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-
- CA.COM by Mark Adler Pasadena, CA 1988,1989.
-
-
- CA is a command used to change and examine file attributes. Entering
- just:
-
- ca
-
- may give a display like:
-
- *.*
- rhy- ibmbio.com
- rhy- ibmdos.com
- r--- command.com
- ---m config.sys
- ---m autoexec.bat
-
- which is a list of files in the root directory and their attributes.
- The first column of attributes is either '-' or 'r' for read/write or
- read/only. The second column is either '-' or 'h' for visible or
- hidden. The third column is '-' or 'y' for typical or system, and the
- fourth column is '-' or 'm' for backed-up or modified.
-
- To change attributes, there are eight options to set each of the four
- attribute bits to their possible values. For example, the command:
-
- ca/b
-
- would try to change all the files in the current directory to the
- backed-up status and would display, for the example directory above:
-
- changed config.sys
- changed autoexec.bat
- 2 files' attributes changed
-
- Note that CA only changed the files that needed to be changed. See
- below for a complete listing of the options.
-
- CA can take file names to narrow down what is changed. For example:
-
- ca/vt *.com
-
- will make all the .COM files visible and typical, so for the above
- directory, the system files IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM would show up in
- the normal directory listing.
-
- CA can also perform these operations to all the files contained in a
- subdirectory and its subsubdirectories, etc. The option for this is
- "/S":
-
- ca/sr \dos
-
- will make all the files in \DOS read-only.
-
- Alternatively, CA can change all the files that match a particular name,
- but in all the subdirectories. The option for this is "/F" (find):
-
- ca/fr \*.exe
-
- will make all the .EXE files on the current drive read/only, no matter
- where they are.
-
- CA can prompt you before changing the attribute of each file. For
- example:
-
- ca/pb *.*
-
- will, for each file in the current directory that has been modified
- since the last backup, ask youif it should change the modified bit or
- not:
-
- Change file foo.c (y/n)? _
-
- You must then answer y, n, Y, or N. Any other response is ignored.
-
- CA takes options that are preceded by a slash (/). The command line is
- read from left to right, processing options and file/path names as they
- appear. However, options that are appended to a file/path name take
- effect before that name is processed. For example, this command would
- do the same thing as "ca/r *.exe":
-
- ca *.exe/r
-
- But the command "ca *.exe /r" (notice the extra space before the /r)
- would not do the same thing. In this case, CA notices the "dangling"
- option before it does anything and simply ignores the entire command for
- safety, printing:
-
- Dangling option---entire command ignored
-
- Since there are options to change the defaults along a command line,
- there are options to change them back for processing the next thing
- on the command line. All the options are listed here:
-
- /R - Change attribute to read-only.
- /W - Change attribute to read-write.
- /H - Change attribute to hidden.
- /V - Change attribute to visible.
- /Y - Change attribute to system.
- /T - Change attribute to typical.
- /M - Change attribute to modified.
- /B - Change attribute to backed-up.
- /L - No change---just list files and their attributes (default).
- /S - Include matching subdirectories and all of their contents.
- /N - Ignore subdirectories (default).
- /F - Include all files that match pattern in all subdirs.
- /A - Include all files in subdirectories, period (default).
- /P - Prompt for each deletion or removal.
- /Q - Quiet---don't prompt (default).
- /? - Display version number and list of options.
-
- A complicated example of CA is:
-
- ca /frp \*.com \*.exe /l \*.com \*.exe
-
- which prompts to change all the .COM and .EXE files on the current drive
- to read-only and then lists all the .COM and .EXE files on the current
- drive along with their (possibly new) attributes. The /L turns off the
- change turned on by the /R. The /P is ignored when listing, so it was
- not necessary to turn that off with /Q.
-
-
- Version history -
-
- 1.0 5 Jun 1988 First public version
- 1.1 18 Nov 1988 Fixed for Turbo C 2.0 (label needs statement)
- 1.2 3 Feb 1989 Display files and directories in lower case
- 1.3 21 Oct 1989 Catch dangling options and ignore command
-
-
- Feel free to send any problems with or comments on CA.COM to:
-
- Mark Adler
- P.O. Box 60998
- Pasadena, CA 91116
-