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- DIFF -- File comparator
-
-
- Command Format:
-
- diff <file1> <file2> <options>
-
-
-
- Options:
-
- -Alterations
- -Match
- -Resynch <n>
- -Header "foo"
- -Blanks
- -Singlecase
-
-
-
- Description:
-
- Diff performs a comparison between two ASCII files, and lists the
- differences on the console or to redirected output. The general form of
- a difference listing is:
-
- --------------------------------------- <line1>
- some lines from the first file
- --------------------------------------- <line2>
- the corresponding lines from the second file
-
- Several options are available for changing the way DIFF operates. They
- are listed below.
-
- -Match specifies that, rather than listing the differences as shown
- above, lines that are the same in both files are to be listed. The
- header line will specify the line numbers in file1 and file2, separated
- by a comma.
-
- -Alters specifies that the changed lines in file2 are to be listed.
- The format of the listing is:
-
- --------------------------------- <line1>
- some lines inserted in second file
- --------------------------------- <line2>, <line3>
- some lines in second file replacing
- lines from the first file.
-
- The first header indicates that the lines which follow are inserted
- before line #<line1> in the first file; the second shows that the
- following lines replace <line2> through <line3> in the first file.
-
- -Resynch <n> specifies that at least <n> matching lines are required
- for DIFF to end a set of differing lines. The default is 3.
-
- -Header "foo" says that "foo" is the string to print at the beginning
- of a header line. The default is a string of dashes.
-
- -Blank causes DIFF to treat all strings of blanks and tabs as if they
- were single blanks, and to ignore trailing blanks and tabs on lines.
- It is useful if two files have things aligned in different columns, but
- are otherwise similar.
-
- -Singlecase causes DIFF to treat lowercase characters the same as their
- uppercase equivalents. By default, DIFF respects case differences.
-
- Any option may be abbreviated to its first character.
-
-
-
- Examples:
-
- diff whosis.bak whosis.c
- diff -match myfile herfile >duplines
- diff oldfile newfile -single -resync 4
-
-
-
- Diagnostics:
-
- "Unknown option" -- An unrecognizable option appears on the command
- line.
-
- "-xxx option requires a value" -- The -Resync or -Header option was
- specified without giving a value.
-
- "Files have too many differences to compare." -- The two files had so
- many contiguous lines without a match that DIFF ran out of memory.
-
- "can't happen" -- DIFF detected an internal error condition. This
- message should never appear.
-
-
-
- Bugs:
-
- Sometimes, DIFF loses its place in the files, and starts reporting some
- outrageous group of differences or runs out of memory. If this
- happens, the file generally has some group of three or more consecutive
- lines that are identical but appear in the middle of a changed area.
- If so, a larger value of "-resync" may help.
-
- Equal lines in the middle of a region of differences are reported as
- different. If the comparison doesn't break down, a smaller value of "-
- resync" may edit these out.
-
-
-
- Notes:
-
- If the files have a large number of differences, DIFF may take quite a
- while, apparently without disc activity, to find its place. If you are
- expecting a large number of differences, don't worry; this is normal.
- If you aren't expecting many differences, make sure that you're
- comparing the correct pair of files.
-