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1993-09-06
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SAPTrack Version 1.0
By Justin Jones
(C) 1993 RealTech Systems Corporation
Network Analysis Utilities
INTRODUCTION
SAPTrack is a network analysis utility that provides
continuous monitoring of Novell SAP (Service Advertisement
Protocol) and RIP (Routing Information Protocol) broadcasts,
with the following features:
Identifies all advertised services and networks.
SAP and RIP broadcast packets decoded, analyzed, and
displayed in real time.
Quick identification of warning and alarm conditions by
color code.
Fast and friendly text-based windowing user interface.
Sorting of statistics tables by hop count, address,
service name, service type, and other fields.
Does not rely on file server binderies - all information
and statistics are collected directly from broadcasts.
Completely passive - SAPTrack does not transmit packets
and does not effect the network.
SAPTrack was developed to trouble shoot a problem with
disappearing services and routes on a large internetwork.
It is a useful tool for network administrators, engineers,
and programmers. Use it to monitor, debug, and better
understand your network.
You are free to copy and distribute SAPTrack v1.0 by any
means you can think of.
UNDERSTANDING SAPs and RIPs
Novell file servers, print servers, and other network
resources normally advertise their presence every 60 seconds
via a SAP broadcast packet. The packet contains the name
and address of the service, as well as the number of router
hops between the service and the current network.
Novell file servers and routers keep track of all known
services and periodically advertise them to other networks.
On a NetWare 386 File Server, the information is maintained
in the bindery. It can be viewed by typing "DISPLAY
SERVERS" at the console. It can also be inspected on Cisco
Systems router by entering the command "SHOW NOVELL SERVERS"
at the console.
As servers and routers learn about services on one segment
they will advertise them on the other segments they are
directly attached to. A service advertised on any segment
of an internetwork will eventually be advertised by all
servers and routers across the internetwork.
RIP broadcasts also occur in 60 second intervals and
propagate though an internetwork in the same fashion. There
purpose is to advertise network addresses. Routing tables
are built from the broadcasts.
Every time a SAP or RIP is forwarded by a router the hop
count is incremented by 1. Services are only forwarded a
maximum of 15 hops. A hop count of 16 serves a special
purpose. It is used to "unadvertise" a service or network
that has become unavailable. A NetWare 386 file server will
unadvertise services and routes when the "RESET ROUTER"
command is given at he console, after which it will re-learn
them.
Type "TRACK ON" at a NetWare console to view the view SAP
and RIP packets received and transmitted by the file server.
Note that a NetWare servers will transmit one SAP for each
frame type.
USING SAPTrack
SAPTrack consists of a single executable. The only
requirement is for IPX to be loaded (IPX.COM or IPXODI.EXE).
Neither SPX or NETX is necessary, but it is a good idea to
have a mouse driver loaded. There are no command line
parameters - just type "SAPTRACK" and go. The interface is
very intuitive and all options are available from the pull
down menus.
When SAPTrack starts, the statistics windows are open.
Updating the packet and log windows steal mucho CPU cycles,
so keeping them open on a slow machine or very busy network
may result in packets being dropped. It is therefore
recommended that these windows remain closed when not being
viewed.
Statistics Window
The SAP and RIP statistics windows are open when the
application starts. One entry appears in each table for
each service and each network. The tables are updated every
time a SAP or RIP broadcast is received, even when the
window is closed. Following is an explanation of the
various columns in the statistics window:
COUNT - Indicates the position of the entry in the
table.
AGE - Indicates how many seconds have passed since
a service or network has been advertised. Stable
entries are green, but turn yellow when the age
passes 65 seconds, and red after 125 seconds.
Unadvertised services will turn gray.
INT - The time interval, in seconds, between the
previous two updates received.
TYPE - Indicates the service type. Values between
0000h and 8000h are reserved. The following well-
known types have been defined by Novell:
Wild FFFFh
Unknown 0000h
Print queue 0003h
NetWare Server 0004h
Job Server 0005h
Print Server 0007h
Archive Server 0009h
Remote Bridge Server 0024h
Advertising Print Server 0047h
HOPS - The number of router hops away the service
or network is.
INTERNETWORK ADDRESS - The service address.
NAME - The service name.
TICKS - The number of clock ticks away the network
is.
Log Window
The log windows displays SAP and RIP advertisements as they
arrive. The newest arrival are added at the end. The logs
scrolls upward when maximum number of entries is reached.
Entries with hop counts greater than 15 are automatically
grayed.
Packet Window
The packet windows displays the contents of the most recent
SAP and RIP packets. Notice that each packet contains
multiple entries.
ABOUT REALTECH
RealTech Systems Corporation is a systems integrator
providing LAN and WAN solutions to the North East. For
information call 800-800-0210.
DISCLAIMER
This software is provided "as is" with no express or implied
warrantees. Neither RealTech Systems Corporation or the
author is responsible for any damage resulting from the use
of SAPTrack. However, we take all credit for any success
achieved with this software.