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1992-09-02
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Tyrannosaurus
TIME: Late Cretaceous
LOCALITY: North America (Alberta, Montana,
Saskatchewan, Texas and Wyoming)
and Asia (Mongolia)
SIZE: up to 49 ft/15 m long
The most terrifying engine of destruction
ever to walk the earth" sums up the popular
notion of this awesome theropod. It was the
largest of the carnosaur dinosaurs, and
certainly the largest terrestrial carnivore
yet known. On average, Tyrannosaurus was
39 ft/12 m long, up to 20 ft/6 m tall, and
weighed about 8 US tons/7 tonnes (heavier
than a modern, adult African bull elephant).
Its head alone was over 4 ft/1.25 m long,
and was armed with numerous fangs, each
measuring some 6 in/15 cm in length. No
complete skeleton of Tyrannosaurus has yet
been found, although innumerable bones and
teeth have surfaced since it was first
discovered in the western USA in 1902.
Early reconstructions were often
inaccurate; mounted skeletons show the animal
propped up on a whiplike tail, its body
sloping backward at an angle of 45 deg. Since
the discoveries of complete tyrannosaur
skeletons, such as those of Tarbosaurus in
Mongolia, paleontologists now have a more
accurate idea of the stance of these
dinosaurs.The popular notion, that
Tyrannosaurus was the most fearsome predator
of the Cretaceous, was investigated during
the 1960s, with particular attention paid to
the structure of the animal's hips and legs.
The indications were that Tyrannosaurus may
have been no more than a slow-moving
scavenger, only able to take small, mincing
steps and commandeering the carcasses killed
by other predators.However, this view has
since been revised by some paleontologists,
who believe that the purpose of the unusually
wide area of the skull behind the eyes was to
anchor extremely powerful jaw muscles. Taken
together with other features--such as the
robust, saw-edged teeth; the strong, flexible
neck; the large areas of the brain that were
associated with the senses of sight and
smell; and the possibility of binocular
vision--the findings argue in favor of an
active, predatory lifestyle.It is surmised
that Tyrannosaurus' diet could have consisted
primarily of the duckbilled dinosaurs, or
hadrosaurs, that browsed in the hardwood
forests of North America. These animals lived
in herds, and were always on the alert,
sprinting away on 2 legs when danger
threatened. So it is likely that
Tyrannosaurus hid among the trees, to ambush
its prey. It would have leapt out on a
passing victim in a short burst of speed.
Charging with mouth open wide, the force of
the impact would have been absorbed by its
strong teeth, sturdy skull and powerful neck.
Subject by: Russell Webb