Multimedia Mania/abacus-multimedia-mania.iso/dp/0139/01399.txt

Text File | 1993-07-27 | 12KB | 201 lines

$Unique_ID{bob01399}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Life On The Mississippi
Chapter XXXIX}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Twain, Mark}
$Affiliation{}
$Subject{natchez
ice
now
butter
can't
cincinnati
new
orleans
get
river}
$Date{1917}
$Log{}
Title:       Life On The Mississippi
Author:      Twain, Mark
Date:        1917

Chapter XXXIX

Manufactures And Miscreants

     Where the river, in the Vicksburg region, used to be corkscrewed, it is
now comparatively straight - made so by cut-off; a former distance of seventy
miles is reduced to thirty-five.  It is a change which threw Vicksburg's
neighbor, Delta, Louisiana, out into the country and ended its career as a
river town.  Its whole river-frontage is now occupied by a vast sand-bar,
thickly covered with young trees - a growth which will magnify itself into a
dense forest, by and by, and completely hide the exiled town.

     In due time we passed Grand Gulf and Rodney, of war fame, and reached
Natchez, the last of the beautiful hill-cities - for Baton Rouge, yet to come,
is not on a hill, but only on high ground.  Famous Natchez- under-the-hill has
not changed notably in twenty years; in outward aspect - judging by the
descriptions of the ancient procession of foreign tourists - it has not
changed in sixty; for it is still small, straggling, and shabby.  It had a
desperate reputation, morally, in the old keelboating and early steamboating
times - plenty of drinking, carrousing, fisticuffing, and killing there, among
the riffraff of the river, in those days.  But Natchez-on-top-of-the-hill is
attractive; has always been attractive.  Even Mrs. Trollope (1827) had to
confess its charms:

     At one or two points the wearisome level line is relieved by bluffs, as
they call the short intervals of high ground.  The town of Natchez is
beautifully situated on one of those high spots.  The contrast that its bright
green hill forms with the dismal line of black forest that stretches on every
side, the abundant growth of the pawpaw, palmetto, and orange, the copious
variety of sweet-scented flowers that flourish there, all make it appear like
an oasis in the desert.  Natchez is the furthest point to the north at which
oranges ripen in the open air, or endure the winter without shelter.  With the
exception of this sweet spot, I thought all the little towns and villages we
passed wretched-looking in the extreme.

     Natchez, like her near and far river neighbors, has railways now, and is
adding to them - pushing them hither and thither into all rich outlying
regions that are naturally tributary to her.  And like Vicksburg and New
Orleans, she has her ice factory; she makes thirty tons of ice a day.  In
Vicksburg and Natchez, in my time, ice was jewelry; none but the rich could
wear it.  But anybody and everybody can have it now.  I visited one of the ice
factories in New Orleans, to see what the polar regions might look like when
lugged into the edge of the tropics.  But there was nothing striking in the
aspect of the place.  It was merely a spacious house, with some innocent steam
machinery in one end of it and some big porcelain pipes running here and
there.  No, not porcelain - they merely seemed to be; they were iron, but the
ammonia which was being breathed through them had coated them to the thickness
of your hand with solid milk-white ice.  It ought to have melted; for one did
not require winter clothing in that atmosphere: but it did not melt; the
inside of the pipe was too cold.

     Sunk into the floor were numberless tin boxes, a foot square and two feet
long, and open at the top end.  These were full of clear water; and around
each box, salt and other proper stuff was packed; also, the ammonia gases were
applied to the water in some way which will always remain a secret to me,
because I was not able to understand the process. While the water in the boxes
gradually froze, men gave it a stir or two with a stick occasionally - to
liberate the air-bubbles, I think.  Other men were continually lifting out
boxes whose contents had become hard frozen.  They gave the box a single dip
into a vat of boiling water, to melt the block of ice free from its tin
coffin, then they shot the block out upon a platform car, and it was ready for
market.  These big blocks were hard, solid, and crystal-clear.  In certain of
them, big bouquets of fresh and brilliant tropical flowers had been frozen in;
in others, beautiful silken-clad French dolls, and other pretty objects.
These blocks were to be set on end in a platter, in the center of dinner-
tables, to cool the tropical air; and also to be ornamental, for the flowers
and things imprisoned in them could be seen as through plate glass.  I was
told that this factory could retail its ice, by wagon, throughout New Orleans,
in the humblest dwelling-house quantities, at six or seven dollars a ton, and
make a sufficient profit.  This being the case, there is business for ice
factories in the North; for we get ice on no such terms there, if one take
less than three hundred and fifty pounds at a delivery.

     The Rosalie Yarn Mill, of Natchez, has a capacity of 6,000 spindles and
160 looms, and employs 100 hands.  The Natchez Cotton Mills Company began
operations four years ago in a two-story building of 50 x 190 feet, with 4,000
spindles and 128 looms; capital $105,000, all subscribed in the town.  Two
years later, the same stockholders increased their capital to $225,000; added
a third story to the mill, increased its length to 317 feet; added machinery
to increase the capacity to 10,300 spindles and 304 looms.  The company now
employ 250 operatives, many of whom are citizens of Natchez.  "The mill works
5,000 bales of cotton annually and manufactures the best standard quality of
brown shirtings and sheetings and drills, turning out 5,000,000 yards of these
goods per year." ^1 A close corporation - stock held at $5,000 per share, but
none in the market.

[Footnote 1: New Orleans Times-Democrat, August 26, 1882.]

     The changes in the Mississippi River are great and strange, yet were to
be expected; but I was not expecting to live to see Natchez and these other
river towns become manufacturing strongholds and railway-centers.

     Speaking of manufactures reminds me of a talk upon that topic which I
heard - which I overheard - on board the Cincinnati boat.  I awoke out of a
fretted sleep, with a dull confusion of voices in my ears.  I listened - two
men were talking; subject, apparently, the great inundation.  I looked out
through the open transom.  The two men were eating a late breakfast; sitting
opposite each other; nobody else around. They closed up the inundation with a
few words - having used it, evidently, as a mere ice-breaker and
acquaintanceship-breeder - then they dropped into business.  It soon
transpired that they were drummers - one belonging in Cincinnati, the other in
New Orleans.  Brisk men, energetic of movement and speech; the dollar their
god, how to get it their religion.

     "Now as to this article," said Cincinnati, slashing into the ostensible
butter and holding forward a slab of it on his knife-blade, "it's from our
house; look at it - smell of it - taste it.  Put any test on it you want to.
Take your own time - no hurry - make it thorough. There now - what do you say?
butter, ain't it?  Not by a thundering sight - it's oleomargarine!  Yes, sir,
that's what it is - oleomargarine. You can't tell it from butter; by George,
an expert can't!  It's from our house.  We supply most of the boats in the
West; there's hardly a pound of butter on one of them.  We are crawling right
along - jumping right along is the word.  We are going to have that entire
trade.  Yes, and the hotel trade, too.  You are going to see the day, pretty
soon, when you can't find an ounce of butter to bless yourself with, in any
hotel in the Mississippi and Ohio valleys, outside of the biggest cities.
Why, we are turning out oleomargarine now by the thousands of tons.  And we
can sell it so dirt-cheap that the whole country has got to take it - can't
get around it, you see.  Butter don't stand any show - there ain't any chance
for competition.  Butter's had its day - and from this out, butter goes to the
wall.  There's more money in oleomargarine than - why, you can't imagine the
business we do.  I've stopped in every town, from Cincinnati to Natchez; and
I've sent home big orders from every one of them."

     And so forth and so on, for ten minutes longer, in the same fervid
strain.  Then New Orleans piped up and said:

     "Yes, it's a first-rate imitation, that's a certainty; but it ain't the
only one around that's first-rate.  For instance, they make olive-oil out of
cotton-seed oil, nowadays, so that you can't tell them apart."

     "Yes, that's so," responded Cincinnati, "and it was a tip-top business
for a while.  They sent it over and brought it back from France and Italy,
with the United States custom-house mark on it to indorse it for genuine, and
there was no end of cash in it; but France and Italy broke up the game - of
course they naturally would.  Cracked on such a rattling impost that
cotton-seed olive-oil couldn't stand the raise; had to hang up and quit."

     "Oh, it did, did it?  You wait here a minute."

     Goes to his stateroom, brings back a couple of long bottles, and takes
out the corks - says:

     "There now, smell them, taste them, examine the bottles, inspect the
labels.  One of 'm's from Europe, the other's never been out of this country.
One's European olive-oil, the other's American cotton-seed olive-oil.  Tell 'm
apart?  'Course you can't.  Nobody can.  People that want to, can go to the
expense and trouble of shipping their oils to Europe and back - it's their
privilege; but our firm knows a trick worth six of that.  We turn out the
whole thing - clean from the word go - in our factory in New Orleans: labels,
bottles, oil, everything.  Well, no, not labels: been buying them abroad - get
them dirt-cheap there.  You see there's just one little wee speck, essence, or
whatever it is, in a gallon of cotton-seed oil, that gives it a smell, or a
flavor, or something - get that out, and you're all right - perfectly easy
then to turn the oil into any kind of oil you want to, and there ain't anybody
that can detect the true from the false.  Well, we know how to get that one
little particle out - and we're the only firm that does.  And we turn out an
olive-oil that is just simply perfect - undetectable!  We are doing a ripping
trade, too - as I could easily show you by my order-book for this trip.  Maybe
you'll butter everybody's bread pretty soon, but we'll cotton-seed his salad
for him from the Gulf to Canada, that's a dead-certain thing."

     Cincinnati glowed and flashed with admiration.  The two scoundrels
exchanged business-cards, and arose.  As they left the table, Cincinnati said:

     "But you have to have custom-house marks, don't you?  How do you manage
that?"

     I did not catch the answer.

     We passed Port Hudson, scene of two of the most terrific episodes of the
war - the night battle there between Farragut's fleet and the Confederate land
batteries, April 14, 1863; and the memorable land battle, two months later,
which lasted eight hours - eight hours of exceptionally fierce and stubborn
fighting - and ended, finally, in the repulse of the Union forces with great
slaughter.