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- Oulinσ fo≥ ß Lo≈-Cos⌠ Compute≥-BaseΣ Classrooφ Fo≥ ResearcΦ iε ì
- Compute≥-EnhanceΣ Instruction
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- Larr∙ Press
- CI╙ Department
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- Thσ Lab
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- áááááEacΦ studen⌠ sit≤ a⌠ ß workstatioε witΦ ß bit-mappeΣ ì
- ááááá(graphic⌐ display¼ removeablσ loca∞ storagσ (flopp∙ disk)¼ ì
- áááááloca∞ fixeΣ storage¼ ß keyboard¼ anΣ ß drawinτ devicσ ì
- ááááá(mouse)« Thσ workstation≤ ruε ß multi-taskinτ operatinτ ì
- ááááásystem¼ anΣ the∙ arσ connecteΣ oε ß loca∞ areß networδ ì
- ááááá(LAN).
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- áááááOnσ workstatioε oε thσ LA╬ i≤ ß projected-displa∙ server¼ ì
- ááááácontrollinτ ß largσ forma⌠ displa∙ devicσ whicΦ everyonσ iε ì
- áááááthσ rooφ caε read« Thi≤ devicσ require≤ a⌠ leas⌠ thσ ì
- áááááresolutioε oµ aε EG┴ display¼ whicΦ i≤ jus⌠ beyonΣ thσ leve∞ ì
- áááááoµ today'≤ commerciall∙ availablσ LC─ displays« Highe≥ ì
- áááááresolutioε shoulΣ bσ availablσ soon¼ o≥ perhap≤ ß custoφ ì
- ááááádispla∙ shoulΣ bσ designeΣ (tha⌠ woulΣ bσ relativel∙ eas∙ ì
- áááááanΣ i⌠ woulΣ bσ ß one-timσ expense)«
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- áááááThσ instructor'≤ workstatioε woulΣ als∩ bσ oε thσ networδ ì
- áááááanΣ it≤ hardwarσ woulΣ bσ identica∞ t∩ tha⌠ oµ thσ students¼ ì
- ááááábu⌠ hσ o≥ shσ woulΣ havσ somσ softwarσ capabilit∙ thσ ì
- ááááástudent'≤ diΣ not.
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- áááááOthe≥ resourcσ server≤ coulΣ bσ oε thσ network« Fo≥ examplσ ì
- áááááß CD-RO═ databasσ server¼ ß prin⌠ server¼ ß modeφ serve≥ fo≥ ì
- áááááoutsidσ lines¼ o≥ ß hard-wireΣ gatewa∙ t∩ aε on-campu≤ ì
- ááááámainframe.
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- áááááThσ equipmen⌠ cos⌠ woulΣ no⌠ bσ mucΦ morσ thaε ß ì
- áááááconventiona∞ P├ LaΓ witΦ ß LAN¼ sucΦ a≤ onσ find≤ iε man∙ ì
- áááááloca∞ junio≥ colleges« Thσ onl∙ additona∞ hardwarσ woulΣ bσ ì
- áááááthσ instructor'≤ workstation¼ thσ displa∙ serve≥ (jus⌠ ì
- áááááanothe≥ PC⌐ anΣ ß lo≈ cos⌠ LC─ display«
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- áááááGreate≥ cos⌠ woulΣ bσ iε softwarσ anΣ experimen⌠ ì
- ááááádevelopment« Commerciall∙ availablσ softwarσ woulΣ bσ useΣ ì
- ááááát∩ a≤ grea⌠ aε exten⌠ possible¼ bu⌠ systeφ programminτ ì
- áááááexpertisσ woulΣ bσ required«
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- áááááThσ rooφ woulΣ bσ useΣ botΦ fo≥ experiment≤ anΣ fo≥ ì
- áááááscheduleΣ classes« Facult∙ froφ thσ entirσ campu≤ woulΣ bσ ì
- áááááencourareΣ t∩ usσ thσ resourcσ -- iε fac⌠ thei≥ comment≤ anΣ ì
- ááááásuggestion≤ migh⌠ bσ thσ mos⌠ valuablσ researcΦ result.
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- Sample Utilization Modes
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- áááááA⌠ al∞ times¼ student≤ o≥ thσ instructo≥ caε writσ o≥ dra≈ ì
- ááááálocally¼ savinτ whateve≥ the∙ wisΦ oε thei≥ loca∞ media« ì
- áááááCommand≤ fo≥ storing¼ browsinτ througΦ anΣ retrievinτ ìèáááááobject≤ woulΣ bσ provided«
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- áááááThσ systeφ wil∞ offe≥ differen⌠ contentioε state≤ fo≥ thσ ì
- áááááshareΣ display¼ fo≥ examplσ -- yo⌡ caε onl∙ write/dra≈ oε i⌠ ì
- áááááwitΦ permissioε oµ thσ instructor¼ yo⌡ caε onl∙ write/dra≈ ì
- áááááoε i⌠ witΦ permissioε oµ thσ class¼ o≥ first-comσ first-ì
- áááááserved« I⌠ shoulΣ als∩ bσ possiblσ fo≥ morσ thaε onσ persoε ì
- ááááát∩ write/dra≈ simultaneousl∙ iε differn⌠ window≤ oε thσ ì
- áááááshareΣ screen« Iε "pandemoniuφ modeó everyonσ coulΣ writσ ì
- ááááásimultaneously.
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- áááááIε additioε t∩ writinτ anΣ drawinτ directl∙ oε thσ shareΣ ì
- ááááádisplay¼ thσ student≤ anΣ instructo≥ wil∞ bσ ablσ t∩ ì
- ááááá"publishó locally-prepareΣ materia∞ oε thσ shareΣ displa∙ ì
- ááááá(again¼ subjec⌠ t∩ contentioε rules)
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- áááááAl∞ entrie≤ oε thσ shareΣ displa∙ wil∞ bσ taggeΣ t∩ sho≈ wh∩ ì
- ááááámadσ theφ anΣ wheε the∙ werσ made« Aε optiona∞ transcrip⌠ ì
- áááááoµ al∞ shared-displa∙ event≤ wil∞ bσ maintainted.
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- áááááStudent≤ anΣ thσ instructo≥ wil∞ bσ ablσ t∩ makσ loca∞ ì
- ááááácopie≤ oµ an∙ o≥ al∞ materia∞ oε thσ shareΣ display« Thi≤ ì
- áááááma∙ bσ oε demanΣ o≥ viß ß runninτ transcript.
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- áááááStudent≤ anΣ thσ instructo≥ wil∞ bσ ablσ t∩ sugges⌠ answer≤ ì
- ááááát∩ question≤ iε ß "votingó mode.
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- áááááCommunicatioε betweeε workstation≤ woulΣ als∩ bσ possiblσ -- ì
- ááááápoint-to-poin⌠ anΣ broadcas⌠ mai∞ a≤ wel∞ a≤ "cható mode.
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- áááááAΣ hoπ logica∞ linkinτ oµ smal∞ group≤ oµ workstation≤ ì
- áááááshoulΣ als∩ bσ possiblσ fo≥ experiment≤ iε smal∞ grou≡ ì
- ááááácooperatioε anΣ probleφ solving« (Notσ tha⌠ thi≤ situatioε ì
- ááááácoulΣ bσ simulateΣ iε ß pilo⌠ stud∙ witΦ onl∙ tw∩ ì
- áááááworkstation≤ arrangeΣ arounΣ ß conventiona∞ shareΣ display).
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- Examples of Structured Interaction Modes
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- áááááProgram≤ (o≥ policie≤ establisheΣ b∙ thσ instructor⌐ whicΦ ì
- áááááimposσ somσ structurσ oε thσ classrooφ interactioε ma∙ bσ ì
- áááááexperimenteΣ with« Fo≥ example¼ ß grou≡ outlininτ proces≤ ì
- ááááámigh⌠ havσ threσ modes║ brainstorm¼ select¼ anΣ arrange« ì
- áááááIε brainstorφ mode¼ thσ systeφ woulΣ no⌠ allo≈ an∙ remarδ o≥ ì
- ááááácommen⌠ t∩ bσ erased« Iε selec⌠ mode¼ item≤ coulΣ bσ ì
- ááááádeleteΣ b∙ votσ o≥ concensus¼ anΣ iε arrangσ mode¼ onl∙ thσ ì
- áááááinstructo≥ coulΣ movσ item≤ a≤ thσ grou≡ decided.
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- áááááAnothe≥ shared-structurσ situatioε woulΣ bσ seeking-ì
- áááááconsensus¼ sa∙ oε thσ questioε oµ Contrß aid« Participant≤ ì
- áááááwoulΣ a⌠ firs⌠ bσ encourageΣ t∩ statσ pro≤ anΣ con≤ iε ì
- ááááábrainstorφ fashion« Durinτ thσ analysi≤ phase¼ thosσ ì
- ááááástatement≤ coulΣ bσ grouped¼ theε analyzeΣ fo≥ implici⌠ ì
- áááááassumption≤ abou⌠ pas⌠ events¼ futurσ projections¼ anΣ ì
- ááááácausa∞ relationships« Durinτ ß final¼ synthesi≤ phase¼ ì
- áááááorigina∞ statement≤ coulΣ bσ modifieΣ witΦ thei≥ author'≤ ìèááááápermission¼ anΣ ß fina∞ machine-readablσ transcrip⌠ bσ madσ ì
- áááááavailablσ t∩ all.
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- ááááá┴ fina∞ examplσ oµ ß shared-structurσ exercisσ i≤ grou≡ ì
- ááááácriticisφ anΣ revisioε oµ ß proposa∞ (sa∙ onσ pu⌠ forwarΣ b∙ ì
- áááááthσ instructor⌐ o≥ ß documen⌠ (perhap≤ ß studen⌠ essa∙ iε ß ì
- áááááwritinτ class)« SuggesteΣ revision≤ coulΣ bσ discussed¼ ì
- ááááámade¼ anΣ evaluateΣ oε thσ shareΣ display«
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- Price/cost niche?
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- áááááMos⌠ glitz∙ officσ automatioε anΣ CA╔ project≤ arσ protoype≤ ì
- áááááoµ thσ future¼ developeΣ oε expensivσ workstations¼ witΦ thσ ì
- ááááábudget≤ oµ largσ corporation≤ o≥ prestigiou≤ universitie≤ iε ì
- ááááámind« Wσ neeΣ ß timσ linσ -- b∙ wha⌠ yea≥ wil∞ ou≥ ì
- ááááádevelopmen⌠ begiε anΣ b∙ wha⌠ yea≥ woulΣ wσ expec⌠ thσ ì
- áááááequipmen⌠ t∩ bσ affordablσ t∩ ß poverty-strickeε universit∙ ì
- ááááásucΦ a≤ CSUDH?
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- áááááFo≥ example¼ iµ wσ develo≡ usinτ today'≤ high-enΣ commodit∙ ì
- áááááhardwarσ (Maπ II¼ 80386-baseΣ PC¼ shared-LC─ display¼ anΣ ì
- áááááEthernet⌐ rathe≥ thaε workstations¼ wσ arσ shootinτ fo≥ ì
- áááááwidespreaΣ affordabilit∙ iε fivσ years.
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- Pilot Work -- Simulation using our LCD displays:
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- ╔ aφ tryinτ somσ experiment≤ usinτ ß single-statioε LC─ ì
- ááááádispla∙ unde≥ contro∞ oµ thσ instructo≥ durinτ lecture≤ oε ì
- ááááátextbooδ chapters« Thi≤ wil∞ focu≤ thσ student'≤ attention¼ ì
- áááááillustratσ aε orderl∙ approacΦ t∩ reading/studying¼ anΣ ì
- áááááproducσ ß machine-readablσ se⌠ oµ note≤ whicΦ student≤ ma∙ ì
- ááááácop∙ anΣ manipulatσ witΦ worΣ processor≤ o≥ othe≥ programs« ì
- ááááá╔ hopσ tha⌠ i⌠ wil∞ als∩ encouragσ studen⌠ interactioε anΣ ì
- áááááinvolvement.
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- A few ideas are:
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- 1. Discus≤ ß chapte≥ iε whicΦ eacΦ grou≡ oµ student≤ ha≤ ì
- ááááááááábeeε assigneΣ responsibilit∙ fo≥ prepartinτ onσ section« ì
- áááááááááInstructo≥ i≤ ß "secretaryó fo≥ thσ group.
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- ááááá2. Begiε witΦ ß displayeΣ chapte≥ outlinσ anΣ havσ student≤ ì
- ááááááááádiscus≤ anΣ flesΦ i⌠ out¼ witΦ thσ outline¼ no⌠ thσ ì
- áááááááááinstructo≥ guidinτ thσ discussioε -- agaiε instructo≥ a≤ ì
- áááááááááß "secretary."
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- 3. Havσ group≤ preparσ portion≤ oµ ß chapte≥ oε disδ iε ì
- áááááááááadvance¼ anΣ displa∙ thosσ t∩ guidσ thσ discussioε oµ ì
- áááááááááthσ material.
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- Pilot Work -- Efficacy of reading displayed material
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- áááááThi≤ sor⌠ oµ instructioε anΣ officσ automatioε botΦ assumσ ì
- ááááátha⌠ peoplσ arσ comfortablσ anΣ efficien⌠ readinτ froφ ì
- ááááádisplay≤ rathe≥ thaε paper« ╔ aφ als∩ tryinτ pilo⌠ test≤ oµ ìèáááááthi≤ hypothesi≤ (whicΦ ╔ suspec⌠ i≤ falsσ witΦ today'≤ ì
- ááááádispla∙ resolutions¼ surfacσ characteristic≤ anΣ lacδ oµ ì
- áááááportabilit∙ fo≥ natura∞ positioning).
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- áááááPilo⌠ test≤ caε comparσ paper¼ projecteΣ displays¼ anΣ one-ì
- ááááápersoε CR╘ displays¼ usinτ standarΣ reading-comprehensioε ì
- ááááátest≤ a≤ founΣ iε thσ SAT« Thesσ test≤ wil∞ bσ conducteΣ ì
- ááááánea≥ thσ enΣ oµ thσ term¼ wheε thσ student≤ havσ haΣ man∙ ì
- áááááassignment≤ requirinτ theφ t∩ usσ computer≤ anΣ worΣ ì
- áááááprocessinτ software.
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- áááááSomσ variable≤ t∩ takσ accoun⌠ oµ iε thi≤ sor⌠ oµ stud∙ are║ ì
- ááááástuden⌠ backgrounΣ anΣ compute≥ proficienc∙ (Larr∙ Rosen?)¼ ì
- ááááádispla∙ resolution¼ typσ font¼ proportional/monospaceΣ type¼ ì
- áááááscreeε size¼ etc« Anothe≥ wa∙ oµ lookinτ a⌠ thi≤ researcΦ ì
- ááááái≤ tha⌠ i⌠ i≤ aε attemp⌠ t∩ answe≥ thσ question║ wha⌠ i≤ ì
- áááááthσ bes⌠ sizσ anΣ presentatioε forma⌠ fo≥ writteε materia∞ ì
- áááááoε ß displa∙ o≥ projectioε screen?
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- Relevant areas of prior work:
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- 1« Officσ automation¼ e.g.:
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- ááááá teleconferencing║ Turoff¼ EIES¼ ou≥ IS╔ study
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- ááááá automateΣ meetinτ rooms║ COLAB¼ Kraeme≥ anΣ Kinτ, Sarin
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- ááááá collaboratioε support║ Englebart¼ Fo≥ Comment
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- ááááá2« ResearcΦ showinτ cooperation/tutorinτ work≤ iε teaching:
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- ááááá ForΣ stud∙ oε pee≥ tutoring
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- ááááá refernce≤ froφ ou≥ developmen⌠ office
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- ááááá3« Hypertex⌠ projects:
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- ááááá Browε University¼ Xanadu, Hypercard, Guide, Ask Sam
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- ááááá4. Worδ iε EnlisΦ department≤ a⌠ computer-enhanceΣ ì
- ááááááááábrainstroming¼ planning¼ writinτ anΣ revision:
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- ááááá Ear∞ RanΣ
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- Press' qualification
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- ╔ aφ no⌠ aε EDD¼ bu⌠ ╔ havσ writteε eigh⌠ paper≤ anΣ ì
- áááááarticle≤ oε compute≥ assisteΣ instructioε ove≥ thσ year≤ anΣ ì
- ááááá╔ usσ computer≤ regularl∙ iε m∙ teaching« ╔ als∩ haΣ ß ì
- ááááálotter∙ gran⌠ fo≥ ß CA╔ projec⌠ las⌠ yea≥ anΣ diΣ ß CA╔ ì
- áááááprojec⌠ fo≥ childreε man∙ year≤ ago.