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- From: kqb@cbnewsl.cb.att.com (kevin.q.brown)
- Subject: Re: The "Life Force" Argument
- Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories
- Date: Fri, 31 Jul 1992 15:56:54 GMT
- Message-ID: <1992Jul31.155654.25061@cbnewsl.cb.att.com>
- References: <1992Jul29.170705.5631@cbnewsl.cb.att.com> <1992Jul30.161405.21304@cbnewsl.cb.att.com>
- Lines: 58
-
- ------------------------ Forwarded Message ------------------------
-
- From: more%nunki.usc.edu@usc.edu (Max More)
- Message-Subject: Re: Life force and faith
- Date: Wed, 29 Jul 92 23:51:14 PDT
-
- I disagree with Charles Platt on the matter of materialism vs vitalism and
- articles of faith, though the disagreement is probably mostly verbal.
- I don't think we should say that our materialist view of life processes is
- an article of faith, in the same way as is a belief in vitalism. To say
- this implies that materialism and vitalism are equally reasonable, or
- unreasonable.
-
- I agree that the materialist view of the world has not been proven to
- be true, but I deny that this makes it a matter of faith. At least since
- philosopher of science Karl Popper [see The Logic of Scientific Discovery, and
- Conjectures and Refutations] it has been clear than scientific theories can
- never truly prove anything conclusively. As Charles pointed out, Newtonian
- physics seemed to explain everything for a while (actually I doubt that's
- really true). Going further back, the positing of a substance called caloric
- seemed to account nicely for heat - its transfer and conservation. However,
- no one now believes that caloric exists, because a vastly more powerful
- theory came along - thermodynamics. Scientific theories differ frm dogma and
- faith in that they are open to refutation. It is a strength of a theory
- if it is obvious that there are many ways of testing it, but few sets of
- circumstances compatible with its truth. The more testable possibilities a
- theory excludes the better. But faith is resistant to refutation... it will
- twist itself to become compatible with anything. ("Ah yes, but God put the
- fossils there to test our faith.")
-
- Yet, despite scientific theories not conclusively proving anything,
- our reliance on them (but not our blind, unquestioning belief in them) is
- reasonable, and not a matter of faith. Here I am using "faith" to mean
- "belief in something in the absence of, or contrary to the evidence". Belief
- in vitalism (or dualism, if we're talking primarily about consiousness) is
- a matter of faith; belief in (using a working model of) materialism is not.
-
- Why the difference? Because vitalism is a superfluous hypothesis.
- Good old Occam's Razor tells us "Do not multiply entities beyond what is
- strictly necessary to explain the phenomena." The materialist posits only
- one kind of stuff - matter, whereas the vitalist posits two. This would not be
- a count against vitalism if it could explain phenomena that were inexplicable
- in materialist terms. But it cannot. I'm sure, in this crowd, I don't need to
- go into the many phenomena that materialism can explain. By contrast, what
- can the vitalist tell us about vital essence? Can he tell us anything
- about its internal constitution? Of the elements that make it up? Can he
- tell us of the laws governing its operation? Of its method of interaction
- with biological material? Can he explain its methods of operation? Or how
- it explains illnesses, aging, or development?
-
- Besides this, all the evidence suggests that humans have evolved from
- simpler forms. We see no evidence of vital essence in these simpler
- lifeforms,and can increasingly explain their natures in purely materialist
- terms. Why should we believe that humans are different in this respect?
-
- Max More more@usc.edu
- Editor
- EXTROPY: The Journal of Transhumanist Thought
-