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- DOS CONCEPTS
-
-
- The material on this disk is used to introduce the concept of a
- program, the basic components of the computer
- (input/output/memorystorage/CPU), the operating system, and the
- relationship between a programs and data (in memory and on disk).
-
- I. Demonstration Programs (*.EXE)
- II. Source Programs (*.BAS)
- III. Handouts (*.HDT)
- IV. Assignments (*.AST)
- V. Data Files (*.DAT)
-
- I. Demonstration Programs
-
- The following are descriptions of the demo programs on the disk
- (in the order in which I introduce them):
-
- PONG.EXE This program is used to illustrate loading and execution
- of a program, followed by return to the operating system.
- It needs no explanation, and loosens beginners up. I use it
- the first class meeting, and lecture on the flow of informa-
- tion from storage to memory as the program is loaded and the
- transfer of control from the operating system to the program
- then back to the operating system.
-
- MORTGAGE.EXE This program computes mortgage payments, etc. It is
- self-explanatory, but the user interface is rather poor. I
- use it as a jumping off point for a discussion of the neces-
- sity of carefully reading screen output and instructions,
- the need to be skeptical of computer results, sources of
- computer system error, and user interfaces and how this one
- could be improved (see assignment 1). In other words, this
- program is good because it's bad.
-
- TTT.EXE This is a tic-tac-toe program. It makes the same points
- as PONG, but is a better illustration of the idea of a se-
- quentially executed program. I hand out a flowchart of the
- program as well as an assignment designed to get the student
- to think of it as a list of sequentially executed instruc-
- tions.
-
- PLAY.EXE This program is a tune editor, which can be used ini-
- tally without saving/restoring tunes (i. e. without intro-
- ducing the idea of a data file). A second assignment can
- involve storing and restoring tunes. Unlike MAKEFILE, the
- internal file structure is different than the screen dis-
- play, which helps the student form a more general picture of
- the relationship between a program and a data file. PLAY,
- unlike the others, requires a little documentation (a two
- page tutorial and/or a one-page reference).
-
- MAKEFILE.EXE I use this program as a first illustration of the
- idea of a data file, as opposed to a program file. The user
- types in whatever he or she wishes (e. g. a joke), then
- saves it in a file which can be printed (using PrtSc), dis-
- played, copied, erased, etc.
-
-
- II. Source Programs
-
- The source programs are for the instructors use and modification.
- I only use the compiled versions in class, because I do not wish
- to introduce BASIC interpreter and it's relationship to the rest
- of the system in the early class meetings.
-
- PONG.BAS Source code for PONG, feel free to recompile it with a
- different game "title" or whatever.
-
- MORTGAGE.BAS Source code for MORTGAGE. This was taken from the
- IBM DOS disk. THIS IS NOT PUBLIC DOMAIN MATERIAL!. USE THE
- COPY ON YOUR DOS DISKETTE!
-
- PLAY.BAS When a hard disk crashed, I lost my only copy of the
- source to this program. I am sorry that I cannot give it to
- you.
-
- TTT.BAS Source code for TTT. TTT was originally developed as a
- case study in a programming course. Therefore, I also have
- a discussion and explication of the structure of the program
- on a subroutine by subroutine basis, and a list of exercises
- involving modification to the program.
-
- MAKEFILE.BAS Source code for MAKEFILE.
-
- III. Handouts
-
- OSCOMM.HDT This file is a manual for a DOS subset. It neither
- covers all the commands and constructs nor presents all of
- the options for the commands it does cover. It is meant to
- be the minimum needed to run canned application programs and
- do light BASIC programming. This subset is enough to get
- through the course, but the student is encouraged to read
- the manual or other sources for enrichment.
-
-
- The topics summarized in the handout are:
-
- Drive Identifiers and File Names
- Wildcards
- Path names
- The commands:
- DIR
- TYPE
- ERASE
- RENAME
- <Program Name> (Load and execute the program)
- FORMAT
- COPY
- CHDIR
- PrtSc
- Ctrl-p
- Ctrl-Alt-Del
-
- TTTFLOW.HDT The text for a flowchart of the TTT program. This
- can be used as a handout (you have to draw the boxes and ar-
- rows) to illustrate the idea of a program's sequential ex-
- ecution. The assignment TTTFLOW.AST can be used with this
- handout.
-
- PLAY.HDT A tutorial and manual for the tune editor PLAY.EXE.
-
- IV. Assignments
-
- TTT.AST Usage: This assignment is to familiarize the student with
- the components of the computer and the idea of a program.
- The most interesting questions are the one on the move-
- choice algorithm and the mortgage questions.
-
- Move-choice: In discussing this, students invariably suggest
- strategies which are vague, incomplete and anthropomorphic.
- The solution illustrates the nature of a simple program.
-
- Mortgage: If you use commas in the input values, this program
- truncates the numbers (i. e. 100,000.00 would be read as
- 100). That makes for ridiculous answers, which some stu-
- dents blithly turn in, opening up a discussion of GIGO, the
- need to be careful in using computer output, programmer er-
- rors, user errors, and hardware errors.
-
- The output is also difficult to interperet, opening up a discus-
- sion of program design. We discuss the redesign of the
- program in order to better present the results and catch or
- avoid input errors. The students come up with good ideas,
- and this reinforces the idea of a program.
-
- Answers:
-
- 1. Run the TTT program and answer the following questions:
-
- What has the computer been programmed to do if you try moving to
- a square that is already taken?
-
- Display the message indicating that the square is occupied.
-
- What has the computer been programmed to do if you try moving to
- a square that does not exist, like square 10?
-
- Display a message indicating that the legal moves are 1-9 only.
-
- What has the computer been programmed to do if you try something
- really strange, like moving to square HOHO?
-
- Display a message indicating that the legal moves are 1-9 only.
-
- What has the computer been programmed to do if you hold down the
- CTRL key and type the letter C while playing the game?
-
- Immediately stop execution of the application program and return
- control to the operating system, which displays its prompt.
-
- How has the computer been programmed to choose its next move?
- You can spot the programmed pattern by playing several games
- and watching what it does. Your answer should not be vague
- or incomplete.
-
- Take the center if it is open, otherwise take a corner, or if no
- corners are open take a side. The ordering of priorities is
- 5, 1, 3, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8.
-
- 2. Run the MORTGAGE program, and answer the following questions:
-
- What is the monthly payment for a loan of $12,352 for 7 years at
- an interest rate of 13%.
-
- $224.71
-
- If you borrow $100,000 at 13% for 30 years, your monthly payment
- is $1,106.20. In the 319th month, how much of the payment
- goes for interest and how much for principle?
-
- Int: $402.65, prin: $703.55
-
- PLAY.AST This assignment further illustrates the use of pre-
- written program, the keyboard, and the relationship between
- the application program and operating system. It requires
- that the user read a manual, since I only describe it
- briefly in class before making the assignment.
-
- Usage:
-
- This assignment also prepares the student for a discussion of the
- distinction between a program and data (in memory and on
- disk). After they have done this assignment, I ask them
- where the tune "is" while you are working on it. Discussing
- that question leads to the idea that the operating system,
- the application program, and the data the program is working
- with are all in memory while the program executes.
-
- Next, I ask what would happen if they were interrupted and wanted
- to save the tune they were working on; where would it be
- saved? That leads to the concept of a data file in storage.
-
- MAKEFILE.AST This assignment follows up on the idea of a data
- file, requiring that they create one themselves. It also
- introduces the DIR and TYPE operating system commands, as a
- lead in to the next assignment.
-
- Students must be shown how to format a disk before giving them
- this assignment.
-
- DOS.AST This assignment gives practice with the operating system
- commands and solidifies the concept of data and program
- files.
-
- TTTFLOW.AST This assignment illustrates flowcharting and the idea
- of a sequentially executing program. It requires the flow-
- chart in TTTFLOW.HDT. This assignment is also useful when
- introducing programming.
-
-
- V. Data files
-
- STRUC.DAT A small structured file to introduce the idea of files
- and exercise DOS commands. You can also informally intro-
- duce the ideas of records and fields if you wish.
-
- TEXT.DAT A small test file to introduce the idea of files and ex-
- ercise DOS commands.
-