23 # Ex 18:18 De 1:9-12 Ps 89:19 Isa 9:6 Zec 6:13 2Co 2:16 * kill me. # 1Ki 19:4 Job 3:20-22 6:8-10 7:15 Jon 4:3,8,9 Php 1:20-24 # Jas 1:4 * let me not. # Jer 15:18 20:18 Zep 3:15 * my wretchedness. Two of Dr. Kennicott's manuscripts read, "their wretchedness." The Jerusalem Targum has the same, and adds, by way of explanation, "who are thine own people." * seventy. # Ge 46:27 Ex 4:29 24:1,9 Eze 8:11 Lu 10:1,17 * officers. # De 1:15 16:18 31:28 * I will come. # 25 12:5 Ge 11:5 18:21 Ex 19:11,20 34:5 Joh 3:13 * talk with. # 12:8 Ge 17:3,22 18:20-22,33 * I will take. # 27:18 1Sa 10:6 2Ki 2:9,15 Ne 9:20 Isa 44:3 59:20,21 # Joe 2:28 Joh 7:39 Ro 8:9 1Co 2:12 12:4-11 1Th 4:8 1Pe 1:22 # Jude 1:19 * they shall. # Ex 18:22 Ac 6:3,4 * Sanctify. # Ge 35:2 Ex 19:10,15 Jos 7:13 * ye have wept. # 1,4-6 Ex 16:3-7 Jud 21:2 * it was well. See on ver. # 4,5 14:2,3 Ac 7:39 About a year before this, the people had been thus feasted for one day (Ex 16:13); but now such plenty was to be afforded them for a whole month, and they should use it so greedily, that at last they should entirely loathe the food for which they had so inordinately craved. # 19 * whole month. Heb. month of days. # Ex 16:8,13 * and it. # 21:5 Ps 78:27-30 106:15 Pr 27:7 * despised. # 1Sa 2:30 2Sa 12:10 Mal 1:6 Ac 13:41 1Th 4:8 # 1:46 2:32 Ge 12:2 Ex 12:37 38:26 There is certainly a considerable measure of weakness and unbelief manifested in these complaints and questions of Moses; but his conduct appears at the same time so very simple, honest, and affectionate, that we cannot but admire it, while we wonder that he had not stronger confidence in that God, whose stupendous miracles he had so often witnessed in Egypt. # 2Ki 7:2 Mt 15:33 Mr 6:37 8:4 Lu 1:18,34 Joh 6:6,7,9 * Is the Lord's. That is, "Is the power of the Lord diminished?" That power which has been so signally displayed on your behalf, and which is as unchangeable as it is unlimited. # Ge 18:14 Ps 78:41 Isa 50:2 59:1 Mic 2:7 Mt 19:26 Lu 1:37 * thou shalt. # 23:19 2Ki 7:2,17-19 Jer 44:28,29 Eze 12:25 24:14 Mt 24:35 * gathered. See on ver. # 16,26 * came down. # 17 12:5 Ex 34:5 40:38 Ps 99:7 Lu 9:34,35 * took. See on ver. # 17 2Ki 2:15 Jas 1:17 * gave it. From this place, Origen and Theodoret take occasion to compare Moses to a lamp, at which seventy others were lighted, without any diminution of its lustre. * they prophesied. By prophesying here we are to understand, their performing those civil and sacred functions for which they were qualified; exhorting the people to quiet and peaceable submission, and to trust and confidence in the providence of God. # 1Sa 10:5,6,10 19:20-24 Jer 36:5,6 Joe 2:28,29 Ac 2:17,18 # Ac 11:28 21:9-11 1Co 11:4,5 14:1-3,32 2Pe 1:21 * went not out. # Ex 3:11 4:13,14 1Sa 10:22 20:26 Jer 1:6 36:5 # 27 * Joshua. See on # Ex 17:9 * My Lord. # Mr 9:38,39 Lu 9:49,50 Joh 3:26 * Enviest. # 1Co 3:3,21 13:4 Php 2:3 Jas 3:14,15 4:5 5:9 1Pe 2:1 * would. # Ac 26:29 1Co 14:5 Php 1:15-18 * that the. # Mt 9:37,38 Lu 10:2 # 30 * a wind. # Ex 10:13,19 15:10 Ps 135:7 * and brought. # Ex 16:13 Ps 78:26-29 105:40 * quails. That the word {selav} means the quail, we have already had occasion to observe; to which we subjoin the authority of Mr. Maundrell, who visited Naplosa, (the ancient Sichem,) where the Samaritans live. Mr. Maundrell asked their chief priest what sort of animal he took the {selav} to be. He answered, they were a sort of fowls; and, by the description Mr. Maundrell perceived he meant the same kind with our quails. * a day's journey. Heb. the way of a day. and as it were two cubits. That is, as the Vulgate renders, {Volabantque in aëre duobus cubitis altitudine super terram,} "and they flew in the air, at the height of two cubits above the ground." * homers. # Ex 16:36 Eze 45:11 * And while. # Ps 78:30,31 106:14,15 * smote. # 16:49 25:9 De 28:27 * Kibroth-hattaavah. that is, the graves of lust. # 33:16 De 9:22 1Co 10:6 * journeyed. # 33:17 * unto Hazeroth. # 12:16 De 1:1 * abode at. Heb they were in, etc. 1 God rebukes the sedition of Miriam and Aaron. 11 Miriam's leprosy is healed at the prayer of Moses. 14 God commands her to be shut out of the host. 16 The people encamp in the wilderness of Paran. * Miriam. # Mt 10:36 12:48 Joh 7:5 15:20 Ga 4:16 * Ethiopian. or, Cushite. # Ex 2:16,21 * married. Heb. taken. # Ge 24:3,37 26:34,35 27:46 28:6-9 34:14,15 41:45 Ex 34:16 # Le 21:14 * Hath the Lord. # 16:3 Ex 4:30 5:1 7:10 15:20,21 Mic 6:4 * hath he not. # 11:29 Pr 13:10 Ro 12:3,10 Php 2:3,14 1Pe 5:5 * And the. # 11:1 Ge 29:33 2Sa 11:27 2Ki 19:4 Ps 94:7-9 Isa 37:4 # Eze 35:12,13 * very. # Ps 147:6 149:4 Mt 5:5 11:29 21:5 2Co 10:1 1Th 2:7 Jas 3:13 # 1Pe 3:4 * above. # 11:10-15 20:10-12 Ps 106:32,33 2Co 11:5 12:11 Jas 3:2,3 * the Lord. # Ps 76:9 * Come out. # 16:16-21 # 11:25 Ex 34:5 40:38 Ps 99:7 * a prophet. # Ge 20:7 Ex 7:1 Ps 105:15 Mt 23:31,34,37 Lu 20:6 Eph 4:11 # Re 11:3,10 * in a vision. # Ge 15:1 46:2 Job 4:13 33:15 Ps 89:19 Eze 1:1 Da 8:2 # Da 10:8,16,17 Lu 1:11,22 Ac 10:11,17 22:17,18 * a dream. # Ge 31:10,11 1Ki 3:5 Jer 23:28 Da 7:1 Mt 1:20 2:12,13,19 * My servant. # De 18:18 Ps 105:26 Mt 11:9,11 Ac 3:22,23 7:31 * faithful. # 1Co 4:2 1Ti 3:15 Heb 3:2-6 1Pe 2:4,5 * mouth. # 14:14 Ex 33:11 De 34:10 1Ti 6:16 * dark speeches. # Ps 49:4 Eze 17:2 20:49 Mt 13:35 Joh 15:15 1Co 13:12 * similitude. # Ex 24:10,11 33:19,23 34:5-7 De 4:15 Isa 40:18 46:5 Joh 1:18 # Joh 14:7-10 15:24 2Co 3:18 4:4-6 Col 1:15 Heb 1:3 * were ye. # Ex 34:30 Lu 10:16 1Th 4:8 2Pe 2:10 Jude 1:8 # 11:1 Ho 5:15 * the cloud. # Ex 33:7-10 Eze 10:4,5,18,19 Ho 9:12 Mt 25:41 * behold. # De 24:9 * leprous. # Le 13:2,3-46 2Ki 5:27 15:5 2Ch 26:19-21 * I beseech thee. # Ex 12:32 1Sa 2:30 12:19 15:24,25 1Ki 13:6 Jer 42:2 Ac 8:24 # Re 3:9 * lay not. # 2Sa 19:19 24:10 2Ch 16:9 Ps 38:1-5 Pr 30:32 * as one dead. # Ps 88:4,5 Eph 2:1-5 Col 2:13 1Ti 5:6 * of whom. # Job 3:16 Ps 58:8 1Co 15:8 # 14:2,13-20 16:41,46-50 Ex 32:10-14 1Sa 12:23 15:11 Mt 5:44,45 # Lu 6:28 23:34 Ac 7:60 Ro 12:21 Jas 5:15 * spit. # De 25:9 Job 30:10 Isa 50:6 Mt 26:67 Heb 12:9 * let her be. # 5:2,3 Le 13:45,46 14:8 2Ch 26:20,21 * shut out. # De 24:8,9 * and the. # Ge 9:21-23 Ex 20:12 * till Miriam. # La 3:32 Mic 6:4 7:8,9 Hab 3:2 * afterward. # 11:35 33:18 * Hazeroth. The exact situation of this place is unknown. Dr. Shaw computes it to be three days' journey, i.e., thirty miles from Sinai. From this passage, it appears that the wilderness of Paran commenced immediately upon their leaving this station. Calmet observes, that there is a town called Hazor in Arabia Petræa, in all probability the same as Hazerim, the ancient habitation of the Hivites (De 2:23); and likewise, according to all appearances, the Hazeroth, where the Hebrews encamped. * the wilderness. # 10:12 13:3,26 Ge 21:21 1Sa 25:1 Hab 3:3 1 The names of the men who were sent to search the land. 17 Their instructions. 21 Their acts. 26 Their relation. # 1 * Send thou. # 32:8 De 1:22-25 Jos 2:1-24 * of every. # 1:4 34:18 * a ruler. # 11:16 Ex 18:25 De 1:15 The wilderness of Paran, says Dr. Wells, seems to have been taken in a larger, and in a stricter sense. In the larger sense, it seems to have denoted all the desert and mountainous tract, lying between the wilderness of Shur westward, and mount Seir, or the land of Edom, eastward, the land of Canaan northward, and the Red sea southward. And in this sense, it seems to have comprehended the wilderness of Sin, and the wilderness of Sinai, also the adjoining tract wherein lay Kibroth-hattaavah and Hazeroth. In this sense it may be understood in De 1:19, where, by "that great and terrible wilderness," is intended the wilderness of Paran in its largest acceptation; for, in its stricter acceptation, it seems not to have been so great and terrible a wilderness; but is taken to denote more peculiarly that part of Arabia Petræa which lies between mount Sinai and Hazeroth west, and mount Seir east. * See on ch. # 12:16 32:8 De 1:19,23 9:23 * Shammua. i.e., a rumor; renowned; a hearkener. <\\See\\ \\definition 08051\\ from "Strong #8051h">. # 2Sa 5:14 1Ch 14:4 Ne 11:17 12:18 * Zaccur. i.e., mindful. # 1Ch 25:2 * Shaphat. i.e., he judged. # 1Ch 3:22 * Hori. i.e., a worker in linen; freeman of Jah; my freeman. # Ge 36:22 * Caleb. # 30 14:6,24,30,38 26:65 27:15-23 34:19 De 31:7-17 Jos 14:6-15 # Jos 15:13-19 Lu 1:10-15 1Ch 4:15 # 7 * Oshea. # 16 * Jehoshua. # 11:28 27:18-22 Ex 17:9-13 24:13 32:17 De 31:7,8,14,23 34:9 # Jos 1:1-9,16 24:1-33 * Joshua. # 9 # 10 # 11 # 12 # 13 * Nahbi. i.e., hidden; hidden of the Lord. <\\See definition\\ \\05147\\ from "Strong #5147h">. * Vophsi. i.e., my addition; addition of Jah; diminished. \\See definition 02058\\ from "Strong #2058h". # 14 * Geuel. i.e., excellency of God; majesty of God. <\\See\\ \\definition 01345\\ from "Strong #1345h">. * Machi. i.e., my lowness; decrease. <\\See definition 04352\\ from "Strong #4352h">. # 15 * Oshea. # Ho 1:1 Ro 9:25 * Jehoshua. See on ver. # 8 14:6,30 Ex 17:9 Mt 1:21-23 Ac 7:45 Heb 4:8 * Jesus. * southward. # 21,22 Ge 12:9 13:1 Jos 15:3 Jud 1:15 * the mountain. # 14:40 Ge 14:10 De 1:44 Jud 1:9,19 # Ex 3:8 Eze 34:14 * strong holds. <\\See definition 04013\\ from Strong #4013h>. # 32:17,36 Jos 10:20 19:29,35 1Sa 6:18 2Sa 24:7 2Ki 3:19 8:12 # 2Ki 10:2 17:9 18:8 2Ch 17:19 Ps 89:40 108:10 Isa 17:3 25:12 # Isa 34:13 Jer 1:18 4:5 5:17 6:27 8:14 34:7 48:18 La 2:2,5 # Da 11:15,24,39 Ho 10:14 Am 5:9 Mic 5:11 Na 3:12,14 Hab 1:10 * whether it be. # Ne 9:25,35 Eze 34:14 * good courage. # 30,31 De 31:6-8,23 Jos 1:6,9 2:3,22,23 1Ch 22:11 Heb 13:6 * the firstripe. # 23,24 Mic 7:1 * from the wilderness of Zin. The wilderness of Zin, is different from that called Sin. (Ex 16:1.) The latter was near Egypt, but the former was near Kadesh Barnea, not far from the borders of Canaan. It seems to be the valley mentioned by Burckhardt; which, under the names of El Ghor and El Araba, form a continuation of the valley of the Jordan, extending from the Dead sea to the eastern branch of the Red sea. The whole plain presents to the view an appearance of shifting sands, whose surface is broken by innumerable undulations and low hills. A few talk, tamarisk, and rethem trees grow among the sand hills; but the depth of sand precludes all vegetation of herbage. # 20:1 27:14 33:36 34:3,4 De 32:51 Jos 15:1 * Rehob. Rehob was a city, afterwards given to the tribe of Asher, situated near mount Lebanon, at the northern extremity of the Promised Land, on the road which leads to Hamath, and west of Laish or Dan: compare Jud 1:31; 18:28; Jos 19:28. * Hamath. # 2Sa 8:9 Am 6:2 * Ahiman. # Jos 11:21,22 15:13,14 Jud 1:10 * the children. # 33 * Hebron. # Ge 13:18 23:2 Jos 14:13-15 21:13 2Sa 2:1,11 * Zoan. # Ps 78:12,43 Isa 19:11 30:4 * brook. or valley. # 24 32:9 De 1:24,25 Jud 16:4 * brook. or valley. # 23 * Eshcol. that is a cluster of grapes. * forty days. # 14:33,34 Ex 24:18 34:28 * unto the wilderness. # 3 * Kadesh. # 20:1,16 32:8 33:36 De 1:19 Jos 14:6 # 14:8 Ex 3:8,17 13:5 33:3 Le 20:24 De 1:25-33 6:3 11:9 # De 26:9,11-15 27:3 31:20 Jos 5:6 Jer 11:5 32:22 Eze 20:6,15 * strong. # De 1:28 2:10,11,21 3:5 9:1,2 * saw the. # 22,23,33 Jos 11:22 15:14 Jud 1:20 * Amalekites. # 14:43 24:20 Ge 14:7 Ex 17:8-16 Jud 6:3 1Sa 14:48 15:3-9 30:1 # Ps 83:7 * the Hittites. See on # Ge 15:19-21 Ex 3:8,17 # 14:6-9,24 Jos 14:6-8 Ps 27:1,2 60:12 118:10,11 Isa 41:10-16 # Ro 8:31,37 Php 4:13 Heb 11:33 # 32:9 De 1:28 Jos 14:8 Heb 3:19 * brought. # 14:36,37 De 1:28 Mt 23:13 * a land. See on ver. # 28 Eze 36:13 Am 2:9 * men of a great stature. Heb. men of statures. # 2Sa 21:20 *Heb: # 1Ch 20:6 *marg: * saw the giants. # 22 De 1:28 2:10 3:11 9:2 1Sa 17:4-7 2Sa 21:20-22 1Ch 11:23 * and we were. # 1Sa 17:42 Isa 40:22 1 The people murmur at the news. 6 Joshua and Caleb labour to still them. 11 God threatens them. 13 Moses intercedes with God, and obtains pardon. 26 The murmurers are debarred from entering into the land. 36 The men who raised the evil report die by a plague. 40 The people that would invade the land against the will of God are smitten. # 11:1-4 De 1:45 * murmured. # 16:41 Ex 15:24 16:2,3 17:3 De 1:27 Ps 106:24,45 1Co 10:10 # Php 2:14,15 Jude 1:16 * Would. # 28,29 11:15 1Ki 19:4 Job 3:11 7:15,16 Jon 4:3,8 * the Lord. # Ps 78:40 Jer 9:3 * our wives. # 31,32 # De 17:16 28:68 Ne 9:16,17 Lu 17:32 Ac 7:39 Heb 10:38,39 11:15 # 2Pe 2:21,22 # 16:4,22,45 Ge 17:3 Le 9:24 Jos 5:14 7:10 1Ki 18:39 # 1Ch 21:16 Eze 9:8 Da 10:9 Mt 26:39 Re 4:10 5:14 7:11 * Joshua. # 24,30,38 13:6,8,30 * rent their clothes. # Ge 37:29,34 44:13 Jos 7:6 Jud 11:35 2Sa 3:31 2Ki 18:37 # Job 1:20 Joe 2:12,13 Mt 26:65 * an exceeding good land. # 13:27 De 1:25 6:10,11 8:7-9 * delight. # De 10:15 2Sa 15:25,26 22:20 1Ki 10:9 Ps 22:8 147:10,11 # Isa 62:4 Jer 32:41 Zep 3:17 Ro 8:31 * a land which. # 13:27 * Only rebel. # De 9:7,23,24 Isa 1:2 63:10 Da 9:5,9 Php 1:27 * neither. # De 7:18 20:3 * are bread. # 24:8 De 32:42 Ps 14:4 74:14 * defence. Heb. shadow. {Tzillam,} a metaphor highly expressive of protection and support in the sultry eastern countries. (See the Parallel Passages.) The Arabs and Persians use the same word to express the same thing; using the expressions, "May the shadow {zulli} of thy prosperity be extended." "May the shadow of thy prosperity be spread over the heads of thy well-wishers." And in an elegant distich, "May your protection never be removed from my head; may God extend your shadow {zullikem} eternally." The loftiest and most esteemed title of the sultan, says Thornton, because given him by the kings of Persia, is {zil ullah,} shadow of God. # Ps 91:1 121:5 Isa 30:2,3 32:2 Jer 48:45 * the Lord. # Ge 48:21 Ex 33:16 De 7:21 20:1-4 31:6,8 Jos 1:5 Jud 1:22 # 2Ch 13:12 15:2 20:17 32:8 Ps 46:1,2,7,11 Isa 8:9,10 41:10 # Mt 1:23 Ro 8:31 * fear them not. # Isa 41:14 * But all. # Ex 17:4 1Sa 30:6 Mt 23:37 Ac 7:52,59 * And the. # 16:19,42 20:6 Ex 16:7,10 24:16,17 40:34 Le 9:23 * How long will this. # 27 Ex 10:3 16:28 Pr 1:22 Jer 4:14 Ho 8:5 Zec 8:14 # Mt 17:17 * provoke. # 23 De 9:7,8,22,23 Ps 95:8 Heb 3:8,16 * believe me. # De 1:32 Ps 78:22,32,41,42 106:24 Mr 9:19 Joh 10:38 12:37 # Joh 15:24 Heb 3:18 * smite. # 16:46-49 25:9 Ex 5:3 2Sa 24:1,12-15 * will make. See on # Ex 32:10 * And Moses said unto the Lord. From this verse to ver. 19, inclusive, we have the words of the earnest intercession of Moses: they need no explanation; they are full of simplicity and energy. * Then the. # Ex 32:12 De 9:26-28 32:27 Jos 7:8,9 Ps 106:23 Eze 20:9,14 * they have. # Ex 15:14 Jos 2:9,10 5:1 * art seen. # 12:8 Ge 32:30 Ex 33:11 De 5:4 34:10 Joh 1:18 14:9 1Co 13:12 # 1Jo 3:2 * thy cloud. # 9:15-21 10:34 Ex 13:21,22 40:38 Ne 9:12,19 Ps 78:14 105:39 # Jud 6:16 # De 9:28 32:26,27 Jos 7:9 # Mic 3:8 Mt 9:6,8 * long-suffering. See on # Ex 34:6,7 Ps 103:8 145:8 Jon 4:2 Mic 7:18 Na 1:2,3 Ro 3:24-26 # Ro 5:21 Eph 1:7,8 * visiting. # Ex 20:5 34:7 Jer 23:2 * Pardon. # Ex 32:32 34:9 1Ki 8:34 Ps 51:1,2 Eze 20:8,9 Da 9:19 * according. # Isa 55:7 Tit 3:4-7 * and as thou. # Ex 32:10-14 33:17 Ps 78:38 106:7,8,45 Jon 3:10 4:2 Mic 7:18 # Jas 5:15 1Jo 5:14-16 * until now. or, hitherto. * pardoned. # Ps 78:37-43 106:45 Isa 48:9,11 Eph 4:32 * according. # Jas 5:16 1Jo 5:14,15 * as truly. # De 32:40 Isa 49:18 Jer 22:24 Eze 5:11 18:3 33:11,27 Zep 2:9 * all the. # Ps 72:19 Hab 2:14 Mt 6:10 * which have. # 11 De 1:31-35 Ps 95:9-11 106:26 Heb 3:17,18 * tempted. # Ex 17:2 Ps 95:9 106:14 Mal 3:15 Mt 4:7 1Co 10:9 Heb 3:9 * ten times. # Ge 31:7,41 Job 19:3 * Surely they shall not see. Heb. If they see. # 26:64 32:11 De 1:35-45 Ne 9:23 Ps 95:11 106:26 Eze 20:15 # Heb 3:17,18 4:3 * my servant. # 6-9 13:30 26:65 De 1:36 Jos 14:6-14 * another spirit. Caleb had another spirit; not only a bold, generous, courageous, noble, and heroic spirit, but the Spirit and influence of God, which thus raised him above human inquietudes and earthly fears. Therefore he followed God fully; literally, "and he filled after me:" God shewed him the way he was to take and the line of conduct he was to pursue, and he filled up this line, and in all things followed the will of his Maker. * followed me. # 32:11,12 De 6:5 Jos 14:8,9 1Ch 29:9,18 2Ch 25:2 Ps 119:80,145 # Pr 23:26 Ac 11:23 Eph 6:6 Col 3:23 * the Amalekites. # 13:29 * turn you. # 4 De 1:40 Ps 81:11-13 Pr 1:31 # 26 * How long. See on ver. # 11 Ex 16:28 Mt 17:7 Mr 9:19 * I have heard. # Ex 16:12 1Co 10:10 * As truly. See on ver. # 21,23 26:64,65 32:11 De 1:35 Ps 90:8,9 Heb 3:17 * as ye have. # 2 * carcases. # 32,33 1Co 10:5 Heb 3:17 Jude 1:5 * all that were. # 1:45 26:64 * sware. Heb. lifted up my hand. # Ge 14:22 * save Caleb. # 38 26:65 32:12 De 1:36-38 * little ones. # 26:6,64 De 1:39 * ye said. # 3 * know. Their children, by possessing Canaan, knew what a good land their fathers had despised. * the land. # Ge 25:34 Ps 106:24 Pr 1:25,30 Mt 22:5 Ac 13:41 Heb 12:16,17 * See on ver. # 29 1Co 10:5 Heb 3:17 * shall wander in the wilderness. or, feed. This implies, that they should move from place to place in the deserts, as the Bedounin Arabs, who have no certain dwelling, but rove about seeking pasture for their flocks. # 32:13 Jos 14:10 Ps 107:4,40 * forty years. # 33:38 De 1:3 2:14 * bear. # 5:31 Jer 3:1,2 Eze 23:35,45-49 Ho 9:1 * After. # 13:25 2Ch 36:21 * the number. # Ps 95:10 Eze 4:6 Da 9:24 Re 11:3 * shall ye bear. # 18:23 Le 20:19 Ps 38:4 Eze 14:10 * ye shall. # 1Ki 8:56 Ps 77:8 105:42 Jer 18:9,10 La 3:31-33 Heb 4:1 * breach of promise. or, altering of my purpose. {Tenooathi,} rather, my failure, or disannulling, from {noo,} to fail, disannul; for as they had broken their engagements, God was no longer held by his covenant. # De 31:16,17 1Sa 2:30 Zec 11:10 * I will surely. # 23:19 * this evil. # 27-29 26:65 1Co 10:5,11 Heb 3:19 # 13:31-33 * those men. Thus ten of the twelve who searched out the land were struck dead, by the justice of God, on the spot. In commemoration of this event, the Jews, to this day, celebrate a fast, on the seventh day of the month Elul. * died. # 12 16:49 25:9 Jer 28:16,17 29:32 1Co 10:10 Heb 3:17 Jude 1:5 # 26:65 Jos 14:6-10 * mourned greatly. # Ex 33:4 Pr 19:3 Isa 26:16 Mt 8:12 Heb 12:17 * rose up. # De 1:41 Ec 9:3 Mt 7:21-23 26:11,12 Lu 13:25 * for we have sinned. We are sensible of our sin, and repent of it; and are now ready to do as Caleb and Joshua exhorted us. Or, though we have sinned, yet we hope God will make good his promise. * do ye. # 25 2Ch 24:20 * but it shall. # Job 4:9 Jer 2:37 32:5 # De 1:42 Jos 7:8,12 Ps 44:1,2-11 # 25 13:29 Le 26:17 De 28:25 * because. # Jud 16:20 1Ch 28:9 2Ch 15:2 Isa 63:10 Ho 9:12 * they presumed. This miserable people a short time ago, thought that, though Omnipotence was with them, they could not conquer and possess the land! Now they imagine, that though God himself go not with them, yet they shall be sufficient to drive out the inhabitants, and take possession of their country! Man is ever supposing he can do all things, or do nothing: he is therefore sometimes presumptuous, and at other times in despair. # 15:30 De 1:43 * the ark. # 10:33 1Sa 4:3-11 * the Amalekites. See on ver. # 43 Ex 17:16 De 1:44 32:30 Jos 7:5,11,12 * Hormah. # 21:3 Jud 1:17 1 The law of the meat offering, and the drink offering. 14 The stranger is under the same law. 17 The law of the first of the dough for an heave offering. 22 The sacrifice for sins of ignorance. 30 The punishment of presumption. 32 He that violated the sabbath is stoned. 37 The law of fringes. It is very probable, that the transactions recorded in this and the four following chapters took place during the time the Israelites abode in Kadesh (De 1:46.) # 1 # 18 Le 14:34 23:10 25:2 De 7:1,2 12:1,9 * will make. # Ex 29:18,25,41 Le 1:2,3,9,13,17 10:13 * a burnt. # Le 1:1-17 * a sacrifice. # Le 7:16 22:18-23 De 12:11 * performing. Heb. separating. # Le 27:2 * or in a free-will. # Le 22:21,23 De 12:6,17 16:10 * in your. # 28:16-19,27 29:1,2,8,13-40 Le 23:8,12,36 De 16:1-17 * a sweet. # Ge 8:21 Ex 29:18 Mt 3:17 Eph 5:2 Php 4:18 * the herd. Under the term {bakar,} are comprehended the ox, heifer, etc; and under {tzon,} are included sheep and goats. The animals enjoined in the Levitical law are the very same which commanded Abraham to offer. (Ge 15:9.) Hence it is evident, that God delivered to the patriarchs an epitome of that law which was afterwards given in detail to Moses, the essence of which consisted in its sacrifices; and these sacrifices were of clean animals, the most perfect, useful, and healthy of all that are brought under the immediate government of man. Gross feeding and ferocious animals were all excluded, as well as all birds of prey. * a meat. # Ex 29:40 Le 2:1 6:14 7:9,10 23:13 Isa 66:20 Mal 1:11 Ro 15:16 # Heb 13:16 * the fourth. # 28:5-8 Ex 29:40 Le 2:15 14:10 23:13 Jud 9:9 Eze 46:14 # 28:7,14 Jud 9:13 Ps 116:13 So 1:4 Zec 9:17 Mt 26:28,29 # Php 2:17 2Ti 4:6 # 4 28:12-14 # 7 * peace. See on # Le 3:1 7:11-18 * with a. # 28:12,14 * a meat. # 29:6 Le 6:14 7:37 14:10 1Ch 21:23 Ne 10:33 Eze 42:13 # Eze 46:5,7,11,15 Joe 1:9 2:14 * See on ver. # 5 6:15 # 28 # 12 # 13 # 14 * One. # 29 9:14 Ex 12:49 Le 24:22 Ga 3:28 Eph 2:11-22 Col 3:11 * an ordinance. # 10:8 18:8 Ex 12:14,24,43 1Sa 30:25 # 16 # 17 * See on ver. # 2 De 26:1-15 The oblation before prescribed seems to have been a general acknowledgment from the people at large; but this was an oblation from every one that reaped a harvest: who was required, previously to tasting it himself, to offer a portion of dough as a heave-offering to the Lord. This is supposed to have been given to the priests in their several cities, and not carried to the tabernacle. # Jos 5:11,12 * a cake. # 18:12 Ex 23:19 De 26:2-10 Ne 10:37 Pr 3:9,10 Eze 44:30 # Mt 6:33 Ro 11:16 1Co 15:20 Jas 1:18 Re 14:4 * the heave-offering. # Le 2:14 23:20,16,17 # 18:26 Ex 29:28 This law concerning sins of ignorance, being entirely diverse from one before considered, occasions considerable difficulty. (Le ch. 4.) Some explain that law as relating to sins of commission, this to sins of omission: others explain the one of inadvertent violations of the moral law, and the other of the transgressions of the ceremonial law: and some think that related to the whole nation, this to any one tribe; or that to the bulk of the nation, this to the rulers and elders. The Jews say, that the former law referred to such national transgressions through heedlessness, as consisted with the maintenance of the prescribed worship in the main; but that this especially respected the case of the nation, when through inattention, and the example and authority of wicked rulers, they had turned aside and committed idolatry, or conducted their worship directly contrary to law; yet through a culpable ignorance, and not in presumption. This was evidently the case under several of their kings; and the explanation seems well grounded. # Le 4:2,13,14,22,27 5:13,15-17 Ps 19:12 Lu 12:48 # 23 * if ought. See on # Le 4:13 * without. Heb. from the eyes. one young bullock. See on # Le 4:14-21 * with his. # 8-10 * manner. or, ordinance. one kid. # 28:15 Le 4:23 2Ch 29:21-24 Ezr 6:17 8:35 * the priest. See on # Le 4:20,26 Ro 3:25 1Jo 2:2 * forgiven them. # Lu 23:34 Ac 13:39 # 26 * See on # Le 4:27,28 Ac 3:17 17:30 1Ti 1:13 # Le 4:35 * one law. See on ver. # 15 9:14 Le 16:29 17:15 Ro 3:29,30 * sinneth. Heb. doeth. * doeth ought. # 9:13 14:44 Ge 17:14 Ex 21:14 Le 20:3,6,10 De 1:43 17:12 # De 29:19,20 Ps 19:13 Mt 12:32 Heb 10:26,29 2Pe 2:10 * presumptuously. Heb. with an high hand. That is, bold, daring, deliberate acts of transgression against the fullest evidence, and in despite of the Divine authority. Such conduct "reproacheth the Lord," as if his commands were needless, unreasonable, and inimical to the happiness of man; his favour were not desirable, or his wrath not to be feared: in short, as if it were more advantageous to rebel against him than to serve him. Such acts admitted of no atonement: the person was condemned to bear his own iniquity, and to be cut off. * reproacheth. # Ps 69:9 74:18,22 79:12 89:51 Pr 14:31 Isa 37:23,24 * despised. # Le 26:15,43 2Sa 12:9 Ps 119:126 Pr 13:13 Isa 30:12 1Th 4:8 # Heb 10:28,29 * his iniquity. # Le 5:1 Ps 38:4 Isa 53:6 Eze 18:20 1Pe 2:24 2Pe 2:21 * they found a man. This example seems to have been evidently introduced to illustrate the foregoing law. The man despised the word of the Lord, presumptuously broke his commandment, and on this ground was punished with death. # Ex 16:23,27,28 20:8-10 35:2,3 # Joh 8:3-20 # Le 24:12 * The man. # Ex 31:14,15 * stone him. See on # Le 24:14,23 1Ki 21:13 Ac 7:58 Heb 13:11,12 # Jos 7:25 # 37 * fringes in the borders. The word {tzitzith} properly denotes an ornament resembling a flower. From ver. 39, we learn that these were emblematical of the commands of God. That there is any analogy between a fringe and a precept, it would be bold to assert; but when a thing is appointed to represent another, no matter how different, that first object becomes the legitimate representative or sign of the other. # De 22:12 Mt 9:20 23:5 Lu 8:44 * remember. # Ex 13:9 De 6:6-9 11:18-21,28-32 Pr 3:1 * ye seek not. # De 29:19 Job 31:7 Pr 28:26 Ec 11:9 Jer 9:14 Eze 6:9 * go a whoring. # Ex 34:15,16 Ps 73:27 106:39 Ho 2:2 Jas 4:4 * be holy. # Le 11:44,45 19:2 Ro 12:1 Eph 1:4 Col 1:2 1Th 4:7 1Pe 1:15,16 # Le 22:33 25:38 Ps 105:45 Jer 31:31-33 32:37-41 Eze 36:25-27 # Heb 11:16 1Pe 2:9,10 1 The rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. 23 Moses separates the people from the rebels' tents. 31 The earth swallows up Korah, and a fire consumes others. 36 The censers are reserved to holy use. 41 Fourteen thousand and seven hundred are slain by a plague, for murmuring against Moses and Aaron. 46 Aaron by incense stays the plague. * Korah. # 26:9,10 27:3 Ex 6:18,21 Jude 1:11 * sons of Reuben. # Ge 49:3,4 1Ch 5:1,2 * took men. As the word men is not in the text, some read "took counsel;" and some "took courage." Houbigant renders {yikkach, rebellionem fecerunt,} "they rebelled;" which scarcely any rule of criticism can ever justify. Dr. Geddes' translation is, "Another insurrection was raised against Moses by Korah," etc. Others think that it may mean, "behaved with insolence." But, as Dr. A. Clarke observes, the verb {wyyikkach,} "and he took" which though at the end of the sentence in English, is the first word in Hebrew, is not in the plural, but the singular; and hence cannot be applied to the acts of all these chiefs. In every part of the Scripture, where this rebellion is referred to, it is attributed to Korah, therefore the verb here belongs to him; and the whole verse should be translated, "Now Korah, son of Izhar, son of Kohath, son of Levi, he took even Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On, son of Peleth, son of Reuben, and they rose up," etc.; reading, with some MSS., the Samaritan, and Septuagint, {ben,} son, instead of {beney,} sons. * famous. # 26:9 Ge 6:4 1Ch 5:24 12:30 Eze 16:14 23:10 * gathered. # 11 12:1,2 14:1-4 Ps 106:16 Ac 7:39,51 * Ye take too much upon you. Heb. It is much for you. all the. # Ex 19:6 Ezr 9:2 Isa 1:11-16 Jer 7:3-12 Mt 3:9,10 Ro 2:28,29 * the Lord. # 14:14 35:34 Ex 29:45,46 Ps 68:17 # 45 14:5 20:6 Jos 7:6 * the Lord. # Mal 3:18 2Ti 2:19 * who is holy. # 3 Le 21:6-8,12-15 Isa 61:5,6 1Pe 2:5-9 Re 1:6 5:9,10 * will cause. # Ex 28:43 Le 10:3 Ps 65:4 Eze 40:46 44:15,16 Eph 2:13 # Heb 10:19-22 12:14 * even him. # 17:5 Ex 28:1 Le 8:2 1Sa 2:28 Ps 105:26 Joh 15:16 Ac 1:2,24 # Ac 13:2 15:7 22:14 2Ti 2:3,4 # 35-40,46-48 Le 10:1 16:12,13 1Ki 18:21-23 * that the man. See on ver. # 3,5 Eph 1:4 2Th 2:13 1Pe 2:9 * too much. # 3 1Ki 18:17,18 Mt 21:23-27 # 8 * Seemeth it but. # 13 Ge 30:15 1Sa 18:23 2Sa 7:19 Isa 7:13 Eze 34:18 1Co 4:3 * separated. # 1:53 3:41-45 8:14-16 18:2-6 De 10:8 2Ch 35:3 Ne 12:44 # Eze 44:10,11 Ac 13:2 * and seek. # Pr 13:10 Mt 20:21,22 Lu 22:24 Ro 12:10 Php 2:3 3Jo 1:9 * against. # 3 1Sa 8:7 Lu 10:16 Joh 13:20 Ro 13:2 * what is Aaron. # Ex 16:7,8 17:2 Ac 5:4 1Co 3:5 # Pr 29:9 Isa 3:5 1Pe 2:13,14 Jude 1:8 * a small. See on ver. # 9 * out of a. # 11:5 Ex 1:11,22 2:23 * to kill. # 20:3,4 Ex 16:3 17:3 * thou make. # Ex 2:14 Ps 2:2,3 Lu 19:14 Ac 7:25-27,35 * Moreover. # 36:8-10 * See on # Ex 3:8,17 Le 20:24 * put out. Heb. bore out. * very wroth. # 12:3 Ex 32:19 Mt 5:22 Mr 3:5 Eph 4:26 * Respect. # 6,7 Ge 4:4,5 Isa 1:10-15 * I have not. Though Moses was their ruler, under God, yet, so far from oppressing them, he had not imposed the smallest tax, nor taken, as a present, so much as an ass from one of them. The common present that is now made to the great, in these countries, is a horse; but there is reason to believe, that an ass might formerly have answered the same purpose. "If it is a visit of ceremony from a {bashaw,}" says Dr. Russell, "or other person in power, a fine horse, sometimes with furniture, or some such valuable present, is made to him at his departure." As asses were esteemed no dishonourable beasts for the saddle, Sir. J. Chardin, in his MS., supposes, that when Samuel disclaimed having taken the ass of any one, (1 Sa 12:3,) he is to be understood of not having taken any ass for his riding. In the same light, he considers this similar declaration of Moses. His reason is "asses being then esteemed very honourable creatures for riding on, (ch. 22:21, 30. Jud 5:10. 2 Sa 16:2,) as they are at this very time in Persia, being rode with saddles." # 1Sa 12:3,4 Ac 20:33,34 1Co 9:15 2Co 1:12 7:2 12:14-17 # 1Th 2:10 * Be thou. See on ver. # 6,7 * before. # 1Sa 12:3,7 2Ti 2:14 # 1Sa 12:7 # 18 * Korah. # 1,2 * and the glory. # 42 12:5 14:10 Ex 16:7,10 Le 9:6,23 # 20 * Separate. # Ge 19:15-22 Jer 5:16 Ac 2:40 2Co 6:17 Eph 5:6,7 Re 18:4 * that I may. # 45 14:12,15 Ex 32:10 33:5 Ps 73:19 Isa 37:36 Heb 12:28,29 * they fell. # 4,45 14:5 * the God. # 27:16 Job 12:10 Ec 12:7 Isa 57:16 Zec 12:1 Heb 12:9 * one man sin. # Ge 18:23-25,32 Jos 7:1-26 2Sa 24:1,17 Ro 5:18 1Co 13:7 # 23 * See on ver. # 21 It should seem that Dathan and Abiram had set up a spacious tabernacle in the midst of the tents of their families, where they kept court, met in council, and hung out their flag of defiance against Moses; it is here called the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. There, as in the place of rendezvous, Dathan and Abiram stayed, when Korah and his friends went up to the tabernacle of the Lord, waiting the issue of their trial; but here we are told how they had their business done, before that trial was over. God will take what method he pleases in his judgments. # 11:16,17,25,30 * Depart, I pray you. The rebels, with all that belonged to them, were, as an accursed thing, devoted to utter destruction. (Le 27:28, 29. Jos 7:13-15, 23-26.) The people therefore were forbidden to touch anything belonging to them; that they might enter a solemn protest against their wickedness, acknowledge the justice of their punishment, and express their fear of being involved in it. * See on ver. # 21-24 Ge 19:12-14 De 13:17 Isa 52:11 Mt 10:14 Ac 8:20 13:51 # 2Co 6:17 1Ti 5:22 Re 18:4 * and stood. # 2Ki 9:30,31 Job 9:4 40:10,11 Pr 16:18 18:12 Isa 28:14 * Hereby. # Ex 3:12 4:1-9 7:9 De 18:22 Zec 2:9 4:9 Joh 5:36 11:42 14:11 * for I have. {Kee lo millibbee,} "and that not out of my heart." It was not of my own device or contrivance. It was not out of an ambitious desire to be great myself that I took upon me the government, nor out of private affection to my brother, that I appointed him and his family to the priesthood. * of mine. # 24:13 1Ki 18:36 Jer 23:16 Eze 13:17 Joh 5:30 6:38 * the common, etc. Heb. as every man dieth. visited. # Ex 20:5 32:34 Job 35:15 Isa 10:3 Jer 5:9 La 4:22 * the Lord # 1Ki 22:28 2Ch 18:27 * make a new thing. Heb. create a creature; {wëim beriah yivra Yehowah,} "And if Jehovah should create a creation," i.e., do such a thing as was never done before. # Job 31:3 Isa 28:21 43:19 45:7,12 Jer 31:22 * and they. # 33 Ps 55:15 # 26:10,11 27:3 De 11:6 Ps 106:17,18 * the earth. # 30 Ge 4:11 Isa 5:14 Re 12:16 * all the. # 17 26:11 27:3 1Ch 6:22,37 Ps 84:1 85:1 88:1 *titles * into the. # Ps 9:15 55:23 69:15 143:7 Isa 14:9,15 Eze 32:18,30 * they perished. # Jude 1:11 * fled. # Isa 33:3 Zec 14:5 Re 6:15-17 * Lest. # 17:12,13 * And there. # 11:1 26:10 Le 10:2 Ps 106:18 * two hundred. See on ver. # 2,17 # 36 * the censers. See on ver. # 7,18 * hallowed. {Kadashoo,} consecrated, i.e., to the service of God, though in this instance, improperly employed. * See on # Le 27:28 * sinners. # 1Ki 2:23 Pr 1:18 8:36 20:2 Hab 2:10 * a sign. # 40 17:10 26:10 Eze 14:8 1Co 10:11 2Pe 2:6 # 39 * that no. # 3:10,38 18:4-7 Le 22:10 2Ch 26:18-20 Jude 1:11 * come near. # 1Ki 13:1-3 2Ch 26:16-21 * on the morrow. It is not unlikely, that the people persuaded themselves that Moses and Aaron had used some cunning in this business and that the earthquake and fire were artificial; for, had they discerned the hand of God in this punishment, they would scarcely have dared the anger of the Lord in the very face of his justice. And while they thus absurdly imputed this judgement to Moses and Aaron, they impiously called the persons, thus perishing in their rebellion, "the people of the Lord!" * all the. See on ver. # 1-7 14:2 Ps 106:13,23,25-48 Isa 26:11 * Ye have. # 3 2Sa 16:7,8 1Ki 18:17 Jer 37:13,14 38:4 43:3 Am 7:10 Mt 5:11 # Ac 5:28 21:28 2Co 6:8 * when the. # 19 * the glory. # 19 14:10 20:6 Ex 16:7,10 24:16 40:34,35 Le 9:23 # 43 # 44 * Get you up. See on ver. # 21,24,26 * And they. # 22 20:6 1Ch 21:16 Mt 26:39 * from off. # Le 9:24 10:1 16:12,13 Isa 6:6,7 Ro 5:9,10 Heb 7:25-27 9:25,26 # Re 8:3-5 * and put. # Ps 141:2 Mal 1:11 * an atonement. # Ex 30:7-10 Le 16:11-16 1Jo 2:1,2 * there is wrath. # 1:53 8:19 11:33 18:5 Le 10:6 1Ch 27:24 Ps 106:29 * the plague is begun. God now punished them by a secret blast, so as to put the matter beyond dispute; His hand, and His alone, was seen, not only in the plague, but in the manner in which the mortality was arrested. It was necessary that it should be done in this way, that the whole congregation might see that these men who had perished were not "the people of the Lord," and that God, not Moses and Aaron, had destroyed them. * and ran. # Mt 5:44 Ro 12:21 * and behold. # Ps 106:29 * and he put. See on ver. # 46 De 33:10,11 Isa 53:10-12 What the plague was we know not; but it seems from this to have begun at one part of the camp, and to have proceeded regularly onward. # 18,35 25:8-11 2Sa 24:16,17,25 1Ch 21:26,27 1Th 1:10 # 1Ti 2:5,6 Heb 7:24,25 Jas 5:16 Joh 5:14 * fourteen thousand. # 32-35 25:9 1Ch 21:14 Heb 2:1-3 10:28,29 12:25 # 43 1Ch 21:26-30 1 Aaron,s rod, among all the rods of the tribes, only flourishes. 10 It is left for a monument against the rebels. # 1 * a rod. The word {matteh} signifies a staff, or sceptre, which the prince or chief of each tribe bore, and which was the sign of office or royalty among almost all the people of the earth. * all their princes. # 1:5-16 2:3-30 10:14-27 * twelve rods. # Ge 49:10 Ex 4:2,17 Ps 110:2 125:3 Eze 19:14 21:10,13 # Eze 37:16-20 Mic 7:14 # 3:2,3 18:1,7 Ex 6:16,20 # Ex 25:16-22 29:42,43 30:6,36 * Whom I. See on ch. # 16:5 * blossom. # 8 Isa 5:24 11:1 27:6 35:1,2 Ho 14:5 * I will. # 10 Isa 13:11 Eze 16:41 23:27 * they murmur. See on ch. # 16:11 * a rod a-piece, for each prince one. Heb. a rod for one prince, a rod for one prince. See on ver. # 2 # 18:2 Ex 38:21 Ac 7:44 * the rod of Aaron. This fact was so unquestionably miraculous, that no doubt could remain on the minds of the people, or the envious chiefs, of the divine appointment of Aaron: and as there were buds, blossoms, and fruit on the rod at the same time, which was never the case with branches in the natural and ordinary course, this evidently proved the miracle, and took away all suspicion of the fraud which has been impiously suggested, that Moses had taken away Aaron's rod in the night time, and put a living branch of an almond tree in the room of it. A sceptre or staff of office resuming its vegetative life, was considered an absolute impossibility among the ancients; and as they were accustomed to swear by their sceptres, this circumstance was added to confirm the oath. * budded. See on ver. # 5 Ge 40:10 Ps 110:2 132:17,18 So 2:3 Isa 4:2 Eze 17:24 # Eze 19:12,14 Joh 15:1-6 # 9 * Bring Aaron's. # Heb 9:4 * for a token. # 16:38,40 Ex 16:32 De 31:19-26 * rebels. Heb. children of rebellion. # 1Sa 2:12 30:22 Ps 57:4 Isa 1:2 Ho 10:9 Eph 2:2,3 5:6 * and thou. # 5 # 11 * Behold. # 26:11 Ps 90:7 Pr 19:3 Isa 57:16 Heb 12:5 * we die. {Gawanoo,} "we expire:" it signifies not so much to die simply, as to feel an extreme difficulty in breathing, which producing suffocation, ends at last in death. See the folly and extravagance of this sinful people, in thus rebelling against the authority of those whom Jehovah had appointed to be their rulers. * Whosoever. # 1:51-53 18:4-7 * any thing. # Ge 3:3 1Sa 6:19-21 2Sa 6:6-12 1Ch 13:11-13 15:13 Ps 130:3,4 # Ac 5:5,11-14 Eph 2:13 Heb 10:19-22 * consumed. # 16:26 32:13 De 2:16 Job 34:14,15 Ps 90:7 Isa 28:22 1 The charge of the priests and Levites. 8 The priests' portion. 21 The Levites' portion. 25 The heave offering to the priests out of the Levites' portion. * Aaron, Thou. # 17:3,7,13 Heb 4:15 * shall bear. To counterbalance the high honour conferred on Aaron and his family, and to allay the fears and abate the envy of the people, it is here declared, that the priest must bear the blame of everything which was not properly conducted in the sanctuary. # 22 14:34 Ex 28:38 Le 22:9 Isa 53:6,11 Eze 3:18,19 # Ac 20:26,27 Heb 13:17 1Pe 2:24 * joined unto thee. There is a fine paronomasia in the original. Levi is desired from {lawah,} to join, couple, associate; hence Moses says, the Levites {yillawoo,} "shall be joined," or associated, with the priests: they shall conjointly perform the sacred office, but the priests shall be principal, the Levites their associates or assistants. # 4 Ge 29:34 * minister. See on ch. # 3:6-9 8:19,22 * but thou. # 3:10-13 4:15 16:40 17:7 1Ch 16:39,40 2Ch 30:16 Eze 44:15 * only they. See on ch. # 3:25,31,36 4:19,20 16:40 * neither. # 4:15 * a stranger. # 1:51 3:10 1Sa 6:19 2Sa 6:6,7 * And ye. # 8:2 Ex 27:21 30:7-10 Le 24:3 1Ch 9:19,23,33 24:5 1Ti 1:18 # 1Ti 3:15 5:21 6:20 * no wrath. # 8:19 16:46 Jer 23:15 Zec 10:3 * And I. # Ge 6:17 9:9 Ex 14:17 31:6 Isa 48:15 51:12 Eze 34:11,20 * I have. See on ch. # 3:12,45 * given. # 3:9 8:16-19 * Therefore thou. # 5 3:10 * within. # Le 16:2,12-14 Heb 9:3-6 * as a service. # 16:5-7 1Sa 2:28 Joh 3:27 Ro 15:15,16 Eph 3:8 Heb 5:4 * the stranger. # 4 3:38 16:40 * the charge. # 9 Le 6:16,18,20,26 7:6,32-34 10:14,15 De 12:6,11 26:13 * by reason. # Ex 29:21,29 40:13,15 Le 7:35 8:30 21:10 Isa 10:27 Heb 1:9 # 1Jo 2:20,27 * every meat. # Le 2:2,3 10:12,13 * every sin. # Le 4:22,27 6:25,26 10:17 * every trespass. # Le 5:1,6 7:1,7 10:12 14:13 * In the. # Ex 29:31,32 Le 6:16,26,29 7:6 10:13,17 14:13 * every male. # Le 6:18,29 7:6 21:22 * the heave. # 8 Ex 29:27,28 Le 7:14,30-34 * unto thee. # Le 10:14 De 18:3 * every one. # Le 22:2,3,11-13 * best of the oil. Heb. fat. # 29 * the first-fruits. # 15:19-21 Ex 22:29 23:19 34:26 Le 2:14 23:17,20 De 18:4 # De 26:2 Ne 10:35-37 * whatsoever. # Ex 22:29 Jer 24:2 Ho 9:10 Mic 7:1 * every one. # 11 # Le 27:28 Eze 44:29 *marg: * openeth. # 3:13 Ex 13:2,12 22:29 34:20 Le 27:26 * the firstborn. # Ex 13:13 34:20 Le 27:27 * shalt thou redeem. Redemption of the firstborn is one of the rites which are still practised among the Jews. According to Leo of Modena, it is performed in the following manner:--When the child is thirty days old, the father sends for one of the descendants of Aaron: several persons being assembled on the occasion, the father brings a cup, containing several pieces of gold and silver coin. The priest then takes the child into his arms, and addressing himself to the mother, he says, "Is this thy son?" Mother. "Yes." Priest. "Hast thou never had another child, male or female, a miscarriage, or untimely birth?" Mother. "No." Priest. "This being the case, this child, as firstborn, belongs to me." Then turning to the father, he says, "If it be thy desire to have this child, thou must redeem it." Father. "I present thee with this gold and silver for this purpose." Priest. "Thou dost wish, therefore, to redeem this child?" Father. "I do wish so to do." The priest then turning himself to the assembly, says, "Very well: this child, as first-born, is mine; as it is written in Bemidbar, (ch. 18:16,) Thou shalt redeem the first-born of a month old for five shekels; but I shall content myself with this in exchange." He then takes two gold crowns, or thereabouts, and returns the child to his parents. * according. # 3:47 Le 27:2-7 * which is. # Ex 30:13 Le 27:25 Eze 45:12 * the firstling. # De 15:19-22 * thou shalt. See on # Ex 29:16 Le 3:2-5 # Ex 29:26-28 Le 7:31-34 * the heave. # 8,11 15:19-21 31:29,41 Le 7:14 De 12:6 2Ch 31:4 * it is a. # Le 2:13 2Ch 13:5 * Thou shalt have. The principal part of what was offered to God was the portion of the priests; who had no inheritance of land in Israel. The Rabbins say, 24 gifts were given to the priests; all of which are expressed in the law. Eight were only eaten in the sanctuary: 1. The flesh of the sin-offering. (Le 6:25, 26.) 2. The flesh of the trespass-offering. (Le 7:1, 6.) 3. The peace-offering of the congregation. (Le 23:19, 20.) 4. The remainder of the sheaf. ( Le 23:10.) 5. The remnants of the meat-offerings. (Le 6:16.) 6. The two loaves. (Le 23:17.) 7. The shew-bread. (Le 24:9.) 8. The log of oil offered by the leper. (Le 14:10.) Five they ate only at Jerusalem: 1. The breast and shoulder of the peace-offerings. (Le 7:31-34.) 2. The heave-offering of confession. (Le 7:12-14.) 3. The heave-offering of the Nazarite's ram. (Le 6:17-20.) 4. The firstling. (ch. 18:15.) 5. The first-fruits. (18:13.) Five were due to them only in the land of Israel: 1. The heave-offering of first-fruits. (ver. 12.) 2. Of the tithe. (ver. 28.) 3. The cake. (ch. 15:20.) 4. The first of the fleece. (De 18:4.) 5. The field of possession. (ch. 35.) Five were due both within and without the land: 1. The gifts of slain beasts. (De 18:3.) 2. The redemption of the first-born. (ver. 15.) 3. The lamb for a firstling ass. (Ex 4:20.) 4. That taken by violence from a stranger. (ch. 5:8.) 5. All devoted things. One was from the sanctuary, the skins, etc. (Le 7:8.) * no inheritance. # 23,24 26:62 De 10:9 12:12 14:27,29 Jos 14:3 * I am thy part. # De 18:1,2 Jos 13:14,33 14:3 18:7 Ps 16:5 73:26 142:5 La 3:24 # Eze 44:28 1Co 3:21-23 Re 21:3 * the tenth. # 24-26 Le 27:30-32 De 12:17-19 14:22-29 2Ch 31:5,6,12 # Ne 10:37-29 12:44 13:12 * even the service. # 6 3:7,8 1Co 9:13,14 Ga 6:6 * come nigh. # 7 1:52 3:10,38 * bear sin. # Le 20:20 22:9 * and die. Heb. to die. * do the service. See on ch. # 3:7 * among. See on ver. # 20 # Mal 3:8-10 # 25 * then ye shall. See on ver. # 19 * a tenth part. # Ne 10:38 * as though. # Le 6:19-23 * the corn. # 30 15:20 De 15:14 2Ki 6:27 Ho 9:1,2 * and ye shall. # Ge 14:18 Heb 6:20 7:1-10 * best. Heb. fat. # 12 * the best. # 28 Ge 43:11 De 6:5 Pr 3:9,10 Mal 1:8 Mt 6:33 10:37-39 # Php 3:8,9 * then it shall. # 27 * in every. # De 14:22,23 * your reward. # Mt 10:10 Lu 10:7 1Co 9:10-14 2Co 12:13 Ga 6:6 1Ti 5:17,18 * bear. # 22 Le 19:8 * pollute. # Le 22:2,15 Mal 1:7 1Co 11:27,29 1 The water of separation made of the ashes of a red heifer. 11 The law for the use of it in purification of the unclean. # 1 * the ordinance. # 31:21 Heb 9:10 * a red heifer. The following curious particulars have been remarked in this ordinance: 1. A heifer was appointed for sacrifice, in opposition to the Egyptian superstition, which held these sacred, and worshipped their goddess Isis under this form; and this appears the more likely, because males only were chosen for sacrifice. So Herodotus says, they sacrifice males, both old and young; but it is not lawful for them to offer females. 2. It was to be a red heifer, because the Egyptians sacrificed red bulls to the evil demon Typhon. 3. It was to be without spot, having no mixture of any other colour. Plutarch says, the Egyptians "sacrifice red bulls, and select them with such scrupulous attention, that if the animal has a single black or white hair, they reckon it [ ,] unfit to be sacrificed." 4. Without blemish. (See note on Le 22:21.) 5. On which never came yoke: because an animal which had been used for a common purpose was deemed improper for sacrifice. # 6 Le 14:6 Isa 1:18 Re 1:5 * no blemish. See on # Ex 12:5 Le 22:20-25 Mal 1:13,14 Lu 1:35 Heb 7:26 1Pe 1:19 # 1Pe 2:22 * upon which. # De 21:3 1Sa 6:7 La 1:14 Joh 10:17,18 Php 2:6-8 * without the camp. # 5:2 15:36 Le 4:12,21 13:45,46 16:27 24:14 Heb 13:11-13 * sprinkle. # Le 4:6,17 16:14,19 Heb 9:13,14 12:24 1Pe 1:2 # Ex 29:14 Le 4:11,12,21 Ps 22:14 Isa 53:10 # Le 14:4,6,49 Ps 51:7 Isa 1:18 Heb 9:19-23 # 8,19 Le 11:25,40 14:8,9 15:5 16:26-28 # 8 * clean. # 18 9:13 2Co 5:21 Heb 7:26 9:13 * lay them up. # 17 * a water of separation. That is, water prepared by being mixed with the ashes of the heifer, and set apart for the special purpose of being sprinkled on those who had contracted any legal defilement. To this rite the apostle Paul, in his epistle to the Hebrews. (ch. 9:13, 14,) pointedly alludes: "For if," says he, "the blood of bulls and of goats," alluding, probably, to the sin-offerings and the scape-goat, "and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh; how much more shall the blood of Christ, who, through the eternal Spirit, offered himself without spot unto God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God." # 13,20,21 6:12 31:23,24 Le 15:20 Zec 13:1 2Co 7:1 * wash his. See on ver. # 7,8,19 * it shall be. # 15:15,16 Ex 12:49 Ro 3:29,30 Col 3:11 * toucheth the dead. He who touched a dead beast was only unclean for one day, (Le 11:12, 27, 39;) but he who touches a dead man is unclean for seven days. This was certainly designed to show the peculiar impurity and sinfulness of man, and the hatefulness of sin, seven times worse than the vilest animal! # 16 5:2 9:6,10 31:19 Le 11:31 21:1,11 La 4:14 Hag 2:13 # Ro 5:12 2Co 6:17 Eph 2:1 Heb 9:14 * man. Heb. soul of man. * He shall purify. "Yithchatta," literally, "he shall sin himself," i.e., not add sin, but take it away, purify. So we say to fleece, and to skin, which do not signify to add a fleece, or a skin, but to take one away. # 17,18 Ps 51:7 Eze 36:25 Ac 15:9 Re 7:14 * third day. # 31:19 Ex 19:11,15 Le 7:17 Ho 6:2 1Co 15:3,4 * purifieth. # 15:30 Le 5:3,6,17 15:31 Heb 2:2,3 10:29 Re 21:8 22:11,15 * the water. # 9,18 8:7 * his uncleanness. # Le 7:20 22:3 Pr 14:32 Joh 8:24 # 14 # 31:20 Le 11:32 14:36 * toucheth. # 11 31:19 * a bone. # Eze 39:11-16 * a grave. # Mt 23:27 Lu 11:44 * ashes. Heb. dust. # 9 * running water shall be put thereto. Heb. living waters shall be given. # Ge 26:19 *marg: # So 4:15 Joh 4:10,11 7:38 Re 7:17 # 9 Ps 51:7 Eze 36:25-27 Joh 15:2,3 17:17,19 1Co 1:30 Heb 9:14 * shall sprinkle. # Eph 5:25-27 Tit 2:14 3:3-5 1Jo 1:7 2:1,2 Jude 1:23 Re 1:5,6 * on the seventh day he. # 12 31:19 Ge 2:2 Le 14:9 * shall not. See on ver. # 13 15:30 Ge 17:14 Mr 16:16 Ac 13:39-41 Ro 2:4,5 2Pe 3:14 # Re 22:11 # Le 11:25,40 16:26-28 Heb 7:19 9:10,13,14 10:4 * whatsoever. # Le 7:19 Hag 2:13 * the soul. # Le 15:5 Mt 15:19,20 Mr 7:21-23 1 The children of Israel come to Zin, where Miriam dies. 2 They murmur for want of water. 7 Moses smiting the rock, brings forth water at Meribah. 14 Moses at Kadesh desires passage through Edom, which is denied him. 22 At mount Hor Aaron resigns his place to Eleazar, and dies. * An. Ex. Is. 40. Then. This was the first month of the fortieth year after the departure from Egypt. (Compare ch. 33:38, with ver. 28 of this chap. and De 1:3.) This year was the last of their journeyings, for from the going out of the spies (ch. 13) unto this time, was about thirty-eight years. # De 1:22,23 2:14 * into. # 13:21 27:14 33:36 De 32:51 * Kadesh. This Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin, is different from Kadesh-barnea, lying in, or adjoining to the wilderness of Paran, about eight leagues south of Hebron. (See ch. 34:3, 4. Jos 15:1, 3.) Kadesh is called Rekam, by the Targumists, Rekem, in the Syriac, and Rakim, in Arabic. Rekem, says Rabbi Nissin, (in Gittin, ch. 1.) is on the east, meaning of the land of Israel. # 16 Ps 29:8 * Miriam. # 12:1,10,15 26:59 Ex 2:4,7 15:20 Mic 6:4 * no. # Ex 15:23,24 17:1-4 * gathered. # 11:1-6 16:3,19,42 21:5 Ex 16:2,7,12 1Co 10:10,11 * God. # 14:1,2 Ex 16:2,3 17:2 Job 3:10,11 * when. # 11:1,33,34 14:36,37 16:31-35,49 La 4:9 * why. # 11:5 Ex 5:21 17:3 Ps 106:21 Ac 7:35,39,40 * that we. # 16:13,14,41 Ex 14:11,12 16:3 * this evil. # 16:14 De 8:15 Ne 9:21 Jer 2:2,6 Eze 20:36 * no place of. i.e., "no place for sowing." * they fell. # 14:5 16:4,22,45 Ex 17:4 Jos 7:6 1Ch 21:16 Ps 109:3,4 # Mt 26:39 * the glory. # 12:5 14:10 16:19,42 Ex 16:10 # 7 * the rod. # 21:15,18 Ex 4:2,17 7:20 14:16 17:5,9 * speak. # Ge 18:14 Jos 6:5,20 Ps 33:9 Mt 21:21 Mr 11:22-24 Lu 11:13 # Joh 4:10-14 16:24 Ac 1:14 2:1-4 Re 22:1,17 * bring forth. # 11 Ne 9:15 Ps 78:15,16 105:41 114:8 Isa 41:17,18 43:20 # Isa 48:21 # 17:10 # De 9:24 Ps 106:32,33 Mt 5:22 Lu 9:54,55 Ac 23:3-5 Eph 4:26 # Jas 3:2 * we fetch. # 11:22,23 Ge 40:8 41:16 Da 2:28-30 Ac 3:12-16 14:9-15 # Ro 15:17-19 1Co 3:7 * smote. # 8 Le 10:1 1Sa 15:13,14,19,24 1Ki 13:21-24 1Ch 13:9,10 # 1Ch 15:2,13 Mt 28:20 Jas 1:20 * the water. # Ex 17:6 De 8:15 Ho 13:5 1Co 10:4 * Because ye believed. # 11:21,22 2Ch 20:20 Isa 7:9 Mt 17:17,20 Lu 1:20,45 Ro 4:20 * sanctify. # 27:14 Le 10:3 De 1:37 32:51 Isa 8:13 Eze 20:41 36:23 38:10 # 1Pe 3:15 * ye shall. # 24 11:15 De 3:23-26 32:49,50 34:4 Jos 1:2 Joh 1:17 * the water. # De 33:8 Ps 95:8 106:32-48 * Meribah. i.e., Strife. # Ex 17:7 De 32:51 * Meribah-Kadesh. he was. # Isa 5:16 Eze 20:41 36:23 38:16 * Moses. # Jud 11:16,17 * thy brother. # Ge 32:3,4 De 2:4-25 23:7 Ob 1:10-12 Mal 1:2 * befallen us. Heb. found us. # Ex 18:8 * our fathers. # Ge 46:6 Ac 7:15 * dwelt. # Ge 15:13 Ex 12:40 * vexed us. # 11:5 16:13 Ex 1:11-14,16,22 5:14 De 26:6 Ac 7:19 * we cried. # Ex 2:23,24 3:7-9 6:5 14:10 * sent an. # Ex 3:2-6 14:19 23:20 33:2 # 21:1,22-24 De 2:1-4,27,29 # 18 # De 2:6,28 * Thou shalt. # 18 Ge 27:41 32:6 Jud 11:17,20 Ps 120:7 Eze 35:5-11 # Am 1:11 * And Edom. # Ob 1:10-15 * refused. # De 2:27,29 * wherefore. # De 2:4-8 23:7 Jud 11:18,24 * Kadesh. # 1,14,16 13:26 33:36,37 Eze 47:19 48:28 * mount Hor. Mount Hor was situated in Arabia Petræa, on the confines of Edom. It is described by Burckhardt, as being situated on the western side of a valley called Wady Mousa; in which are found the ruins of the ancient Petra, and which is two long days' journey north-east of Accaba (on the northern point of the Elanitic gulf of the Red sea,) in the Djebel Shera, or mount Seir, and on the east side of the Araba, the valley which forms the continuation of that of the Jordan. On the summit of the mountain is the tomb of Haroun, or Aaron, which is held in great veneration by the Arabs; which agrees with the testimonies of Josephus, Eusebius, and Jerome, all persons well acquainted with these countries, who agree in proving that the sepulchre of Aaron, in mount Hor, was near Petra. When visited by Mr. Legh, it was attended by a crippled Arab hermit, about 80 years of age, who conducted them into a small white building, crowned by a cupola, that contains the tomb of Aaron. The monument is of stone, about three feet high; and round the chamber where it stood were suspended beads, etc., the votive offerings of the devotees. # 21:4 33:37,38 34:7 # 23 * gathered. # 27:13 31:2 Ge 15:15 25:8,17 35:29 49:29,33 De 32:50 Jud 2:10 # 2Ch 34:28 * because ye. See on ver. # 11,12 * word. Heb. mouth. # 4:27 *marg: # De 32:50 # 33:38,39 # Ex 29:29,30 Isa 22:21,22 Heb 7:11,23,24 # 27 * Moses. # 26 33:38-49 Ex 29:29,30 * put them. # 27:16-23 De 31:7,8 34:9 1Ch 22:11,12,17 28:5-9 Ac 20:25-29 # 2Pe 1:15 * died there. # 33:38,39 De 10:6 32:49,50 34:5 Heb 7:24,25 # Ge 1:10 De 34:8 2Ch 35:24,25 Ac 8:2 1 Israel destroys the Canaanites at Hormah. 4 The people murmuring are plagued with fiery serpents. 7 They repenting are healed by a brazen serpent. 10 Sundry journeys of the Israelites. 21 Sihon is overcome, 33 and Og. * Arad. # 33:40 Jos 12:14 Jud 1:16 * the way of the spies. Dr. Kennicott remarks, that the word {atharim,} rendered spies in our version, is in the Greek a proper name ([ ,] Atharim). # 13:21,22 14:45 * then. # De 2:32 Jos 7:5 11:19,20 Ps 44:3,4 * vowed. # Ge 28:20 Jud 11:30 1Sa 1:11 2Sa 15:7,8 Ps 56:12,13 116:18 # Ps 132:2 * I will. # Le 27:28,29 De 13:15 Jos 6:17,26 1Co 16:22 * hearkened. # Ps 10:17 91:15 102:17 * and they utterly. {Wyyacharem,} rather with the LXX. [ ,] "and they anathematised, or devoted them to destruction;" for it is certain that these Canaanites and Arad were not utterly destroyed till the time of Joshua. (Jos 12:14.) * the name. # 14:45 De 1:44 1Sa 30:30 {Hormah,} that is, utter destruction. {Chormah,} rather a devoting to destruction: so LXX. [ ,] and Tremellius, {devotio sive anathema.} * mount Hor. # 20:22,23,27 33:41 * by the way. # 14:25 De 1:40 * compass. # 20:18-21 De 2:5-8 Jud 11:18 * the soul. # 32:7,9 Ex 6:9 Ac 14:22 1Th 3:3,4 * discouraged. or, grieved. Heb. shortened. # Ex 6:9 * spake. # 11:1-6 14:1-4 16:13,14,41 17:12 Ex 14:11 15:24 16:2,3,7,8 # Ex 17:2,3 Ps 68:6 78:19 * and our soul. # 11:6-9 Ex 16:15,31 Ps 78:24,25 Pr 27:7 # Ge 3:14,15 De 8:15 Isa 14:29 30:6 Jer 8:17 Am 9:3,4 1Co 10:9 * We have. # Ex 9:27,28 1Sa 12:19 15:24,30 Ps 78:34 Mt 27:4 * pray. # Ex 8:8,28 1Ki 13:6 Jer 37:3 Ac 8:24 Jas 5:16 * And Moses. # 11:2 14:17-20 Ge 20:7 Ex 32:11,30 De 9:20,26-29 # 1Sa 12:20-23 Job 42:8,10 Ps 106:23 Jer 15:1 Ro 10:1 # Ps 106:43-45 145:8 * A serpent of. # 2Ki 18:4 Joh 3:14,15 12:32 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 * when he. # Isa 45:22 Zec 12:10 Joh 1:29 Heb 12:2 1Jo 3:8 * he lived. # Joh 6:40 Ro 1:17 5:20,21 # 33:43-45 * Oboth. Probably Oboda, a city of Arabia Petræa, mentioned by Ptolemy. Pliny assigns it to the Helmodians; but Stephanus to the Nabatheans. * Ije-abarim. or, heaps of Abarim. # 11 * the valley of Zared. # De 2:13,14 * the brook Zered. # 14 22:36 De 2:24 Jud 11:18 Isa 16:2 Jer 48:20 * in the book. # Jos 10:13 2Sa 1:18 * What he did. or, Vaheb in Suphah. The following seems to be the sense of this passage: "From Vaheb in Suphah, and the torrents of Arnon, even the effusion of the torrents, which goeth down to the dwelling of Ar, and lieth for the boundary of Moab; even from thence to the well; (which is the well of which Jehovah spake unto Moses, Gather the people, and I will give them water. Then sang Israel this song: Spring up, O Well! Answer ye to it. The well, princes digged it; even nobles of the people digged it, by a decree, upon their borders;) and from the wilderness (or the well, as in LXX.) to Mattanah; and from Mattanah," etc. The whole of this, from ver. 14-20, is a fragment from "the book of the wars of Jehovah," probably a book of remembrances or directions written by Moses for the use of Joshua, and describes the several boundaries of the land of Moab. This rendering removes every obscurity, and obviates every difficulty. * Ar. # 28 De 2:9,18,29 Isa 15:1 * lieth. Heb. leaneth. * Beer. # Jud 9:21 * Gather. # 20:8 Ex 17:6 Isa 12:3 41:17,18 43:20 49:10 Joh 4:10,14 # Joh 7:37-39 Re 21:6 22:1,17 * sang. # Ex 15:1,2 Jud 5:1 Ps 105:2 106:12 Isa 12:1,2,5 Jas 5:13 * Spring up. Heb. ascend. sing ye. or answer. * princes. # 2Ch 17:7-9 Ne 3:1,5 1Ti 6:17,18 * the lawgiver. # De 5:31 33:4 Isa 33:22 Joh 1:17 Jas 4:12 * And from. # 33:45-47 # 19 * country. Heb. field. # 22:1 26:63 33:49,50 De 1:5 * to the. # 23:14 De 3:27 4:49 34:1 * Pisgah. or the hill. Jeshimon. or, the wilderness. # 23:28 # 20:14-19 De 2:26-28 Jud 11:19-21 # 20:17 * Sihon would. # De 2:30-32 29:7,8 * Jahaz. # Jud 11:20 Isa 15:4 Jer 48:34 * Israel. # 32:1-4,33-42 De 2:31-37 29:7 Jos 9:10 12:1-3 13:8-10 24:8 # Jud 11:21-23 12:1,2 21:8 Ne 9:22 Ps 135:10-12 136:19 Am 2:9 * Arnon. See on ver. # 13 Ge 32:22 De 3:16 * dwelt. # 31 32:33-42 De 2:12 * in Heshbon. Heshbon was situated, according to Eusebius, twenty miles east of Jordan; and Jerome, who places it at the same distance, says it was, in his time, a very considerable city. It still subsists, in ruins, under the name of Heshban. # So 7:4 Isa 15:4 16:8,9 Jer 48:2,34,45 * villages. Heb. daughters. # Eze 16:46,49,53 * Arnon. Arnon is a stream which takes its rise in the mountains of Moab, and, by a north-west course, during which it receives the waters of several streams, runs into the Dead sea. It is now called Wady Modjeb, and divides the province of Pelka from that of Kerek, as it formerly divided the kingdoms of the Moabites and Amorites. Its principal source is at a short distance to the north-east of Katrane, a station of the Syrian Hadj, where it is called Seyl Sayde; and lower down it receives the name of Esseim el Kereim, or Szefye. # 26 # 14 Isa 14:4 Hab 2:6 * a fire. # Jud 9:20 Isa 10:16 Jer 48:45,46 Am 1:4,7,10,12,14 2:2,5 * Ar of Moab. See on ver. # 15 De 2:9,18 Isa 15:1,2 # Jud 11:24 1Ki 11:7,33 2Ki 23:13 Jer 48:7,13,46 1Co 8:4,5 * have shot. # Ge 49:23 2Sa 11:24 Ps 18:14 * Dibon. # 32:34 Jos 13:17 Isa 15:2,9 Jer 48:18,22 # 32:33-42 De 3:16,17 Jos 12:1-6 13:8-12 * Jaazer. # 32:1,35 Isa 16:8,9 Jer 48:32 * Jazer. * they turned. # De 3:1-6 29:7 Jos 13:12 * Bashan. # De 32:14 Ps 22:12 68:15 Isa 33:9 Eze 27:6 39:18 Am 4:1 * Og. # 32:33 De 1:4 3:1 4:47 29:7 Jos 9:10 12:4 13:30 * Fear him. # 14:9 De 3:2,11 20:3 31:6 Jos 10:8,25 Isa 41:13 * for I have. # De 3:3 7:24 Jos 8:7 Jud 11:30 1Sa 23:4 2Sa 5:19 1Ki 20:13,28 # 2Ki 3:18 * thou shalt. # 24 Ps 135:10,11 * as thou. # 24,25 # De 3:3-17 29:7,8 Jos 12:4-6 13:12 Ps 135:10-12 136:17-21 # Ro 8:37 1 Balak's first message for Balaam is refused. 15 His second message obtains him. 22 An angel would have slain him, if he had not been saved by his ass. 36 Balak entertains him. * the children. # 21:20 33:48-50 36:13 De 34:1,8 * on this side. # 32:19 34:15 De 1:5 3:8 Jos 3:16 # 21:3,20-35 Jud 11:25 # Ex 15:15 De 2:25 Jos 2:10,11,24 9:24 Ps 53:5 Isa 23:5 * elders. # 7 25:15-18 31:8 Jos 13:21,22 * Now shall. # 24:17 Jer 48:38 * And Balak. # 2 Jud 11:25 * sent. # De 23:4 Jos 13:22 24:9 Ne 13:1,2 Mic 6:5 2Pe 2:15,16 * son of Bosor. # Jude 1:11 Re 2:14 * Pethor. Dr. Kennicott justly remarks, that "the description now given of Balaam's residence, instead of being particular, agrees with any place, in any country where there is a river; for he lived by 'Pethor, which is by the river of the land of his people.' But was Pethor, then, near the Nile in Egypt? Or in Canaan, near Jordan? Or in Mesopotamia, near the Euphrates, and belonging to the Ammonites? This last was in fact the case; and therefore, it is well that twelve Hebrew MSS. (with two of De Rossi's) confirm the Samaritan text here, in reading instead of {âmmo,} 'his people,' Ammon, with the Syriac and Vulgate versions." Houbigant justly contends for this reading; and necessity urges the propriety of adopting it: and it thus agrees with De 23:4. Ptolemy calls Pethor, Pachura, and Eusebius, Pathura; who places it in upper Mesopotamia. Calmet is of opinion, that it was situated towards Thapsacus, beyond the Euphrates. # 23:7 De 23:4 * they cover. # Ge 13:16 Ex 1:7-10 Ps 105:24 * face. Heb. eye. * curse me. # 23:7,8 24:9 Ge 12:3 27:29 De 23:4 Jos 24:9 1Sa 17:43 Ne 13:2 # Ps 109:17,18 * I wot. # 1Ki 22:6,8,13 Ps 109:28 Pr 26:2 Isa 47:12,13 Eze 13:6 # Ac 8:9,10 16:16 * rewards of divination. # 1Sa 9:7,8 Isa 56:11 Eze 13:19 Mic 3:11 Ro 16:18 1Ti 6:9,10 # Tit 1:11 2Pe 2:15 Jude 1:11 # 19,20 12:6 23:12 Jer 12:2 Eze 33:31 * God. # 20 Ge 20:3 31:24 41:25 Da 2:45 4:31,32 Mt 7:22 24:24 # Joh 11:51 * What men. # Ge 3:9-11 4:9 16:8 Ex 4:2 2Ki 20:14,15 * See on ver. # 4-6 * able to overcome them. Heb. prevail in fighting against them. # 11 * Balaam, Thou shalt. # 20 Job 33:15-17 Mt 27:19 * thou shalt not curse. # 19 23:3,13-15,19,23 Mic 6:5 * for they. # 23:20 Ge 12:2 22:16-18 De 23:5 33:29 Ps 144:15 146:5 # Ro 4:6,7 11:29 Eph 1:3 * for the Lord. # 14 De 23:5 * Balaam refuseth. # 13,37 * princes. # 7,8 Ac 10:7,8 * Let nothing, etc. Heb. Be not thou letted from, etc. # 16 * I will promote. # 24:11 De 16:9 Es 5:11 7:9 Mt 4:8,9 16:26 * and I will do. # 23:2,3,29,30 Mt 14:7 * come. # 6 * curse me. An erroneous opinion prevailed, both in those days and in after ages, that some men had the power, by the help of their gods, to devote, not only particular persons, but cities and whole armies, to destruction. This they are said to have done sometimes by words of imprecation; of which there was a set form among some people, which Æschines calls [ ,] "the determinate curse." Macrobius has a whole chapter on this subject. He gives us two of the ancient forms used in reference to the destruction of Carthage; the first, which was only pronounced by the dictator, or general, was to call over the protecting deities to their side, and the other to devote the city to destruction, which they were supposed to have abandoned. The Romans held, that no city would be taken till its tutelary god had forsaken it; or if it could be taken, it would be unlawful, as it would be sacrilege to lead the gods into captivity. Virgil intimates, that Troy was destroyed because {Excessere omnes adytis, arisque relictis dii, quibus imperium hoc steterat,} "All the gods, by whose assistance the empire had hitherto been preserved, forsook their altars and temples." See more on this subject in Dr. A. Clarke, Bp. Patrick, and Burder's Oriental Customs, No. 734. * If Balak. # 24:13 Tit 1:16 * I cannot. # 23:26 24:13 1Ki 22:14 2Ch 18:13 Da 5:17 Ac 8:20 * See on ver. # 7,8 1Ti 6:9,10 2Pe 2:3,15 Jude 1:11 * God. See on ver. # 9 * If the men. # 1Sa 8:5-9 12:12-19 Ps 81:12 Eze 14:2-5 2Th 2:9-12 * but yet. # 35 23:12,26 24:13 Ps 33:10,11 78:30,31 Isa 37:29 Ho 13:11 # Pr 1:15,16 * God's. # 2Ki 10:20 Ho 1:4 * and the angel. # 35 * See on # Ge 48:15,16 Ex 3:2-6 Ho 12:4,5 * stood. # 32 Ex 4:24 La 2:4 * the ass saw. # 2Ki 6:17 1Ch 21:16 Da 10:7 Ac 22:9 1Co 1:27-29 2Pe 2:16 # Jude 1:11 * the ass turned. # Jer 8:7 # 24 * crushed Balaam's. # Job 5:13-15 Isa 47:12 * where was no way. # Isa 26:11 Ho 2:6 * and Balaam's anger. # Pr 14:16 27:3,4 * the Lord opened. And where is the wonder of all this? If the ass had opened her own mouth, and reproved the rash prophet, we might well be astonished; but when God opens the mouth, an ass can speak as well as a man. It is to no purpose to speak of the construction of the ass's mouth, of the formation of the tongue and jaws being unfit for speaking; for an adequate cause is assigned for this wonderful effect, "The Lord opened the mouth of the ass"; and no one who believes in a God, can doubt of his power to do this and much more. # Ex 4:11 Lu 1:37 1Co 1:19 2Pe 2:16 * What have I. # Ro 8:22 * for now would. # Pr 12:10,16 Ec 9:3 * the ass said. # 2Pe 2:16 * upon which thou hast ridden. Heb. who hast ridden upon me. ever since I was thine. or, ever since thou wast, unto, etc. # 1Co 1:27,28 * opened. # 24:4 *marg: # 24:16 Ge 21:19 2Ki 6:17-20 1Ch 21:16 Lu 24:16,31 Ac 26:18 * bowed down. # Ex 34:8 Ps 9:20 Joh 18:6 * fell flat on his face. or, bowed himself. * Wherefore. # 28 De 25:4 Ps 36:6 145:9 147:9 Jon 4:11 * withstand thee. Heb. be an adversary unto thee. # 22 * thy way. # De 23:4 Pr 28:6 Mic 6:5 Ac 13:10 2Pe 2:14,15 * before me. See on ver. # 20,22,35 Ex 3:2-6 Pr 14:2 28:18 * surely. # 14:37 16:33-35 1Ki 13:24-28 * I Have sinned. # Ex 9:27 10:16,17 1Sa 15:24,30 24:17 26:21 2Sa 12:13 # Job 34:31,32 Ps 78:34 Mt 27:4,5 * if it displease thee. Heb. be evil in thine eyes. See on ver. # 12 11:1 1Ch 21:7 Pr 24:18 *margins * I will get. # Job 34:31,32 * Go. See on ver. # 20 Ps 81:12 Isa 37:26-29 2Th 2:9-12 * I shall speak. See on ver. # 20,21 * went. # Ge 14:17 18:2 46:29 Ex 18:7 1Sa 13:10 Ac 28:15 * the border. # 21:13,14 De 2:24 3:8 Jud 11:18 Isa 16:2 Jer 48:20 * I am not able. # 16,17 24:11 Ps 75:6 Mt 4:8,9 Lu 4:6 Joh 5:44 * have I. # 18 Ps 33:10 76:10 Pr 19:21 Isa 44:25 46:10 47:12 * the word. # 23:16,26 24:13 1Ki 22:14 2Ch 18:13 * Kirjath-huzoth. or, a city of streets. Probably Rabbath-Moab, now called Rabba, the capital of the Moabites; and being the royal city, distinguished by its streets. # 39 # 23:2,14,30 Ge 31:54 Pr 1:16 * high places. {Bamoth baal,} "the high places of Baal," probably the same as Bamoth mentioned in ch. 21.19, 20; evidently not far from Baal-meon, in the mountains of Abarim: for the Israelites were now encamped in the plains of Moab, which these mountains overlook. Baal, which signifies a lord or governor, was a name common to many idols; and probably here was the same as Chemosh, the god of Moab. # 25:2,3 De 12:2 2Ch 11:15 Jer 48:35 * utmost. # 23:13 1 Balak's sacrifices. 7 Balaam's parables. 13 Balak's sacrifices. 18 Balaam's parables. 25 Balak's sacrifices. * Build me. # 29 Eze 33:31 Jude 1:11 * seven altars. # Ex 20:24 27:1-8 1Sa 15:22 2Ki 18:22 Ps 50:8,9 Pr 15:8 # Isa 1:11-15 Mt 23:14 * seven oxen. # 29:32 1Ch 15:26 2Ch 29:21 Job 42:8 Eze 45:23 * offered. # 14,30 * Stand. # 15 * burnt. # Ge 8:20 22:2,7,8,13 Ex 18:12 Le 1:1 * peradventure. # 15 22:8,9,31-35 24:1 * went to an high place. or, went solitary. * God. # 16 22:9,20 * I have prepared. See on ver. # 1 Isa 58:3,4 Mt 20:12 Lu 18:12 Joh 16:2 Ro 3:27 Eph 2:9 # 16 22:35 De 18:18 Pr 16:1,9 Isa 51:16 59:21 Jer 1:9 # Lu 12:12 Joh 11:51 # 3 * he took. # 18 24:3,15,23 Job 27:1 29:1 Ps 78:2 Eze 17:2 20:49 Mic 2:4 # Hab 2:6 Mt 13:33,35 Mr 12:12 * parable. The word {mashal,} which as a verb is to rule, have authority, and also to compare, as a noun signifies whatever is expressed in parabolic or figurative language. All these oracular speeches of Balaam are in hemistich metre in the original. They are highly dignified and sublime; and may be considered as immediate poetic productions of the Spirit of God. (ch. 24:2.) * Aram. # 22:5 Ge 10:22 28:2,7 De 23:4 * Come. # 22:6,11,17 Pr 26:2 * defy Israel. # 1Sa 17:10,25,26,36,45 2Sa 21:21 23:9 # 20,23 Isa 44:25 47:12,13 * the people. They shall ever be a distinct nation. This prophecy has been literally fulfilled, through a period of 3,300 years, to the present day. * dwell alone. # Ex 19:5,6 33:16 De 33:28 Es 3:8 2Co 6:17 Tit 2:14 1Pe 2:9 * shall not. # De 32:8 Ezr 9:2 Jer 46:28 Am 9:9 Ro 15:8-10 Eph 2:12-14 * can count. # Ge 13:16 22:17 28:14 * the dust. i.e., The posterity of Jacob, which was to be so numerous as to resemble the dust. * the fourth. # 2:9,16,24,31 * me. Heb. my soul, or, my life. the death. # Ps 37:37 116:15 Pr 14:32 Isa 57:1,2 Lu 2:29,30 1Co 3:21,22 # 1Co 15:53-57 2Co 5:1 Php 1:21-23 2Ti 4:6-8 2Pe 1:13-15 # Re 14:13 * See on ver. # 7,8 22:11,17 24:10 Ps 109:17-20 # 20,26 22:38 24:13 Pr 26:25 Ro 16:18 Tit 1:16 * unto. # 1Ki 20:23,28 Mic 6:5 * utmost. # 22:41 * and curse me. # Jos 24:9 Ps 109:17 Jas 3:9,10 * Pisgah. or, the hill. # 21:20 De 3:27 *marg: # De 4:49 34:1 *marg: * built seven. # 1,2,29 Isa 1:10,11 46:6 Ho 12:11 # 3 22:8 * See on ver. # 5 22:35 24:1 * What. # 26 1Sa 3:17 Jer 37:17 * Rise up. # Jud 3:20 * God. # 1Sa 15:29 Ps 89:35 Hab 2:3 Mal 3:6 Lu 21:33 Ro 11:29 # Tit 1:2 Heb 6:18 Jas 1:17 * or hath he. # 1Ch 17:17 Mic 7:20 * he hath. # 22:12 Ge 12:2 22:17 * I cannot. # 22:18,38 Joh 10:27-29 Ro 8:38,39 1Pe 1:5 * hath not. # Ps 103:12 Isa 1:18 38:17 Jer 50:20 Ho 14:2-4 Mic 7:18-20 # Ro 4:7,8 6:14 8:1 2Co 5:19 * the Lord. # Ex 13:21 29:45,46 33:14-16 34:9 Jud 6:13 2Ch 13:12 Ps 23:4 # Ps 46:7,11 Isa 8:10 12:6 41:10 Eze 48:35 Mt 1:23 2Co 6:16 * the shout. # Ps 47:5-7 89:15,18 97:1 118:15 Isa 33:22 Lu 19:37,38 2Co 2:14 * God. # 22:5 24:8 Ex 9:16 14:18 20:2 Ps 68:35 * the strength. # De 33:17 Job 39:10,11 Ps 22:21 * unicorn. The {reaim,} most probably denotes the rhinoceros, so called from the horn on its nose. In size he is only exceeded by the elephant; and in strength and power inferior to none. He is at least twelve feet in length, from the snout to the tail; six or seven feet in height; and the circumference of the body is nearly equal to his length. He is particularly distinguished from all other animals by the remarkable and offensive weapon he carries on his nose; which is very hard horn, solid throughout, directed forward. He principally feeds upon large succulent plants, prickly shrubs, and branches; and delights in marshy places. * no enchantment. # 22:6 24:1 Ge 3:15 Mt 12:25,27 16:18 Lu 10:18,19 Ro 16:20 # Re 12:9 * against. or, in. according. # Ps 44:1-3 136:13-20 Isa 63:9-12 Da 9:15 Mic 6:4,5 7:15 * What hath. # Ps 31:19 64:9 126:2,3 Isa 41:4 Joh 11:47 Ac 4:16 5:12,14 # Ac 10:38 15:12 Ga 1:23,24 1Th 1:8,9 * as a great. # 24:8,9 Ge 49:9 De 33:20 Ps 17:12 Pr 30:30 Isa 31:4 Am 3:8 # Re 5:5 * he shall. # 24:17 Ge 49:27 Da 2:44 Mic 5:8,9 Zec 10:4,5 12:6 Re 19:11-21 # Ps 2:1-3 # 12,13 22:18,38 24:12,13 1Ki 22:14 2Ch 18:13 Ac 4:19,20 5:29 * Come. # 13 * peradventure. See on ver. # 19,20 Job 23:13 Pr 19:21 21:30 Isa 14:27 46:10,11 Mal 3:6 # Ro 11:29 * Jeshimon. # 21:20 * See on ver. # 1,2 # 30 1 Balaam, leaving divinations, prophesies the happiness of Israel. 10 Balak, in anger, dismisses him. 15 He prophesies of the Star of Jacob, and the destruction of some nations. * saw. # 22:13 23:20 31:16 1Sa 24:20 26:2,25 Re 2:14 * at other times. # 23:3,15 * to seek for enchantments. Heb. to the meeting of enchantments. # 23:23 * abiding. # 5 2:2-34 23:9,10 So 6:4,10 * the spirit. # 11:25-29 1Sa 10:10 19:20,23 2Ch 15:1 Mt 7:22 10:4,8 Lu 10:20 # Joh 11:49-51 * he took up. See on ch. # 23:7,18 * whose eyes are open hath said. Heb. who had his eyes shut, but now opened. # 4,16 22:31 * saw. See on ch. # 12:6 Ge 15:12 Ps 89:19 Da 8:26,27 Ac 10:10,19 22:17 # 2Co 12:1-4 * falling. # 22:31 1Sa 19:24 Eze 1:28 Da 8:17,18 10:15,16 Re 1:10,17 # 5 * as gardens. # Ge 2:8-10 13:10 So 4:12-15 6:11 Isa 58:11 Jer 31:12 Joe 3:18 * as the trees. {Ahalim,} "lign-aloe trees." This tree, which grows in the East Indies, is described as being eight or ten feet in height, with a stem the thickness of a man's thigh. At the top grows a large tuft of jagged and thick leaves, thick and indented, broad at the bottom, but growing narrower towards the point, and about four feet in length. The blossoms are red, intermingled with yellow, and double like cloves; from which comes a red and white fruit, of the size of a pea, oblong and triangular, with three apartments filled with seed. The tree has a very beautiful appearance; and a forest of them is said to bear a resemblance to a numerous encampment. # Ps 1:3 Jer 17:18 * which the. # Ps 104:16 Isa 41:19 * as cedar. # Ps 92:12-14 Eze 31:3,4 47:12 * pour. # Ps 68:26 Pr 5:16-18 Isa 48:1 * many waters. # Ps 93:3,4 Jer 51:13 Re 17:1,15 * his king. # Ezr 4:20 Ps 2:6-10 18:43 Joh 1:49 Php 2:10,11 Re 19:16 * Agag. # 1Sa 15:8,9,32,33 * his kingdom. # 2Sa 5:12 1Ki 4:21 1Ch 14:2 Isa 2:2 9:7 Da 2:44 Re 11:15 * God. # 21:5 23:22 * shall eat. # 14:9 23:24 De 7:1 * break. # Ps 2:9 Isa 38:13 Jer 50:17 Da 6:24 * pierce. # De 32:23,42 Ps 21:12 45:5 Jer 50:9 * couched. # Ge 49:9 Job 38:39,40 * who shall. See on ch. # 23:24 Job 41:10 Ps 2:12 * Blessed. # Ge 12:3 27:29 Ps 122:6 Mt 25:40,45 Ac 9:5 * he smote. # Job 27:23 Eze 21:14,17 22:13 * I called. # 22:6,11,17 23:11 De 23:4,5 Jos 24:9,10 Ne 13:2 * I thought. # 22:17,37 * the Lord. # Mt 19:28-30 Ac 8:20 Php 3:8 Heb 11:24-26 1Pe 5:2,3 2Jo 1:8 * See on ch. # 22:18,38 # 13 * I will advertise. # 17 31:7-18 Mic 6:5 Re 2:10,14 * the latter. # Ge 49:1 Isa 24:22 Jer 48:47 49:39 Da 2:28 10:14 Ho 3:5 # Ac 2:17 2Ti 3:1 # 3,4 23:7,18 Job 27:1 Mt 13:35 # 4 2Sa 23:1,2 1Co 8:1 13:2 * I shall see him. The Targum of Onkelos translates this passage in the following manner: "I shall see him, but not now; I shall behold him, but he is not near. When a king shall arise from the house of Jacob, and the Messiah be anointed from the house of Israel; he shall slay the princes of Moab, and rule over all the children of men." The marginal references will direct the reader to the fulfilment of these remarkable prophecies. # Job 19:25-27 Zec 12:10 Jude 1:11,14,15 Re 1:7 * a Star. # Mt 2:2-9 Lu 1:78 2Pe 1:19 Re 22:16 * a Sceptre. # Ge 49:10 Ps 45:6 78:70-72 110:2 Isa 9:7 Lu 1:32,33 Heb 1:8 * smite the corners of Moab. or, smite through the princes of Moab. # 1Sa 14:38 *marg: # Zec 10:4 * Moab. # 2Sa 8:2 2Ki 3:5,26,27 1Ch 18:2 Jer 48:45 * all the children. # Ge 4:25,26 5:3-29 * Seth. # Ps 72:8-11 Re 11:15 # Ge 27:29,40 2Sa 8:14 Ps 60:1 *title # Ps 60:8-12 Isa 34:5 63:1 Am 9:12 * Of Jacob. # Ge 49:10 Ps 2:1-12 72:10,11 Isa 11:10 Mic 5:2,4 Mt 28:18 # 1Co 15:25 Eph 1:20-22 Php 2:10,11 Heb 1:8 1Pe 3:22 Re 19:16 * shall destroy. # Ps 21:7-10 Mt 25:46 Lu 19:12,27 * the first of the nations. or, the first of the nations that warred against Israel. # Ex 17:8,16 * his latter end. # Jud 6:3 1Sa 14:48 15:3-8 27:8,9 30:1,17 1Ch 4:43 Es 3:1 # Es 7:9,10 9:14 * shall be that he perish for ever. or, shall be even to destruction. # Ex 17:14 1Sa 15:3,8 * the Kenites. # Ge 15:19 Jud 1:16 Job 29:18 * the Kenite. Heb. Kain. until Asshur shall carry thee away captive. or, how long shall it be ere Asshur carry thee away captive? # Ge 10:11 Ezr 4:2 Ps 83:8 Ho 14:3 * when God. # 23:23 2Ki 5:1 Mal 3:2 * Chittim. # Ge 10:4 Isa 23:1 Da 7:19,20 8:5-8,21 10:20 11:30 * and shall afflict Eber. # Ge 10:21-25 14:13 Da 9:26,27 Mt 24:15 Lu 20:24 23:29-31 # Joh 11:48 * and he also. # Da 2:35,45 7:23-26 11:45 Re 18:2-24 # 11 31:8 Jos 13:22 1 Israel at Shittim commit whoredom and idolatry. 6 Phinehas kills Zimri and Cozbi. 10 God therefore gives him an everlasting priesthood. 16 The Midianites are to be vexed. * Shittim. # 33:49 Jos 2:1 3:1 Mic 6:5 * the people. # 31:15,16 Ec 7:26 1Co 10:8 * they called. # Ex 34:15,16 Jos 22:17 1Ki 11:1-8 Ps 106:28 Ho 9:10 1Co 10:20 # 1Co 10:27,28 2Co 6:16,17 Re 2:14 * bowed. # Ex 20:5 23:24 Jos 23:7,16 1Ki 19:18 * joined. # 5 De 4:3,4 Jos 22:17 Ps 106:28,29 Ho 9:10 * the anger. # Jos 22:17 Jud 2:14,20 Ps 90:11 Jer 17:4 * all the heads. # 14,15,18 Ex 18:25 De 4:3 Jos 22:17 23:2 * and hang. Dr. Kennicott remarks, that the Samaritan and Hebrew texts must be united to make the sense of this verse complete: "And the Lord said unto Moses, Speak unto all the heads of the people; and let them slay the men that were joined to Baal-peor; and hang them up before the Lord, against the sun," etc. # De 13:6-9,13,15 21:23 2Sa 21:6,9 Es 7:9,10 * that the fierce. # 11 De 13:17 Jos 7:25,26 Ps 85:3,4 Jon 3:9 * judges. # Ex 18:21,25,26 * Slay ye. # Ex 22:20 32:27,28 De 13:6,9,13,15 17:3-5 1Ki 18:40 * a Midianitish. # 14,15 22:4 31:2,9-16 * in the sight of Moses. # 15:30,31 De 29:19-21 Jer 3:3 8:12 36:23 42:15-18 43:4-7 # Jer 44:16,17 2Pe 2:13-15 Jude 1:13 * weeping. # Jud 2:4 Ezr 9:1-4 10:6-9 Isa 22:12 Eze 9:4-6 Joe 2:17 * Phinehas. # Ex 6:25 Jos 22:30,31 Jud 20:28 * a javelin. # 1Sa 18:10,11 19:9 * thrust. # 5,11 Ps 106:29-31 * So the plague. # 16:46-48 2Sa 24:25 1Ch 21:22 St. Paul reckons only 23,000: Moses includes in the 24,000 he names, the 1,000 men who were slain in consequence of the judicial examination, (ver. 4,) as well as the 23,000 who died of the plague; while St. Paul only refers to the latter. # 4,5 16:49,50 De 4:3,4 1Co 10:8 # 10 * turned my. # Jos 7:25,26 2Sa 21:14 Ps 106:23 Joh 3:36 * for my sake. Heb. with my zeal. # 2Co 11:2 * that I. # Ex 22:5 34:14 De 4:24 29:20 32:16,21 Jos 24:19 1Ki 14:22 # Ps 78:58 Eze 16:38 Na 1:2 Zep 1:18 3:8 1Co 10:22 # 13:29 Mal 2:4,5 3:1 * his seed. # 1Sa 2:30 1Ki 2:27 1Ch 6:4-15,50-53 * an everlasting. # Ex 40:15 Isa 61:6 Jer 33:18,22 Heb 7:11,17,18 1Pe 2:5,9 # Re 1:6 * zealous. # 1Ki 19:10,14 Ps 69:9 106:31 119:139 Joh 2:17 Ac 22:3-5 # Ro 10:2-4 * atonement. # Ex 32:30 Jos 7:12 2Sa 21:3 Heb 2:17 1Jo 2:2 * a prince. # 4,5 2Ch 19:7 * chief house. Heb. house of a father. the Simeonites. # 1:23 26:14 * Zur. # 31:8 Jos 13:21 # 16 Balaam's counsel seems to have been first given to Balak, king of Moab; but probably the Midianitish women, especially of the higher ranks, as Cozbi was, were the principal tempters; and the nation of Midian seems to have come into the execrable measure more generally and heartily than that of Moab: they were therefore first selected to be made examples of, for a warning to the Moabites, who were spared at this time. # 31:2 Re 18:6 * vex you. # 31:15,16 Ge 26:10 Ex 32:21,35 Re 2:14 * beguiled. # Ge 3:13 2Co 11:3 2Pe 2:14,15,18 * which. # 8 1 The sum of all Israel is taken in the plains of Moab. 52 The law of dividing among them the inheritance of the land. 57 The families and number of the Levites. 63 None was left of them which were numbered at Sinai, but Caleb and Joshua. # 25:9 The plague having swept away the last of that devoted generation, which provoked the Lord to "swear in his wrath that they should not enter" Canaan; he now, after an interval of 38 years, commands another census of the Israelites to be made, to preserve the distinction of families, and to regulate the tribes previous to their entry into the promised land, as well as to ascertain the proportion of land which should be allotted to each tribe. For, though the whole was divided by lot, yet the portions were so disposed, that a numerous tribe did not draw where the lots assigned small inheritances, or the contrary. * See on ch. # 1:2,3 Ex 30:12 38:25,26 # 63 22:1 31:12 33:48 35:1 De 4:46-49 34:1,6,8 # 1:1 1Ch 21:1 * the eldest. # Ge 29:32 49:2,3 1Ch 5:1 * thy children. # Ge 46:8,9 Ex 6:14 1Ch 5:3 # 6 # 1,21 2:11 Ge 46:9 # 8 # 1:16 16:1,2-35 Ps 106:17 Jude 1:11 * earth opened. # 16:2,31-35,38 27:3 Ex 16:35 Ps 106:17,18 * together. The Samaritan text does not intimate that Korah was swallowed up, but that he was burnt, as appears to have been the fact; and the Psalmist also, (Ps 106:17,) only mentions Dathan and Abiram as having been swallowed up. "And the earth swallowed them up, what time that company died; and the fire devoured Korah with the 250 men, who became a sign." * they became a sign. # 16:38 1Sa 2:34 Jer 29:22 Eze 14:8 1Co 10:6-10 2Pe 2:6 Jude 1:7 It seems to be intimated in ch. 16:27, 31-33, that the sons and the little ones of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, were swallowed up; but the text here expressly affirms, that the children of Korah "died not;" and their descendants were famous even in David's time. On a close inspection, however, of ver. 27, we shall find, that the sons and the little ones of Dathan and Abiram alone are mentioned. # 16:5 Ex 6:24 1Ch 6:22-28 Ps 42:1 44:1 45:1 46:1 47:1 *titles # Ps 48:1 49:1 50:1 *titles * Nemuel. # Ge 46:10 Ex 6:15 * Jemuel. Jachin. # 1Ki 7:21 1Ch 4:24 * Jarib. * Zerah. # Ge 46:10 * Zohar. The immense decrease of this tribe, no less than 37,100, renders it highly probable, that, influenced by the bad example of Zimri, the Simeonites had been peculiarly criminal in the late wickedness, and that multitudes of them had died of the plague. It is remarkable, that Moses, in De ch. 33, bestows no blessing upon this tribe. # 1:22,23 2:12,13 * Zephon. # 2:14 Ge 46:16 * Ziphion, Haggai, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, Areli. * or, Ezbon. # Ge 46:16 # Ge 46:16 * Arodi. # 1:24,25 2:14,15 * Er and Onan. # Ge 38:1-10 46:12 1Ch 2:3-8 * Shelah. # Ge 38:5,11,14,26-30 1Ch 4:21 * Pharez. # Ge 38:27-29 46:12 Ru 4:18-22 1Ch 2:3-8 Ne 11:4,6,24 * Perez. # Mt 1:3 Lu 3:33 * Phares. Zerah. # Ge 38:30 46:12 * Zarah. # 1Ch 2:4 Ne 11:24 # 21 # 1:26,27 2:3,4 Ge 49:8 1Ch 5:2 Ps 115:14 Heb 7:14 * the sons. # 2:5 Ge 30:17,18 46:13 1Ch 7:1 * Pua. or, Phuvah. * Jashub. or, Job. # Ge 46:13 * threescore. # 1:28,29 2:5,6 # Ge 30:19,20 46:14 # 1:30,31 2:7,8 # Ge 41:51,52 46:20 48:5,13-20 * Machir. # 32:39,40 36:1 Ge 48:14 De 3:15 Jos 17:1 Jud 5:14 1Ch 7:14-19 * Jeezer. called Abiezer. # Jos 17:2 Jud 6:11,24,34 8:2 # 31 # 32 * Zelophehad. # 27:1 36:10-12 # 1:34,35 2:20,21 * Becher. # 1Ch 7:20,21 * Bered. Tahath. Eladah. Tahath. # 36 # 1:32,33 2:18,19 * sons of Benjamin. # 1Ch 7:6-12 * Ahiram. # Ge 46:2 * Ehi. # 1Ch 8:1 * Aharah. * Shupham. # Ge 46:21 * Muppim, and Huppim. * Ard and Naaman. # 1Ch 8:3 * Addar. # 1:36,37 2:22,23 Ge 46:21 * Shuam. # Ge 46:23 * Hushim. # 1:38,39 2:25,26 * the children of Asher. # Ge 46:17 * Jimnah. Ishuah. Isui. # 1Ch 7:30 * Imnah. Isuah. Ishuai. # 45 * Sarah. # Ge 46:17 * Serah. # 1:40,41 2:27,28 * the sons of Naphtali. # Ge 46:24 1Ch 7:13 * Shillem. # 1Ch 7:13 * Shallum. # 1:42,43 2:29,30 The following comparative statement will show how much some of the tribes had increased, and others had diminished, since the enumeration in ch. 1: Now. Before. 1. Reuben 43,730 46,500 2. Simeon 22,200 59,300 3. Gad 40,500 45,650 4. Judah 76,500 74,600 5. Issachar 64,300 54,400 6. Zebulun 60,500 57,400 7. Manasseh 52,700 32,200 8. Ephraim 32,500 40,500 9. Benjamin 45,600 35,400 10. Dan 64,400 62,700 11. Asher 53,400 41,500 12. Naphtali 45,400 53,400 _______ _______ Total 601,730 603,550 _______ _______ Thus we find there was the following increase and decrease in the several tribes: 1. Reuben 2,770 decrease 2. Simeon 37,100 decrease 3. Gad 5,150 decrease 4. Judah 1,900 increase 5. Issachar 9,900 increase 6. Zebulun 3,100 increase 7. Manasseh 20,500 increase 8. Ephraim 8,000 decrease 9. Benjamin 10,200 increase 10. Dan 1,700 increase 11. Asher 11,900 increase 12. Naphtali 8,000 decrease _______________ Decrease in all . . . . . . 61,020 Increase in all . . . . . . 59,200 ______ Decrease on the whole . . . 1,820 It should be observed, that among these there was not one of the former census, except Joshua and Caleb. (See ver. 64, 65.) Thus, though there was such an amazing increase in seven tribes, yet so great was the decrease in the other five tribes, that the balance against the present census is 1,820, as appears above. Notwithstanding the amazing increase in some, and decrease in other tribes, the same sort of proportion is kept in their several divisions; so as to keep the division in the front the largest, and that in the rear the next. # 1:46 2:32 Ne 9:23 Job 12:9,10,14,20-23 Ps 77:20 # 52 # Ge 12:2,7 Jos 11:23 14:1 Ps 49:14 105:44 Eze 47:22 Da 7:27 # Mt 5:5 Re 5:10 21:27 * many. # 32:3,5 33:54 Jos 17:14 * give the more. Heb. multiply his. give the less. Heb. diminish his. * by lot. # 56 33:54 34:13 Jos 11:23 14:2 17:14 18:6,10,11 19:1,10 # Jos 19:17,24,32,40 Pr 16:33 18:18 Ac 1:26 Col 1:12 Re 7:4-8 This division by lot seems to have respect only to the quarter, or situation, which each tribe was to possess, and not to the quantity or extent of land, which was to be proportioned to the numbers of each tribe, according to the register now formed. Thus, for instance, it was determined by lot which of the twelve tribes was to inherit in the south, which in the north, etc.: then, in that quarter where the lot fell, a larger or smaller portion of land was assigned them, according to the goodness of the soil, and in proportion as they were more or less numerous. Thus the decreasing of any tribe in the wilderness, proved the decrease of their future political importance and affluence in all succeeding ages. This equal division of property was, under God, the great bulwark and strength of the Hebrew commonwealth. According to the most exact calculations, Canaan contained 14,976,000 acres; which, divided among 600,000 men, will allow of more than 21 acres and a half to each, with a remainder of 1,976,000 acres for the princes of tribes, Levitical cities, etc.: so that there was an ample provision to enable each person, with all the advantages of that fertile country and fine climate, to live, if not in affluent, yet in very comfortable circumstances. Canaan lies between lat. 31° and 33° 30' N., and long. 35° and 37° E.; its length, from the city of Dan to Beersheba, is about 200 miles; and its breadth, from the shores of the Mediterranean to the eastern borders, about 90. The Canaanites, the descendants of Canaan, son of Ham, and the original inhabitants of the land, were divided into seven principal nations,--the Amorites, Hittites, Jebusites, Girgashites, Canaanites, Perizzites, and Hivites, and formed themselves into almost as many kingdoms as they had cities. After their defeat by the Israelites, such as escaped the sword became tributary; but in process of time, having seduced them to their idolatries, they recovered many of the strongest places in the country; and even formed themselves into a mighty kingdom in Galilee. They were, however, again defeated by Barak, but were not finally subdued till the reign of David and Solomon; the latter of whom employed 153,600 in the most servile parts of the work of building the temple, palace, etc. # Ro 11:7 1Co 12:4 * these are. # 35:2,3 Ge 46:11 Ex 6:16-19 1Ch 6:1,16-30 * of Gershon. See on ch. # 3:1-4:49 # 3:17-21 16:1 # Ex 2:1,2 6:20 Le 18:12 # 3:2,8 # 3:4 Le 10:1,2 1Ch 24:1,2 * those that. # 1:49 3:39 4:27,48 18:20-24 35:2-8 De 10:9 14:27-29 18:1,2 # Jos 13:14,33 14:3 * they were not. See on ch. # 1:49 * because. # 18:20-24 35:2-8 De 10:9 14:27-29 18:1,2 Jos 13:14,33 14:3 * See on ver. # 3 # 1:1-2:34 De 2:14,15 4:3,4 1Co 10:5 * They shall. # 14:23,24,28-30,35,38 Ex 12:37 De 2:14,15 32:49,50 Ps 90:3-7 # Ro 11:22 1Co 10:5,6 Heb 3:17,18 Jude 1:5 * save Caleb. See on ch. # 14:30,38 1 The daughters of Zelophehad sue for an inheritance. 6 The law of inheritances. 12 Moses, being told of his death, sues for a successor. 18 Joshua is appointed to succeed him. * the daughters. In the orders for the division of the land, just given, no provision had been made for females, in case of failure of male issue. The five daughters of Zelophehad, therefore, considered themselves as destitute, having neither father nor brother, and being themselves entirely overlooked; and they agreed to refer the case to Moses and the rulers, whether it were not equitable that they should inherit their father's portion. This led to the enactment of an additional law to the civil code of Israel, which satisfactorily ascertained and amply secured the right of succession in cases of inheritance. This law, which is as reasonable as it is just, stands thus:--1. On the demise of the father, the estate descends to the sons. 2. If there be no son, the daughters succeed. 3. If there be no daughter, the brothers of the deceased inherit. 4. If there be no brethren, or paternal uncles, the estate goes to the grand uncles, or brothers of his father. 5. If there be no grand uncles, then the nearest of kin succeeds to the inheritance. Beyond this fifth degree the law does not extend, because there must always have been some among the Israelites who could be called kinsmen. * Zelophehad. # 26:33 36:1-12 Jos 17:3-6 1Ch 7:15 Ga 3:28 # 15:33,34 Ex 18:13,14,19-26 De 17:8-10 Rosenmuller translates this verse as follows: "Our father died in the wilderness, leaving no sons; nor was he among those who rebelled against the Lord with Korah, who died on account of his own sin." Professor Dathe, however, understands by "his own sin," that sin which was common to all the Israelites, who died on account of their unbelief. * died in the. # 14:35 26:64,65 * in the company. # 16:1-3,19,32-35,49 26:9,10 * died in his. # Eze 18:4 Joh 8:21,24 Ro 5:12,21 6:23 * Why. # Ex 32:11 Ps 109:13 Pr 13:9 * done away. Heb. diminished. Give. # Jos 17:4 # 15:34 Ex 18:15-19 25:22 Le 24:12,13 Job 23:4 Pr 3:5,6 # Ps 68:5,6 Ga 3:28 # 36:1,2 Ps 68:5 Jer 49:11 Ga 3:28 # 8 # 9 # 10 * kinsman. # Le 25:25,49 Ru 4:3-6 Jer 32:8 * a statute. # 35:29 1Sa 30:25 * mount. # 33:47,48 De 3:27 32:49 34:1-4 * thou also. # 31:2 * See on # Ge 25:8,17 * as Aaron. # 20:24-28 33:38 De 10:6 32:50 * ye rebelled. # 20:8-13 De 1:37 32:51,52 Ps 106:32,33 * Meribah. # 20:1,13,24 Ex 17:7 # 15 * the Lord. {Yehowah elohey haroochoth lechol basar,} "Jehovah, the God of the spirits of all flesh." This address sufficiently proves, that this holy man believed man to be compounded of flesh and spirit, and that these principles are perfectly distinct. Either the materiality of the soul is a human fable, or, if it be a true doctrine, Moses did not pray under the influence of the Divine Spirit. There is a similar form of expression in ch. 16:22: "O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh;" and in Job 12:10, "In whose hand is the soul {nephesh} of all living; and the spirit {rooach} of all flesh of man." These seem decisive proofs, among many others, that the Old Testament teaches that there is an immortal spirit in man; for though {rooach} sometimes denotes breath or wind, yet it certainly has not that signification here, nor in the other passages cited. * the God. # 16:22 Heb 12:9 * set a man. # De 31:14 1Sa 12:13 1Ki 5:5 Jer 3:15 23:4,5 Eze 34:11-16,23 # Eze 37:24 Mt 9:38 Joh 10:11 Ac 20:28 1Pe 5:2-4 * go out. # De 31:2 1Sa 8:20 18:13 2Sa 5:2 1Ki 3:7 2Ch 1:10 Joh 10:3,4,9 * as sheep. # 1Ki 22:17 2Ch 18:16 Eze 34:5 Zec 10:2 13:7 Mt 9:36 10:6 # Mt 15:24 Mr 6:34 1Pe 2:25 * Take thee. See on ch. # 11:28 13:8,16 Ex 17:9 De 3:28 31:7,8,23 34:9 * a man. # 11:17 Ge 41:38 Jud 3:10 11:29 1Sa 16:13,14,18 Da 5:14 # Joh 3:34 Ac 6:3 1Co 12:4-11 * lay. # 23 De 34:9 Ac 6:6 8:15-19 13:3 19:6 1Ti 4:14 5:22 Heb 6:2 * give him. # De 31:7 Lu 9:1-5 10:2-11 Ac 20:28-31 Col 4:17 1Ti 5:21 # 1Ti 6:13-17 2Ti 4:1-6 * put some. # 11:17,28,29 1Sa 10:6,9 2Ki 2:9,10,15 1Ch 29:23,25 * may be. # Jos 1:16-18 * he shall. # Jos 9:14 Jud 1:1 20:18,23,26-28 1Sa 22:10 23:9 28:6 30:7 * Urim. # Ex 28:30 Le 8:8 De 33:8 1Sa 28:6 Ezr 2:63 Ne 7:65 * at his word. See on ver. # 17 Jos 9:14 1Sa 22:10-15 # 22 * See on ver. # 19 De 3:28 31:7,8 1 Offerings are to be observed. 3 The continual burnt offering. 9 The offering on the sabbath; 11 on the new moons; 16 at the passover; 26 in the day of the first-fruits. # 1 * my bread. # Le 3:11 21:6,8 Mal 1:7,12 * for a sweet savour unto me. Heb. savour of my rest. # 15:3,7,24 Ge 8:21 Ex 29:18 Le 1:9,13,17 3:11 Eze 16:19 # Eze 20:41 *marg: # 2Co 2:15 Eph 5:2 Php 4:18 * in their due season. The stated sacrifices and service of the tabernacle having, probably, been greatly interrupted for several years, and a new generation having arisen, who were children or minors when the law was given respecting these ordinances; and as they were now about to enter into the promised land, where they must be established and constantly observed; God commands Moses to repeat them to the people in the following order:--1. Daily: the morning and evening sacrifices; a lamb each time. (ver. 3, 4.) 2. Weekly: the sabbath offerings; two lambs of a year old. (ver. 9, 10.) 3. Monthly: at the beginning of each month, two young bullocks, one ram, and seven lambs of a year old, and a kid for a sin offering. (ver. 11-15.) 4. Annual: (1) the Passover to last seven days; the offerings, two young bullocks, one ram, seven lambs of a year old, and a he-goat. (ver. 16-25.) (2) The day of first-fruits: the sacrifices the same as on the beginning of the month. (ver. 26-31.) # 9:2,3,7,13 Ex 23:15 Ps 81:3 * two lambs. # Ex 29:38,39 Le 6:9 Eze 46:13-15 Joh 1:29 1Pe 1:19,20 Re 13:8 * day by day. Heb. in a day. # Da 8:13 11:31 12:11 * and the other. # 1Ki 18:29,36 Ezr 9:4,5 Ps 141:2 Da 9:21 * at even. Heb. between the two evenings. # 9:3 Ex 12:6 *marg: # 15:4,5 Ex 16:36 29:38-42 Le 2:1 * a continual. # Ex 29:42 Le 6:9 2Ch 2:4 31:3 Ezr 3:4 Ps 50:8 Eze 46:14 # Am 5:25 * was ordained. # Ex 24:18 29:38-42 31:18 * in the holy. # Ex 29:42 * to be poured. # 14,31 * See on ch. # 15:5,7,10 Ex 29:40 30:9 Le 23:13 Isa 57:6 Joe 1:9,13 2:14 # Php 2:17 *Gr: # 8 # Ex 20:8-11 Ps 92:1-4 Isa 58:13 Eze 20:12 Re 1:10 * the burnt. # Eze 46:4,5 * the continual. # 23 29:6,11,16,19,22,25,31,34,38,39 * in the beginnings. # 10:10 15:3-11 1Sa 20:5 2Ki 4:23 1Ch 23:31 2Ch 2:4 Ezr 3:5 # Ne 10:33 Ps 40:6,8 81:3 Isa 1:13,14 66:23 Eze 45:17,18 46:1,6 # Ho 2:11 Am 3:5 Ga 4:10 Col 2:6,16 * two young. # 19 Heb 10:10-14 # 15:4-12 29:10 Eze 46:5-7 * for a burnt. See on ver. # 2 # 14 * one kid. # 22 15:24 Le 4:23 16:15 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21 * beside. See on ver. # 3,10,11 # 9:3-5 Ex 12:2-11,18,43-49 Le 23:5-8 De 16:1-8 Eze 45:21-24 # Mt 26:2,17 Lu 22:7,8 Ac 12:3,4 1Co 5:7,8 # Ex 12:15-17 13:6 Le 23:6 # Ex 12:16 Le 23:7,8 * two young. # Eze 45:21-25 * they shall. # 31 29:8 Le 22:20 De 15:21 Mal 1:13,14 1Pe 1:19 # 20 # 21 * See on ver. # 15 * See on ver. # 3,10 # 24 * on the seventh. # Ex 12:16 13:6 Le 23:8 * ye shall do. # 18,26 29:1,12,35 Le 23:3,8,21,25,35,36 * in the day. # Ex 23:16 34:22 Le 23:10,15-21 De 16:9-11 Ac 2:1-13 1Co 15:20 # Jas 1:18 * two young. # 11,19 Le 23:18,19 Bishop Patrick observes that no peace offerings are appointed in this chapter, which were chiefly for the benefit of the offerers, and therefore in them they were left more to themselves; but burnt offerings, which were purely for the honour of God, and confessions of his dominion, and which figured evangelical piety and devotion, by which the soul is wholly offered up to God, in the flames of holy love; and sin offerings, which were typical of Christ's sacrifice of himself, by which we and our services are perfected and sanctified. # 28 # 29 # 15,22 15:24 2Co 5:21 Ga 3:13 1Pe 2:24 3:18 * without blemish. # 19 Mal 1:13,14 1 The offering at the feast of trumpets; 7 at the day of afflicting their souls; 12 and on the eight days of the feast of tabernacles. * the seventh. That is, the month Tisri, the seventh month of their ecclesiastical year, but the first of their civil year, answering to our September. This, which was their new year's day, was a time of great festivity, and ushered in by the blowing of trumpets; whence it was also called the feast of blowing the trumpets. In imitation of this Jewish festival, different nations began the new year with sacrifices and festivity. The ancient Egyptians did so; and the Persians also celebrated their {nawee rooz,} or new year's day, which they held on the vernal equinox, and which "lasted ten days, during which all ranks seemed to participate in one general joy. The rich sent presents to the poor; all were dressed in their holiday clothes; all kept open house; and religious processions, music, dancing, a species of theatrical exhibition, rustic sports, and other pastimes, presented a continued round of varied amusement. Even the dead, and the ideal beings were not forgotten; rich viands being placed on the tops of houses and high towers, on the flavour of which the {Peris,} and spirits of their departed heroes and friends, were supposed to feast." After the Mohammedan conquest of Persia, the celebration of this period sensibly declined, and at last totally ceased, till the time of Jelaladdin (about A.D. 1082), who, coming to the crown at the vernal equinox, re-established the ancient festival, which has ever since been celebrated with pomp and acclamations. # Le 23:24,25 Ezr 3:6 Ne 7:73 * the first day of the month. The monthly sacrifices were regulated by the new moons; and it is probable that the solemn sacrifices were appointed by God, to prevent the idolatry which was usual among the heathen at this period; who expressed the most extravagant rejoicings on the first appearance of the new moon. Moses, however, used the return of the moon only as one of the most natural and convenient measures of time; and appointed sacrifices to Jehovah, to prevent the Israelites from falling into the idolatries of their heathen neighbours. In the serene climate of Arabia and Judea, its first faint crescent is, for the most part, visible to all. * blowing. # 10:1-10 1Ch 15:28 Ps 81:3 89:15 Isa 27:13 Zec 9:14 # Mr 16:15,16 Ro 10:14-18 15:16-19 # 8,36 28:19,27 Heb 10:10-14 # 3 # 4 * See on ch. # 28:15,22,30 * the burnt. See on ch. # 28:11-15 * the daily. See on ch. # 28:3-8 Ex 29:38-42 Le 6:9 * according. # 18,21 9:14 15:11,12,24 Ezr 3:4 * on the tenth. # Le 16:29-31 23:27 * afflict. # Le 16:29 Ezr 8:21 Ps 35:13 126:5,6 Isa 22:12 58:3-5 Zec 7:3 # Zec 12:10 Mt 5:4 Lu 13:3,5 Ac 27:9 Ro 6:6 1Co 9:27 2Co 7:9-11 # Jas 4:8-10 * without blemish. # 2,13 28:19 * See on ch. # 15:3-12 # 10 * beside. # Le 16:3,5,9 Isa 53:10 Da 9:24-26 Heb 7:27 9:25-28 * the continual. See on ver. # 6 28:3-8 * the fifteenth day. This was the feast of Tabernacles, kept in commemoration of their dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years. The first and last days were to be kept as sabbaths, on which there were solemn assemblies; and for seven days sacrifices were offered. On the other festivals, two bullocks sufficed, (ch. 28:11, 19, 27), and on the festival at the beginning of this month, only one was appointed; but, on the first day of this festival, thirteen young bullocks were appointed; and so on each successive day, with the decrease of only one bullock, till on the seventh day, there were only seven, making in all seventy bullocks. The lambs, and the rams also, were in a double proportion to the number sacrificed at any other festival. This was an expensive service; but more easy at this time of the year than any other, as Bishop Patrick observes, because now their barns were full, and their wine-presses overflowed; and their hearts might well be supposed to be more enlarged than at other times, in thankfulness to God for the multitude of his mercies. The Jewish doctors give this reason for the daily diminution of the number of the bullocks: the whole number, say they, was according to the languages of the seventy nations of the world; and the diminution of one every day signified, that there should be a gradual diminution of those nations till all things were brought under the government of the Messiah; in whose days "no sacrifices shall remain, but those of thanksgiving, prayer, and praise." # Ex 23:16 34:22 Le 23:33-43 De 16:13,14 Ne 8:14,18 Eze 45:25 # Zec 14:16-19 Joh 1:14 Heb 11:9-13 * thirteen young bullocks. # 2,8 28:11,19,27 Ezr 3:4 Heb 10:12-14 At this feast thirteen bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs, were to be offered. It is worthy of remark, that in each of the seven days of this feast one bullock is to be abated, so that on the seventh day (ver. 32) they were to offer seven bullocks, but the rams and lambs were every day alike; which appointment might signify a diminishing and wearing away of the legal offerings, to lead them to the spiritual and reasonable service, by presenting their own bodies a living sacrifice, holy, and acceptable unto God. # Ro 12:1 # 14 # 15 * See on ver. # 11 # 13,20-40 Ps 40:6 50:8,9 51:16,17 69:31 Isa 1:11 Jer 7:22,23 # Ho 6:6 Ro 12:1 Heb 8:13 9:3-14 * after the manner. That is, after the manner already prescribed. # 3,4,6,9,10 15:4-12 28:7,14 # 11,22,25 Am 8:14 # 20 * after the manner. # 18 * drink offering. # Ps 16:4 Joe 1:9,13 2:14 # 23 # 24 * See on ver. # 11 Joh 8:31 Ac 13:43 Ro 2:7 Ga 2:5 6:9 2Th 3:13 Heb 3:14 # Heb 10:39 13:15 # 26 # 27 # 28 # 29 # 30 # 31 # 32 # 33 # 34 * eighth day. Though this day was properly a distinct festival, and esteemed the chief or high day of the feast, yet fewer sacrifices are appointed for it than for any of the foregoing seven. On every one of them two rams and fourteen lambs were offered; but on this day there were but half as many; and whereas seven bullocks were the fewest that were offered on any of those days, on this there was only one. At this feast, there was an extraordinary ceremony of which the rabbins inform us, namely, the drawing water out of the pool of Siloam, and pouring it, mixed with wine, on the sacrifice as it lay on the altar. This they are said to have done with such expressions of joy, that it became a common proverb, "He that never saw the rejoicing of drawing of water, never saw rejoicing in all his life." The Jews pretend to ground this custom on the following passage of Isaiah, (ch. 12:3,) "With joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation;" and to this ceremony Jesus is supposed to refer, when "in the last day, the great day of the feast, he stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink: he that believeth on me, as the Scripture saith, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water," (Joh 7:37, 38:) thereby calling off the people from their carnal mirth and festive and pompous ceremonies, to seek spiritual refreshment for their minds. # Le 23:36 Joh 7:37-39 Re 7:9-17 # 36 # 37 # 38 * do, or, offer. in your set feasts. It appears from the account in these two chapters, that there were annually offered to God, at the public charge, independently of a prodigious number of voluntary, vow, and trespass offerings, 15 goats, 21 kids, 72 rams, 132 bullocks, and 1,101 lambs. But how little is all this compared with the lambs slain every year at the passover. Cestius, the Roman general, asked the priests how many persons had come to Jerusalem at their annual festivals: the priests, numbering the people by the lambs that had been slain, said, "twenty-five myriads, 5,000, and 600." # Le 23:2 1Ch 23:31 2Ch 31:3 Ezr 3:5 Ne 10:33 Isa 1:14 * beside your vows. # 6:21 Le 7:11,16-38 22:21-23 23:28 De 12:6 1Co 10:31 # Ex 40:16 De 4:5 Mt 28:20 Ac 20:27 1Co 15:3 Heb 3:2,5 1 Vows are not to be broken. 3 The exceptions of a maid's vows; 6 of a wife's; 9 of a widow's; or her that is divorced. # 1:4-16 7:2 34:17-28 Ex 18:25 De 1:13-17 * If a man. The preceding chapters had treated of sacrifices required by law; and in the laws here delivered in respect to vows must have been very useful, as they both prevented and annulled rash vows, and provided a proper sanction for the support and performance of those which were rationally made, and which were made to the Lord. * vow a vow. # 21:2 Ge 28:20-22 Le 27:2-34 De 23:21,22 Jud 11:11,30,31,35,36 # Jud 11:39 Ps 15:3 56:12 76:11 119:106 Pr 20:25 * swear. # Ex 20:7 Le 5:4 Mt 5:33,34 14:7-9 Ac 23:12 2Co 1:23 9:9-11 * to bind. # 3,4,10 Mt 23:16,18 *Gr: # Ac 23:12,14,21 * break. Heb. profane. # Ps 55:20 *marg: * he shall do. # Job 22:27 Ps 22:25 50:14 66:13,14 116:14,18 Ec 5:4,5 Na 1:15 # 3 * See on ver. # 2 # Ho 6:6 Mt 15:4-6 Mr 7:10-13 Eph 6:1 * she vowed. Heb. her vows were upon her. # Ps 56:12 # 7 # Ge 3:16 1Co 7:4 14:34 Eph 5:22-24 # Le 21:7 Lu 2:37 Ro 7:2 # 10 # 11 * her husband hath made. # 1Co 11:3 * and the Lord. # 5,8 15:25,28 * and every. # 1Co 11:3,9 1Pe 3:1-6 * to afflict. See on ch. # 29:7 Le 16:29 23:27,32 Ezr 8:21 Ps 35:13 Isa 58:5 1Co 7:5 # 7 * he shall bear. # 5,8,12 Le 5:1 Ga 3:28 # 5:29,30 Le 11:46,47 13:59 14:54-57 15:32,33 1 The Midianites are spoiled, and Balaam slain. 13 Moses is wroth with the officers, for saving the women alive. 19 How the soldiers, with their captives and spoil, are to be purified. 25 The proportion in which the prey is to be divided. 48 The voluntary oblation unto the treasury of the Lord. # 1 * Avenge. # 3 25:17,18 De 32:35 Jud 16:24,28-30 Ps 94:1-3 Isa 1:24 # Na 1:2 Lu 21:22 Ro 12:19 13:4 1Th 4:6 Heb 10:30 Re 6:10 # Re 18:20 19:2 * the Midianites. # 25:6,14-18 Ge 25:1-4 Ex 2:16 * gathered. # 27:13 Ge 15:15 25:8,17 Jud 2:10 Ac 13:36 * Arm some. # Ex 17:9-13 * avenge the Lord. It was God's quarrel, not their own, that they were now to take up. These people were idolaters, and had seduced the Israelites to practise the same abominations. Idolatry is an offence against God; and the civil power has no authority to meddle with what belongs to Him, without especial directions, certified, as in this case, in the most unequivocal manner. Private revenge, ambition, or avarice were to have no place in this business: Jehovah is to be avenged; and through Him, the children of Israel, (ver. 2,) because they were nearly ruined by their idolatries. If Jehovah, instead of punishing sinners by earthquakes, pestilence, or famine,is pleased expressly to command any person or people to avenge his cause, this commission justifies, nay sanctifies, war, massacre, or devastation. Though none at present shew such a commission, yet the Israelites could; and it is therefore absurd to censure Moses, Joshua, and Israel, for the dreadful slaughter made by them. God himself passed sentence of condemnation, and employed them merely as ministers of his vengeance; and unless it could be proved that the criminals did not deserve their doom, or that God had no right to punish his rebellious creatures, such objectors only shew their enmity to God by becoming the unsolicited advocates of his enemies. # 25:11,13 Ex 17:16 Le 26:25 Jud 5:2,23 2Ki 9:7 10:30 Jer 46:10 # Jer 50:28 * Of every tribe a thousand. Heb. A thousand of a tribe, a thousand of a tribe. a thousand. # Le 26:8 Jud 7:2 1Sa 14:6 # 5 * a thousand. Twelve thousand in all--a small number in proportion to all Israel, or to the forces which they had to encounter. As they were under the conduct of captains of thousands and hundreds, they probably had no general; for Phinehas seems to have accompanied them simply to take charge of "the holy instruments;" probably the ark and silver trumpets. * Phinehas. # 25:7-13 * the holy instruments. # 14:44 33:20-22 Ex 25:9 Jos 6:4-6,13-15 1Sa 4:4,5,17 14:18 # 1Sa 23:9 2Sa 11:11 * to blow. # 10:8,9 2Ch 13:12-15 * all. # De 20:13,14 Jud 21:11 1Sa 27:9 1Ki 11:15,16 * the males. # Jud 6:1,2,33 * the kings. # 22:4 Jos 13:21,22 * Zur. # 25:15,18 * Balaam. # 22:10 24:25 Jos 13:22 Ps 9:16 10:2 1Ti 6:9,10 2Pe 2:15 # Jude 1:11 Re 2:14 19:20 # 15,16 De 20:14 2Ch 28:5,8-10 # Jos 6:24 1Sa 30:1 1Ki 9:16 Isa 1:7 Re 18:8 # De 20:14 Jos 8:2 * the plains of Moab. See on ch. # 22:1 * went forth. # Ge 14:17 1Sa 15:12 30:21 * without the camp. # 12,22-24 5:2 19:11 * wroth. # 12:3 Ex 32:19,22 Le 10:16 1Sa 15:13,14 1Ki 20:42 2Ki 13:19 # Eph 4:26 * battle. Heb. host of war. # De 2:34 20:13,16-18 Jos 6:21 8:25 10:40 11:14 1Sa 15:3 # Ps 137:8,9 Jer 48:10 Eze 9:6 * these caused. # 24:14 25:1-3 Pr 23:27 Ec 7:26 2Pe 2:15 Re 2:14 * in the matter. # 25:18 De 4:3 Jos 22:17 * and there. # 25:9 * kill every male. The sword of war should spare women and children, as incapable of resisting; but the sword of justice knows no distinction, except that of guilty or not guilty, or more or less guilty. This was the execution of a righteous sentence upon a guilty nation, in which the women were the greatest criminals; and it may safely be said, that their lives were forfeited by their personal transgressions. With respect to the execution of the male infants, who cannot be supposed to have been guilty, God, the author and supporter of life, who has a right to dispose of it when and how he thinks proper, commanded it; and "shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?" # Jud 21:11,12 * him. Heb. a male. * keep alive for yourselves. It has been groundlessly asserted, that Moses here authorised the Israelites to make concubines of the whole number of female children; and an insidious objection against his writings has been grounded upon this monstrous supposition. But the whole tenor of the law, and especially a statute recorded in De 21:10-14, proves most decisively to the contrary. They were merely permitted to possess them as female slaves, educating them in their families, and employing them as domestics; for the laws concerning fornication, concubinage, and marriage, were in full force, and prohibited an Israelite even from marrying a captive, without delays and previous formalities; and if he afterwards divorced her, he was to set here at liberty, "because he had humbled her." # Le 25:44 De 20:14 21:10-14 2Ch 28:8-10 Isa 14:2 * abide. Though the Israelites had acted by the commission of God, yet they had contracted pollution by touching the dead; and the spoil having been used by idolaters, must also be purified in the prescribed manner. # 5:2 19:11-22 1Ch 22:8 * raiment. # 19:14-16,22 Ge 35:2 Ex 19:10 * that is made. Heb. instrument, or, vessel. * See on ch. # 30:16 # 22 * abide. # Isa 43:2 Zec 13:9 Mal 2:2,3 Mt 3:11 1Co 3:13 1Pe 1:7 4:12 # Re 3:18 * it shall be purified. # 8:7 19:9,17 * ye shall make. # Le 11:32 15:17 Eph 5:26 Tit 3:5,6 1Pe 3:21 # 19:19 Le 11:25 14:9 15:13 # 25 * that was taken. Heb. of the captivity. # 26 * two parts. # Jos 22:8 1Sa 30:4,24,25 Ps 68:12 * levy. # Ge 14:20 Jos 6:19,24 2Sa 8:11,12 1Ch 18:11 26:26,27 Pr 3:9,10 # Isa 18:7 23:18 60:9 Mt 22:21 * one soul. # 30,47 18:26 * an heave. # 18:26 Ex 29:27 De 12:12,19 * one portion. See ver. # 42-47 * flocks, or, goats. and give. # 28 18:24-28 1Co 9:13,14 * keep the. # 3:7,8,25,31,36-39 18:1-5,23 1Ch 9:27-29 23:32 26:20-27 # Ac 20:28 1Co 4:2 Col 4:17 Heb 13:17 # 31 * the booty. It appears from the enumeration here, that the Israelites, in this war with the Midianites, took 32,000 female prisoners, 61,000 asses, 72,000 beeves, and 675,000 sheep and small cattle; besides the immense number of males who fell in battle, and the women and children who were slain by the divine command. (ver. 17.) This booty was divided into equal parts, by which partition a far larger share was justly given to the warriors employed on the expedition, who were only 12,000, than to those, who being equally willing to go, were ordered to stay in the camp. Each party was to give a certain proportion to Jehovah, as their sovereign, in grateful acknowledgement that to him they owed their success. The soldiers to give to the Lord one out of every five hundred persons, beeves, asses, and sheep, (ver. 28,) and the people, who by staying at home risked nothing, and had no fatigue, were to give one out of fifty of each of the above to the Levites, who were far more numerous than the priests. (ver. 30.) The booty, its division among the soldiers and people, and the proportion given by each to the Lord and to the Levites, will be seen at one view by the following table:-- Sheep . . . . 675,000 To soldiers . . . 337,500 To God. . . . . . 675 To people . . . . 337,500 To Levites. . . . 6,750 Beeves. . . . 72,000 To soldiers . . . 36,000 To God. . . . . . 72 To people . . . . 36,000 To Levites. . . . 720 Asses . . . . 61,000 To soldiers . . . 30,500 To God. . . . . . 61 To people . . . . 30,500 To Levites. . . . 610 Persons . . . 32,000 To soldiers . . . 16,000 To God. . . . . . 32 To people . . . . 16,000 To Levites. . . . 320 It does not appear that a single ox, sheep, or ass, was required by Moses as his portion; or that there was any given to him by the people; and though he had a family as well as others, yet no provision was made for them above the common lot of Levites! # 32 # 33 # 34 # 35 # 36 # 37 # 38 # 39 # 40 * Eleazar. # 29-31 18:8,19 Mt 10:10 1Co 9:10-14 Ga 6:6 1Ti 5:17 # Heb 7:4-6,9-12 # 42 # 43 # 44 # 45 # 46 * the Levites. # 18:21-24 De 12:17-19 Lu 10:1-8 1Th 5:12,13 * kept the charge. See on ver. # 30 Ps 134:1 Isa 56:10,11 # 48 * charge. Heb. hand. lacketh. # 1Sa 30:18,19 Ps 72:14 Joh 18:9 * therefore brought. The officers of the army having mustered their men, found they had not lost a man in the contest with Midian! Penetrated with gratitude for this most remarkable interposition of Providence in their favour, they now offer to Jehovah the golden jewels which they had found among the spoil, to the amount of 16,750 shekels, equal to £37,869 16s. 5d. of our money. * an oblation. # Ps 107:15,21,22 116:12,17 * gotten. Heb. found. an atonement. # Ex 30:12,15,16 Le 17:11 # 7:2-6 * offering. Heb. heave-offering. # 52 # De 20:14 * a memorial. # 16:40 Ex 30:16 Jos 4:7 Ps 18:49 103:1,2 115:1 145:7 Zec 6:14 # Lu 22:19 Ac 10:4 1 The Reubenites and Gadites sue for their inheritance on the east side of Jordan. 6 Moses reproves them. 16 They offer him conditions with which he is content. 33 Moses assigns them the land. 39 They conquer it. * the children. # 2:10-15 26:5-7,15-18 Ge 29:32 30:10,11 * Jazer. # 3,35 21:32 * Jaazer. # Jos 13:25 2Sa 24:5 Isa 16:8,9 * the place. # 26 Ge 13:2,5,10,11 47:4 Jer 50:19 Mic 7:14 1Jo 2:16 # 2 * Ataroth. # 1,34-38 Jos 13:17 Isa 15:2-4 Jer 48:22,23 * Nimrah. # 36 * Beth-nimrah # Isa 15:6 * Nimrim. Heshbon. # 21:25,26,28 Jud 11:26 Ne 9:22 Isa 15:4 16:8,9 Jer 48:2,34,45 * Shebam. # 38 * Shibmah. # Jos 13:19 Isa 16:8 Jer 48:32 * Sibmah. Beon. # 38 * Baal-meon. # 21:24,34 De 2:24-35 * if we have. # Ge 19:19 Ru 2:10 1Sa 20:3 2Sa 14:22 Es 5:2 Jer 31:2 * bring us. # De 1:37 3:25,26 Jos 7:7 * shall ye sit here. # 2Sa 11:11 1Co 13:5 Php 2:4 * wherefore. # 9 21:4 De 1:28 * discourage. Heb. break. # Ac 21:13 * See on ch. # 13:2-26 14:2 De 1:22,23 Jos 14:6,7 # 13:23-33 14:1-10 De 1:24-28 # 14:11,21,23,29 De 1:34-40 Ps 95:11 Eze 20:15 Heb 3:8-19 * from twenty. # 14:28,29 26:2,64,65 De 1:35 2:14,15 * because. # 14:24,30 Jos 14:8,9 * wholly followed me. Heb. fulfilled after me. * for. # 14:24,30 26:65 De 1:36 Jos 14:8,9 * wander. # 14:33-35 De 2:14 Ps 78:33 * until all. # 26:64 De 2:15 1Co 10:5 Heb 3:16-19 * an increase. # Ge 5:3 8:21 Ne 9:24-26 Job 14:4 Ps 78:57 Isa 1:4 57:4 # Eze 20:21 Mt 23:31-33 Lu 11:48 Ac 7:51,52 * to augment. # De 1:34,35 Ezr 9:13,14 10:10 Ne 13:18 Isa 65:6,7 * if ye turn. # Le 26:14-18 De 28:15-68 30:17-19 Jos 22:16-18 2Ch 7:19-22 # 2Ch 15:2 * he will yet. # 14:30-35 * ye shall. # Jer 38:23 Mt 18:7 Ro 14:15,20,21 1Co 8:11,12 This proposal was very equitable, and it was honestly made and faithfully executed; though it did not imply that all men capable of bearing arms should go, and so leave their families and possessions defenceless, but only a sufficient detachment of them. Among the inhabitants of the land were the Ammonites, Moabites, Idumeans, and the remains of the Midianites and Amorites; and as it was impossible for the women and children to keep the defenced cities, when placed in them, many of the men of war must of course stay behind. In the last census (ch. 26), the tribe of Reuben consisted of 43,730 men; the tribe of Gad 40,500; and the tribe of Manasseh 52,700; the half of which is 26,350; which together amount to 110,580. Now from Jos 4:13, we learn, that of these tribes only 40,000 armed men passed over Jordan to assist their brethren: consequently 70,580 men were left behind for the defence of the women, the children, and the flocks: which was amply sufficient for this purpose. # 34:22 Ge 33:17 # 29-32 De 3:18-20 Jos 4:12,13 # Jos 22:4,5 * we will. # Ge 13:10-12 14:12 2Ki 10:32,33 15:29 1Ch 5:25,26 Pr 20:21 * because. # 33 Jos 12:1-6 13:8 * on this side. # 32 34:15 Jos 1:14,15 # De 3:18-20 Jos 1:13-15 4:12,13 22:2-4 # 21 * land. # De 3:20 Jos 10:30,42 11:23 18:1 Ps 44:1-4 78:55 * ye shall. # Jos 22:4,9 * be guiltless. # Jos 2:19 2Sa 3:28 * this land. # De 3:12-18 Jos 1:15 13:8,29-32 22:9 * if ye will. # Le 26:14-46 De 28:15-68 * be sure your sin. If the persons concerned prevaricated, and so imposed on men, or if they afterwards refused to fulfil their engagement, God would most certainly detect and expose their wickedness, and inflict condign punishment upon them. Of all the ways, says Dr. South, to be taken for the prevention of that great plague of mankind, Sin, there is none so rational and efficacious as to confute and baffle those motives by which men are induced to embrace it; and among all such motives, the heart of man seems to be chiefly overpowered and prevailed upon by two, viz. secrecy in committing sin, and impunity with respect to its consequences. Accordingly, Moses, in this chapter, having to deal with a company of men suspected of a base and fraudulent design, though couched under a very fair pretence, as most such designs are, endeavours to quash it in its very conception, by secretly applying himself to encounter those secret motives and arguments, which he knew were the most likely to encourage them in it. And this he does very briefly, but effectually, by assuring them, that how covertly and artificially soever they might carry on their dark project, yet their sin would infallibly find them out. Though the subject and occasion of these words are indeed particular, yet the design of them is manifestly of an universal import, as reaching the case of all transgressors, in their first entrance on any sinful act or course. # Ge 4:7 44:16 Ps 90:8 139:11 140:11 Pr 13:21 Isa 3:11 # Isa 59:1,2,12 Ro 2:9 1Co 4:5 # 16,34-42 # Jos 1:13,14 # 26 * thy servants. # Jos 4:12 * armed. # 17 2Co 10:4,5 Eph 6:10-18 2Ti 4:7,8 * as my lord. # 11:28 12:11 36:2 # Jos 1:13 * See on ver. # 20-23 # Jos 22:19 # 31 # 32 * Moses. See on ver. # 1 De 3:12-17 29:8 Jos 12:6 13:8-14 22:4 * half the. # 34:14 1Ch 5:18 12:31 26:32 * the kingdom. # 21:23-35 De 2:30-33 3:1-8 Ps 135:10,11 136:18-21 * Dibon. Eusebius says that Dibon was a large town, near the river Arnon. Burckhardt says, that when he was about an hour's distance north of the Modjeb or Arnon, he was shown to the N.E. the ruins of Diban, the ancient Dibon, situated in the low ground of the Koura, or plains of Moab. * See on ver. # 3 21:20 33:45,46 * Aroer. Aroer was situated, according to Eusebius, on a mountain on the north bank of the river Arnon. This is confirmed by Burckhardt, who says it is called Araayr, and is seated on the edge of the precipice, at the foot of which the river flows. # De 2:36 Isa 17:2 * Jaazer. # 1,3 * Jazer * Beth-nimrah. Probably the same as Nimrim in Jer 48:34, and the Bethnabris mentioned by Eusebius, five miles north from Livias. Burckhardt says, that "in the valley of the Jordan, south of Abou Obeida, are the ruins of Nemrim, probably the Beth-nimrah of the Scriptures." * See on ver. # 3 * Nimrah. fenced cities. # 24 * Heshbon. See on ver. # 3 21:27 Isa 15:4 * Eleahleh. Elealeh is placed, by Eusebius, a mile from Heshbon. It is now called El Aal, "the high," and is situated on a hill. * Nebo. # Isa 46:1 * Baal-meon. This town is placed, by Eusebius and Jerome, nine miles from Heshbon, at the foot of mount Abarim. # 22:41 * gave other names unto the cities. Heb. they called by names the names of the cities. # 3 Ge 26:18 Ex 23:13 Jos 23:7 Ps 16:4 Isa 46:1 # 26:29 Ge 50:23 Jos 17:1 # De 3:13-15 Jos 13:29-31 17:1 * Jair. # De 3:14 Jos 13:30 1Ch 2:21-23 * Havoth-jair. # Jud 10:4 1Ki 4:13 # 42 1 The two and forty journeys of the Israelites. 50 The Canaanites are to be destroyed. * with their armies. # Ex 12:37,51 13:18 * under the hand. # Jos 24:5 1Sa 12:8 Ps 77:20 Mic 6:4 * journeys. # 9:17-23 10:6,13 De 1:2 10:11 * they departed. # Ge 47:11 Ex 1:11 12:37 * in the first. # Ex 12:2 13:4 * with an high. # Ex 14:8 Ps 105:38 Isa 52:12 Mic 2:13 * buried. # Ex 12:29,30 Ps 105:36 * upon their gods. # Ex 12:12 18:11 Isa 19:1 Zep 2:11 Re 12:7-9 * removed. # Ex 12:37 * Rameses. This appears to have been the capital of the land of Goshen, and the rendezvous of the Israelites. It is placed by Jerome in the extremity of Egypt, in the Arsenoitic nome. * departed. # Ex 13:20 * Succoth. Supposed to be the Suchæ mentioned by Pliny and the Scenas Mandrorum, in the Antonine Itinerary. The Editor of Calmet places it at Birket el Hadji, or "the Pilgrims' pool," a few miles east of Cairo. * Etham. This was evidently situated towards the north point of the Red sea. Calmet supposes it to be the same as Buthus or Butham, mentioned by Herodotus, who places it in Arabia, on the frontiers of Egypt. * they removed. # 8 Ex 14:2,9 * Baal-zephon. Calmet supposes this to be the Clysma of the Greeks, and the Kolzum of the Arabians. His learned Editor thinks the true situation of Baal-zephon was some miles more northerly than the present Suez. * departed. # Ex 14:21,22-31 15:22-26 * Etham. Called Shur in Exodus; but Dr. Shaw says that Shur is a particular district of the wilderness of Etham. # Ex 15:27 * Elim. # Ex 16:1 17:1 # 11 # 12 # 13 * Rephidim. # Ex 17:1-8 19:2 # Ex 16:1 19:1,2 * they removed. # 10:11-13,33 De 1:6 * Kibroth-hattaavah. That is, the graves of lust. # 11:4,34 # 11:35 * they departed. # 12:16 * Rithmah. Rithmah was a place in the wilderness of Paran, near Kadesh Barnea; probably so called from the great number of juniper trees, as the name signifies, growing in that district. * Rimmon-parez. Probably the same as Rimmon, a city of Judah and Simeon, Jos 15:32, 19:7. # 19 # 20 * Libnah. # De 1:1 * Laban. Rissah. This is supposed, apparently with good reason, by the Editor of Calmet, to be the same with the present El Arish, a village three quarters of a league from the Mediterranean, and the last stage in Syria, on the road to Egypt. # 22 # 23 * Shapher. The Editor of Calmet, who supposes the Israelites to be now in the regular track from Gaza to Egypt, is of opinion that mount Shapher is the ancient name of mount Cassius, Catjeh, or Catié, a huge mole of sand, almost surrounded by the Mediterranean, on which was built a temple to Jupiter Cassius. Thevenot states, that at the village of Catié there is a well of water unpleasant for drinking; but two miles off, another whose water is good after standing a little. # 24 # 25 # 26 # 27 # 28 # 29 * Moseroth. This is supposed by Mr. C. Taylor, to be Ain el Mousa, (probably a corruption of Moseroth) or fountains of Moses, at the head of the western gulf of the Red sea, about seven or eight miles east from Suez, seven or eight days' journey from Gaza, and five or six from Sinai. # De 10:5 * Mosera. * Bene-jaakan. # Ge 36:27 De 10:6 1Ch 1:43 * Hor-hagid-gad. # De 10:7 * Gudgodah. * Jotbathah. Mr. Taylor, who imagines the Israelites to be now in the track of the Mecca pilgrims, supposes Jotbathah, which is described as "a land of brooks of water," to be Callah Nahar, a torrent, said to be good water by Dr. Shaw. # De 10:7 * Jotbath. * Ebronah. Probably at Abiah Ailana, or Sat el Acaba, stations nearer Accaba. # 34 * Ezion-gaber. Dr. Shaw places this port on the western shore of the Elanitic gulf of the Red Sea. He says it is now called Meenah el Dsahab, or the golden port, by the Arabs; because it was from this place that Solomon sent his ships to Ophir. He supposes it to be about sixty miles from Sinai; and it is probable that it was near the present Accaba, i.e., the end (of the sea). # 14:25 De 2:8 1Ki 9:26 22:48 * Ezion-geber. # 2Ch 20:36 * the wilderness of Zin. # 13:21 20:1 27:14 De 32:51 * Kadesh. # 20:22,23 21:4 # 20:24-28 De 10:6 32:50 # 39 * See on ch. # 21:1-3,4-9 # 21:4 * Punon. Called Phainon by Eusebius, who places it between Petra and Zoar. Perhaps it is the present Tafyle, mentioned by Burckhardt. # 42 * pitched in Oboth. # 21:10 * Ije-abarim. or, heaps of Abarim. # 21:11 # 45 * Dibon-gad. # 32:34 Isa 15:2 Jer 48:18 * Almon-diblathaim. # Jer 48:22 * Beth-diblathaim. # Eze 6:14 * Diblath. * the mountains. These mountains were a ridge of rugged hills east of Jordan, and north and west of the Arnon. Nebo, Pisgah, and Peor, were but different names of the hills of which they were composed. Eusebius and Jerome inform us, that some part of them, as one went up to Heshbon, retained the old name of Abarim in their time; and that the part called Nebo was opposite Jericho, not far from the Jordan, six miles west from Heshbon, and seven east from Livias. Dr. Shaw describes them as "an exceeding high ridge of desolate mountains, no otherwise diversified than by a succession of naked rocks and precipices; rendered in some places the more frightful by a multiplicity of torrents, which fall on each side of them. This ridge is continued all along the eastern coast of the Dead sea." Mount Nebo is now called Djebel Attarous; and is described as a barren mountain, the highest point in the neighbourhood, with an uneven plain on the top. Burckhardt, Travels, pp. 369, 370. # 21:20 De 32:49 34:1 * in the plains. See on ch. # 22:1 * Beth-jesimoth. Probably the place called Bethsimath by Eusebius, east of Jordan, and about ten miles south of Jericho. # Jos 13:20 Eze 25:9 * Abel-shittim. or, the plains of Shittim. This place, according to Josephus, (Ant. 1. iv. c. 7, 1. Bell. 1. v. c. 3,) who calls it Abela, was 60 furlongs east of Jordan. # 25:1-9 Ex 25:5,10,23 Jos 2:1 # 48,49 # De 7:1 9:1 Jos 3:17 # Ex 23:24,31-33 34:12-17 De 7:2-5,25,26 12:2,3,30,31 20:16-18 # Jos 11:11,12 23:7 Jud 2:2 # De 32:8 Ps 24:1,2 115:16 Jer 27:5,6 Da 4:17,25,32 Mt 20:15 * ye shall divide. See on ch. # 26:53-56 * give the more inheritance. Heb. multiply his inheritance. # 26:54 * give the less inheritance. Heb. diminish his inheritance in the place. # Jos 15:1-12 16:1-4 17:1-13 18:11-28 19:1-48 * shall be pricks. # Ex 23:33 De 7:4,16 Jos 23:12,13 Jud 1:21-36 2:3 Ps 106:34-36 # Eze 28:24 # Le 18:28 20:23 De 28:63 29:28 Jos 23:15,16 2Ch 36:17-20 # Eze 33:24-29 Lu 21:23,24 1 The borders of the land. 16 The names of the men who shall divide the land. # 1 * is the land. # 33:51-53 Ge 12:6,7 13:15-17 15:16-21 17:8 De 1:7,8 Ps 78:55 # Ps 105:11 Eze 47:14 Ac 17:26 * an inheritance. # Ps 16:5,6 Jer 3:19 Ac 26:18 Eph 1:14,18 1Pe 1:3,4 * south quarter. # Ex 23:31 Jos 15:1-12 Eze 47:13,19-23 * salt sea eastward. The lake Asphaltites, Dead sea, or Salt sea, is, according to the most authentic accounts, about 70 miles in length, and 18 in breadth. Viewing this sea from the spot where the Jordan discharges its waters into it, it takes a south-easterly direction, visible for ten or fifteen miles, when it disappears in a curve towards the east. Its surface is generally unruffled, from the hollow of the basin in which it lies scarcely admitting the free passage necessary for a strong breeze: it is, however, for the same reason, subject to whirlwinds or squalls of short duration. The mountains on each side are apparently separated by a distance of eight miles; but the expanse of water at this point has been supposed not to exceed five or six: as it advances towards the south, it evidently increases in breadth. The acrid saltness of its waters is much greater than that of the sea; and of such specific gravity that bodies will float on it that would sink in common sea-water. It is probably on this account that few fish can live in it; though the monks of St. Saba affirmed to Dr. Shaw, that they had seen fish caught in it. # Ge 14:3 Jos 3:16 15:2 Eze 47:8,18 * Akrabbim. # Jos 15:3 Jud 1:36 * Zin. # 3 13:21 20:1 33:36,37 * Kadesh-barnea. # 13:26 32:8 * Hazar-addar. # Jos 15:3,4 * the river. # Ge 15:18 Jos 15:4,47 1Ki 8:65 Isa 27:12 * the sea. # 6,7 # Jos 1:4 9:1 15:12,47 23:4 Eze 47:10,15,20 * north border. # 3,6,9,10 * mount Hor. # 33:37 * the entrance. # 13:21 Jos 13:5,6 2Sa 8:9 2Ki 14:25 Jer 39:5 Eze 47:15-20 * Hazar-enan. # Eze 47:17 # 10 * Riblah. # 2Ki 23:33 25:6 Jer 39:5,6 52:10,26,27 * side. Heb. shoulder. sea of Chinnereth. # De 3:17 Jos 11:2 * Chinneroth. # Jos 19:35 Mt 14:34 Lu 5:1 * Gennesaret. # Joh 6:1 * Sea of Tiberias. * the salt sea. # 3 Ge 13:10 14:3 19:24-26 * This is the land. # 1 Jos 14:1,2 # 32:23,33 De 3:12-17 Jos 13:8-12 14:2,3 * two tribes. These two tribes inherited the dominions of Sihon and Og, the two vanquished kings of the Amorites, which extended from the Arnon to Mount Hermon. Of those counties, Moses gave to the tribe of Reuben the south-west part, which was bounded on the south by the river Arnon, on the west by Jordan, and on the north and east by the tribe of Gad. The tribe of Gad was bounded by the river Jordan and tribe of Reuben on the west, by the half tribe of Manasseh on the north, by the kingdom of the Amorites and Arabia Deserta on the East, and by the tribe of Reuben on the south. The part belonging to the tribe of Manasseh was bounded by the tribe of Gad on the south, by the sea of Galilee and part of Jordan on the west, by Hermon and Lebanon on the north, and by the mountains of Trachonitis on the east. * on this side Jordan. # 32:32 # 16 * are the names. It is worthy of remark, that Moses does not follow any order hitherto used in arranging the tribes, but places them exactly in the order in which they possessed the land, and according to their fraternal relationship. Judah is first, having the first lot, in the South (Jos ch. 15); and next to him is Simeon, because his inheritance was "within the inheritance of the children of Judah." (Jos 19:1.) Benjamin, the third, had his portion between "Judah and the children of Joseph." (Jos 18:11.) Dan was the fourth, and his lot was westward of Benjamin. (Jos 19:40, 41.) Manasseh and his brother Ephraim had their inheritances behind that of Benjamin. (Jos 16:7.) Next these dwelt Zebulun and Issachar, (Jos 19:10-17;) and then Asher and Naphtali. (Jos 19:24-32.) * Eleazar. # Jos 14:1 19:51 * Joshua. See on ch. # 13:8,16 * See on ch. # 1:4-16 * Caleb. # 13:30 14:6,24,30,38 26:65 # 20 # 21 # 22 # 23 # 24 # 25 # 26 # 27 # 28 # 18 Jos 19:51 1 Eight and forty cities for the Levites, with their suburbs, and measure thereof. 6 Six of them are to be cities of refuge. 9 The laws of murder and manslaughter. 31 No satisfaction for murder. # 22:1 26:63 31:12 33:50 36:13 # Le 25:32,33 Jos 14:3,4 21:2-42 Eze 45:1-8 48:8,22 1Co 9:10-14 # Jos 21:11 2Ch 11:14 Eze 45:2 * thousand cubits. The Septuagint reads [ ] "two thousand cubits," as in the following verse; but this reading is not acknowledged by any other ancient version, except the Coptic, nor by any of the MSS. collated by Kennicott and De Rossi. Various modes have been proposed for reconciling the accounts in these two verses, which appear in general to require full as much explanation as the text itself. The explanation of Maimonides is the only one that is intelligible, and appears perfectly satisfactory. "The suburbs," says he, "of the cities are expressed in the law to be 3,000 cubits on every side, from the wall of the city and outwards. The first 1,000 cubits are the suburbs; and the 2,000, which they measured without the suburbs, were for fields and vineyards." The whole therefore, of the city, suburbs, fields, and vineyards, may be represented by the following diagram:-- ┌───────────────────────────────┐ │ Fields and vineyards. │ │ │ │ ┌────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Suburbs. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ City. │ │ │ │ │ └─────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1,000 Cubits │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ 2,000 Cubits │ └───────────────────────────────┘ # 4 # 5 * six cities for refuge. # 13,14 De 4:41-43 Jos 20:2-9 21:3,13,21,27,32,36,38 Ps 9:9 # Ps 62:7,8 142:4,5 Isa 4:6 Mt 11:28 Heb 6:18 * to them ye shall add. Heb. above them ye shall give. # Jos 21:3-42 1Ch 6:54-81 * possession. # Ge 49:7 Ex 32:28,29 De 33:8-11 Jos 21:3 * from them. # 26:54 33:54 Ex 16:18 2Co 8:13,14 * he inheriteth. Heb. they inherit. # 9 # 34:2 Le 14:34 25:2 De 12:9 19:1,2 * ye shall appoint. As the {goel,} or kinsman, had a right to avenge the death of his relation, by slaying the murderer wherever he found him, the appointment of these cities was a humane institution for the protection of the involuntary homicide; for they were designed only for the protection of such. * See on ver. # 6 Jos 20:2 * unawares. Heb. by error. # 22,23 Ex 21:13 De 4:42 19:4,5 * from the avenger. # 19,25-27 De 19:6 Jos 20:3-6,9 2Sa 14:7 * until he stand. # 24 De 19:11,12 Jos 20:4-6 * six cities. # 6 * three cities. # De 4:41-43 19:8-10 Jos 20:7-9 # 15:16 Ex 12:49 Le 24:22 Ro 3:29 Ga 3:28 * if he smite. # 22-24 De 19:11-13 * the. # 30-33 Ge 9:5,6 Ex 21:12-14 Le 24:17 * throwing a stone. Heb. a stone of the hand. # Ex 21:18 # 18 # 12,21,24,27 De 19:6,12 Jos 20:3,5 * if he thrust. # Ge 4:5,8 2Sa 3:27 13:22,28,29 20:10 1Ki 2:5,6,31-33 Pr 26:24 # Pr 28:17 Lu 4:29 * by laying. # Ex 21:14 De 19:11 1Sa 18:10,11,25 19:9-12 20:1 23:7-9 24:11 # Ps 10:7-10 11:2 35:7,8 57:4-6 Pr 1:18,19 Mr 6:19,24-26 # Ac 20:3 23:21 # 21 # 11 Ex 21:13 De 19:5 Jos 20:3,5 # 23 * See on ver. # 12 Jos 20:6 * abide in it. # 28 Jos 20:6 Ro 3:24-26 Eph 2:16-18 Heb 4:14-16 7:25-28 # Heb 9:12-15 10:19-22 * anointed. # Ex 29:7 Le 4:3 8:12 21:10 After the manslayer had been received into the city of refuge, the avenger of blood could only act as prosecutor; and the magistrates, in the presence of the people, were appointed to decide the cause according to the rules here laid down. Probably the accused person was tried at or near the place where the deceased had been slain, and where evidence could most easily be brought: and in case he was acquitted by the decision of the judges, and with the approbation of the people, he was conveyed back to the city of refuge, where he was protected as a kind of prisoner at large, till the death of the high priest; when the public loss, and the grief occasioned by it, might be supposed to swallow up all personal regrets and resentments: and then he was permitted to return to his house and estate. But if, in the mean while, he ventured to leave the city, and the avenger met him and slew him, he was supposed to merit his doom by thus neglecting the appointment of God for his preservation, and the avenger must not be punished. This shews that in other cases, if the avenger slew an innocent man on surmise, he was liable to the punishment of a murderer; but if, by the testimony of two credible witnesses, the man who had fled to the city of refuge was adjudged guilty, he must without fail be put to death. # 26 * he shall not be guilty of blood. Heb. no blood shall be to him # Ex 22:2 De 19:6,10 * he should. # Joh 15:4-6 Ac 11:23 27:31 Heb 3:14 6:4-8 10:26-30,39 * after the death. # Heb 9:11,12,15-17 * See on ch. # 27:1,11 # De 17:6,7 19:15 Mt 18:16 Joh 8:17,18 2Co 13:1 1Ti 5:19 # Heb 10:28 Re 11:3 * Moreover. # Ge 9:5,6 Ex 21:14 De 19:11-13 2Sa 12:13 1Ki 2:28-34 Ps 51:14 * guilty of death. Heb. faulty to die. # Ac 4:12 Ga 2:21 3:10-13,22 Re 5:9 The region east of Jordan was nearly as long as that on the west, and therefore three cities were appointed in each division. One or other of these cities would be within half a day's journey of every part of the land; and as it would rarely happen that the avenger of blood would be on the spot, and none had a right to assault or detain the manslayer, at least if no malicious intention was manifest, the unhappy men would, therefore, get the start of their adversaries, and very few of them be overtaken before they gained the place of refuge. But then they must forsake their families, employments, most important interests, and dearest comforts; and they must neither loiter nor yield to weariness, nor regard difficulties, nor slacken their pace, till they had got safe within the walls of the city. The Jewish writers inform us, that to afford every facility to those who thus fled for their life, the road to these cities was always preserved in good repair; and way-posts, upon which was inscribed REFUGE were placed wherever needful, that they might not so much as hesitate for a moment. * it defileth. # Le 18:25 De 21:1-8,23 2Ki 23:26 24:4 Ps 106:28 Isa 26:21 # Eze 22:24-27 Ho 4:2,3 Mic 4:11 Mt 23:31-35 Lu 11:50,51 * the land cannot be cleansed. Heb. there can be no expiation for the land. * Defile not. # 5:3 Le 20:24-26 * I dwell. # Ps 135:21 Isa 57:15 Ho 9:3 2Co 6:16,17 Re 21:3,27 * dwell among. # 5:3 Ex 25:8 29:45,46 1Ki 6:13 Ps 132:14 Isa 8:12 1 The inconvenience of the inheritance of daughters is remedied by marrying in their own tribes, 7 lest the inheritance should be removed from the tribe. 10 The daughters of Zelophehad marry their father's brothers' sons. * Gilead. # 26:29-33 27:1 Jos 17:2,3 1Ch 7:14-16 * The Lord commanded. To one division of the tribe of Manasseh, a portion had been assigned eastward of Jordan; but Zelophehad was of that division, to which an inheritance was afterwards allotted west of Jordan; yet, expecting the promised land, the elders of the Manassites now propose a difficulty, upon the adjudged case of Zelophehad's daughters. (ch. 27:1-11.) If the females should inherit, in defect of male issue, and should intermarry with other tribes they would diminish the interest, and weaken the influence of their own tribes, and give occasion to future confusion, and perhaps contention. The Manassites therefore referred the case to Moses; and he, by the authority of God, annexed a clause, which would effectually keep the tribes and inheritances distinct, as long as it was observed. Heiresses were not allowed to marry out of their own tribe, though within those bounds they might consult their own inclinations. # 26:55,56 27:1-7 33:54 Jos 13:6 14:1,2 17:3 * to give. # 27:1,7 Jos 17:3-6 Job 42:15 * whereunto they are received. Heb. unto whom they shall be. # 3 # Le 25:10-18,23 Isa 61:2 Lu 4:18,19 * hath said well. # 27:7 De 5:28 * marry. Heb. be wives. only to the family. # 12 Ge 24:3,57,58 2Co 6:14 * for every one. That is, he shall not endeavour to obtain any part of the inheritance of another tribe by marrying an heiress. * keep himself. Heb. cleave # 9 1Ki 21:3 * every daughter. # 1Ch 23:22 # 9 # Ex 39:42,43 Le 24:23 2Ch 30:12 Mt 28:20 # 27:1 * into the families. Heb. to some that were of the families. # 12 * the commandments. # Le 7:37,38 11:46 13:59 14:54-57 15:32,33 27:34 * in the plains of Moab. # 26:3 33:50 35:1 CONCLUDING REMARKS. Thus terminates the book of Numbers; a book containing a series of the most astonishing providences and events. Every where and in every circumstance God appears; and yet there is no circumstance or occasion which does not justify those signal displays of his grace and mercy; and in every relation we perceive the consistency of the divine intentions, and the propriety of those laws which he established. The Fifth Book of Moses, called Deuteronomy. 1 Moses' speech in the end of the fortieth year; 6 briefly rehearsing the history of God's sending them from Horeb; 14 of giving them officers; 19 of sending the spies to search the land; 34 of his anger for their incredulity; 41 and disobedience. * on this. # Nu 32:5,19,32 34:15 35:14 Jos 9:1,10 22:4,7 * Red sea. or, Zuph. Or rather, Suph. This could not have been the Red Sea, not only because the word {yam,} "sea," is not joined with it as usual, but because they were now east of Jordan, and farther from the Red Sea than ever. It seems to be the same which is called {Suphah} in Nu 21:14; which must necessarily signify some place in or adjoining to the plains of Moab, and not far from the Jordan and Arnon. Ptolemy mentions a people called Sophonites that dwelt in Arabia Petræa, who may have taken their name from this place. * Paran. Paran, Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Dizahab, seem to have been either places or cities not far from the plains of Moab; for it is evident that Paran and Hazeroth could not have been those near the Red sea, and not far from Horeb. # 33:2 Ge 21:21 Nu 10:12 12:16 13:3,26 1Sa 25:1 Hab 3:3 * Hazeroth. # Nu 11:35 33:17,18 * by the way. # 44 2:4,8 Nu 20:17-21 * unto. # Le 2:14 9:23 Nu 13:26 32:8 Jos 14:6 # Nu 20:1 33:38 # 2:26-37 3:1-11 Nu 21:21-35 Jos 12:2-6 13:10-12 Ne 9:22 # Ps 135:11 136:19,20 * to declare. # 4:8 17:18,19 31:9 32:46 * in Horeb. # 5:2 Ex 3:1 17:6 * Ye have. # Ex 19:1,2 Nu 10:11-13 * the mount. # Ge 15:16-21 Ex 23:31 Nu 34:3-12 Jos 24:15 Am 2:9 * all the places. Heb. all his neighbours. in the plain. # 11:11 Jos 10:40 11:16,17 * the great. # 11:24 Jos 1:4 2Sa 8:3 1Ch 5:9 18:3 * set. Heb. given. which. # Ge 12:7 13:14,15 15:16,18 17:7,8 22:16-18 26:3,4 28:13,14 * I am not. # Ex 18:18 Nu 11:11-14,17 * your God. # 10:22 28:62 Ge 15:5 22:17 28:14 Ex 12:37 32:13 Nu 1:46 # 1Ch 27:23 Ne 9:23 * ye are this day. This was the promise made by God to Abraham, (Ge 15:5, 6,) which Moses considers now as amply fulfilled. Many suppose the expression to be hyperbolical; and others, no friends to revelation, think it a vain, empty boast, because the stars, in their apprehension, amount to innumerable millions. But, as this refers to the number of stars that appear to the naked eye, which only amount to about 3,010 in both hemispheres, the number of the Israelites far exceeded this; for independently of women and children, at the last census, they amounted to more than 600,000. * make you. # 2Sa 24:3 1Ch 21:3 Ps 115:14 * and bless you. # Ge 15:5 22:17 26:4 49:25 Ex 32:13 Nu 6:27 22:12 # 9 Ex 18:13-16 Nu 11:11-15 1Ki 3:7-9 Ps 89:19 2Co 2:16 3:5 * Take. Heb. Give. # Ex 18:21 Nu 11:16,17 Ac 1:21-23 6:2-6 # 14 * I took. # 16:18 Ex 18:25,26 * made. Heb. gave. # Eph 4:11 * captains over thousands. # Nu 31:14 1Sa 8:12 17:18 22:7 * charged. # 27:11 31:14 Nu 27:19 1Th 2:11 1Ti 5:21 6:17 * Hear. # 16:18,19 Ex 23:2,3,7,8 Le 19:15 2Sa 23:3 2Ch 19:6-10 Ps 58:1 # Joh 7:24 * the stranger. # 10:18,19 24:14 Ex 22:21 23:9 Le 24:22 * shall not. # 10:17 16:19 Le 19:15 1Sa 16:7 2Sa 14:14 Pr 24:23 Lu 20:21 # Ac 10:34,35 Ro 2:11 Eph 6:9 Col 3:25 Jas 2:1,3,9 1Pe 1:17 * respect persons. Heb. acknowledge faces. That is, let not the bold, daring countenances of the rich or mighty induce you to give an unrighteous decision; and let not the abject look of the poor man induce you either to favour him in an unrighteous cause, or to give judgment against him at the demand of the oppressor. * ye shall hear. # Ex 23:3,6,7 1Sa 12:3,4 Job 22:6-9 29:11-17 31:13-16 Ps 82:3,4 # Pr 22:22,23 Jer 5:28,29 Am 5:11,12 Mic 2:1-3 3:1-4 7:3,4 # Jas 2:2-4,5 * ye shall not. # 1Ki 21:8-14 Job 31:34 Pr 29:25 Jer 1:17 Mt 22:16 Mr 12:14 # 1Th 2:4 * the judgment. # 2Ch 19:6 * the cause. # 17:8-10 Ex 18:18,22,26 # 4:5,40 12:28,32 Mt 28:20 Ac 20:20,27 * through. # 8:15 32:10 Nu 10:12 Jer 2:6 * we came. See on ver. # 2 Nu 13:26 * the mountain. See on ver. # 7,8 * fear not. # 20:1 Nu 13:30 14:8,9 Jos 1:9 Ps 27:1-3 46:1,7,11 Isa 41:10 # Isa 43:1,2 Lu 12:32 Heb 13:6 * We will send. The people proposed this measure through unbelief; Moses, mistaking their motive, approved of it; and God, being justly displeased, permitted them to follow their own counsel, which proved injurious to them only through their sin and folly. * See on # Nu 13:1-20 # Nu 13:3-33 * See on # Nu 13:21-27 Jos 2:1,2 # 25 # Nu 14:1-4 Ps 106:24,25 Isa 63:10 Ac 7:51 * The Lord hated us. # 9:28 Ex 16:3,8 Nu 14:3 21:5 Mt 25:24 Lu 19:21 * discouraged. Heb. melted. # 20:8 *marg: # Ex 15:15 Jos 2:9,11,24 *marg: # Jos 14:8 Isa 13:7 Eze 21:7 * The people. # 9:1,2 Nu 13:28-33 * walled. That is, with very high walls, which could not be easily scaled. Harmer says, high walls are still to be seen in Arabia, and are deemed a sufficient defence against the Arabs, who scarcely ever attempt to plunder except on horseback. The monastery on Mount Sinai, and the convent of St. Anthony in Egypt, are surrounded with a very high wall, without gates; the persons and things being taken up and let down through an opening in the upper part, by means of a pulley and a basket. This kind of walling is a sufficient defence. * we have seen. # 9:2 Jos 11:22 15:14 Jud 1:10,20 2Sa 21:16-22 * See on ver. # 21 * he shall. # 20:1-4 Ex 14:14,25 Jos 10:42 1Sa 17:45,46 2Ch 14:11,12 32:8 # Ne 4:20 Ps 46:11 Isa 8:9,10 Ro 8:31,37 * according. # Ex 7:1-25 15:1-27 Ps 78:11-13,43-51 105:27-36 * in the wilderness. # Ex 16:1-17:16 Ne 9:12-23 Ps 78:14-28 105:39-41 * bare thee. # 32:11,12 Ex 19:4 Nu 11:11,12,14 Isa 40:11 46:3,4 63:9 # Ho 11:3,4 Ac 13:18 *marg: # 2Ch 20:20 Ps 78:22 106:24 Isa 7:9 Heb 3:12,18,19 Jude 1:5 * Who went. # Ex 13:21 Nu 10:33 Ps 77:20 Eze 20:6 * in fire. # Ex 13:21,22 14:19,20,24 40:34-38 Nu 9:15-22 10:11,12 14:14 # Ne 9:12 Ps 78:14 105:39 Isa 4:5,6 Zec 2:5 * and sware. # 2:14,15 Nu 14:22-30 32:8-13 Ps 95:11 Eze 20:15 Heb 3:8-11 # 35 * Caleb. # Nu 13:6,30 26:65 32:12 34:19 Jos 14:6-14 Jud 1:12-15 * wholly followed. Heb. fulfilled to go after. # Nu 14:24 # 3:23-26 4:21 34:4 Nu 20:12 27:13,14 Ps 106:32,33 * Joshua. See on # Nu 13:8,16 14:30,38 26:65 * which standeth. # Ex 17:9-14 24:13 33:11 1Sa 16:22 Pr 22:29 * encourage him. # 3:28 31:7,8,14,23 Nu 27:18-23 Jos 1:1,6-9 * your little. # Nu 14:3,31 * which in. # Isa 7:15,16 Jon 4:11 Ro 9:11 Eph 2:3 * See on # Nu 14:25 * We have sinned. See on # Nu 14:39,40-45 22:34 Pr 19:3 * Go not up. # Nu 14:41,42 * for I am not. # Le 26:17 Jos 7:8-13 1Sa 4:2,10 Isa 30:17 59:1,2 Ho 9:12 * but rebelled. # Isa 63:10 Ac 7:51 Ro 8:7,8 * went presumptuously up. Heb. ye were presumptuous and went up. # Nu 14:44 * chased you. When bees are provoked or disturbed, the whole swarm attack and pursue whatever annoys them, with great courage and fury, and sometimes are a most formidable enemy. They were so troublesome in some districts of Crete, that, according to Pliny, the inhabitants were actually compelled to forsake their homes. Ælian reports, that some places in Scythia were formerly inaccessible on account of the numerous swarms of bees with which they were infested. Mr. Park relates, that some of his associates imprudently attempted to rob a numerous hive which they found in their way. The exasperated little animals rushed out to defend their property, and attacked them with so much fury, that they quickly compelled the whole company of men, horses, and asses, to scamper off in all directions, The horses were never recovered, and a number of the asses were so severely stung, that they died the next day. # 28:25 32:30 Ps 118:12 Isa 7:18 * unto Hormah. # Nu 14:45 21:3 # Ps 78:34 Heb 12:17 # Nu 14:25,34 20:1,22 Jud 11:16,17 1 The story is continued, that they were not to meddle with the Edomites; 9 nor with the Moabites; 16 nor with the Ammonites; 24 but Sihon the Amorite was subdued by them. * we turned. # 1:40 Nu 14:25 * we compassed. # 1:2 Nu 21:4 Jud 11:18 # 2 * long enough. # 7,14 1:6 * Ye are to pass. # 23:7 Nu 20:14-21 Ob 1:10-13 * they shall. # Ex 15:15 Nu 22:3,4 24:14-18 * take ye. # Mt 5:16 Lu 12:15 Eph 5:15 Php 2:15 Col 4:5 * no, not so much as a foot breadth. Heb. even to the treading of the sole of the foot. # Ac 7:5 * because. # 32:8 Ge 36:8 Jos 24:4 2Ch 20:10-12 Jer 27:5 Da 4:25,32 # Ac 17:26 # 28,29 Nu 20:19 Mt 7:12 Ro 12:17 2Th 3:7,8 * blessed. # Ge 12:2 24:35 26:12 30:27 39:5 Ps 90:17 * he knoweth. # Job 23:10 Ps 1:6 31:7 Joh 10:27 * these forty. # 8:2-4 29:5 Ne 9:21 Lu 22:35 * And when. # Nu 20:20,21 Jud 11:18 * Elath. # 1Ki 9:26 * Eloth. # 2Ki 14:22 16:6 * Distress not the Moabites. or, Use no hostility against Moab. # Nu 22:4 Jud 11:17 2Ch 20:10 * Ar. Ar was situated south of the Arnon; and was called by the Greek writers Areopolis, and thought by them to be so named because the inhabitants worshipped [ ,] or Mars. St. Jerome says that it was destroyed by an earthquake when he was an infant. Burckhardt supposes that the ruins of a small castle called Mehatet el Hadj, may be the site of this ancient city. # 5 Nu 21:15,28 * the children. # 19 Ge 19:36,37 Ps 83:8 All the nations here mentioned appear to have been the posterity of Ham, who lay under the prophetical curse of Noah, which was thus executed upon this part of them by the Moabites and Edomites. # 11 Ge 14:5 * as the Anakims. See on ch. # 1:28 9:2 Nu 13:22,28,33 * Horims. # 22 Ge 14:6 36:20-30 1Ch 1:38-42 * succeeded them. Heb. inherited them. # Ge 36:31-43 1Ch 1:43-54 * stead. or, room. as Israel did. Israel had, at the time when Moses spake this, conquered Sihon and Og, and taken possession of their countries, as Edom had done to the Horims. # 22,32-37 3:1-11 Ge 36:20 Nu 21:21-35 * brook. or, valley. # Nu 13:23 *marg: * Zered. The brook or torrent Zered, takes its rise in the mountains of Moab, and, running from east to west, falls into the Dead Sea. It seems to be the stream which Burckhardt calls Wady Beni Hammad, south of the Modjeb or Arnon, and about five hours north of Kerek. # Nu 21:12 * Zared. * Kadesh-barnea. # 1:2,19,46 Nu 13:26 * until all the generation. # 1:34,35 Nu 14:28-35 26:64,65 32:11 Ps 90:3,9 95:11 Eze 20:15 # Heb 3:8-19 Jude 1:5 * the hand of the. # Jud 2:15 1Sa 5:6,9,11 7:13 Ps 32:4 78:33 90:7-9 106:26 # Isa 66:14 1Co 10:5 # 16 # 17 * See on # Nu 21:15,23 Isa 15:1 * See on ver. # 5,9 Ge 19:36-38 Jud 11:13-27 2Ch 20:10 * Zamzummims. # Ge 14:5 * Zuzims. * great. See on ver. # 10,11 1:28 3:11 * but the Lord. These fragments of ancient history seem to be introduced to encourage the Israelites. If the Lord destroyed these gigantic people before the posterity of Lot and of Esau, what cause had the posterity of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, his chosen servants and friends, to fear the Anakims, or the Canaanites? especially as Israel acted by commission from God, and had his promise as their security of success, and the pledge of it in his presence, and the wonders which he had already wrought for them; and as they were the only nation of worshippers of the Lord, in the ordinances of his institution, which could be found on earth. This is so often repeated to possess the minds of the Israelites with a sense of God's providence, which rules every where; displacing one people, and placing another in their stead; and fixing their bounds also, which they cannot pass without his leave. # 22 Jud 11:24 Jer 27:7,8 Hab 1:10,11 * Esau. # Ge 36:8 * the Horims. # 12 Ge 14:6 36:20-30 1Ch 1:38-42 * the Avims. # Jos 13:3 * Avites. Azzah. # 1Ki 4:24 Jer 25:20 Zep 2:4 Zec 9:5 * Gaza. the Caphtorims which came. # Ge 10:14 Jer 47:4 Am 9:7 Ac 17:26 * the river Arnon. # 36 Nu 21:13-15 Jud 11:18-21 * behold. # Jos 6:16 2Ch 36:23 Ezr 1:2 Jer 27:5 Eze 29:20 Da 2:38 4:17 * begin to possess it. Heb. begin, possess. # 11:25 28:10 Ex 15:14-16 23:27 Jos 2:9-12 9:24 2Ki 7:6,7 # Ps 105:38 Jer 33:9 Re 3:9 * Kedemoth. # Jos 13:18 21:37 * with words. # 20:10,11 Es 9:30 Mt 10:12-15 Lu 10:5,6,10-12 # 6 Nu 21:21-23 Jud 11:19 * only I will pass. # Nu 20:19 * As the children. It appears to have been only the Edomites of Kadesh-barnea, south of Canaan, who denied the Israelites a passage; for those of mount Seir, now called Shera, are here expressly said to have granted it them: and this, in fact, was the very road by which they arrived at Canaan. # 23:3,4 Nu 20:18 Jud 11:17,18 * into the land. # 4:1,21,40 5:16 9:6 25:15 Ex 20:12 Jos 1:11-15 * for the Lord. See on # Ex 4:21 11:10 Nu 21:23 Jos 11:19,20 Jud 11:20 Ro 9:17-23 * obstinate. # Isa 48:4 * give Sihon. See on ver. # 24 1:8 # Nu 21:23-30 Jud 11:20-23 Ne 9:22 Ps 120:7 135:11 136:19 * the Lord. # 3:2,3 7:2 20:16 Ge 14:20 Jos 21:44 Jud 1:4 7:2 * we smote. # 29:7,8 Nu 21:24 Jos 10:30-42 * utterly destroyed. # 7:2,26 20:16-18 Le 27:28,29 Nu 21:2,3 Jos 7:11 8:25,26 9:24 # Jos 11:14 1Sa 15:3,8,9 * the men, and the women, and the little ones of every city. Heb. every city of men, and women, and little ones. # 20:14 Nu 31:9-11 Jos 8:27 * Aroer. # 3:12 4:48 Jos 13:9 Isa 17:2 Jer 48:19 * not. # Jos 1:5 Ps 44:3 Isa 41:15,16 Ro 8:31 * unto the land. # 5,9,19 3:16 Jud 11:15 * Jabbok. # Ge 32:22 Nu 21:24 Jos 12:2 1 The conquest of Og, king of Bashan. 11 The size of his bed. 12 The distribution of his lands to the two tribes and half. 23 Moses prays to enter into the land. 26 He is permitted to see it. * Bashan. Bashan, one of the most fertile districts of the Holy Land, was bounded on the west by the Jordan and lake of Gennesareth, on the east by Trachonitis, on the south by the brook Jabbok, and on the north by mount Hermon; and seems to have been composed of two or three districts, on the south the land of Gilead, on the north the region of Argob, and east of both, the plain of Hauran. (See ver. 13-15.) The scenery of this elevated tract is described by Mr. Buckingham as extremely beautiful: its plains covered with a fertile soil; its hills covered with forests, and at every new turn presenting the most beautiful landscapes that can be imagined. * Og. # 1:4 4:47 29:7 31:4 Nu 21:33-35 Jos 9:10 12:4 13:30 1Ki 4:19 # Ne 9:22 Ps 135:10,11 136:20 * Edrei. This town is placed by Eusebius about 25 miles northward from Bostri; and mentioned by Burckhardt under the name of Draa. * Fear. # 11 20:3 Nu 14:9 2Ch 20:17 Isa 41:10 43:5 Ac 18:9 27:24 # Re 2:10 * as thou didst. # 2:24-37 Nu 21:23-25 # 2:33,34 Nu 21:35 Jos 13:12,30 * all his cities. # Nu 32:33-42 Jos 12:4 13:30,31 * all the region. # 1Ki 4:13 # 1:28 Nu 13:28 Heb 11:30 * we utterly. # 2:34 20:16-18 Le 27:28,29 Nu 21:2 Jos 11:14 * as we did. # 2 2:24,34 Ps 135:10-12 136:19-21 # 2:35 Jos 8:27 11:11-14 * the land. # Nu 32:33-42 Jos 12:2-6 13:9-12 * Hermon. Mount Hermon is the south-eastern branch of Lebanon, beyond Jordan. The Chaldee Targumist, who places it at Cæsarea and Samaritan interpreter call it {toor talga,} "the mountain of snow," because of its being always covered with snow; and Jerome informs us, that it lies higher than Paneas or Cæsarea Philippi, and that in the summer time snow used to be carried from thence to Tyre. It is now call El Heish, and is comprised in the district of Kanneytra. # 4:48,49 Ps 29:6 89:12 133:3 So 4:8 * Shenir. # 1Ch 5:23 Eze 27:5 * Senir. * the cities. # 4:49 * Edrei. # Nu 21:33 Jos 12:4,5 13:11,12,31 * giants. # Ge 14:5 * Rabbath. # 2Sa 12:26 Jer 49:2 Eze 21:20 Am 1:14 * Rabbah. nine cubits. # 1Sa 17:4 Am 2:9 * from Aroer. # 2:36 4:48 Nu 32:33-38 Jos 12:2-6 13:8-12,14-28 2Ki 10:33 * the rest. # Nu 32:39-42 Jos 13:29-32 1Ch 5:23-26 * which was called. Michaelis says, "The tradition that giants formerly dwelt in this part, still remains in Arabia, only that it makes them rather taller than Moses does Og, and calls the land in which they lived, not Bashan, but Hadrach, which name occurs in Zec 9:1. I received this information from the verbal communication of a credible Arab, who was born on the other side of Jordan, about three-days journey from Damascus." * Jair. # 1Ch 2:21-23 * Argob. See on ver. # 4 * Geshuri. # Jos 13:13 2Sa 3:3 10:6 13:37 * Bashan-havoth-jair. # Nu 32:41 * Machir. # Ge 50:23 Nu 26:29 32:39,40 Jos 17:1-3 22:7 * Reubenites. # Nu 32:33-38 2Sa 24:5 * river Jabbok. # 2:37 Ge 32:22 Nu 21:24 Jos 12:2,3 * Chinnereth. See on # Nu 34:11 Jos 12:3 * the sea. # 4:49 Ge 13:10 14:3 19:28,29 Nu 34:11,12 Jos 3:16 12:3 15:2,5 # Jos 18:19 * Ashdoth-pisgah. or, the springs of Pisgah, or, the hill. # Nu 23:14 * I commanded. # Nu 32:20-24 Jos 1:12-15 4:12,13 22:1-9 * meet for the war. Heb. sons of power. # 19 * return. # Jos 22:4,8 * I commanded. # Nu 27:18-23 * so shall. # Jos 10:25 1Sa 17:36,37 Ps 9:10 2Co 1:10 12:10 Eph 3:20 # 2Ti 4:17,18 * shall not. # Isa 43:1,2 * for the Lord. # 1:30 20:4 Ex 14:14 Nu 21:34 Jos 10:42 2Ch 13:12 20:17,29 # Ps 44:3 # 2Co 12:8,9 * thy greatness. # 11:2 Ne 9:32 Ps 106:2 145:3,6 Jer 32:18-21 * what God. # Ex 15:11 2Sa 7:22 Ps 35:10 71:19 86:8 89:6,8 Isa 40:18,25 # Jer 10:6 Da 3:29 * the good land. # 4:21,22 11:11,12 Ex 3:8 Nu 32:5 Eze 20:6 * Lebanon. Lebanon is a long chain of limestone mountains, extending from near the coast of the Mediterranean on the west to the plains of Damascus on the east, and forming the extreme northern boundary of the Holy Land. It is divided into two principal ridges, running parallel to each other in a north-north-east direction; the most westerly of which was properly called Libanus, and the easterly Anti-Libanus: the Hebrews did not make this distinction. It is computed to be fifteen or sixteen hundred fathoms in height. They are by no means barren, but are almost all well cultivated and well peopled; their summits being in many parts level, and forming extensive plains, in which are sown corn and all kinds of pulse. Vineyards, and plantations of olive, mulberry, and fig trees, are also cultivated in terraces formed by walls; and the soil of the declivities and hollows is most excellent, and produces abundance of corn, oil, and wine. * the Lord. # 1:37 31:2 32:51,52 34:4 Nu 20:7-12 27:12-14 Ps 106:32,33 # Isa 53:5,6 Mt 26:39 * Let it. # 1Ch 17:4,12,13 22:7-9 28:2-4 Mt 20:22 2Co 12:8 * thee up. # 34:1-4 Nu 27:12 * Pisgah. or, the hill. # 17 * lift up. # Ge 13:14,15 * charge Joshua. # 1:38 31:3,7,23 Nu 27:18-23 1Ch 22:6,11-16 28:9,10,20 1Ti 6:13 # 1Ti 6:14 2Ti 2:1-3 4:1-6 * for he shall. # Jos 1:2 3:7-17 Joh 1:17 Ac 7:45 Heb 4:8 * Jesus. # 4:3,46 34:6 Nu 25:3 33:48,49 1 An exhortation to obedience. 41 Moses appoints the three cities of refuge on that side of Jordan. 44 Recapitulation. * unto the statutes. Statutes, every thing that concerned morals and the rites and ceremonies of religion; judgments, all matters of civil right and wrong. # 8,45 5:1 6:1,2 8:1 11:1,32 Le 19:37 20:8 22:31 Ps 105:45 # Ps 119:4 Eze 11:20 36:27 37:24 Mt 28:20 Lu 1:6 Joh 15:14 * that ye may. # Le 18:5 Eze 20:11,21 Ro 10:5 # 12:32 Jos 1:7 Pr 30:6 Ec 12:13 Mt 5:18,43 15:2-9 Mr 7:1-13 # Ga 3:15 Re 22:18,19 * what the. # Nu 25:1-9 31:16 Jos 22:17 Ps 106:28,29 Ho 9:10 * for all the men. It appears from this appeal, that the pestilence, as well as the sword of the magistrates, singled out the guilty persons and spared the rest. (Ps 91:6-8). The legislator, in order to deter the Jews from idolatry, alludes to this fact, but he notices no circumstance but one, which, though in the original narrative was not stated, was infinitely the most important to advert to on this occasion; but which no persons, but spectators of the fact, and perfectly acquainted with every individual concerned in it, could possibly feel the truth of. # Nu 26:64 # 10:20 13:4 Jos 22:5 23:8 Ru 1:14-17 Ps 63:8 143:6-11 # Isa 26:20 Eze 9:4 Joh 6:67-69 Ac 11:23 Ro 12:9 Re 14:4 20:4 # 1 Pr 22:19,20 Mt 28:20 Ac 20:27 1Co 11:28 15:3 1Th 4:1,2 # Heb 3:5 The people had been often ready to conclude that Moses taught them by his own authority; but at the close of his life he solemnly assured them that he had instructed them exactly as the Lord had commanded him, neither more, nor less, nor otherwise. This is a most express declaration that he was divinely inspired, and utterly incompatible with his integrity of character, if he was not. Scott. * this is your. # Job 28:28 Ps 19:7 111:10 119:98-100 Pr 1:7 14:8 Jer 8:9 # 2Ti 3:15 Jas 3:13 * Surely. # 1Ki 4:34 10:6-9 Ps 119:99 Da 1:20 4:9 5:11-16 Zec 8:20-23 # Mal 3:12 * what nation. # Nu 23:9,21 2Sa 7:23 Isa 43:4 * who hath. # 5:26 Ps 46:1 73:28 145:18 148:14 Isa 55:6 Eph 2:12-22 Jas 4:8 # 10:12,13 Ps 19:7-11 119:86,96,127,128 147:19,20 Ro 7:12-14 # 2Ti 3:16,17 * keep thy soul. # 15,23 Pr 3:1,3 4:20-23 Lu 8:18 Heb 2:3 Jas 2:22 * lest they. # Jos 1:18 Ps 119:11 Pr 3:1-3,21 4:4 7:1 Heb 2:1 Re 3:3 * teach them. # 6:7 11:19 29:29 31:19 Ge 18:19 Ex 13:8,9,14-16 Jos 4:6,7,21 # Ps 34:11-16 71:18 78:3-8 Pr 1:8 4:1-13 23:26 Isa 38:19 # Eph 6:4 * the day. # 5:2 Ex 19:9,16 20:18 Heb 12:18,19,25 * fear me. # 5:29 Ex 20:20 1Sa 12:24 Ec 12:13 Lu 1:50 Re 19:5 * stood. # 5:23 Ex 19:16-18 20:18,19 * midst. Heb. heart. * the Lord. # 5:4,22 * no similitude. # 15 Nu 12:8 Isa 40:18 Col 1:15 * only ye heard a voice. Heb. save a voice. # 33,36 Ex 20:22 1Ki 19:12,13 Isa 30:21 40:3,6 Mt 3:3,17 17:5 # Joh 12:28-30 2Pe 1:17,18 * And he. # 5:1-21 Ex 19:5 24:17,18 Heb 9:19,20 * ten. # 10:4 Ex 34:28 * he wrote. # 9:9-11 10:1-5 Ex 24:12 31:18 34:28 2Co 3:7 Heb 9:4 # Eze 21:1-23:49 Ps 105:44,45 * Take ye. See on ver. # 9,23 Jos 23:11 1Ch 28:9,10 Ps 119:9 Pr 4:23,27 Jer 17:21 # Mal 2:15 * of similitude. See on ver. # 12 Isa 40:18 2Co 4:4-6 Heb 1:3 * corrupt. # 8,9 Ex 20:4,5 32:7 Ps 106:19,20 Ro 1:22-24 * the likeness. Such as Baal-peor, the Roman Priapus; Ashtaroth or Astarte, the Greek and Roman Venus, and many others. # 23 Isa 40:18 Joh 4:24 Ac 17:29 20:4,5 1Ti 1:17 In these verses there is an evident allusion to the idolatrous worship in Egypt. Among the Egyptians, almost everything in nature was the object of their idolatry; among beasts were oxen, heifers, sheep, goats, lions, dogs, monkeys, and cats; among birds, the ibis, crane, and hawk; among reptiles, the crocodile, serpents, frogs, flies, and beetles; all the fish of the Nile, and the Nile itself; besides the sun, moon, planets, stars, fire, light, air, darkness, and night. These are all included in the very circumstantial prohibition in the text, and very forcibly in the general terms of Ex 20:4, the reason of which prohibition becomes self-evident, when the various objects of Egyptian idolatry are considered. # Ro 1:23 # 18 * when thou. # 17:3 2Ki 23:4,5,11 Job 31:26,27 Jer 8:2 Eze 8:16 Am 5:25,26 * the host. # Ge 2:1 2Ki 17:16 21:3 Jer 19:13 Zep 1:5 Ac 7:42 Ro 1:25 * which the Lord. # Ge 1:16-18 Jos 10:12,13 Ne 9:6 Ps 74:16,17 136:7-9 148:3-5 # Jer 31:35 33:25 Mt 5:45 * divided. or, imparted. * the iron. # 1Ki 8:51 Jer 11:4 * a people. # 9:26,29 32:9 Ex 19:5,6 Ps 28:9 33:12 135:4 Isa 63:17,18 # Eph 1:18 Tit 2:14 1Pe 2:9 * See on ch. # 1:37 3:26 31:2 Nu 20:12 Ps 106:32,33 # 3:25,27 1Ki 13:21,22 Am 3:2 Heb 12:6-10 2Pe 1:13-15 * heed. See on ver. # 9,15,16 27:9 Jos 23:11 Mt 24:4 Lu 12:15 21:8 Heb 3:12 * lest ye forget. # 6:12 29:25 31:20 Jos 23:16 1Ch 16:15 Isa 24:5 Jer 31:22 # Eze 16:59 * make you. See on ver. # 16 Ex 20:4,5 * thy God. # 9:3 32:22 Ex 24:17 Ps 21:9 Isa 30:33 33:14 Jer 21:12-14 # Na 1:6 Zep 1:18 Heb 12:29 * a jealous God. # 6:15 29:20 32:16,21 Ex 20:5 34:14 Ps 78:58 Isa 42:8 Na 1:2 # Zep 3:8 1Co 10:22 * beget. # 31:16-18 Jud 2:8-15 * corrupt. See on ver. # 16 31:29 Ex 32:7 Ho 9:9 * do evil. # 2Ki 17:17-19 21:2,14-16 2Ch 36:12-16 1Co 10:22 * I call heaven. A most solemn method of adjuration, in use among all the nations in the world; God and man being called upon to bear testimony to the truth of what was spoken, that if there was any flaw or insincerity it might be detected, and if any crime, it might not go unpunished. Such appeals to God shew at once the origin and use of oaths. # 30:18,19 31:28 32:1 Isa 1:2 Jer 2:12 6:19 22:29 Eze 36:4 # Mic 1:2 6:2 * ye shall. # 29:28 Le 18:28 26:31-35 Jos 23:16 Isa 6:11 24:1-3 Jer 44:22 # Eze 33:28 Lu 21:24 # 28:62-64 Ne 1:3,8,9 Eze 12:15 32:26 * ye shall. # 28:36,64 1Sa 26:19 Jer 16:13 Eze 20:32,39 Ac 7:42 * neither see. # Ps 115:4-7 135:15,16 Isa 44:9 45:20 46:7 Jer 10:3,9 * But if. # 30:10 Le 26:39-42 2Ch 15:4,15 Ne 1:9 Isa 55:6,7 Jer 3:12-14 # Jer 29:12-14 * with all. # 30:1-3 1Ki 8:47,48 2Ki 10:31 23:3 2Ch 15:12 31:21 Ps 119:2,10 # Ps 119:58,145 Jer 3:10 Joe 2:12 * all these. # 1Ki 8:46-53 2Ch 6:36-39 Da 9:11-19 * are come upon thee. Heb. have found thee. # 31:17 Ex 18:8 *marg: * in the latter. # 31:29 Ge 49:1 Nu 24:20 Jer 23:20 Da 10:14 Ho 3:5 Heb 1:2 * if thou. # 30:10 La 3:40 Ho 14:2,3 Joe 2:12,13 Ac 3:19 26:20 * obedient. # Isa 1:19 Jer 7:23 Zec 6:15 Heb 5:9 * the Lord. # Ex 34:6,7 Nu 14:18 2Ch 30:9 Ne 1:5 9:31 Ps 86:5,15 116:5 # Ps 145:8,9 Jon 4:2 Mic 7:18 * forget. # Le 26:42,45 Ps 105:8 111:5,9 Jer 14:21 Lu 1:72 * ask now. # Job 8:8 Ps 44:1 Joe 1:2 * from the one. # 30:4 Mt 24:31 Mr 13:27 # 24-26 9:10 Ex 19:18,19 20:18,19 24:11 33:20 Jud 6:22 * take him. # Ex 1:9 3:10,17-20 * temptations. # 7:19 29:3 Ex 9:20,21 10:7 * by signs. # Ex 7:3 Ps 78:12,48-53 * by a mighty. # 5:15 6:21 7:8,9 Ex 6:6 13:3 1Pe 5:6 * and by great. # 26:8 34:12 Ex 12:30-33 * know. # 1Sa 17:45-47 1Ki 18:36,37 2Ki 19:19 Ps 58:11 83:18 * none else. # 32:23 Ex 15:11 1Sa 2:2 Isa 44:6,8 45:5,18,22 Mr 12:29,32 # 1Jo 5:20,21 # 33 Ex 19:9,19 20:18-22 24:16 Ne 9:13 Heb 12:18,25 * because. # 7:7-9 9:5 10:15 Ps 105:6-10 Isa 41:8,9 Jer 31:1 Mal 1:2 # Lu 1:72,73 Ro 9:5 * and brought. # Ex 13:3,9,14 * in his sight. # 2Ch 16:9 Ps 32:8 34:15 * with his. See on ver. # 34 Ps 114:1-6 136:10-15 Isa 51:9-11 63:11,12 * drive. # 7:1 9:1-5 11:23 Ex 23:27,28 Jos 3:10 Ps 44:2,3 * as. # 2:31-37 3:1-16 8:18 * and consider. # 32:29 1Ch 28:9 Isa 1:3 5:12 Ho 7:2 * the Lord. See on ver. # 35 Jos 2:11 1Ch 29:11 2Ch 20:6 Ps 115:3 135:6 Da 4:35 * keep. See on ver. # 1,6 28:1-14 Le 22:31 26:1-13 Jer 11:4 Joh 14:15,21-24 * it may go. # 5:16 6:3,18 12:25,28 22:7 Eph 6:3 1Ti 4:8 # Nu 35:6,14,15 Jos 20:2-9 # 19:1-10 Nu 35:6,11,12,15-28 Heb 6:18 * Bezer. Bezer is the same as Bozra, formerly a royal city of Edom. See Note on Ge 36:33. # Jos 20:8 * Ramoth. Ramoth was a celebrated city in the mountains of Gilead, placed by Eusebius fifteen miles east from Philadelphia or Ammon, and by Jerome in the neighbourhood of Jabbok, and consequently north of Philadelphia. # Jos 21:38 1Ki 4:13 22:3,4 1Ch 6:80 * Golan. This city gave name to the district of Gaulonitis, now called Djolan, which comprises the plain to south of Djedour or Iturea, and to the west of Haouran: its southern frontier is the Nahar Aweired, by which it is separated from the district of Erbad, and the Sheriat el Mandhour, which separates it from the district of El Kefarat: on the west it is limited by the territory of Feik, and on the north-west by Djebel Heish, or mount Hermon. # Jos 21:27 1Ch 6:71 This is evidently an introduction to the discourse of the subsequent chapters. Moses having practically improved some particulars in the history of Israel, proceeded to repeat and enforce the laws which he had delivered before, with additions and explanations, beginning with the ten commandments. # 1:5 17:18,19 27:3,8,26 33:4 Le 27:34 Nu 36:13 Mal 4:4 Joh 1:17 * These. # 6:17,20 1Ki 2:3 Ps 119:2,14,22,24,111 * statutes. See on ver. # 1 Ps 119:5 * judgments. # Ps 119:7 * On this side. # 47 * See on ch. # 1:5 3:29 Nu 32:19 * over. # 3:29 * Beth-peor. Beth-peor was a city which was situated, according to Eusebius, opposite Jericho, and six miles above Livias. As the name signifies "the house of Peor," it is probable that there was a temple to Peor, situated in this place, full in view of the people, while Moses was pressing upon them the worship of Jehovah alone; and perhaps the very temple where so many had sinned to their own destruction. * Moses. # 1:4 2:30-36 3:8 Nu 21:21-32 * See on ch. # 3:1-14 29:7,8 Nu 21:33-35 * Aroer. # 2:36 3:12 Jos 13:24-33 * even unto. The Samaritan interpreter has, "unto the mountain of snow, which is Hermon." See Note on ch. 3:9. * Sion. # 3:9 Ps 133:3 * under the springs. # 3:17 34:1 Jos 13:20 1 The covenant in Horeb. 6 The ten commandments. 23 At the people's request Moses receives the law from God. * all Israel. # 1:1 29:2,10 * Hear. See on ch. # 4:1 * keep, and. Heb. keep to. # Mt 23:3 # 4:23 Ex 19:5-8 24:8 Heb 8:6-13 9:19-23 # 29:10-15 Ge 17:7,21 Ps 105:8-10 Jer 32:38-40 Mt 13:17 # Ga 3:17-21 Heb 8:8,9 # 24-26 4:33,36 34:10 Ex 19:9,18,19 20:18-22 33:11 Nu 12:8 # 27 Ge 18:22 Ex 19:16 20:18-21 24:2,3 Nu 16:48 Ps 106:23 # Jer 30:21 Zec 3:1-5 Ga 3:19 Heb 9:24 12:18-24 * I am the. # 4:4 * See on # Ex 20:2-17 Le 26:1,2 * brought. # Ps 81:5-10 * bondage. Heb. servants. # Ex 20:3 Mt 4:10 Joh 5:23 1Jo 5:21 * graven image. See on ch. # 4:15-19 Ex 20:4 * shalt not. See on # Ex 20:4-6 * the Lord. On the import of the word {yehowah,} which we translate Lord, see Note on Ex. 3:15. The word {elohim,} which is rendered God, in the singular, {eloah,} and in Arabic {allah,} is derived from the Arabic {alaha,} he worshipped, adored, was struck with astonishment, fear, or terror: and hence, he adored with sacred honour and veneration: it also signifies, he succoured, liberated, kept in safety, or defended. Here we learn that {elohim} denotes the sole object of adoration; the perfections of whose nature must astonish all who contemplate them, and fill with horror all who rebel against him; that consequently he must be worshipped with reverence and religious fear; and that every sincere worshipper may expect help in all his weaknesses, etc., freedom from the power, guilt, and consequences of sin, and support and defence to the uttermost. * a jealous God. See on # Ex 34:14 * visiting. # Ex 34:7 Jer 32:18 Da 9:4-9 Mt 23:35,36 Ro 11:28,29 * shewing. # Isa 1:16-19 Jer 32:18 Da 9:4 Mt 7:21-27 Ga 5:6 1Jo 1:7 * love me. # 6:5,6 10:12,13 Joh 14:15,21-23 15:14 Ro 8:28 Jas 1:25 # 1Jo 5:2,3 # 6:13 * See on # Ex 20:7 Le 19:12 Ps 139:20 Jer 4:2 Mt 5:33,34 Jas 5:12 * See on # Ex 20:8-11 Isa 56:6 58:13 # Ex 23:12 35:2,3 Eze 20:12 Lu 13:14-16 23:56 * the sabbath. # Ge 2:2 Ex 16:29,30 Heb 4:4 * thy stranger. # Ne 13:15,21 * thy man-servant. # Ex 23:12 Le 25:44-46 Ne 5:5 * remember. # 15:15 16:12 24:18-22 Isa 51:1,2 Eph 2:11,12 * the Lord. See on ver. # 6 Ps 116:16 Isa 63:9 Lu 1:74,75 Tit 2:14 * through. See on ch. # 4:34-37 * Honour. See on # Ex 20:12 Le 19:3 Mt 15:4-6 Col 3:20 * that thy days. # 4:40 27:16 Eph 6:1-3 * See on # Ex 20:13 Mt 5:21,22 * See on # Ex 20:14 Pr 6:32,33 Mt 5:27,28 Lu 18:20 Jas 2:10,11 * See on # Ex 20:15 Ro 13:9 Eph 4:28 # 19:16-21 * See on # Ex 20:16 23:1 1Ki 21:13 Pr 6:19 19:5,9 Mal 3:5 * See on # Ex 20:17 1Ki 21:1-4 Mic 2:2 Hab 2:9 Lu 12:15 Ro 7:7,8 13:9 # 1Ti 6:9,10 Heb 13:5 * These words. See on ver. # 4 4:12-15,36 Ex 19:18,19 * he wrote. See on ch. # 4:13 Ex 24:12 31:18 # Ex 20:18,19 Heb 12:18-21 * we have heard. # 4,5 Ex 19:19 * he liveth. # 4:33 Ge 32:30 Ex 33:20 Jud 13:22 * this great. # 18:16 33:2 2Co 3:7-9 Ga 3:10,21,22 Heb 12:29 * hear. Heb. add to hear. * who is. It seems to have been a general opinion, that if God appeared to men, it was for the purpose of destroying them. And indeed most of the extraordinary manifestations of God were in the way of judgment; but here it was widely different. God did appear in a sovereign and extraordinary manner; but it was for the instruction, direction, deliverance, and support of his people. 1. They heard this voice speaking with them in a distinct, articulate manner. 2. They saw the fire, the symbol of his presence, the appearances of which demonstrated it to be supernatural. 3. Notwithstanding God appeared so terrible, yet no person was destroyed; for he came not to destroy but to save. * See on ch. # 4:33 * all flesh. # Ge 6:12 Isa 40:6 Ro 3:20 * living. # Jos 3:10 Ps 42:2 84:2 Jer 10:10 Da 6:26 Mt 26:63 Ac 14:15 # 2Co 6:16 1Th 1:9 # Ex 20:19 Heb 12:19 * they have well said all. # 18:17 Nu 27:7 36:5 The language of the original is emphatic: {Mee yittain wehayah levavom zeh lahem,} literally, "Who will give that there may be such a heart in them?" They refuse to receive such a heart from me, who then can supply it? * O that there. # 32:29,30 Ps 81:13-15 Isa 48:18 Jer 44:4 Eze 33:31,32 Mt 23:37 # Lu 19:42 2Co 5:20 6:1 Heb 12:25 * keep all: # 11:1 Ps 106:3 119:1-5 Lu 11:28 Joh 15:14 Re 22:14 * that it might: # 16 4:40 6:3,18 12:25,28 19:13 22:7 Ru 3:1 Ps 19:11 Isa 3:10 # Jer 22:14,15 Eph 6:3 Jas 1:25 # 30 * See on ver. # 1 4:1,5,45 6:1 11:1 12:1 Eze 20:11 Mal 4:4 Ga 3:19 * observe. # 6:3,25 8:1 11:32 24:8 2Ki 21:8 Eze 37:24 * ye shall not. # 4:1,2 12:32 17:20 28:14 Jos 1:7 23:6 Ps 125:5 Pr 4:27 # 2Pe 2:21 * walk. # 10:12 Ps 119:6 Jer 7:23 Lu 1:6 Ro 2:7 * well. # 29 4:40 Jer 7:23 1Ti 4:8 1 The end of the law is obedience. 3 An exhortation thereto. 20 What they are to teach their children. * the commandments. # 4:1,5,14,45 5:31 12:1 Le 27:34 Nu 36:13 Eze 37:24 * go to possess it. Heb. pass over. * fear. See on ch. # 4:10 10:12,13,20 13:4 Ge 22:12 Ex 20:20 Job 28:28 Ps 111:10 # Ps 128:1 Pr 16:6 Ec 12:13 Lu 12:5 1Pe 1:17 * and thy son. # 7 Ge 18:19 Ps 78:4-8 * thy days. # 4:40 5:16,33 22:7 Pr 3:1,2,16 1Pe 3:10,11 * and observe. # 4:6 5:32 Ec 8:12 Isa 3:10 * that ye may. # Ge 12:2 13:16 15:5 22:17 26:4 28:14 Ex 1:7 Ac 7:17 * in the land. # Ex 3:8 {Shema Yisraêl, Yehowah, Elohainoo, Yehowah aichod,} "Hear, Israel, Jehovah, our God,is one Jehovah." On this passage the Jews lay great stress; and it is one of the four passages which they write on their phylacteries: On the word {Elohim,} Simeon Ben Joachi says: "Come and see the mystery of the word {Elohim:} there are three degrees, and each degree is by itself alone, and yet they are all one, and joined together in one, and are not divided from each other." * the Lord, # 4:35,36 5:6 1Ki 18:21 2Ki 19:5 1Ch 29:10 Isa 42:8 44:6,8 # Isa 45:5,6 Jer 10:10,11 Mr 12:29-32 Joh 17:3 1Co 8:4-6 # 1Ti 2:5 * thou shalt. # 10:12 11:13 30:6 Mt 22:37 Mr 12:30,33 Lu 10:27 1Jo 5:3 * God with all. # 4:29 2Ki 23:25 Mt 10:37 Joh 14:20,21 2Co 5:14,15 * shall be. # 11:18 32:46 Ps 37:31 40:8 119:11,98 Pr 2:10,11 3:1-3,5 7:3 # Isa 51:7 Jer 31:33 Lu 2:51 8:15 2Co 3:3 Col 3:16 2Jo 1:2 * And thou shalt. # 2 4:9,10 11:19 Ge 18:19 Ex 12:26,27 13:14,15 Ps 78:4-6 # Eph 6:4 * teach. Heb. whet, or sharpen. shalt talk. # Ru 2:4,12 4:11 Ps 37:30 40:9,10 119:46 129:8 Pr 6:22 10:21 # Pr 15:2,7 Mal 3:16 Mt 12:35 Lu 6:45 Eph 4:29 Col 4:6 1Pe 3:15 # 11:18 Ex 13:9,16 Nu 15:38,39 Pr 3:3 6:21 7:3 Mt 23:5 Heb 2:1 # 11:20 Ex 12:7 Job 19:23-25 Isa 30:8 57:8 Hab 2:2 * land. # Ge 13:15-17 15:18 26:3 28:13 * great. # Jos 24:13 Ne 9:25 Ps 78:55 105:44 * when thou. # 7:12-18 8:10-20 32:15 Jud 3:7 Pr 30:8,9 Jer 2:31,32 # Eze 16:10-20 Mt 19:23,24 * bondage. Heb. bondmen, or servants. # 12 * fear. See on ver. # 2 5:29 10:12,20 13:4 Mt 4:10 Lu 4:8 * and serve him. Our Saviour quotes these words thus: "And him only [ ] shalt thou serve;" from which it would appear, that the word {levaddo} was anciently in the Hebrew text, as it was in the Septuagint, Coptic, Vulgate (illi soli), and Anglo-Saxon. Dr. Kennicott argues that without the word only, the text would not have conclusive for the purpose for which our Lord advanced it. It is proper, however, to observe, that the word {levaddo} is not found in any MS. yet collated, though retained in the above versions. * shalt swear. # Le 19:12 Jos 2:12 Ps 15:4 63:11 Isa 45:23 65:16 Jer 4:2 5:2,7 # Jer 12:16 * not go. # 8:19 11:28 Ex 34:14-16 Jer 25:6 1Jo 5:21 * of the gods. # 13:7 * is a jealous. See on ch. # 4:24 Ex 20:5 Am 3:2 1Co 10:22 * lest. # 7:4 11:17 Nu 32:10-15 2Ch 36:16 Ps 90:7,11 * destroy. # Ge 7:4 Ex 32:12 1Ki 13:34 Am 9:8 * tempt. # Mt 4:7 Lu 4:12 * tempted him. # Ex 17:2,7 Nu 20:3,4,13 21:4,5 Ps 95:8,9 1Co 10:9 Heb 3:8,9 # 1,2 11:13,22 Ex 15:26 Ps 119:4 1Co 15:58 Tit 3:8 Heb 6:11 # 2Pe 1:5-10 3:14 * shalt do. # 8:11 12:25,28 13:18 Ex 15:26 Ps 19:11 Isa 3:10 Eze 18:5,19,21 # Eze 18:27 33:14,16,19 Ho 14:9 Joh 8:29 Ro 12:2 * that it may. See on ch. # 4:40 5:29,33 # Ex 23:28-30 Nu 33:52,53 Jud 2:1-3 3:1-4 * when thy son. See on ver. # 7 Ex 12:26 13:14 Jos 4:6,7,21-24 Pr 22:6 * in time to come. Heb. to-morrow. * We were. # 5:6,15 15:15 26:5-9 * See on # Ex 20:2 Ne 9:9,10 Ps 136:10-12 Isa 51:1 Jer 32:20,21 # Ro 6:17,18 Eph 2:11,12 * with a mighty. # Ex 3:19 13:3 * shewed. See on ch. # 4:34 Ex 7:1-12:51 14:1-31 Ps 135:9 * sore. Heb. evil. before. # 1:30 3:21 4:3 7:19 Ps 58:10,11 91:8 * to give us. # 10,18 1:8,35 * See on # Ex 13:5 * to fear. # 2 * for our good. # 10:13 Job 35:7,8 Pr 9:12 Isa 3:10 Jer 32:39 Mt 6:33 # Ro 6:21,22 * he might. # 4:1,4 8:1,3 Ps 41:2 66:9 Pr 22:4 Ro 10:5 # 24:13 Le 18:5 Ps 106:30,31 119:6 Pr 12:28 Eze 20:11 # Lu 10:28,29 Ro 10:3,5,6 Ga 3:12 Jas 2:10 1 All communion with the nations is forbidden; 5 for fear of idolatry; 6 for the holiness of the people; 9 for the nature of God in his mercy and justice; 17 for the assuredness of victory which God will give over them. * the Lord. See on ch. # 4:38 6:1,10,19,23 9:1,4 11:29 31:3,20 Ex 6:8 15:7 Nu 14:31 # Ps 44:2,3 78:55 * the Hittites. With respect to the situation of these nations in the land of Canaan, Calmet remarks, that the Canaanites chiefly inhabited Phoenecia; the Hittites, the mountains south of the promised land; the Hivites, mount Ebal, and Gerizim, and towards Hermon; the Girgashites, beyond Jordan, towards the lake of Gennesareth, the Jebusistes, about Jerusalem; the Amorites, the mountains west of the Dead Sea, and part of the land of Moab; and that the Perizzites were probably not a distinct nation, but villagers scattered through the country. # Ge 15:18-21 Ex 23:28 33:2 * greater. See on ch. # 4:38 4:1-3 20:1 * deliver. # 23,24 3:3 23:14 Ge 14:20 Jos 10:24,25,30,32,42 21:44 Jud 1:4 * utterly. # 20:16,17 Le 27:28,29 Nu 33:52 Jos 6:17-25 8:24 9:24 10:28,40 # Jos 11:11,12 * make no. # 20:10,11 Ex 23:32,33 34:12-16 Jos 2:14 9:18-21 Jud 1:24 2:2 # 2Sa 21:2 # Ge 6:2,3 Ex 34:15,16 Jos 23:12,13 Jud 3:6,7 1Ki 11:2 # Ezr 9:1,2 Ne 13:23-27 2Co 6:14-17 * so will. # 6:15 32:16,17 Ex 20:5 Jud 2:11,20 3:7,8 10:6,7 * destroy. # 12:2,3 Ex 23:24 34:13 2Ki 23:6-14 * images. Heb. statues, or pillars. # 16:22 Le 26:1 * and cut. # Jud 6:25,26 * burn. # 25 9:21 Ex 32:20 * an holy. # 14:2 26:19 28:9 Ex 19:5,6 Ps 50:5 Jer 2:3 Am 3:2 1Co 6:19,20 # Tit 2:14 2Pe 2:5,9 * to be a special. # Mal 3:17 Tit 2:14 * The Lord. # Ps 115:1 Ro 9:11-15,18,21 11:6 1Jo 3:1 4:10 * ye were. # 10:22 Isa 51:2 Mt 7:14 Lu 12:32 Ro 9:27-29 * because. # 4:37 9:4,5 10:15 1Sa 12:22 2Sa 22:20 Ps 44:3 Isa 43:4 Jer 31:3 # Zep 3:17 Mt 11:26 Eph 2:4,5 2Th 2:13,14 Tit 3:3-7 1Jo 4:19 * oath. # Ge 22:16-18 Ex 32:13 Ps 105:8-10,42 Lu 1:55,72,73 Heb 6:13-17 * Lord brought. See on ch. # 4:20,34 Ex 12:41,42 13:3,14 20:2 * the faithful. # Ex 34:6,7 Ps 119:75 146:6 Isa 49:7 La 3:23 1Co 1:9 10:3 # 2Co 1:18 1Th 5:24 2Th 3:3 2Ti 2:13 Tit 1:2 Heb 6:18 10:23 # Heb 11:11 1Jo 1:9 * which keepeth. # 5:10 Ge 17:7 Ex 20:6 Ne 1:5 Da 9:4 Ro 8:28 1Co 8:3 Jas 1:12 * a thousand. # 1Ch 16:15 * repayeth. # 9 32:35,41 Ps 21:8,9 Pr 11:31 Isa 59:18 Na 1:2 Ro 12:19 * slack. # 32:25 2Pe 3:9,10 * hateth. # Ex 20:5 Joh 15:23-24 * See on ch. # 4:1 5:32 Joh 14:15 * if. Heb. because. # 28:1 Le 26:3 * Lord. See on ver. # 9 Ps 105:8-10 Mic 7:20 Lu 1:55,72,73 * he will love. See on ver. # 7 28:4 Ex 23:25 Ps 1:3 11:7 144:12-15 Joh 14:21 15:10 16:27 * he will also. # 28:3-5,11,15-18 Job 42:12 Pr 10:22 Mal 3:10,11 Mt 6:33 * blessed. # 33:29 Ps 115:15 147:19,20 * male or. # 28:4,11 Ex 23:26-33 Le 26:9 Ps 127:3 * will put none. The Israelites, if obedient, would have been subject to no maladies but those common to fallen man, and generally very healthy and long lived; being exempted from pestilential diseases, which have often most tremendously scourged guilty nations; and from such maladies in particular, as they had witnessed in Egypt, by which God afflicted their cruel oppressors, (Ex 15:26.) This must be referred to the national covenant; for though godliness often secures the most solid temporal advantages, yet temporal blessings were not, even among them, uniformly dispensed to individuals according to their obedience; but they were to the nation, with an exactness which is not observed towards any other people. # Le 26:3,4 * will put none. # 28:27,60 Ex 9:11 15:26 Ps 105:36,37 * consume. See on ver. # 2 * thine eye. # 13:8 19:13,21 25:12 Jer 21:7 * for that will. # 12:30,31 Ex 23:33 34:12-16 Nu 33:55 Jos 23:13-16 Jud 2:3,12 # Jud 3:6 8:27 Ps 106:36 1Co 15:33 * thou shalt. # 8:17 15:9 18:21 Isa 14:13 47:8 49:21 Jer 13:22 Lu 9:47 * These nations. # Nu 13:32 33:53 Jos 17:16-18 * shalt not. See on ch. # 1:29 3:6 31:6 Ps 27:1,2 46:1,2 Isa 41:10-14 * remember. # Ex 7:1-14:31 Jud 6:13 Ps 77:11 78:11,42-51 105:5,26-36 # Ps 135:8-10 136:10-15 Isa 51:9,10 63:11-15 * great. See on ch. # 4:34 11:2-4 29:3 Ne 9:10,11 Jer 32:20,21 Eze 20:6-9 * so shall. # Jos 3:10 * the hornet. # Ex 23:28-30 Jos 24:12 * the Lord. # Nu 9:20 14:9,14,42 16:3 23:21 Jos 3:10 2Ch 32:8 Ps 46:5,7,11 # Isa 8:9,10 Zec 2:10,11 1Co 14:25 * a mighty God. # 10:17 25:8 1Sa 4:8 Ne 1:5 4:14 9:32 Zec 12:2-5 * put out. Heb. pluck off. thou mayest. As the Israelites were not yet sufficiently numerous to fill the whole land occupied by these nations; and as wild and ferocious animals might be expected to multiply where the place was but thinly peopled, therefore God informs them that their extermination from before them should be gradual. Haynes says, "The approaching to Cana, at the close of the day, as we did, is at once terrifying and dangerous. The surrounding country swarms with wild beasts, such as tigers, leopards, jackals, etc., whose cries and howling, I doubt not, would strike the boldest traveller, who had not been frequently in a like situation, with the deepest sense of horror." # Ex 23:29,30 Jos 15:63 * the Lord. See on ver. # 2 * unto thee. Heb. before thy face. # 9:3 * shall destroy. # 2:15 8:20 Isa 13:6 Jer 17:18 Joe 1:15 2Th 1:9 * he shall. # Jos 10:24,25,42 12:1-6 * their name. # 9:14 25:19 29:20 Ex 17:14 Ps 9:5 Pr 10:7 Jer 10:11 Zep 1:4 * there shall. # 11:25 Jos 1:5 10:8 23:9 Isa 54:17 Ro 8:37 1Co 15:57 * graven. See on ver. # 5 12:3 Ex 32:20 1Ch 14:12 Isa 30:22 * thou shalt. # Jos 7:1,21 * snared. # Jud 8:24-27 Zep 1:3 1Ti 6:9,10 * an abomination. # 17:1 23:18 Re 17:5 * shalt. # 13:17 Le 27:28,29 Jos 6:17-24 7:1-25,11-26 Eze 14:7 # Hab 2:9-11 Zec 5:4 * but thou shalt. # Isa 2:20 30:22 Eze 11:18 Ho 14:8 Ro 2:22 1 An exhortation to obedience in regard of God's mercy and goodness in his dealings with Israel. * See on ch. # 4:1 5:32,33 6:1-3 Ps 119:4-6 1Th 4:1,2 * remember. See on ch. # 7:18 Ps 77:11 106:7 Eph 2:11,12 2Pe 1:12,13 3:1,2 * led thee. # 1:3,33 2:7 29:5 Ps 136:16 Am 2:10 * to humble. # 2Ch 32:25,26 33:12,19 Job 33:17 42:5,6 Isa 2:17 Lu 18:14 # Jas 4:6,10 1Pe 5:5,6 * prove thee. # 16 13:3 Ge 22:1 Ex 15:25 16:4 2Ch 32:31 Ps 81:7 Pr 17:3 # Mal 3:2,3 Jas 1:3 1Pe 1:7 * to know. # Jer 17:9,10 Joh 2:25 Re 2:23 * fed thee. # Ex 16:2,3,12-35 Ps 78:23-25 105:40 1Co 10:3 * doth. # Ps 37:3 104:27-29 Mt 4:4 Lu 4:4 12:29,30 Heb 13:5,6 Many have attempted to give the following meaning to this text:--"God so amply provided for them all the necessaries of life, that they never were obliged to wear tattered garments, nor were their feet injured for lack of shoes or sandals." Now, though the Israelites doubtless brought out of Egypt more raiment than what they had upon them; and they might manufacture the fleeces of their flocks in the wilderness; and also might be favoured by Providence with other supplies from the neighbouring nations or travelling hordes of Arabs; yet, when we consider their immense numbers, their situation and long continuance in the wilderness, and the very strong expressions made use of in the text, why should we question the extraordinary and miraculous interposition of God in this respect, as well as in others, not less stupendous in their nature, or constant in their supply? # 29:5 Ne 9:21 Mt 26:25-30 * consider. # 4:9,23 Isa 1:3 Eze 12:3 18:28 * as a man. # 2Sa 7:14 Job 5:17,18 Ps 89:32 94:12 Pr 3:12 1Co 11:32 # Heb 12:5-11 Re 3:19 * walk. # 5:33 Ex 18:20 1Sa 12:24 2Ch 6:31 Ps 128:1 Lu 1:6 # 6:10,11 11:10-12 Ex 3:8 Ne 9:24,25 Ps 65:9-13 Eze 20:6 * wheat. # 32:14 2Sa 4:6 1Ki 5:11 Ps 81:16 147:14 Eze 27:17 * barley. # 2Ch 2:10-15 Joh 6:9,13 * vines. # Isa 7:23 Jer 5:17 Ho 2:8,22 Mic 4:4 Hab 3:17 * oil olive. Heb. olive tree of oil. * whose stones. # 33:25 Jos 22:8 1Ch 22:14 Job 28:2 * thou hast. # 6:11,12 Ps 103:2 Mt 14:19 Joh 6:23 Ro 14:6 1Co 10:31 1Th 5:18 # 1Ti 4:4,5 * then thou. # 1Ch 29:14 Ps 103:2 Pr 3:9 # Ps 106:21 Pr 1:32 30:9 Eze 16:10-15 Ho 2:8,9 * Lest when. # 28:47 31:20 32:15 Pr 30:9 Ho 13:5,6 * and hast built. # Ec 2:4 Jer 22:14,15 Eze 11:3 Am 5:11 Hag 1:4 Lu 17:28 # Ge 13:1-5 Job 1:3 Ps 39:6 Lu 12:13-21 * thine heart. # 17:20 2Ch 26:16 32:25 Jer 2:31 1Co 4:7,8 * thou forget. See on ver. # 11 Ps 106:21 Jer 2:6 * led thee. # 1:19 Ps 136:16 Isa 63:12-14 Jer 2:6 * fiery serpents. # Nu 21:6 Ho 13:5 * who brought. # Ex 17:5 Nu 20:11 Ps 78:15,16 105:41 114:8 Isa 35:7 1Co 10:4 * fed thee. # 3 Ex 16:15 * he might. See on ver. # 2 * to do thee. # La 3:26-33 Jer 24:5,6 Ro 8:28 2Co 4:17 Heb 12:10,11 Jas 1:12 # 1Pe 1:7 * thou say. See on ch. # 7:17 * My power. # 9:4 Isa 10:8-14 Da 4:30 Ho 12:8 Hab 1:16 1Co 4:7 * he that. # Ps 127:1,2 144:1 Pr 10:22 Ho 2:8 * that he may. # 7:8,12 * I testify against. # 4:26 28:58-68 29:25-28 30:18,19 Jos 23:13 1Sa 12:25 Da 9:2 # Am 3:2 Zep 1:18 3:6 Lu 12:47,48 13:3,5 * so shall ye perish. # 2Ch 36:16,17 Da 9:11,12 1 Moses dissuades them from the opinion of their own righteousness, by rehearsing their several rebellions. * to pass. # 3:18 11:31 27:2 Jos 1:11 3:6,14,16 4:5,19 * this day. The Hebrew {hyyom,} "this day," frequently denotes, as here, this time. They had come, 38 years before this, nearly to the verge of the promised land, but were not permitted, because of their unbelief and rebellion, at that day or time, to enter; but this time they shall certainly pass over. This was spoken in the eleventh month of the fortieth year of their journeying; and it was on the first month of the following year they passed over: and during this interval Moses died. * nations. See on ch. # 4:38 7:1 11:23 * cities. # 1:28 Nu 13:22,28-33 * great. See on ch. # 2:11,12,21 * Who can stand. # 7:24 Ex 9:11 Job 11:10 Da 8:4 11:16 Na 1:6 * Understand. # 6 Mt 15:10 Mr 7:14 Eph 5:17 * goeth over. # 1:30 20:4 31:3-6 Jos 3:11,14 Mic 2:13 Re 19:11-16 * a consuming fire. # 4:24 Isa 27:4 30:27,30,33 33:14 Na 1:5,6 2Th 1:8 Heb 12:29 * he shall. # 7:1,2,16,23,24 Ex 23:29-31 Isa 41:10-16 Ro 8:31 * Speak not. # 5 7:7,8 8:17 Eze 36:22,32 Ro 11:6,20 1Co 4:4,7 Eph 2:4,5 # 2Ti 1:9 Tit 3:3-5 * for the wickedness. # 12:31 18:12 Ge 15:16 Le 18:24,25 * Not for. Though the Canaanites were expelled for their wickedness, it does not follow, that the Israelites were established in their room on account of any distinguished virtue, or because they deserved it. On many occasions, it may be seen in the history of the world, that God punishes the wicked by the instrumentality of other men, who are as wicked as themselves. Not the Israelites' righteousness, but the wickedness of the inhabitants, and the promise of God to their fathers, was the cause of their obtaining Canaan. # Tit 3:5 * that he may. # Ge 12:7 13:15 15:7 17:8 26:4 28:13 Ex 32:13 Eze 20:14 # Mic 7:20 Lu 1:54,55 Ac 3:25 13:32,33 Ro 11:28 15:8 * Understand. See on ver. # 3,4 Eze 20:44 * giveth thee. Moses repeats this a third time, that, if it were possible, he might root out of the Israelites the opinion of their own deserts, before God rooted out the Canaanites from their country. * a stiff-necked. # 13 10:16 31:27 Ex 32:9 33:3 34:9 2Ch 30:8 36:13 Ps 78:8 # Isa 48:3,4 Eze 2:4 Zec 7:11,12 Ac 7:51 Ro 5:20,21 * Remember. In order to destroy the opinion which the Israelites had of their own righteousness, it was necessary to call to mind some of their most notorious provocations and rebellions, which Moses exhorts them to preserve in their mind, as a means to keep them humble. # 8:2 Eze 16:61-63 20:43 36:31 1Co 15:9 Eph 2:11 1Ti 1:13-15 * from the day. # 31:27 32:5,6 Ex 14:11 16:2 17:2 Nu 11:4 14:1-10 16:1-35 # Nu 20:2-5 21:5 25:2 Ne 9:16-18 Ps 78:8-72 95:8-11 * Also in Horeb. Or rather, "Even at Horeb," for there is a peculiar emphasis here, even there where they had lately received the law, attended with the most astonishing appearances and circumstances. # Ex 32:16 Ps 106:19-22 * I was. # Ex 24:12,15,18 * the tables. # 15 Ex 31:18 34:28 Jer 31:31,32 Ga 4:24 * then I. # Ex 24:18 34:28 1Ki 19:8 Mt 4:2 * I neither. # 18 1Ki 13:8,9 2Ki 6:22 * the Lord. # Ex 31:18 * written with. # 10:4 Mt 12:28 Lu 11:20 2Co 3:3 Heb 8:10 * all the words. # 4:10-15 5:6-21 18:16 Ex 19:17-19 20:1-18 * the tables of the covenant. See on ver. # 9 Nu 10:33 Heb 8:6-10 9:4 * Arise. See on # Ex 32:7,8 * corrupted. # 4:16 31:29 32:5 Ge 6:11,12 Jude 1:10 * are quickly. # 16 Jud 2:17 Ps 78:57 Ho 6:4 Ga 1:6 * I have. # Ge 11:5 18:21 Ex 32:9,10 Ps 50:7 Jer 7:11 13:27 Ho 6:10 # Mal 3:5 * stiffnecked. See on ver. # 6 10:16 31:27 2Ki 17:14 * Let me. # Ex 32:10-13 Isa 62:6,7 Jer 14:11 15:1 Lu 11:7-10 18:1-8 # Ac 7:51 * blot. # 29:20 Ex 32:32,33 Ps 9:5 109:13 Pr 10:7 Re 3:5 * and I will. # Nu 14:11,12 * I turned. # Ex 32:14,15-35 * the mount. # 4:11 5:23 Ex 9:23 19:18 Heb 12:18 * I looked. # Ex 32:19 Ac 7:40,41 * cast them. Moses might have done this through distress and anguish of spirit, on beholding their abominable idolatry and dissolute conduct; or probably he did it emblematically, and perhaps by the direction of God; intimating thereby, that as by this act of his the tables were broken in pieces, on which the Law of God was written, so they, by their present conduct, had made a breach in the covenant, and broken the laws of their Maker and Sovereign. # 17 * I fell down. The transgressions of the people rendered this second forty days' fasting necessary to Moses. Their pardon was indeed in some sense obtained before he ascended the mount; yet probably much of the time which he spent there was employed in supplication: and when he descended the second time, with the tables of the law in his hands, the pardon was, as it were, ratified and sealed. * See on ver. # 9 Ex 32:10-14 34:28 2Sa 12:16 Ps 106:23 * For I. # 8 Ex 32:10,11 Ne 1:2-7 Lu 12:4,5 * But the. # 10:10 Ex 32:14 33:17 Ps 99:6 106:23 Am 7:2,3,5,6 Jas 5:16,17 # Ex 32:2-5,21,35 Heb 7:26-28 * I took. See on # Ex 32:20 Isa 2:18-21 30:22 31:7 Ho 8:11 * the brook. This was the stream which flowed from the rock that Moses smote with his rod, (Ex 17:6,) and to which the Psalmist alludes in Ps 78:16-20; 105:41. Philo relates, that upon Moses' striking the rock, the water poured out like a torrent, affording not only a sufficient quantity for allaying their present thirst, but to fill their water vessels, to carry with them on their journey. * Taberah. # Nu 11:1-5 * Massah. # Ex 17:7 * Kibroth-hattaavah. # Nu 11:4,34 * Likewise. # 1:19-33 Nu 13:1-33 * ye rebelled. See on # Nu 14:1-4,10-41 Isa 63:10 * ye believed. # 1:32,33 Ps 78:22 106:24,25 Heb 3:18,19 4:2 # 6,7 31:27 Ac 7:51 * See on ver. # 16,18 * prayed. # Ex 32:11-13 34:9 Nu 14:13-19 Ps 99:6 106:23 Jer 14:21 * thine inheritance. # 1Ki 8:51 * which thou hast redeemed. # 29 32:9 Ps 74:1,2 Isa 63:19 * which thou hast brought forth. # 7:8 13:5 15:15 21:8 26:7,8 Ex 15:13 2Sa 7:23 Ne 1:10 # Ps 77:15 107:2 Isa 44:23 Mic 6:4 Tit 2:14 Heb 9:12 Re 5:9 * Remember. # Ex 3:6,16 6:3-8 13:5 32:13 Jer 14:21 * look not. # Ex 32:31,32 1Sa 25:25 Ps 78:8 Pr 21:12 Isa 43:24,25 Jer 50:20 # Mic 7:18,19 * the land. # Ge 41:57 Ex 6:6-8 1Sa 14:25 * Because. # 32:26,27 Ex 32:12 Nu 14:15,16 Jos 7:7-9 Ps 115:1,2 Isa 43:25 # Isa 48:9-11 Jer 14:7-9 Eze 20:8,9,14 Da 9:18,19 * Yet they. # 26 4:20 1Ki 8:15 Ne 1:10 Ps 95:7 100:3 Isa 63:19 * which thou. See on ver. # 26 4:34 1 God's mercy in restoring the two tables; 6 in continuing the priesthood; 8 in separating the tribe of Levi; 10 in hearkening unto Moses' suit for his people. 12 An exhortation to obedience. * Hew. # 4 Ex 34:1,2,4 * make thee. # 3 Ex 25:10-15 Heb 9:4 * thou shalt. # 5 Ex 25:16-22 40:20 1Ki 8:9 Heb 9:4 * I made. # Ex 25:5,10 37:1-9 * hewed. # 1 Ex 34:4 * he wrote. See on ch. # 9:10 Ex 34:28 * the ten. # 4:13 * commandments. Heb. words. which. # 5:4-21 Ex 20:1-17 * out of the. # 4:11-15 5:22-26 Ex 19:18 Heb 12:18,19 * in the day. # 9:10 18:16 Ex 19:17 * I turned. # 9:15 Ex 32:15 34:29 * put the. See on ver. # 2 Ex 25:16 40:20 * there they. # Jos 4:9 1Ki 8:8,9 * took. # Nu 10:6,12,13 33:1,2 * Mosera. # Nu 33:30-33 * Moseroth, Hor-ha-gid-gad, Jotbathah. there Aaron. # Nu 20:23-28 33:38 # 7 * time the Lord. # Ex 29:1-37 Le 8:9 Nu 1:47-53 3:1-4:49 8:1-26 16:9,10 18:1-32 # Joh 15:16 Ac 13:2 Ro 1:1 2Co 6:17 Ga 1:15 * bear. # Nu 3:31 4:15 1Ki 8:3,4,6 1Ch 15:12-15,26 23:26 2Ch 5:4,5 * to stand. # 18:5 2Ch 29:11 Ps 134:2 135:2 Jer 15:19 Eze 44:11,15 Ro 12:7 * to bless. # 21:5 Le 9:22 Nu 6:23-26 2Ch 30:27 # 18:1,2 Nu 18:20-24 26:62 Jos 14:3 Eze 44:28 * I stayed. # 9:18,25 Ex 24:18 34:28 * first time. or, former days. the Lord hearkened. # 3:23-27 9:19 Ex 32:14,33,34 33:17 Mt 27:42 * Arise. # Ex 32:34 33:1 * take thy. Heb. go in. * what doth. # Jer 7:22,23 Mic 6:8 Mt 11:29,30 1Jo 5:3 * fear. # 6:13 Ps 34:9 128:1 Jer 32:39,40 Ac 9:31 1Pe 1:17 * to walk. See on ch. # 5:33 Jos 22:5 Ps 81:13 Eze 11:20 Tit 2:11,12 1Pe 1:15,16 * love. See on ch. # 6:5 11:13 30:16,20 Ps 18:1 145:20 Mt 22:37 Mr 12:29-33 # Lu 10:27 11:42 Ro 8:28 1Jo 2:15 4:19,20 5:2,5 * to serve. # Job 36:11 Zep 3:9 Ro 1:9 Heb 12:28 * God with all. See on ch. # 4:29 * for thy. # 6:24 Pr 9:12 Jer 32:39 Jas 1:25 * the heaven. # 1Ki 8:27 2Ch 6:18 Ne 9:6 Ps 115:16 148:4 Isa 66:1 * the earth. # Ge 14:19 Ex 9:29 19:5 Ps 24:1 50:12 Jer 27:5,6 1Co 10:26,28 * See on ch. # 4:37 7:7,8 Nu 14:8 Ro 9:13-23 * Circumcise. # 30:6 Le 26:41 Jer 4:4,14 Ro 2:28,29 Col 2:11 * stiff-necked. See on ch. # 9:6,13 31:27 Jas 4:6,7 * God of gods. # Jos 22:22 1Ch 16:25,26 Ps 136:2 Da 2:47 11:36 * Lord of lords. # Ps 136:3 Re 17:14 19:16 * a great. # 7:21 Ne 1:5 4:14 9:32 Job 37:22,23 Ps 99:3 Jer 20:11 * regardeth. # 2Ch 19:7 Job 34:19 Mr 12:14 Ac 10:34 Ro 2:11 Ga 2:6 Eph 6:9 # Col 3:25 1Pe 1:17 * doth. # Ps 68:5 103:6 146:9 Isa 1:17 Jer 49:11 Ho 14:3 * loveth. # Ps 145:9 Mt 5:45 Ac 14:17 # Ex 22:21 Le 19:33,34 Lu 6:35 10:28-37 17:18 Ga 6:10 # Jas 2:15,16 1Jo 3:17,18 * fear. # 6:13 13:4 Mt 4:10 Lu 4:8 * cleave. # 4:4 11:22 13:4 Jos 23:8 Ac 11:23 Ro 12:9 * swear. See on ch. # 6:13 Ps 63:11 Isa 45:23 * thy praise. # Ex 15:2 Ps 22:3 Isa 12:2-6 60:19 Jer 17:14 Lu 2:32 Re 21:23 * that hath. # 4:32-35 1Sa 12:24 2Sa 7:23 Ps 106:21,22 Isa 64:3 Jer 32:20,21 * with threescore. And now, from so small a beginning, they are multiplied to more than 600,000 men, besides women and children; and this, indeed, in the space of 40 years; for the 603,000 which came out of Egypt were at this time all dead, except Moses, Joshua, and Caleb. How easy can God increase and multiply, as well as diminish and bring low! In all things, by his omnipotence, he can do whatsoever he will; and he will do whatsoever is right. # Ge 46:27 Ex 1:5 Ac 7:14 * as the stars. # 1:10 28:62 Ge 15:5 Nu 26:51,62 Ne 9:23 Heb 11:12 1 An exhortation to obedience; 2 by their own experience of God's great works; 8 by promise of God's great blessings; 16 and by threatenings. 18 A careful study is required in God's words. 26 The blessing and curse set before them. * thou shalt. This verse is the practical improvement of the conclusion of the foregoing chapter; while the next verse begins another view of the subject. * See on ch. # 6:5 10:12 30:16-20 Ps 116:1 * keep. # Le 8:35 Zec 3:7 * his statutes. See on ch. # 4:1,5,40 6:1 Ps 105:45 Lu 1:74,75 * And know. Moses seems here to have addressed himself particularly to the elders, who had in their youth witnessed the wonderful works which Jehovah had wrought both for them and among them; and who were bound to remember them for their own warning, and testify them to the rising generation who had not been eye-witnesses. # 8:19 29:10 Pr 22:19 Ac 26:22 * the chastisement. See on ch. # 8:2-5 * his greatness. See on ch. # 5:24 9:26 * his mighty. See on ch. # 7:19 * See on ch. # 4:34 7:19 Ps 78:12,13 105:27-45 135:9 Jer 32:20,21 * how he made. # Ex 14:23-31 15:4,9,10,19 Ps 106:11 Heb 11:29 # Ps 77:20 78:14-72 105:39-41 106:12-48 * he did unto. # Nu 16:1,31-33 26:9,10 27:3 Ps 106:17 * substance, or, living substance which followed them. in their possession. Heb. at their feet. # 5:3 7:19 Ps 106:2 145:4-6,12 150:2 * Therefore. See on ch. # 8:10,11 10:12-15 26:16-19 28:47 Ps 116:12-16 * that ye may. # 31:23 Jos 1:6,7 Ps 138:3 Isa 40:31 Da 10:19 2Co 12:9,10 # Eph 3:16 6:10 Php 4:13 Col 1:11 * prolong. # 4:40 5:16 6:2 Ps 34:12-22 Pr 3:2,16 9:11 10:27 * sware. See on ch. # 6:18 9:5 * a land. See on # Ex 3:8 Eze 20:6 * wateredst it with thy foot. Rain seldom falls in Egypt; the land being chiefly watered by the inundations of the Nile. In order to water the grounds where the inundations do not extend, water is collected in ponds, and directed in streamlets to the different parts of the field where irrigation is necessary. It is no unusual thing in the East to see a man, with a small mattock, making a little trench for the water to run into; and, as he opens the passage, the water following, he uses his foot to raise up the mould against the side of this little channel, to prevent the water from being shed unnecessarily, before it reaches the place of its destination. Hence he may justly be said to water the ground with his foot. # Zec 14:18 * See on ch. # 8:7-9 Ge 27:28 Ps 65:12,13 104:10-13 Isa 28:1 Jer 2:7 Heb 6:7 * careth for. Heb. seeketh. the eyes. # 1Ki 9:3 Ezr 5:5 Ps 33:18 34:15 Jer 24:6 * diligently. # 8,22 * See on ch. # 6:17 Ps 119:4 * to love. See on ch. # 4:29 6:5,6 10:12 # 28:12 Le 26:4 Job 5:10,11 37:11-13 Ps 65:9-13 Jer 14:22 # Eze 34:26 Joe 2:22,23 Jas 5:7 * And I will. # 1Ki 18:5 Ps 104:14 Jer 14:5 Joe 1:18 2:22 * send. Heb. give. eat and be full. # 6:11 8:10 Joe 2:19 Hag 1:6 Mal 3:10,11 * Take heed. See on ch. # 4:9,23 Lu 21:8,34,36 Heb 2:1 3:12 4:1 12:15 * your heart. # 13:3 29:18 Job 31:27 Isa 44:20 Jas 1:26 1Jo 5:21 Re 12:9 # Re 13:14 20:4 * and serve. # 8:19 30:17 * the Lord's. See on ch. # 6:15 30:17,18 * shut up. # 28:23,24 1Ki 8:35 17:1 2Ch 6:26 7:13 Jer 14:1-6 Am 4:7 # Hag 1:9-11 * ye perish. # 4:26 8:19,20 30:18 Jos 23:13-16 * ye lay up. See on ch. # 6:6-9 32:46 Ex 13:9,16 Ps 119:11 Pr 3:1 6:20-23 7:2,3 # Col 3:16 Heb 2:1 2Pe 1:12 3:1,2 * a sign. # Mt 23:5 # 4:9,10 6:7 Ps 34:11 78:5,6 Pr 2:1 4:1-27 Isa 38:19 # 6:9 * your days. See on ch. # 4:40 5:16 6:2 Pr 3:2,16 4:10 9:11 * as the days. # Ps 72:5 89:28,29 Isa 65:20 Re 20:6 * if ye shall. See on ver. # 13 6:17 * to love. See on ver. # 13 Mt 22:37 2Ti 4:8 1Jo 5:2,3 * to cleave. See on ch. # 10:20 30:20 Ge 2:24 Ac 11:23 2Co 11:2,3 # 4:38 7:1,2,22,23 9:1,5 Ex 23:27-30 34:11 # Ge 15:18-21 Ex 23:31 Nu 34:3-15 Jos 1:3,4 14:9 1Ki 4:21,24 # 2Ch 9:26 * There shall. See on ch. # 2:25 7:24 Jos 1:5 2:9 5:1 * as he hath. # Ex 23:27 # 30:1,15-20 Ga 3:10,13,14 # 28:1-14 Le 26:3-13 Ps 19:11 Isa 1:19 3:10 Mt 5:3-12 25:31-46 # Lu 11:28 Joh 13:17 14:21-23 Ro 2:7 Jas 1:25 Re 22:14 # 28:15-68 29:19-28 Le 26:14-32 Isa 1:20 3:11 Mt 25:41 Ro 2:8,9 # Ga 3:10 * put the blessing. # 27:12-26 Jos 8:30-35 * Gerizim. Gerizim and Ebal, mountains west of Jordan, and in the tribe of Ephraim, are opposite, or parallel to each other, extending from east to west; mount Gerizim being on the south, and mount Ebal on the north. They are separated by the beautiful valley in which Shechem or Nablous is situated, which is only about 200 paces in width. Both mountains are much alike in length, height, and figure; being about a league in length, in the form of a semicircle, and so steep, on the side of Shechem, that there is scarcely any shelving: their altitude appeared to Mr. Buckingham nearly equal, not exceeding 700 or 800 feet from the level of the valley, which is itself elevated. But though they resemble each other in these particulars, yet in another they are very dissimilar; for, says Maundrell, "though neither of the mountains has much to boast of as to its pleasantness, yet, as one passes between them, Gerizim seems to discover a somewhat more verdant, fruitful aspect then Ebal: the reason of which may be, because fronting towards the north, it is sheltered from the heat of the sun by its own shade; whereas Ebal, looking southward, and receiving the sun that comes directly upon it, must by consequence be rendered more scorched and unfruitful." A LIST OF THE MOST FAMOUS MOUNTAINS NAMED IN SCRIPTURE Amalek, in the tribe of Ephraim. Jud 12:15. Calvary, near Jerusalem. Lu 23:33. Carmel, near the Mediterranean. Jos 19:26 Ebal, near to Gerizim. Jos 8:30. En-gedi, near the Dead Sea. Jos 15:62. Gaash, in the tribe of Ephraim. Jos 24:30. Gilboa, south of the valley of Israel. 2Sa 1:21. Gilead, beyond Jordan. Ge 31:21-25 Gerizim, on which afterwards stood a temple of the Samaritans. Jud 9:7. Hermon, beyond Jordan. Jos 11:3. Hor, in Idumæa. Nu 20:22. Horeb, in Arabia Petræa, near to Sinai. De 1:2. Lebanon, separates Syria from Palestine. De 3:25. Moriah, where the temple was built. 2Ch 3:1. Nebo, part of the mountains of Abarim. Nu 32:3. Olives, east of Jerusalem, divided only by brook Kidron. 1Ki 11:1, 7. 2Ki 23:13. Ac 1:12. Paran, in Arabia Petræa. Ge 14:6. De 1:1. Pisgah, beyond Jordan. Nu 21:20. De 34:1. Seir, in Idumæ. Ge 14:6. Sinai, in Arabia Petræa. Ex 19:2. De 33:2. Sion, near to mount Moriah. 2Sa 5:7. Tabor, in the Lower Galilee. Jud 4:6. * Gilgal. # Ge 12:6 Jos 5:9 Jud 7:1 # 9:1 Jos 1:11 3:13-17 * See on ch. # 5:32,33 12:32 Ps 119:6 Mt 7:21-27 28:20 Lu 1:6 Joh 15:14 # 1Th 4:1,2 1 Monuments of idolatry are to be destroyed. 4 The place of God's service to be kept. 15 Blood is forbidden. 16 Blood is forbidden. 17 Holy things must be eaten in the holy place. 18 Holy things must be eaten in the holy place. 19 The Levite is not to be forsaken. 20 Blood is forbidden. 26 Holy things must be eaten in the holy place. 29 Idolatry is not to be enquired after. * the statues. See on ch. # 4:1,2,5,45 6:1,2 * all the days. # 19 4:19 1Ki 8:40 Job 7:1 Ps 104:33 146:2 * utterly. See on ch. # 7:5,25,26 Ex 23:24 34:12-17 Nu 33:51,52 Jud 2:2 * posses. or, inherit. # Nu 22:41 2Ki 16:4 17:10,11 23:13 Jer 3:6 Eze 20:28,29 Ho 4:13 * ye shall. # Nu 33:52 Jud 2:2 2Ch 31:1 * overthrow. Heb. break down. and burn. # 1Ki 15:13 2Ki 18:4 23:14 2Ch 14:3 19:3 34:3 Jer 17:2 Mic 5:14 * and destroy. # Ex 23:13 Ps 16:4 Ho 2:17 Zec 13:2 Re 13:1 # 30,31 16:21,22 20:18 Le 20:23 * But unto. # 11 16:2 26:2 Jos 9:27 18:1 1Ki 8:16,20,29 14:21 1Ch 22:1 # 2Ch 7:12 Ps 78:68 87:2,3 Joh 4:20-22 Heb 12:22 Re 14:1 * habitation. # Ex 15:2 25:22 Nu 7:89 1Ki 8:27 Ps 132:13,14 Isa 66:1,2 # Ac 7:48-50 Eph 2:20-22 Col 2:9 * your burnt. # Le 17:3-9 Eze 20:40 * tithes. # 17 14:22-26 15:19,20 26:2 Le 27:32,33 Nu 18:15-17 Mal 3:8,10 # Lu 11:42 18:12 * And there. # 18 14:23,26 15:20 Isa 23:18 * ye shall. # 12,18 16:11-15 26:11 27:7 Le 23:40 Ps 128:1,2 Mal 2:13 # Ac 2:46 Php 4:4 * every man. # Nu 15:39 Jud 17:6 21:25 Pr 21:2 Am 5:25 Ac 7:42 # 25:19 1Ki 8:56 1Ch 23:25 Mic 2:10 Heb 4:8,9 1Pe 1:3,4 * But when. # 3:27 4:22 9:1 11:31 Jos 3:17 4:1,12 * ye dwell. # 33:12,28 Le 25:18,19 1Sa 7:12 1Ki 4:25 Ps 4:8 Pr 1:33 # Jer 23:6 32:37 33:11 Eze 28:26 34:25,28 38:8 * a place. See on ver. # 5,14,18,21,26 14:23 15:20 16:2-8 17:8 18:6 23:16 26:2 31:11 # Jos 18:1 1Ki 8:13,29 Ps 78:68 Jer 7:12 Joh 4:20-23 * your choice. Heb. the choice of your. * And ye. See on ver. # 7 14:26,27 1Ki 8:66 2Ch 29:36 30:21-26 Ne 8:10-12 Ps 100:1,2 # Ps 147:1 1Jo 1:3,4 * the Levite. # 19 14:27,29 16:11,14 18:6 26:12 * forasmuch. # 10:9 18:1,2 * See on # Nu 18:20,23,24,26 Jos 13:14,33 14:4 This was directly opposed to the customs of the heathen idolaters, in offering their sacrifices on the tops of hills and mountains. # 6 Le 17:2-5 1Ki 12:28-32 15:34 2Ch 15:17 # 5,11 Ps 5:7 9:11 2Co 5:19 Heb 10:19-22 13:15 * whatsoever. # 14:26 * the unclean. # 21,22 14:5 15:22,23 Le 17:3-5 Of the propriety of eating clean animals there could be no question, but the blood must be poured out: yet there were cases when they might kill and eat in all their gates such as the roebuck and the hart, or all clean wild beasts; for these being taken in hunting, and frequently shot by arrows, their blood could not be poured out at the altar # 23,24 15:23 Ge 9:4 * See on # Le 7:26,27 17:10-13 Ac 15:29 1Ti 4:4 * the tithe. See on ver. # 6,11 14:22-29 26:12,14 Le 27:30-32 Nu 18:21-24 * thou must. See on ver. # 11,12,19 14:23 15:20 * rejoice. See on ver. # 7 Ps 32:11 68:3 Pr 3:17 Isa 12:3 Ac 2:46 16:34 1Co 10:31 # Ga 5:22 Php 3:1-3 * Take. # 14:27-29 2Ch 11:13,14 31:4-21 Ne 10:34-39 1Co 9:10-14 * as long, etc. Heb. all thy days. See on ver. # 1 * shall. # 1Ch 4:10 * as he hath. See on ch. # 11:24 19:8 Ge 15:18-21 28:14 Ex 23:31 34:24 * I will. See on ver. # 15 Ge 31:30 Nu 11:4,20,34 2Sa 13:39 23:15 Ps 63:1 84:2 107:9 # Ps 119:20,40,174 2Co 9:14 Php 1:8 2:26 * to put. # 5,11 14:23,24 16:6,11 26:2 Ex 20:24 1Ki 14:21 2Ch 12:13 # Ezr 6:12 * See on ver. # 15,16 * sure. Heb. strong. the blood is. # Ge 9:4 Le 3:16,17 17:11,14 Mt 20:28 Re 5:9 # 16 15:23 * that it. # 28 * See on ch. # 4:40 5:16 Ps 112:2 Isa 3:10 48:18,19 Eze 33:25 * when. See on ch. # 6:18 13:18 Ex 15:26 1Ki 11:38 Ec 2:26 * holy. # 6,11,18 Nu 5:9,10 18:19 * thy vows. See on # Ge 28:20 Le 22:18-33 1Sa 1:21-24 Ps 66:13-15 * thy burnt. See on # Le 1:5,9,13 17:11 * and the blood. # Le 4:30 17:11 * Observe. # 24:8 * See on # Ex 34:11 Le 19:37 2Ch 7:17 Ne 1:5 Ps 105:45 Eze 37:24 # Joh 15:3,10,14 * that it may. See on ver. # 25 * cut off. # 9:3 19:1 Ex 23:23 Jos 23:4 Ps 78:55 * succeedest. Heb. inheritest. or, possessest. * that thou. # 7:16 Ex 23:31-33 Le 18:3 Nu 33:52 Jud 2:2,3 2Ki 17:15 # Ps 106:34-38 Eze 20:28 * by following. Heb. after. How did. # Jer 10:2 Eze 20:32 Ro 12:2 Eph 4:17 1Pe 4:3,4 * Thou. # 4 18:9 Ex 23:2 Le 18:3,26-30 2Ki 17:15-17 21:2 2Ch 33:2 # 2Ch 36:14 * abomination to the. Heb. abomination of the. even their sons. The unnatural and horrid practice of offering human sacrifices not only existed, but universally prevailed among ancient nations. We have already (Note on Lev 20:2) referred to the custom among the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, descendants from the Canaanitish nations, of sacrificing their children to Moloch, or Saturn; and we will now cite a passage from Diodorus Siculus, (lib. xx.) which immediately precedes that already produced relative to this barbarous custom. He states that the Carthaginians imputed their being besieged by Agathocles to the anger of Saturn, because, instead of sacrificing the best of their own children, as formerly, they had sacrificed children bought for that purpose. "In haste, therefore, to rectify their errors, they chose 200 of the noblest children, and publicly sacrificed them! Others, accused of irreligion, voluntarily gave themselves up, to the number of no less than 300!" # 18:10 Le 18:21 20:2 Jer 7:31 32:35 Eze 20:31 23:27 Mic 6:7 * thou shalt not. # 4:2 13:18 Jos 1:7 Pr 30:6 Mt 28:20 Re 22:18,19 1 Enticers to idolatry; 6 how near soever unto thee; 9 are to be stoned to death. 12 Idolatrous cities are not to be spared. * a prophet. That is, one pretending to the divine inspiration and authority of the prophetic office, or a dreamer of dreams, one who pretends that some deity has spoken to him in the night season, and giveth thee a sign, {oth,} what appears to be a miraculous proof of his mission, or a wonder, {mopheth,} some portentous sign, such as an eclipse, which he, who knew when it would happen, might predict to the people, who knew nothing of the matter, and thereby accredit his pretensions. But no pretended miracles must be admitted as a proof that the people might violate the first and great commandment. # 1Ki 13:18 Isa 9:15 Jer 6:13 23:11 Eze 13:2,3,23 Zec 13:4 # Mt 7:15 24:11 Lu 6:26 2Pe 2:1 1Jo 4:1 * a dreamer. # Jer 23:25-28 27:9 29:8,24 *marg: # Zec 10:2 # 18:22 Ex 7:22 1Ki 13:3 Jer 28:9 Mt 7:22,23 24:24 2Co 11:13-15 # 2Th 2:9-11 Re 13:13,14 * hearken. # Isa 8:20 Ac 17:11 Eph 4:14 1Jo 4:1 * proveth. See on ch. # 8:2 Ps 66:10 81:7 Mt 24:24 1Co 11:19 2Th 2:11 1Jo 2:19 4:4 # Re 13:14 * ye love the Lord your God. See on ch. # 6:5 2Co 8:8 * walk. See on ch. # 6:13 2Ki 23:3 2Ch 34:31 Mic 6:8 Lu 1:6 Col 1:10 1Th 4:1,2 * and obey. # Jer 7:23 * and cleave. See on ch. # 10:20 30:20 Ro 6:13 1Co 6:17 * prophet. # 18:20 1Ki 18:40 Isa 9:14,15 28:17,18 Jer 14:15 28:15-17 # Jer 29:21,22 Zec 13:3 Re 19:20 * spoken. Heb. spoken revolt against the Lord. turn you. # 10 7:4 Jer 50:6 Ac 13:8 2Ti 4:4,5 * put the evil away from the midst. # 17:7 19:19 22:21,24 24:7 1Co 5:13 Heb 12:14,15 * thy brother. # 17:2,3 28:54 Ge 16:5 Pr 5:20 18:24 Mic 7:5-7 Mt 12:48-50 # 2Co 5:16 * which is. # 1Sa 18:1,3 20:17 2Sa 1:26 * entice. # Job 31:27 Ga 2:4 Eph 4:14 Col 2:4 2Pe 2:1 1Jo 2:26,27 Re 12:9 # Re 13:14 20:3 * which thou. # 32:16-18 Jud 2:13 5:8 10:6 1Ki 11:5-7 2Ki 17:30,31 # 7 * consent. # Ex 20:3 Pr 1:10 Ga 1:8,9 1Jo 5:21 * shall thine. See on ch. # 7:16 19:13 Eze 5:11 9:5,6 * But. # 17:2-7 Mt 10:37 Lu 14:26 * thine hand. # 17:7 Joh 8:7 Ac 7:58 * stone him. # 21:21 Le 20:2,27 24:14-16,23 Nu 15:35,36 Jos 7:25 2Ch 24:21 By this law, every Israelite was bound in conscience to inform against, to prosecute, and to assist at the execution of any one, even the nearest relation or friend, who attempted to persuade him to idolatry; yet it is observable that parents and husbands are not expressly mentioned in the list of those who were thus publicly accused.--Scott. * which brought. See on # Ex 20:2 * bondage. Heb. bondmen. # 17:13 19:20 Pr 19:25 21:11 1Ti 5:20 # Jos 22:11-34 Jud 20:1,2-17 * the children. or, naughty men. # Jud 19:22 20:13 1Sa 2:12 10:27 25:17,25 2Sa 16:7 20:1 23:6 # 1Ki 21:10,13 2Ch 13:7 Joh 8:44 2Co 6:15 1Jo 3:10 * Belial. Belial is derived by some from {beli,} not, and {âl,} over, i.e., one so proud and envious as not to bear a superior; by others, from {beli,} not, and {ol,} a yoke, i.e., a lawless, ungovernable person, [ ,] "lawless men," as the LXX render. It is, however, more probably derived from {beli,} not, and {yäâl}, profit, i.e., a worthless person, good for nothing to himself or others, and capable of nothing but mischief. * are gone. # 4:19 2Ki 17:21 1Jo 2:19 Jude 1:19 * Let us. # 2,6 # 17:4 10:18 Nu 35:30 Isa 11:3,4 Joh 7:24 1Ti 5:19 * destroying it utterly. # 2:34 7:2,16 Ex 22:20 23:24 Le 27:28 Jos 6:17-21,24 Jud 20:48 # Re 17:16 18:18-24 19:2,3 * burn with. # Jos 6:24 * an heap. # Nu 21:2,3 Jos 6:26 8:28 Isa 17:1 25:2 Jer 49:2 Mic 1:6 * cleave. See on ch. # 7:26 Jos 6:18 7:1 * cursed. or, devoted. See on # Le 27:28,29 1Co 16:22 * the Lord. # Jos 6:26 7:26 22:20 Ps 78:38 * and shew. # Ex 20:6 La 3:32 * and multiply. # Eze 37:26 * as he hath. # Ge 22:16,17 26:4,24 28:14 * to keep. See on ch. # 12:25,28,32 Ps 119:6 Mt 6:33 7:21,24 1 God's children are not to disfigure themselves in mourning. 3 What may, and what may not be eaten; 4 of beasts; 9 of fishes; 11 of fowls. 21 That which dieth of itself may not be eaten. 22 Tithes of divine service. 23 Tithes and firstlings to be eaten before the Lord. 28 The third year's tithe of alms and charity. * the children. # Ge 6:2,4 Ex 4:22,23 Ps 82:6,7 Jer 3:19 Ho 1:10 Joh 1:12 11:52 # Ro 8:16 9:8,26 2Co 6:18 Ga 3:26 Heb 2:10 1Jo 3:1,2,10 5:2 * ye shall not. The heathen nations not only did these things in honour of their gods, but in grief for the death of a relative. # Le 19:27,28 21:5 Jer 16:6 41:5 47:5 1Th 4:13 # 21 * See on ch. # 7:6 26:18,19 28:9 Ex 19:5,6 Le 11:45 19:2 20:26 Isa 6:13 # Isa 62:12 Eze 21:2 Da 8:24 12:7 Tit 2:14 1Pe 2:9 # Le 11:43 20:25 Isa 65:4 Eze 4:14 Ac 10:12-14 Ro 14:14 # 1Co 10:28 Tit 1:15 # Le 11:2-8 1Ki 4:23 * the wild goat. The word {akko,} according to the LXX. and Vulgate, signifies the {tragelephus,} or goat-deer; so called from its resemblance to both species. Dr. Shaw states that an animal of this kind is found in the East, where it is called {fishtûll,} and {lerwee.} pygarg. or, bison. Heb. dishon. The {pygarg,} [ ,] or white-buttocks, according to the LXX.; and Dr. Shaw states that the {liâmee,} as the Africans call it, is exactly such an animal; being of the same shape and colour as the antelope, and of the size of a roebuck. * the wild ox. {Theo,} probably the {oryx} of the Greeks, a species of large stag; and the {Bekkar el wash} of Dr. Shaw. # 5 # Ps 1:1,2 Pr 18:1 2Co 6:17 On this verse remark, that the clean beast must both chew the cud and part the hoof: two distinct characteristics, or general signs, by which the possibility of error arising from the misinterpretation of names is obviated. When God directs, his commands are not of doubtful interpretation. # Mt 7:22,23,26 2Ti 3:5 Tit 1:16 2Pe 2:18-22 * the swine. # Isa 65:4 66:3,17 Lu 15:15,16 2Pe 2:22 * touch. # Le 11:26,27 # Le 11:9-12 # 10 # 11 * See on # Le 11:13-19 * the glede. {Raâh,} probably the same as {daâh,} rendered vulture in Le 11:14, where six of Dr. Kennicott's codices read some animal of the hawk or vulture kind: LXX. [ ,] vulture. # 13 # 14 # Job 30:29 * the night. {Tachmas,} probably the bird which Hasselquist calls {strix orientalis}, or oriental owl. * the cuckow. {Shachpaph,} probably the sea-gull or mew. * the swan. {Tinshemeth,} probably, as Michaelis supposes, the goose. # 16 * gier. {Rachamah,} probably a species of vulture, still called in Arabic by the same name. * the cormorant. {Shalach,} probably the cataract, or plungeon, a sea fowl. # 17 * the lapwing. {Doocheephath,} the {upupa,} or hoop, a beautiful but very unclean bird. # 18 # Le 11:20-23 Php 3:19 # 20 * any thing. # Le 17:15 22:8 Eze 4:14 Ac 15:20 * the stranger. # Ex 12:43-45 Le 19:33,34 * an holy. See on ver. # 2 Da 8:24 12:7 1Pe 1:16 * Thou shalt. # Ex 23:19 34:26 Ro 12:2 # 12:6,17 26:12-15 Le 27:30-33 Nu 18:21 Ne 10:37 * eat before. # 12:5-7,17,18 * the firstlings. # 15:19,20 * if the place. # 11:24 12:21 Ex 23:31 * which. See on ch. # 12:5 # 25 * bestow. # Ezr 7:15-17,22 Mt 21:12 Mr 11:15 Joh 2:14-16 * thy soul. # 12:15,20,21 Ps 106:14 1Co 6:12,13 10:6 * desireth. Heb. asketh of thee. eat. # 12:7,12,18 26:11 * rejoice. # Ec 9:7 * the Levite. # 29 12:12,18,19 Ga 6:6 1Ti 5:17 * he hath no. # 29 18:1,2 Nu 18:20 * the end. See on ver. # 22 26:12-15 Am 4:4 * thou shalt bring. As the Levites had no inheritance, the Israelites were not to forget them, but truly tithe their increase. For their support, the Levites had, 1. The tenth of all the productions of the land. 2. Forty-eight cities, each forming a square of 4,000 cubits. 3. Two thousand cubits of ground round each city; total of land, 53,000 acres. 4. The first-fruits, and certain parts of all the animals killed in the land. But though this was a very small proportion for a whole tribe that had consented to annihilate its political existence, that it might wait upon the service of God, yet, let it be considered, that what they possessed was the best of the land: and while it was slender remuneration for their services, yet their portion was such as rendered them independent, and kept them comfortable; so that they could wait on God, and labour in his work, without distraction. * he hath. # 27 12:12 * the stranger. # 16:11,14 24:19-21 26:12,13 Ex 22:21-24 Le 19:34 Job 31:16-22 # Lu 14:12-14 Heb 13:2 Jas 1:27 * that the Lord. # 15:10 Ps 41:1 Pr 3:9,10 11:24 19:17 Isa 58:7-12 Mal 3:10,11 # Lu 6:35 11:41 2Co 9:6-11 1 The seventh year a year of release for the poor. 7 It must be no let of lending or giving. 12 An Hebrew servant, except he will not depart, must in the seventh year go forth free and well furnished. 19 All firstling males of the cattle are to be sanctified unto the Lord. # 31:10 Ex 21:2 23:10,11 Le 25:2-4 Isa 61:1-3 Jer 36:8-18 # Lu 4:18,19 * creditor that lendeth. Heb. master of the lending of his hand. exact it. # Ne 5:7-11 Isa 58:3 Am 8:4-6 Mt 6:12,14,15 18:25-35 Lu 6:34-38 # Lu 7:42 Jas 2:13 # 23:20 Ex 22:25 Mt 17:25,26 Joh 8:35 1Co 6:6,7 Ga 6:10 * Save, etc. or, To the end that there be no poor among you. Houbigant follows this marginal reading, to which he joins the end of the third verse, considering it as explanatory of the law; as if he had said, "Thou shalt not exact the debt that is due from thy brother, but thy hand shall release him, for this reason, that there may be no poor among you through your severity." He justly contends that the phrase {ephes kee,} can here only mean, "to the end that," being equivalent to the French {afin que.} * greatly bless. See on ch. # 14:29 28:1-8,11 Pr 11:24,25 14:21 28:27 Isa 58:10,11 * See on ch. # 4:9 11:13-15 28:1-15 Le 26:3-14 Jos 1:7 Ps 19:11 Isa 1:19,20 # Php 1:27 * thou shalt lend. # 28:12,44 Ps 37:21,26 112:5 Pr 22:7 Lu 6:35 * thou shalt reign. # 28:13 1Ki 4:21,24 2Ch 9:26 Ezr 4:20 Ne 9:27 * there be. Lest the preceding law might render the Israelites cautious in lending to the poor, Moses here warns them against being led by so mean a principle; but to lend liberally, and God would reward them. * thou shalt. # 9 Pr 21:13 Mt 18:30 Jas 2:15,16 1Jo 3:16,17 # 8 * Beware. # Pr 4:23 Jer 17:10 Mt 15:19 Mr 7:21,22 Ro 7:8,9 Jas 4:5 * thought, etc. Heb. word with thine heart of Belial. thine eye. # 28:54-56 Pr 23:6 24:9 28:22 Mt 20:15 Jas 5:9 1Pe 4:9 * he cry. # 24:15 Ex 3:7 22:23 Job 34:28 Ps 9:12 Pr 21:13 Jas 5:4 * sin unto thee. # Mt 25:41-45 Jas 4:17 1Jo 3:15-17 * thine heart. # Mt 25:40 Ac 20:35 Ro 12:8 2Co 9:5-7 1Ti 6:18,19 1Pe 4:11 * because. See on ver. # 4 14:19,29 24:19 Ps 41:1,2 Pr 11:24,25 22:9 Isa 32:8 58:10 # 2Co 9:8-11 Php 4:18,19 Heb 13:16 * the poor. Although Moses, by the statutes relative to the division of the land, and inheritance, and the inalienable nature of it, had studied to prevent any Israelite from being born poor, yet he exhorts them to the exercise of the tenderest compassion and most benevolent actions; and not to refuse assistance to the decayed Israelite, though the sabbatical year drew nigh. # Pr 22:2 Mt 26:11 Mr 14:7 Joh 12:8 * Thou shalt. See on ver. # 8 Mt 5:42 Lu 12:33 Ac 2:45 4:32-35 11:28-30 2Co 8:2-9 # 1Jo 3:16-18 * See on ver. # 1 Ex 21:2-6 Le 25:39-41 Jer 34:14 Joh 8:35,36 This is a most humane and merciful addition to the law in Ex 21:2-11; enforced upon the Israelites by the consideration of their Egyptian bondage. As a faithful servant has made no property for himself while honestly serving his master, so now, when he quits his service, he has nothing to begin the world with except what the kindness of his master may bestow upon him as a remuneration for his zeal and fidelity. Though what was to be bestowed upon servants is not fixed, yet they were to be liberally supplied. (ver. 14.) # Ge 31:42 Ex 3:21 Le 25:42-44 Pr 3:27,28 Jer 22:13 Mal 3:5 # Col 4:1 * the Lord. # Ne 8:10 Ps 68:10 Pr 10:22 Ac 20:35 1Co 16:2 # 5:14,15 16:12 Ex 20:2 Isa 51:1 Mt 6:14,15 18:32,33 Eph 1:7 # Eph 2:12 4:32 5:1,2 Tit 2:14 1Jo 3:16 4:9-11 * See on # Ex 21:5,6 Ps 40:6,8 * for ever. # Le 25:39-42 1Sa 1:22 * shall not. # 10 * a double. # Isa 16:14 21:16 Lu 17:7,8 * the firstling. # Ex 13:2,12 34:19 Le 27:26 Nu 3:13 18:17 Ro 8:29 Heb 12:23 * thou shalt do. # 12:5-7,17 14:23 16:11,14 Nu 18:15 * See on ch. # 12:5-7,17 # 17:1 Le 22:20,24 Mal 1:7,8 * the unclean. # 12:15,21,22 * the roe-buck. {Tzevee,} in Arabic {zaby,} Chaldee and Syriac {tavya,} denotes the gazelle or antelope, so called from its stately beauty, as the word imports. In size it is smaller than the roe, of an elegant form, and it motions are light and graceful. It bounds seemingly without effort, and runs with such swiftness that few creatures can exceed it. (2Sa 2:18.) Its fine eyes are so much celebrated as even to become a proverb; and its flesh is much esteemed for food among eastern nations, having a sweet, musky taste, which is highly agreeable to their palates. (1Ki 4:23.) If to these circumstances we add, that they are gregarious, and common all over the East, whereas the roe is either not known at all, or else very rare in these countries, little doubt can remain that the gazelle and not the roe is intended by the original word. * See on ch. # 12:16,23 Le 7:26 1Sa 14:32 Eze 33:25 1 The feast of the passover, 9 of weeks, 13 of tabernacles. 16 Every male must offer, as he is able, at these three feasts. 18 Of judges and justice. 21 Groves and images are forbidden. * the month. # Ex 12:2-20 34:18 Le 23:5 Nu 9:2-5 28:16 * the passover. This word comes from the Hebrew verb {pasach,} to pass, to leap or skip over. The destroying angel passed over the houses marked with the blood of the Paschal Lamb, so the wrath of God passes over those whose souls sprinkled with the blood of Christ. 1Co 5:7. As the paschal lamb was killed before Israel was delivered, so by the death of Christ, we have redemption through his blood. It was killed before the tables of the law were delivered to Moses, or Aaron's sacrifices were enjoined; thus deliverance comes to men, not by the works of the law, but by the only true passover, the Lamb of God. Ro 3:25. Heb 9:14. It was killed the first month of the year, which prefigured that Christ should suffer death in that month. Joh 18:28. it was killed in the evening. Ex 12:6. Christ suffered at that time of the day. Mt 27:46. Heb 1:2. At even the sun sets; at Christ's passion, universal darkness was upon the whole earth. The passover was roasted with fire, denoting the sharp and dreadful pains that Christ should suffer, not only from men, but God also. It was to be eaten with bitter herbs, Ex 12:8; not only to put them in remembrance of their bitter bondage in Egypt, but also to testify our mortification to sin, and readiness to undergo afflictions for Christ, Col 1:24; and likewise to teach us the absolute necessity of true repentance in all that would profitably feed by faith on Christ, the true paschal lamb. * for in. # Ex 12:29-42 13:4 23:15 34:18 * sacrifice. # Ex 12:5-7 Nu 28:16-19 2Ch 35:7 Mt 26:2,17 Mr 14:12 Lu 22:8,15 # 1Co 5:7 * in the place which. See on ch. # 12:5,11,14,18,26 15:20 * eat no. # Ex 12:15,19,20,39 13:3-7 34:18 Le 23:6 Nu 9:11 28:17 1Co 5:8 * the bread. # 1Ki 22:27 Ps 102:9 127:2 Zec 12:10 2Co 7:10,11 1Th 1:6 * for thou camest. # Ex 12:32,33,39 * mayest. # Ex 12:14,26,27 13:7-9 Ps 111:4 Lu 22:19 1Co 11:24-26 * there shall. # Ex 12:15 13:7 34:25 * neither. See on # Ex 12:10 * sacrifice. or, kill. See on ver. # 2 12:5,6 * at even. # Ex 12:6-9 Nu 9:3,11 Mt 26:20 Heb 1:2,3 9:26 1Pe 1:19,20 * roast. # Ex 12:8,9 2Ch 35:13 Ps 22:14,15 * in the place. # 2,6 2Ki 23:23 Joh 2:13,23 11:55 * Six days. # Ex 12:15,16 13:7,8 Le 23:6-8 Nu 28:17-19 * solemn assembly. Heb. restraint. # Le 23:36 2Ch 7:9 Ne 8:18 Joe 1:14 *margins # 10,16 Ex 23:16 34:22 Le 23:15,16 Nu 28:26-30 2Ch 8:13 Ac 2:1 # 1Co 16:8 Heb 2:1 * a tribute. or, sufficiency. # 16 Le 5:7 12:8 25:26 *margins # Nu 31:28,37 Pr 3:9,10 * according. # 17 Pr 10:22 Joe 2:14 Hag 2:15-19 Mal 3:10,11 1Co 16:2 # 2Co 8:10,12 9:5-11 * See on ver. # 14 12:7,12,18 Isa 64:5 66:10-14 Hab 3:18 Ro 5:11 2Co 1:24 # Php 4:4 * See on ver. # 15 15:15 La 3:19,20 Ro 6:17,18 Eph 2:1-3,11 * the feast. # 31:10 Ex 23:16 34:22 Le 23:34-36 Nu 29:12-40 2Ch 5:3 7:8-10 # 2Ch 8:13 Ezr 3:4 Ne 8:14-18 Zec 14:16-18 Joh 7:2 * corn and thy wine. Heb. floor and thine wine-press. * See on ch. # 12:12 26:11 Ne 8:9-12 Ec 9:7 Isa 12:1-6 25:6-8 30:29 35:10 # 1Th 5:16 * Seven days. # Le 23:36-42 Nu 29:12-38 * because. See on ver. # 10 7:13 28:8-12 30:16 * Three times. # Ex 23:14-17 34:22,23 1Ki 9:25 * and they shall. # Ex 23:15 34:20 1Ch 29:3-9,14-17 Ps 96:8 Pr 3:9,10 Isa 23:18 # Isa 60:6-9 Hag 1:9 Mt 2:11 Mr 12:3 * as he is able. Heb. according to the gift of his hand. See on ver. # 10 Le 27:8 Ezr 2:63 Mr 12:41-44 2Co 8:12 9:6,7 * Judges. # 1:15-17 17:9,12 19:17,18 21:2 Ex 18:25,26 21:6 1Ch 23:4 26:29 # 2Ch 19:5-11 Ps 82:2,3 Ro 13:1-6 * in all thy gates. This expression may refer to the gate of the city, as the forum or place of public concourse among the Israelites, where a court of judicature was held, to try all causes and decide all affairs. The same practice obtained among other Eastern nations. The Ottoman court, it is well known, derived its appellation of the {Porte,} from the distribution of justice and the dispatch of public business at its gates. And the square tower which forms the principal entrance to the Alhamra, or red palace of the Moorish kings of Grenada, retains to this day the appellation of the Gate of judgment, from its having been the place where justice was at one period summarily administered. * wrest. # 24:17 27:19 Ex 23:2,6-8 Le 19:15 1Sa 8:3 12:3 Job 31:21,22 # Pr 17:23 Ec 7:7 Isa 1:17,23 33:15 Jer 5:28 Eze 22:12 Mic 7:3 # Hab 1:4 Zep 3:3-5 Ac 16:37 23:3 * respect. See on ch. # 1:16,17 10:17 Ex 23:7,8 Pr 24:23,28 Ac 10:34 * words. or, matters. * That which, etc. Heb. Justice, justice. # 25:13-16 Mic 6:8 Php 4:8 * live. See on ch. # 4:1 Eze 18:5,9 Ro 10:5 # Ex 34:13 Jud 3:7 1Ki 14:15 16:33 2Ki 17:16 21:3 2Ch 33:3 * image. or, statue, or pillar. # Ex 20:4 Le 26:1 * which. # 12:31 Jer 44:4 Zec 8:17 Re 2:6,15 1 The things sacrificed must be sound. 2 Idolaters must be slain. 8 Hard controversies are to be determined by the priests and judges. 12 The contemner of that determination must die. 14 The election; 16 and duty of a king. * Thou shalt. # 15:21 * See on # Ex 12:5 Le 22:20-25 Mal 1:8,13,14 Heb 9:14 1Pe 1:19 * sheep. or, goat. any evil favouredness. # Ge 41:3,4,19 * for that. # 23:18 24:4 25:16 Pr 6:16 11:1 15:8 20:10 * within any of thy gates. The expression, "within any of thy gates," denoted all residing in the cities, and all who went in and came out at the gates of them; so that it included the inhabitants of the whole land. * man. # 5 13:6-18 29:18 * in transgressing. # 4:23 29:25 31:20 Le 26:15,25 Jos 7:11,15 23:16 Jud 2:20 # 2Ki 18:12 Jer 31:32 Eze 16:38 Ho 6:7 8:1 Heb 8:9,10 * the sun. See on ch. # 4:19 2Ki 21:3 Job 31:26,27 Jer 8:2 Eze 8:16 * which. # Jer 7:22,23,31 19:5 32:35 * enquired. # 13:12-14 19:18 Pr 25:2 Joh 7:51 * stone them. # 13:10,11 21:21 22:21,24 Le 24:14,16 Jos 7:25 # 19:15 Nu 35:30 Mt 18:16 Joh 8:17,18 2Co 13:1 1Ti 5:19 # Heb 10:28 * of the witnesses. # 13:9 Ac 7:58,59 * So thou. # 12 13:5 19:19 24:7 Jud 20:13 1Co 5:13 * arise. # 1:17 Ex 18:26 1Ki 3:16-28 2Ch 19:8-10 Hag 2:11 Mal 2:7 * between blood. # 19:4,10,11 Ex 21:12-14,20,22,28 22:2 Nu 35:11,16,19-34 * get thee up. See on ch. # 12:5 19:17 Ps 122:4,5 * the priests. # Jer 18:18 Hag 2:11 Mal 2:7 * they shall. # 19:17-21 Eze 44:24 # Mt 22:2,3 * According to. # Jos 1:7 Mal 2:8,9 Ro 13:1-6 Tit 3:1 1Pe 2:13-15 2Pe 2:10 # Jude 1:8 * to the right. # 20 5:32 28:14 Jos 1:7 23:6 2Sa 14:19 Pr 4:27 * will do. # 13:5,11 Nu 15:30 Ezr 10:8 Ps 19:13 Ho 4:4 Mt 10:14 # Heb 10:26-29 * and will not hearken. Heb. not to hearken. # Jer 25:3-14 * the priest. # 10:8 18:5,7 Lu 10:16 Joh 12:48 20:23 1Th 4:2,8 * that man. # Heb 10:28 * thou shalt. See on ver. # 7 13:5 Pr 21:11 1Ti 5:20 * shall hear. See on ch. # 13:11 19:20 * presumptuously. See on # Nu 15:30,31 * When thou. # 7:1 12:9,10 18:9 26:1,9 Le 14:34 Jos 1:13 * I will set. # 1Sa 8:5-7,19,20 12:19 * whom. # 1Sa 9:15-17 10:24 16:12,13 2Sa 5:2 1Ch 12:23 22:10 28:5 # Ps 2:2,6 * from among. # Jer 30:21 Mt 22:17 * not set. # Jer 2:25 * multiply horses. Multiplying horses for chariots of war and cavalry, or for luxury, would increase the splendour of a monarch, and form a ground of confidence distinct from a proper confidence in God, and inconsistent with it, and with considering him as the glory of Israel. Egypt abounded in horses; and the desire of multiplying these would induce the prince to encourage a trade with that kingdom; and this might make way for the Israelites being again subjugated by the Egyptians, or at least corrupted by their idolatries and vices. Whereas, it was the command of God that they should no more return thither, but be totally detached from them. Besides, they might be tempted to extend their dominion by means of cavalry, and so get scattered among the surrounding idolatrous nations, and thus cease to be that distinct, separate people, which God intended they should be. # 1Sa 8:11 2Sa 8:4 1Ki 1:5 4:26 10:26-28 2Ch 9:25 Ps 20:7 # Isa 36:8,9 Ho 14:3 * cause. # Isa 31:1-3 Jer 42:14 Eze 17:15 * Ye shall henceforth. # 28:68 Ex 13:17 14:13 Nu 14:3,4 Jer 42:15,16 Ho 11:5 * multiply wives. # Ge 2:24 2Sa 3:2-5 1Ki 11:1-4 Ne 13:26 Mal 2:15 Mt 19:5 * neither shall he. # 1Ki 10:21 Ps 62:10 Pr 30:8,9 Mt 6:19,20 13:22 19:23,24 # Lu 12:15 1Ti 6:9,17 * that he shall. # 2Ki 11:12 * a copy. {Mishneh hattorah hazzoth,} "a duplicate of this law." translated by the Septuagint, [ ,] this Deuteronomy. From this version, both the Vulgate and all the modern versions have taken the name of this book; and from it the original word, the Jews call it {Mishneh.} * out of that which. # 31:9,25,26 2Ki 22:8 2Ch 34:15 # 6:6-9 11:18 Jos 1:8 Ps 1:2 119:97-100 Joh 5:39 2Ti 3:15-17 * his heart. # 8:2,13,14 2Ki 14:10 2Ch 25:19 26:16 32:25,26 33:12,19,23 34:27 # Ps 131:1,2 Isa 2:12 Da 5:20-23 Hab 2:4 2Co 12:7 1Pe 5:5 * he turn. See on ch. # 4:2 5:32 12:25,28,32 1Ki 15:5 * right hand. See on ver. # 11 1Sa 13:13,14 15:23 1Ki 11:12,13,34,36 2Ki 10:30 Ps 19:11 # Ps 132:12 Pr 27:24 Ec 8:13 * that he. # Pr 10:27 1 The LORD is the priests and Levites' inheritance. 3 The priests' due. 6 The Levites' portion. 9 The abominations of the nations are to be avoided. 15 Christ the Prophet is to be heard. 20 The presumptuous prophet is to die. * shall have. # 10:9 12:19 Nu 18:20 26:62 Jos 13:33 18:7 1Pe 5:2-4 * they shall. # Nu 18:8,9 Jos 13:14 1Co 9:13,14 * the Lord. # Ge 15:1 Ps 16:5 73:24-26 84:11 119:57 Isa 61:6 La 3:24 # 1Pe 2:5,9 Re 1:5,6 * offer a sacrifice. # 12:27 Le 7:30-34 * first-fruit. # 26:9,10 Ex 22:29 23:19 Le 23:10,17 Nu 18:12-24 2Ch 31:4-10 # Ne 12:44-47 * the fleece. # Job 21:20 # 10:8 17:12 Ex 28:1-14 Nu 3:10 16:5,9,10 17:5-9 25:13 * come. See on # Nu 35:2,3 * and come with. # Ps 26:8 27:4 63:1,2 84:5,10 1Ti 3:1 1Pe 5:2 * unto the place. # 12:5 16:2 * as all his brethren. # 2Ch 31:2-4 * like portions. # Le 7:8,9,14 Ne 12:44,47 Lu 10:7 1Co 9:7-14 1Ti 5:17,18 * that which cometh of the sale of his patrimony. Heb. his sales by the fathers. * See on ch. # 12:29-31 Le 18:26,27,30 * maketh. # 12:31 Le 18:21-30 20:2-5 2Ki 16:3 17:17 21:6 2Ch 28:3 # Ps 106:37,38 Jer 19:4-6 32:35 * that useth divination. The precise import of the terms here used to express these unhallowed practices cannot be clearly ascertained: he that useth divination, {kosaim, kesamim,} seems a general term for the various species after specified; observer of times, {meonain,} one who pretends to foretell by the clouds, planets, etc.; enchanter {menachesh,} a diviner, either by means of serpents, or by inspecting the entrails of beasts, the flight of birds, etc.; a witch, {mecashsheph,} one who used magical fumigations, etc.; a charmer, {chover chaver,} one who uses spells, or a peculiar conjunction of words, or tying knots, etc.; a consulter with familiar spirits, {shoel ov,} a pythoness; a wizard, {yidoni,} a cunning man; necromancer, {doresh el hammaithim} one who seeks enquiries of the dead. # Ex 22:18 Le 19:26,31 20:26,27 1Sa 28:3,7,9 1Ch 10:13 2Ch 33:6 # Isa 8:19,20 47:13 Ac 19:19 Ga 5:20 * or a necromancer. # 1Sa 28:11-14 # 9:4 Le 18:24,27 * Thou shalt. # Ge 6:9 17:1 Job 1:1,8 Ps 37:37 Mt 5:48 Php 3:12,15 Re 3:2 * perfect. or, upright, or, sincere. * possess. or, inherit. hath not suffered. # 10 Ge 20:6 Ps 147:19,20 Ac 14:16 * a Prophet. # 18,19 Joh 1:45 Ac 3:22,23 7:37 * like unto me. # 5:5 34:10 Lu 24:19 1Ti 2:5 Heb 1:1,2 2:1-3 3:2-6 * unto him. # Mt 17:5 Lu 9:35 10:16 Joh 6:29 Heb 1:2 1Jo 3:23 * in Horeb. # 9:10 * Let me not hear. # 5:24-28 Ex 20:19 Heb 12:19 * See on ch. # 5:28 * raise them. # 15 Joh 1:45 * like unto. # 5:5 33:5 Ex 40:26-29 Nu 12:6-8,13 Ps 2:6 110:4 Isa 9:6,7 # Zec 6:12,13 Mal 3:1 Lu 24:19 Ga 3:19,20 1Ti 2:5 Heb 3:2-6 # Heb 7:22 12:24,25 * will put. # Isa 50:4 51:16 Joh 17:18 * he shall. # Joh 4:25 8:28 12:49,50 15:15 # Mr 16:16 Ac 3:22,23 Heb 2:3 3:7 10:26 12:25,26 * the prophet. # 13:1-5 Jer 14:14,15 23:13-15,31 27:15 Eze 13:6 Mt 7:15 # 2Pe 2:12 * in the name. # 13:1,2 1Ki 18:19,27,40 Jer 2:8 28:15-17 Zec 13:3 Re 19:20 # 1Th 5:24 1Jo 4:1-3 Re 2:2 * speaketh. # Isa 41:22 Jer 28:1-14 * if the thing. # 13:2 2Ki 20:1 Jon 3:4 4:2 Zec 1:5,6 * presumptuously. # 20 Jer 28:15-17 * shalt not. # Pr 26:2 1 The cities of refuge. 4 The privilege thereof for the manslayer. 14 The land-mark is not to be removed. 15 Two witnesses at the least are required. 16 The punishment of a false witness. * hath cut. # 6:10 7:1,2 12:1,29 17:14 * succeedest. Heb. inheritest, or possessest. # 12:29 * separate three cities. Unquestionably in imitation of these cities, the heathen had their {asyla,} and the Roman Catholics their privileged altars: and similar traditions seem to obtain in many barbarous nations, for "the North American Indian nations have most of them either a house or town of refuge, which is a sure asylum to protect a manslayer, or the unfortunate captive, if he once enter it. In almost every Indian nation, there are several towns, which are called old beloved, ancient, holy, or white towns, (white being their fixed emblem of peace, friendship, prosperity, happiness, purity, etc.) They seem to have been formerly towns of refuge; for it is not in the memory of the oldest people that human blood was shed in them." # 4:41-43 Ex 21:13 Nu 35:10-15 Jos 20:2-7 Heb 6:18 # Isa 35:8 57:14 62:10 Heb 12:13 * the slayer. # 4:42 Nu 35:15-24 * in time past. Heb. from yesterday the third day. # 6 Ge 31:2 Jos 3:4 1Ch 11:2 Isa 30:33 *margins * head. Heb. iron. # 2Ki 6:5-7 * helve. Heb. wood. lighteth. Heb. findeth. he shall flee. # Nu 35:25 Pr 27:12 Isa 32:2 * the avenger. # Nu 35:12 Jos 20:5 2Sa 14:7 * slay him. Heb. smite him in life. not worthy. # 21:22 Jer 26:15,16 * in time past. Heb. from yesterday the third day. # 4 # 7 # 11:24,25 12:20 Ge 15:18-21 28:14 Ex 23:31 34:24 1Ki 4:21 # Ezr 4:20 * If thou shalt. See on ch. # 11:22-25 12:32 * then shalt thou. # Jos 20:7,8 # 13 21:8 1Ki 2:31 2Ki 21:16 24:4 Ps 94:21 Pr 6:17 Isa 59:7 # Jer 7:6,7 Joe 3:19 Jon 1:14 Mt 27:4,5 * But if any. # 27:24 Ge 9:6 Ex 21:12-14 Nu 35:16-21,24 Pr 28:17 * mortally. Heb. in life. # 1Ki 2:5,6,28-34 * Thine eye. # 7:16 13:8 25:12 Eze 16:5 * but thou. # 21:9 Ge 9:6 Le 24:17,21 Nu 35:33,34 2Sa 21:1,14 1Ki 2:31 * shalt not remove. Before the extensive use of fences, landed property was marked out by stones or posts, set up so as to ascertain the divisions of family estates. It was easy to remove one of these landmarks, and set it in a different place; and thus a dishonest man might enlarge his own estate by contracting that of his neighbour. Hence it was a matter of considerable importance to prevent this crime among the Israelites; among whom, removing them would be equivalent to forging, altering, destroying, or concealing the title-deeds of an estate among us. Accordingly, by the Mosaic law, it was not only prohibited in the commandment against covetousness, but we find a particular curse expressly annexed to it in ch. 27:17. Josephus considers this law a general prohibition, intended not only to protect private property, but also to preserve the boundaries of kingdoms and countries inviolable. # 27:17 Job 24:2 Pr 22:28 23:10 Ho 5:10 * at the mouth. # 17:6 Nu 35:30 1Ki 21:10,13 Mt 18:16 26:60,61 Joh 8:17 # 2Co 13:1 1Ti 5:19 Heb 10:28 Re 11:3-7 * a false witness. # Ex 23:1-7 1Ki 21:10-13 Ps 27:12 35:11 Mr 14:55-59 Ac 6:13 * that which is wrong. or, falling away. # 17:9 21:5 Mal 2:7 Mt 23:2,3 * diligent. See on ch. # 13:14 17:4 2Ch 19:6,7 Job 19:16 * Then shall. # Pr 19:5,9 Jer 14:15 Da 6:24 * so shalt. # 13:5 17:7 19:20 21:20,21 22:21,24 24:7 # 13:11 17:7,13 21:21 Pr 21:11 Ro 13:3,4 1Ti 5:20 * thine eye. See on ver. # 13 * life shall. # Ex 21:23-25 Le 24:17-21 Mt 5:38,39 1 The priest's exhortation to encourage the people to battle. 5 The officers' proclamation of who are to be dismissed from the war. 10 How to use the cities that accept or refuse the proclamation of peace. 16 What cities must be devoted. 19 Trees of man's meat must not be destroyed in the siege. * goest out. # 3:21,22 7:1 * horses. # Jos 10:5-8 11:4-6,9 Jud 4:3-9 2Ch 14:11 20:12 Ps 20:7 # Ps 33:16,17 Isa 31:1 37:24,25 * the Lord. # 2:7 31:6,8 Ge 26:3 Nu 23:21 Jos 1:5,9 Jud 6:12 2Ch 32:7,8 # Ps 46:7,11 118:6 Isa 7:14 8:9,10 43:2 Ro 8:31 # Nu 10:8,9 31:6 Jud 20:27,28 1Sa 14:18 30:7,8 2Ch 13:12 * let not. # Ps 27:1-3 Isa 35:3,4 41:10-14 Mt 10:16,28,31 Eph 6:11-18 # 1Th 5:15 Heb 12:12,13 Re 2:10 * faint. Heb. be tender. tremble. Heb. make haste. # Isa 28:16 * be ye terrified. # Ps 3:6 Isa 8:12,13 57:7,8 Mt 8:26 Mr 16:6,18 Ac 18:9,10 27:24 # 1Ti 6:12 Heb 13:6 * to fight. # 1:30 3:22 11:25 32:30 Ex 14:14 Jos 10:42 23:10 2Ch 13:12 # 2Ch 32:7,8 Ps 144:1,2 Ro 8:37 * the officers. # 1:15 16:18 Nu 31:14,48 1Sa 17:18 * dedicated. # Ne 12:27 Ps 30:1 *title * eaten of it. Heb. made it common. # 28:1-30:20 Le 19:23-25 Jer 31:5 * lest he die. # Isa 65:22 Zep 1:13 * betrothed a wife. It was customary among the Jews to contract matrimony, espouse, or betroth, and for a considerable time to leave the parties in the houses of the respective parents; and when the bridegroom had made proper preparations, then the bride was brought home to his house, and the marriage consummated. The provisions in this verse refer to a case of this kind; though the Jews extend it to him who had newly consummated his marriage, and even to him who had married his brother's wife. It was deemed a peculiar hardship for a person to be obliged to go to battle, who had left a house unfinished, newly purchased land half tilled, or a wife with whom he had just contracted marriage. # 22:23-25 24:5 Mt 1:18 * lest he die. # 28:30 Lu 14:18-20 2Ti 2:4 * fearful. # 1:28 23:9 Jud 7:3 Lu 9:62 Ac 15:37,38 Re 3:16 21:8 * lest his brethren's. # Nu 13:31-33 14:1-3 32:9 1Co 15:33 * faint. Heb. melt. # 1:28 *marg: # Ex 15:15 * to lead the people. Heb. to be in the head of the people. # 9 * then proclaim. # 2Sa 20:18-22 Isa 57:19 Zec 9:10 Lu 10:5,6 Ac 10:36 # 2Co 5:18-21 6:1 Eph 2:17 * tributaries. # Le 25:42-46 Jos 9:22,23,27 11:19,20 16:10 Jud 1:28,30-35 # 1Ki 9:21,22 Ps 120:7 Lu 19:14 # 12 * thou shalt smite. See on # Nu 31:7-9,17,18 1Ki 11:15,16 Ps 2:6-12 21:8,9 110:1 Lu 19:27 # 2Th 1:7-9 * the women. # Nu 31:9,12,18,35-54 Jos 8:2 11:14 2Ch 14:13-15 20:25 Ps 68:12 # Ro 8:37 * take unto thyself. Heb. spoil. thou shalt eat. # Jos 22:8 # 15 # 7:1-4,16 Nu 21:2,3,35 33:52 Jos 6:17-21 9:24,27 10:28,40 # Jos 11:11,12,14 * thou shalt. # Isa 34:5,6 Jer 48:10 50:35-40 Eze 38:21-23 Re 19:18 * the Hittites. See on ch. # 7:1 # 7:4,5 12:30,31 18:19 Ex 23:33 Jos 23:13 Jud 2:3 Ps 106:34-40 # 1Co 15:33 2Co 6:17 Eph 5:11 2Th 3:14 1Ti 6:5 2Ti 2:17,18 # Re 18:3-5 * thou shalt not. # Mt 3:10 7:15-20 21:19 Lu 13:7-9 Joh 15:2-8 * for the tree, etc. or, for, O man, the tree of the field is to be employed in the siege. The original is exceedingly difficult. The LXX. has it, "Is the tree in the field a man, to enter the trench before thee?" The Latin Vulgate: "For it is a tree, and not a man, neither can it increase the number of those who war against thee;" Onkelos, "For the tree of the field is not as a man, that it should come against thee in the siege;" and to the same purpose the Arabic, Philo, and Josephus who say, "If trees could speak, they would cry out, that it is unjust that they, who were no cause of the war, should suffer the miseries of it." However rendered, the sense is sufficiently clear: and it is a merciful provision to spare all the fruit trees for the support of both the besieged and besiegers. # 26:6 * to employ, etc. Heb. to go from before thee. * thou shalt build. # 1:28 2Ch 26:15 Ec 9:14 Isa 37:33 Jer 6:6 33:4 Eze 17:17 * be subdued. Heb. come down. 1 The expiation of an uncertain murder. 10 The usage of a captive taken to wife. 15 The first-born is not to be disinherited upon private affection. 18 A rebellious son is to be stoned to death. 22 The malefactor must not hang all night on a tree. # Ps 5:6 9:12 Pr 28:17 Isa 26:21 Ac 28:4 * See on ch. # 16:18,19 Ro 13:3,4 * an. # Nu 19:2 Jer 31:18 Mt 11:28-30 Php 2:8 * a rough valley. As the word {nachal} signifies both a torrent, and the valley or glen through which it flows, {nachal aithan} may be rendered a rapid torrent. Many torrents in Judea are dry during a great part of the year; when not only their banks but their beds may be ploughed, and yield a crop. Hence there is no impropriety in specifying that such a place should be one that "is neither cared nor sown;" while the circumstance that the elders were to wash their hands over the heifer, whose head had been struck off into the stream, confirms this interpretation. The spot of ground where this sacrifice was made must be uncultivated, because it was considered as a sacrifice for the atonement of murder, and, consequently, would pollute the land. * shall strike. # 1Pe 2:21-24 3:18 * for them. See on ch. # 10:8 18:5 Nu 6:22-27 1Ch 23:13 * by their word. See on ch. # 17:8-12 Mal 2:7 * word. Heb. mouth. * wash their hands. Washing the hands was anciently a symbolical action, denoting that the person was innocent of the crime in question. # Job 9:30 Ps 19:12 26:6 51:2,7,14 73:13 Jer 2:22 Mt 27:24,25 # Heb 9:10 # Nu 5:19-28 2Sa 16:8 Job 21:21-23,31-34 Ps 7:3,4 * lay not. # Nu 35:33 2Sa 3:28 2Ki 24:4 Ps 19:12 Jer 26:15 Eze 23:3,24,25 # Jon 1:14 Mt 23:35 1Th 2:15,16 * unto thy people. Heb. in the midst. * shalt thou. See on ch. # 19:12,13 * when thou shalt. # 13:18 2Ki 10:30,31 * thou goest. # 20:10-16 * desire. # Ge 6:2 12:14,15 29:18-20 34:3,8 Jud 14:2,3 Pr 6:25 31:10,30 * that. # Nu 31:18 * and she shall. This was in token of renouncing her religion, and becoming a proselyte to that of the Jews. This is still a custom in the East: when a Christian turns Mohammedan, his head is shaved, and he is carried through the city, crying, {la eelah eela allah wemochammed resoolu 'llahee,} "There is no God but the God, and Mohammed is the prophet of God." # 1Co 11:6 Eph 4:22 * pare her nails. or, suffer to grow. Heb. make, or dress. {Wëâsethah eth tzipparneyha,} "and she shall make her nails;" i.e., probably neither paring nor letting them grow, but dressing or beautifying them as the Eastern women still do by tinging them with the leaves of an odoriferous plant called {alhenna,} which Hasselquist (p. 246) informs us, "grows in India and in upper and lower Egypt, flowering from May to August. The leaves are pulverized and made into a paste with water: they bind this paste on the nails of their hands and feet, and keep it on all night. This gives them a deep yellow, which is greatly admired by Eastern nations. The colour lasts for three or four weeks before there is occasion to renew it. The custom is so ancient in Egypt, that I have seen the nails of mummies dyed in this manner." * and bewail. # Ps 45:10,11 Lu 14:26,27 * thou shalt. # Ex 21:7-11 * because thou. # 22:19,24,29 Ge 34:2 Jud 19:24 * two wives. # Ge 29:18,20,30,31,33 1Sa 1:4,5 # 1Ch 5:2 26:10 2Ch 11:19-22 21:3 Ro 8:29 Php 4:8 Heb 12:16,17 * by giving. # Ge 25:5,6,32,34 1Ch 5:1,2 * that he hath. Heb. that is found with him. the beginning. # Ge 49:3 Ps 105:36 * the right. # Ge 25:31-34 * have a stubborn. # Pr 28:24 30:11,17 Isa 1:2 * obey the voice. # 27:16 Ex 20:12 21:15,17 Le 19:3 21:9 Pr 15:5 20:20 Eze 22:7 * when they. # 8:5 2Sa 7:14 Pr 13:24 19:18 22:15 23:13,14 29:17 Heb 12:9-11 * will not. # Isa 1:5 Jer 5:3 31:18 Eze 24:13 Am 4:11,12 * and bring. # 2 16:18 25:7 Zec 13:3 * he will not. # Pr 29:17 * he is a glutton. # Pr 19:26 20:1 23:19-21,29-35 * all the men. # 13:10,11 17:5 Le 24:16 * so shalt thou. # 13:5,11 19:19,20 22:21,24 * all Israel. # 13:11 * worthy of death. Heb. of the judgment of death. The Hebrews understand this not of putting to death by hanging, but of hanging a man up after he was stoned to death; which was done more ignominiously of some heinous malefactors. We have the examples of Rechab and Baanah, who, for murdering Ish-bosheth, were slain by David's commandment, their hand and feet cut off, and then hanged up. # 2Sa 4:12 * See also # Jos 8:29 10:26 So in Nu 25:4, we read, "And the Lord said unto Moses, Take all the heads (chief men) of the people, and hang them up before the Lord against the sun, that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel." Among the Romans, in after ages, they hanged, or rather fastened to the tree ALIVE; and such was the cruel death of our blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. # 19:6 22:26 1Sa 26:16 Mt 26:66 Ac 23:29 25:11,25 26:31 * thou hang. # 2Sa 21:6,9 Lu 23:33 Joh 19:31-38 * he that is hanged is accursed of God. Heb. the curse of God. That is, it is the highest degree of reproach that can attach to a man, and proclaims him under the curse of God as much as any external punishment can. They that see him thus hanging between heaven and earth, will conclude him abandoned of both, and unworthy of either. Bp. Patrick observes, that this passage is applied to the death of Christ; not only because he bare our sins and was exposed to shame, as these malefactors were that were accursed of God, but because he was in the evening taken down from the cursed tree and buried, (and that by the particular care of the Jews, with an eye to this law, Joh 19:31,) in token, that now the guilt being removed, the law was satisfied, as it was when the malefactors had hanged till sun-set: it demanded no more. Then he, and those that are his, ceased to be a curse. And as the land of Israel was pure and clean when the body was buried, so the church is washed and cleansed by the complete satisfaction which Christ thus made. # 7:26 Nu 25:4 Jos 7:12 2Sa 21:6 Ro 9:3 Ga 3:13 1Co 16:22 # 2Co 5:21 * thy land. # Le 18:25 Nu 35:33,34 1 Of humanity towards brethren. 5 The sex is to be distinguished by apparel. 6 The dam is not to be taken with her young ones. 8 The house must have battlements. 9 Confusion is to be avoided. 12 Fringes upon the vesture. 13 The punishment of him that slanders his wife. 22 Of adultery; 23 of rape; 28 of fornication; 30 of incest. * Thou shalt. # Ex 23:4 Eze 34:4,16 Mt 10:6 15:24 18:12,13 Lu 15:4-6 # Jas 5:19,20 1Pe 2:25 * hide thyself. # 3,4 Le 20:4 Pr 24:11 28:27 Isa 8:17 58:7 Lu 10:31,32 * thou shalt restore. # Mt 7:12 1Th 4:6 # 3 * thou shalt surely. # Ex 23:4,5 Mt 5:44 Lu 10:29-37 Ro 15:1 2Co 12:15 Ga 6:1,2 # 1Th 5:14 Heb 12:12,13 * woman shall not. # 1Co 11:4-15 * abomination. See on ch. # 18:12 * young ones. # Lu 12:6 * thou shalt not # Ge 8:17 32:11 Le 22:28 Pr 12:10 Ho 10:14 * But thou shalt. The extirpation of any species of birds, whether edible or birds of prey, is often attended with serious consequences, and is always productive of evil; to prevent which was the object of this law. Palestine is situated in a climate producing poisonous snakes and scorpions, and between deserts and mountains, from which it would be inundated by them, as well as with immense swarms of flies, locusts, and mice, if the birds which feed upon them were extirpated. In a moral point of view, it may have been intended to inculcate a spirit of mercy and kindness, and to prevent the exercise of cruelty even towards a sparrow; for he who is guilty of such cruelty will, if circumstances be favourable, be cruel to his fellow-creatures. * that it may. See on ch. # 4:40 * thou mayest. # Pr 22:4 * then thou shalt. The eastern houses being built with flat roofs, which were used for various purposed, as walking, sleeping, etc., it was therefore necessary to have a sort of battlement, or balustrade, to prevent accidents, by people falling off. # Ex 21:28-36 22:6 Ro 14:13 1Co 10:32 Php 1:10 1Th 5:22 * thy roof. # 2Sa 11:2 Isa 22:1 Jer 19:13 Mt 10:27 Mr 2:4 Ac 10:9 * thou bring. # Eze 3:18,20 32:2-9 Mt 18:6,7 Ac 20:26,27 * shalt not sow. # Le 19:19 Mt 6:24 9:16 Ro 11:6 2Co 1:12 11:3 Jas 1:6-8 3:10 * fruit of thy seed. Heb. fulness of thy seed. Two different species cannot associate comfortably together, nor pull pleasantly either in cart or plough; and the ass being lower than the ox, when yoked, he must bear the principal part of the weight. # 2Co 6:14-16 # Le 19:19 * fringes. # Nu 15:38,39 Mt 23:5 * quarters. Heb. wings. # Ge 29:21,23,31 Jud 15:1,2 Eph 5:28,29 # 19 Ex 20:16 23:1 Pr 18:8,21 1Ti 5:14 # 15 # 16 # 17 # 18 * he may not put. # 29 24:1-4 Mt 19:8,9 # 20 * stone her. # 22,24 13:10 17:5 21:21 Le 24:16,23 Nu 15:35,36 * she hath wrought. # Ge 34:7 Le 21:9 Jud 20:6,10 2Sa 13:12,13 * shalt thou. # 13:5 17:7 19:19 # Le 20:10 Nu 5:22-27 Eze 23:45-47 Joh 8:4,5 Heb 13:4 * See on ch. # 20:7 Mt 1:18,19 * and ye shall stone. In these laws, the betrothed damsel was considered as the wife of the man to whom she was engaged, though they had not come together; and therefore the crime was adjudged adultery. But a charitable supposition is admitted in the damsel's favour, in case she was found in a solitary place. * he hath humbled. # 21:14 Ge 29:21 Mt 1:20,24 * so thou shalt put. # 21,22,24 13:5 1Co 5:2,13 * force her. or, take strong hold of her. # 2Sa 13:14 * no sin. See on ch. # 21:22 * cried. # 1Co 13:7 * See on # Ex 22:16,17 * because he hath humbled. # 19,24 21:14 * a man shall. This is to be understood as referring to the case of a stepmother. A man in his old age may have married a young woman, and on his dying, his son by another, or a former wife, may desire to espouse her; which is here forbidden. # 27:20 Le 18:8 20:11 1Co 5:1,13 * discover. # Ru 3:9 Eze 16:8 1 Who may or may not enter into the congregation. 9 Uncleanness is to be avoided in the host. 15 Of the fugitive servant. 17 Of filthiness. 18 Of abominable sacrifices. 19 Of usury. 21 Of vows. 24 Of trespasses. * wounded. # Le 21:17-21 22:22-24 Ga 3:28 * shall not enter. It is evident that his law was not meant to exclude such Israelites either from the common benefits of civil society, or any essential religious advantages; but merely to lay them under a disgraceful distinction. This would tend to discourage parents from thus treating their children; a practice which was exceedingly common in those ages and countries. To this they were induced by the custom which prevailed, of employing such in the houses of the great and the courts of princes; so that they often rose to the highest posts of honour and authority. Some expositors therefore consider the phrase, "shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord," as meaning, that they should be incapable of bearing any office in that government which was placed over the people of God, who must thus enter a protest against this custom, and deliver selfish parents from this temptation. # 2,3,8 Ne 13:1-3 Isa 56:3,4 La 1:10 # Isa 57:3 Zec 9:6 Joh 8:41 Heb 12:8 * Ammonite. These nations were subjected for their impiety, wickedness, and enmity to Israel, (ver. 4, 5,) to peculiar disgrace; and on this account were not permitted to hold any office among the Israelites. This did not, however, disqualify them from becoming proselytes; for Ruth, who was a Moabitess, was married to Boaz, and became one of the progenitors of our Lord. # Ru 4:6,10-22 Ne 4:3,7 13:1,2,23 Isa 56:3 * Because they met. # 2:28,29 Ge 14:17,18 1Sa 25:11 1Ki 18:4 Isa 63:9 Zec 2:8 # Mt 25:40 Ac 9:4 * because they hired. See on # Nu 22:5,7,17 Ne 13:2 * Nevertheless. # Nu 22:35 23:5-12,16-26 24:9 Mic 6:5 Ro 8:31 2Co 4:17 * because the. # 7:7,8 33:3 Ps 73:1 Jer 31:3 Eze 16:8 Mal 1:2 Ro 9:13 11:28 # Eph 2:4,5 * Thou shalt. # 2Sa 8:2 12:31 Ezr 9:12 Ne 13:23-25 * prosperity. Heb. good. * he is thy. # Ge 25:24-26,30 Nu 20:14 Ob 1:10-12 Mal 1:2 * because thou. # 10:19 Ge 45:17,18 46:7 47:6,12,27 Ex 22:21 23:9 Le 19:34 # Ps 105:23 Ac 7:10-18 * enter into. See on ver. # 1 Ro 3:29,30 Eph 2:12,13 * third generation. # 2,3 Ex 20:5,6 # Jos 6:18 7:11-13 Jud 20:26 2Ch 19:4 20:3-13 31:20,21 32:1-22 # Lu 3:14 Re 19:11-14 # Le 15:16 Nu 5:2,3 1Co 5:11-13 * when evening. # Le 11:25 15:17-23 * cometh on. Heb. turneth toward. wash himself. # Le 14:9 15:5,11,13 22:6 Ps 51:2,7 Eze 36:25 Mt 3:11 # Lu 11:38,39 Eph 5:26,27 Heb 9:9,10 10:22 1Pe 3:21 Re 1:5 In such a vast camp as that of the Israelites, (See Notes on Nu ch. 1; 2,) and indeed, as Scheuchzer remarks, in every well regulated camp, cleanliness is considered as indispensably necessary. # 12 * wilt ease thyself. Heb. sittest down. cover that. # Eze 24:6-8 * walketh. # Ge 17:1 Le 26:12 2Co 6:16 * unclean thing. Heb. nakedness of any thing. We cannot suppose that this law required the Israelites to entertain slaves who had robbed their masters, or left their service without cause; but such only as were cruelly treated, and fled to them for protection, especially from the neighbouring nations. To such they were commanded to afford shelter, and shew great kindness. # 1Sa 30:15 Ob 1:14 Phm 10:19 * shall dwell. # Isa 16:3,4 Lu 15:15-24 Tit 3:2,3 * liketh him best. Heb. is good for him. thou shalt not. # Ex 22:21 23:9 Jer 7:6 Zec 7:10 Mal 3:5 Jas 2:6 * There shall be, etc. The prohibition in the text, like many others, has no direct application to practices that were common among the Israelites at that time; but was intended to guard them against the enormities which were practised among the surrounding nations. # 22:21,29 Le 19:29 Pr 2:16 * whore. or, sodomitess. # Ro 1:26 * sodomite. # Ge 19:4,5 Jud 19:22 1Ki 14:24 15:12 22:46 2Ki 23:7 Ro 1:27,28 # 1Co 6:9 1Ti 1:10 * hire. # Eze 16:33 * dog. # Ps 22:16 Pr 26:11 Isa 56:10,11 Mt 7:6 Php 3:2 2Pe 2:22 # Re 22:15 * any vow. See on ver. # 21 12:6 Le 7:16 Ps 5:4-6 Isa 61:8 Hab 1:13 Mal 1:14 # Ex 22:25 Le 25:35-37 Ne 5:1-7 Ps 15:5 Eze 18:7,8,13,16-18 # Eze 22:12 Lu 6:34,35 * a stranger. # 14:21 15:3 Le 19:33,34 * that the. See on ch. # 15:10 Pr 19:17 Isa 1:19 Lu 14:14 1Co 15:58 # 18 Ge 28:20 35:1-3 Le 27:2-34 Nu 30:2-16 Ps 56:12 66:13,14 # Ps 76:11 116:18 Ec 5:4,5 Jon 1:16 2:9 Na 1:15 # 22 * That which. # Nu 30:2 Jud 11:30,31,35 1Sa 1:11 Ps 66:13,14 116:18 Pr 20:25 # Ec 5:4,5 * hast vowed. # 1Sa 14:24 Jer 44:25-27 Mr 6:22,23 Ac 23:12,21 * thou mayest. # Ro 12:13 1Co 10:26 Heb 13:5 * then thou mayest. # Mt 12:1,2 Mr 2:23 Lu 6:1,2 1 Of divorce. 5 A new married man goes not to war. 6 Of pledges. 7 Of man-stealers. 8 Of leprosy. 10 Of pledges. 14 The hire is to be given. 16 Of justice. 19 Of charity. * hath taken. # 21:15 22:13 Ex 21:10 * uncleanness. Heb. matter of nakedness. then let him. # 3 Jer 3:8 Mt 5:31,32 19:7-9 Mr 10:4-12 * divorcement. Heb. cutting off. # Isa 50:1 * send her. # 22:19,29 Mal 2:16 Mt 1:19 Lu 16:18 1Co 7:11,12 * she may go. # Le 21:7,14 22:13 Nu 30:9 Eze 44:22 Mt 5:32 Mr 10:11 1Co 7:15 # 3 * Her former. # Jer 3:1 * thou shalt. # Le 18:24-28 Jos 22:17,18 * a man. See on ch. # 20:7 Ge 2:24 Mt 19:4-6 Mr 10:6-9 1Co 7:10-15 Eph 5:28,29 # Tit 2:4,5 * neither, etc. Heb. not any thing shall pass upon him. cheer up. # Pr 5:18 Ec 9:9 1Co 7:29 * shall take. Small hand-mills, which ground at one time only a sufficient quantity for a day's consumption; hence they were forbidden to take either of the stones to pledge, because if they did, they would be deprived of the means of preparing their necessary food, and the family be without bread. On this account they are called in the text, a man's life. The same reason holds good against receiving in pledge, or distraining for debt, any instrument of labour, by which men earn their livelihood. # Ex 22:26,27 Re 18:22 * life. # 20:19 Ge 44:30 Lu 12:15 * found. # Ex 21:16 Eze 27:13 1Ti 1:10 Re 18:13 * then that. See on # Ex 21:16 22:1-4 * and thou shalt. See on ch. # 19:19 # Le 13:1-14:57 Mt 8:4 Mr 1:44 Lu 5:14 17:14 * Remember. # Lu 17:32 1Co 10:6,11 * Miriam. # Nu 5:2 12:10-15 2Ki 7:3 2Ch 26:20,21 * When. See on ch. # 15:8 * lend thy brother any thing. Heb. lend the loan of any thing to thy brother. # 11 # 17 Job 22:6 24:3,9 * deliver. # Ex 22:26,27 Job 24:7,8 29:11-13 31:16-20 Eze 18:7,12,16 33:15 # Am 2:8 2Ti 1:16-18 * the sun. # 15 2Co 9:13,14 Eph 4:26 * in his own raiment. The raiment here referred to was most likely the same as the {hyke} of the Arabs, a long kind of blanket, resembling a Highland plaid, generally about six yards in length, and five or six feet broad; in which they often carry their provisions, as well as wrap themselves in, in the day, and sleep in at night, it being their only substitute for a bed. How necessary, then, it was to restore the {hyke} to a poor man before the going down of the sun, that he might have something to repose on, will sufficiently appear from these considerations. * shall be. # 6:25 15:9,10 Ge 15:6 Ps 106:30,31 112:9 Isa 58:8 Da 4:27 # Jas 1:27 2:13-23 # Le 25:40-43 Job 24:10,11 31:13-15 Pr 14:31 22:16 Eze 22:7 # Am 2:7 4:1 8:4 Mal 3:5 Lu 10:7 * At his. # Le 19:13 Pr 3:27,28 Jer 22:13 Mt 20:8 Mr 10:19 Jas 5:4 * setteth his heart upon it. Heb. lifteth his soul unto it. # Ps 24:4 25:1 86:4 * lest he. # 15:9 Ex 22:23,24 Job 31:38 34:28 35:9 Pr 22:22,23 23:10,11 # Isa 5:7 Jas 5:4 # 2Ki 14:5,6 2Ch 25:4 Jer 31:29,30 Eze 18:20 * pervert. # 16:19 27:19 Ex 22:21,22 23:2,6,9 1Sa 12:3,4 Job 22:8,9 # Job 29:11-17 Ps 82:1-5 94:3-6,20,21 Pr 22:22,23 31:5 Ec 5:8 # Isa 1:23 3:15 33:15 Jer 5:28 22:3 Eze 22:7,29 Am 5:7-12 # Mic 2:1,2 7:3 Zec 7:10 Mal 3:5 Lu 3:14 Jas 2:6 * nor take. See on # Ex 22:26,27 * See on ver. # 22 5:15 15:15 16:12 * When thou. # Le 19:9,10 23:22 Ru 2:16 Ps 41:1 * it shall be. # 20,21 * See on ch. # 14:29 26:13 * may bless. # 15:10 Job 31:16-22 42:12 Ps 41:1-3 112:9 Pr 11:24,25 14:21 # Pr 19:17 Isa 32:8 58:7-11 Lu 6:35,38 14:13,14 2Co 9:6-8 # 1Jo 3:17-19 * go over the boughs again. Heb. bough it after thee. # 20 * gatherest. See on ver. # 19 Le 19:9,10 * afterward. Heb. after thee. # 18 * See on ch. # 5:14,15 7:8 Isa 51:1 2Co 8:8,9 Eph 5:1,2 1Jo 4:10,11 1 Stripes must not exceed forty. 4 The ox is not to be muzzled. 5 Of raising seed unto a brother. 11 Of the immodest woman. 13 Of unjust weights and measures. 17 The memory of Amalek is to be blotted out. # 16:18-20 17:8,9 19:17-19 Ex 23:6,7 2Sa 23:3 2Ch 19:6-10 # Job 29:7-17 Ps 58:1,2 82:2-4 Pr 17:15 31:8,9 Isa 1:17,23 # Isa 5:23 11:4 32:1,2 Jer 21:12 Eze 44:24 Mic 3:1,2 Hab 1:4,13 # Mal 3:18 Mt 3:10 # Mt 10:17 27:26 Lu 12:47,48 Ac 5:40 16:22-24 1Pe 2:20,24 * not exceed. # 2Co 11:24,25 * vile unto thee. That is, be beaten so cruelly, that, by retaining the marks, he become contemptible in the eyes of his brethren. Amendment, and not this, was the object of the punishment. We should hate and despise the sin, but not the sinner. # Job 18:3 Lu 15:30 18:9-12 Jas 2:2,3 * shalt not. In Judea, as well as in Egypt, Greece, and Italy, they made use of beeves to tread out the corn; and the same mode of threshing still obtains in Arabia, Barbary, and other eastern countries, to the present day. The sheaves lie open and expanded on the threshing floors, and the cattle continually move round them, and thus tread out the grain. The natives of Aleppo still religiously observe the ancient humane practice, inculcated by this law, of permitting the oxen to remain unmuzzled when treading out the corn. * muzzle. # Pr 12:10 1Co 9:9,10 1Ti 5:17,18 * treadeth out. Heb. thresheth. # Isa 28:27 Ho 10:11 * brethren. # Mt 22:24 Mr 12:19 Lu 20:28 * husband's brother. or, next kinsman. # Ge 38:8,9 Ru 1:12,13 3:9 4:5 * the first-born. # Ge 28:8-10 * that his name. # 9:14 29:20 Ru 4:10-12 Ps 9:5 109:13 * brother's wife. or, next kinsman's wife. go up. # 21:19 Ru 4:1-7 # 7 * I like not. # Ru 4:6 * loose his shoe. Pulling off the shoe seems to express his being degraded to the situation of slaves, who generally went barefoot; and spitting in or rather before, (biphney) his face, was a mark of the utmost ignominy. # Ru 4:7,8 Isa 20:2 Mr 1:7 Joh 1:27 * spit. # Nu 12:14 Job 30:10 Isa 50:6 Mt 26:67 27:30 Mr 10:34 * So shall. # Ge 38:8-10 Ru 4:10,11 1Sa 2:30 # 10 * to deliver her husband. # Ro 3:8 1Ti 2:9 * See on ch. # 19:13,21 * in thy bag. # Le 19:35,36 Pr 11:1 16:11 20:10 Eze 45:10,11 Am 8:5 # Mic 6:11,12 * divers weights. Heb. a stone and a stone. {Aivenwäaiven;} because weights were anciently made of stone. Hence the expression, a stone weight, which is still in use, though the matter of which it is made be lead or iron, and the name itself shews us that a stone of a certain weight was formerly used. * divers measures. Heb. an ephah and an ephah. {Aiphah wäaiphah;} for this was the cost common measure among the Israelites, by which all the others were made and adjusted. They are not only forbidden to use divers weights and measures, one large or heavy to buy with, and another small and light to sell with, but they were not even allowed to keep such in the house. It is observable also, that these too common but dishonest actions are branded as "an abomination to the Lord," equally with idolatry, and other scandalous crimes. # 14 * that thy days. # 4:40 5:16,33 6:18 11:9 17:20 Ex 20:12 Ps 34:12 Eph 6:3 # 1Pe 3:10 * all that do. # 18:12 22:5 Pr 11:1 20:23 Am 8:5-7 1Co 6:9-11 1Th 4:6 Re 21:27 # Ex 17:8-16 Nu 24:20 25:17,18 * feared. # Ne 5:9,15 Ps 36:1 Pr 16:6 Ro 3:18 * when the. # Jos 23:1 * thou shalt. # 9:14 Ex 17:14,16 Jos 6:3 7:12,22-25 1Sa 14:48 15:1-35 27:8 # 1Sa 30:1-7 1Ch 4:43 Es 3:1 7:10 9:7-10 Ps 83:7-17 1 The confession of him that offers the basket of first-fruits. 12 The prayer of him that gives his third year's tithes. 16 The covenant between God and his people. # 5:31 6:1-10 7:1 13:1,9 17:14 18:9 Nu 15:2,18 * That thou shalt. # 16:10 18:4 Ex 23:16,19 34:26 Le 2:12,14 Nu 18:12,13 2Ki 4:42 # 2Ch 31:5 Ne 10:35-37 12:44 13:31 Pr 3:9,10 Jer 2:3 Eze 20:40 # Eze 44:30 48:14 Ro 8:23 11:16 16:5 1Co 15:20,23 16:2 Jas 1:18 # Re 14:4 * go unto. See on ch. # 12:5,6 Jos 18:1 2Ch 6:6 * the priest. # 19:17 Heb 7:26 10:21 13:15 1Pe 2:5 * which the. # Ge 17:8 26:3 Ps 105:9,10 Lu 1:72,73 Heb 6:16-18 * before the. # Mt 5:23,24 23:19 Heb 13:10-12 * A Syrian. Jacob being called a Syrian from his long residence in Padan-aram. # Ge 24:4 25:20 28:5 31:20,24 Ho 12:12 * ready. # Ge 27:41 31:40 43:1,2,12 45:7,11 Isa 51:1,2 * he went down. # Ge 46:1-7 Ps 105:23,24 Ac 7:15 * a few. # 7:7 Ge 46:27 Ex 1:5 * became. See on ch. # 10:22 Ge 47:27 Ex 1:7,12 # 4:20 Ex 1:11,14,16,22 5:9,19,23 * we cried. # Ex 2:23-25 3:1-4:31 6:5 Ps 50:15 103:1,2 116:1-4 Jer 33:2 # Eph 3:20,21 * looked. # Ex 4:31 1Sa 9:16 2Sa 16:12 Ps 102:19,20 119:132 * the Lord. See on ch. # 4:34 5:15 Ex 12:37,41,51 13:3 14:16-31 Ps 78:12,13 105:27-38 # Ps 106:7-10 Isa 63:12 * with great. # 4:34 * he hath. # Jos 23:14 1Sa 7:12 Ps 105:44 107:7,8 Ac 26:22 * a land. # Ex 3:8 Eze 20:6,15 * I have. See on ver. # 2 26:17 1Ch 29:14 Ro 2:1 1Pe 4:10,11 * And thou. # 4 18:4 Ex 22:29 Nu 18:11-13 * and worship. # 6:10-13 Ps 22:27,29 86:9 95:6 Pr 3:9 Isa 66:23 Re 22:9 # 1Co 10:31 * rejoice. See on ch. # 12:7,12,18 16:11 28:47 Ps 63:3-5 100:1,2 Isa 65:14 Zec 9:17 # Ac 2:46,47 Php 4:4 1Ti 6:17,18 * the Levite. # 1Co 9:11 * the tithes. # Le 27:30 Nu 18:24 * the third. See on ch. # 14:22-29 * hast given it. # 12:17-19 16:14 Pr 14:21 Php 4:18,19 * Levite. # 12 14:29 24:19-21 Job 31:16-20 * I have not. # Ps 18:21-24 26:1-3,6 Ac 24:16 2Co 1:12 11:31 1Th 2:10 # 1Jo 3:17-22 * forgotten. # Ps 119:93,139,141,153,176 Pr 3:1 * eaten. # 16:11 Le 7:20 21:1,11 Ho 9:4 Mal 2:13 * the dead. # Ps 106:28 Eze 24:17 * Look down. See on ver. # 7 1Ki 8:27,43 Ps 102:19,20 Isa 57:15 61:1 63:15 66:1,2 # Zec 2:13 Mt 6:9 Ac 7:49 * bless thy. # Ps 28:9 51:18 90:17 115:12-15 137:5,6 Jer 31:23 * as thou. # Heb 6:13-18 * This day. See on ch. # 4:1-6 6:1 11:1,8 12:1,32 Mt 28:20 * keep. # 6:5,17 8:2 13:3,4 Joh 14:15,21-24 1Jo 5:2,3 * avouched. # 5:2,3 Ex 15:2 20:19 24:7 2Ch 34:31 Isa 12:2 44:5 Zec 13:9 # Ac 27:23 Ro 6:13 1Co 6:19,20 2Co 8:5 * and to. See on ch. # 10:12,13 13:4,5 30:16 Jos 22:5 1Ki 2:3,4 * to keep. # Ps 147:19,20 * hearken. # 13:18 15:5 * And the. # 7:6 14:2 28:9 Ex 6:7 19:5,6 Jer 31:32-34 Eze 36:25-27 # Tit 2:14 * keep. # Ps 119:6 Ro 16:26 * high above. # 4:7,8 28:1 Ps 148:14 Isa 62:12 66:20,21 Jer 13:11 33:9 # Eze 16:12-14 Zep 3:19 1Pe 2:5 Re 1:5,6 * an holy. # 7:6 28:9 Ex 19:6 1Pe 2:9 1 The people are commanded to write the law upon stones, 5 and to build an altar of whole stones. 11 The tribes to be divided on Gerizim and Ebal. 14 The curses to be pronounced on mount Ebal. * Keep all. See on ch. # 4:1-3 11:32 26:16 Lu 11:28 Joh 15:14 1Th 4:1,2 Jas 2:10 * on the day. # 6:1 9:1 11:31 Jos 1:11 4:1,5-24 * unto the. # 3 26:1 * great stones. # Eze 11:19 36:26 * and plaister. Houbigant and others are of opinion that the original words, {wesadta othom beseed}, should be rendered "thou shalt cement them with cement," because this was intended to be a durable monument. Some suppose that the writing was to be in relievo, and that the spaces were to be filled up by the mortar or cement; as is frequently the case with eastern inscriptions. * thou shalt. # Jos 8:32 Jer 31:31-33 2Co 3:2,3 Heb 8:6-10 10:16 * this law. This law probably means only the blessings and curses mentioned in this and the following chapter; which indeed contain an epitome of the whole law. * a land. See on ch. # 6:8 26:9 Le 20:24 Nu 13:27 14:8 Jos 5:6 Jer 11:5 32:22 * in mount Ebal. The Samaritan text has in mount Gerizim; which has given rise to a violent controversy. Dr. Kennicott suppose that the Jews corrupted this passage out of their enmity to the Samaritans, who had their temple on mount Gerizim; while Dr. Parry and H. Verschuir defend the present reading: to the writings of these authors the reader is referred. # 11:29,30 Jos 8:30-33 * And there. # Ex 24:4 Jos 8:30,31 1Ki 18:31,32 * thou shalt not. # Ex 20:25 * burnt offerings. See on # Le 1:1-17 Eph 5:2 * peace offerings. See on # Le 3:1-17 7:11-17 Ac 10:36 Ro 5:1,10 Eph 2:16,17 2:16,17 # Col 1:20 Heb 13:20,21 * rejoice. See on ch. # 12:7,12 16:11,14 26:10,11 2Ch 30:23-27 Ne 8:10 Ps 100:1,2 # Isa 12:3 61:3,10 Hab 3:18 Php 3:3 4:4 * thou shalt. See on ver. # 3 * very plainly. # Hab 2:2 Joh 16:25 2Co 3:12 * this day. See on ch. # 26:16-18 Ro 6:17,18,22 1Co 6:9-11 Eph 5:8,9 1Pe 2:10,11 * See on ch. # 10:12,13 11:1,7,8 Le 19:2 Mic 4:5 6:8 Mt 5:48 Eph 4:17-24 # 1Pe 1:14-16 4:1-3 # 11 * upon mount Gerizim. Mount Gerizim and mount Ebal being only separated by a narrow valley, not above a furlong broad, what was spoken with a loud voice on the one might be heard on the other, (See Jud 9:7.) It is probable, however, that the particle {âl} should be rendered by, as it frequently signifies; for when this direction was reduced to practice, (Jos 8:33,) it seems that the people did not stand on the mountains, but over against them in the plain. But the Talmud says, that six tribes went up on each, while the priest and Levites and the ark remained beneath. # 11:26-29 Jos 8:33,34 Jud 9:7 * Simeon. # Ge 29:33-35 30:18,24 35:18 * mount Ebal. See on ver. # 4 11:29 Jos 8:33 * to curse. Heb. for a cursing. Reuben. # Ge 29:32 30:6-13,20 49:3,4 # 33:9,10 Jos 8:33 Ne 8:7,8 Da 9:11 Mal 2:7-9 * Cursed be. # 28:16-19 Ge 9:25 1Sa 26:19 Jer 11:3 * maketh. See on ch. # 4:16-23 5:8 Ex 20:4,23 32:1-4 34:17 Le 19:4 26:1 # Isa 44:9,10,17 Ho 13:2,3 * an abomination. # 29:17 1Ki 11:5-7 2Ki 23:13 2Ch 33:2 Isa 44:19 Eze 7:20 # Da 11:31 Mt 24:15 Re 17:4,5 * and putteth. # Ge 31:19,34 2Ki 17:19 Ps 44:20,21 Jer 23:24 Eze 8:7-12 14:4 * And all. See on # Nu 5:22 Jer 11:5 28:6 Mt 6:13 1Co 14:16 * Amen. To each of the curses the people were to say Amen, as well as to the blessings; to denote a profession of their faith in the truth of them, that they were the real declarations of the wrath of God; and an acknowledgement of the equity of these curses. It was such an imprecation upon themselves, as strongly obliged them to have nothing to do with those evil practices on which the curse is entailed. We read of those who entered a curse to walk in God's law. Ne 10:29. All the people, by saying this Amen, became bound one for another, that they would observe God's laws, by which every man was obliged, as far as he could, to prevent his neighbour from breaking these laws, and to reprove those that had offended, lest they should bear sin and the curse for them. # 21:18-21 Ex 20:12 21:17 Le 19:3 Pr 30:11-17 Eze 22:7 Mt 15:4-6 # 19:14 Pr 22:28 23:10,11 * See on # Le 19:14 Job 29:15 Pr 28:10 Isa 56:10 Mt 15:14 Re 2:14 * See on ch. # 10:18 24:17 Ex 22:21-24 23:2,8,9 Ps 82:2-4 Pr 17:23 31:5 # Mic 3:9 Mal 3:5 # 22:30 Ge 35:22 49:4 Le 18:8 20:11 2Sa 16:22 1Ch 5:1 Eze 22:10 # Am 2:7 1Co 5:1 # Ex 22:19 Le 18:23 20:15 # Le 18:9 20:17 2Sa 13:1,8-14 Eze 22:11 # Le 18:17 20:14 # 19:11,12 Ex 20:13 21:12-14 Le 24:17 Nu 35:31 2Sa 3:27 11:15-17 # 2Sa 12:9-12 13:28 20:9,10 # 10:17 16:19 Ex 23:7,8 Ps 15:5 Pr 1:11-29 Eze 22:12,13 # Mic 3:10,11 7:2,3 Mt 26:15 27:3,4 Ac 1:18 * Cursed. See on ver. # 15 28:15-68 Ps 119:21 Mt 25:41 1Co 16:22 * confirmeth. # Jer 11:3-5 Eze 18:24 Ro 3:19,20 10:5 Ga 3:10 1 The blessings for obedience. 15 The curses for disobedience. * If thou shalt. See on ch. # 11:13 15:5 27:1 Ex 15:26 Le 26:3-13 Ps 106:3 111:10 Isa 1:19 # Isa 3:10 55:2,3 Jer 11:4 12:16 17:24 Lu 11:28 * to do all. # Ps 119:6,128 Lu 1:6 Joh 15:14 Ga 3:10 Jas 2:10,11 * will set. See on ch. # 26:19 Ps 91:14 148:14 Lu 9:48 Ro 2:7 * come on thee. # 15,45 Zec 1:6 1Ti 4:8 * in the city. # Ps 107:36,37 128:1-5 144:12-15 Isa 65:21-23 Zec 8:3-5 * in the field. # Ge 26:12 39:5 Am 9:13,14 Hag 2:19 Mal 3:10,11 # 11 7:13 Ge 22:17 49:25 Le 26:9 Ps 107:38 127:3 128:3 Pr 10:22 # Pr 13:22 20:7 1Ti 4:8 * thy basket. By basket, may be understood the olive-gathering and vintage, in which it was employed; and by the store or remainder, all laid up for future use, or prepared for present consumption. * store. or, dough, or kneading troughs. # 5 # 31:2 Nu 27:17 2Sa 3:25 2Ch 1:10 Ps 121:8 * shall cause. # 25 32:30 Le 26:7,8 2Sa 22:38-41 Ps 89:23 * flee before. # Jos 8:22 10:10,11,42 1Sa 7:3,4,10,11 2Ch 14:2-6,9-15 19:4 # 2Ch 20:22-25 31:20,21 32:21,22 * command. # Le 25:21 Ps 42:8 44:4 133:3 * storehouses. or, barns. # Le 26:4,5,10 2Ki 6:27 Ps 144:13 Pr 3:9,10 Hag 2:19 Mal 3:10,11 # Mt 6:26 13:30 Lu 12:18,24,25 * settest. # 15:10 * establish. See on ch. # 7:6 26:18,19 29:13 Ge 17:7 Ex 19:5,6 Ps 87:5 Isa 1:26 62:12 # 2Th 3:3 Tit 2:14 1Pe 2:9-11 5:10 * sworn. See on ch. # 7:8 13:17 29:12 Ex 19:5,6 Jer 11:5 Heb 6:13-18 * And all. # Mal 3:12 * called. # Nu 6:27 2Ch 7:14 Isa 63:19 Da 9:18,19 * and they shall. See on ch. # 4:6-8 11:25 Ex 12:33 14:25 Jos 5:1 1Sa 18:12-15,28,29 # 1Ch 14:17 Jer 33:9 Re 3:9 * plenteous. See on ver. # 4 30:9 Le 26:9 Pr 10:22 * in goods. or, for good. body. Heb. belly. # Job 19:17 Ps 132:11 *margins * open. # 11:14 Le 26:4 Job 38:22 Ps 65:9-13 135:7 Joe 2:23,24 * to bless all. # 14:29 15:10 * lend. # 44 15:6 Pr 22:7 * the head. # Nu 24:18,19 Isa 9:14,15 * if that thou. See on ver. # 1 4:6-9 Php 1:27 * thou shalt. See on ch. # 5:32 11:16,26-28 Jos 23:6 2Ki 22:2 Pr 4:26,27 * the right. # Isa 30:21 * if thou wilt. # Le 26:14-46 La 2:17 Da 9:11-13 Mal 2:2 Ro 2:8,9 * all these curses. The same variety of expression is used in these terrible curses, as in the preceding blessings, to intimate every kind of prosperity or adversity, personal, relative, and public. Consulting the marginal references will generally lead to the best exposition of the terms employed; and will frequently point out the fulfilment of the promises and threatenings. * See on ver. # 2 27:15-26 29:20 Isa 3:11 Ga 3:10 * in the city. See on ver. # 3-14 Pr 3:33 Isa 24:6-12 43:28 Jer 9:11 26:6 44:22 La 1:1 # La 2:11-22 4:1-13 Mal 2:2 4:6 * in the field. # 55 Ge 3:17,18 4:11,12 5:29 8:21,22 1Ki 17:1,5,12 # Jer 14:2-5,18 La 5:10 Joe 1:4,8-18 2:3 Am 4:6-9 Hag 1:9-11 # Hag 2:16,17 Mal 3:9-12 * See on ver. # 5 Ps 69:22 Pr 1:32 Hag 1:6 Zec 5:3,4 Mal 2:2 Lu 16:25 * the fruit of thy body. See on ver. # 4 5:9 Job 18:16-19 Ps 109:9-15 La 2:11,12,20 Ho 9:11-14 # Mal 2:3 Lu 23:29,30 * thy land. See on ver. # 16 Le 26:19,20,26 Hab 3:17 * See on ver. # 6 Jud 5:6,7 2Ch 15:5 * send. # Ps 7:11 Mal 2:2 * vexation. # 1Sa 14:20 Ps 80:4-16 Isa 28:19 30:17 51:20 66:15 Zec 14:12,13 # Joh 3:36 1Th 2:16 * for to do. Heb. which thou wouldest do. until thou be. See on ch. # 4:26 Le 26:31-33,38 Jos 23:16 # Ex 5:3 Le 26:25 Nu 14:12 16:46-49 25:9 2Sa 24:15 Jer 15:2 16:4 # Jer 21:6,7 24:10 Mt 26:7 * a consumption. See on # Le 26:16 2Ch 6:28 Jer 14:12 * sword. or, drought. blasting. # 1Ki 8:37 Am 4:9 Hag 2:17 The language here is remarkable: "Thy heaven;" that part of the atmosphere which was over Judea, instead of being replenished with aqueous vapours, should become, with respect to moisture, like brass: and consequently their land would become as hard as iron, and wholly incapable of cultivation; while the clouds might give showers in abundance, and the earth be moist and fruitful in other regions. # Le 26:19 1Ki 17:1 18:2 Jer 14:1-6 Am 4:7 * make the rain. This was a natural consequence of their heaven's being brass, or yielding no rain; for the surface of the earth being reduced to powder, and frequently taken up by strong winds, would fall down in showers instead of rain. These showers of sand frequently, in the East, bury whole caravans. # 12 Ge 19:24 Job 18:15-21 Isa 5:24 Am 4:11 * cause thee. See on ver. # 7 32:30 Le 26:17,36,37 Isa 30:17 * removed. Heb. for a removing. # Jer 15:2-9 24:9 29:18 34:17 Eze 23:46 Lu 21:24 # 1Sa 17:44-46 Ps 79:1-3 Isa 34:3 Jer 7:33 8:1 16:4 19:7 34:20 # Eze 39:17-20 * the botch. # 35 Ex 9:9,11 15:26 * emerods. # 1Sa 5:6,9,12 Ps 78:66 * scab. # Le 13:2-8 21:20 Isa 3:17 # 1Sa 16:14 Ps 60:3 Isa 6:9,10 19:11-17 43:19 Jer 4:9 Eze 4:17 # Lu 21:25,26 Ac 13:41 2Th 2:9-11 * grope. # Job 5:14 12:25 Ps 69:23,24 Isa 59:10 La 5:17 Zep 1:17 # Ro 11:7-10,25 2Co 4:3,4 * thou shalt be. # Jud 3:14 4:2,3 6:1-6 10:8 13:1 1Sa 13:5-7,19-22 Ne 9:26-29,37 # Ps 106:40-42 La 5:8 Ac 21:24 * betroth. # 20:6,7 Job 31:10 Jer 8:10 Ho 4:2 * build. # Job 3:18 Isa 5:9,10 65:21,22 Jer 12:13 La 5:2 Am 5:11 # Mic 6:15 Zep 1:13 * gather. Heb. profane, or, use it as common meat. # 20:6 *marg: * ox. # Jud 6:1 Job 1:14,15 * be restored to thee. Heb. return to thee. * sons. In several countries, particularly in Spain and Portugal, the children of the Jews have been taken from them, by order of the government, to be educated in the Popish faith. # 18,41 Nu 21:29 2Ch 29:9 Ne 5:2-5 Jer 15:7-9 16:2-4 Eze 24:25 # Joe 3:6 Am 5:27 Mic 4:10 * fail. # 65 Job 11:20 17:5 Ps 69:3 119:82,123 Isa 38:14 La 2:11 4:17 # La 5:17 * The fruit. See on ver. # 30,51 Le 26:16 Ne 9:36,37 Isa 1:7 Jer 5:17 8:16 * thou shalt be. See on ver. # 29 Jer 4:17 * See on ver. # 28,68 Isa 33:14 Jer 25:15,16 Re 16:10,11 * botch. # 27 Job 2:6,7 Isa 1:6 3:17,24 * bring thee. # 2Ki 17:4-6 24:12-15 25:6,7,11 2Ch 33:11 36:6,17,20 Isa 39:7 # Jer 22:11,12,24-27 24:8-10 39:5-7 52:8-11 La 4:20 Eze 12:12,13 * there shalt thou. The Israelites, who were carried captive by the Assyrians, and many of the Jews in Chaldea, were finally incorporated with the nations among whom they lived, and were given up to their idolatry. It is probable, however, that this refers to Jews being compelled, in Popish countries, to conceal their religion, and profess that of the Romish church. # 64 * See on ch. # 4:28 Jer 16:13 Eze 20:32,33,39 * become. See on ver. # 28 29:22-28 1Ki 9:7,8 2Ch 7:20 Ps 44:13,14 Jer 24:9 25:9 # Joe 2:17 *marg: # Zec 8:13 * a proverb. The name of Jew has long been a proverbial mark of detestation and contempt among all the nations whither they have been dispersed, and is so to this day, whether among Christians, Mohmammedans, or Pagans. * shalt carry. # Isa 5:10 Mic 6:15 Hag 1:6 * for the locust. # Ex 10:14,15 Joe 1:4 2:3,25 Am 4:9 7:1,2 * for the worms. # Joe 1:4-7 2:2-4 Jon 4:7 * anoint thyself. # Ps 23:5 104:15 Mic 6:15 * thou shalt not enjoy them. Heb. they shall not be thine. for. See on ver. # 32 2Ki 24:14 La 1:5 * thy trees. See on ver. # 38,39 Am 7:1,2 * consume. or, possess. # Jud 2:3,11-15 4:2,3 10:7-10 14:4 15:11,12 1Sa 13:3-7,19-23 # 2Ki 17:20,23 24:14-16 Joh 18:31 19:15 * See on ver. # 12,13 La 1:5 * Moreover. See on ver. # 5,15 29:20,21 Le 26:28 2Ki 17:20 Pr 13:21 Isa 1:20 65:14,15 # Jer 24:9,10 La 2:15-17 Eze 7:15 14:21 * because. See on ch. # 11:27,28 Ps 119:21 Jer 7:22-25 * a sign. # 37,59 29:20,28 Isa 8:18 Jer 19:8 25:18 Eze 14:8 23:32,33 # Eze 36:20 1Co 10:11 * See on ch. # 12:7-12 16:11 32:13-15 Ne 9:35 1Ti 6:17-19 * serve. # 2Ch 12:8 Ne 9:35-37 Jer 5:19 17:4 Eze 17:3,7,12 * in hunger. # Jer 44:17,18,22,27 La 5:2-6 Eze 4:16,17 * a yoke. # Isa 47:6 Jer 27:12,13 28:13,14 Mt 11:29 * bring a nation. Though the Chaldeans are frequently described under the figure of an eagle, yet these verses especially predict the desolations brought on the Jews by the Romans; who came from a country far more distant than Chaldea; whose conquests were as rapid as the eagle's flight, and whose standard bore this very figure; who spake a language to which the Jews were then entire strangers, being wholly unlike the Hebrew, of which the Chaldee was merely a dialect; whose appearance and victories were terrible; and whose yoke was a yoke of iron; and the havoc which they made tremendous. # Nu 24:24 Isa 5:26-30 Jer 5:15-17 Da 6:22,23 9:26 Hab 1:6,7 # Lu 19:43,44 * as the eagle. # Jer 4:13 48:40 49:22 La 4:19 Eze 17:3,12 Ho 8:1 Mt 24:28 * a nation whose. # Jer 5:15 Eze 3:6 1Co 14:21 * understand. Heb. hear. * of fierce countenance. Heb. strong of face. # Pr 7:13 Ec 8:1 *margins # Da 7:7 8:23 * shall not. # 2Ch 36:17 Isa 47:6 Ho 13:16 Lu 19:44 21:23,24 * the fruit. See on ver. # 33 Isa 1:7 62:8 * which also. # Le 26:26 Jer 15:13 17:3 Eze 12:19 Hab 3:16,17 # Le 26:25 2Ki 17:1-6 18:13 24:10,11 25:1-4 Isa 1:7 62:8 # Jer 21:4-7 37:8 39:1-3 52:4-7 Eze 4:1-8 Da 9:26 Zec 12:2 14:2 # Mt 22:7 24:15,16 Lu 19:43,44 21:20-24 * the fruit. # 18,55,57 Le 26:29 2Ki 6:28,29 Jer 19:9 La 2:20 4:10 # Eze 5:10 Mt 24:19 * body. Heb. belly. * his eye. # 15:9 Pr 23:6 28:22 Mt 20:15 * and toward. The Roman armies at length besieged, sacked, and utterly desolated Jerusalem: and during this seige, the famine was so extreme, that even rich and delicate persons, both men and women, ate their own children, and concealed the horrible repast, lest others should tear it from them! "Women snatched the food out of the very mouths of their husbands, and sons of their fathers, and (what is most miserable) mothers of their infants." "In every house, if there appeared any semblance of food, a battle ensued, and the dearest friends and relations fought with one another; snatching away the miserable provisions of life." "A woman distinguished by birth and wealth, after she had been plundered by the tyrants (or soldiers) of all her possessions, boiling her own sucking child, ate half of him, and concealing the other half, reserved it for another time!" # 13:6 2Sa 12:3 Mic 7:5 * his children. # Ps 103:13 Isa 49:15 Mt 7:9-11 Lu 11:11-13 * in the seige. # Jer 5:10 34:2 52:6 * and delicate. # Isa 3:16 La 4:3-6 * her eye shall be evil. See on ver. # 54 * young one. Heb. after-birth. cometh out. # Ge 49:10 Isa 49:15 * for she shall. # 53 * If thou wilt. See on ver. # 15 Le 26:14,15 Jer 7:9,10,26-28 * fear this glorious. # 6:13 Ex 3:14,15 6:2,3 20:2 34:5-7 Ne 9:5 Ps 50:7 72:19 83:18 # Isa 41:10 42:8 Jer 5:12 Mt 10:28 Heb 10:30,31 12:28,29 # 46 29:20-28 31:17,18 32:22,26 1Ki 9:7-9 16:3,4 La 1:9,12 # La 4:12 Da 9:12 Ho 3:4 Mr 13:19 * See on ch. # 7:15 Ex 15:26 * bring upon thee. Heb. cause to ascend. # 61 * few in number. In the seige of Jerusalem there died 1,100,000 persons, and more than 90,000 were carried captive; and, having afterwards provoked the Romans by their crimes and rebellions, they persecuted them nearly to extirpation; to which, if the tens of thousands which were slaughtered year after year in every country be added, it appears wonderful that there were any remains left. # 4:27 Le 26:22 2Ki 13:7 24:14 Ne 7:4 Isa 1:9 24:6 Jer 42:2 # Jer 52:28-30 Mr 13:20 Ro 9:27-29 * as the stars. See on ch. # 10:22 Ne 9:23 Ro 9:27 * rejoiced over. # 30:9 Isa 62:5 Jer 32:41 Mic 7:18 Zep 3:17 Lu 15:6-10,23,24,32 * rejoice over. # Pr 1:26 Isa 1:24 Eze 5:13 33:11 * plucked from. # 7:22 *marg: # Jer 12:14,15 18:7 24:6 31:28,40 42:10 Da 7:8 * scatter. See on ch. # 4:27,28 Le 26:33 Ne 1:8 Jer 16:13 50:17 Eze 11:16,17 Lu 21:24 * there thou shalt. # 36 Jer 16:13 * among. After the conquest of their country by the Romans, Hadrian, by a public decree, ratified by the senate, forbad any Jew to come even within sight of Judea; and hence they were dispersed over every quarter of the globe, where they found no alleviation or respite from misery. In no country are they treated as denizens; all suspect them as enemies, and behave to them as aliens; if they do not, as had been too frequently the case, harass, oppress, and persecute them, even unto death. * shalt thou. # Ge 8:9 Isa 57:21 Eze 5:12-17 20:32-35 Am 9:4,9,10 * the Lord. # Le 26:36 Isa 51:17 Eze 12:18,19 Ho 11:10,11 Hab 3:16 Lu 21:26 * failing of eyes. # Le 26:16 Isa 65:14 La 3:65 Mt 24:8 Ro 11:10 # 67 La 1:13 Heb 10:27 Re 6:15-17 * See on ver. # 34 Job 7:3,4 Re 9:6 * bring thee into Egypt. This verse seems especially to point out an event, which took place subsequently to the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, and the desolation made by Hadrian. Numbers of the captives were sent by sea into Egypt (as well as into other countries), and sold for slaves at a vile price, and for the meanest offices; and many thousands were left to perish from want; for the multitude was so great, that purchasers could not be found for them all at any price! # 17:16 Jer 43:7 44:12 Ho 8:13 9:3 * there ye shall. # Ex 20:2 Ne 5:8 Es 7:4 Joe 3:3-7 Lu 21:24 1 Moses exhorts them to obedience, by the memory of the works they had seen. 10 All are presented before the Lord to enter into his covenant. 18 The great wrath on him that flatters himself in his wickedness. 29 Secret things belong unto God. * the words. # 12,21,25 Le 26:44,45 2Ki 23:3 Jer 11:2,6 34:18 Ac 3:25 * beside the. # 4:10,13,23 5:2,3 Ex 19:3-5 24:2-8 Jer 31:32 Heb 8:9 * Ye have seen all. See on # Ex 8:12 19:4 Jos 24:5,6 Ps 78:43-51 105:27-36 * See on ch. # 4:32-35 7:18,19 Ne 9:9-11 * See on ch. # 2:30 Pr 20:12 Isa 6:9,10 63:17 Eze 36:26 Mt 13:11-15 Joh 8:43 # Joh 12:38-40 Ac 28:26,27 Ro 11:7-10 2Co 3:15 Eph 4:18 # 2Th 2:10-12 2Ti 2:25 Jas 1:13-17 * I have led. # 1:3 8:2 * your clothes. See on ch. # 8:4 Ne 9:21 Mt 6:31,32 * and thy shoe. # Jos 9:5,13 Mt 10:10 * eaten bread. See on ch. # 8:3 Ex 16:12,35 Ne 9:15 Ps 78:24,25 * neither have. # Nu 16:14 20:8 1Co 9:25 10:4 Eph 5:18 # 2:24-37 3:1-17 Nu 21:21-35 32:33-42 Ps 135:10-12 136:17-22 # 3:12,13 Nu 32:33 * See on ver. # 1 4:6 Jos 1:7 1Ki 2:3 Ps 25:10 103:17,18 Isa 56:1,2,4-7 # Jer 50:5 Lu 11:28 Heb 13:20,21 # 4:10 31:12,13 2Ch 23:16 34:29-32 Ne 8:2 9:1,2,38 10:28 # Joe 2:16,17 Re 6:15 20:12 * stranger. # 5:14 Ex 12:38,48,49 Nu 11:4 * the hewer. # Jos 9:21-27 Ga 3:28 Col 3:11 * thou shouldest. # 5:2,3 Ex 19:5,6 Jos 24:25 2Ki 11:17 2Ch 15:12-15 * enter. Heb. pass. This is an allusion to the solemn ceremony used by several ancient nations, when they entered into a covenant with each other. The victims, slain as a sacrifice on this occasion, were divided, and and parts laid asunder: the contracting parties then passed between them, imprecating, as a curse on those who violated the sacred compact, that they might in like manner be cut asunder. (Ge 15:10.) St. Cyril, in his work against Julian, shows that passing between the divided parts of a victim was used also among the Chaldeans and other people. * into his oath. # 14 2Ch 15:12-15 Ne 10:28,29 * establish. See on ch. # 7:6 26:18,19 28:9 * he may be. See on # Ge 17:7 26:3,4 28:13-15 Ex 6:7 Jer 31:31-33 32:38 Heb 11:16 # Jer 31:31-34 Heb 8:7-12 * also with him. See on ch. # 5:3 Jer 32:39 50:5 Ac 2:39 1Co 7:14 * through the nations. # 2:4,9,19,24 3:1,2 * idols. Heb. dungy gods. # 17 * among you man. # 11:16,17 13:1-15 17:2-7 Heb 3:12 * among you a root. # Jer 9:15 Ho 10:4 Am 6:12 Ac 8:23 Heb 12:15 * gall and wormwood. or, a poisonful herb. Heb. rosh. * this curse. # 12 Ge 2:17 * that he bless. # 17:2 Nu 15:30,39 Ps 10:4-6,11 49:18 94:6,7 Pr 29:1 # Jer 5:12,13 7:3-11 28:15-17 44:16,17,27 Eze 13:16,22 Eph 5:6 * though I walk. # Nu 15:30 Ec 11:9 Ro 1:21 2Co 10:5 Eph 4:17 * imagination. or, stubborness. # Jer 3:17 7:24 *margins * to add. A very forcible metaphor, denoting the natural progress and increasing avidity of sinful passions and depraved inclinations; which lead men to drink down iniquity as the drunkard does his liquor, without regard to the consequences. Some render, "to add thirst to drunkenness;" and then it implies the insatiableness of men's sinful passions, which hanker for more and more indulgence after the greatest excesses. * drunkenness to thirst. Heb. the drunken to the thirsty. * will not spare. # Ps 78:50 Pr 6:34 Isa 27:11 Jer 13:14 Eze 5:11 7:4,9 8:18 9:10 # Eze 14:7,8 24:14 Ro 8:32 11:21 2Pe 2:4,5 * the anger. # Ps 74:1 * his jealousy. # Ex 20:5 34:14 Ps 78:58 79:5 So 8:6 Eze 8:3,5 23:25 36:5 # Na 1:2 Zep 1:18 1Co 10:22 * smoke. # Ps 18:8 74:1 Heb 12:29 * all the curses. # 27:15-26 28:15-68 * blot out. See on ch. # 9:14 25:19 Ex 32:32,33 Ps 69:28 Eze 14:7,8 Re 3:5 * separate. # Jos 7:1-26 Eze 13:9 Mal 3:18 Mt 24:51 25:32,41,46 * are written. Heb. is written. * which the Lord hath laid upon it. Heb. wherewith the Lord hath made it sick. # 22 * brimstone. # Job 18:15 Isa 34:9 Lu 17:29 Re 19:20 * salt. # Jud 9:45 Ps 107:34 Jer 17:6 Eze 47:11 Zep 2:9 Lu 14:34,35 * like the. # Ge 14:2 19:24,25 Jer 20:16 Ho 11:8,9 Am 4:11 # 1Ki 9:8,9 2Ch 7:21,22 Jer 22:8,9 La 2:15-17 4:12 Eze 14:23 # Ro 2:5 * Because. # Isa 47:6 Jer 40:2,3 50:7 * they have forsaken. # 1Ki 19:10-14 Isa 24:1-6 Jer 22:9 31:32 Heb 8:9 * they went. # Jud 2:12,13 5:8 2Ki 17:7-18 2Ch 36:12-17 Jer 19:3-13 44:2-6 * gods whom. # 28:64 * whom he had, etc. or, who had not given to them any portion. given. Heb. divided. * all the curses. # 20,21 27:15-26 28:15-68 Le 26:14-46 Da 9:11-14 * rooted them. # 28:25,36,64 1Ki 14:15 2Ki 17:18,23 2Ch 7:20 Ps 52:5 Pr 2:22 # Jer 42:10 Lu 21:23,24 * as it is this day. # 6:24 8:18 Ezr 9:7 Da 9:7 * secret. # Job 11:6,7 28:28 Ps 25:14 Pr 3:32 Jer 23:18 Da 2:18,19,22 # Da 2:27-30 4:9 Am 3:7 Mt 13:35 Joh 15:15 21:22 Ac 1:7 # Ro 11:33,34 16:25,26 1Co 2:16 * revealed. # Ps 78:2-7 Isa 8:20 Mt 11:27-30 13:11 Joh 20:31 Ro 16:26 # 2Ti 1:5 3:16 * and to our. See on ch. # 6:7 30:2 1 Great mercies promised unto the penitent. 11 The commandment is manifest. 15 Death and life are set before them. * it shall come. See on ch. # 4:30 Le 26:40-46 * the blessing. # 15,19 11:26-28 27:1-28:65 29:18-23 Le 26:1-46 * thou shalt call. # 4:29 1Ki 8:47,48 Isa 46:8 Eze 18:28 Lu 15:17 * whither. # Ge 4:14 Jer 8:3 * return unto. # 4:28-31 Ne 1:9 Isa 55:6,7 La 3:32,40 Ho 3:5 6:1,2 14:1-3 # Joe 2:12,13 Zec 12:10 2Co 3:16 1Jo 1:9 * with all thine heart. # 6:5 13:3 1Ch 29:9,17 Ps 41:12 119:80 Jer 3:10 4:14 29:13 # Eph 6:24 * then the. # Ps 106:45-47 126:1-4 Isa 56:8 Jer 29:14 31:10 La 3:22,32 # Ro 11:23,26,31 * gather thee. This seems to refer to a more extensive captivity than that which the Jews suffered in Babylon. # Ezr 1:1-4 Ps 147:2 Jer 32:37-44 Eze 34:12,13 36:24 Zec 8:7,8 * unto. # 28:64 Ne 1:9 Isa 11:11-16 Eze 39:25-29 Zep 3:19,20 * thence will the. As this promise refers to a return from a captivity among all nations, consequently it cannot be exclusively the Babylonish captivity which is intended; and the repossession of their land must be different from that which was consequent on their return from Babylon. Nor at that period could it be said that they were multiplied more than their fathers, or, as the Hebrew imports, made greater than their fathers, when after their return they were tributary to the Persians, and afterwards fell under the power of the Greeks, under whom they suffered much; nor have their hearts, as a nation, yet been circumcised. # 5 * will circumcise. # 10:16 Jer 4:4 9:26 32:39 Eze 11:19,20 36:26,27 Joh 3:3-7 # Ro 2:28,29 11:26 2Co 5:17 Col 2:11 * to love the Lord. # 6:5 Ex 20:6 Mt 22:37 Ro 8:28 1Co 8:3 Jas 1:12 2:5 1Jo 4:7 # 1Jo 4:16-19 5:3,4 # Nu 24:14 Ps 137:7-9 Isa 10:12 14:1-27 Jer 25:12-16,29 # Jer 50:33,34 51:24-26,34-37 La 3:54-66 4:21,22 Eze 25:3,6,8 # Eze 25:12,15 Am 1:3,6,9,11,13 Ob 1:10 Zec 12:3 * See on ver. # 2 Pr 16:1 Isa 1:25,26 Jer 31:33 32:39,40 Eze 11:19,20 36:27 # Eze 37:24 Ro 11:26,27 Eph 2:16 Php 2:13 * make thee. # 28:4,11-14 Le 26:4,6,9,10 * rejoice over thee. # 28:63 Isa 62:5 65:19 Jer 32:41 33:9 Zep 3:17 Lu 15:6-10,32 # Joh 15:11 * hearken unto. See on ver. # 2,8 Isa 55:2,3 1Co 7:19 * turn into. # Ne 1:9 La 3:40,41 Eze 18:21 33:11,14,19 Ac 3:19 26:20 * it is not hidden. Or as the word {niphlaith} implies, not too wonderful for thee to comprehend or perform; but easily to be acquainted with, and understood, because clearly revealed: neither is it afar off; it was proclaimed in you ears from mount Sinai, and is now proclaimed in the sanctuary: it is not in heaven; for it has been already revealed: neither is it beyond the sea; that you need travel for instruction, as the ancient philosophers did, or seek instruction from men, at immense labour and expense; but the word is very nigh to thee; brought to thy very doors; in thy mouth, and in thy heart; made so familiar as to afford a topic of common discourse, that it might be laid up in the memory and reduced to practice. # Ps 147:19,20 Isa 45:19 Ro 16:25,26 Col 1:26,27 # Pr 30:4 Joh 3:13 Ro 10:6,7 * Who shall. # Ac 10:22,33 16:9 Ro 10:14,15 * go over the sea. # Pr 2:1-5 3:13-18 8:11 16:6 Mt 12:42 Joh 6:27 Ac 8:27-40 * very. # Eze 2:5 33:33 Lu 10:11,12 Joh 5:46 Ac 13:26,38-41 28:23-28 # Heb 2:1-3 * mouth. # Jer 12:2 Eze 33:31 Mt 7:21 Ro 10:8-10 # 1,19 11:26 28:1-14 32:47 Mr 16:16 Joh 3:16 Ga 3:13,14 5:6 # 1Jo 3:23 5:11,12 * to love. See on ver. # 6 Mt 22:37,38 1Co 7:19 1Jo 5:2,3 * to keep. # Joh 14:21 * if thine. See on ch. # 29:18-28 1Sa 12:25 Joh 3:19-21 * heart. # 17:17 1Ki 11:2 Pr 1:32 14:14 2Ti 4:4 Heb 3:12 12:25 # 8:19,20 31:29 Jos 23:15,16 Isa 63:17,18 * I call heaven. See on ch. # 4:26 31:28 32:1 Isa 1:2 Jer 2:12,13 22:29,30 Mic 6:1,2 # 1Ti 5:21 * that I have. See on ver. # 15 11:26 * choose life. # Jos 24:15-22 Ps 119:30,111,173 Pr 1:29 8:36 Isa 56:4 Lu 10:42 * that both thou. # Jer 32:39 Ac 2:39 * love. See on ver. # 6,16 10:12 11:22 * cleave. # 4:4 10:20 Jos 23:8 Ac 11:23 Ro 12:9 * thy life. # Ps 27:1 30:5 36:9 66:9 Joh 11:25,26 14:6 17:3 Ac 17:25,28 # Ga 2:20 Col 3:3,4 Re 21:6 22:1,17 * thou mayest. See on ch. # 4:40 5:16 11:9 12:10 1 Moses encourages the people. 7 He encourages Joshua. 9 He delivers the law unto the priests to be read in the seventh year to the people. 14 God gives a charge to Joshua; 19 and a song to testify against the people. 24 Moses delivers the book of the law to the Levites to keep. 28 He makes a protestation. # 1 * I am an. The life of Moses, the great prophet of Jehovah and lawgiver of the Jews, was exactly the same in length as the time Noah employed in preaching righteousness to the antediluvian world. These one hundred and twenty years were divided into three remarkable periods. Forty years he lived in Egypt, in the court of Pharaoh, acquiring all the learning and wisdom of the Egyptians (Ac 7:20, 23); forty years he sojourned in Midian, in a state of preparation for his great and important mission (Ac 7:29, 30); and forty years he guided, led, and governed the Israelites under the express direction and authority of God: in all 120 years. # 34:7 Ex 7:7 Jos 14:10,11 Ps 90:10 Ac 7:23 * I can no more. See on ch. # 34:7 Nu 27:17 2Sa 21:17 1Ki 3:7 * Thou shalt not. # 3:26,27 4:21,22 32:48-52 Nu 20:12 27:13,14 Ac 20:25 # 2Pe 1:13,14 * thy God. See on ch. # 9:3 Ge 48:21 Ps 44:2,3 146:3-6 * and Joshua. # 7,8,14,23 3:28 34:9 Nu 27:18-21 Jos 1:2 3:7 4:14 Ac 7:45 # Heb 4:8 * Jesus. # 2:33 3:3-11,21 7:2,16 Ex 23:28-31 * See on # Nu 21:24-35 * And the Lord. # 7:2,18 * according. # 7:23-25 20:16,17 Ex 23:32,33 34:12-16 Nu 33:52-56 * Be strong. # 7,23 20:4 Jos 1:6,7,9 10:25 1Ch 22:13 28:10,20 2Ch 32:7 # Ps 27:14 Isa 43:1-5 Hag 2:4 Zec 8:13 1Co 16:13 Eph 6:10 # 2Ti 2:1 * fear not. # 1:29 7:18 20:1,3,4 Nu 14:9 Ps 27:1 Isa 41:10 51:12 Lu 12:32 # Re 21:8 * he will not fail. # 4:31 Jos 1:5 1Ch 28:20 Isa 41:13-17 Heb 13:5 * Be strong. See on ver. # 6,23 1:38 3:28 Jos 1:6 Da 10:19 Eph 6:10 * for thou must. See on ver. # 3 1:38 3:28 Joh 1:17 * he it is that. # 3 9:3 Ex 13:21,22 33:14 * he will be. See on ver. # 6 Jos 1:5,9 1Ch 28:20 Isa 8:9,10 43:1,2 Ro 8:31 * Moses. # 22-24,28 Nu 33:2 Da 9:13 Mal 4:4 Mr 10:4,5 12:19 Lu 20:28 # Joh 1:17,45 5:46 * delivered. # 24-26 17:18 * the priests. # Ho 4:6 Mal 2:7 * which bare. # Nu 4:15 Jos 3:3,14-17 6:12 1Ki 8:3 1Ch 15:2,12-15 # 15:1,2 * See on # Le 23:34-43 * to appear. # 16:16,17 Ex 23:16,17 34:24 Ps 84:7 * in the place. See on ch. # 12:5 * thou. shalt read. # Jos 8:34,35 2Ki 23:2 Ne 8:1-8,13,18 9:3 Lu 4:16,17 Ac 13:15 # Ac 15:21 * Gather. See on ch. # 4:10 * men. # 6:6,7 Ezr 10:1 Ps 19:7-11 Joh 5:39 2Ti 3:15-17 * that they may. # 29:29 Ps 34:11-14 * See on ch. # 6:7 11:2 Ps 78:4-8 Pr 22:6 Eph 6:4 * that thou must die. See on ver. # 2 34:5 Nu 27:13 Jos 23:14 2Ki 1:4 Ec 9:5 Isa 38:1 * I may give. # 23 * See on # Nu 27:19,20 Ac 20:28-31 2Ti 4:1-4 * presented. # Ex 34:2 Jos 24:1 1Sa 10:19 Job 1:6 2:1 Ro 12:1 Jude 1:24 * See on # Ex 33:9,10 40:38 Ps 99:7 * thou shalt. # Ge 25:8 2Sa 7:12 Isa 57:2 Ac 13:36 * sleep. Heb. lie down. {Shochaiv,} "lying down:" it signifies to rest, take rest in sleep, and metaphorically, to die. Though much stress cannot be safely laid upon this expression to prove the immortality of the soul, or that the people, in the time of Moses, had a distinct notion of its separate existence; yet is was understood in this sense by Jonathan, who paraphrases the words thus: "Thou shalt lie down in the dust with thy fathers; and thy soul {nishmatoch) shall be laid up in the treasury of the life to come, with thy fathers." # Job 20:11 * and go a. # Ex 32:6 34:15 Le 20:3-6 Jud 2:17-20 Ps 73:27 106:39 # Isa 57:3-8 Jer 3:1-3 Eze 16:15,25-36 23:5-8,9-21 Ho 2:2-5 # Re 17:2-5 19:2 * forsake me. # 32:15 Jud 2:12 10:6,13 Jer 2:11-13 * break my. # Le 26:15 Jud 2:20 Jer 31:32 * my anger. See on ch. # 29:20 32:21,22 Jud 2:14,15 Ps 2:12 90:11 * I will forsake. # 1Ch 28:9 2Ch 15:2 Jer 23:33,39 Ho 9:12 * hide my face. Though this may allude to the withdrawing of the {Shechinah,} or visible appearance of Jehovah, yet the general meaning of the expression in Scripture is, the withdrawing of his approbation and protection, of which his visible appearance was formerly the sign and pledge. # 32:20 Job 13:24 Ps 27:9 30:7 89:46 104:29 Isa 8:17 64:7 # Eze 39:23,24,29 * befal them. Heb. find them. # Ne 9:32 *marg: # Job 34:11 * Are not these. See on ch. # 29:24-27 Nu 14:42 Jud 6:13 Isa 63:17 * See on ver. # 16,17 * this song. # 22,30 32:1-43,44,45 * and teach it. See on ch. # 4:9,10 6:7 11:19 * put it in their. # Ex 4:15 2Sa 14:3 Isa 51:16 59:21 Jer 1:9 * a witness. # 21,26 Eze 2:5 Mt 10:18 Joh 12:48 * when. See on ch. # 6:10-12 7:1 8:7 * floweth. See on # Ex 3:8,17 * eaten. # 8:10-14 Ne 9:25,26 * waxen fat. # 32:15 Ne 9:25,26,35 Ps 17:10 73:7 119:70 Jer 5:28 50:11 # Eze 34:16,20 Ho 13:6 * then. See on ver. # 16,17 * this song. A sacred song, appointed to be composed by Moses, doubtless under divine inspiration; which the people were required to learn, and teach to their children from generation to generation. * See on ver. # 19 * against. Heb. before. I know. # Ge 6:5 8:21 Ps 139:2 Isa 46:10 Eze 38:10,11 Ho 5:3 13:5,6 # Am 5:25,26 Joh 2:24,25 Ac 2:23 4:28 * go about. Heb. do. * See on ver. # 9,19 * he gave Joshua. See on ver. # 7,8,14 Jos 1:5-9 * shalt bring. See on ver. # 3 3:28 Ac 7:45 * writing the words. See on ver. # 9 17:18 * bare the ark. See on ver. # 9 * in the side. # 1Ki 8:9 2Ki 22:8-11 2Ch 34:14,15 * a witness. See on ver. # 19 2Ki 22:8,13-19 Ro 3:19,20 Ga 2:19 * I know. # 32:20 * stiff neck. See on ch. # 9:6 32:20 Ex 32:8 2Ch 30:8 Ps 78:8 Isa 48:4 Ac 7:51 * ye have been. See on ch. # 9:24 * Gather unto me. See on ver. # 12 29:10 Ge 49:1,2 Ex 18:25 Nu 11:16,17 * call heaven. # 4:26 * See on ch. # 30:19 32:1 Isa 1:2 Lu 19:40 * corrupt yourselves. # 32:5 Jud 2:19 Isa 1:4 Ho 9:9 Ac 20:30 2Ti 3:1-6 2Pe 1:14,15 # 2Pe 2:1,2 * and evil. # 28:15-68 29:18-28 Le 26:14-46 2Ch 34:24 Lu 19:42-44 21:24 * the latter days. # 4:30 Ge 49:1 Job 19:25 Eze 38:8 1Ti 4:1 2Ti 3:1 Heb 1:2 # 2Pe 3:3 * See on ch. # 4:5 Joh 12:49 Ac 20:27 Heb 3:2,5 1 Moses song, which sets forth God's mercy and vengeance. 46 He exhorts them to set their hearts upon it. 48 God sends him up to mount Nebo, to see the land, and to die. # 4:26 30:19 31:28 Ps 49:1 Isa 1:2 Jer 2:12 6:19 22:29 * drop. # 2Sa 23:4 Job 29:22,23 Ps 72:6 Isa 55:10,11 Ho 6:4 14:5 # 1Co 3:6-8 Heb 6:7 * as the showers. # Mic 5:7 Zec 10:1 * Because. # Ex 3:13-16 6:3 20:24 34:5-7 Ps 29:1,2 89:16-18 105:1-5 # Ps 145:1-10 Jer 10:6 23:6 Mt 1:23 Joh 17:6,26 * ascribe. # 5:24 1Ch 17:19 29:11 Ps 145:3 150:2 Jer 10:6 Eph 1:19 * the Rock. # 18,30,31 1Sa 2:2 2Sa 22:2,3,32,47 23:3 Ps 18:2,31,46 61:2-4 # Ps 92:15 Isa 26:4 28:16 32:2 Mt 16:16-18 1Co 10:4 1Pe 2:6 * his work. # Ge 1:31 2Sa 22:31 Ps 18:30 19:7 138:8 Ec 3:14 Mt 5:48 # Jas 1:17 * all his. # 10:18 Ge 18:25 Job 35:14 Ps 9:16 97:2 99:4 Isa 30:18 Jer 9:24 # Da 4:37 Joh 5:22 Ro 1:32 2:2,5 Jas 4:12 Re 15:3,4 * a God. # Ex 34:6 Ps 31:5 98:3 100:5 146:6 Isa 25:1 Jer 10:10 # Joh 1:14,17 14:6 * without. # Job 34:10 Ps 92:15 Hab 1:13 Ro 3:5 * They have corrupted themselves. Heb. He hath corrupted to himself. # 4:16 31:29 Ge 6:12 Ex 32:7 Jud 2:19 Isa 1:4 Ho 9:9 Zep 3:7 # 2Co 11:3 * their spot, etc. or, that they are not his children, that is their blot. # Joh 8:41 * a perverse. # 9:24 Ps 78:8 Isa 1:4 Mt 3:7 16:4 17:17 Lu 9:41 Ac 7:51 # Php 2:15 * requite. # 18 Isa 1:2 2Co 5:14,15 Tit 2:11-14 * O foolish. # Ps 74:18 Jer 4:22 5:21 Ga 3:1-3 * thy father. # Ex 4:22 Isa 63:16 Lu 15:18-20 Joh 8:41 Ro 8:15 Ga 3:26 4:6 # 1Jo 3:1 * hath brought. # Ex 15:16 Ps 74:2 Isa 43:3,4 Ac 20:28 1Co 6:20 2Pe 2:1 * made thee. # Job 10:8 Ps 95:6 100:3 149:2 Isa 27:11 43:7 44:2 * Remember. # Ps 44:1 77:5 119:52 Isa 63:11 * many generations. Heb. generation and generation. # Ps 10:6 77:8 *marg: * ask. # 4:32 Ex 13:14 Jud 6:13 Job 8:8-10 Ps 44:1 77:5,6,11,12 # Ps 78:3,4 Isa 46:9 * Most. # Nu 24:16 Ps 7:17 50:14 82:6 91:1 92:8 Isa 14:14 Da 4:17 5:18 # Ac 7:48 * divided. # Ge 10:25 11:9 Ps 115:16 Ac 17:26 * he set. # Ge 10:15 15:18-21 * the Lord's. # 26:18,19 Ex 15:16 19:5,6 1Sa 10:1 Ps 78:71 135:4 Isa 43:21 # Jer 10:16 51:19 Eph 1:18 1Pe 2:9,10 * lot. Heb. cord. # Mic 2:5 * found. # 8:15,16 Ne 9:19-21 Ps 107:4,5 So 8:5 Jer 2:6 Ho 13:5 * led him. or, compassed him. he instructed. # 4:36 Ne 9:20 Ps 32:7-10 147:19,20 Ro 2:18 3:2 * he kept. # Ps 17:8 Pr 7:2 Zec 2:8 # Ex 19:4 Isa 31:5 40:31 46:4 63:9 Heb 11:3 Re 12:4 * the Lord. # 1:31 Ne 9:12 Ps 27:11 78:14,52,53 80:1 136:16 Isa 46:4 # Isa 63:9-13 * no strange. # Isa 43:11,12 44:7,8 * ride. # 33:26,29 Isa 58:14 Eze 36:2 * honey. # Job 29:6 Ps 81:16 Isa 48:21 Eze 21:17 * Butter. # Ge 18:8 Jud 5:25 2Sa 17:29 Job 20:17 Isa 7:15,22 * of Bashan. # Ps 22:12 Eze 39:18 Am 4:1 Mic 7:14 * the fat. # Ps 81:16 147:14 * blood. # Ge 49:11 Mt 26:28,29 Joh 6:55,56 * Jeshurun. # 33:5,26 Isa 44:2 * kicked. # 1Sa 2:29 Ac 9:5 * waxen fat. # 31:20 Job 15:27 Ps 17:10 73:7 119:70 Isa 6:10 Ac 28:27 # Ro 2:4,5 * then he. # 6:10-12 8:10-14 31:16,20 Ne 9:25 Isa 1:4 Jer 2:5 5:7,28 # Ho 13:6 * the Rock. See on ver. # 4 2Sa 22:47 Ps 18:46 89:26 95:1 * provoked. # 5:9 1Ki 14:22 Na 1:1,2 1Co 10:22 * abominations. # 7:25 Le 18:27 2Ki 23:13 * sacrificed. # Le 17:7 Ps 106:37,38 1Co 10:20 1Ti 4:1 Re 9:20 * not to God. or, which were not God. # 21 Jer 10:15 1Co 8:4 10:19 * to gods. # 28:64 Isa 44:8 * to new gods. # Jud 5:8 * the Rock. # 4,15 Isa 17:10 * forgotten. # 6:12 8:11,14,19 Ps 9:17 44:20-22 106:21 Isa 17:10 22:10,11 # Jer 2:32 3:21 Ho 8:14 * And when. # Le 26:11 Jud 2:14 Ps 5:4 10:3 78:59 106:40 Am 3:2,3 Zec 11:8 # Re 3:16 * abhorred them. or, despised. # La 2:6 * of his sons. # Ps 82:6,7 Isa 1:2 Jer 11:15 * I will hide. # 31:17,18 Job 13:24 34:29 Isa 64:7 Jer 18:17 Ho 9:12 * a very. See on ver. # 5 Isa 65:2-5 Mt 11:16,17 Lu 7:31,32 * children. # 2Ch 20:20 Isa 7:9 30:9 Mt 17:17 Mr 9:19 Lu 18:8 2Th 3:2 # Heb 11:6 * moved me. # 16 Ps 78:58 * with their vanities. # 1Sa 12:21 1Ki 16:13,26 Ps 31:6 Jer 8:19 10:8 14:22 Jon 2:8 # Ac 11:15 * I will. # Ho 1:10 Ro 9:25 10:19 11:11-14 1Pe 2:9,10 * For a fire. # 29:20 Nu 16:35 Ps 21:9 83:14 97:3 Isa 66:15,16 Jer 4:4 15:14 # Jer 17:4 La 2:3 4:11 Eze 36:5 Na 1:6 Mal 4:1,2 Mr 9:43-48 # 2Th 1:8 Heb 12:29 * shall burn. or, hath burned. lowest. # Ps 86:13 Isa 30:33 Zep 3:8 Mt 10:28 18:9 23:33 * shall consume. or, hath consumed. # Isa 24:6,19,20 * foundations. # Job 9:5,6 Ps 46:2 144:5 Isa 54:10 Mic 1:4 Na 1:5 Hab 3:10 * heap mischiefs. # 28:15 Le 26:18,24 Isa 24:17,18 26:15 Jer 15:2,3 Eze 14:21 # Mt 24:7,8 * spend. # Ps 7:12,13 La 3:13 Eze 5:16 * burnt. # 28:53 Jer 14:18 La 4:4-9 5:10 * burning heat. Heb. burning coals. # Ps 18:12-14 120:4 Hab 3:5 * the teeth. # Le 26:22 Jer 15:3 16:4 Eze 5:17 14:15,21 * serpents. # Ge 3:14 49:15 Isa 65:25 Am 9:3 * sword. # Le 26:36,37 Isa 30:16 Jer 9:21 La 1:20 Eze 7:15 2Co 7:5 * within. Heb. from the chambers. destroy. Heb. bereave. the young. # La 2:19-22 4:4 # 28:25,37,64 Le 26:33,38 Isa 63:16 Lu 21:24 * lest their. # 1Sa 12:22 Isa 37:28,29,35 47:7 Jer 19:4 La 1:9 Eze 20:13,14 # Eze 20:20-22 Zec 1:14,15 * they should. # Ex 32:12 Nu 14:15,16 Jos 7:9 Ps 115:1,2 140:8 Isa 10:8-15 # Isa 37:10,12-23 Da 4:30-37 * Our hand, etc. or, Our high hand and not the Lord hath done all this. # 6 Job 28:28 Ps 81:12 Pr 1:7 Isa 27:11 29:14 Jer 4:22 8:9 # Ho 4:6 Mt 13:14,15 Ro 11:25 1Co 3:19 * O that. # 5:29 Ps 81:13 107:15,43 Isa 48:18,19 Ho 14:9 Lu 19:41,42 * they would. # Isa 10:3 47:7 Jer 5:31 17:11 La 1:9 Lu 12:20 16:19-25 * one chase. # Le 26:8 Jos 23:10 Jud 7:22,23 1Sa 14:15-17 2Ch 24:24 # Isa 30:17 * sold them. # Jud 2:14 3:8 Ps 44:12 Isa 50:1 52:3 Mt 18:25 * shut them. # Job 11:10 16:11 Ps 31:8 # Ex 14:25 Nu 23:8,23 1Sa 2:2 4:8 Ezr 1:3 6:9-12 7:20,21 # Jer 40:3 Da 2:47 3:29 6:26,27 * of the vine of Sodom. or, worse than the vine of Sodom, etc. # Isa 1:10 Jer 2:21 La 4:6 Eze 16:45-51 Mt 11:24 * their grapes. # 29:18 Isa 5:4 Heb 12:15 * the poison. # Job 20:14-16 Ps 58:4 140:3 Jer 8:14 *marg: # Ro 3:13 # Job 14:17 Jer 2:22 Ho 13:12 Ro 2:5 1Co 4:5 Re 20:12,13 * To me. # 43 Ps 94:1 Na 1:2,6 Ro 12:19 13:4 Heb 10:30 * their foot. # Ps 73:17-19 Pr 4:19 Isa 8:15 Jer 6:21 13:16 1Pe 2:8 * for the day. # 2Pe 2:3 * the things. # Isa 5:19 30:12,13 60:22 Hab 2:3 Lu 18:7,8 2Pe 2:3 3:8-10 * For the. # Ps 7:8 50:4 96:13 135:14 * repent. # Jud 2:18 10:15,16 Ps 90:13 106:45 Jer 31:20 Joe 2:14 Am 7:3,6 * power. Heb. hand. none. # 1Ki 14:10 21:21 2Ki 9:8 14:26 # Jud 10:14 2Ki 3:13 Jer 2:28 * eat the fat. # Le 21:21 Ps 50:13 Eze 16:18,19 Ho 2:8 Zep 2:11 * let them. # Jud 10:14 * your protection. Heb. an hiding for you. * I, even I. # Ps 102:27 Isa 41:4 45:5,18,22 46:4 48:12 Heb 1:12 Re 1:11 2:8 * no god. # 4:35 Isa 45:5,18,22 * I kill. # 1Sa 2:6 2Ki 5:7 Job 5:18 Ps 68:20 Isa 43:13 Ho 6:1 Joh 8:24 # Re 1:17,18 * neither. # Job 10:7 Ps 50:22 Isa 43:13 Mic 5:8 # Ge 14:22 Ex 6:8 Nu 14:28-30 Jer 4:2 Heb 6:17,18 Re 10:5,6 * whet. # Ps 7:12 Isa 27:1 34:5,6 66:16 Eze 21:9-15,20 Zep 2:12 * I will. See on ver. # 35 Isa 1:24 59:18 66:6 Mr 1:2 * them that hate. # 5:9 * See on # Ex 20:5 Ro 1:30 8:7 2Ti 3:4 * make mine. See on ver. # 23 Ps 45:5 68:23 Isa 34:6-8 Jer 16:10 Eze 35:6-8 38:21,22 * revenges. The word {parôth,} rendered revenges, a sense in which it never seems to be used, has rendered this passage very obscure. As the word {paira} signifies the hair of the head, both in Hebrew and Arabic, Mr. Parkhurst and others render {mairosh parôth,} "from the hairy head;" but to have this sense, the words should rather have been {mipparôth rosh,} according the Hebrew idiom. The word {farôu,} in Arabic, however, also denotes a prince or chief; and the words may be literally rendered, with the LXX., [ ,] "from the head of the chiefs of the enemies." The hyperbaton, or transposition of words from their grammatical order, is very observable in this verse; the third member forming a continuation of the first, and the fourth of the second. # Job 13:24 Jer 30:14 La 2:5 * Rejoice. or, Praise his people, ye nations; or, Sing ye. O ye nations. # Ge 12:3 1Ki 8:43 Ps 22:27 Isa 11:10 19:23,25 Lu 2:10,11,32 # Ac 13:47,48 Ro 15:9-13 Re 5:9,10 * avenge. See on ver. # 35 Job 13:24 Jer 13:14 La 2:5 Lu 19:27,43,44 21:22-24 Ro 12:19 # Re 6:10 15:2,4 18:2,20 19:2 * render. # 41 * will be. # Ps 85:1 * spake. See on ch. # 31:22,30 * Hoshea. or, Joshua. See on # Nu 13:8,16 # 45 * See on ch. # 6:6,7 11:18 1Ch 22:19 Pr 3:1-4 Eze 40:4 Lu 9:44 Heb 2:1 # 30:19 Le 18:5 Pr 3:1,2,18,22 4:22 Isa 45:19 Mt 6:33 Ro 10:5,6 # 1Ti 4:8 6:6-8 1Pe 3:10-12 2Pe 1:3,16 Re 22:14 * A.M. 2553. B.C. 1451. An. Ex. Is. 40. Adar. # Nu 27:12,13 * mountain. # 34:1 * See on # Nu 33:47,48 * and behold. # 34:2-5 Isa 33:17 2Co 5:1 * be gathered. # Ge 15:15 * See on # Ge 25:8,17 49:33 Da 12:13 * as Aaron. # Nu 20:24-29 33:38 * ye trespassed. # 3:23-27 Nu 20:11,12,24 27:14 * Meribah-Kadesh. or, strife at Kadesh. # Nu 20:13,14 * because ye. See on # Le 10:3 1Ki 13:21-26 Isa 8:13 1Pe 4:17 # 49 34:1-4 Nu 27:12 Heb 11:13,39 1 The majesty of God. 6 The blessings of the twelve tribes. 26 The excellency of Israel. * the blessing. # Ge 27:4,27-29 49:1,28 Lu 24:50,51 Joh 14:27 16:33 * the man. # Jos 14:6 Jud 13:6 1Sa 2:27 9:6,7 1Ki 13:1,6 Ps 90:1 *title # 1Ti 6:11 2Ti 3:17 2Pe 1:21 * came from Sinai. # Ex 19:18-20 Jud 5:4,5 Hab 3:3 * ten thousands. # Ps 68:7,17 Da 7:9 Ac 7:53 Ga 3:19 2Th 1:7 Heb 2:2 Jude 1:14 # Re 5:11 * a fiery law. Heb. a fire of law. # 5:22 2Co 3:7,9 Ga 3:10 Heb 12:20 * he loved. # 7:7,8 Ex 19:5,6 Ps 47:4 147:19,20 Jer 31:3 Ho 11:1 Mal 1:2 # Ro 9:11-13 Eph 2:4,5 1Jo 4:19 * all his saints. # 7:6 1Sa 2:9 Ps 31:15 50:5 Jer 32:40 Joh 10:28,29 17:11-15 # Ro 8:35-39 Col 3:3,4 1Pe 1:5 * they sat. # Lu 2:46 8:35 10:39 Ac 22:3 * shall receive. # Pr 2:1 1Th 1:6 * Moses. # Joh 1:17 7:19 * the inheritance. # 9:26-29 Ps 119:72,111 * king. # Ge 36:31 Ex 18:16,19 Nu 16:13-15 Jud 8:22 9:2 17:6 * Jeshurun. See on ch. # 32:15 # Ge 49:3,4,8 Nu 32:31,32 Jos 22:1-9 * and bring. # Ge 49:8-12 Jud 1:1-7 Ps 78:68,70 Mic 5:2 Mal 3:1 Heb 7:14 * let his hands. # 2Sa 3:1 5:1,19,24 1Ch 12:22 2Ch 17:12-19 Isa 9:17 Re 19:13-16 * and be thou. # 2Sa 7:9-12 Ps 11:1-7 20:2 21:1,8 110:1,2 146:5 Lu 19:27 # 1Co 15:25 Re 20:10-15 * Let thy. # Ex 28:30,36 Le 8:8 Nu 27:21 1Sa 28:6 Ezr 2:63 Ne 7:65 * with thy. # Le 21:7 Nu 16:5 2Ch 23:6 Ezr 8:28 Ps 16:10 106:16 Heb 7:26 # Re 3:7 * prove at. # 8:2,3,16 Ex 17:7 Nu 20:13 Ps 81:7 * Who said. # Ex 32:25-29 Le 10:6 21:11 Mt 10:37 12:48 22:16 Lu 14:26 # 2Co 5:16 Ga 1:10 1Th 2:4 1Ti 5:21 * I have not. # Ge 29:32 1Ch 17:17 Job 37:24 * for they. # Jer 18:18 Mal 2:5-7 * They shall teach. or, Let them teach, etc. # 17:9-11 24:8 Le 10:11 2Ch 17:8-10 30:22 Ne 8:1-9,13-15,18 # Eze 44:23,24 Ho 4:6 Mal 2:6-8 Mt 23:2,3 Joh 21:15,16 * they shall put incense. or, let them put incense. # Ex 30:7,8 Nu 16:40,46 1Sa 2:28 2Ch 26:18 Lu 1:9,10 Heb 7:25 # Heb 9:24 Re 8:3-5 * before thee. Heb. at thy nose. whole. # Le 1:9,13,17 9:12,13 Ps 51:19 Eze 43:27 * his substance. # 18:1-5 Nu 18:8-20 35:2-8 * accept. # 2Sa 24:23 Ps 20:3 Eze 20:40,41 43:27 Mal 1:8-10 * smite. # Isa 29:21 Jer 15:10 Am 5:10 Mt 10:14,15 Lu 10:10-12,16 # 1Th 4:8 * The beloved. See on ver. # 27-29 Jos 18:11-28 Jud 1:21 1Ki 12:21 2Ch 11:1 15:2 # 2Ch 17:17-19 Ps 132:14 Isa 37:22,35 * cover him. # Ps 91:4 Isa 51:16 Mt 23:37 * Joseph. See on # Ge 48:5,9,15-20 49:22-26 * the dew. # 32:2 Ge 27:28,29 Job 29:19 Ps 110:3 Pr 3:20 19:12 Isa 18:4 # Ho 14:5 Mic 5:7 Zec 8:12 * the precious. # 28:8 Le 26:4 2Sa 23:4 Ps 65:9-13 74:16 84:11 Mal 4:2 Mt 5:45 # Ac 14:17 1Ti 6:17 * put forth. Heb. thrust forth. moon. Heb. moons. # Ps 8:3 104:19 Re 22:2 # Ge 49:26 Hab 3:6 Jas 5:7 * the earth. # Ps 24:1 50:12 89:11 Jer 8:16 *marg: # 1Co 10:26,28 * the good. # Ex 3:2-4 Mr 12:26 Lu 2:14 Ac 7:30-33,35 2Co 12:7-10 * and upon the top. # Ge 37:28,36 39:2,3 43:32 45:9-11 * See on # Ge 49:26 * separated. # Heb 7:26 * the firstling. # 1Ch 5:1 * his horns. # Nu 23:22 24:8 Job 39:9,10 Ps 22:21 29:6 92:10 Isa 34:7 * unicorns. Heb. an unicorn. he shall push. # 1Ki 22:11 2Ch 18:10 Ps 44:5 * the ten thousands. # Ge 48:19 Nu 26:34,37 Ho 5:3 6:4 7:1 # Ge 49:13-15 Jos 19:11 Jud 5:14 * call the people. # Isa 2:3 Jer 50:4,5 Mic 4:2 * they shall. # Ps 4:5 50:13-15 51:16,17 107:22 Heb 13:15,16 1Pe 2:5 * suck of. # 32:13 Isa 60:5,16 66:11,12 * Blessed. # Ge 9:26,27 Jos 13:8,10,24-28 1Ch 4:10 12:8,37,38 Ps 18:19,36 * he dwelleth. # 1Ch 5:18-21 12:8-14 * teareth. # Mic 5:8 * the first part. # Nu 32:1-6,16,17-42 * a portion. # Nu 32:33 Jos 1:14 22:4 * seated. Heb. cieled. he came. # Nu 32:16,21 Jos 4:12,13 Jud 5:2,11 # Ge 49:16,17 Jos 19:47 Jud 13:2,24,25 14:6,19 15:8,15 16:30 # Jud 18:27 1Ch 12:35 * O. # Ge 49:21 Ps 36:8 90:14 Isa 9:1,2 Jer 31:14 Mt 4:13,16 11:28 * possess. # Jos 19:32-39 * Asher be blessed. # Ge 49:20 Ps 115:15 128:3,6 * let him be. # Pr 3:3,4 Ex 12:10 Ac 7:10 Ro 14:18 15:31 * let him dip. # Job 29:6 * Thy shoes, etc. or, Under thy shoes shall be iron. # 8:9 Lu 15:22 Eph 6:15 * and as thy. # 2Ch 16:9 Ps 138:3 Isa 40:29 41:10 1Co 10:13 2Co 12:9,10 # Eph 6:10 Php 4:13 Col 1:11 * none. # Ex 15:11 Ps 86:8 Isa 40:18,25 43:11-13 66:8 Jer 10:6 * Jeshurun. See on ch. # 32:15 * rideth. # Ps 18:10 68:4,33,34 104:3 Isa 19:1 Hab 3:8 * eternal. # 1Sa 15:29 Ps 90:1,2 102:24 Isa 9:6 25:4 57:15 Jer 10:10 # Mic 5:2 1Ti 1:17 Heb 9:14 * refuge. # Ps 18:2 27:5 36:7 46:1,7,11 48:3 91:1,2,9,15 Pr 18:10 # Isa 32:2 Lu 13:34 Php 3:9 * underneath. # Ge 49:24 Pr 10:25 So 2:6 Isa 26:4 1Pe 1:5 Jude 1:24 * thrust. See on ch. # 9:3-5 Joh 10:28,29 Ro 8:2 16:20 Re 20:2,3,10 * Israel. # Ex 33:16 Nu 23:9 Jer 23:6 33:16 Eze 34:25 Re 21:27 22:14,15 * the fountain. # 8:7,8 Ps 68:26 Pr 5:15-18 Isa 48:1 * his. See on ver. # 13 11:11 32:2 Ge 27:28 * Happy. # 4:7,8 Nu 23:20-24 24:5 2Sa 7:23 Ps 33:12 144:15 * saved. # Isa 12:2 45:17 1Ti 4:10 * the shield. # Ge 15:1 Ps 84:11 115:9-11 * the sword. # Jud 7:20 Ps 7:12 45:3 Isa 27:1 34:5,6 Jer 12:12 47:6 Re 1:16 # Re 19:21 * found liars. or, subdued. # 2Sa 22:45 Ps 18:44 66:3 81:15 *margins * thou shalt. # 32:13 Jos 10:24,25 Hab 3:19 1 Moses from mount Nebo views the land. 5 He dies there. 6 His burial. 7 His age. 8 Thirty days' mourning for him 9 Joshua succeeds him. 10 The praise of Moses. * the mountain. See on ch. # 32:49 Nu 27:12 33:47 * Pisgah. or, the hill. See on # Nu 21:20 *marg: * shewed him. # 4 3:27 Nu 32:33-40 Eze 40:2 Re 21:10 * Dan. # Ge 14:14 Jos 19:47 Jud 18:29 * unto. # 11:24 Ex 23:31 Nu 34:6 Jos 15:12 * the city of palm. # Jud 1:16 3:13 2Ch 28:15 * Zoar. # Ge 14:2,8 19:22 Nu 34:3 * This is the land. # Ge 12:7 13:15 15:18-21 26:3 28:13 Ps 105:9-11 * I have caused. # 3:26,27 32:52 Nu 20:12 Joh 1:17 * So Moses. # Jos 1:1 Mal 4:4 Joh 8:35,36 2Ti 2:25 Heb 3:3-6 2Pe 1:1 # Re 15:3 * died there. # 31:14 32:50 Jos 1:1,2 * he buried him. # Jude 1:9 * an hundred. # 31:2 Ac 7:23,30,36 * his eye. # Ge 27:1 48:10 Jos 14:10,11 * natural force abated. Heb. moisture fled. * wept for Moses. # Ge 50:3,10 Nu 20:29 1Sa 25:1 Isa 57:1 Ac 8:2 * full of the spirit. # Ex 31:3 Nu 11:17 1Ki 3:9,12 2Ki 2:9,15 Isa 11:2 Da 6:3 # Joh 3:34 Col 2:3 * Moses. # Nu 27:18-23 Ac 6:6 8:17-19 1Ti 4:14 5:22 * the children. # Jos 1:16-18 * there arose. # 18:15-18 Ac 3:22,23 7:37 Heb 3:5,6 * the Lord. # 5:4,5 Ex 33:11 Nu 12:6-8 * In all the signs. Rather, "with respect to all the signs and wonders," etc. # 4:34 7:19 Ps 78:43-58 105:26-38 # 12 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON DEUTERONOMY AND THE PENTATEUCH. Thus ends the book of Deuteronomy, and with it the Pentateuch, commonly called the Law of Moses; a work every way worthy of God its author, and only less than the New Testament, the Law and Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Its antiquity places it at the head of all the writings in the world; and the various subjects it embraces render it of the utmost importance to every part of the civilized world. Its philosophy, history, geography, and chronology entitle it to the respect of the whole human race; while its system of theology and religion demonstrably proves it to be a revelation from God. The Law of Moses is more properly the Law of Jehovah, [tôrâh <08451> yehôvâh <03068>,] torath yehowah, the grand title of the Pentateuch. Could we conceive Moses to have been the author of this system, we must consider him more than mortal:--no wisdom of man has ever yet invented such a Code of Laws. His merit, however, has been disputed, and his laws severely criticised, by persons whose interest it was to prove religion a cheat, because they had none themselves. To some, whose mental taste and feeling are strangely perverted, everything in heathenism wears not only the most fascinating aspect, but appears to lay claim to and possess every excellence; and hence they have called up Confucius, Menu, Zoraster, and Mohammed himself, to dispute the palm with Moses! On this subject in general, it may be just necessary to add, that the utmost that can be said of all laws, merely human, is, that they restrain vices, through the terror of punishment. God's law not only restrains vice, but it infuses virtue. It alone brings man to the footstool of his Maker; and keeps him dependent on the strong for strength, on the wise for wisdom, and on the merciful for grace. It abounds with promises of support, and salvation for the present life, which no false system dared ever to propose: every where, Moses, in the most confident manner, pledges his God for the fulfilment of all the exceeding great and precious promises, with which his laws are so plentifully interspersed; and while they were obedient they could say, "Not one word hath failed us, of all the good things which the Lord our God spake concerning us." Who that dispassionately reads the Pentateuch, that considers it in itself and in its reference to that glorious Gospel which it was intended to introduce, can for a moment deny it the palm of infinite superiority over all the systems ever framed or imagined by man? Well might the Israelitish people triumphantly exclaim, "There is none like the God of Jeshurun!" and with what striking propriety does the glorious legislator add, "Happy art thou, O Israel! who is like unto thee? O people, saved of the Lord!" Finally, the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, which are amassed in these five books, have enriched the whole civilized earth, and, indeed, greatly promoted that very civilization. They have been a kind of text-book to almost every writer on geology, geography, chronology, astronomy, natural history, ethics, jurisprudence, political economy, theology, poetry, and criticism, from the time of Moses to the present day--books to which the choicest writers and philosophers in Pagan antiquity, have been deeply indebted; and which were the text-books to all the prophets--books from which the flimsy writers against Divine Revelation have derived their natural religion, and all their moral excellence--books written in all the energy, and purity, of the incomparable language in which they are composed; and lastly, books, which for importance of matter, variety of information, dignity of sentiment, accuracy of facts, impartiality, simplicity, and sublimity of narration, tending to improve and ennoble the intellect and ameliorate the physical and moral condition of man, have never been equalled, and can only be paralleled by the Gospel of the Son of God! Fountain of endless mercy, justice, truth, and beneficence! How much are thy gifts and bounties neglected by those who do not read this law; and by those who having read it, are not morally improved by it, and made wise unto salvation! The Book of JOSHUA. 1 The Lord appoints Joshua to succeed Moses. 3 The borders of the promised land. 5 God promises to assist Joshua. 8 He gives him instructions. 10 Joshua prepares the people to pass over Jordan. 12 He puts the two tribes and half in mind of their promise to Moses. 16 They promise him fealty. * the death. # 12:6 * See on # De 33:1 34:5 Ac 13:36,37 Ro 1:1 Tit 1:1 Jas 1:1 Re 1:18 * Joshua. # Ex 17:9-13 * See on # Nu 13:8,16 De 1:38 31:3,23 34:9 Ac 7:45 * Jesus. Moses' minister. # Ex 24:13 Nu 11:28 1Ki 19:16 2Ki 3:11 4:27-29 5:25-27 # Mt 20:26,27 Lu 16:10 * Moses. See on ver. # 1 Isa 42:1 Heb 3:5,6 7:23,24 * arise. # Nu 27:16-21 De 3:28 31:7 # 14:9 De 11:24 Tit 1:2 * From the wilderness. That is, their utmost limits should be from the Desert of Arabia Petræa on the south, to Lebanon on the north; and from the Euphrates on the east, to the Great Sea, or the Mediterranean, on the west. The Israelites did not possess the full extent of this grant till the time of David. # Ge 15:18-21 Ex 23:31 Nu 34:2-18 De 1:7 3:25 11:24 1Ch 5:9 # 1Ch 18:3 * There shall. # De 7:24 20:4 Ps 46:11 Ro 8:31,37 * as I was. # 9,17 3:7 6:27 Ex 3:12 De 31:8,23 Mt 28:20 Ac 18:9,10 2Ti 4:17 * I will not. # De 31:6-8 Isa 41:10-14 43:2-5 Heb 13:5 * Be strong. # 7,9 1Sa 4:9 1Ki 2:2 1Ch 22:13 28:10 2Ch 32:7,8 Ps 27:14 # Isa 35:3,4 Da 10:19 Hag 2:4 Zec 8:9 1Co 16:13 Eph 6:10 # 2Ti 2:1 * unto this people, etc. or, thou shalt cause this people to inherit the land. divide. # Nu 34:17-29 * which I sware. # Ge 26:3 * which Moses. See on ver. # 1 11:15 Nu 27:23 De 31:7 * turn not. # De 5:32 12:32 28:14 Pr 4:27 8:20 * that. # De 29:9 1Ki 2:3 1Ch 22:13 * prosper. or, do wisely. # 8 *marg: * book. # De 6:6-9 11:18,19 17:18,19 30:14 31:11 Ps 37:30,31 40:10 # Ps 119:42,43 Isa 59:21 Mt 12:35 Eph 4:29 * thou shalt. # Ps 1:2,3 19:14 119:11,15,97,99 Pr 2:1-5 3:1 Col 3:16 # 1Ti 4:14-16 * observe. See on # De 5:29,32,33 6:1-3 Mt 7:21,24 28:20 Lu 11:28 Joh 13:17 14:21 # Jas 1:22-25 Re 22:14 * have good success. or, do wisely. # 7 *marg: * Have. # De 31:7,8,28 Jud 6:14 2Sa 13:28 Ac 4:19 * Be strong. # 6,7 * be not. See on # Ge 28:15 De 20:1 Ps 27:1,2 Jer 1:7,8 * for the Lord. # Ps 46:7 Isa 43:1,5 * the officers of the people. The {shoterim,} or officers, were different from the {shophetim,} who were the judges among the people. The {shoterim} have been supposed to be subordinate officers, whose business it was to see the decisions of the {shophetim} carried into effect. Calmet conjectures, that the {shoterim} here may have been the heralds of the army. # 10 * three days. # 3:2 Ex 19:11 2Ki 20:5 Ho 6:2 * ye shall. See on # De 9:1 11:31 # 12 * Remember. # 22:1-4 Nu 32:20-28 De 3:18 * armed. Heb. marshalled by five. # Ex 13:18 * the mighty. # De 20:8 Re 17:4 * Until. # Nu 32:17-22 Ga 5:13 6:2 Php 1:21-26 2:4 * then ye shall. # 22:4-9 1Co 12:26 13:5 # Nu 32:25 De 5:27 Ro 13:1-5 Tit 3:1 1Pe 2:13-15 * only the Lord. # 5 1Sa 20:13 1Ki 1:37 1Ch 28:20 Ps 20:1,4,9 118:25,26 # Mt 21:9 1Ti 2:1,2 * that doth rebel. # De 17:12 1Sa 11:12 Ps 2:1-6 Lu 19:27 Heb 10:28,29 12:25 * he shall be. # Ro 13:1-5 * only be. See on ver. # 6,7,9 Ezr 10:4 1Co 16:13 Eph 6:10 1 Rahab receives and conceals the two spies sent from Shittim. 8 The covenant between her and them. 23 Their return and relation. * sent. or, had sent. Shittim. # Nu 25:1 33:49 * to spy secretly. # Nu 13:2,17-21 Jud 18:2,14,17 Mt 10:16 Eph 5:5 * even Jericho. # 5:10 6:1-24 * harlot's house. Though the word {zonah} generally denotes a prostitute, yet many very learned men are of opinion that it should be here rendered an innkeeper or hostess, from {zoon,} to furnish or provide food. In this sense it was understood by the Targumist, who renders it, {ittetha pundekeetha,} "a woman, a tavern-keeper," and so St. Chrysostome, in his second sermon on Repentance, calls her [ .] The Greek [ ,] by which the LXX. render it, and which is adopted by the Apostles, is derived from [ ,] to sell, and is also supposed to denote a tavern keeper. Among the ancients, women generally kept houses of entertainment. Herodotus says, "Among the Egyptians, the women carry on all commercial concerns, and keep taverns, while the men continue at home and weave." The same custom prevailed among the Greeks. # 6:17,25 Mt 1:5 * Rachab. # 21:31 Heb 11:31 Jas 2:25 * lodged. Heb. lay. * told the king. # Ps 127:1 Pr 21:30 Isa 43:13 Da 4:35 * Bring. # 10:23 Ge 38:24 Le 24:14 Job 21:30 Joh 19:4 Ac 12:4,6 * to search. # Ge 42:9-12,31 2Sa 10:3 1Ch 19:3 # Ex 1:19 2Sa 16:18,19 17:19,20 2Ki 6:19 * of shutting. # 7 Ne 13:19 Isa 60:11 Eze 47:1,2,12 Re 21:25 * the men went out. # Jer 50:20 Ro 3:7,8 * to the roof. # 8 Ex 1:15-21 De 22:8 2Sa 11:2 Mt 24:17 * hid them. # Ex 2:2 2Sa 17:19 1Ki 18:4,13 2Ki 11:2 Jer 36:26 Col 3:3 # Heb 11:23 * the fords. # Jud 3:28 12:5 * they shut. # 5 Ac 5:23 # 8 * I know. # Ex 18:11 2Ki 5:15 Job 19:25 Ec 8:12 Heb 11:1,2 * that the Lord. # Ge 13:14-17 15:18-21 Ex 3:6-8 De 32:8 Ps 115:16 Jer 27:5 # Mt 20:15 * your terror. # Ge 35:5 Ex 15:15,16 23:27 De 2:25 11:25 28:10 Jud 7:14 # 1Sa 14:15 2Ki 7:6 * faint. Heb. melt. # 11 1Sa 14:16 2Sa 17:10 Ps 112:10 Isa 19:1 Na 2:10 * For we. # 4:24 Ex 14:21-31 15:14-16 * what ye did. # Nu 21:21-35 De 2:30-37 3:1-8 * our hearts. See on ch. # 5:1 7:5 14:8 De 1:28 20:8 Isa 13:7 Na 2:10 * did there remain. Heb. rose up. # Re 6:16 * for the Lord. # De 4:39 1Ki 8:60 Ps 83:18 102:15 Jer 16:19-21 Da 4:34,35 # Da 6:25-27 Zec 8:20-23 * swear. # 9:15,18-20 1Sa 20:14,15,17 30:15 2Ch 36:13 Jer 12:16 * that ye will. # 1Sa 20:14-17 24:21,22 Es 8:6 2Ti 1:16-18 Jas 2:13 * my father's. # 13 Ge 24:3,9 Ro 1:31 1Ti 5:8 * give me. # 18 Ex 12:13 Eze 9:4-6 Mr 14:44 * my father. It is observable that in this enumeration of her kindred, there is no mention made of a husband. It is most likely that she was a single woman or widow, who obtained an honest livelihood by keeping a house for the entertainment of strangers; and not a woman of ill fame, as some have supposed. The spies sent on this occasion were certainly some of the most confidential persons that Joshua had in his host, and their errand was of the greatest importance; is it then not most likely that they lodged at an inn? # 13 * for your's. Heb. instead of you to die. # 1Ki 20:39 * when the Lord. # 6:17,25 Ge 24:49 Nu 10:29-32 Jud 1:24,25 1Sa 20:8 2Sa 9:1 # Pr 18:24 Mt 5:7 * she let them. # 1Sa 19:12-17 Ac 9:25 2Co 11:33 * for her house. # 6:20 * Get you. # 22 1Sa 23:14,29 Ps 11:1 # 20 Ge 24:3-8 Ex 20:7 Le 19:11,12 Nu 30:2 2Sa 21:1,2,7 * scarlet thread. # 21 Le 14:4 Nu 4:8 19:6 Heb 9:19 * bring. Heb. gather. thy father. # 13 6:23 Ge 7:1 12:2 19:12-17 Es 8:6 Lu 19:9 Ac 10:27,33 # Ac 11:14 2Ti 1:16 * whosoever. # Ex 12:13,23 Nu 35:26-28 1Ki 2:36-42 Mt 24:17 Ac 27:31 Php 3:9 # Heb 10:29 1Jo 2:27,28 * street, his blood. # Le 20:9,11 2Sa 1:16 3:28,29 Eze 33:4,5 Mt 27:24,25 Ac 18:6 # Ac 20:26 * house, his blood. # 14 2Sa 4:11 1Ki 2:32 Mt 27:25 * And if thou. # Pr 11:13 * we will be quit. See on ver. # 17 * And she bound. See on ver. # 18 Mt 7:24 Joh 2:5 * found them not. # 1Sa 19:10-12 2Sa 17:20 Ps 32:6,7 * Truly the Lord # Jos 1:8 21:44,45 Ex 23:31 Nu 13:32,33 Pr 25:13 * all the inhabitants # Jos 2:9-11 Ps 48:5,6 Re 6:16,17 * faint [heb] melt # Jos 2:9,11 5:1 Ex 15:15 * 1 Joshua come to Jordan 2-6 The officers instruct the people for their passage 7,8 The Lord encourages Joshua 9-13 Joshua encourages the people 14-17 The water of Jordan are divided * rose early Archbishop Usher supposes, that this was upon Wednesday, the 28th of April, A. M. 2553, the fortieth year of the Exodus from Egypt. From Shittim, where the israelites had been encamped for about two months (De 1.3), to the Jordan, was, according to Josephus, about sixty stadia; that is, between seven and eight English miles. # Ge 22:3 Ps 119:60 Jer 7:13 25:3 26:5 Mr 1:35 * Shittim # Jos 2:1 Nu 25:1 Mic 6:5 * Jordan Jordan, called by the Arabs El Sharia, takes its rise in Anti-Libanus, about twelve miles north of Caesarea Philippi, now Bannias; and, having run about twelve miles southward, it receives a considerable stream, which is now called the Moiet Hasbeia. About 15 miles farther, it forms the waters of Merom or Semechon, now Houle; and, after running about 28 miles more, it passes through the lake of Gennesaret, and these runs southward till it loses itself in the Dead Sea; its whole course being about 160 miles. * three days # Jos 1:10,11 * When ye see # Jos 3:11 Nu 10:33 * the priests # Jos 3:6,8,14-17 4:10 6:6 Nu 4:15 De 31:9,25 2Sa 6:3,13 1Ch 15:11 # 15:12 * ye shall remove # Ex 13:21,22 Mt 8:19 16:24 Re 14:4 * a space # Ex 3:5 19:12 Ps 89:7 Heb 12:28,29 * heretofore [heb] since yesterday and the third day # Ge 31:2 Ex 4:10 1Ch 11:2 Isa 30:33 * Sanctify # Jos 7:13 Ex 19:10-15 Le 10:3 20:7 Nu 11:8 1Sa 16:5 Job 1:5 # Joe 2:16 Joh 17:19 * the Lord # Jos 3:13,15 Ps 86:10 114:1-7 * Take up # Jos 3:3 Nu 14:15 10:33 Mic 2:13 Joh 14:2,3 Heb 6:20 * magnify thee # Jos 4:14 1Ch 29:25 2Ch 1:1 Job 7:17 Ps 18:35 Joh 17:1 Php 1:20 # 2:9-11 * that, as I was # Jos 1:5,17 * command # Jos 3:3 1Ch 15:11,12 2Ch 17:8,9 29:4-11,15,27,30 30:12 31:9,10 # 35:2-6 Ne 12:24 13:22,28 * ye shall stand # Jos 3:17 Ex 14:13 La 3:26 * Hear the words # De 4:1 12:8 * Hereby ye # Nu 15:28-30 1Ki 18:36,37 22:28 Ps 9:16 Isa 7:14 2Co 13:2,3 * living # De 5:26 1Sa 17:26 2Ki 19:4 Jer 10:10 Ho 1:10 Mt 16:16 Joh 6:69 # 1Th 1:9 Heb 10:31 * among # Jos 22:31 Ex 17:7 De 31:17 Jud 6:12,13 * drive out from # Jos 21:45 Ge 15:15-15 Ex 3:8 23:27-30 33:2 De 7:1 Ps 44:2,3 * the Lord # Jos 3:13 Ps 24:1 Isa 54:5 Jer 10:7 Mic 4:13 Zep 2:11 Zec 4:14 6:5 # 14:9 * passeth # Jos 3:3-6 Isa 3:12 # Jos 4:2,9 * the soles # Jos 3:15,16 * of the Lord # Jos 3:11 * stand upon # Jos 3:16 Ex 15:8 Ps 33:7 78:13 114:3-5 Hab 3:15 * bearing the ark # Jos 3:3,5 6:6 De 31:26 Jer 3:16 Ac 7:44,45 1Co 1:24,25 Heb 9:4 * the feet # Jos 3:13 Isa 26:6 * Jordan overfloweth The ordinary current of the Jordan, near where the Israelites crossed, is said by Maundrell, to be about twenty yards wide, deeper than a man's height, and so rapid, that there is no swimming against it. It has, however, two banks; the first, or inner one, is that of the river it its natural state, and the second, or outer one, about a furlong distant, is that of its overflowings, which it does when the summer's sun has melted the snow on mount Lebanon and Hermon, in the months of March and April. And this was the time which God chose that the Israelites should pass over it; that a miraculous interposition might be necessary; and that, by the miracle, they might be convinced of his omnipotence. # Jos 4:18 1Ch 12:15 Jer 12:5 49:19 * all the time # Jos 5:10-12 Le 23:10-16 De 16:1-9 * rose up # Jos 3:13 Ps 29:10 77:19 114:3 Mt 8:26,27 14:24-33 * Zaretan # 1Ki 4:12 * Zartanah # 1Ki 7:46 * Zarthan * the Salt Sea # Jos 15:2 Ge 14:3 Nu 34:3 De 3:17 * The passage through the Red Sea took place in the night, when the Israelites were fleeing from the Egyptians with great trepidation: but they passed Jordan in the day-time, with previous warning, leisurely, directly opposite to Jericho, and with a triumphant defiance of the Canaanites; this passage into the promised land evidently typifying the believer's passage through death to heaven. * the priests # Jos 3:3-6 * stood firm # Jos 4:3 2Ki 2:8 * all the Israelites # Ex 14:22,29 Ps 66:6 Isa 25:8 Heb 11:29 * 1-8 Twelve men are appointed to take twelve stones for memorial out of Jordan 9 Twelve other stones are set up in the midst of Jordan 10-13 The people pass over 14 God magnifies Joshua 15-19 The priests commanded to come out of Jordan 20-24 The twelve stones are pitched in Gilgal * were clean passed # Jos 3:17 De 27:2 * twelve men # Jos 3:12 Nu 1:4-15 13:2 34:18 De 1:23 1Ki 18:31 Mt 10:15 * the priest's feet # Jos 3:13 * twelve stones # Jos 24:27 Ge 28:22 De 27:1-26 1Sa 7:12 Ps 103:2 11:4 Lu 19:40 * leave them # Jos 4:18,19,20 * prepared # Jos 4:2 Mr 3:14-19 * a sign # Jos 22:27 Ex 12:14 13:9 31:13 Nu 16:38 Isa 55:13 Eze 20:12 * when your # Jos 4:21 Ex 12:26 13:14 De 6:20,21 11:19 Ps 44:1 71:18 78:3-8 # Isa 38:19 Ac 2:39 * in time to come [heb] to-morrow * the waters # Jos 3:13-16 * memorial # Jos 4:6 Ex 12:14 28:12 30:16 Nu 16:40 Ps 111:4 Isa 66:3 1Co 11:24 * did so as Joshua # Jos 4:2-5 1:16-18 * set up twelve # Ex 24:12 28:21 1Ki 18:31 Ps 111:2-4 * and they are there These words might be written by Joshua at the close of his life, or perhaps be added by some later prophet. It seems from this verse, that there were two sets of stones erected as a memorial of this great event: twelve at Gilga (ver. 20) and twelve in the bed of the Jordan; which last might have been placed on a base of strong stone work, so high as always to be visible, and serve to mark the very spot when the priests stood with the ark. Drs. Kennicott and Shuckford, however, would read here with the Syriac, mittoch, 'from the midst,' instead of bethoch, 'in the midst;' and render, `And Joshua took up the twelve stones (taken) from the midst of Jordan,' etc. But this reading is unsupported by and MS. yet collated; and it appears wholly unnecessary # Ge 26:33 De 34:6 Jud 1:26 1Sa 30:25 2Sa 4:3 2Ch 5:9 Mt 27:8 28:15 * stood in the midst # Jos 3:13,16,17 Isa 28:16 * Moses # Nu 27:21-23 De 31:9 * hasted # Ex 12:39 Ps 119:60 Pr 27:1 Ec 9:10 2Co 6:2 Heb 3:7,8 * that the ark # Jos 4:18 3:8,17 * the children # Jos 1:14 Nu 32:20-32 * prepared for war. or, ready armed # Eph 6:11 * to the plains # Jos 5:10 2Ki 25:5 Jer 39:5 52:8 * magnified # Jos 1:16-18 3:7 1Co 10:2 * they feared him # Ex 14:31 1Sa 12:18 1Ki 3:28 2Ch 30:12 Pr 24:21 Ro 13:4 # Jos 3:3-6 Ex 25:16-22 Re 11:19 * Come ye up # Ge 8:16-18 Da 3:26 Ac 16:23,35-39 * the soles # Jos 3:13,15 * lifted up [heb] plucked up * that the waters As soon as the priests and the ark were come up out of Jordan, the waters of the river, which had stood on a heap, flowed down according to their natural and usual course, and again soon filled the channel. This make it abundantly evident, that the miraculous change which had been given to the river was not from any secret natural cause, but solely by the power of God, and for the sake of his chosen people; for when Israel's host had passed through, and the token of his presence was removed, immediately the waters went forward again: so that if it be asked, `What aileth thee, O Jordan, that thou wast driven back?' it must be answered, it was in obedience to the God of Israel, and in kindness to the Israel of God. # Ex 14:26-28 * and flowed [heb] went # Jos 3:15 1Ch 12:15 Isa 8:8 * first month # Ex 12:2,3 * Gilgal That is, the place afterwards called Gilgal; for it is so called here by anticipation. It was about ten furlongs east from Jericho, and fifty west from the Jordan. See Josephus and Calmet. # Jos 5:9 10:6,43 15:7 1Sa 11:14,15 15:33 Am 4:4 5:5 Mic 6:5 # Jos 4:3,8 * When your # Jos 4:6 Ps 105:2-5 145:4-7 * in time to come [hb] to-morrow # Jos 3:17 Ex 14:29 15:19 Ps 66:5,6 Isa 11:15,16 44:27 51:10 Re 16:12 * as the Lord The parents must take that occasion to tell their children of the drying up of the Red Sea forty years before: `As the Lord your God did to the Read Sea.' It greatly magnifies later mercies to compare them with those before enjoyed; for, by making the comparison, it appears that God is the same yesterday, to-day, and forever. Later blessings should also bring to remembrance former mercies, and revive thankfulness for them. * which he dried # Ex 14:21 Ne 9:11 Ps 77:16-19 78:13 Isa 43:16 63:12-14 * all the people # Ex 9:16 De 28:10 1Sa 17:46 1Ki 8:42,43 2Ki 5:15 19:19 Ps 106:8 # Da 3:26-29 4:34,35 6:26,27 * that it is # Ex 15:16 1Ch 29:12 Ps 89:13 * he might # Ex 14:31 20:20 De 6:2 Ps 76:6-8 89:7 Jer 10:6,7 32:40 * for ever [heb] all days * 1 The Canaanites are afraid 2-9 Joshua renews circumcision 10-11 The passover is kept at Gilgal 12 manna ceases 13-15 An angel appears to Joshua * all the kings # Jos 12:9-24 24:15 Ge 10:15-19 15:18-21 48:22 Jer 11:23 2Sa 21:2 # Eze 16:3 Am 2:9 * Canaanites # Jos 17:12,18 Ge 12:6 Ex 23:28 Jud 1:1 4:2 Ezr 9:1 Ps 135:11 * which were by # Nu 13:29 Jud 3:3 Zep 2:4-6 * heard # Jos 2:9-11 Ex 15:14,15 Ps 48:4-6 Re 18:10 * neither was # 1Sa 25:37 1Ki 10:5 Isa 13:6-8 Eze 21:7 Da 5:6 * sharp knife. or, knife of flints. Before the use of iron was common, all the nations of the earth had their edge tools made of stones, flints, etc. Our ancestors had their arrows and spearheads made of flint; which are frequently turned up by the plough. And even when iron became more common, stone knives seem to have been preferred for making incisions in the human body. The Egyptians used such to open the bodies for embalming; and the tribe of Alnajab in Ethiopia, who follow the Mosaic institution, perform the rite of circumcision, according to Ludolf, cultris lapidibus, with knives made of stone. * circumcise # Ge 17:10-14 De 10:16 30:6 Ro 2:29 4:11 Col 2:11 * Joshua # Ge 17:23-27 Mt 16:24 * the hill of the foreskins. or. Gibeah haaraloth * All the # Nu 14:22 26:64,65 De 2:16 1Co 10:5 Heb 3:17-19 * they had not # De 12:8,9 Ho 6:6,7 Mt 12:7 Ro 2:26 1Co 7:19 Ga 5:6 6:15 * walked # Nu 14:32-34 De 1:3 2:7,14 8:4 Ps 95:10,11 Jer 2:2 * sware that # Nu 14:23 Heb 3:11 * a land # Ex 3:8,17 Eze 20:6,15 Joe 3:18 * their children # Nu 14:31 De 1:39 * when they, etc. [heb] when the people had made an end to be circumcised * till they were whole # Ge 34:25 * I rolled away # Jos 24:14 Ge 34:14 Le 24:14 1Sa 14:6 17:26,36 Ps 119:39 Jer 9:25 # Eze 20:7,8 23:3,8 Eph 2:11,12 * Gilgal: That is, rolling # Jos 4:19 * kept the passover # Eze 12:3,6 Nu 9:1-5 * old corn The people would find abundance of old corn in the deserted granaries of the affrighted inhabitants: and the barley harvest being ripe, after offering the sheaf of first-fruits, they ate also new parched corn; and thus the manna being no longer necessary, ceased, after having been sent them regularly for almost forty years. To Christians the manna for their souls shall never fail, till they arrive at the Canaan above, to feast on its rich and inexhaustible provisions. * u