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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!galois!riesz!jbaez
- From: jbaez@riesz.mit.edu (John C. Baez)
- Subject: Re: Defining local, causal etc., was: Hidden variable theories
- Message-ID: <1992Sep14.195331.3379@galois.mit.edu>
- Sender: news@galois.mit.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: riesz
- Organization: MIT Department of Mathematics, Cambridge, MA
- References: <1992Sep5.071519.16554@asl.dl.nec.com> <1992Sep13.060538.19628@galois.mit.edu> <279@mtnmath.UUCP>
- Date: Mon, 14 Sep 92 19:53:31 GMT
- Lines: 129
-
- paul@mtnmath.UUCP (Paul Budnik) writes:
- In article <1992Sep13.060538.19628@galois.mit.edu>, jbaez@riesz.mit.edu
- (John C. Baez) writes:
-
- >Any definition of these properties based on probabilistic models,
- >including the diamond property you described, *cannot* be mathematically
- >rigorous because there is no rigorous mathematical definition of a
- >random sequence. There is reason to believe that no such definition is
- >possible.
-
- Hmm, this is a big tangent, but are you aware of Chaitin's definition
- of algorithmically random sequences? To my mind it's a perfectly fine
- mathematically rigorous definition of a random sequence. Check out
- his book.
-
- I will not get into another argument about *this*, I'm tired out, and
- I don't think it has anything to do with the point I was trying to
- make, I just offer it in case you are interested in this subject and
- didn't know of Chaitin's work.
-
- >A theory is local iff the future state at a given point
- >is determined by the previous state in a local region surrounding this point.
- >In a continuous theory the size of this region must go to zero as
- >the time between states goes to zero.
-
- Good, at last! Now if you use the usual definition of "state" in
- quantum theory, that is, a unit vector in a Hilbert space, or (better)
- density matrix on a Hilbert space, or (better) normalized positive
- linear functional on a C*-algebra, quantum field theories ARE required
- to be causal according to the definition you offer! This is, in fact,
- almost exactly the diamond property (which also specifies how big a
- local region you need).
-
- I know that now you and Daryl and others will pounce on me, saying
- that I am being seduced by mathematical formalism, and that I am
- ignoring how observations "collapse the wave function" or do
- something, at any rate, different than unitary time evolution. I will
- not respond to such pouncing since this is an argument that I have
- already engaged in to my heart's content.
-
- >> Now it is true in quantum field theory that if Sam repeatedly makes a
- >> pair of photons, sends one on to me for experimentation and plays around with
- >> the other himself, and later on Sam and I compare notes, we can get results
- >> that aren't consistent with classical mechanics and causality. To be precise,
- >> they can violate Bell's inequality. Of course, this is no big surprise,
- >> really, since classical mechanics is wrong! :-) We do NOT - at least,
- >> nobody ever has - get results that violate the diamond property.
-
- >And no one has gotten results that violate Bell's inequality either, because
- >no one has shown that the correlated events have a space-like separation.
-
- Yes, that's why I said "in theory".
-
- >Well it is not surprising that classical mechanics is wrong, it will be
- >extraordinary if Bell's inequality is violated.
-
- I think it will be extraordinary if it isn't, but I think we can agree
- that it will be interesting either way.
-
- >Do you see any problem in applying the Oxford dictionary of influence
- >to classical mechanics in the way I just described? Do you not think that
- >in applying the word to quantum mechanics one should make the definition
- >consistent with how it is used in classical mechanics if this is possible?
-
- See above. I believe the use of "causal" in QFT is the obvious
- application of your definition to the case when a state is modelled as
- it is in quantum theory. In quantum field theory, the future state at a given
- point is determined by the previous state in a local region surrounding
- this point. I think your objection may really be an objection to how
- I use the word "state" (see above for how I do).
-
- >But you believe in a model that has the same experimentally detectable
- >consequences. What are your objective reasons for preferring this model
- >to one in which collapse is an objective Lorentz invariant process?
-
- Is there a model of the latter sort which makes the verified
- predictions of standard quantum field theory? Does it make any
- verified predictions not made by standard quantum field theory? If
- the answer to the first question is "yes" and the second is "no", we
- will just have to wait for them to do better tests of Bell's inequality.
-
- >> >I will be happy to bet you $50 that by the year 2005 there will be
- >> >substantial experimental evidence that that the correlated events
- >> >observed in tests of Bell's do not have a space-like separation.
-
- >>Why such a subtly phrased bet? Why don't you come out and bet that there will
- >>be substantial experimental evidence that Bell's equality HOLDS
- >>whenever the events are spacelike separated?
- >>I would be glad to bet $50 that the preponderance of tests of Bell's inequality
- >>up to year X (you name it) will show that it is VIOLATED. Name a year
- >>by which you think they will have done the experiment right, so that
- >>the events are really spacelike separated.
-
- >The problem with your wording is that I do not think any tests have shown
- >that it is violated.
-
- I agree. Neither of us would win my bet today. What's the problem?
-
- >All the experimental evidence to date is that it holds.
-
- Come on now, according to you there is simply no evidence either way,
- since nobody has gotten things to be spacelike separated.
-
- >Experimental results consistent with quantum mechanics are not the same
- >thing as experimental results against Bell's inequality, unless you have
- >more faith in existing formulations of quantum mechanics then you do in
- >locality.
-
- I do, as a matter of fact, if we mean "locality" in one of your senses.
- But I would just say that there is no good experimental evidence
- either way. Here I am simply trusting your word, by the way; I
- haven't looked at the literature.
-
- >This is a matter of judgement or religion and not a good basis
- >for deciding a wager. You need to show the events are space-like separated
- >by direct measurement, if you want to claim you have evidence against Bell's
- >inequality. By your definition and my reasoning I could name the year 1992
- >and would almost certainly win the bet.
-
- >Why do you object to my wording?
-
- Because I don't want to bet on the competence of experimenters. I
- don't want to lose the bet just because by 2005 nobody has gotten
- around to doing a decent test of Bell's inequality that ensures
- spacelike separation. I want to have a bet such that, WHEN they
- finally get around to doing the experiment RIGHT, I win if Bell's
- inequality is violated, and you win if it holds.
-
-
-