Lindboe-C-F.  Frland-S-S.  Wefring-K-W.  Linnestad-P-J.  Bhmer-T.
Foerster-A.  Lken-A-C.
Autopsy findings in three family members with a presumably acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome of unknown etiology.
Acta-Pathol-Microbiol-Immunol-Scand [A]
Mar. 94(2)
Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
117-23.
1986
EN.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: pa.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: co, fg.  AUTOPSY.  B-LYMPHOCYTES:
im.  CANDIDIASIS: co.  CEREBRAL-CORTEX: pa.  ENCEPHALOMYELITIS: pa.
HUMAN.  PULMONARY-ALVEOLI: pa.  SPINAL-CORD: pa.  T-LYMPHOCYTES: im.
This paper presents clinical, immunological and post-mortem findings
in three family members (husband, wife and daughter) who all died in
1976 after having had chronic and recurrent opportunistic infections
for many years.  In all of them a progressive, presumably acquired
been diagnosed several years before death.  The clinical and
immunological findings are compatible with those seen in acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* caused by HTLV-III/LAV infection,
but examinations of stored blood samples from the three patients
were negative with regard to the presence of HTLV-III/LAV antibodies.
This immunodeficiency may therefore have been caused by an
infectious agent of unknown nature.  The most remarkable finding on
post-mortem examination was the presence of a granulomatous
encephalomyelitis with multinucleated giant cells in the husband and
his wife.  In addition, the wife's CNS revealed scattered microglial
nodules.  No infectious agents could be demonstrated, and the
etiology of this peculiar CNS affection therefore remains obscure.
Author.
Muller-J-E.  Distler-W.  von-Kries-R.  Wahn-V.
[Peripartal monitoring of an *HTLV* III-infected, heroin-dependent
pregnant patient].
Z-Geburtshilfe-Perinatol
Mar-Apr. 190(2)
Universitats-Frauenklinik, Dusseldorf.
65-8.
GE.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: th.  HEROIN-DEPENDENCE: th.
PREGNANCY-COMPLICATIONS-INFECTIOUS: th.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: th.
ADULT.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  CASE-REPORT.  ENGLISH-ABSTRACT.
FEMALE.  FETAL-MONITORING.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.  HUMAN.
INFANT-NEWBORN.  PREGNANCY.  SUBSTANCE-WITHDRAWAL-SYNDROME: th.
In the past the acquired immune deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* could be
mainly observed in homosexual and drug addicted persons.  But at
present one has to deal with this problem in obstetrics as well.  In
this paper a report is given on the late pregnancy and delivery in a
describe the useful tests to characterize the immunologic status of
the patient and give recommendations for the clinical management of
pregnancy and delivery.  Author.
Banapour-B.  Sernatinger-J.  Levy-J-A.
The AIDS-associated retrovirus is not sensitive to lysis or
inactivation by human serum.
Virology
Jul 15. 152(1)
Department of Medicine, University of California, School of
268-71.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  COMPLEMENT: im.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.
HUMAN.  RETROVIRIDAE: im.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
SUPPORT-U-S-GOVT-P-H-S.
Unheated human serum does not lyse the AIDS-associated retrovirus
(ARV), change the density of the virus, or suppress its ability to
infect human peripheral mononuclear cells.  The results indicate
that ARV and the human oncovirus HTLV-I, unlike other animal
human viruses coming from different retrovirus subfamilies may be
pathogenic because of this lack of sensitivity to human complement
components.  Author.
Nemeth-A.  Bygdeman-S.  Sandstrom-E.  Biberfeld-G.
Early case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a child from
Zaire.
Sex-Transm-Dis
Apr-Jun. 13(2)
Department of Pediatrics, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska
111-3.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: co.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: im.
CASE-REPORT.  FEVER: et.  HEPATITIS-B-ANTIGENS: im.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  HUMAN.  INFANT.  MALE.  ZAIRE.
An eight-year-old child from Zaire died in Sweden in 1982 after a
clinical course compatible with the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome *(AIDS).*  In 1975, at the age of 5 months, the infant had an
acute viral infection with a rash; this illness was followed by a
septicemia, fever (frequently with miliary lung infiltrates),
disseminated lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, candidiasis, and
diarrhea.  Late in the illness the child developed lethal
disseminated disturbances of the central nervous system.
Immunologic investigations revealed a pronounced
hypergammaglobulinemia, normal C3 but low C4 values, decreased
number of T-lymphocytes, and decreased lymphocyte stimulation with
T-cell and B-cell mitogens.  Samples of serum taken in 1981 and 1982
were analyzed and found to be positive for antibodies to HTLV-III
virus.  The course of the disease in this child was more prolonged
than most of the pediatric cases described earlier.  It is likely
that this child developed *AIDS* early in 1975, long before the *AIDS*
epidemic was apparent in the United States.  Author.
Lecatsas-G.  Taylor-M-B.  Lyons-S-F.  Schoub-B-D.
Pleomorphism in HTLV-III, the *AIDS* virus [letter].
S-Afr-Med-J
Jun 21. 69(13)
793-4.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ul.
CELL-LINE.  HUMAN.
Wangroongsarb-Y.  Weniger-B-G.  Wasi-C.  Traisupa-A.  Kunasol-P.
Rojanapithayakorn-W.  Fucharoen-S.
Prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV antibody in selected populations in
Thailand.
Southeast-Asian-J-Trop-Med-Public-Health
Dec. 16(4)
Division of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok,
517-20.
1985
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: oc.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: pc.  ADOLESCENCE.  ADULT.
ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY.  FEMALE.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN.
MALE.  THAILAND.
Antibody to the human T-lymphotropic virus, type
III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) by ELISA test
was detected in one (1%) of 101 male homosexual prostitutes
(confidence limit 95%:0.03-5.4%, in two (2%) of 100 thalassemia
99 parenteral drug abusers, 100 male VD patients, 100 consecutive
blood donors in serum collected from February through June 1985.
Serum from the positive homosexual subject was strongly positive on
repeated ELISA testing, and was also positive by Western Blot test.
The two thalassemia patients, who were repeatedly weakly-positive by
ELISA, were negative by Western Blot test and presumed to be false
positive reactors.  Prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV virus in
sexually-active homosexuals in Thailand in 1985 appears to be
similar to the 1% rate among homosexuals in San Francisco in 1978 at
the start of the *AIDS* epidemic there.  Author.
Hahn-B-H.  Shaw-G-M.  Taylor-M-E.  Redfield-R-R.  Markham-P-D.
Salahuddin-S-Z.  Wong-Staal-F.  Gallo-R-C.  Parks-E-S.  Parks-W-P.
Genetic variation in HTLV-III/LAV over time in patients with *AIDS* or
at risk for *AIDS.*
Science
Jun 20. 232(4757)
Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama Medical
1548-53.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS:
ge.  VARIATION-GENETICS.
AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE.  BASE-SEQUENCE.  CHROMOSOME-DELETION.
DNA-INSERTION-ELEMENTS.  DNA-RESTRICTION-ENZYMES.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ip.  HUMAN.  MUTATION.
NUCLEIC-ACID-HYBRIDIZATION.  RISK.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
In a study of genetic variation in the *AIDS* virus, HTLV-III/LAV,
sequential virus isolates from persistently infected individuals
were examined by Southern blot genomic analysis, molecular cloning,
and nucleotide sequencing.  Four to six virus isolates were obtained
Changes were detected throughout the viral genomes and consisted of
isolated and clustered nucleotide point mutations as well as short
deletions or insertions.  Results from genomic restriction mapping
and nucleotide sequence comparisons indicated that viruses isolated
sequentially had evolved in parallel from a common progenitor virus.
The rate of evolution of HTLV-III/LAV was estimated to be at least
10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site per year for the env gene
and 10(-4) for the gag gene, values a millionfold greater than for
most DNA genomes.  Despite this relatively rapid rate of sequence
divergence, virus isolates from any one patient were all much more
related to each other than to viruses from other individuals.  In
view of the substantial heterogeneity among most independent
HTLV-III/LAV isolates, the repeated isolation from a given
individual of only highly related viruses raises the possibility
that some type of interference mechanism may prevent simultaneous
infection by more than one major genotypic form of the virus.
Hopkins-D-R.
Key epidemiologic questions about *AIDS* and infection with
HTLV-III/LAV.
Public-Health-Rep
May-Jun. 101(3)
234-7.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: oc.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS:
oc.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: di, pc, tm.  ADULT.
AFRICA-CENTRAL.  CHILD.  CHILD-PRESCHOOL.  COMPARATIVE-STUDY.
FEMALE.  HAITI.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.  HUMAN.
INFANT.  MALE.  PREGNANCY.  RESEARCH.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: di, pc,
Zamecnik-P-C.  Goodchild-J.  Taguchi-Y.  Sarin-P-S.
Inhibition of replication and expression of human T-cell
lymphotropic virus type III in cultured cells by exogenous synthetic
oligonucleotides complementary to viral RNA.
Proc-Natl-Acad-Sci-USA
Jun. 83(12)
Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, MA 01545.
4143-6.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: gd.  OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES: pd.
VIRUS-REPLICATION.
BASE-SEQUENCE.  CELLS-CULTURED.  GENE-EXPRESSION-REGULATION.  HUMAN.
OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES: cs, ge.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
The possibility of using oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to
viral RNA or proviral DNA to inhibit the replication of human T-cell
lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) [the etiological agent of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)]* in cultured human cells
oligodeoxynucleotides with mammalian cellular components.  The
results indicated that exogenous oligodeoxynucleotides at 20 microM
became associated with the membrane/cytosol fractions of the cell in
amounts approximating 1.5 microM.  Oligodeoxynucleotides
complementary to a region close to the tRNALys primer binding site
on HTLV-III RNA and others complementary to HTLV-III mRNA donor or
acceptor splice sites inhibited viral replication (assayed as
reverse transcriptase) and gene expression (assayed as virus-encoded
proteins p15 and p24) by as much as 95%.  Use of control (random)
oligodeoxynucleotides suggests that the antiviral effects were
specific.  Although these results pertain to HTLV-III-infected cells
in tissue culture, rather than to *AIDS* patients, they nevertheless
point to a therapeutic potential of the complementary
oligodeoxynucleotide ("hybridization competition" or "hybridon")
approach in the treatment of patients with *AIDS* and AIDS-related
complex.  Author.
Murphey-Corb-M.  Martin-L-N.  Rangan-S-R.  Baskin-G-B.  Gormus-B-J.
Wolf-R-H.  Andes-W-A.  West-M.  Montelaro-R-C.
Isolation of an HTLV-III-related retrovirus from macaques with
simian *AIDS* and its possible origin in asymptomatic mangabeys.
Nature
May 22-28. 321(6068)
Delta Regional Primate Research Center of Tulane University,
435-7.
ip.
ANIMAL.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: ip.  CELL-LINE.  CERCOPITHECIDAE.
CROSS-REACTIONS.  ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ul.  HUMAN.  MACACA-MULATTA.
MICROSCOPY-ELECTRON.  MOLECULAR-WEIGHT.  SUPPORT-U-S-GOVT-P-H-S.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* has become a worldwide
epidemic, so the development of vaccines and antiviral agents
effective against the causative agent, human T-lymphotropic virus
type III (HTLV-III), is vital.  This work would be greatly
report the isolation of an HTLV-III-related retrovirus,
STLV-III/Delta, from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with
transmissible simian *AIDS* (SAIDS) and from asymptomatic sooty
mangabeys (Cercocebus atys).  SAIDS was initially diagnosed in
several macaques previously inoculated with tissue homogenates of
mangabey origin.  Western blot analysis of both the mangabey and
macaque sera demonstrated the presence of antibody cross-reactive
primarily with the HTLV-III proteins p24 and p61.  In a related
experiment, analysis of these same sera revealed simian antibody to
STLV-III/Delta proteins similar, but not identical, to those of
HTLV-III with estimated relative molecular masses (Mrs) of 16,000
(16K), 26K, 35K, 45K, 60K and 110K.  Infection of the mangabey, an
African primate, with an HTLV-III-related virus may provide a clue
to the origin of HTLV-III in humans.  The apparent difference in
susceptibility to SAIDS-like disease between infected macaques and
mangabeys suggests that these species may respond differently to
Niederwieser-A.  Joller-P.  Seger-R.  Blau-N.  Prader-A.  Bettex-J-D.
Luthy-R.  Hirschel-B.  Schaedelin-J.  Vetter-U.
Neopterin in *AIDs,* other immunodeficiencies, and bacterial and viral
infections.
Klin-Wochenschr
Apr 1. 64(7)
Universitats-Kinderklinik Zurich, Schweiz.
333-7.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: ur.  BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS: ur.
BIOPTERIN: ur.  IMMUNOLOGIC-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROMES: ur.  PTERIDINES:
ADOLESCENCE.  ADULT.  BIOPTERIN: aa, bi.  CHILD.  CHILD-PRESCHOOL.
FEMALE.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.  HUMAN.
INFANT.  MALE.  RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS: fg, ur.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
An increase in total urinary neopterin was observed in 12 of 13
patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS),* seven of 13
patients with lymphadenopathy, one of six healthy homosexual males,
seven of ten adult patients with staphylococcal pneumonia, 11 of 12
bacterial infections, and 12 of 13 children with various immune
defects.  Extremely high values of total urinary neopterin and
monapterin were observed in severely ill patients with *AIDS* and
those with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.  Neopterin
excretion was normal in two *AIDS* patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, but
without opportunistic infections at that time.  On reexamination of
one of these patients later on, elevated neopterin values were noted.
Parallel increases in neopterin and monapterin were found, whereas
biopterin was usually normal.  The increase in total neopterin was
mainly due to 7,8-dihydroneopterin and was accompanied by an
increase in 3'-hydroxysepiapterin.  Increased neopterin in urine is
assumed to reflect the increase in GTP pool and GTP cyclohydrolase I
activity as observed in stimulated monocytes.  Thus, neopterin, as a
measure of the activation of the nonspecific cellular immune system,
may be used diagnostically to detect allograft rejection after
transplantations and to follow-up HTLV-III positive patients.
Goldsmith-J-M.  Huprikar-J.  Wu-S-J.  Phair-J-P.
Interleukin 1 and 2 production in homosexual men: a controlled trial
of therafectin (SM-1213), a possible immunomodulator.
J-Immunopharmacol
8(1)
Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School,
1-14.
GLUCOSAMINE: aa.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  INTERLEUKIN-1: me.
MITOGENIC-FACTORS-LYMPHOCYTE: me.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  ADJUVANTS-IMMUNOLOGIC: tu.
CLINICAL-TRIALS.  COMPARATIVE-STUDY.  GLUCOSAMINE: im, tu.
HELPER-CELLS: de, im, me.  HUMAN.  IMMUNITY-CELLULAR: de.  MALE.
T-LYMPHOCYTES-CYTOTOXIC: de, im, me.
Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* are
susceptible to a variety of opportunistic pathogens which require
intact cellular immunity for control and eradication.  We evaluated
interleukin 1 and 2 production in 12 homosexual men without *AIDS* but
evidence of infection with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type III
(HTLV-III), the etiologic agent of *AIDS* and found production of both
factors diminished compared to heterosexual controls.  Therafectin
(SM-1213) is a new agent which selectively activates macrophages and
stimulated interleukin 1 production in vitro.  Therafectin was
administered to these same 12 patients in a double-blind, placebo
controlled trial.  We failed to find any significant changes in
their immunologic status including interleukin 1 or 2 production.
Geroldi-D.  Arico-M.  Plebani-A.  Maccario-R.  Notarangelo-L-D.
Duse-M.  Rey-F.  Barre-Sinoussi-F.  Chermann-J-C.  Burgio-G-R.
Western blot technique in the serological evaluation of three
LAV/HTLV III-infected Italian families.
Infection
Mar-Apr. 14(2)
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.
60-3.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  IGG: an.  IGM: an.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: di, fg, tm.  ADULT.
ANTIBODY-SPECIFICITY.  ANTIGENS-VIRAL: im.  CHILD-PRESCHOOL.
ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY.  FEMALE.
FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY-TECHNIC.  HUMAN.  IMMUNOASSAY.  INFANT.
In order to confirm suspected LAV/HTLV III infection, serological
evaluation of patients is of utmost importance.  ELISA is currently
being employed on a large scale for screening, but like the
immunofluorescence assay, it has a variable rate of possible
technique can detect antibodies to different viral proteins.  In
this paper we are reporting the serological patterns of three
LAV/HTLV III-infected families.  In particular, their viral
protein-specific antibody patterns are described.  With the
exception of one child, all the patients tested showed
seropositivity in both ELISA and WB.  In the one child mentioned
above, ELISA and immunofluorescence positivity were due to
non-specific binding.  Two out of three children tested showed a
close correlation between a severe clinical course and the absence
of p25-specific IgM.  In contrast, one child showing a switch from
IgM to p25-specific IgG antibodies had a favorable clinical course.
We observed a family in which vertical transmission of LAV/HTLV III
from the mother to her neonate seems not to have happened; the child
was seronegative and healthy at the age of one.  At birth, this
neonate had LAV/HTLV III-specific IgG corresponding to the mother's
pattern, but it lacked viral-specific IgM.  Its mother had
emphasized.  Author.
Stauber-M.  Schafer-A.  Lowenthal-D.  Weingart-B.
[The *Aids* problem in pregnant women--a challenge to the
obstetrician].
Geburtshilfe-Frauenheilkd
Apr. 46(4)
Frauenklinik und Poliklinik Charlottenburg, Freien Universitat
201-5.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: di.
PREGNANCY-COMPLICATIONS-INFECTIOUS: di.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: et, im.  ADULT.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  ENGLISH-ABSTRACT.  FEMALE.  HEROIN-DEPENDENCE:
co.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  HUMAN.  INFANT-NEWBORN.
PREGNANCY-COMPLICATIONS-INFECTIOUS: et, im.  PREGNANCY.  RISK.
Nine pregnant women with the *AIDS* problem were under treatment and
care at the Department of Gynaecology of the University of Berlin at
Charlottenburg during 1985.  Of these, seven had HTLV-III antibodies
only, whereas one woman showed additional clinical signs such as
developed exanthemas during pregnancy that pointed to a possible
manifestation of *AIDS.*  The increasing incidence in our clinic of
pregnant women infected with or actually suffering from *AIDS* is due
to the fact that for several years we have been conducting heroin
withdrawal programmes in pregnant women.  It must be born in mind,
however, that generally more and more women outside the high-risk
groups covered by anamnesis are being infected with HTLV-III.
Screening tests for HTLV-III can help to clarify matters and make it
possible to care adequately for the patient and to guarantee the
obstetric team an appropriate management of the risk of infection.
However, it must be considered as a minimum demand to be made on the
obstetrician to conduct tests for HTLV-III antibodies in women of
the high-risk groups (heroin addicts, prostitutes, blood transfusion
recipients, fathers at risk).  Based on update knowledge, the
authors supply pointers to a more realistic information of pregnant
women.  Suggestions are advanced in respect of care during
Chandra-A.  Gerber-T.  Kaul-S.  Wolf-C.  Demirhan-I.  Chandra-P.
Serological relationship between reverse transcriptases from human
T-cell lymphotropic viruses defined by monoclonal antibodies.
Evidence for two forms of reverse transcriptases in the
FEBS-Lett
May 12. 200(2)
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center of Biological Chemistry,
327-32.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  ANTIBODIES-MONOCLONAL: im.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: en.  REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE: im.
ANIMAL.  ANTIGENIC-DETERMINANTS: an.  ANTIGENS-VIRAL: im.
CROSS-REACTIONS.  HUMAN.  ISOELECTRIC-FOCUSING.  MICE.
MICE-INBRED-BALB-C.  MOLECULAR-WEIGHT.  REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE: an.
SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
The immunological relationship between reverse transcriptases
purified from human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-I, HTLV-II,
HTLV-III) was defined using monoclonal antibodies specific for
HTLV-III reverse transcriptase, secreted by a mouse/mouse hybridoma
HTLV-I and HTLV-II do not bear any cross-reactive epitope to
antibodies secreted by this clone.  These antibodies specifically
cross-react with HTLV-III reverse transcriptase.  The antibodies
failed to neutralize the catalytic activity of reverse
transcriptase; however, after immunoprecipitation with a magnetic
conjugate of goat anti-mouse IgG, the residual activity was
completely inhibited.  This shows that the antibodies are not
directed towards the catalytic active center of the enzyme.  Using
an immunoblotting technique (Western blotting), we have found two
cross-reactive proteins with HTLV-III lysate with molecular masses
of 53 and 66 kDa.  This suggests that HTLV-III possesses two reverse
transcriptase activities with a common determinant recognized by the
same epitope.  Author.
Ghrayeb-J.  Kato-I.  McKinney-S.  Huang-J-J.  Chanda-P-K.  Ho-D-D.
Sarangadharan-M-G.  Chang-T-W.  Chang-N-T.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) core antigens:
synthesis in Escherichia coli and immunoreactivity with human sera.
DNA
Apr. 5(2)
Centocor, Malvern, PA 19355.
93-9.
ANTIGENS-VIRAL: im.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.
RETROVIRIDAE-PROTEINS: im.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: im.  ANTIGENS-VIRAL: ge.  CLONING-MOLECULAR.
DNA-RECOMBINANT.  DNA-VIRAL: ge.  ESCHERICHIA-COLI.  HUMAN.
IMMUNE-SERA.  RECOMBINANT-PROTEINS: bi, ge, im.
Fragments of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III)
proviral DNA carrying the gene for the core antigen (gag) was cloned
in the plasmid REV.  Several of the recombinants direct high levels
of synthesis of the antigens.  One clone, pG1, produced a hybrid
of the 17 kD virion protein, the entire p24, the major core protein
of HTLV-III, and 74 amino acid residues of the amino terminal of the
15 kD core ribonucleoprotein.  A second clone, pG2, was similar to
pG1 except that it contained no p17 sequences and was missing the
amino-terminal 77 amino acid residues of the p24.  A third clone,
pG3, was similar to pG2, except that all but 56 amino acids of the
carboxyl terminus of p24 were removed.  All three proteins were
found to be strongly immunoreactive with anti-HTLV-III antibodies
present in sera from patients with acquired immune deficiency
syndrome *(AIDS)* or AIDS-related complex (ARC).  In addition, pG1 and
pG2, but not pG3, reacted with a monoclonal antibody (M26) specific
for the p24 virion core protein.  Whereas all three reacted with an
anti-p15 monoclonal antibody, none of the clones reacted with an
anti-p17 monoclonal antibody.  These results provide direct evidence
to support the predicted assignment of the coding region of the gag
gene of HTLV-III.  The product from pG2 was purified and was found
Kekow-J.  Kern-P.  Schmitz-H.  Gross-W-L.
Abnormal B-cell response to T-cell-independent polyclonal B-cell
activators in homosexuals presenting persistent generalized lymph
node enlargement and HTLV-III antibodies.
Diagn-Immunol
4(2)
Department of Internal Medicine, Christian Albrecht University,
107-11.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: im.  B-LYMPHOCYTES: im.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: im.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  ADULT.
CELL-DIFFERENTIATION.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN.  IGG: an.  IGM: an.
MIDDLE-AGE.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
B-cell functions were investigated in a well-defined high-risk group
for the development of AIDS/AIDS-related complex (ARC).  Stimulation
of mononuclear cells (MNC) with T-cell-independent polyclonal B-cell
activators failed to increase high spontaneous IgG levels observed
with Klebsiella M (Klebs M) or Salmonella (Salm) membrane
preparation increased by a factor of 4 to 6 and thus ranged between
the results of the control group and those of AIDS/ARC patients; the
response to a T-cell-independent B-cell mitogen, Staphylococcus
aureus Cowan I (SAC), showed profound abnormalities as well in this
group.  This indicates that functional B-cell abnormalities can be
seen in addition to T-cell dysfunctions in patients at increased
risk for the development of AIDS/ARC.  Author.
Starcich-B-R.  Hahn-B-H.  Shaw-G-M.  McNeely-P-D.  Modrow-S.  Wolf-H.
Parks-E-S.  Parks-W-P.  Josephs-S-F.  Gallo-R-C.  et al.
Identification and characterization of conserved and variable
regions in the envelope gene of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus of *AIDS.*
Cell
Jun 6. 45(5)
Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,
637-48.
GENES-VIRAL.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ge.
VIRAL-ENVELOPE-PROTEINS: ge.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE.
BASE-SEQUENCE.  COMPARATIVE-STUDY.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ip.
NUCLEIC-ACID-CONFORMATION.  RETROVIRIDAE-PROTEINS: ge.
REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE: ge.  SEQUENCE-HOMOLOGY-NUCLEIC-ACID.
To determine the extent and nature of genetic variation present in
independent isolates of HTLV-III/LAV, the nucleotide sequences of
the entire envelope gene and parts of gag and pol were determined
for two *AIDS* viruses.  The results indicated that variation
in particular is most highly variable.  Within the envelope, changes
were most prevalent within the extracellular region where clustered
nucleotide substitutions and deletions/insertions were evident.
Based on predicted secondary protein structure and hydrophilicity,
these hypervariable regions represent potential antigenic sites.  In
contrast to the hypervariable regions, other sequences in the
extracellular envelope and the overall envelope structure (including
18 of 18 cysteine residues), as well as most of the transmembrane
region, were highly conserved.  Author.
Goudsmit-J.  Wolters-E-C.  Bakker-M.  Smit-L.  Van-der-Noordaa-J.
Hische-E-A.  Tutuarima-J-A.  Van-der-Helm-H-J.
Intrathecal synthesis of antibodies to HTLV-III in patients without
*AIDS* or *AIDS* related complex.
Br-Med-J [Clin Res]
May 10. 292(6530)
Department of Virology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
1231-4.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: cf.
ADULT.  ALBUMINS: cf.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN.  IGG: an, cf.  MALE.
MIDDLE-AGE.  SERUM-ALBUMIN.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.  VIRAL-PROTEINS:
bl, cf.
De novo synthesis in the central nervous system of IgG antibodies to
human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) (lymphadenopathy
associated virus) was shown in seven of 10 seropositive men who had
syphilis but not the acquired immune deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* or
symptoms when the serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected.
Pleocytosis was present in all 10.  Of the seven men who showed
evidence of intrathecal synthesis of antibodies, five had increased
total concentrations of IgG and four had oligoclonal IgG bands in
their cerebrospinal fluid.  Oligoclonal bands were also present in
one man who did not have any antibodies.  Longitudinal study of one
man showed that seroconversion preceded intrathecal synthesis of
antibody specific to HTLV-III.  The appearance of antibody in the
cerebrospinal fluid was accompanied by a transient rise in
mononuclear cell count and the appearance of oligoclonal bands.  The
presence of clones of B cells specific to HTLV-III in the central
nervous system of these patients without persisting neurological
symptoms suggests that HTLV-III enters the central nervous system in
the early stages of infection.  Author.
Aoki-T.  Taguchi-Y.  Kaneko-Y.
[AIDS--a further development].
Gan-To-Kagaku-Ryoho
May. 13(5)
Dept. of Internal Medicine, Shinrakuen Hospital, Niigata-shi.
1791-7. (REVIEW).
JA.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: th.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: pc, tm.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.
BLOOD-TRANSFUSION: ae.  BONE-MARROW: tr.  CARRIER-STATE: im.
ENGLISH-ABSTRACT.  HEMOPHILIA: th.  HOMOSEXUALITY.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ge, im.  HUMAN.  MALE.  REVIEW.
It has been recently established that *AIDS* is a virus infectious
disease.  HTLV-I essentially makes T4 lymphocytes malignant and
induces their abnormal proliferation.  However, on the way, when
HTLV-I induces a decrease in the function of T4 lymphocytes, the
possesses a central function to destroy T4 lymphocytes, but, when
this function is blocked, it increases T4 lymphocyte proliferation.
Accordingly, the concept of carriers of the *AIDS* virus and patients
with AIDS-related complex or *AIDS* has been clarified.
Simultaneously, it has been discovered that a multiplicity of amino
acids exists on the envelope of isolated *AIDS* viruses, resulting in
a variety of viral envelope antigenicities.  This may support the
presence of antigenic modulation, which might make the development
of a vaccine more difficult.  Therapy has been approached from the
following points of view; blockers of reverse transcriptase, drugs
for destroying the virus itself through the viral envelope,
vaccination, replacement of patient's T4 lymphocytes with healthy
bone marrow, and use of immunopotentiators.  Author. 19.  REFS.
Sivak-S-L.  Wormser-G-P.
Predictive value of a screening test for antibodies to HTLV-III.
Am-J-Clin-Pathol
Jun. 85(6)
Section of General Internal Medicine, New York Medical College,
700-3.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  HEMOPHILIA: im.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS:
im.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: pc.
ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN.  MALE.
MASS-SCREENING: st.
A test for the detection of antibodies to HTLV-III is available and
will be widely used to screen donated blood to prevent
transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS).*
Based upon the sensitivity and specificity, the authors calculated
individuals using Bayes' theorem.  The prevalence of HTLV-III
infection has great impact upon the positive and negative predictive
values of the test.  For a member of the general population there is
a less than 3% chance that a positive test represents a true
positive.  High-risk patients, such as hemophiliacs, with a positive
test will have a greater than 95% chance of actually having
antibodies to HTLV-III, but the negative predictive value of the
test in this group is less than ideal.  The authors recommend that
all positive tests for HTLV-III be confirmed by more specific
methods when obtained in low-risk people.  Members of high-risk
groups for *AIDS* should continue to refrain from donating blood,
despite the availability of the screening test.  Author.
Schenk-P.
Retroviruses in Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency
syndrome *(AIDS).*
Acta-Otolaryngol (Stockh)
Mar-Apr. 101(3-4)
Department of Otolaryngology II, University of Vienna, Austria.
295-8.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: co.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS:
ip.  MOUTH-MUCOSA: mi.  MOUTH-NEOPLASMS: mi.  SARCOMA-KAPOSIS: mi.
CELL-MEMBRANE: mi, ul.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: cl.  HUMAN.
MICROSCOPY-ELECTRON.  MOUTH-MUCOSA: ul.  MOUTH-NEOPLASMS: ul.
SARCOMA-KAPOSIS: ul.  SKIN-NEOPLASMS: ul.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
The ultrastructure of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) of the oral mucosa in
patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* was
examined electron microscopically.  The tumour consisted of
pleomorphic vascular endothelial structures and spindle cell
multivesicular bodies, a large number of tubuloreticular structures
and abundant Weibel-Palade bodies in their cytoplasm.  Virus
particles, 100-120 nm in diameter, were observed budding from the
plasma membrane or as free particles already separated from the
plasma membrane.  Many mature virions manifested a dense
cylindrical-shaped core.  These virus particles and the human T-cell
lymphotropic retroviruses subgroup HTLV-III are ultrastructurally
identical.  This report is based on recent immunological research.
Ragni-M-V.  Lewis-J-H.  Bracken-M.  Toth-R.  Stokes-J.
Steffensen-D-O.
Detection of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* retrovirus
antibody by lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) enzyme
immunoassay in low- and high-risk populations.
Transfusion
May-Jun. 26(3)
Central Blood Bank of Pittsburgh, PA.
299-301.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: di.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.
BLOOD-DONORS.  HEMOPHILIA: mi.  HUMAN.  IMMUNOENZYME-TECHNICS.
IMMUNOSORBENT-TECHNICS.
Antibody to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* retrovirus
was evaluated by an lymphadenopathy-associated (LAV) enzyme
immunosorbent assay (EIA) and compared with the standard human
T-cell lymphotropic virus, Type III (HTLV-III) screening test in two
for *AIDS,* including 1352 random volunteer donors, 1140 of whom were
prospective donors and 212 of whom were retrospective donors,
repeatedly reactive by HTLV-III EIA.  The second group was composed
of those at high risk for *AIDS,* including 54 hemophiliacs, one of
whom had *AIDS,* seven AIDS-related complex (ARC), and one immune
thrombocytopenia (ITP).  Of the 1140 prospective donors, one was
repeatedly reactive by LAV EIA and four by HTLV-III EIA; none was
positive by Western blot.  Of the 212 retrospective donors, six were
repeatedly reactive by LAV EIA and 212 by HTLV-III EIA; only six
(the six LAV EIA positive) were positive by Western blot.  Of the 54
hemophiliacs, 46 were repeatedly reactive by both LAV EIA and
HTLV-III EIA, and all 46 were positive by Western blot.  Both LAV
EIA and HTLV-III EIA were positive in all hemophiliacs with *AIDS,*
ARC, and ITP.  The marked reduction in HTLV-III EIA repeatedly
reactive, Western blot nonreactive samples by the LAV EIA system
suggests that this assay may be as sensitive but more specific than
*AIDS* antibody in the donor population.  Author.
Sarin-P-S.  Sun-D-K.  Thornton-A-H.  Naylor-P-H.  Goldstein-A-L.
Neutralization of HTLV-III/LAV replication by antiserum to thymosin
alpha 1.
May 30. 232(4754)
1135-7.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: de.  IMMUNE-SERA: pd.  THYMOSIN: aa.
VIRUS-REPLICATION: de.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  ADULT.  ANIMAL.  CHILD.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ph.  HUMAN.  IGG: im.  IMMUNE-SERA: im.
RABBITS: im.  RETROVIRIDAE-PROTEINS: im.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
SUPPORT-U-S-GOVT-P-H-S.  THYMOSIN: im.
An antiserum prepared against thymosin alpha 1, a hormone secreted
by the thymus gland, effectively neutralized the AIDS-associated
virus [HTLV-III/LAV (clone BH-10)] and blocked its replication in H9
cells.  Reverse transcriptase activity and expression of the
immunoglobulin G preparations of antisera to thymosin alpha 1. The
antiviral activity of the antiserum was found to be due to a region
of homology between thymosin alpha 1 and p17, a product of the gag
gene of HTLV-III/LAV.  Comparison of the primary sequences of
thymosin alpha 1 and the gag protein revealed a 44% to 50% homology
in an 18-amino acid region, between positions 11 and 28 on thymosin
alpha 1 and 92 and 109 on the gag protein.  The effectiveness of the
thymosin alpha 1 antiserum and of immunoglobulin G-enriched
preparations in blocking replication of HTLV-III(BH-10) in H9 cells
suggests a novel approach to the development of an *AIDS* vaccine.  A
vaccine directed against the gag protein might overcome the problem
of genetic drift in the envelope region of the virus and be useful
against all genetic variants of HTLV-III/LAV.  Author.
Sonnerborg-A.  Jarstrand-C.
Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by neutrophilic granulocytes
in patients with HTLV-III infection.
Scand-J-Infect-Dis
18(2)
Department of Infectious Diseases, Roslagstull Hospital, Stockholm,
101-3.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS:
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: im.  MALE.
NITROBLUE-TETRAZOLIUM: du.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
The NBT reduction of granulocytes was determined in 11 patients with
HTLV-III infection.  The reaction was measured in granulocytes both
in resting state and after stimulation with Escherichia coli, as
well as with and without addition of plasma.  In 5 patients with
types of experiments, when compared with 12 healthy controls.  In 6
patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), the NBT reduction
of resting granulocytes was significantly higher than that of the
controls.  The findings could in general not be explained by
superinfections.  The elevated NBT test during the long term LAS
stage reflects a release of free oxygen radicals, against which
treatment might be directed.  Author.
Zanetti-A-R.  Ferroni-P.  Colombo-M.  Cargnel-A.  Mari-D.
Zehender-G.  Rumi-M-G.  Gringeri-A.  Ammassari-M.  Mannucci-P-M.
Anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibodies in groups of individuals at high risk
for infection in Italy.
Ric-Clin-Lab
Oct-Dec. 15(4)
Istituto di Virologia, Universita degli Studi di Milano.
357-64.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.
ELECTROPHORESIS-POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL.  FEMALE.  HEMOPHILIA: im.
HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN.  IMMUNOENZYME-TECHNICS.  MALE.  SEX-FACTORS.
SUBSTANCE-DEPENDENCE: im.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
We have studied anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibody prevalence in individuals
at high risk for infection, such as intravenous drug addicts,
hemophiliacs and homosexual men.  Among intravenous drug addicts,
LAV/HTLV-III infection was first recognized in 1981 and positive
years to 53%.  Anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibody prevalence was 13.5% in
the group of homosexual men, while in hemophiliacs treated with
commercial concentrates it was 37% in 1984 and had increased to 45%
in 1985.  There was a significant correlation between antibody
status and concentrate consumption in these patients.  Results of
studies of anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibody patterns with the Western blot
technique suggest that antibodies against core proteins (mainly p25
and p18) and the envelope protein gp40 are always present in
asymptomatic individuals and in patients with the lymphadenopathy
syndrome, but usually not in patients with full-blown *AIDS.*  These
last patients have typical positive reactions only against the
envelope proteins gp110 and gp40.  Author.
De-Gruttola-V.  Mayer-K.  Bennett-W.
*AIDS:* has the problem been adequately assessed?.
Rev-Infect-Dis
Mar-Apr. 8(2)
Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health,
295-305.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: oc, tm.  CONTRACEPTIVE-DEVICES.
FEMALE.  HEALTH-EDUCATION.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION.  MALE.  RISK.  SEX-BEHAVIOR.
SUPPORT-U-S-GOVT-P-H-S.  TIME-FACTORS.  UNITED-STATES.
Epidemiologic inferences about the epidemic of acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* are developed from three different
sources: case-control studies, cohort studies, and national data on
prevalence and incidence.  Together these data imply that reducing
protection.  Shifting to a "lower-risk" behavior will only be
helpful if the cumulative risk of transmitting the virus can be
reduced nearly to zero.  However, if all members of a minimally
affected population made such a shift, the benefit to that
population could be dramatic.  The emerging realization that latency
periods are longer than was first thought implies that the epidemic
could be much more severe than has been anticipated.  Regional
trends give no assurance that it has reached a peak, even in areas
of highest prevalence.  Much more work needs to be done to establish
the actual role of saliva in transmitting HTLV-III because oral
contagion has the greatest potential to spread the disease.  Efforts
to determine the latency period are crucial to predicting the future
of the epidemic.  Preventive measures--behavior modification and
education--hold some hope of retarding spread of the epidemic
pending development of effective therapy or a vaccine.  Author.
Kuno-S.  Ueno-R.  Hayaishi-O.  Nakashima-H.  Harada-S.  Yamamoto-N.
Prostaglandin E2, a seminal constituent, facilitates the replication
of acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus in vitro.
May. 83(10)
Hayaishi Bioinformation Transfer Project, Research Development
3487-90.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: gd.  PROSTAGLANDINS-E: pd.
CELL-TRANSFORMATION-VIRAL: de.  CELLS-CULTURED.
DOSE-RESPONSE-RELATIONSHIP-DRUG.  HUMAN.  PROSTAGLANDINS-D: pd.
PROSTAGLANDINS-F: pd.  SEMEN: mi, ph.  T-LYMPHOCYTES: mi.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated virus is
thought to be transmitted effectively through semen during sexual
activities from male to male or from male to female.  Prostaglandin
(PG) E2 is one of the immunosuppressive compounds present in high
effects of PGE2 and other PGs on AIDS-associated virus infection and
replication in vitro.  First, type III human T-lymphotropic virus
(HTLV-III) was used to infect a T-cell line (MT-4) in culture.  PGE2
(10 nM to 10 microM) added to the culture medium enhanced the
production of infectious virus in a dose-dependent fashion.  In the
presence of 5 microM PGE2, 2.5-fold more virus were released from
the infected MT-4 cells as compared to untreated control cells on
day 3 after infection.  Second, when we used an HTLV-III
continuous-producer cell line (Molt-4/HTLV-III), PGE2 and PGD2 added
to the culture medium increased the number of viruses released from
Molt-4/HTLV-III cells.  Other PGs such as PGF2 alpha and
13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 did not affect the replication of
HTLV-III in this system.  These results indicate that some PGs
including seminal PGs enhance the AIDS-associated virus replication
in vitro.  We propose that PGE2 in human semen might directly
facilitate the infection of AIDS-associated virus and cause the
Fox-P-C.  Baum-B-J.
Isolation of HTLV-III virus from saliva in *AIDS* [letter].
N-Engl-J-Med
May 22. 314(21)
1387.
ip.  SALIVA: mi.
HUMAN.
Weber-J-N.  Wadsworth-J.  Rogers-L-A.  Moshtael-O.  Scott-K.
McManus-T.  Berrie-E.  Jeffries-D-J.  Harris-J-R.  Pinching-A-J.
Three-year prospective study of HTLV-III/LAV infection in homosexual
men.
Lancet
May 24. 1(8491)
Department of Immunology, St Mary's Hospital and Medical School,
1179-82.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: oc.  HOMOSEXUALITY.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im, tm.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.
HUMAN.  LEUKOCYTE-COUNT.  LONDON.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: oc.  MALE.
PROSPECTIVE-STUDIES.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.  T-LYMPHOCYTES: cl.
TIME-FACTORS.  VENEREAL-DISEASES: tm.
170 symptom-free homosexual men were recruited in London in 1982-83
and 133 were evaluable in 1983-85.  Of the 33 who were seropositive
to HTLV-III/LAV at entry, 4 (12%) progressed to *AIDS,* 16 (48%)
progressed to persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (PGL), and 13
the study (7% per annum), of whom 8 progressed to PGL.  Serial
estimations of T lymphocyte subsets showed progressive reduction in
T4 numbers in the seropositive groups, but these indices also varied
widely in the seronegative group.  Counts of T4 and T8 cells or
T4/T8 ratio at entry were not of prognostic value.  Seronegative
subjects were as likely as seropositives to have abnormal
immunological tests.  Serial measurement of T lymphocyte subsets
seems to be of little prognostic or clinical value in the monitoring
of populations infected with the HTLV-III/LAV virus.  The strongest
association with prognosis was an episode of sexually transmitted
disease in the six months before entry to the study.  This supports
the hypothesis that intercurrent infection may be an important
co-factor in the acquisition of HTLV-III/LAV infection, and in
subsequent disease progression.  Author.
Angermayr-R.  Hohenauer-L.  Sommer-R.
[Acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* in an infant from
Austria].
Klin-Padiatr
Mar-Apr. 198(2)
Landeskinderkrankenhaus Linz/Donau.
129-32.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: fg.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS:
fg.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: di.  AUSTRIA.  CASE-REPORT.
ENGLISH-ABSTRACT.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.  HUMAN.  INFANT.
MALE.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: di.
Manuel born in June 1984 is presented for the first time at the age
of 6 months with the following symptoms: Otitis purulenta,
enlargement of lymph-nodes, swelling of liver and spleen, enteritis,
failure to thrive and candida albicansdermatitis.  Immunoglobulins
new Hospital admission was necessary.  The following symptoms are
present: severely enlarged lymph-nodes at different sites,
enlargement of liver and spleen, interstitial pneumonia and
enteritis.  Body weight is below the third percentile.  Tine-Test
negative.  The baby was BCG vaccinated after birth and at 3 months
the Tine-Test was positive.  The serologic antibody tests (Elisa and
Western Blot) for *HTLV* III are positive, the index helper:
suppressor T cells is 1,1 (normal above 1,5).  The antibody titers
in the maternal blood are higher than in the child.  The mother was
a regular drug user.  A vertical perinatal transmission from the
affected mother to her baby is postulated.  The start of clinical
illness was the 5th month of life.  *AIDS* was fully developed at 9
months of age.  Cotrimoxazol treatment resulted in clinical
improvement.  Author.
Robert-Guroff-M.  Weiss-S-H.  Giron-J-A.  Jennings-A-M.
Ginzburg-H-M.  Margolis-I-B.  Blattner-W-A.  Gallo-R-C.
Prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I, -II, and -III in intravenous
drug abusers from an *AIDS* endemic region.
JAMA
Jun 13. 255(22)
3133-7.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  SUBSTANCE-DEPENDENCE: im.
ADULT.  ANTIBODY-SPECIFICITY.  BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS: et, im.  BLACKS.
ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY.  FEMALE.  HUMAN.
INJECTIONS-INTRAVENOUS.  MALE.  METHADONE: tu.  MIDDLE-AGE.
NEW-YORK-CITY.  SUBSTANCE-DEPENDENCE: co, rh.  WHITES.
Antibody prevalences for human T-cell lymphotropic virus *(HTLV)*
types I, II, and III were determined for 56 intravenous drug abusers
from Queens, NY.  While control serum samples lacked antibodies to
all *HTLV* subgroups, seropositivity among drug users was 41% for
and -II occurred independently of HTLV-III infection.  Blacks had
greater HTLV-III antibody prevalence than whites (54% vs 16%) and
were more likely than whites to be seropositive for HTLV-I or -II
(46% vs 11%).  They exhibited a greater incidence than whites of
double infection with HTLV-I or -II and HTLV-III (27% vs 0%), and
73% were seropositive for at least one of the viruses, compared with
only 26% of the whites.  The increased HTLV-I and -II infection seen
in intravenous drug users suggests that once introduced into a
population, these viruses may be transmitted by the same routes as
HTLV-III.  Transmission may have been restricted mainly to blacks in
this study because of local drug use practices.  Author.
Sundqvist-V-A.  Linde-A.  Kurth-R.  Werner-A.  Helm-E-B.  Popovic-M.
Gallo-R-C.  Wahren-B.
Restricted IgG subclass responses to HTLV-III/LAV and to
cytomegalovirus in patients with *AIDS* and lymphadenopathy syndrome.
J-Infect-Dis
May. 153(5)
Department of Virology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,
970-3.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUSES: im.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  IGG: an.
COMPARATIVE-STUDY.  HELPER-CELLS: im.  HUMAN.  IGG: cl.  IGM: an.
RISK.
Folks-T.  Kelly-J.  Benn-S.  Kinter-A.  Justement-J.  Gold-J.
Redfield-R.  Sell-K-W.  Fauci-A-S.
Susceptibility of normal human lymphocytes to infection with
J-Immunol
Jun 1. 136(11)
Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and
4049-53.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: im.
LYMPHOCYTES: im.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: im.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: en, mi.  ANTIGENS-SURFACE: an.
HELPER-CELLS: im.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: gd, im.  HUMAN.
IMMUNE-SERA: pd.  IMMUNITY-NATURAL.  INTERFERON-TYPE-I: im.
LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: en, mi.  LYMPHOCYTE-TRANSFORMATION.  LYMPHOCYTES:
Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for their
susceptibility to infection with retroviruses isolated from patients
with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* or AIDS-related
complex.  Of 10 normal individuals tested, lymphocytes from all
Mg+2-dependent reverse transcriptase.  Lymphocytes from different
individuals were demonstrated to be either high or low producers of
reverse transcriptase after infection.  The kinetics of virus
production were similar in cells from both high- and low-producing
individuals.  A significant correlation was observed between high
and low viral-producing lymphocytes and expression of the Leu-3/T4
(CD4) surface molecule.  Mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood
lymphocytes exposed to HTLV-III/LAV manifested productive viral
infection, as reflected by the appearance of early syncytia,
followed by reverse transcriptase.  Unstimulated peripheral blood
lymphocyte cultures displayed late syncytia but no detectable
reverse transcriptase upon exposure to virus.  The addition of
anti-human interferon-alpha did not appear to have an appreciable
effect on viral production in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes
exposed to the virus.  Author.
Rabin-J-A.
The *AIDS* epidemic and gay bathhouses: a constitutional analysis.
J-Health-Polit-Policy-Law
Winter. 10(4)
729-47.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: pc.  CIVIL-RIGHTS: lj.
HOMOSEXUALITY.  LEGISLATION: td.
BATHS.  HUMAN.  MALE.  RISK.  UNITED-STATES.
Some legal scholars propose that the right of privacy articulated by
the United States Supreme Court should be extended to protect
homosexual activity.  In light of the advent of *AIDS,* should that
extension include constitutional protection for homosexual men who
government has the power to close the baths in the name of public
health, it should not do so without careful and conscious balancing
against the privacy rights infringed upon by its actions.  Balancing
the tension between public health policy and individual rights
applies not only to the specific situation of the baths, but also to
insurance companies' aim to test all single, young, male life and
health policy applicants for exposure to the putative *AIDS* virus; to
potential health department releases of names of those testing
antibody-positive for HTLV-III; to the military's rumored plans to
discharge all personnel suspected of having *AIDS;* and to school
districts seeking to exclude children with *AIDS.*  Author.
Tanaka-N.  Okabe-T.  Tanaka-N.  Take-Y.  Inouye-Y.  Nakamura-S.
Nakashima-H.  Yamamoto-N.
Inhibition by sakyomicin A of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse
transcriptase and proliferation of AIDS-associated virus
(HTLV-III/LAV).
Jpn-J-Cancer-Res
Apr. 77(4)
Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo.
324-6.
AVIAN-LEUKOSIS-VIRUSES: en.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: gd.
MYELOBLASTOSIS-VIRUS-AVIAN: en.  REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE: ai.
CELL-LINE.  DRUG-SCREENING.  HUMAN.  QUINONES: pd.
In the course of screening for inhibitors of reverse transcriptase,
we have isolated an inhibitor from a strain of Nocardia and
identified it as sakyomicin A. The antibiotic blocks avian
myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase reaction: IC50 was ca.
proliferation of HTLV-III/LAV in HTLV-I-carrying MT-4 cells: ca.
60% inhibition was observed at an antibiotic concentration of 1.0
microgram/ml and ca.  20% inhibition at 0.1 microgram/ml, and there
was no significant cytotoxicity.  Author.
Lamprecht-J.  Klein-T.
*[AIDS* in ENT practice--case report and review].
HNO
Mar. 34(3)
Universitats-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik Dusseldorf.
125-8.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: di.  OROPHARYNGEAL-NEOPLASMS: di.
PHARYNGEAL-NEOPLASMS: di.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: di.
ADULT.  CASE-REPORT.  ENGLISH-ABSTRACT.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.
HUMAN.  LYMPHATIC-METASTASIS.  MALE.  TONSILLAR-NEOPLASMS: di.
We present a case of *AIDS* with Kaposisarcoma in the oropharynx.  In
this case chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used with good response.
Because of the clinical features of the disease otolaryngologists
will be involved more and more in the management of *AIDS* disease.
are described: serological identification of antibodies against
HTLV-III without clinical symptoms, AIDS-related complex,
full-blown-AIDS.  There is no inevitable transition between these
stages.  The mode of infection is similar to serum-hepatitis.
Schofer-H.  Runne-U.  Bergmann-L.  Saller-R.  Helm-E-B.
[Acute exanthematous eruption of multiple Kaposi sarcomas of the
*AIDS* type in a female drug-addict.  Successful chemotherapy with
vincristine, bleomycin and dactinomycin].
Hautarzt
Mar. 37(3)
Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Johann Wolfgang
159-62.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: co.
ANTINEOPLASTIC-AGENTS-COMBINED: tu.  HEROIN-DEPENDENCE: co.
ADULT.  BLEOMYCINS: ad.  CASE-REPORT.  DACTINOMYCIN: ad.
ENGLISH-ABSTRACT.  FEMALE.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.  HUMAN.
NEOPLASMS-MULTIPLE-PRIMARY: pa.  SARCOMA-KAPOSIS: pa.
SKIN-NEOPLASMS: pa.  SKIN: pa.  VINCRISTINE: ad.
In a 30-year-old German women who appeared to be in good general
health, numerous Kaposi sarcomas of the *AIDS* type appeared on her
face and trunk within a few days.  Her arms, legs and oral mucosa
were also affected.  The patient has been a prostitute for more than
trunk were densely covered with livid red tumors that were up to the
size of coffee beans, with a longitudinal axis that followed the
relaxed skin tension lines.  *HTLV* III antibodies were present.  No
severe cellular immune defect could be demonstrated (OKT4 + to OKT8
+ cell ratio 1.15; later control = 2.4).  Recall antigens were
negative.  Since no severe immune defect was present, cytostatic
therapy with vincristine, bleomycin and dactinomycin was carried out.
Infiltrates began to regress after just one cycle.  After four
cycles, the facial lesions had completely disappeared.  On the chest
slight erythemas remained, but there were no histological signs of
Kaposi sarcoma.  On the legs there were still some solitary brown
infiltrates.  It was shown that the *AIDS* type of Kaposi sarcoma
responds to combined chemotherapy.  Author.
Pinching-A-J.  Weiss-R-A.
*AIDS* and the spectrum of HTLV-III/LAV infection.
Int-Rev-Exp-Pathol
28
Department of Immunology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School,
1-44. (REVIEW).
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: et.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS:
et.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im, mi.  EPIDEMIOLOGIC-METHODS.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ip.  HUMAN.  IMMUNE-SYSTEM: pp.
IMMUNOLOGIC-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROMES: et.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: im, mi.
REVIEW.  SERODIAGNOSIS.  T-LYMPHOCYTES-REGULATORY: im.
147.  REFS.
Yasunaga-T.  Sagata-N.  Ikawa-Y.
Protease gene structure and env gene variability of the *AIDS* virus.
Apr 21. 199(2)
Computation Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research,
145-50.
GENES-STRUCTURAL.  GENES-VIRAL.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ge.
PEPTIDE-HYDROLASES: ge.  VARIATION-GENETICS.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  COMPARATIVE-STUDY.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: en.  HUMAN.  PHYLOGENY.  RETROVIRIDAE:
ge.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
The protease gene structure and the env gene variability have been
precisely compared between the *AIDS* virus and members of the
HTLV/BLV family.  The conserved amino acid sequence (LVDT) which is
repeated in the proteases of the HTLV/BLV family is not repeated in
the striking fact that the env gene of *AIDS* virus is 8-12-times more
variable than those of the HTLV/BLV family.  Within the *AIDS* virus
env gene, the surface glycoprotein region is more liable to vary
than is the transmembrane region; unexpectedly, however, this
liability is not a characteristic feature of the *AIDS* virus because
it is more prominent in other retroviruses including members of the
HTLV/BLV family.  Author.
Borek-E.  Sharma-O-K.  Buschman-F-L.  Cohn-D-L.  Penley-K-A.
Judson-F-N.  Dobozin-B-S.  Horsburgh-C-R-Jr.  Kirkpatrick-C-H.
Altered excretion of modified nucleosides and beta-aminoisobutyric
acid in subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or at risk
for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Cancer-Res
May. 46(5)
Department of Molecular Biology, AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver,
2557-61.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: ur.  AMINOISOBUTYRIC-ACIDS: ur.
HOMOSEXUALITY.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: ur.  NUCLEOSIDES: ur.
ADULT.  AGED.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS:
im.  HUMAN.  MALE.  MIDDLE-AGE.  SARCOMA-KAPOSIS: ur.
SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.  SUPPORT-U-S-GOVT-P-H-S.
Urinary excretion of modified nucleosides and beta-aminoisobutyric
acid, subsequently referred to as markers, was determined in
populations of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
*(AIDS)* or at risk for development of *AIDS.*  Our results show that
markers as compared to male heterosexuals.  This aberrant excretion
was more pronounced in asymptomatic adult male homosexuals with
antibodies to HTLV-III.  Significantly greater excretion of
1-methylinosine, N4-acetylcytidine, and N2-methylguanosine was
observed in asymptomatic adult male homosexuals with antibodies to
HTLV-III than in asymptomatic male homosexuals without antibodies to
HTLV-III.  Increased amounts of markers were also excreted by
subjects with the generalized or chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome,
*AIDS* related complex (ARC), or *AIDS.*  In these subjects, the most
pronounced differences between groups were between subjects with
chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome and those with ARC; subjects with
ARC excreted greater amounts of seven of the ten urinary markers.
There were few differences between subjects with ARC and those with
*AIDS,* Kaposi's sarcoma, or *AIDS* with opportunistic infections.  This
observation may be useful for identifying subjects who are at risk
of developing *AIDS.*  A prospective study to test this hypothesis is
Koyanagi-Y.  Harada-S.  Yamamoto-N.
Establishment of a high production system for *AIDS* retroviruses with
a human T-leukemic cell line Molt-4.
Cancer-Lett
Mar. 30(3)
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Yamaguchi University School
299-310.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: gd.
CELL-LINE.  HUMAN.  IN-VITRO.  LEUKEMIA.  MOLECULAR-WEIGHT.
RETROVIRIDAE-PROTEINS: an.  REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE: me.
SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.  T-LYMPHOCYTES: mi.  VIRION: an.
A cell culture system was developed for the continuous and efficient
production of acquired immune deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* retrovirus.
After infection of a human T-cell line Molt-4 with HTLV-III and LAV
the cells grow permanently and produce large amounts of virus
either with reverse transcriptase activity or a newly established
biological quantitation assay of active virus.  The amounts of virus
with this cell system were much higher than those of the H9 cell
system.  This procedure enabled us first to compare the two viral
isolates HTLV-III and LAV directly in the same cell line.
Establishment of the culture system, allowing efficient production
of *AIDS* retroviruses, provides a useful tool for the isolation of
the virus from patients with *AIDS* and for more basic research, such
as the mechanisms of immune destruction caused by the virus leading
to the occurrence of various malignancies.  Author.
Burkes-R-L.  Sherrod-A-E.  Stewart-M-L.  Gill-P-S.  Aguilar-S.
Taylor-C-R.  Krailo-M-D.  Levine-A-M.
Serum beta-2 microglobulin levels in homosexual men with *AIDS* and
with persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy.
Cancer
Jun 1. 57(11)
Department of Internal Medicine, Los Angeles County-University of
2190-2.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: bl.  BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN: bl.
LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: bl.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.
COMPARATIVE-STUDY.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.
HUMAN.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: mi.  MALE.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
In order to investigate the nature of the immune disorders
associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* and
the AIDS-related condition of persistent, generalized
lymphadenopathy (PGL), serum beta-2 microglobulin (beta 2-M) levels
homosexual and heterosexual controls.  Sixteen of 20 (80%) patients
with *AIDS* exhibited elevated beta 2-M levels.  In contrast, 20 of 44
(45%) patients with PGL, 4 of 20 (20%) asymptomatic homosexuals, and
only 3 of 46 (7%) heterosexuals had increased serum beta 2-M levels
(P less than 0.001).  When considering mean levels of beta 2-M, only
the asymptomatic control individuals had normal values.  *AIDS*
patients had significantly higher mean beta 2-M levels when compared
to all other groups (P less than 0.05).  The mean level for PGL
patients was greater than that in the homosexual and heterosexual
controls (P less than 0.05).  No relationship was found between
presence of antibody to human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV-III)
and beta 2-M levels in the patients with *AIDS* or PGL.  The authors
conclude that beta 2-M is elevated in patients with *AIDS* and PGL,
suggesting an increased turnover of a certain subpopulation of
lymphocytes in these patients.  Beta 2-M levels also appear to
parallel disease activity, as well as immune dysfunction, with the
Boyko-W-J.  Schechter-M-T.  MacLeod-A.  Douglas-B.  Maynard-M.
Sharp-R.  Wiggs-B.
Diagnostic utility of lymphocyte subset analysis in *AIDS* case
finding.
Can-Med-Assoc-J
May 1. 134(9)
Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study Group, St. Paul's Hospital, BC.
1013-7.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: di.  T-LYMPHOCYTES: im.
BIOPSY.  COMPARATIVE-STUDY.  HELPER-CELLS: im.  HOMOSEXUALITY.
HUMAN.  LEUKOCYTE-COUNT.  LYMPH-NODES: pa.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: di.
MALE.  RISK.  SARCOMA-KAPOSIS: di.  SUPPRESSOR-CELLS: im.
Abnormalities of lymphocyte subsets, especially low absolute number
of helper T cells, are characteristically present in acquired immune
deficiency syndrome *(AIDS).*  Similar abnormalities can be found in
patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) or
people who have been exposed to human T-lymphotropic virus type III
(HTLV-III).  Nevertheless, there appears to be a widespread
perception that lymphocyte subset analysis may be useful in *AIDS*
case finding within high-risk groups.  We evaluated the diagnostic
utility of absolute number of helper T cells and ratio of helper to
suppressor T cells in 33 patients with *AIDS,* 43 patients with PGL
who had been referred for lymph node biopsy, 90 patients with PGL
and 195 male homosexual controls.  At conventional cutoff levels the
tests did not appear to revise the probability of *AIDS* upward to any
clinically significant degree when the pretest probability of *AIDS*
was low.  Lymphocyte subset analysis does not appear to be a
cost-effective method of *AIDS* case finding in identified groups at
risk in which the prevalence of *AIDS* is low.  Author.
Miller-D.  Jeffries-D-J.  Green-J.  Harris-J-R.  Pinching-A-J.
HTLV-III: should testing ever be routine?.
Apr 5. 292(6525)
National *AIDS* Counselling Training Unit, St Mary's Hospital, London.
941-3.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: pc.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.
DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS-ROUTINE.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: di, tm.  COUNSELING.
ETHICS-MEDICAL.  FEMALE.  HUMAN.  MALE.  PREGNANCY.  PUBLIC-HEALTH.
Bromwich-P-D.  Walker-A-P.  Gregson-S-H.  Ross-C-F.  Eglin-R-P.
Macey-J-E.
Screening for antibodies to HTLV-III amongst the semen donors of an
AID programme.
Br-J-Obstet-Gynaecol
Mar. 93(3)
Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe
279-81.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.
INSEMINATION-ARTIFICIAL.  INSEMINATION-ARTIFICIAL-HETEROLOGOUS.
FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY-TECHNIC.  HUMAN.  MALE.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
This study suggests that, at the present time, AID is not likely to
be a significant risk factor in the transmission of *AIDS* in Britain,
particularly in centres which are already practising careful
screening of semen donors.  New facilities which are becoming
that semen donations are free from the virus.  Author.
Muhlemann-M-F.  Anderson-M-G.  Paradinas-F-J.  Key-P-R.  Dawson-S-G.
Evans-B-A.  Murray-Lyon-I-M.  Cream-J-J.
Early warning skin signs in *AIDS* and persistent generalized
lymphadenopathy.
Br-J-Dermatol
Apr. 114(4)
Department of Dermatology, Charing Cross Hospital, London.
419-24.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: co.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: co.
SKIN-DISEASES: et.
DERMATOMYCOSES: et.  FOLLICULITIS: et.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS:
im.  HUMAN.  IMPETIGO: et.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: im.  MALE.
Distinctive patterns of skin disease other than Kaposi's sarcoma
have been in patients with *AIDS,* in others with persistent
generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) and in a group at high risk of
developing *AIDS.*  We found a chronic acneiform folliculitis on the
infections and a striking neck and beard impetigo.  These skin
diseases were not present in asymptomatic male homosexual control
subjects, 32% of whom were found to have antibodies to human T cell
lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).  We regard these dermatoses
as early warning signs of *AIDS.*  Author.
Chandra-P.  Sarin-P-S.
Selective inhibition of replication of the AIDS-associated virus
HTLV-III/LAV by synthetic D-penicillamine.
Arzneimittelforschung
Feb. 36(2)
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Frankfurt University Medical
184-6.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: de.  PENICILLAMINE: pd.
ANTIBODIES-MONOCLONAL: an.  CELLS-CULTURED.  DEPRESSION-CHEMICAL.
FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY-TECHNIC.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ph.
A new antimetabolite approach to block the replication of the *AIDS*
(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)-associated virus is described.
In this communication the effect of a synthetic D-penicillamine
(Trolovol) and L-penicillamine on the replication of HTLV-III/LAV
determined by measuring the expression of HTLV-III proteins p15 and
p24 using monoclonal antibodies in an immunofluorescence assay
system.  A concentration dependent inhibition of HTLV-III
replication by D- and L-penicillamine was observed.  At lower
concentrations L-penicillamine was more effective than
D-penicillamine.  However, at concentrations above 20 micrograms/ml
the inhibitory response of both isomers is similar.  To obtain a
total inhibition a drug concentration of 40 micrograms/ml was needed
for both isomers.  Cytotoxicity of the compounds in uninfected H9
cells was observed only at high concentrations; e.g., at 500
micrograms/ml a 32% inhibition was found for D-penicillamine and a
24% inhibition for L-penicillamine.  In the presence of D- or
L-penicillamine there was a significant increase in cell density of
infected H9 cell cultures, indicating that both the compounds have a
protective effect on H9 cells.  In view of the low cytotoxicity, a
selective antiviral activity against HTLV-III/LAV, and a T-cell
Pippard-M-J.  Dalgleish-A.  Gibson-P.  Malkovsky-M.  Webster-A-D.
Acquired immunodeficiency with disseminated cryptococcosis.
Arch-Dis-Child
Mar. 61(3)
Department of Paediatrics, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow,
289-91.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: co.  CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: et.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  BRAIN-DISEASES: cf, et.
CASE-REPORT.  CEREBRAL-CORTEX: pa.  CHILD.  CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: cf, dt.
HUMAN.  MALE.
A 9 year old Portuguese boy presented with severe wasting and a
disseminated cryptococcal infection that resolved after massive
doses of intrathecal and parenteral antifungal agents.  Clinical and
laboratory findings were consistent with *AIDS.*  Apart from neonatal
III infection.  Author.
Henderson-D-K.  Saah-A-J.  Zak-B-J.  Kaslow-R-A.  Lane-H-C.  Folks-T.
Blackwelder-W-C.  Schmitt-J.  LaCamera-D-J.  Masur-H.  et al.
Risk of nosocomial infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus
type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in a large cohort of
intensively exposed health care workers.
Ann-Intern-Med
May. 104(5)
Hospital Epidemiology Service, National Institute of Allergy and
644-7.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: tm.  CROSS-INFECTION: tm.
OCCUPATIONAL-DISEASES: tm.  PERSONNEL-HOSPITAL.
ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY.  EPIDEMIOLOGIC-METHODS.  HUMAN.
LABORATORY-INFECTION: tm.  NATIONAL-INSTITUTES-OF-HEALTH-U-S.
PROSPECTIVE-STUDIES.  QUESTIONNAIRES.  RISK.  UNITED-STATES.
To assess the risk of nosocomial transmission of human T-cell
lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus
(HTLV-III/LAV), we prospectively evaluated a cohort of 531 health
care workers.  One hundred fifty of these employees reported
from a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)*
during the treatment of 238 such patients since 1981.  None of these
150 employees had serologic evidence of HTLV-III/LAV infection on
follow-up from 6 to 46 months after exposure.  Of the 150, 46 were
studied immunologically and 29 had lymphocytes cultured for
HTLV-III/LAV.  Results of all studies were normal.  Of the 531
employees, 3 (0.56%) had serologic evidence of HTLV-III/LAV
infection.  All were seropositive at the time of study entry; none
reported adverse nosocomial exposures.  All acknowledged membership
in one or more established risk groups for *AIDS.*  This study
provides strong evidence that the risk of nosocomial transmission of
HTLV-III/LAV is extremely low.  Author.
Collier-A-C.  Barnes-R-C.  Handsfield-H-H.
Prevalence of antibody to LAV/HTLV-III among homosexual men in
Seattle.
Am-J-Public-Health
May. 76(5)
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
564-5.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im, tm.  ADULT.
AMBULATORY-CARE-FACILITIES.  EPIDEMIOLOGIC-METHODS.  HUMAN.  MALE.
QUESTIONNAIRES.  SEX-BEHAVIOR.  WASHINGTON.
The prevalence of antibody to LAV/HTLV-III among homosexual men
attending a community clinic and a sexually transmitted disease
clinic in Seattle, Washington in early 1985 was 42 per cent and 32
per cent, respectively.  Seropositivity was apparently not related
LAV/HTLV-III seropositivity in an area where overt *AIDS* (acquired
immune deficiency syndrome) is still relatively uncommon suggests
that public health measures to prevent acquisition and transmission
of LAV/HTLV-III should be a high priority even in areas with low
incidences of *AIDS.*  Author.
Tenner-Racz-K.  Racz-P.  Bofill-M.  Schulz-Meyer-A.  Dietrich-M.
Kern-P.  Weber-J.  Pinching-A-J.  Veronese-Dimarzo-F.  Popovic-M.
HTLV-III/LAV viral antigens in lymph nodes of homosexual men with
persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and *AIDS.*
Am-J-Pathol
Apr. 123(1)
Department of Haematology, Allegemeines Krankenhaus St. Georg,
9-15.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  ANTIGENS-VIRAL: an.
HOMOSEXUALITY.  LYMPH-NODES: mi.  LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: mi.
ADOLESCENCE.  ADULT.  ANTIBODIES-MONOCLONAL.  CHILD.
CHILD-PRESCHOOL.  FEMALE.  FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY-TECHNIC.
HISTOCYTOCHEMISTRY.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  HUMAN.
LYMPHATIC-DISEASES: pa.  MALE.  MICROSCOPY-ELECTRON.  MIDDLE-AGE.
The presence of core antigens of retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV, referred
to as "AIDS-related virus" (AV), has been sought in lymph node
samples of patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
(PGL, 28 patients), prodromal *AIDS* (1 patient) and *AIDS* with Kaposi
antigens, detected by monoclonal antibodies to HTLV-III and LAV,
could be observed within the germinal centers (GCs) primarily within
the extracellular network of immune complexes, and the two patients
who were negative were atypical.  No AV could be found in normal
tonsil or in samples with follicular hyperplasia of unknown etiology
(20 cases).  These findings, taken together with the ultrastructural
identification of typical retrovirus particles in all 9 PGL and 2
*AIDS* cases studied, indicates that the network of follicular
dendritic (FD) cells is an important reservoir of AV virus antigen
at this site.  The persistence of this retrovirus inside the GCs
helps explain how the follicular hyperplasia affecting FD cells and
B blasts in PGL may in progressive cases be accompanied by
destruction of FD cells and gradual development of T4+ lymphopenia.
T4+ T cells may circulate through the GCs and become infected with
AV there.  In addition, the identification of retrovirus antigen in
situ may be of diagnostic value.  Author.
Schur-W.  Asamer-H.
[Diagnosis and therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a
patient with *AIDS].*
Wien-Klin-Wochenschr
Mar 7. 98(5)
Interne Abteilung, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Bruder, Salzburg.
137-41.
PNEUMONIA-PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII: di.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: di.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: dt, im.  CASE-REPORT.
DRUG-COMBINATIONS: tu.  ENGLISH-ABSTRACT.  HELPER-CELLS: im.
HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  HUMAN.
IMMUNOENZYME-TECHNICS.  INTERFERON-TYPE-I: tu.  LEUKOCYTE-COUNT.
The clinical, immunological and histological findings in a patient
suffering the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia are discussed.  At the time of diagnosis *HTLV* III
antibodies were not demonstrable.  Treatment with trimethoprim
III antibodies became demonstrable after 5 months; the markedly
decreased Helper/Suppressor ratio of 0.30 remained unchanged.
Gallo-R-C.  Sarngadharan-M-G.  Popovic-M.  Shaw-G-M.  Hahn-B.
Wong-Staal-F.  Robert-Guroff-M.  Zaki-Salahuddin-S.  Markham-P-D.
HTLV-III and the etiology of *AIDS.*
Prog-Allergy
37
1-45. (REVIEW).
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: et.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS:
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im, oc.  ANIMAL.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: ip.  ANTIGENS-VIRAL: im.  CELL-LINE.
CYTOPATHOGENIC-EFFECT-VIRAL.  DNA-VIRAL: ip.  EPIDEMIOLOGIC-METHODS.
GENES-VIRAL.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ge, im.  HUMAN.
121.  REFS.
Arya-S-K.  Gallo-R-C.
Three novel genes of human T-lymphotropic virus type III: immune
reactivity of their products with sera from acquired immune
deficiency syndrome patients.
Apr. 83(7)
2209-13.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  GENES-VIRAL.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ge.  RETROVIRIDAE-PROTEINS: im.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi.  BASE-SEQUENCE.
CLONING-MOLECULAR.  DNA: ge.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.
HUMAN.  MOLECULAR-WEIGHT.  PROTEIN-CONFORMATION.
RETROVIRIDAE-PROTEINS: ge.  SOLUBILITY.  TRANSLATION-GENETIC.
Human T-lymphotropic virus type III or lymphoadenopathy associated
virus (HTLV-III/LAV) is the cause of acquired immune deficiency
syndrome *(AIDS).*  In addition to the conventional retroviral genes
involved in virus replication, namely, gag, pol, and env genes, DNA
reading frames termed by us short open reading frame (sor) and 3'
open reading frame (3' orf).  Furthermore, functional analysis
revealed another gene with transactivating function, termed tat.  We
have now structurally identified and functionally characterized
these HTLV-III specific genes by way of cDNA cloning.  DNA sequence
analysis of the clones shows that the tat and 3' orf genes contain
three exons and their transcription into functional mRNA involves
two splicing events and that the sor gene contains at least two
exons.  In vitro transcription and translation of the cloned spliced
sequences show that the sor, tat, and 3' orf genes code for
polypeptides with apparent mobility of 24-25 kDa, 14-15 kDa, and
26-28 kDa, respectively.  All three polypeptides are immune reactive
and are immunogenic in the natural host.  The results demonstrate
that the three extra open reading frames of HTLV-III, two of which
are unique to HTLV-III, are in fact genes that function in vivo and
further allow the identification of three new and previously
Hu-S-L.  Kosowski-S-G.  Dalrymple-J-M.
Expression of *AIDS* virus envelope gene in recombinant vaccinia
viruses.
Apr 10-16. 320(6062)
Oncogen, Seattle, Washington 98121.
537-40.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ge.  VACCINIA-VIRUS: ge.
HELA-CELLS.  HUMAN.  MOLECULAR-WEIGHT.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* is an infectious disease
characterized by severe impairment of the patient's cell-mediated
immune system.  Several lines of evidence have indicated that the
aetiological agent of *AIDS* is a group of T-lymphotropic
(LAV), human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) and
AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).  Serological surveys have
indicated that as many as one million people in the United States
may have been infected by LAV/HTLV-III, and the spread of *AIDS* has
become a global concern.  The need for a better understanding of the
viral immunology and for a vaccine against *AIDS* is self-evident.  To
this end, we have constructed recombinant vaccinia viruses
containing the envelope (env) gene of LAV, and demonstrate here that
cells infected with these viruses express immunoreactive proteins
similar to those present on LAV virions.  Experimental animals
infected with these recombinant viruses elicited antibodies that
specifically recognized LAV envelope proteins.  Author.
Chakrabarti-S.  Robert-Guroff-M.  Wong-Staal-F.  Gallo-R-C.  Moss-B.
Expression of the HTLV-III envelope gene by a recombinant vaccinia
virus.
Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and
535-7.
GENE-EXPRESSION-REGULATION.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ge.
VACCINIA-VIRUS: ge.
DNA-RECOMBINANT.  ELECTROPHORESIS-POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL.
FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY-TECHNIC.  GLUCOSAMINE: me.  HUMAN.  METHIONINE:
me.  MOLECULAR-WEIGHT.  VIRAL-ENVELOPE-PROTEINS: ge.
The discovery that the aetiological agent of acquired immune
deficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* is a retrovirus, referred to as human
T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) or
lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) (for review see ref.  1), has
envelope (env) proteins of murine retroviruses can induce protective
immunity in mice.  The HTLV-III env gene specifies a primary
polypeptide of approximately 860 amino acids that is glycosylated to
form a precursor of relative molecular mass (Mr) 160,000 (gp160),
which gives rise to mature membrane-associated proteins of Mr
120,000 (gp120) and 41,000 (gp41).  The HTLV-III env gene has been
expressed in Escherichia coli and by simian virus 40 (SV40) vectors
but formation of the authentic proteins has not been demonstrated.
Here, we describe the expression of the complete env gene by a
vaccinia virus vector.  Evidence is presented that synthesis,
glycosylation, processing and membrane transport of the env
polypeptide occurred without other HTLV-III gene functions; the env
protein was recognized by sera from unrelated *AIDs* patients; and a
single vaccination with the infectious recombinant vaccinia virus
induced antibodies to gp120 in mice.  Author.
Fisher-A-G.  Feinberg-M-B.  Josephs-S-F.  Harper-M-E.  Marselle-L-M.
Reyes-G.  Gonda-M-A.  Aldovini-A.  Debouk-C.  Gallo-R-C.  et al.
The trans-activator gene of HTLV-III is essential for virus
replication.
Mar 27-Apr 2. 320(6060)
367-71.
TRANSCRIPTION-FACTORS: ge.  VIRAL-PROTEINS: ge.  VIRUS-REPLICATION.
GENE-EXPRESSION-REGULATION.  GENETIC-COMPLEMENTATION-TEST.
Studies of the genomic structure of human T-lymphotropic virus type
III (HTLV-III) and related viruses, implicated as the causal agent
of acquired immune deficiency syndrome *(AIDS),* have identified a
sixth open reading frame in addition to the five previously known
tat-III, lies between the sor and env genes and is able to mediate
activation, in a trans configuration, of the genes linked to
HTLV-III long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences.  We now present
evidence that the product of tat-III is an absolute requirement for
virus expression.  We show that derivatives of a biologically
competent molecular clone of HTLV-III, in which the tat-III gene is
deleted or the normal splicing abrogated, failed to produce or
expressed unusually low levels of virus, respectively, when
transfected into T-cell cultures.  The capacity of these
tat-III-defective genomes was transiently restored by
co-transfection of a plasmid clone containing a functional tat-III
gene or by introducing the TAT-III protein itself.  As HTLV-III and
related viruses are the presumed causal agents of *AIDS* and
associated conditions, the observation that tat-III is critical for
HTLV-III replication has important clinical implications, and
suggests that specific inhibition of the activity of tat-III could
McCray-E.
Occupational risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among
health care workers.
Apr 24. 314(17)
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
1127-32.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: tm.  HEALTH-OCCUPATIONS.
OCCUPATIONAL-DISEASES: tm.
ACCIDENTS-OCCUPATIONAL.  ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: mi, oc.
ADOLESCENCE.  ADULT.  AGED.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  BODY-FLUIDS: mi.
FEMALE.  FOLLOW-UP-STUDIES.  HUMAN.  MALE.  MIDDLE-AGE.  NEEDLES.
OCCUPATIONAL-DISEASES: oc.  PROSPECTIVE-STUDIES.  PUNCTURES.  RISK.
In August 1983, we initiated nationwide prospective surveillance of
percent) and appears to be related to parenteral exposure to blood.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* or AIDS-related illnesses.
prospectively the risk to health care workers of acquiring the *AIDS*
virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type
III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), as a result of
occupational exposures.  By December 31, 1985, 938 health care
workers were being followed in the surveillance project.  The mean
length of follow-up was 15 months (range, 0 to 56) and 531 health
care workers (57 percent) had been followed for more than one year.
Needlestick injuries and cuts with sharp instruments accounted for
76 percent of the exposures.  Over 85 percent of all exposures were
to blood or serum.  None of the health care workers have acquired
signs or symptoms of *AIDS.*  Analyses of T-lymphocyte subsets were
performed for 341 (36 percent) of the exposed health care workers,
and tests for antibody to HTLV-III/LAV were performed for 451 (48
percent).  Seven health care workers who had low helper/suppressor
T-lymphocyte ratios on initial testing were retested; only three had
persistently low ratios.  Only two health care workers tested were
upper bound of the 95 percent confidence interval for the
Brennan-J-E.  Severns-M-L.  Kline-L-M.  Goodkofsky-I.  Dodd-R-Y.
A robotic system to prepare samples for HTLV-III testing.
Med-Instrum
Jan-Feb. 20(1)
American Red Cross Laboratories, Bethesda, MD 20814.
45-7.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  AUTOMATION: is.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS:
im.  IMMUNOASSAY: is.
A robotic handling system was adapted to perform the sampling and
dilution steps needed in an assay to detect antibodies to the
HTLV-III virus, the causative agent of *AIDS.*  The system reduced the
labor required to prepare the samples and provided standardization
and accuracy in the preparation of the samples.  Author.
McCombie-S-C.
Tonsillectomy as a co-factor in the development of *AIDS.*
Med-Hypotheses
Mar. 19(3)
Pima County Health Department, Tucson, Arizona.
291-3.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  MODELS-BIOLOGICAL.
TONSILLECTOMY.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: et.  ADENOIDS: im.  ADULT.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im.  HUMAN.  MALE.
RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: im.  RISK.  TONSIL: im.
Hypotheses regarding the factors that predispose individuals to
developing *AIDS* after exposure to HTLV-III/LAV are beginning to
emerge.  It is suggested here that surgical removal of tonsils in
childhood may increase the risk of developing opportunistic
Gottlieb-M-S.
Immunologic aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and
male homosexuality.
Med-Clin-North-Am
May. 70(3)
University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine.
651-64.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: im.  HOMOSEXUALITY.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: co, di.  EUROPE.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.  HUMAN.  MALE.
PNEUMONIA-PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII: et.  RISK.  SARCOMA-KAPOSIS: et.
SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.  SUPPORT-U-S-GOVT-P-H-S.  T-LYMPHOCYTES: mi.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS)* is the most common and
best characterized disorder of T cells leading to enhanced
susceptibility to infection.  Current hypotheses hold that infection
with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy virus
development of *AIDS,* and that a variety of cofactors participate in
the pathogenesis of the syndrome.  This article reviews the
immunologic aspects of *AIDS* and the AIDS-related syndromes, as well
as concepts of etiology and pathogenesis.  Predisposing factors for
this disease in the homosexual or bisexual host are emphasized.
Castro-K-G.  Hardy-A-M.  Curran-J-W.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: epidemiology and risk
factors for transmission.
*AIDS* Program, Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Department of
635-49.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: oc.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: et, tm.  ADULT.
BLOOD-TRANSFUSION: ae.  CHILD.  FEMALE.  HEMOPHILIA: co.
HEROIN-DEPENDENCE: co.  HOMOSEXUALITY.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS.
HUMAN.  MALE.  MIDDLE-AGE.  RISK.  UNITED-STATES.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndromE *(AIDS)* is a very serious
illness caused by a human T-lymphotropic retrovirus: human
T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus
(HTLV-III/LAV).  It primarily affects young adults living in one of
but heterosexual men and women have also been affected.
Heterosexual men and women who use intravenous drugs, who are
hemophiliacs, or who are sex partners of *AIDS* patients appear to be
at increased risk for developing the disease.  Author.
Peterman-T-A.  Lang-G-R.  Mikos-N-J.  Solomon-S-L.  Schable-C-A.
Feorino-P-M.  Britz-J-A.  Allen-J-R.
HTLV-III/LAV infection in hemodialysis patients.
May 2. 255(17)
*AIDS* Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
2324-6.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  HEMODIALYSIS.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS:
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: tm.  BLOOD-TRANSFUSION: ae.
CHICAGO.  FALSE-POSITIVE-REACTIONS.  FEMALE.  HEALTH-MANPOWER.
HEMODIALYSIS: ae.  HUMAN.  IMMUNOENZYME-TECHNICS.  MALE.  MIDDLE-AGE.
Twenty-five (4.8%) of 520 hemodialysis patients were seropositive
for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type
III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) by enzyme
immunoassay.  Four had high reactivity on enzyme immunoassay and
positive culture.  The remaining 21 seropositive patients had low
reactivity on enzyme immunoassay, negative results of Western blot
tests, and negative cultures.  All had received blood transfusions
and 19 had antibodies to antigens associated with the H9 cell line
used to propagate HTLV-III for serological tests.  We found that
HTLV-III/LAV was not transmitted in the dialysis centers.  Frequent
blood transfusion places dialysis patients at risk for HTLV-III/LAV
infection, but may more commonly lead to false-positive results of
enzyme immunoassay tests.  Author.
Groopman-J-E.  Hammer-S-M.  Sallan-S-E.  Allan-J-D.
Human T-lymphotropic virus type III infection in previously
immunocompromised hosts.
J-Clin-Oncol
Apr. 4(4)
Department of Hematology/Oncology, New England Deaconess Hospital,
540-3.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION.  RETROVIRUS-INFECTIONS: im.
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME: et.  ADULT.  AGED.
ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  BLOOD-TRANSFUSION.  CASE-REPORT.  CHILD.
FEMALE.  HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: im, ip.  HUMAN.  MALE.
SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.  T-LYMPHOCYTES: cl, im.
The human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is the primary
etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *(AIDS).*
HTLV-III infection in patients with prior underlying immune
deficiency states such as cancer has not yet been studied.  We
infections in previously immunocompromised patients that resulted
from transfusion-acquired HTLV-III infection.  Development of
unusual infectious diseases in patients with neoplasms and other
underlying immune deficiency disorders should lead to consideration
of HTLV-III infection.  Surveillance data should be obtained on
these patients to accurately define the scope of HTLV-III infection.
Donnelly-R-P.  Tsang-K-Y.  Galbraith-G-M.  Wallace-J-I.
Inhibition of interleukin-2-induced T-cell proliferation by sera
from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
J-Clin-Immunol
Jan. 6(1)
Department of Basic and Clinical Immunology and Microbiology,
92-101.
MITOGENIC-FACTORS-LYMPHOCYTE: im.  T-LYMPHOCYTES: im.
ANIMAL.  ANTIBODIES-VIRAL: an.  CELL-LINE.  CYTOTOXICITY-IMMUNOLOGIC.
HUMAN-T-CELL-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS: ip.  HUMAN.  IMMUNOSUPPRESSION.
LYMPHOCYTE-TRANSFORMATION.  MALE.  MICE.  PHENOTYPE.
Sera from 22 patients with either lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS),
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex (ARC), or
acquired immune deficiency syndrome were examined for their effect
on the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative response of an
sera included in this study were positive for the presence of
antibodies against human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III
(HTLV-III) as determined by an HTLV-III-specific enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  Eighteen of the 22 patient sera
examined (81.8%) exhibited at least a modest suppressive effect on
the proliferative response of CTL-20 cells.  The inhibitory effect
was dose-dependent and varied in intensity for each individual serum.
In many cases, the magnitude of suppression was absolute in that it
totally abrogated IL-2-induced DNA synthesis.  Normal human serum
(NHS) exerted no suppressive influence on the IL-2-induced
proliferative response of identical control cultures.  This same
panel of 22 patient sera exhibited no significant inhibitory effects
on the levels of protein synthesis in cultures of a
non-IL-2-dependent human T-cell line, CCRF-HSB-2, indicating that
the suppressive effect was not mediated by nonspecific serum
cytotoxicity.  The inhibitory effect of patient sera in the
observations are particularly striking in view of the recognized
Horsburgh-C-R-Jr.  Davis-K-C.  Hasiba-U.  Weiss-S-H.  Goedert-J-J.
Sarin-P.  Kirkpatrick-C-H.
Altered immunity in hemophilia correlates with the presence of
antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).
Conrad D. Stephenson Laboratory for Research in Immunology,
37-42.
ADULT.  ANTIBODY-FORMATION.  COMPARATIVE-STUDY.  DNA-REPLICATION.
HEPATITIS-B-SURFACE-ANTIGENS: an.  HUMAN.  HYPERSENSITIVITY-DELAYED.
IMMUNITY.  LYMPHOCYTE-TRANSFORMATION.  LYMPHOCYTES: cl, im.  MALE.
PHENOTYPE.  SKIN-TESTS.  SUPPORT-NON-U-S-GOVT.
Twenty-nine heterosexual patients with hemophilia were investigated
with histories, physical examinations, laboratory evaluations of
immune function, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, and assays for
HTLV-III antibody negative.  No patient had the acquired immune
deficiency syndrome *(AIDS).*  Patients who had antibody to HTLV-III
had received significantly more units and lots of factor
concentrates in the preceding 5 years than those who did not have
antibody.  HTLV-III antibody-positive patients had significantly
fewer total T cells (Leu-1 positive) and significantly fewer helper
T cells (Leu-3 positive) than HTLV-III negative patients.
Antibody-positive patients also had increased amounts of IgG and
decreased thymidine incorporation in response to concanavalin A in
vitro.  There were no differences in in vitro lymphocyte responses
to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen, Candida, tetanus, or
purified protein derivative (PPD), no significant impairments of
gamma interferon or interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and no anergy.
Ten patients with antibody to HTLV-III had immunologic studies
repeated 1 year after the original evaluation.  A significant
increase was seen in suppressor (Leu-2-positive) T cells but not in
these abnormalities may remain stable over prolonged periods.