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- Path: sparky!uunet!olivea!sgigate!sgi!cdp!nec
- From: nec@igc.apc.org (Northcoast Environmental Center)
- Newsgroups: sci.environment
- Subject: IPS: Breast-feeding as contraceptiv
- Message-ID: <1466602003@igc.apc.org>
- Date: 15 Dec 92 06:29:00 GMT
- Sender: Notesfile to Usenet Gateway <notes@igc.apc.org>
- Lines: 105
- Nf-ID: #N:cdp:1466602003:000:4666
- Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!nec Dec 14 22:29:00 1992
-
-
- /* Written 12:16 am Dec 6, 1992 by newsdesk@igc.apc.org in igc:ips.englibrary */
- /* ---------- "POPULATION: Breast-feeding as contr" ---------- */
- Copyright Inter Press Service 1992, all rights reserved. Permission to re-
- print within 7 days of original date only with permission from 'newsdesk'.
-
- Title: POPULATION: Breast-feeding as contraceptive -- good and bad news
-
-
- new york, dec 4 (ips) -- performed correctly, breast-feeding can
- provide 98 percent protection against pregnancy for at least six
- months after a mother gives birth, according to the u.s.-based
- research organisation, family health international (fhi).
-
- but the recent report by fhi which says that new studies firmly
- establish the ''natural'' contraceptive effect of breast-feeding,
- also warns of evidence that ''breast-feeding may play a more
- significant role'' in transmission of the human immunodeficiency
- virus (hiv) than previously thought.
-
- but the report in fhi's magazine 'network' says scientists and
- policy-makers have not reached a consensus on how much breast-
- feeding enhances the chances of transmission of the aids-causing
- virus. neither have they agreed on the kind of infant feeding
- health-care workers should recommend to mothers infected with the
- virus or to those living in areas with high hiv prevalence rates.
-
- the report does note, though, that experts tend to agree that
- the ''greatest danger of transmission through breast milk occurs
- with women who receive massive doses of infected blood during
- delivery, and those who have advanced symptoms of hiv infection or
- (the) acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids).''
-
- dr margaret oxtoby of the u.s. centers for disease control says
- ''it is harder to transmit the virus through breast milk than
- through blood or delivery, but there is some risk of
- transmission''.
-
- in any event, according to the fhi, breast-feeding remains one
- of the most important, economical and safe sources of nutrition
- for infants while providing babies with anti-bodies against a host
- of diseases.
-
- further, substituting formula for breast milk can create health
- hazards, most gravely, the risk of disease and death from the
- dilution of formula with contaminated water, says the north
- carolina-based fhi.
-
- the use of breast-feeding as a family planning method -- known
- medically as the ''lactational amenorrhea method'' (lam) -- was
- formally adopted by family planning experts at a meeting in
- bellagio, italy, in 1988.
-
- in order for lam to work, the report notes that mothers need to
- be ''fully or nearly fully'' breast-feeding, and that the method
- is assured only until one of three things happens: the mother's
- menstrual period resumes, she begins feeding her infant a
- significant amount of food other than breast milk, or a period of
- six months has passed since the birth of the child. (more/ips)
-
- population: breast-feeding as contraceptive -- good and bad news(2-e)
-
- population: breast-feeding (2)
-
- breast-feeding suppresses fertility because nipple stimulation
- affects a hormone that controls ovulation.
-
- but scientists are split on how important are two criteria --
- frequent breast-feeding and a delayed introduction of food
- supplements -- for lam to work as an effective contraception
- method.
-
- dr roger short of australia's monash university says that a
- 1991 study among 142 breast-feeding women found that the
- introduction of food supplements made little difference in
- contraceptive effectiveness.
-
- and kathy kennedy, co-author of the bellagio statement and fhi
- researcher, says ''the original bellagio guideline that women must
- be fully breast-feeding seems to be the least important feature of
- the lam.''
-
- dr ronald gray of the united states' prestigious johns hopkins
- school of hygiene and public health, notes that after the first
- six months following birth, lam ''requires an average of 15 or
- more breast-feeds per day, with each suckling episode lasting an
- average of 10 or more minutes, and with supplements limited to
- less than 10 percent of the infants' feeds.''
-
- few women, he adds, are able to maintain this demanding
- schedule.
-
- an fhi analysis of data from nine countries has found that 94
- percent of women were found to be protected by amenorrhea alone
- even one year after giving birth.
-
- the report points out that while breast feeding is well known
- for its nutritional benefits for the child, its promotion as a
- contraceptive method ''is generally not a priority for medical
- staffs in many hospitals.''
-
- in addition, some experts think promoting lam as an alternative
- to modern methods is ''not realistic'', and argue that ''breast-
- feeding is best promoted for feeding babies, not preventing
- them.'' (end/ips/jd/yjc/92)
-