Mr. Machinist has been developed to be the choice of CNC programmers and machinist who need quick solutions to math problems. It also enables the user to edit G
M coded files created manually or by a CAD/CAM program.
With Mr. Machinist you can view a Decimal chart while editing or convert millimeters to inches, get a chord, get the length of a hypotenuse, view and edit multiple machine programs, calculate a bolt circle, calculate
speeds
feeds, and find the area and volume of just about any shape. Do your calculations and assign variables to formulas using the powerful scientific
calculator. You can also strike the F1 key for context sensitive help any time and a library of defined terms will be at your finger tips.
One major advantage of Mr. Machinist is its ability to continually keep a log file of all the functions you choose. This log file is constantly being updated as you require answers to functions. You may view the answer file by striking 'Ctrl-F1' and you may print the answer file by striking 'Ctrl-P'. This answer file, called MRMSOLVE.TXT, only exists during your current session. The answer file is renamed to MRMSOLVE.BAK upon the startup of the next session. u
The full potential of this program can not be conceived with out reading the manual and working with the tutorials.
If you have any suggestions or comments please mail your response to the address below or call customer support at (716)434-7823. H
You can receive the most recent version by calling one of these BBS's:
MR. MACHINIST - 716-434-1448
HARVEST - 716-433-5524
EXEC PC - 414-789-4390
SME - 313-271-3424
TURBO CITY - 209-599-7435
COMPUSERVE - (Your local number)
The file name of the program will always begin with 'MRM' and then have the version number after it. Z
If you would like the most recent version sent to you 2-day air mail then send $5.00 to: 7
Among other common considerations, a strong thought needs to be given to the table travel area. This factor has the most impact on ROI ( return on investment ). Since the table travel area is the only place where work can be done, lets study it in detail.
Past technology ( hand crank mills ) required the machinist to "dial in" and "weld" the setup to limit the number of human errors. These setups were designed around holding usually one part at a time to do only one operation at a time. The natural concept which developed was to use the smaller machines for the smaller parts and the larger machines were reserved to accommodate the big stuff. This idea was great when the fear factor was the almighty human element.
The human element, during machine operation, has diminished considerably thanks to computer control. The computer allows the human to be more creative in tooling design while it, the computer, does the tiresome repetitive work of machining close tolerance parts. |
The new technology has a few unique advantages. The computer doesn't "whine" if it is instructed to crank all the way across the table at 400-inches a minute to drill a hole. Try that with your hand crank mill. The computer can also position the table anywhere within the table travel to an accuracy of .0005" or better; and it does this feat while traveling at "warp" speed.
These two factors alone, allow us to program and use the entire table travel area safely, confidently, and profitably. Imagine, take that little part and toss it on the table anywhere, hold it and machine it right where it lands.
Think about it. ANYWHERE! L
Remember the old geezer that would tell us to put the vise on the other end of the table for a while to even out the table wear. Now, by mounting parts all over the table, we can even out the table wear and at the same time be far more productive, and we can do all this while were out having lunch; because a table full of parts can run a long time. While holding this thought, an interesting idea comes to mind. Divide the total table travel area into the machine's price and we establish a cost per square inch of table travel. Now we have one valid comparison "yardstick" to use. p
Comparisons between machines will generally yield a lesser cost per square inch for the larger bed-type mills.
Two examples will show how:
A Fadal VMC 40 machining center with a table travel of 20" x 16" has an approximate CPSI ( Cost Per Square Inch ) of $205.00, while the Fadal VMC 6030 with a table travel of 60" x 30" has a CPSI of around $62.00. The CPSI on the big machine is 30 percent that of the VMC 40. 4
A Hurco KM3 knee mill with a table travel of 24" x 14" has an approximate CPSI of $117.00, while the Hurco BMC 40 with 30" x 40" table travel has a CPSI of around $93.00; and they also throw in a tool changer. This is just about 80 percent of the knee mills CPSI price and you can do the bigger parts too.
Using all the available area requires imagination, but the rewards are many. If the work is long run and steady, then large fixtures can be built to hold large numbers of parts. If, however, the work is short run and varied then perhaps the table can be divided into sections. One section might have two vises set up. Another section could have an indexing head. In the rear section a subplate used to mount various fixtures could make this machine quite versatile. 1
One outfit I was told about divides the table in the middle. The day shift uses the right side for its work and the afternoon shift uses the left side. This concept solves training one person on another persons setup. In effect the company has two machines, one for each shift, at a much reduced cost.
The main thrust, here, is to limit the downtime needed to setup tooling. In any case, remember, anywhere within the confines of the table travel is fair game to machine a part. Use it advantageously. FILL IT UP! +
by Stan Dornfeld
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
Cutting Speed or Surface Speed
==============================
Cutting speed and surface speed are terms interchangeable in their usage. These terms and their intent are often times misunderstood. To help define cutting speed I'll use an illustration.
While you and a friend are driving down the road, he reaches in the back seat of the car and picks up a large tool bit. He then takes it and jams it down through the floor boards and into the pavement below. As this tool bit is carving up the road like a plow he asks you what the cutting speed is. You look at the speedometer and say "Thirty miles an hour". That is the speed you are moving over the surface and hence represents the idea behind cutting speed. m
So the definition of cutting speed is how fast the tool is traveling through the work while making 'chips'. O
We need to make the transition from straight line speed to rotational speed because in lathe work as well as mill work we deal with rotation. In the lathe, the work rotates; however on the mill the cutter rotates. Diameter and Pi are the factors equating Revolutions Per Minute with straight line Cutting Speed. Cutting speed terms are in feet per minute while bar stock and milling cutters are in inches. If we use twelve to convert inches to feet and use three to approximate Pi the formula for RPM would be (4 times the Cutting Speed divided by the Diameter of the Work or Cutter).
Something Interesting! 0
A reasonable cutting speed for mild steel is near 88 feet per minute using a 'high speed steel' tool bit. In a automobile 60 Miles Per Hour equals 88 feet per second. Since 88 feet per second is 60 times faster than 88 feet per minute; a tool bit cutting mild steel is traveling only 1 mile per hour!
The actual values for cutting speed are only possible starting points and should be verified by experiment depending on the job at hand. A common consideration for establishing cutting speed values is the time it takes to dull a tool. It may be more profitable to run faster for higher production and replace the tools more often. The other way might be to run the tools more slowly for endurance while machining unattended. There is a big variation here so after selecting a starting speed tune it up for the work and the productivity. m
Moving from below 200 surface feet per minute to somewhere above, most materials act and cut differently. A soft aluminum casting run 'slowly' can get gummy and the tool will cut tearing its way along. However machining at a higher speed (You can't hardly go to fast in aluminum) the cast surface smoothed out and shined like a mirror except for the porosity.
In most applications cutting tools do not have to attain the recommended cutting speed to work properly. A one sixteenth inch end mill would need very high RPM to cut brass or aluminum. It's really the chip load and depth of cut which for the most part makes a tool work effectively. h
Stan Dornfeld
San Diego
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
A Different Data Protection System For The Shop
===============================================
As a job shop, machining various parts for several customers, I find data storage a challenge. I use AutoCAD, Mastercam and other software for part programming. These applications create many files. File extensions generated include DWG, DXF, GE3, NCS, NCI, and NC. All these file types may be created for one file name which is used only to machine one aspect of the job. The next operation will require another set of files.
The eight character file name leaves little room to identify what part or what operation the file is for. Storing all these files on the hard drive makes organization a real difficulty. The use of multiple directories may help some; but other complications creep in. These complications include data retrieval over many directories as well as data protection for files which may only be accessed periodically. Doing regular backup processes for these files is at best a chore and an annoyance.
A solution which settles most of the problems is to use diskettes. A 3 1/2 inch diskette can hold more information than a 5 1/4 inch disk and is much more "bullet proof". In bulk these discs are very inexpensive. If one diskette is used for each part number, the part number can be written outside on the label. All the information about this part is written directly to this disk instead of the hard drive. This procedure is going on as the files are being built in real time. In other words the data is deposited on the diskette instead of the hard drive during the drawing or programming secession. Data files don't need to be copied to the diskette because they are already there. The temporary files are the only ones deposited on the hard drive. x
A particular diskette is only used for one part. Since the part number and customer are printed on the disk label the files inside don't have to be identified with the part number. This leaves a file name open for operation identification. A file may be named "tooling" if tooling was drawn and programmed to be built. An operation machining the top of a piece could be named "top" etc. A file may be built for a particular tool using that tool number or other tool identification for the file name. The intent is to, as much as possible, keep the data off the hard drive for easier organization and on less volatile media. 9
Storing the diskette in a manila folder with the blueprint and other specific part information makes information retrieval easy. The hard drive would only hold applications and highly accessed data. One "big backup" to store the "finger print" of the applications and their arrangement on the hard drive should suffice for a long while. Regular and very modest backups would cover the highly accessed data. These backups conceivably should be of very short duration and may be processed with a batch file program.
The "xcopy" command used in a batch file could deposit the backup copies on a diskette in usable form as readable files. This allows file retrieval without using a special backup program. Many backup programs store information in a compact form which is unreadable without the original backup software.
The parts which are manufactured on a regular basis would warrant a separate copy off site just for safety. When storing all data on a hard disk a "crash" is devastating. Many files may be lost. If a diskette goes bad only one job's worth of files is lost. Having to rebuild this original data is definitely a "time sponge" but often at these times improvements can be implemented which yield better production.
To backup or not to backup; why is this a question? Any time a file is backed up assurance has to be made that both copies are changed when data updates are stored. A backup copy is not much good if it is not up to date. Off site storage can aggravate this situation even more. O
If a file is easy to reconstruct and is seldom used why back it up? You might not ever use it again. If a file is seldom accessed but very involved a backup copy is probably a good idea. If all your data is on the hard drive you are compelled to backup; and you will most likely be backing up data of varying need every time. Yuk! [
The down side of this concept is speed. The diskette drives are of course much slower. But in total, are they really? The time spent hunting files on the hard drive, backing up many files, figuring ways to implement organization, and the general confusion of it all may add essential support for the "each job on an individual diskette" idea. a
Stan Dornfeld
June 1, 1994
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
The DORNFELD Drill Cycle
========================
It's common knowledge that a drill can drill from 3 to 3 1/2 drill diameters deep on the first peck using an adequate chip load ( Please refer to file DRILLFED.PRN ). It's not common knowledge that subsequent pecks should be near 1/2 diameter each. In the "G83" code there is a provision for a reducing value. I have no experience with it. I figure after 3 diameters deep in a hole all pecks look alike.
Two important factors in the drilling cycle contribute to premature drill wear. Absence of dwell at the bottom of a hole or peck and rapid traverse down to the exact bottom of a hole for succeeding pecks. ( Please refer to file PECKING.PRN ) 9
The drill cycle that I propose and use does three jobs.
One, it takes the depth of the hole and divides it by the drill diameter. This tells the control if the 3 1/2 diameter depth has been exceeded. If not then there is just one peck with a 2 revolution feed reversal. If so the control figures how many 1/2 diameter pecks are needed to machine the hole to depth from a point somewhere between 3 and 3 1/2 diameters. The control then calculates 1/2 diameter pecks from the hole bottom stacking them up to within the 3 to 3 1/2 diameter area. The first peck then knows how deep its peck needs to be. This backwards process prevents the control from going down to remove .005" from the bottom of a 1" hole. The remainder is near the top to save a little time and lessens the chance of problems at the 3 1/2 diameter area.
Two, at the end of each drill peck the feed reverses for a distance which is the length of time of two spindle revolutions. The control uses surface feet per minute, tool diameter and feed rate to calculate the distance needed. Q
Three, the tool then rapids up out of the hole and the control remembers where it stopped down feeding. When the drill rapid returns into the hole the control tells it to kick into feed at a point 3% of the drill diameter above where it stopped feeding in the preceding peck. This distance gives the drill a chance to pick up a loose chip which may have fallen back into the hole and continue machining the hole. Neat Huh! Jim Sack my computer Guru wrote a "G" Code Generator program which puts out code for production machining. He coded this routine for me and it's great. The control doesn't understand it so all moves are individual. ( They are sent to the mill over the hard wire ). I wanted a dwell at the peck bottom but no means were provided for incorporating a dwell where I needed it. That's when the feed reversal idea hit me.
If the control can read the tool offsets to use cutter compensation it should also be able to calculate these drill parameters in a drill cycle. These parameters should be modifiable in a configure screen to set defaults and also at the "G" code command line for special needs. Open architecture has done well for AutoCAD so I feel any software written would do well using the same principals. No one knows what the person who uses this control needs to accomplish. So give him all the variety you can. 1
Stan Dornfeld
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
Optimizing the Drilling Process
===============================
It has been estimated that 95% of all machined parts have holes in them. It has also been estimated 80% of all chips, by weight, come out of drilled holes; and 70% of those chips are from holes under 7/16" in diameter.
Referring to the previous statements, a good "metal cutter" would do well to learn all he can about drilling holes. In all probability he will be kept busy drilling them. "
A drill has a number of specific jobs to do. It should produce a round hole on size. The hole should also be on location directly under the spindle. The surface finish of a hole needs to be smooth and the burrs created by entering and leaving the hole should be minimal. A tool which can do all of these things is a special tool indeed; and a manufacturer who undertakes to consistently build exceptional geometry and quality into a tool needs to be applauded. No matter how much a machining center costs it can not machine a hole efficiently without a quality tool. An inferior tool can break the back of production for the company as well as the man trying to run the machine. Experience has shown us quality split point stub length drills and carbide circuit board drills meet these needs. r
After the proper drill is selected, a suitable RPM and feed rate need to be programmed. The RPM is determined by three factors. The cutting speed possible with the material being machined, the type of drill being used, and the hole diameter being cut. This information is readily available in charts or tool manufacturers "slide rules" and need not be repeated here.
The programmed feed rate is the factor which needs further understanding. While carefully examining two drills having significant diameter differences, notice the geometry. It is the same. Since the drills are similar then the chips they produce should also be similar though different in size. This fact allows us to relate chip thickness directly to each drills diameter. For instance, drills work consistently well with a chip load per flute of near 1.7 percent of their diameter. Therefore diameter is a direct factor used in calculating feed rate. A drill's feed rate is figured by multiplying the two flutes times the RPM multiplied by .017 times the drill diameter. This result equals the feed rate in inches per minute.
A quicker and easier way to achieve the same result is to equate the drill's feed rate to the decimal equivalence chart. Here's how to do it. Using a 3000 RPM standard, look up the drill's diameter on the decimal chart. A 1/8 inch drill equals .125". Move the decimal point two places to the right. The result 12.5 is the drill's feed rate in inches per minute. So the drill's decimal equivalent multiplied by 100 equals that drill's feed rate in inches per minute. This statement establishes a drill's feed rate relative to its diameter at 3000 RPM. For another example, a 1/4 inch drill's decimal diameter equals .250 inches. Move the decimal point two places two the right (multiply .250 by 100) and the result is 25 inches. So 25 inches per minute is the actual feed rate for this drill at the 3000 RPM standard. This system works well for drill diameters between .013 - 1.000 inches.
If 3000 RPM is too fast for the work you are doing and 1000 is the RPM you want to use, reduce the feed rate by a proportionate amount to 1/3 of what was figured at 3000 RPM. This would be 8.3 inches per minute for the .250 inch drill. }
Say 1000 RPM is still too fast and 300 RPM is desired. Look at 300 RPM as being equal to one tenth of 3000 RPM. So when you need to use the 300 RPM standard for larger drills in tougher materials move the decimal point only one place to the right, or multiply the drill's decimal diameter by 10 instead of 100. For example, a 3/4 inch drill's decimal diameter equals .750. Using the formula 7.5 inches per minute is the drill's feed rate. Or if you can use 600 RPM then increase the feed rate a corresponding amount to 15 inches per minute. The intent is to keep the chip load at the same 1.7 percent of drill diameter per flute.
Please note: p
It is assumed that the setup is rigid and the machine is beefy enough to work the size tool you have selected.
The materials successfully cut have been aluminum, brass, most steels and most stainless steels. This discussion is for standard 2 flute high speed steel and solid carbide drills. Thick web and parabolic flute drills have not yet been tested. A drill appears to have plenty of strength to machine through most drillable materials using this chip load idea. Kind of like using a sledge hammer to drive a tack, nail, or spike. It just doesn't feel anything different.
Peck drilling: C
Pecking a drill is usually done in a deep hole. A deep hole has been defined by most sources as a hole with a depth equaling three drill diameters or greater. With the accurate feed control inherent in machining centers the deep hole definition can comfortably be extended to include three and one half drill diameters.
We have had excellent results pecking after three and one half drill diameters with a peck depth equal to one half of the drill diameter. "
Pecking is kind of interesting. As the programmed feed rate is slowed down, with the spindle speed held at a constant RPM, the chip will begin to thin out. As the chip becomes thinner (like aluminum foil) it can pack the drill flutes prematurely and break the tool before the bottom of the peck is reached. On the other hand, if the feed rate is increased and the chip becomes much thicker, the thicker chip can over torque the drill and snap it. A good balance seems to be near this article's stated combination of chip load and peck depth. 7
The advantage is to the programmer who uses this feed and peck rate system. Now he can pick out any size drill and calculate the feed rate and the pecking cycle without having to guess and take the chance of tool breakage or machine at less than a productive rate. So go ahead. Try it. See what you think. >
Stan Dornfeld
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
Drill Point Geometry
====================
The drill point is the main factor to consider when trying to optimize drilling efficiency. Good point geometry can accurately locate a hole and allow productive feed rates without inducing excessive cutting edge wear.
Factor I
If a surveyors conical plumb bob, resting perfectly still, hanging from its plumb line was suddenly released from the instrument, the needle like point would penetrate the ground at precisely the place over which it had been hanging. If the plumb bob was well balanced and rotating on its axis at one thousand revolutions per minute the point would appear the same as if it were standing still. It would just be rotating. On release the point would strike same spot it did before. The only difference being its rotation. This is true because the sharp conical profile of the plumb bob appears the same from all positions about its axis. It appears as a sharp point. Y
A jobbers length drill has a chisel point. At one position about its axis the profile appears as a point, however at 90 degrees from this position the point profile appears as a horizontal straight line (just like a screwdriver). This spinning straight line causes the drill point to "walk" and penetrate the work at unpredictable locations.
So desirable drill point geometry for accurate hole location should include a profile which appears as a point from all angles about the drill axis. In other words, when a drill is rotated between the fingers the point profile should always show a sharp intersection on the drill axis.
Factor II
On close examination an airplane propeller has a varying twist angle along each blade. Near the hub the twist angle is most noticeable. As you proceed out toward the propeller tip the angle becomes very slight. The reason for this design is during each propeller revolution the airplane may travel four feet. For one revolution a point near the propeller tip gets to go many feet around the entire circumference of the circle to cut four feet of air. Because the propeller tip travels far slicing air, the angle can be slight. A point near the hub only travels a relatively short distance because its circle is much smaller. Since the hub needs to do the same amount of work for its revolution it is given a much greater angle or pitch so it can carve more air to make up the four feet. This blade geometry is used to equal out the forces along the blade and make the propeller more efficient. \
A drill works in much the same way, for it cuts material at a specific chip load. The proper relief or clearance angle at the end of the drill is very important. Too little clearance prevents the drill from penetrating the material for the selected chip load. Too much clearance weakens the drills cutting edge and effects premature edge wear. K
To show this relationship we can look at the drills helix angle while it drills. The helix angle is part of a triangle. The two essential legs of this triangle are the lead or penetration distance per one revolution and the path around the circumference of any particular point on the cutting edge as it makes that revolution.
Pi is approximately equal to 3.14. For the sake of discussion we can round this figure to just 3 making easy some calculations about various points along the cutting edge. The drill diameter multiplied by the value of Pi equals the distance around the drill. A one half inch drill then would have a one and one half inch circumference. A point one thirty second of an inch from the drill center would only travel three sixteenths of an inch around its circumference. We get this by multiplying the radius by two to get diameter and then again by Pi to equal circumference. This is one eighth of the distance of a point on the circumference. If the chip load per flute was eight thousandths of an inch per revolution we could figure these helix angles as the drill "screwed" its way into the work. Using some trigonometry and the arc tangent function, the function which changes the tangent value back into degrees, we can establish the two helix angles. At the drill's periphery the angle equals the arc tangent of sixteen thousandths of penetration (two flutes multiplied by the chip load) divided by one and one half inches. This angle would equal six tenths of one degree. Another helix angle, near the drill center approaches five degrees. The helix angle reaches NINETY degrees at the drill center. On approaching the drill center the angle becomes very severe very quickly. This condition is a unique property of the Tangent function. ~
To these helix angles we also must add proper relief for clearance. Relief angles of from four to six degrees depending on the material being cut added to the helix angle make up the total cutting lip clearance. The angle near the drill center is handled one of two ways. One, the drill may have a split point. The "split point drill" if done correctly has a sharp point ground at precisely the drills center for starting the hole on location and machining it on size. It also has a varying clearance angle increasing near the drill center for easy penetration. Or two, the drill may have a chisel point as on the jobber length drill. This chisel point mushes the material around until it is moved out from the drill center and picked up by the flutes. It is then evacuated up and out of the hole. The "chisel point drill" needs a center or spotting pre-drill to direct its location.
On drill point geometry then, a conical point precision ground on the drills axis allows the drill to machine a hole on size and with a good finish. If the drill point is running concentric with the spindle the hole will be created on location under the spindle axis.
One of my favorite CNC drills for all materials is the Cleveland "aircraft type C" drill list number 2130. I'm sure there are other drills which would perform well but I stopped looking after I found the one that worked. m
Stan Dornfeld
San Diego
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
The Square Inch Dealer
======================
A funny little man walked into my shop one day and introduced himself as 'The Square Inch Dealer'. "A Square Inch Dealer? What does a Square Inch Dealer do?" I asked. He told me he bought and sold unused square inches from shops who own machining centers and other computer controled milling machines. Needless to say I didn't quite understand but I thought I'd humor him a bit.
He asked me what the table travel was on my machine. I told him in the 'X' direction it was 30 inches and in the 'Y' we had 16 inches. He figured out the actual machining area was 480 square inches. He also said this area was the machines most important feature. For nothing really happens outside this area. He asked me how much the machine had cost. When I told him. He whistled and said "That's $200 per square inch. I am only allowed to spend $100 per unused square inch." "But that's okay." He said. "Lets go see what your machine is doing now." The two of us walked out on shop floor over where the machine was cutting one of our normal jobs.
I introduced Tom, our set-up man, to the dealer and we all watched the machining process for a moment. Finally the dealer asked Tom what tooling he used 80% of time. Tom thought and told us the usual set-up was two 6 inch vises separated by about 4 inches. The dealer reached for his calculator and started to push buttons. In less than a minute he said. "It looks like you are only using about 96 square inches!" Tom answered "Yes I guess so." The dealer looked at me and said "480 square inches minus 96 square inches leaves you 384 unused square inches, times $100 gives me the opportunity to offer you $38,400 for your unused square inches.
Would you be interested in selling them?" Questioned the dealer. What could I say? "Certainly I would!" "Then lets go into your office and make a deal." We started filling out papers. He was writing a check and I was about to sign a 'very special' form he had handed me. But when I started thinking about this whole rediculous process, I became nervous. This doesn't seem right I told him. "What do you do with all the unused square inches?"
He told me that smart owners buy them to add more cutting area to their machines for greater profit potential. This sounded good, but I needed more details and asked him to explain. He lead me down the path by telling me three things. o
(1) Fill the table with parts to cut down tool change time per piece, especially on non-tool change machines. _
(2) A table full of parts can run a long time, sometimes hours, without operator involvement.
(3) Often less total time is spent loading and unloading parts in 'tables full' rather than changing one or two parts at a time over the run.
I went into a 'fog' and started thinking. We could get a number of little vises, mount them to a subplate for our small pieces. Medium size vises for all the average size parts. Special tooling could be made for those repeat jobs, or hard to hold jobs. This tooling would be costly, but if we started with the most useful and universal set-up first we would be earning while other set-ups were being developed. My imagination was going wild when, startle, the Square Inch Dealer asked me if I wanted to sign the 'very special' paper.
He smiled when I said I thought I should keep these unused inches and find ways to use them. He was still smiling when he told me he could undoubtedly find a lot more unused square inches to buy from his 'suppliers', than he could sell to his customers. But now that I had come to understand how to use these inches, he thought in about 3 months I would be one of his growing number of customers.
We tore up the papers, he rose to shake my hand, and thanked me for my time. As he walked toward the door on his way out I watched him as he passed over the threshold. "Poof!" Much to my surprise he had dissapeared. s
"All in a days work." I thought as I turned to my desk and started making notes on how to use more square inches. ?
by Stan Dornfeld
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
What Feed Rate...?
==================
Manufacturers of cutting tools make charts and cardboard slide rules that are supposed to tell us what feeds and speeds to use when milling various materials. It appears most of this information is derived from lathe work and is rehashed for use on the milling machine. The cutting process of milling is about ten times more complex than turning. So I find this approach less than adequate.
The intermittent cutting, the various chip thickness as the tooth enters and leaves the work, the changing tool geometry created as the tool and the work both move together independently, the different manufacturers cutter geometries which may work marginally well in some materials and "Oh boy!" in others, and the cutter buried in the cut creating a "fire" the coolant has a tough time reaching are all factors which make milling feeds and speeds a difficult puzzle to solve.
The recommended milling speeds and feeds distributed by various sources are basically inconsistent; unless one data chart is a duplicate of another. I also think some of this data was documented when railroads were still using steam engines.
What's the answer? }
First of all, we are talking about end milling and drilling with standard high speed steel and solid carbide cutting tools.
Secondly, we are talking about what the tool itself can handle, not the setup or how husky the machine is. The setup should be rigid and the machine should be beefy enough to "work" the tool without causing noticeable vibration.
We can use the recommended surface cutting speeds for the different materials; but not without forethought. When figuring RPM stay on the light side if the cut is deep. Proper coolant flow may not be available to carry away the heat, so the tool will "give up" prematurely. Remember, the recommended cutting speed is used to determine the highest production RPM with the tool on the outside of the work and drowning in lots of coolant. ( Typical lathe application.) There is no slowest speed.
The RPM is figured by multiplying 4 times the Cutting Speed divided by the Tool Diameter. The 4 is approximately equal to 12" divided by 'Pi'. This is necessary so inches can be converted to feet and diameter to circumference. )
RPM = 4 x Cutting Speed / Tool Diameter
The Feed Rate in Inches per Minute of a rotating tool is figured by taking the Chip Load per Tooth, times the Number of Teeth in the cutter, times the spindle RPM. 9
Feed Rate = Chip Load per Tooth x Number of Teeth x RPM C
These two formulas have been around a long time; and they work in conjunction with each other. The RPM is easy to figure, you have the Cutting Speed and the Cutter Diameter. So with a little math, Presto! You can figure the Feed Rate because you know the RPM, Number of Teeth in the cutter and the Chip Load per Tooth. 7
Wait just a minute! What about Chip Load per Tooth ? 3
Chip load per tooth and accurate feed rates are what this article is all about. They have calculated the RPM Real well. But when it comes to feed rate they fall on their knees because their chip load is all over the map. If the chip load can't be determined then the feed rate will be just as illusive.
Premise one
Cutting tools of different diameters from the same manufacturer and of the same series have the same geometry and therefore look the same under various powers of magnification. An 1/8th inch end mill magnified 4 times looks just like a 1/2 inch end mill.
Premise two
A smooth piece of material doesn't look any different to a 1/16th inch diameter tool than it does to a 5/8 inch diameter tool. Therefore we can look at one tool diameter as being a percentage of another tool diameter.
So lets play the percentages.
There are three basic conditions in end milling. The slotting cut where 100% of the tool diameter is cutting and the trough left behind affords limited chip flow. The roughing cut where the tool is only using 70% of its diameter and has an open side for sufficient chip removal (70% is chosen to make the overlap at the right angle corners during successive side passes). And the finish cut which takes 3% of the tool diameter or less.
During slotting, the tool sees the highest cutting force as it is removing maximum material, therefore it works best at about 2/3rds the roughing cut feed rate. This important fact alone allows us to increase a pocket-clearing feed rate by 50% except for the initial slotting cut which would be programmed as usual. This makes a nice production increase when spiraling a pocket inside out; because we are not "locked" into the slower feed rate of the initial "slotting" cut.
A given end mill diameter has an optimum "metal-peeling" strength. The factors which try to overcome this strength include, material toughness, percentage of end mill diameter cutting, and depth of cut. Additional tool length reduces this strength a lot; so keep it stubby. Tool overhang is a cubic relationship ( ie. If the overhang is cut in half the rigidity increases eight times. ) so a little stubbier helps a lot. s
An end mill's Depth of Cut should be figured as a percentage of its diameter. Depth of Cut for all tool diameters will then be easy to figure. Tool depth for pocket clearing in brass and aluminum works well between 1/2 to 2/3rds of the end mill diameter. Steel is tougher so use 1/4 to 1/3 end mill diameter. This constraint is imposed by the initial "slotting" cut. V
Well here we are at chip load per tooth. So how do we figure it for different tools?
Empirically! Drive the tool, what ever size it is, to it's maximum comfortable productive limit ( Cruising speed ). Then write down this data: feed rate, number of teeth in the cutter, rpm, and tool diameter. (
We can now figure a Feed Index Number. 9
FIN = Tool Diameter x RPM x Number of Teeth / Feed Rate
Divide a different tool diameter by the Feed Index Number and we immediately have the Chip Load per Tooth for that tool. This assumes of course, we are working in the same material under similar cutting conditions. ,
Each of the three basic cuts has its own Index Number. The Slotting number is related to the Roughing number by a factor of 2/3rds; and the Finishing number can be adjusted to suit surface finish. The Feed Index Numbers we use for 6061 aluminum and 360 brass are: Slotting, 117; Roughing, 84; Finishing, 70. These numbers are quite productive; but still allow us to run a tool all night long and have finished parts when we come in the next morning. For slotting with a 1/16th inch (.0625) end mill we divide .0625 by 117 to yield a .00053 chip load per tooth. This times 2 teeth times 3000 rpm equals 3.2 inches per minute feed rate. For roughing use Index number 84 to reach a feed rate of 4.5 inches per minute. Roughing with a 1/2 inch end mill at 2000 rpm and 3 flutes we figure 36 inches per minute. "
The feed rate formula now reads: G
Feed Rate = RPM x Number of Teeth x Tool Diameter / Feed Index Number
This concept works for drilling too. You can eliminate the number of teeth from the formula if two flute drills are all you use. 3
FIN Drill = Tool Diameter x RPM / Feed Rate Drill
Feed Rate Drill = RPM x Tool Diameter / FIN Drill This approach allows you, as a specialist in your own shop, to develop feed rates based on the brands of cutting tools and types of material you work with.
Advantages of this system include: more productive feed rates with unfamiliar tool diameters, ease of programming actual feed rates, fewer broken tools, and realistic feed rates for quoting jobs. &
A corollary situation developed while drilling. We noticed in drilling aluminum and brass at our popular RPM of 3000, we could use the decimal size of the drill and multiply it by 100 to figure the feed rate in inches per minute. Therefore a 1/8th inch drill whose decimal diameter equals 0.125" would be programmed at a feed rate of 12.5 inches per minute. This also worked for drill diameters up and down the decimal chart. Naturally if the RPM of 3000 is to fast for the application then lower the feed rate in the same proportion as the RPM. 8
STAN DORNFELD 1989
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
The Drilling Cycle
==================
Two important factors in the drilling cycle contribute to premature drill wear. Absence of dwell at the bottom of a hole or peck and rapid traverse down to the exact bottom of a hole for succeeding pecks. +
The reaction time of CNC equipment is all but instantaneous. When a drill, feeding its way down into a hole reaches the bottom of the hole or the end of any peck it changes direction to 'Z' up. It also changes into rapid traverse. In other words the drill is literally snatched out of the hole.
Twist drill geometry incorporates right hand spiral flutes. The flutes intersect the cutting edge to form a positive back rake angle. Under feed a chip flows up the flute and therefore lays over the cutting edge. This overlay condition resists the retraction of the drill. Through this, resistance forces develop which work against the cutting edge trying to flake it away from the drill body. Drill geometry is designed to support the drill point under tremendous cutting pressure while spiralling down into the work. Yanking the working drill from the hole causes these forces to change direction on the cutting edge at an angle down and away from the drill body creating an effective high negative back rake. On retraction the drill shears the chip off using the fragile cutting edge. The result is either abnormal abrasion, chipping or breaking off the cutting edges. Also after leaving the hole a crested bump is left at the hole bottom because the drill point did not finish making the chip before retracting. If the returning drill is going in for another peck it could rapid to the bottom catching this bump and experience excessive cutting forces again chipping the cutting edges.
A fix for this problem is to program dwell enough to hold the 'Z' axis drill position for one to two spindle revolutions letting the chip thin out to zero. Retraction at this point would not damage the tool. This length of time at 3000 RPM would be approximately 0.02 seconds for one revolution. To figure this time increment divide the RPM into 60 seconds. Three hundred RPM would equal 0.2 seconds.
Shallow Holes
Most machining centers have several canned drill cycles which are used to drill holes. A G81 spotting or shallow hole drill cycle has no programmable dwell, although popular and okay for through holes it is not a good choice to use in blind holes. A G82 drill cycle has dwell that can be programmed, a good replacement for a G81 when used for drilling holes through or 3 1/2 to 4 drill diameters deep. In fact a G81 can be completely eliminated.
Deep Holes
Peck drilling is generally required when drilling holes deeper than three and one half drill diameters. Most canned pecking cycles allow for starting the feed rate just above the last peck to prevent the drill from hitting the hole bottom at rapid traverse rate. The difficulty is that no dwell is available at any peck bottom except the last. So no effective method exists to prevent the chip breaking action from causing severe tool damage. Some people think this tool damage comes from heavy feed rate. Light feed rates are then programmed to solve a problem which should not exist in the first place. The net result is lower productivity.
A New Subroutine K
A temporary work-around is to build a special pecking cycle. The pecking cycle would incorporate a dwell at the end of each peck of a time length sufficient to allow one or two drill revolutions. Another approach would be to change the drill feed to up or Z plus for a few 'thousandths' to allow the chip to thin out at the end of the peck just before retraction. This approach would not be a dwell but a feed reversal and would thin the chip and also position the drill away from the hole bottom to prevent work hardening the material. The permanent fix is to talk the machine tool builders into creating drill pecking cycles in their controls which could provide programmable dwell or feed reversal between every peck. This enhancement would allow drilling to proceed at the best feed rate and production could go up across the board. 1
Stan Dornfeld
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
The Slitting Saw and the Woodruff Cutter
========================================
Slitting saws and Woodruff cutters work in much the same way; so we can just call them saws for now. Saws have one big difficulty. After we understand that difficulty we will solve it and increase their performance. First a little background. d
After you dig a hole in the ground to fix a water pipe you need to put the dirt back. However all the dirt wont go back because it doesn't fit anymore. The dirt has been "upset". That is, all the little grains of soil and pebbles are no longer nestled together in a compact form. This upset condition also happens in metal during the cutting process.
Upsetting the metal increases its volume. So the metal in a chip that is cut from a bar takes up more space after it has been cut. I
Parting off steel in a lathe using a slender "part off" tool creates a long slender upset chip. This chips volume is greater than when it was compact material in the parent metal. And greater also are its dimensions. The chip is longer, thicker and wider. The wider condition is what causes the problem. The kerf or groove being cut has a width as wide as the part off tool. During the cut, the emerging chip is actually wider than the groove being formed. So the chip is in the groove under a "press fit" condition. As the bar is rotated the press fit chip is being forced down against the cutting tool. The tool has to support the pressure of the downward cut in addition to the downward force created by the emerging chip. The deeper into the bar the tool cuts the greater these forces multiply; because the chip grows longer before exiting the groove. The tool will break during this process unless the cut is shallow or the feed rate is very light. A light feed rate will create a very thin "ribbon" like chip with light forces; but this takes a much longer time to do the work. O
The difference between a part off tool and a slitting saw is a slitting saw has many "part off tools" or teeth around its axis. Manufactures of these saws make them with tooth forms which have flat ends on the teeth like a part off tool. These teeth then cut a chip which is as wide as the slot just like the lathe tool and with the same problems of high destructive forces caused by the "press fit" chip being formed. Unlike the lathe tool the saw has many teeth. So if one tooth misses cutting something the tooth coming right behind it can scoop up the remainder. Now to the "fix".
A double cut saw blade has chamfers on alternate teeth. These chamfers on one corner of the tooth are made by grinding away one third of the tooth on the left side of the first tooth and then on the right side of the next tooth and so on. This grinding is done on each tooth at a 45 degree angle. Now when the saw cuts, it cuts a chip on the left and then a chip on the right. These chips are only two thirds as wide as the slot. The following tooth has its chamfer on the other side and so it picks up the remainder of what the first tooth left. The forming chip isn't wide enough to rub both sides of the slot so the slitting saw can cut very freely and take a heavier chip load. Higher production can then be the result. ^
Stan Dornfeld
San Diego
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
Thread Milling
==============
The "HOT" setup
Here at DORNFELD we manufacture miniature microwave and medical parts. Threaded holes in these pieces seem to always want to be tapped as deep as they are drilled, creating much frustration. Here is how thread milling has helped us.
Situation 1.
Most thread cutting taps force the chips deeper into the hole where they gather to stop the tap short of the desired depth. It then becomes necessary to pick the chips out of the hole and then "bottom" tap to full depth. ( A lot of work.) Thread forming taps work better but there is always that nagging feeling the depth won't repeat ( touching the bottom ); or the tapping oil will break down and the tap will snap. The forming process doesn't seem to produce a consistent enough thread form for electrical continuity; also sometimes the raised portion of the shape has broken off in chips, both of which drive my microwave customer nuts. The edict now is cut threads.
The thread milling process if done in a climb cut fashion generates a very good surface finish leaving practically no burr, even at the bottom where the cutting tap has to stop and back out leaving a "stop cut". E
To thread mill the cutter is spinning near recommended surface speed and is then fed almost to the bottom of the minor diameter hole. It is then fed out sideways to the desired major diameter. The milling proceeds in a one revolution counter clockwise direction and at the same time feeding out of the hole the distance of one lead ( a helical motion ). The cutter returns to hole center and then is retracted leaving a finished thread. Since thread milling is a milling process it doesn't require the use of any special lubricants or "Wonder Juices" to enhance thread quality.
Situation 2 ,
The customer says he wants the tapped holes plated; so just make them a couple of thousandths oversize. ( Easy for him to say. ) Thread milling gives you the freedom to increase the thread diameter without buying special taps. When reentering the threaded hole cross threading becomes no problem.
Situation 3
A thread mill can create a thread in a hole that has an irregular surface condition ( ie. Half a hole boss ) either on entering or exiting through a piece. A programmer can choose where around the hole he wants the lead to enter or exit. In a situation like this we revolved the thread exit around to a thicker section to prevent the razor thin lead out. This saved much deburr time.
Situation 4
Need a large tapped hole in a part? Use a thread mill. You don't need to buy the big tap or the handle to turn it. With the thread mill it becomes just another milling routine that saves a lot of extra handling.
Situation 5
External threads are normally chased or single pointed in a lathe. If an external thread appears on a milled piece it can easily be machined by the use of a thread mill at the same time other operations are performed.
Situation 6
If after the first effort of thread milling the hole depth is shallow. It will become necessary to rotate the milled pattern at an angle coinciding with the lead at a different depth. Otherwise double cut threads will be the result; unless the depth is changed a full lead.
Situation 7
Right hand, left hand, inside threads, outside threads, and multiple lead threads can all be cut with the same tool. Note however multiple lead threads have finer pitches therefore smaller flats on the root and crest are needed for proper thread form. 2
Stan Dornfeld
ENTER
Other
Cutting
Files
More Off Your Existing CNC
==========================
It's quicker to drill 30 holes in one part than to drill one hole in 30 parts. (
So what? What does this concept mean?
It means, that if you can somehow make a number of parts look like one part; then you can machine this arrangement of parts in a more timely manner.
How does this work?
Machining centers are able to machine work anywhere over the useable table area*. If a number of parts are held in a fixture, the fixture becomes one part with a lot of the same details (pieces) to be machined.
A table full of parts can run a long time allowing the machinist to promote other work thereby doubling his efforts. Lunch time and after hours time can also be productive by letting a load of parts machine unattended.
Tool change time per part then becomes chip to chip time divided by the number of pieces in the fixture. This is true because the selected tool will process all the pieces before it is changed.
Loading time per part is greatly reduced when loading a whole fixture as opposed to loading one part and then machining it.
If we look down at the table from the spindle we see the parts held in a matrix. This matrix is divided into two area groups. One group is the area which makes up the total parts area. This equals the sum of all the work piece areas. The other is the fixture area. The sum of the fixture areas which surround or are between each part (like grout between individual tiles on a kitchen sink top). The main secret is to lessen the percentage of area occupied by the fixture (reduce the grout between tiles). This is known as compact part loading. You don't earn money machining over the tops of fixtures; so figure out ways to effectively limit the percentage of fixture area exposed to the cutter. UNIFORCE CLAMPS can greatly enhance compact part loading by reducing clamping and fixture area leaving additional capacity to position more pieces.
Use UNIFORCE CLAMPS or other applicable MITEE-BITE clamping ideas for compact part loading and increase production for higher profits and smoothness of throughput.
* Since under the cutter is where the work is done a fixture can extend beyond the effective table travel limit (generally in the "X" direction) and still hold parts to be machined within the limit. Sometimes machining has to be done only on one end of a work piece. In this example most of the piece can be fixtured outside the cutting range with the area to be machined resting inside. Put the indexing head outside table travel range. This allows more travel for machining and also protects the head from harm. 6
Stan Dornfeld
ENTER
Cutting
Files
The Cutting Edge!
=================
'The Cutting Edge' is a collection of documents that were found to be very informative. These writtings are used by permission of their author and by the discretion of the author of the Mr. Machinist program.
If you would like to submit an informative document that you think would help a machinist to better understand the 'ways' of manufacturing then send them in or upload them to the Mr. Machinist BBS! `
You are giving the author permission to use your writtings in this program by your submission. W
Keep an eye out for your writtings within the help file of the Mr. Machinist program!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
New Versions for Registered Users
=================================
The Mr. Machinist Program releases a new version about once every two weeks. New features are continually added and if any bugs are reported or found they are fixed in these up-grades. q
Registered User need to send $5.00 for shipping and handling in order to receive the latest REGISTERED version.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Viewing Help
============
Ctrl-F1 = MRMSOLVE.TXT (Answers)
Ctrl-F4 = MRMDRILL.TXT (Drill Speeds/Feeds)
Ctrl-F8 = MRMBOLT.TXT (Bolt Circle Coordinates)
F3 = Edit/View Any File on Disk.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
INDEX
*****
Abs.
Value
Number | Acute
Angle
Alloy | Analytical
Geometry
Angle | Anvil
Ammeter | Arc
Cosine
Sine | Arc
Tangent
Archimedes | Boiler
Boole,
George | Brazing
Brake | Broaching
CAD/CAM | Calibration
Screw
Clearances | Cartesian
Coordinates
Casting | Change
Default
Directory
Chord | Clear
CNC's
memory!
Climb
Milling | CNC
Computer
Numerical
Control
Drill
Speed/Feed | CNC
Split
Large
Suitability | Condenser
Congruent
Figures | Conic
Conjugate
Angles | Constant
Conventional
Milling | Coordinates
Coplanar | Cosecant
Angle
Crane | Cusp
Customization! | Cutting
Speeds
Feeds
Cycloid | Decagon
Decimal
Chart | Density
Descartes,
Rene | Die
Digit | Digital
programmable,
logic
controllers
Distance
Between
Points | Distributive
Algebra
Dowel | Editor
Editor
Help | Ellipse
E.D.M. | Epicycloid
Equiangular
Hyperbola | Equiangular
Spiral
Escrib
Triangle | Evaporator
Exponent | Extrusion
press
Fastener | Fixture
Flask | Foot
Pound
Forging
press | G
codes
Gauge | Grinder
Helix | Hexagon
Hoist | Horsepower
Hydraulic | Hypocycloid
Hypotenuse | Inscribed
Circle
Integer | Interpolate
Involute | Jig
Jointer | Journeyman
Lathe | M.D.I.
Mean | Metallurgy
Micrometer | Milling
Keyways
Milling
Machine | Molten
Number
Insertion | N
Sequence
Numbers
coded
files
Number
Removal | Oblique
Triangle
Obtuse
Angle | Octagon
Open
Edit | Oscilloscope
Parallelogram | Pentagon
Planer | Plumb
(Plumb
line)
Polar
Coordinates | Polygon
Polyhedron | Portion
Cylinder
Power
Threader | Pneumatic
Prototype | Protractor
Pythagoras's
Theorem | Quadrant
Quadrilateral | Radian
RAM | Resize
Windows
Rigging | Right
Triangle
Rigid
Tapping | Robotics
Router | Scalene
Triangle
Schematic
drawings | Scriber
Shaper | Soldering
Spherical
Sector | Square
Steam
Turbines | Subtend
Symmetry | Tangent
Tapping
Speeds
Feeds | Three
Points
Circle
Torus | Trapezium
Vise
Information | Voltmeter
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Printing Help
=============
F8 = Print File Being Edited
F9 = Print Registration Invoice
Ctrl-F6 = Print MRMDRILL.TXT
Ctrl-F9 = Print MRMBOLT.TXT
Ctrl-P = Print MRMSOLVE.TXT
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
*** Updates ***
==========
Version 1.10 - 06-18-94
=========================
Now you MUST have two files to execute the Mr. Machinist program. MRM.EXE and MRM.OVR!!! You can execute the program without the help file but you will see an error message each time you try to get help. t
Keep in mind that the Mr. Machinist program is HIGHLY customizable for your company! If there are certain formulas that you find your company using all the time and you see that no other program in your shop can do it 'the short way' then you need customization! If the customization is not to complex then there will be no extra charge added to your registration fee.
If your customization is a little more involved then you need to send us ALL information with an example of the use of your requested formula and the author will get in touch with you about the situation. m
You must be a registered user of the Mr. Machinist program if you are thinking of customizing your program!
Stay in touch and keep in mind that Mr. Machinist is a program that will continually develop as long as it's users give input and suggestions and most of all register their shareware.
New things in 1.07 and above are the addition of more file manipulation routines in the Sequence/Un-Sequence 'G' code file function. Sequenced 'N' numbers are now in 4 decimal place form. You have the option to sequence an un-sequenced 'G' code file and have it created with spaces or no spaces between the 'words'. You also have the option to seq/un-seq files and leave the file as it was in it's 'source'. See the help file for more information on the sequence/un-sequence functions. L
The main reason for the 1.08 update was due to a change of author address. )
Mr. Machinist 1.10
==================
Added math functions to all input lines that may require math. If you wanted to input a radius but only had the diameter then you would input the diameter/2.
Examples
==============================
2.25/2 = (1.12500)
pi*2 = (6.28318)
(3*4)/(1.5+.5) = (6.00000)
Also added 'The Cutting Edge' information files into the help file. These files are very informative and we suggest you take a look at them. _
Always read this portion of your help file to see the changes in new versions and new news!!!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Bug Report
==========
Upon each new version release there will be a bug report of the last version.
Bugs in 1.04: W
1) Chip load input line would not take 4 decimal place input
without locking up.
2) Sequence and Un-Sequence functions would lock-up.
Always view the 'Read-me' and 'Bugs' screens from the main help file page upon receiving each new version!!!
1.05:
Number of Teeth on cutter and Inches Per Minute were always
outputting a zero in the millfeed answer function.
1.06:
1.07:
1.08:
1.09: System would lock-up if a user input straight line data into
the 3 points on a circle function function, this was fixed in
1.09.
1.10: A few versions of 1.09 contain a bug in the editor. When you
strike 'Ctrl-Y' in order to delete a whole line of text, the
bug would cause the program to exit to DOS.
A bug was found in the Mill feed answer box. The IPM, inches per
minute, function rounded off to the nearest whole number. Now it
is a 2 decimal place number. This was fixed in the 8/31/94 version
of 1.10.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Customization
=============
Keep in mind that the Mr. Machinist program is HIGHLY customizable for your company! If there are certain formulas that you find your company using all the time and you see that no other program in your shop can do it 'the short way' then you need customization! If the customization is not to complex then there will be no extra charge added to your registration fee.
If your customization is a little more involved then you need to send us ALL information with an example of the use of your requested formula and the author will get in touch with you about the situation. m
You must be a registered user of the Mr. Machinist program if you are thinking of customizing your program!
Stay in touch and keep in mind that Mr. Machinist is a program that will continually develop as long as it's users give input and suggestions and most of all register their shareware.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Open a file to edit
===================
This will open a file selection dialog box that will display all the files in your current directory. At the top is an input line under the 'Name' designation. You may type in the file name of your choice and then strike 'Enter'. You do have the option of using wild card characters. If you do not know the name of the file you want to edit or the file is in another directory then you have two choices in the method of retrieval.
1) From the file menu select, 'Change Dir'. A directory selection box will appear and you can use the key board or the mouse to highlight your choice, then strike enter or double click with the mouse to get to that directory. Then the 'Change Dir' box will display the files and sub-directories of that particular choice. At that point you can highlight the file name of your choice and strike 'Enter' or double click.
2) If you do not know the name of the file you want to edit then you will have to search for it. If you remember the first few characters of the file name, you could use wild cards to cause the selection box to display only those files that meet your criteria.
Example: RA??.* will show you all files that start with RA and have one or two characters after it and any extension or no extension.
RAT.TXT RA.DOC RA RA55
help?
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
More Help on 'Open a File to Edit'
==================================
If you type a file name in the input line that does not exist and then strike 'Enter', the editor will create and open an empty file for you by that name. You will notice a down arrow symbol to the right of the input line, this is a history list, a list of names you have already used. You have the option to choose file names from it by highlighting the file and striking enter or double clicking it with your mouse. T
Choosing the 'Open' box will load the file you have chosen into a new edit window. {
The file list box is the largest box of the file selection dialog box. This box will show you every file that matches up to your specifications in the input line above it. It will also display the child and parent directories of the current directory. (You can further your understanding of the principles of directories and sub-directories by referring to your DOS manual.)
There are some helpful functions you can use while your in the file list box. One way to get into the file list box is to strike 'Enter' after you have chosen 'Open' from the 'File' menu. Another way is to click on any file name in the box with your mouse. Your 'Tab' key on the key board will cycle you through the many choices of your file selection box in one direction, while holding down the 'Shift' key and then striking 'Tab' will cycle you through in the other direction. The Page Up and Down keys will let you view more files if there are more than can fit in one windows view port. The arrow keys will cycle you through individually.
When your in the file list box you can also type a lower case letter to search for a file name that starts with that letter. If you type a second letter, it will search for the file name with the first letter you typed and the second letter you typed. You can continue this for all file letters or number characters. If you type a capital letter you will search for a directory name in the same manner.
At the bottom of the file dialog box is an information panel. This will tell you all of the information of the file that is currently highlighted. 0
For more information, see Editor in the index.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Print Dialog Box
================
This will open a file selection dialog box that will display all the files in your current directory. At the top is an input line under the 'Name' designation. You may type in the file name of your choice and then strike 'Enter'. You do have the option of using wild card characters. If you do not know the name of the file you want to print or the file is in another directory then you have two choices in the method of retrieval.
1) From the file menu select, 'Change Dir'. A directory selection box will appear and you can use the key board or the mouse to highlight your choice, then strike enter or double click with the mouse to get to that directory. Then the 'Change Dir' box will display the files and sub-directories of that particular choice. At that point you can highlight the file name of your choice and strike 'Enter' or double click to print that particular file.
2) If you do not know the name of the file you want to print then you will have to search for it. If you remember the first few characters of the file name, you could use wild cards to cause the selection box to display only those files that meet your criteria.
Example: RA??.* will show you all files that start with RA and have one or two characters after it and any extension or no extension.
RAT.TXT RA.DOC RA RA55
If you type a file name in the input line that does not exist and then strike 'Enter', an error will occur and you will be told that there is no such file in that path, by that name. You will notice a down arrow symbol to the right of the input line, this is a history list, a list of names you have already used. You have the option to choose file names from it by highlighting the file and striking enter or double clicking it with your mouse. >
Choosing the 'Open' box will print the file you have chosen. {
The file list box is the largest box of the file selection dialog box. This box will show you every file that matches up to your specifications in the input line above it. It will also display the child and parent directories of the current directory. (You can further your understanding of the principles of directories and sub-directories by referring to your DOS manual.)
There are some helpful functions you can use while your in the file list box. One way to get into the file list box is to strike 'Enter' after you have chosen 'Open' from the 'File' menu. Another way is to click on any file name in the box with your mouse. Your 'Tab' key on the key board will cycle you through the many choices of your file selection box in one direction, while holding down the 'Shift' key and then striking 'Tab' will cycle you through in the other direction. The Page Up and Down keys will let you view more files if there are more than can fit in one windows view port. The arrow keys will cycle you through individually.
When your in the file list box you can also type a lower case letter to search for a file name that starts with that letter. If you type a second letter, it will search for the file name with the first letter you typed and the second letter you typed. You can continue this for all file letters or number characters. If you type a capital letter you will search for a directory name in the same manner.
At the bottom of the file dialog box is an information panel. This will tell you all of the information of the file that is currently highlighted.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Threads
=======
This menu choice will give you functions that have to do with threads.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Compound Rest Travel
====================
Input the Pitch of the thread your working with. (One divided by the threads per inch) u
Also input the angle that the compound rest will be set to or the thread cut angle. ( These are one and the same. )
NOTES
=====
When you are using a lathe to cut Sharp V Threads you need to know how much travel the compound rest must move to equal a specific straight line distance.
Some facts
==========
Thread depth is always specified prependicular to the thread axis. @
The compound rest always moves at an angle to the thread axis. 9
All threads have a specific depth for a Sharp V thread:
.86603 x Thread Pitch
All threads are cut at an angle between 28 degrees and 31 degrees.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Change Directory
================
From the 'File' menu select, 'Change Dir'. The 'Change Directory' box will appear and you can use the key board or double click the mouse to highlight your choice, then strike 'Enter' or double click to enter that directory into the input line. At that point you can click the mouse on the 'OK' button or strike 'K' to make the choice valid and make this directory the default one. If you choose the 'Chdir' button you will make the input lines directory your choice also but it will not continue to be the default.
Your 'Tab' key on the key board will cycle you through the many choices of the 'Change Directory' box in one direction, while holding down the 'Shift' key and then striking 'Tab' will cycle you through in the other direction. The Page Up and Down keys will let you view more directories in the directory tree list box if there are more than can fit in one windows view port. The arrow keys will cycle you through individually.
If you type a directory name in the input line that does not exist and then strike 'Enter', or click on 'OK' you will get an error message that says, "Invalid drive or directory".
You will notice a down arrow symbol to the right of the input line, this is a history list, a list of directories that you have already used. You have the option to choose from it by highlighting the directory and striking 'Enter' or double clicking it. P
Choosing the 'Revert' button makes your previous choice the current directory.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS AND TAP DRILL SIZES
80 = .0135
79 = .0145
1/64 = .0156
78 = .0160
77 = .0180
76 = .0200
75 = .0210
74 = .0225
73 = .0240
72 = .0250
71 = .0260
70 = .0280
69 = .0292
68 = .0310
1/32 = .0312
67 = .0320
66 = .0330
65 = .0350
64 = .0360
63 = .0370
62 = .0380
61 = .0390
60 = .0400
59 = .0410
58 = .0420
57 = .0430
56 = .0465
3/64 = .0469 0-80
55 = .0520
54 = .0550
53 = .0595 1-64,72
1/16 = .0625
52 = .0635
51 = .0670
50 = .0700 2-56,64
49 = .0730
48 = .0760
5/64 = .0781
47 = .0785 3-48
46 = .0810 3-56
45 = .0820
44 = .0860
43 = .0890 4-40
42 = .0935 4-48
3/32 = .0938
41 = .0960
40 = .0980
39 = .0995
38 = .1015 5-40
37 = .1040 5-44
36 = .1065 6-32
7/64 = .1094
35 = .1100
34 = .1110
33 = .1130 6-40
32 = .1160
31 = .1200
1/8 = .1250
30 = .1285
29 = .1360(8-32,36)
28 = .1405
9/64 = .1406
27 = .1440
26 = .1470(10-24)
25 = .1495
24 = .1520
23 = .1540
5/32 = .1562
22 = .1570
21 = .1590(10-32)
20 = .1610
19 = .1660
18 = .1695
11/64 = .1719
17 = .1730
16 = .1770(12-24)
15 = .1800(12-28)
14 = .1820
13 = .1850
3/16 = .1875
12 = .1890
11 = .1910
10 = .1935
9 = .1960
8 = .1990
7 = .2010(1/4-20)
13/64 = .2031
6 = .2040
5 = .2055
4 = .2090
3 = .2130(1/4-28)
2 = .2210
1 = .2280
A = .2340
15/64 = .2344
B = .2380
C = .2420
D = .2460
1/4-E = .2500
F = .2570(5/16-18)
G = .2610
17/64 = .2656
H = .2660
I = .2720(5/16-24)
J = .2770
K = .2810
9/32 = .2812
L = .2900
M = .2950
19/64 = .2969
N = .3020
5/16 = .3125(3/8-16)
O = .3160
P = .3230
21/64 = .3281
Q = .3320(3/8-24)
R = .3390
11/32 = .3438
S = .3480
T = .3580
23/64 = .3594
U = .3680(7/16-14)
3/8 = .3750
V = .3770
W = .3860
25/64 = .3906(7/16-20)
X = .3970
Y = .4040
13/32 = .4062
Z = .4130
27/64 = .4219(1/2-13)
7/16 = .4375
29/64 = .4531(1/2-20)
15/32 = .4688
31/64 = .4844(9/16-12)
1/2 = .5000
33/64 = .5156(9/16-18)
17/32 = .5312(5/8-11)
35/64 = .5469
9/16 = .5625
37/64 = .5781(5/8-18)
19/32 = .5938
39/64 = .6094
5/8 = .6250
41/64 = .6406
21/32 = .6562(3/4-10)
43/64 = .6719
11/16 = .6875(3/4-16)
45/64 = .7031
23/32 = .7188
47/64 = .7344
3/4 = .7500
49/64 = .7656(7/8-9)
25/32 = .7812
51/64 = .7969
13/16 = .8125(7/8-14)
53/64 = .8281
27/32 = .8438
55/64 = .8594
7/8 = .8750(1-8)
57/64 = .8906
29/32 = .9062
59/64 = .9219(1-12)
15/16 = .9375
61/64 = .9531
31/32 = .9688
63/64 = .9844
1 =1.0000
1 3/64 =1.0469(1/8-12)
1 7/64 =1.1094(1/4-7)
1 /8 =1.1250
1 11/64 =1.1719(1/4-12)
1 7/32 =1.2188(1 3/8-6)
1 /4 =1.2500
1 19/64 =1.2969(1 3/8-2)
1 11/32 =1.3438(1/2-6)
1 3/8 =1.3750
1 27/64 =1.4219(1/2-12)
1 /2 =1.5000
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Tap Speeds and Feeds
====================
This menu function in Mr. Machinist will give you the speed and feed of a tap used in a CNC machine that utilizes ridgid tapping. High speed tapping is used widely in the machining industry and it is used with high accuracy. A hole can be bottom tapped within 0.0010 using ridgid tapping. r
Simply input the tap size and you will be given the speeds and feeds for the three main categories of materials. n
Acceptable tap sizes
====================
4-40, 5-40, 6-32, 8-32, 10-24, 10-32, 12-24
1/4-20, 1/4-28, 5/16-18, 5/16-24, 3/8-16
3/8-24, 7/16-14, 7/16-20, 1/2-13, 1/2-20
These are some general speeds and feeds for tapping. This information is general and you can differ from these given speeds and feeds. If you are tapping with a machine that can ridgid tap you can increase the speeds and feeds. Rigid tapping is an excellent method of tapping that can be very accurate. You may also want to multiply your feed by .9 for spring loaded taps to achieve some 'give' in the synchronization of the spindle speed and the machine feed. @
S = Speed F = Feed T = Threads Per Inch.
================================================
T = S / F S = TPI x F = S / TPI
================================================
3.82
R.P.M. = S.F.P.M. x -----
O.D.
================================================
Material Feet Per Minute Lubrication
======== =============== ===========
Alum. 90 - 100 Kerosene & Lard Oil
Mach. 40 - 60 Compound, Sulfur-base
or Kerosene & Paraffin
Tool 25 - 35 Sulfur-base or Kerosene
and Lard.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Speed and Feed information not entered yet!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Conversions
***********
1) Millimeters to Inches
2) Inches to Millimeters
3) Degrees in Decimal to D.M.S.
4) Degrees in D.M.S. to Decimal
5) Celsius to Fahrenheit
6) Fahrenheit to Celsius
Use your up and down arrow keys to choose the conversion you would like, then strike the 'Tab' key to move into the input line. Enter the number that you would like to convert and then strike 'Enter'. I
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds input
**********************************
Input the Degrees to the left of the decimal place and minutes two places to the right of the decimal place, and the seconds after the minutes, (two places also). v
INPUT EXAMPLE: 45.5434 = 45 Degrees
54 Minutes
34 Seconds
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
G and M codes
=============
G code = Preparatory Word.
M code = Miscellaneous Function.
G code is a G with two or more digits after it. This code is placed at the beginning of a block and sometimes after an N sequence number. This code prepares the CNC computer system to act a certain way for the remainder of a block of given code.
M code is a miscellaneous function. They cause the CNC machine to act a certain way upon a given command. As an Example, the M6 code is the tool change function, where as the M3 code is the spindle on clockwise function. /
============================================= U
Not all G and M codes are the same. Listed below are some 'generic' G and M codes.
CNC G Codes:
G00 = Rapid Traverse
G01 = Linear Interpolation
G02 = Circular Interpolation, clockwise
G03 = Circular Interpolation, counterclockwise
G04 = Dwell
G06 = Parabolic interpolation
G08 = Auto. Acceleration
G09 = Auto. Deceleration
| = Axis Selection
G17 = X and Y Plane Selection
G18 = X and Z Plane Selection
G19 = Y and Z Plane Selection
G33 = Thread Cutting Constant Lead
G34 = Thread Cutting Increasing Lead
G35 = Thread Cutting Decreasing Lead
G40 = Cancel Cutter Comp.
G41 = Cutter Comp. Left
G42 = Cutter Comp. Rt.
G43 = Cutter Offset-Inside Corner
G44 = Cutter Offset-Outside Corner
G70 = Programming in Inches
G71 = Programming in Millimeters
G72 = Circular Interp. Clockwise (3 Dimensional)
G73 = Circular Interp. CounterC. (3 Dimensional)
G74 = Cancel Multiquadrant Circ. Interp.
G75 = Multiquadrant Circ. Interp.
G80 = Canned Cycle Cancel
G81 = Drilling Cycle
G82 = Drill and Dwell Cycle
G83 = Peck Drilling Cycle
G84 = Tapping Cycle
G85 = Boring Cycle(Rotating Spindle Retract)
G86 = Boring Cycle(Rapid Retract)
G87 = Boring Cycle(Manual Retract)
G88 = Boring Cycle(Dwell and Manual Retract)
G89 = Boring Cycle(Dwell and Feed Retract)
G90 = Absolute Programming
G91 = Incremental Programming
G92 = Preload of Registers
G93 = Inverse Time Feedrate.
G94 = Inches or Millimeters Per Minute Feed
G95 = Inches of Millimeters Per Rev. Feed
G96 = Constant Surface Speed
G97 = Rev. Per Minute
G100 = Punch Out and Go Home!!!
CNC M Codes:
M00 = Auto. Program Stop
M01 = Optional Program Stop
M02 = End of Program / Rewind Tape
M03 = Spindle Clockwise
M04 = Spindle CounterC.
M05 = Spindle Stop
M06 = Change Tool
M07 = Flood Coolant On
M08 = Mist Coolant On
M09 = Coolant Off
M10 = Clamping of Machine Slides
M11 = Unclamping of Slides
M12 = Multiple Axis Sync.
M13 = Clockwise Spindle/Coolant On
M14 = Cclockwise Spindle/Coolant On
M15 = Rapid in + Direction
M16 = Rapid in - Direction
M19 = Spindle Stop and Orient
M30 = Switch to 2nd Tape reader or End Program
M31 = Interlock Bypass
| = Gear Changes
M47 = Continue Program Execution
M48 = Cancel M49
M49 = Deactivate Manual Overrides
M58 = Cancel M59
M59 = RPM Constant
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Socket Head Cap Screw Clearance
(Normal Fit)
S.H.C.S. DRILL C/BORE C/SINK
-------- ----- ------ ------
(0) .0600 .0730 1/8 .074
(1) .0730 .0890 5/32 .087
(2) .0860 .1060 3/16 .102
(3) .0990 .1200 7/32 .115
(4) .1120 .1360 7/32 .130
(5) .1250 .1540 1/4 .145
(6) .1380 .1700 9/32 .158
(8) .1640 .1940 5/16 .188
(10).1900 .2210 3/8 .218
.2500 .2810 7/16 .278
.3125 .3440 17/32 .346
.3750 .4060 5/8 .415
.4375 .4690 23/32 .483
.5000 .5310 13/16 .552
.6250 .6560 1 .689
.7500 .7810 1 3/16 .828
.8750 .9060 1 3/8 .963
1.0000 1.0310 1 5/8 1.100
1.2500 1.3120 2 1.3700
1.7500 1.8120 2 3/4 1.9100
2.0000 2.0620 3 1/8 2.1800
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Milling Keyways (Vertical Mill)
================================
Use a two flute center cutting end mill and program to plunge using the Z and one other axis. A two flute carbide endmill does well in small shaft keyways. After plunging to depth with the finish endmill, travel back to your starting point and then go up one side and down the other taking as little stock as necessary.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Oblique Triangle
A triangle in which no interior angle is equal to 90 degrees. +
There are two types of Oblique triangles: i
A) Obtuse = Has one angle greater than 90 Degrees.
B) Acute = All angles are less than 90 Degrees.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Oblique Triangle Error!
=======================
Sorry for your input error but you must input either two angles only or three pieces of information. Your input must also be in numerical format. _
If you input 2 Angles only then your output will be all three angles and no side information.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Right Triangle
A triangle with a 90 degree angle in it. With two known pieces of information, the solution to all other sides and angles can be obtained as long as one of those pieces of information is a side of the triangle. The three angles added up must equal 180 degrees. :
When you hold down the 'Alt' key and strike the 'T', the Trig. screen will appear. The best way to cycle through the input lines is to strike 'Enter'. If you happen to put the maximum amount of digits (12) into the input line then you will be automatically cycled into the next input line. When you have your two pieces of information entered you may then hold down the 'Alt' key and strike 'O' for OK or you may strike 'Enter' until you have reached the OK button and then strike 'Enter'. You may also use the up and down arrows to move up and down the dialog box.
The 'Tab' key cycles you through the dialog box in one direction. If you hold down the 'Shift' key and then strike 'Tab' you will cycle through the dialog box in the other direction. Y
The Perpendicular Line calculation that is given in the answer box is the distance of the line that extends from the intersection of the side opposite and the side adjacent perpendicular to the hypotenuse. This distance is sometimes needed when a milling machinist must put a part up on an angle in a vise in order to machine a chamfer on it. '
Theorem of Pythagoras:
Where c = Length of hypotenuse,
a and b = the other sides.
Formula
=======
->A
(A = The acute angle.)
b
a Side Opposite
Sin A = - = -------------
c Hypotenuse
b Side Adjacent
Cos A = - = -------------
c Hypotenuse
a Side Opposite
Tan A = - = -------------
b Side Adjacent
b Side Adjacent
Cot A = - = -------------
a Side Opposite
c Hypotenuse
Sec A = - = -------------
b Side Adjacent
c Hypotenuse
Csc A = - = -------------
a Side Opposite
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Radius input ERROR!
*******************
When you know just the height and the angle of a circular segment you can not find the chord. You must know either the height and radius or the radius and the angle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Number input only!
******************
Only numbers can be input into formula fields. You will also get this error if you left a needed field blank. Strike the F1 key for help while your in the dialog box if you need further information.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cutting Speeds and Feeds Input Help
===================================
Determine the Feet Per Minute from the chart on the left and input the data into the cutting speed input line. Insert the chip load data by referring to the bottom of the chart on the left. Keep in mind that these are very general speeds and feeds. Start slow and work your way up.
The three main factors that determine the rate of metal removal are cutting speed, feedrate and depth of cut. First, take into consideration, the depth of cut, then feed rate and then the cutting speed. ]
Formula
=======
IPT = Inches Per Tooth
T = Number of Teeth
FPR = Feed Per Revolution
RPM x IPT x T
Feed Rate = -------------
FPR
RPM x IPT x T
FPR = -------------
Feed rate
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Feet Per Minute Chart (Page Down for More)
===========================================
Material HSS Carb.
******** *** *****
Stainless Steel 50 150
Cast Steel 50 150
Cast Iron 75 225
High-Carbon Steel 50 150
Medium-Carbon Steel 75 200
Low_Carbon Steel 125 375
Brass 300 800
Magnesium 600 1000
Aluminum 600 1000
Copper 300 1000
Inches Per Tooth (Page Up for More)
Cutter IPT
****** ***
Metal Cutting Saws .001 +
Form Cutters .002
End Mills ( less than 1/2" ) .001 +
End Mills ( more than 1/2" ) .003
Plain Cutters .005
Side Cutters .007
Face Mills .010
====================================
Use these calculations as a starting
point only.
====================================
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Absolute Value of a Real Number
===============================
A Positive number equal to the given number. The Absolute Value of +23 and -23 is 23.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Acute Angel
===========
An angle that is less than 90 degrees.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Analytical Geometry
===================
Cartesian, or coordinate geometry. Positioning that is represented by coordinates.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Angle
=====
The measure of inclination of two straight lines to each other. One complete revolution of a radius vector = 360 degrees. 1 degree = 60 minutes 1 minute = 60 seconds i
51 34' 43"
**********
51 degrees,
34 minutes
43 seconds.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Arc Cosine
==========
The inverse Cosine. Written as Arc Cos
or Cos -1
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Arc Sine
========
The inverse sin. Written as Arc Sine
or Sin -1
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Arc Tangent
===========
The inverse tangent. Written as Arc Tan
or Tan -1
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Archimedes
==========
(287-212 B.C.) Born in Syracuse, Sicily. A mechanical inventor who discovered the laws of levers. Most famous for the Archimedes Screw used to raise water. He discovered the first law of hydrostatics.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Boole, George
=============
(1815-1864) An English mathematician. He used logic in algebra to describe true or false math statements. This 'Boolean' Algebra is used by logic circuit designers and describes logic states used in todays micro computer circuitry. (Logic gates)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cartesian Coordinates
=====================
A coordinate system that uses two coordinates to locate a point on a plane and measure it's distance from either of two intersecting straight-line axes along a line parallel to the other axis. Named after the French mathematician Descartes.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Chord
=====
A straight line that intersects two points on a curve.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Climb Milling
=============
Refers to a milling cutter that is 'climbing up the wall' of the cut just like to two gears meshing together. This type of machining is often used for a good surface finish but not when there is a lot of stock to be taken. 3
Conventional milling is the opposite of climb milling and should be used most of the time. Many forces come into play when a milling cutter is doing it's job. A small and long end mill will 'whip' in the bottom of a cut and flex into or away from a wall depending on the type of milling being performed.
When a mill cut is going to remove a slug, this type of cut could cause the slug to be 'sucked' into the tool and therefore create a major boo boo!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Congruent Figures
=================
Identical figures. When superimposed, they coincide exactly.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Conic
=====
The figure formed by the intersection of a plane with a cone.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Conjugate Angles
================
Angles that equal 360 degrees.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Constant
========
An unchanging quantity.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Conventional Milling
====================
Refers to a milling cutter that is feed into the work piece against the cutter rotation. This type of machining is used most of the time. Many forces come into play when a milling cutter is doing it's job. A small and long end mill will whip in the bottom of a cut and flex into or away from a wall depending on the type of milling being performed.
When a mill cut is going to remove a slug, this type of cut is preferred because it pushes the slug away from the piece upon removal.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Coordinates
===========
Numbers which locate a point. Two numbers can locate a plane and three can locate a point in space.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Coplaner
========
On the same plane.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cosecant of an Angle
====================
The reciprocal of the sine of an angle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cusp
====
A double point on a curve where two tangents fall on.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cycloid
=======
Location of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls along a straight line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Decagon
=======
A polygon with 10 sides.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Density
=======
The quantity per unit volume, unit area, or unit length: The mass of a substance per unit volume.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Descartes, Rene
===============
(1596-1650) He merged algebra and geometry into a single subject called analytical geometry.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Digit
=====
0, 1, 2, .... 9.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Distance between two points
===========================
Two coordinates given, X1, Y1 and X2, Y2.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Distributive Law of Algebra
===========================
Multiplication can be 'distributed' over
addition.
Here is this law at work:
*************************
(X + 3)(2X +4) = (X + 3)2x + (X + 3)4
= 2x
+ 6x + 4x + 12
= 2x
+ 10x + 12
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Ellipse
=======
An oval shape where the sum of the distances of
two fixed points is a constant.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Epicycloid
==========
A curve that is traced by a point on a diameter
that rolls on another diameter.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Hypocycloid
===========
A curve that is traced by a point on a diameter
that rolls on the inside of another diameter.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Three Points on a Circle
========================
You must input the three X and Y coordinates of three points and you will be given the X and Y center locations and the radius of the circle that passes through those three points.
A geometrical law says that if three point are in a plane, in this case X and Y, and not in a straight line or under one another, then it's possible to have a circle pass through those three points. n
Formula
=============================================
(X3
)+(Y3
) (X2
)+(Y2
------------------- - -------------------
2(X3-X1) 2(X2-X1)
Y = ----------------------------------------
Y3-Y1 Y2-Y1
----- - -----
X3-X1 X2-X1
(X3
) + (Y3-Y1)((Y3+Y1)-2Y)
X = -------------------------------
2(X3-X1)
R = Sqrt( (X3-X)
+ (Y3-Y)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Portion of a Cylinder
=====================
A cylinder that is cut at the top or bottom on an angle. If the cylinder was level at both ends then it would be a cylinder, not a portion of a cylinder. A portion of a cylinder has 2 heights, the upper most portion of the angle cut and the lower most portion. Insert these heights as Height1 and Height2.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
CNC Suitability
===============
CNC's are suitable for one particular part that needs a large number of tool changes or work coordinate changes. Also, CNC's are suitable for large amounts of small parts needing a lot of work on many different profiles and/or holes.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Editor Help
===========
Movement Command
======== =======
Character Left Arrow
Character Right Arrow
Word Left Ctrl-Left Arrow
Word Right Ctrl-Right Arrow
Line Up Arrow
Line Down Arrow
Page Up PgUp
Page Down PgDn
Beginning of a Line Home Key
End of a Line End Key
Beginning of a File Ctrl-PgUp
End of a File Ctrl-PgDn
Delete Line Ctrl-Y
Delete Word Right Ctrl-T
Start Marking a Block Shift-(arrow keys)
Copy Block to Clipboard Ctrl-Insert
Paste Block from Clipboard Shift-Insert
Delete Block or Clipboard Ctrl-Del
Hide Block Marker Ctrl-K-H
Cut into Clipboard Shift-Del
Show Clipboard Contents Alt-E-S
Go to Menu Bar F10
Return to Editor from Menus Esc
Save current Workspace F2
Save File as Another Name Alt-F-A
Search Ctrl-Q-F or Alt-S-F
Search Again Alt-S-S
Search/Replace Ctrl-Q-A or Alt-S-R
Replace Last Modification Alt-E-U
Move Edit Window Ctrl-F5
(Arrow Keys and Shift-Arrow)
Zoom Resized Edit Window F5 or Alt-W-Z
Next Window F6 or Alt-W-N
Tile (One on top of another) Alt-W-T
Cascade (Headings vertical) Alt-W-C
Close Current Window Alt-F3
Start a New File Alt-F-N
Open an Existing File F3 or Alt-F-O
Quit Mr. Machinist Alt-X
You may open and manipulate many edit windows at the same time, cut and paste text to and from any window. If you like, you can open the same file more than once for reference purposes. If you want to reference some code from another CNC program you can bring the file up into an edit window, resize it and cut and paste from it to your current CNC program. In doing this you could create a type of 'database' for your machine files.
Let's say you have a machine file, (CNC program) called K0154.TXT. You could create a file called K0154N.TXT for the 'notes' to this file. In K0154N.TXT you could put the job number, cycle time, tools used, set up notes and what ever you like! Then when it comes time to look at that CNC program you could call up these two files, resize them to a smaller size and look at both of them!
When it comes time to save your changes, strike F2 and it's done. You'll know that you have made a change to the edit window when you see a little star '*' just to the right of the lower left edit window. If you strike Alt-X to quit when the star is there (you have not saved your changes) you will be asked if you want to save your changes. At this time you can strike 'Y' for yes or 'N' for no or 'C' for cancel. Whenever you save a file, Mr. Machinist will keep your old one and put a BAK extension to it.
Let's say your editing a file called README.TXT and you make a few changes to it and then you save it. You will now have 2 files on your system by that file name but with different extensions, README.BAK and README.TXT.
Do remember this though, if you make a save and a README.BAK exist, the old README.BAK file will be replaced by the newer README.BAK file. Please note that README.BAK is used here just as an example!
Using a Mouse
=============
It's faster for a user to use the keyboard instead of the mouse, but when it comes to resizing and moving windows, the mouse is the preferred method. The left mouse button is the one you'll always use. Just point and shoot! Pick a menu, click the left button and down comes a menu. Chose from the menu and click for results. To move around edit windows, 'drag' the mouse on the edit window heading. Dragging the mouse means to hold down the left mouse button while moving the mouse. When you want to resize the current window, drag the mouse on the lower right corner of the edit window. To highlight a block of data while editing drag the mouse over the text you desire to mark and that text will become highlighted.
The editor incorporated into Mr. Machinist can manipulate a file of 65 K or under. That is the limit at this time. If you want to edit a very large file you will have to use a more powerful editor or 'split' your file and then 'paste' it back together.
The editor in Mr. Machinist has the capabilities to edit almost all CNC programs. If the CNC program is larger than this limit then maybe you can create a smaller program by using sub-programs. A small CNC program that does a lot is the sign of a good program!!!
This editor is a standard editor that uses commands that are universal in most programs. A small book can be created telling you how to be proficient in using an editor but here are some basics.
Features
========
Full mouse support
Move, resize, overlap, tile, or cascade
Open and view several files at once
Search and replace text
Cut, copy and paste using the clipboard
Paste from one file into another
Use the editor while you use the math functions
View the clipboard contents
Restore deleted text
Do block operations, large deletes or inserts
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Chord, Volume, and Area of a Spherical Sector
=============================================
In the input box you must enter the Radius and Height while in the spherical sector menu. While in the spherical 'segment' menu you must enter the height and one other input, either the radius or the chord. The height can not be greater than 2 x Radius! You will then be displayed an answer box giving you the chord, volume, and area of the spherical sector. z
A sphere is a closed surface where all points are the same from a given distance. Another simple name for a sphere is a ball. A spherical sector is a section of a 'ball' or sphere that is cut out from the whole part. It consist of a full revolution and not just a segment. A spherical segment is a cut section from the 'ball' or sphere but it is cut at two parallel lines. k
Formula (Spherical Sector)
============================
V = Volume, A = Area, C = Chord:
V = (2 x pie x Sqr(radius) x height) / 3
A = pie x radius x (2 x height + .5 x chord)
C = 2 x Sqrt(height(2 x radius - height))
Formula (Spherical Segment)
=============================
V= pie x Sqr(height) x (radius - height / 3)
A= 2 x pie x radius x height
C= 2 x Sqrt(height(2 x radius - height))
R= (Sqr(chord + 4 x Sqr(height))/(8 x height)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
CNC (Computer Numerical Control)
================================
Machines that are controlled by electronic systems, such as computers, that accept numerical data and other alphanumeric instructions. The purpose of almost all CNC machines is to cut metal.
Some main CNC machines in use today are for the purpose of milling, turning, drilling, and boring. The most popular CNC machines in use today are the milling and turning centers.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
CAD/CAM
=======
CAD = Computer Aided Design
CADD = Computer Aided Design Drafting
CAM = Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAD is a computer system that is used to create architectural designs. After a design has been created by the CAD system it can then go to a programmer who makes a program on the computer for the actual machining of the part. This latter process is usually called CAM.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Torus
=====
A shape that looks like an anchor ring or a doughnut. If you were to take a ball and orbit it around a center distance, the shape that it would leave is a Torus. There are two radius involved, the radius of the ball that is orbited and the orbit radius. P
Formula:
========
Radius1 = The orbiting ball.
Radius2 = The orbit radius.
Area = 4 x sqr(pi) x Radius2 x Radius1
Volume = 2 x sqr(pi) x Radius2 x Radius1
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Accessories Menu
================
This menu contains accessories to the Mr. Machinist program. These functions and procedures are mainly used to help the business side of life. @
If you have ideas for some new accessories please let us know!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Calendar
========
The calendar displays the current month, highlighting todays date. The next and previous months can be viewed using the '+' or '-' keys respectivly. The mouse can also be used to change the month by pressing the
icons.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Calculator
==========
This is the Mr. Machinist Calculator with many different functions. It is an input line calculator that is very powerful.
More help
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
CALCULATOR
==========
You can use the keyboard or the mouse to operate this simple calculator. \
Shift-F4 brings up the calculator at any time and Alt-F3 will close the calculator window.
1) Left arrow erases the last character typed.
2) The
key toggles the number from + to -.
3) (
on keyboard is the 'Underscore' key )
4) The C key clears the input line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Resize and Move Windows
=======================
There are two windows that can be resized, the edit window and the help window. All windows can be moved. Learning to resize and move windows at a good pace can really speed up the job of multiple editing and/or viewing multiple formula answers. ,
Using the mouse is the quickest way to resize and/or move a window. To resize a window using the mouse, 'drag' the mouse on the lower right corner of the window. To 'drag' the mouse means to hold down the left mouse button while you have the mouse cursor positioned on a certain item. As you hold down the left mouse button on the lower right corner, begin to move the mouse around. You will now see that the window resizes from the lower right position. The window will stay at its current position as soon as you take your finger off of the mouse. e
To resize a window using the keyboard, you hold down the 'Alt' key and then strike 'W'. This will pop down the 'Window menu'. Strike the 'R' key to resize a window. After striking the 'R' key you can use the arrow keys to resize the window. When you have the window where you want it, strike the 'Enter' key. This will take you out of the resize mode.
To move a window using the mouse you drag the mouse on the top heading of the window. The top heading of a window is the wording that is centered on the top line of the current window.
To move a window using the keyboard you should hold down the 'Alt' key and then strike the 'W' key and the 'Window menu' will pop down. Then strike the 'M' key and you will be able to move the window using the arrow keys.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Trapezium
=========
A four sided figure in which no two sides are parallel. 3
Help on Trapezium input
=======================
Let's assume that the longest side of the four sided figure is down. ,
( A Trapezium )
H1
H2
H1 = Tall height of the figure. (Right)
H2 = Short height of the figure. (Left)
L1 = Distance between heights.
L2 = Dist. from left edge to left height.
L3 = Dist. from rt. edge to rt. height.
Formula
=======
(H1 + H2) x L1 + (L2 x H2) + (L3 x H1)
Area = --------------------------------------
2
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Calculator
==========
Once the calculator window is on screen you will be ready to enter your calculation or formula. You can strike the 'Tab' key to move around the calculator dialog box. Striking the 'Tab' key will take you to the 'Ok' button, once more will take you to the 'Cancel' button and once more will take you back to the input line. If you hold down the 'Shift' key and then strike 'Tab' you will move around in the opposite direction. You can also use the mouse to click on one of these three items and activate them.
Once your in the input line you can start to enter your data. When numerical entry is complete you may strike 'Enter' or click on 'Ok' with your mouse or strike 'O' for 'Ok'. ,
Example: 4+4*87/456*tan(56) then 'Enter'.
The order of precedence is at work here. The calculator evaluates the parts of an expression inside the most deeply nested parentheses before anything else. In the example, the tangent of 56 is calculated and then 87/456 is calculated, then the two are multiplied and 4 is added.
Upper and lower case input of functions are treated the same. You may also append an O for octal or an H for hex after a number. If you input 55o, your answer will be 45 because 55 in octal is 45. If you input 640H, your answer will be 1600 because 640 in hex is 1600. When you type a hex constant you must be sure to type a number before it. If you type FF for a hex number then you will get an error, but if you type 0ff then you will get 255. (
You may enter assignment statements such as, a:=3, and b:=3, and also c:=sqrt(a*b). Always use a single character as your variable, A to Z. If you use assignment statements within expressions always be sure they are predeclared. Here is an example using the formula for RPM (R) of a spindle: a
12 x F (Feet per Minute)
R = --------------------------
Pi x D (Diameter of Endmill)
You would enter f:=200 and then strike 'Enter', d:=0.5 and 'Enter', and for the end result, r:=(12*f)/(pi*d). If you were to leave out the parentheses your result would be in error due to the fact that the calculation would divide first and then do its multiplication.
Standard Keys
=============
Tab = Activate next item
Shift-Tab = Activate in opposite direction.
F4 = Bring up calculator window
Alt-F3 = Close window. (Any time)
Esc = Close window. (Any time)
Enter = Calculate answer. (Valid input)
Calculator Functions
====================
Be sure to inclose functions with more than one character within parentheses.
Example: 5*tan(45)*sqrt(7) 9
+ = Addition
- = Subtraction
/ = Division
* = Multiplicational
^ = Exponentiation
O = Octal (Precede Number)
H = Hex (Precede Number)
Pi = 3.1416.........
Frac = Fractional Value
Factor = Factorial (1 x 2 x 3 x 4....)
Exp = Natural Exponent
Int = Integer Value
Abs = Absolute Value
Log = Log Base 10
Sqrt = Square Root
Ln = Natural Log
ArcCos = ArcCosine
ArcCsc = ArcCosecant
ArcSin = ArcSine
Cos = Cosine
Csc = CoSecant
Sin = Sine
ArcCot = ArcCotangent
ArcSec = ArcSecant
ArcTan = ArcTangent
Cot = CoTangent
Sec = Secant
Tan = Tangent
InvSin = Inversion of a Sin
InvCos = Inversion of a Cos.
InvTan = Inversion of a Tan.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Trapezoid
===================
A four sided figure in which two sides are parallel. 3
Help on Trapezoid input
=======================
Let's assume that the longest side of the four sided figure is down.
Side 1 = One parallel line. #
Side 2 = The other parallel line.
Height = Height of the figure. i
Formula
=======
(Side1 + Side2) x Height
Area = ------------------------
2
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of a Wedge
=================
A three dimensional shape with a base that has length and width. The length of the base travels up to a sharp point which is the height of the wedge. The top and the bottom of the wedge are parallel lines. +
Help on Wedge Input
===================
Side 1 = The base length.
Side 2 = The base width. /
Side 3 = Top of the wedge, parallel to Side1. *
Height = Height of base to top of wedge. x
Formula
=======
(2 x Side1 + Side3) x Height
Volume = ----------------------------
6
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of an Acute Angled Triangle
================================
An acute angle is an angle that is less than 90 degrees. An acute angled triangle is one with all the angles less than 90 degrees. 4
a and b and c are the sides of the acute triangle. *
Formula
=======
S = 1/2 x (a + b + c)
Area = Sqrt(S x (S - a)) x (S - b) x (S - c)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of a Barrel
==================
A cylindrical object where the middle diameter is greater than the end diameter. The sides of a barrel shape can either be a circular arc or a parabola arc. In the parabola arc the radius from the center of the arc shape is constantly changing until it's peak at the top of center. B
The formula used here in Mr. Machinist is for the circular arc. n
Formula
=======
V = Approximate Volume
D = Middle Diameter
d = End Diameter
h = Height of Barrel Shape
Arc of a Circle (Barrel)
V = 0.262 x h x (2 x Sqr(D) + Sqr(d))
Arc of a Parabola (Barrel)
V = 0.209 x h x (2xSqr(D+Dxd+3/4xSqr(d))
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume of a Cone
=========================
This function will ask you for a radius and a height of a cone and then it will give you the area and the volume of that cone in inches or millimeters.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of a Cube
================
This function will ask you for a side dimension of a cube and then will give you the volume of the cube in inches or millimeters.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Cycloid
=================
This function will ask you for the radius of the generating circle of a cyclode and then give you the area.
Cycloid
=======
Location of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls along a straight line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume of a Cylinder
=============================
This function will ask you for the radius and height of a cylinder and then give you the area, volume, and the total area of cylindrical surface and end surfaces.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Perimeter of an Ellipse
================================
This function will ask you for the major axis dimension and the minor axis dimension and then give you the area and circumference of the ellipse.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of an Ellipsoid
======================
This function will ask you for the major axis dimension and the minor axis dimension and then give you the volume of the ellipsoid.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of the Frustum of a Cone
===============================
This function will ask you for the base diameter and the top diameter and the height of the cone and then give you the volume.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of the Frustum of a Pyramid
==================================
This function will ask you for the top area and the bottom area and the height of the pyramid and then give you the volume.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Hex
=============
This function will ask you for the outside radius, the inside radius, and the length of a side but you do not have to answer all of the input lines! You only need to answer one of the questions and all other answers will be given! p
By inputting just the length of a side you get the area, outer radius, inner radius and distance across flats. ^
By inputting just the outer radius you get the area, inner radius and distance across flats. ^
By inputting just the inner radius you get the area, outer radius and distance across flats.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of a Hollow Cylinder
===========================
This function will ask you for the outside diameter, the inside diameter and the height of the cylinder and will give you the volume.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of a Hollow Sphere
=========================
This function will ask you for the outside diameter and the inside diameter of the hollow sphere and then will give you the volume.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of an Obtuse Angle
=======================
This function will ask you for the length of 3 sides and then will give you the area of an obtuse angled triangle. 8
(An angle that is between 90 degrees and 180 degrees.)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of an Octagon
==================
This function will ask you for the length of a side, the outside radius, and the inside radius.
You only need to input one piece of information in order to get your answers. The answers that are given are the side length, the outside radius, the inside radius, and the area of the octagon. 8
Octagon = A polygon with eight angles and eight sides.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Parallelogram
=======================
This function will ask you to input the length of side A and the length of side B. You will then be displayed an answer box giving you the 'area' of the parallelogram.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Polygon
=================
This function will ask you to input four pieces of data. You need not input all four. You may input the number of sides, either ID or OD, and the length of a side. You will then be displayed an answer box giving you the 'area' of the parallelogram.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of a Prism
=================
This function will ask you to input two pieces of data, the area of the prism and the height. You would first have to find the area of the 'end surface' of the prism which could be of different shapes. Once you know the area of the end surface you can then input the height which is measured perpendicular to the end surface. You will then be displayed an answer box giving you the 'Volume' or the prism.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of a Pyramid
===================
This function will ask you to input two pieces of data, the area of the pyramid's base and the height of it. The base of the pyramid could be different shapes so you would have to first find the area of the base. After you have input the proper data you will be displayed an answer box giving you the 'Volume' of the pyramid.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Rectangle
===================
This function will ask you for two pieces of data, the length of one side and the length of the other. You will then be displayed an answer box giving you the 'Area' of the rectangle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Right Triangle
========================
This function will ask you for two pieces of data, the length of the side adjacent and the length of the side opposite. You will then be displayed an answer box giving you the 'Area' of the right triangle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Spandrel or Fillet Radius
===================================
This function will have two input lines requiring you to input data into one of them. Either input the radius of the spandrel or fillet or input the chord. You will then displayed an answer box giving you the 'Area' of the spandrel or fillet.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area of a Square
================
This function will ask you for the length of a side only. With that information you will be given the diagonal length and the 'Area' of the square. The diagonal length is the distance from one corner to the opposite corner.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Volume of a Square Prism
========================
This function will ask you for the length, width, and height of the square prism or 'square box'. You will then be shown an answer box giving you the volume of the 'box'.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume of a Sphere
===========================
This function will ask you to input the radius of the sphere. You will then be shown an answer box giving you the 'Area' and the 'Volume' of the sphere.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume of a Spherical Wedge
====================================
This function will ask you for the angle of the wedge and the radius. You will then be shown an answer box giving you the 'Area' and the 'Volume' of the Spherical Wedge.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume of a Spherical Zone
===================================
This function will ask you for various input. You must input the height of the spherical zone and in addition you must either input the radius or both chord 1 and chord 2. If you input the radius and the height you will be given the 'Area' of the zone. If you input the height and chord 1 and chord 2 you will be given the radius and volume.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Mouse Settings
==============
Using this function can adjust the speed of a double click on your mouse. It can also change the active button from left to right. (For left handed people)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Wire Cut E.D.M.
===============
Wire cut E.D.M. is an electrical discharge machine utilizing a numerically controlled movement and a wire electrode to machine a workpiece to a desired contour. The electrode is is a brass or molybdenum that varies in a diametric range of .002 to .014.
The workpiece may be of any material as long as it is conductive. Hardness does not adversely affect the E.D.M. process, but the capacity for the workpiece to conduct heat and electricity do.
One terminal of the power supply is connected to the electrode and the other to the workpiece. The electrode and workpiece are held in close proximity by the machine, yet they always remain separated by a small gap.
The gap is always filled with a circulating dielectric fluid, usually deionized water in wire cut E.D.M., which acts as an insulator. The dielectric also cools the electrode and workpiece and flushes away the eroded metal particles from the surface of the workpiece.
When the voltage from the power supply is first applied across the gap the insulating characteristics of the dielectric prevent the current from flowing. An electrical field is established at the shortest distance between the electrode and the workpiece, the conductive particles form a "bridge" in the direction of this field. When the gap is narrowed, the voltage of the electrical field causes the bridge to ionize, an ionized gas channel forms, this is the point at which the current begins to flow.
High temperatures and pressures are generated melting and vaporizing a small section of the workpiece. This current continues during the "on time" of the pulse and turns off during the "off time" of the pulse.
During the "off time" the voltage drops to zero, so the current ceases, causing the ionized channel to collapse, and heat and pressure dissipate. z
This implosion ejects the melted particles into the dielectric, producing a small cavity in the workpiece. The ejected material is solidified into a small hollow sphere and washed away by the flushing action of the dielectric. Although most of the molten metal is carried away from the workpiece, a small amount is resolidified and is commonly referred to as the recast layer.
The size of the cavities produced by the process is directly proportional to the amount of current used. A low current produces a fine finish, and a slow cutting speed, and higher currents produce a rougher finish, and faster cutting speeds.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
M.D.I.
======
Manual Data Input
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Equiangular Hyperbola
=====================
Also called a rectangular or equiangular hyperbola whose transverse and conjugate axis are the same in their length. #
Standard equation = X
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Vise Information
================
One of the most commonly used vises in the machine shop is the 6 inch vise. Many different forces are being dispersed when a vise is tightened. The part you are clamping must be aligned and indicated in. The more time you spend setting and indicating in your vise, the better the end result will be.
One common problem with some vises is that after a few uses the movable jaw can become loose and increase in play. In some vises their is an adjusting cap screw in the middle of the back of the movable jaw. By tightening this cap screw you can minimize the amount of play.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
File Menu
=========
The file menu brings down a menu full of choices that have to do with editing and printing files. This menu also has the change directory function which helps you search certain directories without typing in full file names. v
There is also a Dos Shell function within this menu that 'shells' you out to DOS. To 'shell' out means to leave your program temporarily and go into DOS so you can execute other programs. Keep in mind that when you do this, Mr. Machinist still takes up a little memory so do not try to execute a program that uses a lot of memory or you will not be able to execute it. To get back into your program after shelling out type 'EXIT' at the DOS command line. One thing you can also do to make DOS shell easier is to write a small batch file so that when you strike E a batch file called E.BAT executes and gives the command EXIT.
The last command in the file menu is the Alt-X command. This command will exit Mr. Machinist. Strike it any time to exit the program. If your editing a file and you have not saved it, the program will ask you to save it before exiting.
Sub Topics: A
Open
New
Save
Continue
Save
Done
SaveFile E
Change
Dir
Shell
Exit
Print
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
The 'New' command will bring up an edit window with no title. At that time you can start editing a new file. If you want to save it you can bring up the file menu and choose 'Save as' or 'Save'. Either way you will be asked to give the file a name because it does not have a name and it needs one. If you try to 'Exit' the program without saving it you will be asked if you want to save it or not. It's always a good idea to save the file your working on about every 5 minutes or so.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Save
====
The 'Save' menu will save a named file to your disk. You will be asked to give the file a name if you try to save an un-named file. You must be editing a file before this can be active. If your editing a file that is already named, the 'Save' command will save the file without showing you a thing. You'll see your hard drive light come on if your saving it to the hard drive or you will see your floppy lights light up. ?
The fastest way to save a named file is to strike the F2 key!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Save as [Ctrl]-[K]-[F]
=======
Save text in the current window to disk under a new file name. You are asked to which file you would like to save the text. The file may be an existing disk file, or a new file.
Once your text is saved, you can continue using the editor on the current edit window. Note that the window
title will change to reflect your new file name. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Print
=====
You will be able to search through a dialog box and choose the file that you would like to print. If you are editing a file or files and you would like to print one of them, then strike 'F8'.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Dos Shell
=========
To 'shell' out means to leave your program temporarily and go into DOS so you can execute other programs. Keep in mind that when you do this, Mr. Machinist still takes up a little memory so do not try to execute a program that uses a lot of memory or you will not be able to execute it. To get back into your program after shelling out type 'EXIT' at the DOS command line. One thing you can also do to make DOS shell easier is to write a small batch file so that when you strike 'E' a batch file called E.BAT executes and gives the command EXIT. If you need more information on creating BATCH files you can look into a DOS manual. <
(Remember that the library has rows of computer books to!)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Exit
====
If you hold down the 'Alt' key with one finger and strike the 'X' key with another finger...you will exit the program. The only reason that you may not be able to exit is that you may have some active windows on your desk top that you need to close or your editing a file that has been modified and not saved.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Edit Menu
=========
The Edit menu gives you six choices that have to do with editing a file. 8
1. Undo - Undeletes the last line deleted or changed.
2. Cut - Removes selected text from file to clipboard.
3. Copy - Copies selected text to clipboard.
4. Paste - Copies text from clipboard to file.
5. Show - Shows context of clipboard.
6. Clear - Removes selected text without going to clipboard.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Windows
=======
The Windows menu gives you six window manipulation choices. A
1. Resize/move - Use arrow keys or shift-arrow keys to move or
resize.
2. Zoom - F5 will toggle off and on the 'zoom' window function.
3. Next - F6 will toggle between active windows.
4. Close - Alt-F3 will close the current window.
5. Tile - View all edit windows.
6. Cascade - Stacks all edit windows.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Search
======
The Search menu is used to find certain text in a file and this function can also search and replace chosen text with new text. This menu has three functions to choose from.
1. Find - Finds the text of your choice.
2. Replace - Finds text and then replaces it with new text.
3. Search again - Do another search using the same choice.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Circle Menu
===========
The Circle menu is filled with math functions that have everything to do with circles. There are seven main functions.
1. Circ. Segment -Find the angle, chord, height, or Radius.
2. Circle Area - Find the surface area of a circle.
3. Circ. Ring - Find the surface area of a circular ring.
4. Circ. Ring Sector Area - Same as 3 but only a section.
5. Circ. Sector Area - Find a circular sector area. Only
two inputs needed.
6. Circumference - Find circle circumference.
7. Three Points - Find X and Y center and radius of a circle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Circ. Segment
=============
This function allows a user to find the Chord, Height, Radius, Total Segment Angle, and Arc Length from two knowns. }
There are two instances where there can be no solution, knowing just the Chord and Arc Length or the Height and Arc Length.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Circ. Segment
=============
This function allows a user to find the Chord, Height, Radius, Total Segment Angle, and Arc Length of a Circular Segment from two knowns.
There are two instances where there is no solution available, knowing just the Chord and Arc Length or the Height and Arc Length. g
The first step is to input the two known pieces of information. Certain types of input are not feasible. Take for example a Height input that is greater than or equal to the Radius. If the Height is greater than the Radius, subtract the Radius from the Height. Another example of improper input is a Chord that is greater than the Diameter of the Circle.
Remember that your answers not only go to a dialog box but also to a file that exists on your hard drive called MRMSOLVE.TXT. This file can be viewed or printed at any time.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Circle Area
===========
This choice simply finds the area of a given circle diameter. G
Input the Diameter of the Circle you would like to find the Area for.
Area = Pie x Radius Squared
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Circular Ring Area
==================
This function will find the Area of a Circular Ring. Input the Outside Diameter and then the Inside Diameter.
Area = Pie x (OD
- ID
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Circular Ring Sector Area
=========================
This function is able to give you the Area of the Sector of a Circular Ring. You need to know three things: the Angle of the Sector, the OD and the ID.
Area of a Circular Ring Sector Formula
======================================
( OR = Outer Radius, IR = Inner Radius )
((Sector Angle x Pie) / 360)) x (OR
- IR
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Circular Sector Area
====================
This function gives you a choice of entering the two knowns and then calculates the answer.
You may either enter the Radius and Angle, Radius and Arc Length, Radius and Area, Angle and Arc Length, Angle and Area, or Area and Arc Length...any combination is possible!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Circumference of a Circle
=========================
This function will find the Circumference of a Circle.
The circumference of a circle is the total length of a circle, as if you were to 'cut' the circular line and lay it flat and then measure it. !
Circumference = Pie x Diameter
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Three Points on a Circle
========================
A geometrical law says that if three point are in a plane, in this case X and Y, and not in a straight line or under one another, then it's possible to have a circle pass through those three points. Keep in mind that you can cause an error and you'll have to reboot your computer if you input your coordinates as a straight line. You will also find X and Y coordinates and radiuses of large amounts if you input three points that are almost a straight line. n
Formula
=============================================
(X3
)+(Y3
) (X2
)+(Y2
------------------- - -------------------
2(X3-X1) 2(X2-X1)
Y = ----------------------------------------
Y3-Y1 Y2-Y1
----- - -----
X3-X1 X2-X1
(X3
) + (Y3-Y1)((Y3+Y1)-2Y)
X = -------------------------------
2(X3-X1)
R = Sqrt( (X3-X)
+ (Y3-Y)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Math Menu
=========
The Math menu has nine functions to do with math.
1. Trig. - Right angle trig. (Give the two knowns)
2. Conversions: a) Millimeters to Inches
b) Inches to Millimeters
c) Degrees to Degrees, Minutes, Seconds
d) Degrees, Minutes, Seconds to Degrees
e) Celsius to Fahrenheit
f) Fahrenheit to Celsius
3. Polar Coordinates - Gives an X and Y from a radius and angle.
4. Dist. Across Square Corners - Input height for answer.
5. Dist. Across Hex Corners - Input height for answer.
6. Dist. Between Two Points - Give two X and Y's.
7. Middle of Two Points - Give two X and Y's.
8. Three Points Shift/Rotate - Give three X and Y's and new
X and Y origins and the degree of rotation, (if any).
9. Calculator - Do formulas and calculations.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Trigonometry Screen
===================
Choosing this function will give you a screen that will ask you for the two knowns of a right triangle. The function will then give you all the angles and side dimensions of that right triangle and also the perimeter, inner circle diameter, outer circle diameter, and perpendicular line that has to do with that particular right triangle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Polar Coordinates
=================
This function will ask you for a radius and an angle and then it will give you the X and Y coordinate of the point where that angle line meets that radius circle from center X/Y zero.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Distance Across Square Corners
==============================
This function will ask you for the height of the square and then it will give you the distance from corner to corner.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Distance Across Hex Corners
===========================
This function will ask you for the height of the hex from top to bottom, (From flat to flat) and then give you the distance across hex corners.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Distance Between 2 Points
=========================
This function will ask you for two X and Y coordinates and then give you the distance between these two points.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Middle of 2 Points
==================
This function will ask you for the two X and Y coordinate locations. You will then be shown the X and Y coordinate of the point that lies exactly in the middle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Three Points Shifted and Rotated
================================
This function will ask you to input three X and Y coordinates, a shift location, and a rotation angle. The X and Y Datum position is what is being shifted here or in other words the reference or datum point. d
The rotation begins at the 3 O'clock position and swings around in a counter clock wise direction.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume Functions
=========================
These are the Area and Volume math functions of Mr. Machinist.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume Shapes from A-H
===============================
Acute Angle Barrel
Cone Cube
Cycloid Cylinder
Ellipse Ellipsoid
Frustum of Cone Frustum of Pyramid
Hexagon Hollow Cylinder
Hollow Sphere
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume Shapes from I-R:
================================
Obtuse Angle Octagon
Parallelogram Polygon
Portion of Cylinder Prism
Pyramid Rectangle
Right Triangle
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Area and Volume Shapes from S - Z
=================================
Spandrel or Fillet Square
Square Prism Sphere
Spherical Sector Spherical Segment
Spherical Wedge Spherical Zone
Torus Trapezium
Trapezoid Wedge
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Feed and Speed Rates
====================
This menu choice provides you with speed and feed information. You input the required date and you end up with a general speed and feed to begin to work with.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Mill and Turn Speeds and Feeds
==============================
This function will ask you for the surface feet per minute, the work piece or cutter diameter, the chip load, and the number of teeth on the cutter. A general chart is positioned on the left of the screen for handy reference of surface feet and chip loads.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Options Menu
============
This is the user options menu. Using the functions of this menu, the user can change the way things look and react.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Retrieve DeskTop
================
The 'DeskTop' is the way your screen looks at any given time. You may have two or three files up on your screen that you are editing and you may have a few answer boxes and calculations up also. You can 'save' the things that your screen is showing you to a file called, 'MRM.DSK'. The DSK extension stands for DISK. Then at a later time you may 'retrieve' or 'restore' your desktop by choosing the 'Retrieve DeskTop' menu choice. This option will search your current directory for the file called 'MRM.DSK'.
Be aware that when you 'Change Directory' in the file menu you will then 'save' the desktop in the directory that you changed to. So if you start the program at a later time and expect to find your last desktop but you can not, then you may have saved your desktop in another directory.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Save DeskTop
============
The 'DeskTop' is the way your screen looks at any given time. You may have two or three files up on your screen that you are editing and you may have a few answer boxes and calculations up also. You can 'save' the things that your screen is showing you to a file called, 'MRM.DSK'. The DSK extension stands for DISK. Then at a later time you may 'retrieve' or 'restore' your desktop by choosing the 'Retrieve
DeskTop' menu choice.
By choosing 'Save DeskTop' you will create a file called, 'MRM.DSK' in your current directory. This file will hold all of your current views so that you can 'Retrieve' them at a later time.
Be aware that when you 'Change Directory' in the file menu you will then 'save' the desktop in the directory that you changed to. So if you start the program at a later time and expect to find your last desktop but you can not, then you may have saved your desktop in another directory.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Jump to Line [Ctrl]-[J]-[L]
==============================
Quickly jump to any line in your document. A dialog box will appear that requests the line number you wish to jump to. Valid entries are 1 through 9999. R
Your cursor will remain on the current line if you enter an invalid line number. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cancel | No
===============
Clicking on these buttons, or pressing [Esc], says "No, go back to what I was doing -- don't change or do anything!".
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Drag Mode
=========
The current window is being moved or resized. Press [Enter] to keep the current position, or [Esc] to restore the former position and/or size.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Find Options
============
You have two options available when trying to find text. {
You can do a case sensitive search, which means text must match the case of the text you entered before a match is found.
You may search for whole words only, which means that no match will be found if the text you input is part of a word (i.e, TIME -- "sometime" is NOT a match).
You use the mouse or up/down arrow keys to highlight the option you want, and click on it or press the spacebar to toggle it on/off.
DIALOG
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Line Number
===========
Enter a line number from 1 to 9999. You may press the down arrow to select from a history list of previous entries, or use the mouse to click on the history
icon to the right of the input
line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Reformat Options
================
Select one of the buttons to tell the editor where you want to start searching. You may click on the appropriate button with your mouse, or use the up/down arrow keys to highlight the proper button.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Replace Text [Alt]-[N] DIALOG
============ REPLACE
Options
SEARCH
Type in the replacement text you want. You can also press the down arrow key to bring up a history list of the last replacement text. Clicking the mouse on the history
icon to the right of the input
line will do the same thing.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Replace Options REPLACE
===============
The first two options are for finding text. {
You can do a case sensitive search, which means text must match the case of the text you entered before a match is found.
You may search for whole words only, which means that no match will be found if the text you input is part of a word (i.e, TIME -- "sometime" is NOT a match). .
The last two options are for replacing text. ^
You may request the editor to prompt you for each matching occurrence before replacing text. P
You may request the editor replace all matching occurrences without prompting.
You use the mouse or up/down arrow keys to highlight the option you want, and click on it or press the spacebar to toggle it on/off.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Right Margin DIALOG
============
Enter a right margin value from 10 to 255. Press the down arrow or click on the history
icon to the right of the input
line to bring up a history list of prior entries.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Tab Stops DIALOG
=========
Use your right/left cursor keys to move the cursor to the tab stop you want to delete/set. Press the spacebar to delete tabs, or any other character key (like [x]) to set a tab stop. m
IMPORTANT: If you press spacebar immediately after you bring this dialog up, all tab stops will be erased!
You can push the down arrow or click on the history
icon between the OK and CANCEL buttons to bring up a history list of previous tab stop settings.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Close Icon
==========
The close icon appears in the upper left corner of almost every window. By clicking on it with your mouse, you can quickly close a window. If you are not using a mouse, press [Alt]-[F3] or [Esc].
Close
Icon:[
Title
<--Title Bar
<--Resize corner
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
History Icon
============
The history icon is a little box with the down arrow in it. It is usually situated near an input
line within a dialog
box.
The history icon is selected by pressing the down arrow, or clicking on it with the mouse. It brings up a new window that contains a list of all previous commands that may have been input. The list is usually 10 items deep.
You can select from this list by using the mouse to scroll through it, or the up/down arrow keys. Pressing [Enter] accepts the input and places it on the input
line. This feature allows you to quickly pick previous entries.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Input Line
==========
An input line is always found within a dialog
box. It allows you to enter data to allow some further action to take place. Input lines will usually have a history
icon associated with them, thereby allowing you to quickly select from amongst a list of previous entries.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Resize Corner
=============
The "resize corner" of a window is the bottom right corner that appears a bit different from the rest of the window
border. By clicking on it with a mouse, you can resize a window to the dimensions you want. Not all windows have this corner, for not all windows can be resized.
Title
<--Title Bar
<--Resize corner
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Selected Text
=============
Selected text is that text which you highlight in your document. Once text has been selected, you may COPY, CUT, or CLEAR the text. Selected text has a different color than regular text.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Window Border
=============
All windows have a border around them, be it an edit window or a dialog
box. The border tells you several things about a window. If the border is highlighted, it means that window is the active window, or the one you are using. If the border is not highlighted, it means the window is not active. If the border changes to a color that is not normal for active or inactive windows, it means you are resizing and/or moving it.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Zoom Icon
=========
The zoom icon is located in the upper right corner of most windows. It means that this window can be zoomed in on to fill the whole desktop or can be zoomed out of to resume its normal size. Not all windows can be zoomed. Dialog
boxes are usually not "zoomable." =
Zoom
Icon [
Title
<--Title Bar
<--Resize corner
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Save Done [Ctrl]-[K]-[D] FILE
========= SAVE
Save text in the current window to disk and close the edit window. If your window is titled UNTITLED, you will be asked to supply a file name. Otherwise, the text is saved to disk using the current window title. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Menus Help
==========
Select which menu you would like help on.
Topics: /
File
Edit
Search
Windows
Desktop
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Dialog Menu
===========
The following topics are available for dialog
boxes: D
Cancel/No
OK/Yes
Change
Find
Jump
Line
Reformat
Replace
Right
Margin
TabStops
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Ok and Yes
==========
Clicking on these buttons, or pressing [Enter], says "Yes, keep the changes I've made".
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Directory Name [Alt]-[N] DIALOG
DIR
FILE_Menu
You may type in a directory name, or press the down arrow to get a history of previous directory names. If you are using the mouse, click on the history
icon to the right of the input
line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Directory Tree [Alt]-[T]
==============
Move the highlighted bar with the up/down arrow keys, or your mouse, to the directory of your choice. Note that the current directory will remain highlighted.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Edit Menu
=========
This menu allows you to cut, copy, and paste text to and from the clipboard. You can also undelete your last text operation, clear selected
text from your document without putting it into the clipboard, or view current clipboard contents.
Sub Topics: S
Undo
Copy
Cut
Paste
Clipboard
Clear
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Undo
==== [Ctrl]-[Q]-[L] EDITOR
Undo your last text operation. Whether you entered text that you don't really want, or accidentally deleted some text you would like to restore, UNDO will restore the text to its original context.
However, you must select UNDO before you use any cursor
key. The UNDO buffer is based on cursor movement. As long as you are entering or deleting text you can UNDO it. This also applies to marking blocks of text and deleting them. The deletion can be undone, as long as you don't move the cursor with a cursor
key (i.e., [PgUp], [Right-Arrow], [Home], etc.). Once the cursor is moved, the UNDO buffer flushes itself and the original text context is forever gone.
This does not apply to using any of the text reformatting
keys. Wordwrap can not be undone. Nor can paragraph or document reformatting. L
This command is disabled until you enter or delete text in an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Copy [Ctrl]-[Ins] EDIT
==== [Ctrl]-[K]-[K] MOVING
SELECT
Copy selected text to the clipboard. Using COPY indicates that you want to take a "copy" of your selected
text, leaving the text in your document intact. A
This command is disabled until you place text on the clipboard.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cut [Shift]-[Del] EDIT
=== [Ctrl]-[K]-[Y] DELETE
SELECT
Cut selected
text out of your document to the clipboard. Using CUT indicates that you want to "cut" your selected
text, removing the text from your document. A
This command is disabled until you place text on the clipboard.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Paste [Shift]-[Ins] EDIT
[Ctrl]-[K]-[C] MOVING
Paste text into your document from the clipboard. In order to use this option, text must have been placed on the clipboard previously using COPY or CUT commands. A
This command is disabled until you place text on the clipboard.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
ClipBoard EDIT
View the contents of the clipboard. The clipboard will be blank unless you previously put something on it using the COPY or CUT commands. Z
To exit the clipboard, press [Alt]-[F3] and you will return to your current edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Clear [Ctrl]-[Del] EDIT
===== DELETE
SELECT
Clear selected text from your document. This is much like the CUT option, but the selected
text is not put on the clipboard. E
Use this command only if you want to delete selected text for good. 1
This command is disabled until you select
text.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Search Menu [Alt]-[S] MENUS
=========== EDITOR
This menu allows you to look for and/or replace text within your document. It also offers the option of quickly repeating the last find or search/replace action.
Sub Topics: "
Find
Search/Replace
Again
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Find [Ctrl]-[Q]-[F] Search
====
Find a particular bit of text in your document. A dialog
box will appear asking you what text to find, and gives you the option of finding text that is case sensitive or whole words only. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Search/Replace [Ctrl]-[Q]-[A] SEARCH
==============
This is similar to using FIND text, however you also have to provide text with which to replace text you find. A dialog
box will appear asking you what text to find, what text to replace it with, and if the search is case sensitive, for whole words only, to prompt before replacing text, or to replace all finds without prompting. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Again [Ctrl]-[L] SEARCH
=====
This will allow you to quickly repeat the last FIND or SEARCH/REPLACE action without having to enter your FIND or SEARCH/REPLACE parameters into a dialog
box again. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Windows Menu [Alt]-[W] MENUS
============
This menu allows you to navigate amongst the different windows open on the desktop, resize of move a window, or arrange your windows in a tile or cascade pattern on the desktop.
Sub Topics: Y
Resize/Move
Zoom
Previous
Next
Close
Tile
Cascade
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Resize/Move [Ctrl]-[F5] WINDOWS
===========
Resize or move the current window on the desktop. The first thing you will note is that the window
border will change color. You can now resize or move the window.
Title
<--Title Bar
<--Resize
corner
To resize the window, hold the [Shift] key down and press the right or down arrow. If you are using a mouse, you must first click on the bottom right "resize"
corner of the window, and while holding the mouse button down, move it right or down to make the window grow. You reverse the process to shrink the window.
To move the window, you press the arrow key that corresponds to the direction you want to move the window. To move it quickly, press the [Ctrl] key and the arrow key that corresponds to the direction you want to move the window. If you are using a mouse, you must place the mouse cursor on the title
bar of the window, press the mouse button, and move the window to where you want it while you hold the mouse button down.
When you are done resizing/moving the window, press [Enter] and the window
border returns to its default color. If you are using a mouse, just let go of the mouse button. W
This command is disabled unless a window that can be resized/moved is on the desktop.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Zoom [F5] WINDOWS
====
Toggle between filling the desktop with the current window, or shrinking the window to its normal size.
Title
<--Title Bar
<--Resize corner
If you are using a mouse, click on the arrow(s) on the title
bar of the window. Windows without arrow(s) on the title
bar of the window can not be zoomed. P
This command is disabled unless a window that can be zoomed is on the desktop.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Previous [Shift]-[F6] WINDOWS
========
Go back to the previous window on the desktop, if you have multiple windows open.
Note that there is a bug in TurboVision. If you have only one window open on the desktop and try to go to the previous window and then the next window, your cursor gets lost. Simply press a key to get the cursor back. N
This command is disabled unless there is at least one window on the desktop.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Next [F6] WINDOWS
====
Go to the next window on the desktop, if you have multiple windows on the desktop.
Note that there is a bug in TurboVision. If you have only one window open on the desktop and try to go to the previous window and then the next window, your cursor gets lost. Simply press a key to get the cursor back. N
This command is disabled unless there is at least one window on the desktop.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Close [Alt]-[F3] WINDOWS
=====
Close the window that is currently selected on the desktop. You select this option when you are done using a window.
You may also press the [Esc] key in many instances, or use the mouse to click on the close
icon in the upper left corner of a window. .
Close
Icon:[
]
This command is disabled unless there is at least one window on the desktop.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Tile WINDOWS
====
Arrange all windows on the desktop in a tile pattern. An example of four windows tiled on the desktop would look like this:
Tiled Windows
This command is disabled unless there is at least one window on the desktop.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cascade WINDOWS
=======
Arrange all windows on the desktop in a cascade pattern. An example of four windows cascaded on the desktop would look like this: Z
Cascaded Windows
This command is disabled unless there is at least one window on the desktop.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Editor Commands
===============
Sub Topics:
Centering
Cursor
Deleting
Formatting
Indenting
Inserting
Margins
Moving
Marking
Saving
Searching
Selecting
Tabs
Undo
Wordwrap
Printing
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Printing a File While Editing
=============================
You may print the current file that is being edited by striking the 'F8' key. A window will pop up asking you if you really want to print the current file. Using the mouse you may click on yes, strike 'spacebar' or 'Enter' and your file will print. Strike the 'Esc' key to exit and say no, or you may click on the 'no' button.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Cursor Cmds EDITOR
===========
The following topics are available for cursor movement:
Sub Topics:
Appearance
Char
CharRight
Document
Document
Start
JumpLine
Jump
Line
LineEnd
Line
Start
Line
PageBottom
Page
Page
PageTop
Scroll
Scroll
WordLeft
Word
Right
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Delete Cmds EDITOR
===========
The following topics are available for deleting text:
Sub Topics: W
Char
Char
Right
Line
Line
Line
Start
SelectedClear
Selected
Word
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Format Cmds EDITOR
===========
The following topics are available for formatting text:
Sub Topics:
Document
Paragraph
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Mark Cmds EDITOR
=========
The following topics are available for text place markers:
Goto
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Moving Cmds EDITOR
===========
The following topics are available for moving text:
Sub Topics:
Copy
Paste
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Save Cmds EDITOR
=========
The following topics are available for saving text: 1
Save
Continue
Save
Save
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Select Cmds EDITOR
===========
The following topics are available for selecting text: &
Clear
Copy
Hide
Start
Word
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Tab Cmds EDITOR
========
The following topics are available for setting and using tabs:
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Del Char Right [BackSpace] DELETE
============== [Ctrl]-[H] EDITOR
Move the cursor to the left one space, deleting the character before it.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Center Line [Ctrl]-[Q]-[C] EDITOR
===========
Center text on the line your cursor is sitting on. Text is centered according to the current value of the right margin. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Char Left [Left Arrow] CURSOR
========= [Ctrl]-[S] EDITOR
Move the cursor to the left one space. No characters are deleted.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Char Right [Right Arrow] CURSOR
========== [Ctrl]-[D] EDITOR
Move the cursor to the right one space. No characters are deleted.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Del Char Left [Del] DELETE
============= [Ctrl]-[G] EDITOR
Delete the character to the right of the cursor. All other characters on the line are moved to the left to fill the vacant space.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Del To End Line [Ctrl]-[Q]-[Y] DELETE
EDITOR
Delete all characters from the current cursor position to the end of the current line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Delete Line [Ctrl]-[Y] DELETE
=========== EDITOR
Delete the current line. All lines below it are moved up by one line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Del To Start Line [Ctrl]-[Q]-[H] DELETE
================= [Ctrl]-[Backspace] EDITOR
Delete all characters from the current cursor position to the start of the line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Delete Word [Ctrl]-[T] DELETE
=========== EDITOR
Delete characters from the current cursor position to the last character in the word, if the cursor is sitting in a word. If the cursor is sitting in spaces, all spaces to the beginning of the next word will be deleted.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Page Bottom [Ctrl]-[End] CURSOR
=========== EDITOR
Move the cursor to the bottom of the current page. A page is defined as all text that is within the current window frame.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Hide Selection [Ctrl]-[K]-[H] EDITOR
============== SELECT
Unhighlight any text you may have selected. You press this key sequence if you decide you don't need to perform any action on the selected text. I
Pressing the down arrow without the [Shift] key will do the same thing.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Page Top [Ctrl]-[Home] CURSOR
======== EDITOR
Move the cursor to the top of the current page. A page is defined as all text that is within the current window frame.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Auto-Indent [Ctrl]-[Q]-[I] EDITOR
===========
Toggle the editor auto-indent feature on/off.
Auto-indent will automatically indent the cursor to the same position on the next line as the first character on the current line when [Enter] is pressed. M
If Auto-Indent is on, an "I" will appear on the edit window indicator line. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Insert Line [Ctrl]-[N] EDITOR
===========
Insert a carriage return and line feed pair at the current cursor position. All characters at the cursor position and to the end of the line will be moved down to the next line. k
Unlike the [Enter] key, the cursor stays at its current position and does NOT move down to the next line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Insert Mode [Ins] CURSOR
=========== [Ctrl]-[V] EDITOR
Toggle the cursor between insert and overstrike mode. In insert mode, characters are inserted into the text at the current cursor position and all characters after the cursor are moved to the left. In overstrike mode, characters at the cursor position are replaced with the new character you type.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Line Down [Down Arrow] CURSOR
========= [Ctrl-[X] EDITOR
Move the cursor down to the next line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Line End [End] CURSOR
======== [Ctrl]-[Q]-[D] EDITOR
Move the cursor from its current position to the end of the line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Line Start [Home] CURSOR
========== [Ctrl]-[Q]-[S] EDITOR
Move the cursor from its current position to the start of the line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Line Up [Up Arrow] CURSOR
======= [Ctrl]-[E] EDITOR
Move the cursor up one line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
New Line [Enter] EDITOR
======== [Ctrl]-[M]
Insert a carriage return at the current cursor position. The cursor will move down to the next line. If Auto-Indent is on, the cursor will indent to the same position as the first character of the line the cursor was on when [Enter] was pressed. Otherwise the cursor goes to the first position of the new line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Page Down [PgDn] CURSOR
========= [Ctrl]-[C] EDITOR
Move the cursor down a page at a time through your text. Note that a page is defined as all text that is within the current window frame.
This is not a "true" page down feature, in that the first time you press the key the cursor simply goes to the bottom of the current page. You'll probably have to press it twice to get to the next page. Thereafter, it works as a true page down feature.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Page Up [PgUp] CURSOR
======= [Ctrl]-[R] EDITOR
Move the cursor up a page at a time through your text. Note that a page is defined as all text that is within the current window frame.
This is not a "true" page up feature, in that the first time you press the key the cursor simply goes to the top of the current page. You'll probably have to press it twice to get to the previous page. Thereafter, it works as a true page up feature.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Document Reform [Ctrl]-[Q]-[U] FORMAT
===============
Quickly reformat your document text. A dialog
box will appear that allows you to select whether to begin reformatting at the current cursor position or from the beginning of the document.
Reformatting is based on the position of the first character in the first line of a paragraph and the current right margin setting. You must be VERY careful when using this feature for you can easily ruin your document's appearance using the reformatting feature.
You can NOT undo the reformatting process. It is permanent. Therefore, you are advised to save your document BEFORE you use this feature. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Paragraph Reform [Ctrl]-[B] FORMAT
================
Quickly reformat a paragraph.
Reformatting is based on the position of the first character of the current line the cursor is on and the current right margin setting. Reformatting takes place from the current line to the end of the paragraph. >
You can NOT undo the reformatting process. It is permanent. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Right Margin [Ctrl]-[O]-[R] EDITOR
============
Set a right margin value for the editor. A dialog
box will appear that asks you to enter a right margin value. Right margin values may range from 10 to 255. The default right margin is 76.
The right margin is used by the editor wordwrap, reformatting, and centering features to determine where to wrap a line of text. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Scroll Down [Ctrl]-[Z] CURSOR
=========== EDITOR
Scrolls the screen up while maintaining the cursor position. If the original cursor position scrolls off the screen, the cursor scrolls down a line. This forces the cursor to stay in the upper left corner of the screen should the original cursor position scroll away.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Scroll Up [Ctrl]-[W] CURSOR
========= EDITOR
Scrolls the screen down while maintaining the cursor position. If the original cursor position scrolls off the screen, the cursor scrolls up a line. This forces the cursor to stay in the lower left corner of the screen should the original cursor position scroll away.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Select Word [Ctrl]-[K]-[T] EDITOR
=========== SELECT
Highlight the current word the cursor is sitting on. The word is marked from the current cursor position to the next space or end of line, whichever comes first. The marked word is put into the clipboard without further effort on your part. Marking works in the normal manner, i.e., it disappears the moment you move the cursor. z
Note that NOTHING will happen if you try to use this command when the cursor is sitting on a space or the end of a line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Tab Stops [Ctrl]-[O]-[I] TAB
=========
Enter custom tab stop preferences in a dialog
box. These tab stops are used to allow you to quickly insert spaces, or jump over text to a designated tab stop. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Start Select [Ctrl]-[K]-[B] EDITOR
============ [Shift]-[Down Arrow] SELECT
Start selecting text. Selected text is that text which is not the same color as normal text. You select text when you want to perform a particular action on that text and no other text, such as COPY, CUT, CLEAR, etc.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Tab Key [Tab] EDITOR
======= [Ctrl]-[I] TAB
Move the cursor to the next tab stop. Tab stops default to every fifth character on a line. You may reset the tab stops by using [Ctrl]-[O]-[I]. x
When in INSERT mode, the cursor will attempt to go to the next tab stop, happily INSERTING SPACES as it looks for that next stopping point. If it is at the last tab stop, it stops inserting spaces and takes a big jump to the first character of the next line. Try to keep tab use to a minimum when the cursor is in insert mode. You eat up valuable buffer space real quick! 7
When in OVERSTRIKE mode, the cursor will attempt to go to the next tab stop, happily skipping over characters as it looks for that next stopping point. If it is at the last tab stop, OR the line is too short to allow it to reach the next tab stop, it takes a big jump to the first character of the next line.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Document End [Ctrl]-[PgDn] CURSOR
============ [Ctrl]-[Q]-[C] EDITOR
Move the cursor from its current position to the end of the document.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Document Start [Ctrl]-[PgUp] CURSOR
============== [Ctrl]-[Q]-[R] EDITOR
Move the cursor from its current position to the start of the document.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Word Left [Ctrl]-[F] CURSOR
========= [Ctrl]-[Right-Arrow] EDITOR
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word. Use this feature when you want to quickly jump from word to word.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Word Right [Ctrl]-[A] CURSOR
========== [Ctrl]-[Left Arrow] EDITOR
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word. Use this feature when you want to quickly jump from word to word.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Wordwrap [Ctrl]-[O]-[W] EDITOR
========
Toggle the editor wordwrap feature on/off.
Wordwrap allows you to type in text and automatically wrap to the next line when the cursor reaches the current right margin setting. I
If wordwrap is on, a "W" will appear on the edit window indicator line. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Goto Marker [Ctrl]-[Q]-[#] CURSOR
=========== MARK
Using the WordStar [Ctrl]-[Q]-[#] key sequence, where "#" is a number 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 0, will allow you to access up to 10 place markers you have previously set in your text. Your cursor will go nowhere if you try to jump to a non-existent marker.
Hold down the 'Ctrl' key and then strike 'q', let up on both keys and then strike a previously set number key and if this number key has been set you will go to the marked line #. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Set Marker [Ctrl]-[K]-[#] MARK
==========
Using the WordStar [Ctrl]-[K]-[#] key sequence, where "#" is a number 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 0, will allow you to set up to 10 place markers in your text.
While holding down the 'Ctrl' key strike 'k', then let up on both keys and strike a number key. Nothing will appear to have happened but in actuality you have set a place marker to the number key you have struck. 9
This command is disabled until you open an edit window.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Find Text [Alt]-[T] DIALOG
========= FIND
Options
SEARCH
Type in the text that you wish to find. You can also press the down arrow key to bring up a history list of the last text you looked for. Clicking the mouse on the history
icon to the right of the input
line will do the same thing.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Desktop Menu [Alt]-[O] MENUS
============
This menu allows you to load and store the desktop.
Sub Topics: !
Load
Desktop
Store
Desktop
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Load Desktop DESKTOP
============
Load a previous desktop from disk. Note that you must have previously saved a desktop for this option to work, and it is always retrieved from the same file.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Save Desktop DESKTOP
============
Save your current desktop to disk. Note that the desktop is automatically saved when you exit the application, and it is always saved to the same file!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Desktop GLOSSARY
=======
The desktop refers to all the space on the screen between the Menu
Bar and the Status
Bar. All windows that appear in this area are considered part of the desktop.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Dialog Box GLOSSARY
==========
A dialog box is a window that pops up to either tell you of some error condition that has occurred, or to request further input before an action can be completed. An example is the Change Directory dialog, which requests you enter the name of the directory you would like to change to.
A dialog box can several input
lines, such as the search/replace dialog, and usually has several buttons associated with it that allow you to tell the dialog whether to accept or abort your dialog.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Menu
====
The following topics are available for help.
Close
Icon
Desktop
Dialog
Box
History
Input
Line
Pulldown
Menu
Bar
Selected
Resize
Corner
Title
Status
Bar
Window
Border
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Menu Bar GLOSSARY
========
The menu bar is the bar that goes across the top of your screen with the names of the pulldown
menus in it. Pressing the [F10] key will highlight one of the menu titles, or pressing the [Alt] key and the highlighted letter of the menu name will pull down that menu. Clicking on the menu name with a mouse will do the same thing.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Status Bar GLOSSARY
==========
The status bar is the bar that appears at the bottom of your screen. The bar is there to inform you of the commands that are available for your use. The bar is also used to provide information as to what a particular menu option will do.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Pulldown Menu GLOSSARY
=============
A pulldown menu is a menu of options that is usually not visible unless you request to "pull it down." The menu
bar contains the names of the various pull down menus available for your use. C
You press the [F10] key to access the menu
bar and and use the arrow keys to pick the menu name you want. Then press [Enter] to pull the menu down. An alternate method is to use the [Alt] key in conjunction with the highlighted character of the menu name. Clicking on the menu name with a mouse will do the same thing.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Title Bar GLOSSARY
=========
Every window has a title bar. The title bar is simply the name of the file that is associated with this particular window. The title bar of a dialog box us usually an indicator as to the function of that dialog.
Title
<--Title Bar
<--Resize corner
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
File Name [Alt]-[N] DIALOG
=========
Enter the file name you would like to load. Press [Enter] to accept the current contents on the input
line. You can also press the down arrow to bring up a history
list of any previous entries.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Print MRMSOLVE.TXT
==================
MRMSOLVE.TXT is a file that is created by Mr. Machinist. It is a file that is saved to the current drive and directory each time an answer is called for. If MRMSOLVE.TXT exists then your answers are added or 'appended' to the file. l
Choosing this menu option will give you a chance to print all of your answers during this current session.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Show MRMSOLVE.TXT
=================
Choosing this command will display the file called MRMSOLVE.TXT if it exists on the current drive and directory.
This is the file that holds all of your answers during this session. You may view it by holding down the 'Ctrl' key and then striking the 'F1' key. You may print it by doing the same using 'Ctrl-P'.
To close the window after viewing, hold down the 'Alt' key and then strike the 'F3' key or you may click the close window icon in the upper left corner of the window with your mouse. q
If you would like to keep the information that exists in this file you will have to rename it using the Editor.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Bolt Circle
===========
This function will ask you for the diameter of the Bolt Circle and then the number of holes and then the angle of the first hole. Just as in most CAM software, the angle starts at the right side of X zero on the horizontal plane and swings its way counter clock wise until it goes the full 360 degrees. You may insert a negative angle for the first hole if you like. D
When the Bolt Circle function is executed, it writes its answers to a file on your drive called MRMBOLT.TXT. After Mr. Machinist writes the answers to the file it will display it. You can print the MRMBOLT.TXT file at any time by striking, 'Ctrl-F9'. You can view the MRMBOLT.TXT file at any time by striking, 'Ctrl-F8'.
Keep in mind that every time you strike 'Ctrl-F8' and the answer file 'pops' up, it shows you the current state of MRMBOLT.TXT. When your done looking at the file you should close the window by clicking on the close icon or striking 'Alt-F3' or using 'Esc'.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Print Registration Invoice
==========================
This option will check to see if your printer is online and then it will print an invoice so that you can register this software.
For a $49.00 registration fee you will become a registered user of the Mr. Machinist individual program license for use on one computer only. As a registered user you will also have full access to the Mr. Machinist BBS and the Harvest BBS. `
For SITE LICENSE REGISTRATION and other information see the enclosed file called MRMORDER.DOC.
To view the order form before you print it, tap your 'tab' key. That will cause the cursor to shoot down to the first help word which in this case is MRMORDER.DOC. Once the phrase is highlighted you can strike the 'Enter' key to view the document.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
This is the registration order form. Strike 'F9' to print the file called MRMORDER.DOC. C
* Diskette with programs and documentation .............. $49
MULTIPLE USE
* SITE LICENSE for the use of MR. MACHINIST.
(INCLUDES ONE DISKETTE WITH PROGRAMS AND DOCUMENTATION.)
2 to 9 computers ..... at $39 each # computers ___x 39
10 to 24 computers ..... at $30 each # computers ___x 30
25 to 49 computers ..... at $24 each # computers ___x 24
50 to 99 computers ..... at $18 each # computers ___x 18
100 to 199 computers ..... at $14 each # computers ___x 14
200 to 500 computers ..... at $12 each # computers ___x 12
WRITE OR CALL FOR PRICING ON QUANTITIES OVER 500.
Extra program disk & documentation with purchase of
SITE LICENSES OF 2 OR MORE available at $8.00 each. ___x 5
Shipping & Handling (Postal) US & Canada $5.00/item
Outside US & Canada $11.25/item
NEW YORK RESIDENTS add applicable State & County Sales Tax
TOTAL ENCLOSED US FUNDS
US$________
Registered users will receive upgrades for 50% of the current
registration fee and registered site licenses will receive
upgrades for 25% of current registration fees for life.
MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
NOTES and COMMENTS:
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Registration Information
========================
MR. MACHINIST (TM) for MS-DOS
INDIVIDUAL USE
* Diskette with programs and documentation ......... $49.00
SITE LICENSE
============
The following information describes the Mr. Machinist registration fees for use on more than one computer:
Site licenses are available for Mr. Machinist. A site license is needed if Mr. Machinist will be used on more than one computer. The rates of these licenses are as follows:
2 to 9 computers ..... at $39 each
10 to 24 computers ..... at $30 each
25 to 49 computers ..... at $24 each
50 to 99 computers ..... at $18 each
100 to 200 computers ..... at $14 each
200 to 500 computers ..... at $12 each
Write or call for pricing on quantities over 500.
Future enhancements
===================
Job log database
Windows version
News letters (Registered users)
Allan Bremer
134 West Ave. #2
Lockport, NY 14094
(716)434-7823 --> Voice ( Please, Not after 10:00pm )
(716)434-1448 --> Mr. Machinist BBS
(716)433-5524 --> Deep South BBS (14400 24hrs)
If you would like to register Mr. Machinist and this version is older than 6 months then you should call the authors voice phone number just to be sure that he has not relocated. If you still have trouble getting in contact with the author then search for him on Compuserve. His user number is 73113,2206. E
See the file called MRMORDER.DOC for more registration information. ;
Call the BBS to download the latest unregistered version.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Drilling Speeds and Feeds
=========================
This choice will cause a menu to pop up that asks you what material and drill diameter you are using. Strike the F1 help key for a list of the type of materials that you can input into this function.
Insert the type of material that you are drilling and the size of the drill in decimal form. It will then display a dialog box that will give you the Rpm and the minimum and maximum feed rate in inches per minute for each material condition. "
This information will also go to the MRMSOLVE.TXT file on your drive so you may print it out at any time and/or view it. To view the answer file with complete information on all Brinell hardness numbers click on the 'Details' button or hold down the 'Alt' key while striking the 'D' key. o
To print the answer file with complete drill information hold down the 'Ctrl' key while striking the 'P' key.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Drilling Speeds and Feeds
=========================
Insert the type of material that you are calculating for and then insert the drill diameter that you will be using. Type of materials can be numbers or letters: 1212, 1040, 41L40, AMS6421, O1, etc.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Material List
=============
This is a list of materials that
can be input into the Mr. Machinist
Drill Speed and Feed input line.
See the Machinery's Handbook for comparison.
Plain Carbon and Alloy Steels
=============================
Free Machining Plain Carbon Steels
(Resulphurized)
1212, 1213, 1214, 1108, 1109,
1115, 1117, 1118, 1120, 1126,
1211, 1132, 1137, 1139, 1140,
1144, 1146, 1151.
Free Machining Plain Carbon Steels
(Leaded)
11L17, 11L18, 12L13, 12L14
Plain Carbon Steels
1006, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1012, 1015,
1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021,
1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1513,
1514, 1027, 1030, 1033, 1035, 1036,
1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042,
1043, 1045, 1046, 1049, 1050, 1052,
1524, 1526, 1527, 1541, 1055, 1060,
1064, 1065, 1070, 1074, 1078, 1080,
1084, 1086, 1090, 1095, 1548, 1551,
1552, 1561, 1566
Free Machining Alloy Steels
(Resulphurized)
R4140, R4150
Free Machining Alloy Steels
(Leaded)
41L30, 41L40, 41L47, 41L50, 43L47,
51L32, 52L100, 86L20, 86L40
Alloy Steels
4012, 4023, 4024, 4028, 4118, 4120, 4419,
4422, 4427, 4615, 4620, 4621, 4626, 4718,
4720, 4815, 4817, 4820, 5015, 5017, 5020,
6118, 8115, 8615, 8617, 8620, 8622, 8625,
8627, 8620, 8822, 94B17, 1330, 1335, 1340,
1345, 4032, 4037, 4042, 4047, 4130, 4135,
4137, 4140, 4142, 4145, 4147, 4150, 4160,
4337, 4340, 50B44, 50B46, 50B50, 50B60,
5130, 5132, 5140, 5145, 5147, 5150, 5160,
51B60, 6150, 81B45, 8630, 8635, 8637, 8640,
8642, 8645, 8650, 8655, 8660, 8740, 9254,
9255, 9260, 9262, 94B30
Alloy Steels
E51100, E52100
Ultra High Strength Steels (Not AISI)
AMS6424, AMS6421, 98B37, AMS6422, 98BV40,
AMS6427, AMS6428, AMS6430, AMS6432, AMS6433,
AMS6434, AMS6436, AMS6442, 300M, D6AC
Maraging Steels (Not AISI)
(NG means Nickel Grade)
NG200, NG250, NG300, NG350
Nitriding Steels (N means Nitralloy)
N125, N135, N135M, N225, N230, NN, NEZ, NIT1
============================================
Tool Steels
===========
Water Hardening
W1, W2, W5
Shock Resisting
S1, S2, S5, S6, S7
Cold Work, Oil Hardening
O1, O2, O6, O7
Cold Work, High Carbon High Chromium
D2, D3, D4, D5, D7
Cold Work, Air Hardening
A2, A3, A4, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10
Hot Work, Chromium Type
H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H19
Hot Work Tungsten Type
H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26
Hot Work Molybdenum Type
H41, H42, H43
Special Purpose Low Alloy
L2, L3, L6
Mold
P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P20, P21
High-Speed Steel
M1, M2, M4, M6, M7, M10, M30, M33, M34
M36, M41, M42, M43, M44, M46, M47,
M3-1, M3-2, T1, T2, T5, T6, T8, T15
Stainless Steels
================
Free Machining Stainless Steels
(Ferritic)
430F, 430FSE
(Austenitic)
203EZ, 303, 303SE, 303MA, 303PB, 303C11
303PX (303 Plus X)
(Martensitic)
416, 416SE, 416PX (416 Plus X), 420FSE
440F, 440FSE
Stainless Steels
(Ferritic)
405, 409, 429, 430, 434, 436, 442, 446, 502
(Austenitic)
201, 202, 301, 302, 304, 304L, 305, 308
321, 347, 348, 302B, 309, 309S, 310, 310S
314, 316, 316L, 317, 330
(Martensitic)
403, 410, 420, 501, 414, 431
GA (Greek Ascoloy), 440A, 440B, 440C
(Precipitation Hardening)
15-5PH, 17-4PH, 17-7PH, 17-14CM (17-14 Cu Mo)
AF-71, AFC-77, AM-350, AM-355, AM-362
C455 (Custom 455), HNM, PH13-8, PH14-8M
PH15-7M, SW (Stainless W)
Ferrous Cast Metals
===================
Gray Cast Iron
20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60,
1, 1B, 2, 2B, 3, 4NR (4 Ni-Resist)
5NR, 6NR
Malleable Iron
(Ferritic)
32510, 35018
(Pearlitic)
40010, 43010, 45006, 45008, 48005, 50005
(Martensitic)
53004, 60003, 60004, 70002, 70003, 80002
90001
Nodular (Ductile) Iron
(Ferritic)
604018 (60-40-18), 654512 (65-45-12)
(Ferritic-Pearlitic)
805506 (80-55-06),
(Pearlitic-Martensitic)
1007003 (100-70-03)
(Martensitic)
1209002 (120-90-02)
Cast Steels
(Low Carbon)
C1010, C1020
(Medium Carbon)
C1030, C1040, C1050
(Low Carbon Alloy)
C1320, C2315, C2320, C4110, C4120, C4320
C8020, C8620
(Medium Carbon Alloy)
C1330, C1340, C2325, C2330, C4125, C4130
C4140, C4330, C4340, C8030, C80B30, C8040
C8430, C8440, C8630, C8640, C9525, C9530
C9535
Light Metals
============
(All Wrought Aluminum Alloys)
ALUM
(All Alum. Sand and Permanent Mold
Casting Alloys)
ALUMC
(All Alum. Die Casting Alloys)
ALUMD, A390, A392
(All Wrought Magnesium Alloys)
MAGW
(All Cast Magnesium Alloys)
MAGC
Copper Alloys
=============
CA314, CA332, CA340, CA342, CA353, CA356
CA360, CA370, CA377, CA385, CA485, CA544
CA226, CA230, CA240, CA260, CA268, CA280
CA335, CA365, CA368, CA443, CA445, CA651
CA655, CA675, CA687, CA770, CA796, CA102
CA110, CA122, CA170, CA172, CA175, CA210
CA220, CA502, CA510, CA521, CA524, CA614
CA706, CA715, CA745, CA752, CA754, CA757
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Mr. Machinist Text Files
========================
The Mr. Machinist program can create, edit, and delete three different files on your hard drive upon each execution. 0
MRMSOLVE.TXT, MRMDRILL.TXT, and MRMBOLT.TXT.
MRMSOLVE.TXT
============
This is a file that is created and deleted each time the program is executed. It holds all of the answers to each function except drill speeds and feeds and bolt circle calculations. This file can be viewed and printed at any time. Holding down the 'Ctrl' key and then striking 'F1' will let you view this file and holding down the 'Ctrl' key and then striking 'P' will print this file.
MRMDRILL.TXT
============
This is a file that is created only when you choose the drill speed and feed function. It holds all of the answers to the drill speed and feed calculations. This file can be viewed and printed at any time. Holding down the 'Ctrl' key and then striking 'F4' will let you view this file and holding down the 'Ctrl' key and then striking 'T' will print this file.
MRMBOLT.TXT
============
This is a file that is created only when you choose the bolt circle calculation function. It holds all of the answers to the bolt circle calculations. This file can be viewed and printed at any time. Holding down the 'Ctrl' key and then striking 'F8' will let you view this file and holding down the 'Ctrl' key and then striking 'F9' will print this file. =============================================================== o
All of these files get deleted or 'cleaned up' after you exit the program. If you would like to save these files in order to edit them later or have them available for information then you must rename them before you exit the program. You would do this by bringing them up in the editor and choosing the 'Save As' function. If for some reason the files do exist on your drive when you first execute MRM (Mr. Machinist) the program will detect this and ask you if you want to delete them or leave them alone. If you do not delete them then the new information will be appended or 'added' to the already existing files.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Equiangular Spiral
==================
A Spiral is a curve that twists around a fixed position. For any point on this type of spiral, the angle between a tangent line and the line to its origin is the same.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Escribed Circle of a Triangle
=============================
A Circle that is tangent to the side of a triangle and to the other two sides that are extended.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Exponent
========
----> This means 5 x 5. The exponent is the number of times the base number is multiplied by. In this case, 2 is the exponent.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Factor
======
The factor of an integer is also called the divisor of an integer. 45 is a factor of 3510 because 45 * 78 = 3510. To test if an integer is a factor of another integer you divide the integers and then check an see if there is a remainder. If there is a remainder of 0 then the integer is a factor of the other integer.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Broaching
=========
A type of process used in forming symmetrical or irregular, grooves, or slots in machined parts. The broaching process is rapid, accurate and also leaves a good finish. Broaching is usually used to cut keyways, machine round holes to square, hexagonal, or other shapes, forming splined holes, and for a lot of internal operations. Z
These types of tools are usually long shanked and taper to the finished size at the top.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Backup Files
============
Using this option you can choose to create or not to create backup files. Backup files are created with the file extension .BAK by default. M
When you edit a file that exists on your drive, that file is actually in two places: On your disk or drive, and in the RAM of your computer. When you first create a file, it only exists in RAM until you save it to disk. When you save a file to disk or drive for the first time it exists with the name that you chose to give it. Mr. Machinist will create a backup file by default when you save a file that already exists on your disk or drive. You can choose to shut this feature off therefore saving on disk space but loosing the chance to have a file that has not been over written.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Random Access Memory. A memory consisting of a variable number of RAM chips providing access to any storage location point by means of horizontal and vertical co-ordinates. Information may be written into or taken from RAM very rapidly, under computer control.
RAM may be dynamic, i.e. the contents may have to be regularly rewritten (refreshed), or it may be static, in which case the storage cell is a flip-flop element, in one or two stable and electrically alterable states.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Foot Pound
==========
A unit of energy, or work, being equal to the work done in raising one pound against gravity to a height of one foot.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Helix
=====
A spiral. A curve formed on a cylinder by a straight line wrapped around it.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Hexagon
=======
A polygon with 6 sides and 6 angles
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Horsepower
==========
A unit of power equal to a rate of 33,000 footpounds for every minute. (550 footpounds per second)
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Hypotenuse
==========
The side of a right triangle that is opposite the right angle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Inscribed Circle
================
A circle 'inside' of another shape. A circle drawn inside of a right triangle for instance.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Integer
=======
A whole number, no fractions or left overs...just digits.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Interpolate
===========
A term meaning to insert between other things or parts. There is also another meaning which says interpolation is a method or process that determines the value for an angle in degrees, minutes, AND seconds. Interpolation is usually needed when figuring out exact distances.
When a CNC is interpolating a circle, the CNC is mathematically figuring out angles in order to make many straight lines appear to be curved.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Involute
========
A curve traced by any point of a perfectly flexible inextensible thread kept taut as it is wound upon or unwound from another curve.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Mean
====
A value that lies within a certain range of other values and is computed according to a prescribed law.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Oblique Triangle
================
A triangle containing angles that are not multiples of 90 degrees. An oblique Triangle also has no right angles.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Obtuse Angle
============
An angle that is between 90 and 180 degrees.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Octagon
=======
A polygon with 8 sides.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Parallelogram
=============
A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Quadrilateral
=============
A polygon with 4 sides
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Pentagon
========
A polygon with 5 sides.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Polar Coordinates
=================
A way of locating a point or points from a fixed point.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Polygon
=======
A shape with many line segments that are all connected.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Polyhedron
==========
A closed shape that has a finite number of planes.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Pythagoras Theorem
==================
(c is length of hypotenuse, a and b are other sides.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Alloy
=====
A metal produced by combining two or more other metals through a heating or melting process.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Anvil
=====
A heavy iron block on which metal is pounded or shaped.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Ammeter
=======
An instrument used to measure electrical current.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Boiler
======
The part of a steam generator in which water is converted to steam.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Brazing
=======
A method using high temperatures to solder of unite metals made of iron.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Brake
=====
A machine used for bending sheet metal.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Calibration
===========
Setting a measuring device to predetermined specifications.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Casting
=======
A part formed by pouring hot metal into a mold. After the part has cooled and hardened, the casting is removed from the mold.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Condenser
=========
Part of a machine that collects a medium (liquid, gas) and changes it from one form to another.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Crane
=====
A machine used for raising, shifting, and lowering heavy weights.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Digital programmable, logic controllers
=======================================
Computerized systems for controlling the operation of a machine.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
A steel form used to shape materials into a desired form.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Dowel pin
=========
A metal or wooden pin which is fitted into a hole in a machine surface to prevent slippage between two joined pieces of material or machinery. Dowels are also used as guide pins for maintaining proper alignment when reassembling parts.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Evaporator
==========
A device that absorbs or gets rid of heat by changing liquid to gas.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Extrusion press
===============
A machine which shapes metal by forcing or pressing the metal through a die.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Fastener
========
An object or material used to connect, bond, link or tie materials together.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Fixture
=======
A device used to position parts in place so that they may be machined, attached or assembled by a machine.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Flask
=====
A frame that holds molding sand used to make castings.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Forging Press
=============
A machine that shapes metal by heating and hammering.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Gauge
=====
A measuring device used to check accuracy.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Grinder
=======
A machine used to remove metal in order to polish or sharpen a material.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Hoist
=====
An apparatus that is used to lift heavy materials.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Hydraulic
=========
A system that is operated by a fluid.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
A device that holds parts in certain positions so they can be machined.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Jointer
=======
A tool that squares up materials so they can be assembled accurately.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Journeyman
==========
Someone who has learned a skilled trade.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Lathe
=====
A machine used to remove metal by rotating the work and cutting the work with stationary tools.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Metallurgy
==========
The science of studying the properties and composition of metals.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Micrometer
==========
An instrument that is used for making precise linear measurements.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Milling machine
===============
A machine that removes material by rotating a spindle in the vertical or horizontal position and the work piece is stationary.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Molten
======
A material that is liquefied by high temperatures.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Oscilloscope
============
An instrument that measures voltage by producing wave patterns on a screen.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Planer
======
A tool that smooths and shapes the surface or an object.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Plumb bob (Plumb line)
======================
A line that is used to measure, by sight, a true vertical plane.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Power Threader
==============
A machine used to cut threads on a cylindrical material.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Pneumatic
=========
A system that is powered by air pressure.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Prototype
=========
Something that has never been made before.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Protractor
==========
An instrument that measures angles.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Rigging
=======
Moving very heavy objects by ropes, lines, chains or block and tackle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Robotics
========
Automated machines that do work that humans used to do.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Router
======
A machine that cuts grooves, furrows or pockets in a material.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Schematic drawings
==================
Diagrams which detail the electrical parts and pattern of an object or machine.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Scriber
=======
A hardened tool that is used to make visual lines in a part in order to confirm measurements and cuts.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Shaper
======
A machine that removes metal from the surface of a material.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Soldering
=========
The use of a melted metal alloy of lead and tin to join the same or different materials together.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Steam turbines
==============
Engines that are operated and powered by steam.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Square
======
An instrument shaped like an 'L' with precise machined edges used to check right angles.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Voltmeter
=========
An instrument that checks the amplitude of electrical potential in a circuit.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Quadrant
========
An arc that's 90 degrees of the corner of a circle. There are four quadrants to a circle.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Radian
======
Angular measurement that is equal to the angle at the center of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the radius.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Subtend
=======
To extend under or to be opposite to.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Ridgid Tapping
==============
A process of tapping with a CNC machine that involves the use of a tap in a tool holder that is stationary and without movement. Some tapping involves the use off spring loaded tool holders that 'take up the slack' but are not as controllable as ridgid tapping.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Scalene Triangle
================
A triangle that has the sides and angles unequal.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Symmetry
========
One side is the same as the other. The left side of the part is the same as the right. Balanced proportions.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Tangent
=======
Touching at a single point.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Remove
Sequence
Numbers
Insert
Sequence
Numbers
Split
Large
Files
Remove/Insert
Spaces
N Sequence Numbers
==================
A sequence number is usually the first word that appears in a block or sentence of a text file for CNC machines. There are two main reasons behind a sequence number. K
1) Lets the operator know which line the machine is currently processing. E
2) Provides the operator a way to search or find a particular line.
These sequence numbers usually go to four digits and begin with an N. The very first line of a CNC program or 'text file' always begins with an O on the CNC machine but not always in a file on a personal computer. B
Here is an example of a G and M code file with sequence numbers:
:0203 (05-07-93)
N0005 (ARM-ROCKER)
N0010 (123456 JOB#1234)
N0015 G00 G17 G40 G49 G80
N0020 G30 G91 Z0
N0025 T01M6
N0030 (.625 EMILL)
N0035 G55 G90 G00 X-.65 Y0.0
N0040 S1800 M03
N0045 G43 Z1. H12
N0050 M08
N0055 Z.1
N0060 G01 Z-.031 F20.0
N0065 X.65 F5.0
etc, etc,.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Remove
Sequence
Numbers
Insert
Sequence
Numbers
Split
Large
Files
Spaces in 'G' Coded Text Files
==============================
A 'G' coded text file can have spaces seperating 'words' or it may not. Some people prefer to save disk space by eliminating spaces in 'G' coded files. When the CNC accepts the text file in its processor it automatically formats it wether there are spaces in the file or not.
When you sequence or un-sequence a file in Mr. Machinist you have the option to have the end result spaced, not spaced or as is. The 'As is' option, shown by the letter 'a' in (y/n/a), will sequence or un-sequence the file and only insert or remove the 'N' numbers and do nothing with every thing else. The 'y' option will insert spaces between all 'words' and the 'n' option will remove all spaces.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Remove
Sequence
Numbers
Insert
Sequence
Numbers
Split
Large
Files
Remove/Insert
Spaces
Clear Your CNC's Memory
=======================
Some machine shops have to download there CNC files to a personal computer in an office some where. Many shops now are supplying there workers with computers right on there bench near there machine. As a CNC's control gets filled with programs it can become full and cause the operator to have to download one or more programs to make memory enough for the current program to load.
Many CNC controls offer a function that lets them download ALL files in the CNC's memory to ONE file on the personal computer. This is the fastest method of clearing the CNC memory. There is just one big problem that people face when they have this huge file on there computer with many programs all in one file! They have to manually cut and paste to get even one program back to the CNC. d
Mr. Machinist has a one of a kind function in it that can 'split' a large file that has been downloaded from a CNC. The purpose of this function is to rewrite ALL of the individual programs to seperate files on the personal computer and they are named by there four digit program number just as they were on the CNC with an additional extension of .TXT.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Remove
Sequence
Numbers
Insert
Sequence
Numbers
Remove/Insert
Spaces
Split
=====
The main purpose of this function is to 'split' a large text file that was downloaded to a personal computer by a CNC machine into all of the original seperate programs. You would have to manually cut and paste using an editor to do this if you did not have this function to work with and that would take a lot of time and money!
Mr. Machinist will ask you for the file name of the large text file and then it will look for the first occurance of a line that starts with a ':'. Once it finds the colon Mr. Machinist will get the next four digits and add an extension of .TXT to it and give the new file the proper program number. It will then begin to copy every line after the colon to the new file until it reaches a blank line.
Once a blank line is encountered the program will look for the next occurance of a ':' which should be the next line. At that time the same process occurs until every file is written to the specified directory.
If the file name should exist in the directory already then a message box will appear letting you know that the file does exist. This information will also be sent to the MRMSOLVE.TXT answer file. You will have to delete the file that exist in order to rewrite it. z
After this process is complete, the original large file will still remain for you to decide what you want to do with it. %
One little note:
================
A good CNC programmer should know a lot about DOS. Read manuals carefully and study to show thyself approved!
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Insert
Sequence
Numbers
Split
Large
Files
Remove/Insert
Spaces
N Sequence Number Removal
=========================
Hot Key = Ctrl-U
The Mr. Machinist program has a function in it that can remove N sequence numbers from a CNC text file on your computer. You will be asked for the name of the directory and file that you want the N numbers removed from and the new file name. If the new file exists on your drive you will be shown an error box and then you will start the process over. If the new file name is the same as the old file name you will be prompted to verify the write over procedure.
It is advisable to give the file name a different name so you can view the way it was un-sequenced and not be afraid of loosing the old one.
After you have insert the 'Source' and the 'Destination' file names you will see, 'Spaces? (y/n/a)'. If you input 'y' then the final output will contain spaces between 'words'. If you input 'n' your final output will not have spaces between words and if you input 'a' for the 'as is' function then nothing will be done to the final output except for the sequencing or the un-sequencing. l
The removal function will un-sequence every line except lines that do not have N sequence numbers in them.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Remove
Sequence
Numbers
Split
Large
Files
Remove/Insert
Spaces
N Sequence Number Insertion
===========================
The Mr. Machinist program has a function in it that can insert N sequence numbers into an un-sequenced G and M code file on the personal computer.
If there are already scrambled sequence numbers in the file it would be wise to remove the sequence numbers using the remove function and then re-sequence the file using this function. d
To Insert Sequence Numbers into a File
======================================
Hot Key = Ctrl-F3
You must first insert the path and the file name to work on. Next, insert the destination file that you will be creating. If it all ready exist you will not be able to use the file name unless you delete the old name. Next you must insert the starting 'N' number. Then insert the increment number which must be 10 or under. The last choice will have to do with spaces or no spaces or leave the file as is. If you want spaces between 'words' then choose 'y', if you do not want spaces in the file choose 'n', and if you want to leave the file as is then choose 'a'.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Pin in a Diamond
================
This function will give you the diameter of a circle within a symmetrical four sided shape with square corners.
ENTER
Screen Tab to Select
Pin in a Diamond
================
This function will give you the diameter of a circle within a symmetrical four sided shape with square corners.
One way to check a part with a diamond shape cut in it is with gauge pins. Input the low end of your tolerance and the high end and then you'll have the go and no-go size.
(.txt)