pimp issue fifteen

| |
---+--------------------------------------+----
| ____ ____ _ _ ____ |
| \ | |_ _| | \__/ | | / |
| \ _| _||_ | | | /_| | |
|__| |____| |_|\/|_| |__| --+----------------+---
| | |
---+----------- PROBE INDUSTRIES MAGAZINE PHILES
| | ISSUE NUMBER 15
---+--- RELEASED: 11/20/97 |
| |
----------+-------------------------------+----
| |
|
--------+-----
| get new issues and news from us via the web:

http://www.dope.org/pimp/ |
---------------+---
|

preface:

the magazine following is an electronic publication to help inform
society on details they may overlook in life, computers and
telephony they may not understand, and to broaden anyone and
everyone's knowledge. there is no blatently illegal information
discussed here. there is knowledge and understanding..

knowledge is the power, the power to the people, the people
are the knowledge. everything is on a need to know basis for us.
we all need the want to know.

==============================
contents for issue fifteen
==============================

╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕
╕ ╕ ╕
╕ THE ╕ THE LARGEST CELLULAR GLOSSARY and acronyms compilation ╕
╕ ╕ you will ever see. This mainly pertains to cell sites ╕
╕ BIG ONE ╕ and cellular radios. ╕
╕ ╕ ╕
╕ ╕ pimped: anonymously ╕
╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕
╕ ╕ ╕
╕ SECOND ╕ news for and about the underground ╕
╕ ╕ ------------------------------------ ╕
╕ SEKSHUN ╕ EPHEDRA gets GANKED! ╕
╕ ╕ -fringe ╕
╕ ╕ ╕
╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕╕

+-----------------------------------------------------+

oneoneone1oneoneone
oneoneon11oneoneone
oneoneo1e1oneoneone
oneoneone1oneoneone
oneoneone1oneoneone
oneoneone1oneoneone
oneone111111eoneone

[ ]
|
|
|
|
|
__________________|
./ //// \
| //// |
| |
| ____________ |
| | |[] | Oki 900 art
| | |[] | courtesy of jcgangster
| | |[] |
| |____________|[] |
| |
| ( 1 )( 2 )( 3 ) |
| ( 4 )( 5 )( 6 ) |
| ( 7 )( 8 )( 9 ) |
| ( * )( 0 )( # ) |
| ( )( )( )( ) |
| (Snd)(Clr)(End) |
| |
| |
| ////////// |
\___________________/

Welcome to the biggest cellular glossary you will
ever need.. hopefully this will teach people cellco
jargon and maybe help them understand things better.

When pimp received this file, there were no marks
on it as to who owned it or whether or not it was
considered confidential.. so it isn't.. it's just
definitions that are hard to get.

+----------------------------------------------------------+

$APPL1
IS-41 Converter- Tandem Application Disk

$DATA
IS-41 Converter- Tandem Data Disk

$S
Spooler Subsystem Collector Process

$SP25
Spooler Subsystem Craft Workstation Print Process

$SPLP
Spooler Subsystem CLX Print Process

$SPLS
Spooler Subsystem Supervisor Process

$SYSTEM
IS-41 Converter- Tandem System Disk

10-Channel Junction
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to combine the output of the nine (9)
cavity filters to produce a single output for the transmit antenna (via
the harmonic filter).

100 Call Seconds
See CCS (100 Call Seconds).

125 mS
A frame timing reference signal generated by the STC in the XC GCLK
card.

1.544 Mbps
Data transmission rate of a single frame, comprised of 24 64 kbps
channels.

16.384 Mhz
A TDM clock timing reference signal generated by the STC in the XC GCLK
card.

1-Plus
Areas where a digit "1" must be dialed before a telephone number. A
1-plus usually indicates a toll call or an extended area call.

1WL
One-way level.

1WN
One-way noise.

2.048 Mbps
Data transmission rate of a single frame, comprised of 32 64 kbps
channels.

3-sector
Antenna configuration, requires one transmit antenna per 120-degree
sector, plus two receive antennas for diversity reception. Duplexers
may be used to combine transmit and receive functions on the same
antenna. Allows a 7-cell reuse pattern for voice channels.

4MRAM
Four Megabyte Random Access Memory

6-sector
Antenna configuration, requires six 60-degree antennas. Each antenna
both transmits and receives. Allows a 4-cell reuse pattern for voice
channels.

6.12 S
A superframe timing reference signal generated by the STC in the XC
GCLK card.

60 mS
A synchronization timing reference signal generated by the STC in the
XC GCLK card.

64 kbps
Data transmission rate of a single channel, based upon eight bit words
and 8000 samples per second.

Pressing the "Control" and "A" keys simultaneously; aborts any MMI.

The key on the terminal keyboard labeled "Return" which generates the
carriage return character when pressed. Same as .

A terminal's Shift key. Always used in conjunction with another key.
For example, " + P" means to hold down the Shift key and press
the P key.

+---+
| A |
+---+

A+ interface
One of the major interfaces from the MSC. Connects the MSC to the SC
9600 system at the CBSC XC. The interface is comprised of E1 or T1 span
lines. Each span line represents a single carrier, and provides a
number of timeslots which can be used for signaling links with BSSAP
(LAPD or LAPB) control or traffic circuit channels as required.

Abbreviated Mobile Usage Record (ABMUR)
The record sent to the billing medium in each machine that a mobile
passes through, with the exception of the originating switch. It
contains the originating switch, current switch, air time on this
switch, and a few other essential fields for correlating back to the
original record. This record is an operator's receipt for air time used
on his switch.

ABEND
Abnormal ending of a process.

ACB
All channels busy.

Access Channel
In DYNA TAC systems, a control channel used by a mobile station to
access a system to obtain service.

Access Priority (ACCPRIOR)
In DYNA TAC systems, the access priority on the reverse control
channel. See Numeric Information.

Access Thresholds
A purchasable Special Product which specifies, on a per-sector basis, a
minimum received power required for a mobile to be allowed to access
the cell. Used to restrict originations on very busy cells to the best
candidates.

ACCH
Appended Control Channel. A user specified RFchannel providing
point-to-point bi-directional signaling up- and downlink. Includes the
SACCH and FACCH.

ACCPRIOR
The access priority on the reverse control channel. See Numeric
Information.

ACIA
Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter

ACK
Acknowledgement.

Acknowledge (ACK)
(1) The ACK signal is an active low pulse from the active Control Bus
Interface (CBI) to the Switch Matrix Processor (SMP). The signal
indicates that the board(s) addressed for the current bus cycle have
responded. Failure to receive the ACK signal during control bus state 7
causes the requesting SMP to generate a bus timeout interrupt. (2) A
message sent from a mobile to a base site to indicate that it has
received a page.

Acknowledged Alarm
The operator has an acknowledged alarm condition, but the condition
itself has not yet been resolved. The audible alarm (for this alarm) is
turned off. However, the alarm status remains on until the alarm
condition is resolved. The audible alarm will remain on if there are
other posted unacknowledged alarms.

Active-Duplex (ACT-DUP)
This is an EMX twin processor and control system state in which the
processor performs the normal active processor functions. These
functions include, but are not limited to:

* All call processing activities.
* All human/machine activities.
* And all data collection activities.

In addition to:

* Monitors the standby processor alarms.
* Executes sanity checks on the standby processor.
* Formats and sends checkpointed data for data base updates (as
required).
* Responds to standby processor reconfiguration directives.
* Manages twin processor Dynamic-Duplex fault detection exercises between
the active and standby processors.

Active Operation
This mode of operation implies that the system can properly complete a
significant percentage of call attempts. If the operator places the
system in a state (by removing the second of a dual processor pair)
that prevents the processing of telephone traffic, it is not active but
still on-line. The Administration Complex is not required for the
processing of telephone traffic and may not be operational, although
the system may be active.

Active Process
Process which is executable by having its entry in the active process
table set. (See Active Process Table.)

Active Process Table
Table which indicates for each process:

* Whether the process is active in the processor containing the table,
* Whether the process is active in the other processor of the pair, and
* Any special activity restrictions, such as active for initiation only,
etc.

Active Processor
The processor in control of a node.

Active-Simplex (ACT-SIMP)
This is an EMX twin processor and control system state in which the
processor performs the normal active processor functions. These
functions include, but are not limited to:

* All call processing activities.
* All human/machine activities.
* All data collection activities.

In addition, if the node/system is in static-duplex, it monitors the
following:

* Standby processor alarms.
* Execution of sanity checks on the standby processor.
* Response to standby processor reconfiguration directives.

Active Version
Active software version.

ACT-REST
Active-Restore

ACT-TNS
Active-Time Not Set

ACT-TS
Active-Time Set

A/D
Analog-to-Digital

ADCCP
Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure

ADDR
Address

Address
1) That portion of the message that specifies the destination and
handling. A telephone address includes the precedence digit, two
routing digits, a three-digit area code, three-digit central office
code and four-digit line number. 2) An identification, represented by a
name, or number, location in storage, or any other data source or
destination.

ADE or ADMEXT
See Administration Manager Extension.

ADM
Administration Subsystem Manager Processor. The dominant processor in
the processor hierarchy of the Administration Subsystem.

ADM-E
See Administration Manager Extension.

ADMIN
(1) See Admin Manager. (2) IPR log type for Administrative IPRs.

Administration Manager Extension (ADM-E, ADMX)
A processor belonging to the Admin Manager which does all the tandeming
of message traffic for the Admin Manager. Controls the second highest
level bus in the distributed control hierarchy. Detects problems in the
system by using testing, common control testing, scheduled testing,
statistical analysis, audits, CAMP monitoring, alarm detection, and
constantly monitoring the system.

Administrative Complex
The minimum set of system devices required to operate the system
terminals on-line consisting of at least one of each of the following
dual devices: Administration Manager; Communications Processor;
administration disk; administration external memory, and communication
external memory, and data link controllers.

Administrative Initial Program Load (AIPL)
An initial program load that loads and restarts only the Admin
processors. Also see Initial Program Load.

Administrative/Maintenance Subsystem
Collects and stores automatic message accounting (AMA) and traffic
measurement and metering (TMM) data, controls configurations, downloads
program and data base data and interfaces the alarm and trunk test
subsystems. All these functions are controlled by the admin manager and
admin manager extension, which are microprocessor pairs residing at the
two highest levels of the control hierarchy.

Admin Manager (ADM, ADMIN)
The highest level processor in the hierarchy of the EMXt 2500 system.
The ADM consists of dual processors and has direct access to the dual
Administrative disk drives, the dual Administrative tape drives, dual
external shared memory, the Communications Processor, and the Admin
Extension Processor (ADE).

ADPCM
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation.

ADS
Automated Database Synchronization Facility. This is a newly proposed
TTD product.

AFC
Automatic Frequency Control.

AGC
Automatic Gain Control.

AIN
Advanced Intelligent Network.

AIP
Application Software Installation Program.

AIPL
See Administrative Initial Program Load.

Air-Time
The time, generally, that an RF channel (or channels) are in use. This
includes, but is not limited to, the accumulated time that a subscriber
unit is engaged in a conversation.

AIS
Alarm Indication Signal.

Alarm
A warning signal, either a visual signal (lighted lamp) or an audible
signal (bell or buzzer) which alerts personnel to an error or failure
condition.

Alarm Class
The severity level of the alarm condition. The values are minor, major,
and catastrophic.

Alarm Display
The top five lines of the CAMP screen are reserved for the alarm
notification display. The minor, major, and catastrophic alarm counts
and an alarm text for the most recently posted unacknowledged ON alarm
of the highest alarm class are displayed for each alarm type. There is
also a frame alarm.

Alarm Indicator Messages
Messages sent to EMX alarm and status panels to turn off various LEDs
or audible alarms. Alarm messages can also be printed on the
teleprinters.

Alarm Indicators
Messages sent to EMX alarm and status panels to turn on or off various
LEDs or audible alarms.

Alarm and Status Electronics Board (ASEB)
The ASEB is located at the rear of each alarm and status cage. It
accepts display data in a differential mode from the alarm and status
interface board, decodes the display module address and forwards the
TTL display data to the Alarm and Status Lamp Module (ASLM) and Alarm
and Status Switch Module (ASSM).

Alarm and Status Electronics and Relay Board (ASERB)
The ASERB is located at the rear of each alarm and status cage. It
accepts display data in a differential mode from the ASI card, decodes
the display module address, and forwards the TTL display data to the
ASLM and ASSM boards. It also provides an interface between the EMX and
the customer audible and visual alarm circuitry. The board includes
eight Form-C relays whose contacts may be configured either normally
closed or open as required.

Alarm and Status Handler (ASH)
A group of software processes that report the results of activities
performed by devices which have been affected by maintenance commands,
as well as reports changes in service states due to failures and
reports changes in the base site controller mobile communications
interface via the Alarm and Status Panels (ASP) RF channel display.
These processes use translation tables for the generation of
teleprinter messages and activating lights on the Alarm and Status
Panel (ASP) LED displays.

Alarm and Status Interface (ASI)
Two ASI cards are used in the Maintenance and Status Unit (MSU). One
ASI card is associated with the Maintenance Processor (MPROC) and the
other with the System Status Register (SSR). There are two main
functions provided by the ASI board. The first is to provide a Watchdog
Timer (WDT) to the processor with which it is associated. Secondly, ASI
provides TTL to differential conversion and multiplexes the display
address and data information to the Alarm and Status Electronics Board
(ASEB) or Alarm and Status Electronics Relay Board (ASERB).

Alarm and Status Lamp Module (ASLM)
A card in the Alarm and Status Panel (ASP) which provides alarm and
system status displays under control of the Maintenance and Status Unit
(MSU).

Alarm and Status Panel (ASP)
An indicating display which has specific information concerning the
state of alarms and status in the system.

Alarm and Status Switch Module (ASSM)
A card in the alarm and status panel which provides alarm and system
status displays under control of the Maintenance and Status Unit (MSU).
This card also provides facilities for manually operated switch inputs
to the system.

Alarm Maintenance Multiplexer (AMM-1)
Serial digital I/O interface which monitors all power supplies, fuses,
circuit breaker distribution, and the system power plant. Also provides
audible and visual alarm indications.

Alarm Management
A subsystem that provides reference information on monitoring and
managing alarms and events from the Craft Workstation that occur on the
TSCP-2000 node.

Alarm Message
A printed report on the system maintenance teleprinter indicating a
status change, reconfiguration or alarm of a component of the EMX. Some
alarm messages may be accompanied by changes in the Alarm and Status
Panel light display.

Alarm Multiplex Communication Adapter-1 (AMCA-1)
Board Provides the interface between the AMM-1 and COM-1 Boards and
controls the audible alarm.

Alarm Relay Interface (ARI) Card
The ARI card is the interface between the EMX and the customer audible
and visual alarm circuitry. This board incorporates the watchdog timer
circuitry and functions as if it were two Alarm and Status Interface
(ASI) circuits on one board except the address and data information
controls relays rather than displays. The board provides eight Form-C
relays. Contacts may be configured for normally open or normally
closed, as required by the customer interface. (These boards have been
deleted in later systems.)

Alarm MUX
A serial interface device for monitoring inputs and outputs. It
consists of an alarm multiplex communication adapter (AMCA) and up to
128 alarms maintenance multiplexers (AMM). The AMCA is controlled via a
COMM-1 on the maintenance bus. Typically, each equipment frame houses
one AMM. One output of each AMM is connected to a frame fault light. An
output of one of the AMMs is reserved for the audible alarms and three
outputs of another for the alarm lights. Inputs are used to monitor
miscellaneous alarm conditions at each frame.

Alarm Panel
A device mounted to the front of one of the equipment frames. It
contains the audible and visual alarms.

Alarm Status
The status of an alarm is either ON, OFF, acknowledged (ACK), or
unacknowledged (UNACK).

Alarm Reports
Printed output resulting from hardware or software fault conditions.
Reports are formatted by teleprinter executive software and printed at
assigned teleprinters.

Alarm Severity
One of five levels of severity associated with an ALARM, STATUS or
RECON message printed on the system maintenance teleprinter. The level
of alarm severity of the message is indicated by the presence of 0 to 4
asterisks preceding the alarm message, as follows:

* Major 1
System is down, all call processing capability lost (****).

* Major 2
Loss of major components. Some call processing capability lost (***).

* Minor 1
Loss of redundant component, no call processing capability lost (**).

Alarm Status OFF
The condition for which the alarm is defined is not happening. No
audible or visual alarms are turned on for this alarm number.

Alarm Status ON
The condition for which the alarm is defined exists. The audible alarm
(if required for this alarm) and the visual alarm have been turned on
for this alarm.

* Minor 2
Loss of minor redundant component, no call processing capability lost
(*).

* None
No alarm severity.

Alarm Subsystem
Consists of the Maintenance Processor, COM-1 board, AMCA, and several
AMM-1 modules.

Alarm Text
The character string displayed on the CAMP terminal which is a unique,
brief description of the alarm condition.

Alarm Type
Miscellaneous or the subsystem which produced the alarm condition. The
subsystems which produce internal alarms are Common Control Equipment
(CONTRO), Switch Matrix Equipment (NETWOR), Trunk Equipment (TRUNKS),
Service Equipment (SVCKTS), or Automatic Message Accounting (AMA), and
Miscellaneous (MISC).

Alarm Type Status
For each alarm type, this is the number of minor, major, or
catastrophic alarms that are ON, and the number of unacknowledged
alarms.

A-Law
An encoding format for the quantization and digitization of analog
signals into PCM signals and recovery of analog signals from Pulse Code
Modulation (PCM) signals. A-Law specifies parameters for compression
and re-expansion of the signal during transmission and processing.
A-Law PCM encoding is used in 30-channel EMX systems (see also Mu-Law).

A-Law PCM
Logarithmic companding algorithm used for speech coding in Europe.

Algorithm
An ordered sequence of mathematical steps that produces an answer to a
problem, although the solution may be more lengthy than necessary.

Allocation bitmap
A table on the disk that indicates each block usage.

All Trunks Busy (ATB)
This is a condition of the telephone switching system where all paths
to or from a particular exchange are occupied. In such cases the caller
normally receives a rapid busy tone (also 120 ipm).

ALM
See Analog Line Module.

ALRM
See Alarm Interface.

AMA
(1) See Automatic Message Accounting Subsystem. (2) IPR log type for
Automatic Message Accounting Subsystem IPRs.

AMC
See Alarm Multiplexer Controller.

AMCA
See Alarm Mux Communication Adapter.

AMCA-1 Board
See Alarm Multiplexer Communication Adapter-1 Board.

AMF
Analog Maintenance Frame.

AMM
See Alarm Maintenance Multiplexer.

AMM-1
See Alarm Maintenance Multiplexer.

AMPS
A Bell System acronym and registered service mark for their Advanced
Mobile Phone Service. See Cellular System.

AMPS-DC
Advanced Mobile Phone System-Digital Cellular as specified in IS-54.

AMR Card
Alarm Monitoring and Reporting card. Located in the PDC of the RF Modem
cabinet and in the XC. Used within the BTS to monitor and report
alarms. Monitors up to 18 alarms sensors, reporting changes to the
operator. Also supports up to eight control relay functions, activated
by operator command.

Analog Color Code
In DYNA TAC systems, an analog signal (see Supervisory Audio Tone)
transmitted by a land station on a voice channel and used to detect
capture of a mobile station by an interfering land station and/or the
capture of a land station by an interfering mobile station.

Analog Line Module (ALM)
Serves each line by a dedicated switch matrix channel without traffic
concentrating.

Analog Recorded Announcement-1 (ARA-1)
Board Provides analog-to-digital conversion and signaling control for
up to 16 separately recorded announcement devices or channels.

Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D)
A device that converts a signal that is a function of a continuous
variable into a representative number sequence carrying equivalent
information.

ANI
Automatic Number Identification. A DTMF data stream from the cellular
switch. The data stream consists of a ten digit number. The ANI is used
to identify the callee or the caller to the MCMC.

ANSI
American National Standards Institute

Answer Signal
The 2070 Hz tone transmitted by the called mobile to the international
base site controller in OBL-B systems after the handset has been
lifted. This signal causes the holding signal to be switched off, which
then terminates ringing in the mobile. It also initiates connection of
the audio path for conversation between the two parties.

Antenna
A transmitter/receiver which converts electrical currents into RF and
vice versa. In cellular systems, transmits and receives RF signals
between the BTS and MS. May be configured for omni/omni, sector/sector,
or omni/sector.

ANTMAT
Antenna Matrix.

AOS
See Automatically Out-of-Service.

API
See Application Programming Interface.

Appearance
A device (line, trunk, receiver, sender) location as it appears on the
switch matrix.

Application Program
A self-contained part of the system software which provides a specific
function in a system.

Application Programming Interface (API)
Provides common interface within the SC 9600 system. Includes
transceiver operating system, board support, run time library, message
routing, performance measurement, timer functions and data base
management.

APPLSTAT
Application verification macro that is executed after completion of an
application installation, application upgrade or cold loading of the
platform system. APPLSTAT checks for the existence of all required
application processes.

APR
Announcement Prior to Routing.

AR -Authentication Request.

AR
Automatic Roaming.

ARA
Analog Recorded Announcement.

ARA-1 Board
See Analog Recorded Announcement-1 Board.

Area Code
In the United States and Canada, the telephone system is divided up
into number plan areas (NPAs). The area code is the three-digit number
that is common to all telephone numbers in one of these areas. For
example: The area code for Chicago is 312.

ARI
Alarm Relay Interface

ARM
Alarm Reset Module.

ARRT
Addressable Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter.

ARQ
Automatic Request for retransmission.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
A data communication code set consisting of a 7-bit (8-bit compatible)
binary code used to standardize the interchange of data (usually
characters; both control and symbolic) between processing and
communication equipment.

ASCII Encoded Messages
American Standard for Information Interchange; code used by the EMX
software that assigns specific bit patterns to each sign, symbol,
numeral, letter, and operation.

ASEB
Alarm and Status Electronics Board

ASERB
Alarm and Status Electronics Relay Board

ASH
Alarm and Status Handler

ASI
Alarm Status Interface

ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit.

ASLM
Alarm and Status Lamp Module

ASP
1. Alarm Status Panel. 2. The Alarm Status Windows located across the
top of the Craft Workstation Screen. They have specific information
concerning the state of alarms and status in the system.
Assignment
Designation of a transceiver tuned to a specific frequency for RF
transmission.

ASSM
Alarm and Status Switch Module

ASUMMARY
Application Summary

ASU
Antenna Select Unit. Part of the RFDS. Outputs test signals generated
by the RFDS XCVR. Receives and selects input signals to be tested by
the RFDS.

Asynchronous
Not occurring, existing, or arising at the same time.

Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter (ACIA)
An integrated circuit in the Motorola 6800 microprocessor family that
provides the data formatting and control to interface serial
asynchronous data communications information to a bus organized system
such as a microcomputer. Connects parallel-to-serial data and
vice-versa.

Asynchronous Communications Interface-1 (COM-1) Board
1) The interface between a Communication Processor (controlling
microprocessor) and an asynchronous serial peripheral device. 2)
Functions as an interface between a MP (processor) and a single channel
transmit and receive serial asynchronous RS-232 compatible peripheral.
3) Communications interface between the Serial Device Driver and the
CAMP terminals, when the Terminal Handler resides in the Comm
processor.

ATB
All Trunks Busy

ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode.

ATP
Alarm Transfer Process

ATT
Automatic Trunk Test; see Automatic Trunk Test Program.

Attenuation
The decrease in an energy level as a signal propagates through
equipment, transmission lines or space, usually expressed in decibels.

Attenuator
A device for reducing the energy level of a signal without introducing
distortion. Also called a pad.

ATTS
See Automatic Trunk Testing Subsystem.

AUC
Authentication Center.

AUD
See Audio Board.

Audible Alarm
A device controlled by the alarm mux. It is sounded whenever there are
unacknowledged alarms posted. Three distinct sound patterns are
produced to correspond to minor, major, and catastrophic alarms. The
audible alarm will reflect the most severe, unacknowledged alarm
condition in the system. The audible alarm is controlled by an alarm
mux output.

Audible Signal
Tone signal directed to the telephone user's ear to indicate call
progress and disposition, including, but not limited to congestion or
All Trunks Busy (ATB), called party busy (or line busy tone
60 ipm), ringback, and dial tone. Also called progress tones.

Audio Board (AUD)
Conditions (and compands) the audio for connection to both RF equipment
and telephone lines in DYNA TAC (cellular) systems, one AUD is
installed for each voice channel at a base station.

AUDIT
IPR log type for database related IPRs.

Audit
An application program or process which investigates the integrity of
specific data structures.

Audit Process
A process which periodically deletes invalid subscriber records in
order to maintain the accuracy of the associated databases.

AUI
Attachment Unit Interface. A computer node interface.
Austria Total Access Communications System

(A-T.A.C.S.)
Austrian implementation of the Total Access Communications System. Also
see DYNA TAC and T.A.C.S.

Authentication Signal
In OBL-B systems, the IBSC transmits the authentication signal after
receiving the identification signal from the mobile. The mobile
compares both these signals and, if they are not identical, the mobile
is switched off the channel. Thus, the simultaneous occupation of one
speaking channel by several mobiles (multiple seizures) is made
impossible.

Automatic Message Accounting (AMA) Subsystem
This subsystem is responsible for the establishment of collection
thresholds and associated alarms; the establishment of the switching
systems site identification number; definition and display of the
AMA
batch files; dumping the AMA batch files to magnetic tape.

Automatic Number Identification (ANI)
In mobile telephony, the term ANI usually refers to the code number
which is automatically transmitted by the mobile telephone at the
beginning of the placement of a call. Normally, this same code number
is used as the selective call of the mobile telephone for receiving
calls from the terminal. In the case of IMTS systems, this ANI number
is seven digits long and in the United States telephone company market
is made up of the area code and the last four numbers of the telephone
number assigned to the mobile unit.

Automatic Out-of-Service
A state set by the Fault Isolation Subsystem (FISO) when a detected
device problem prevents access by normal system functions.

Automatic Roaming
Capability for automatic routing of mobile terminated calls to a mobile
in its currently registered area (used when the mobile is outside its
home area).

Automatic Roaming
This is the title given to the group of IS-41 general provisions that
automatically provides cellular services to cellular subscribers who
are operating their equipment while located outside their home service
areas.

Automatic Time of Day Schedule
A parameter in the test mobile data base that indicates which automatic
tests are scheduled for each hour of the day. Contains the hour of the
day and the corresponding test type.

Automatic Trunk Test Program (ATT)
One of the two software programs resident in the Automatic Trunk
Testing Subsystem.

Automatic Trunk Testing Subsystem (ATTS)
Helps ensure the quality of telephone lines. This is accomplished by a
series of tests, each with a specific purpose. The ATTS supports access
and testing of any trunk that appears on the EMX 2500. Automatic trunk
testing can be initiated by either an operator command or by a command
file, which can be activated at a predetermined time.

Auto Restoral Task
Initiates test on "failed" devices which are in the "auto restore"
list. When a device is in the list, it is periodically tested by adding
an entry to the FISO isolation test list.

+---+
| B |
+---+

Background
The automatic execution of lower priority computer programs which are
temporarily suspended when higher priority foreground programs are
active.

Backplane
Assembly in the rear of a card cage typically holding the circuit board
connectors and interconnecting signal conductors.

Backup
Permanent and semi-permanent data to enable quick restart in the event
of a total system failure which requires reloading. Generally refers to
magnetic tape copies of data and programs that reside on disks.

Bad Block
A disk block that has a media problem on the disk drive that prevents
it from faithfully recording information. The disk drive is able to
select an alternate block to use in its place when directed by
software.

Balanced Circuit
A circuit in which two branches are electrically alike and symmetrical
with respect to a common reference, usually ground. For an applied
differential signal at the input, the signal relative to the reference
at equivalent points in the two branches must be opposite in polarity
and equal in amplitude.

BALUN
Balanced/Unbalanced. A device which matches an unbalanced coaxial
transmission line to a balanced two-wire system.

Bandit
A mobile attempting to use an invalid or unauthorized mobile telephone
number or operating method.

Bandit Flag
A flag which can be inserted in the subscriber data base file which
reports stolen mobiles.

Band Pass Filter
Used to reduce wideband noise in the receiver band, out-of-band
intermodulation levels, and carrier frequency harmonics. Required for
omni/sector.

Base Control Unit (BCU)
Used in Nordic systems to control a base station. It accepts commands
from the Channel Signaling Interface (CSI) in Nordic format (e.g., key
transmitter) and sends Nordic messages to the Channel Signaling
Interface (CSI) (e.g., transmitter alarm). Under certain circumstances,
a BCU can communicate with the Site Supervisory Unit (SSU) at the same
site.

Base Node Number
Number used to identify which nodes comprise a particular set of nodes
in an EMX system. In a system with only one set of nodes the base node
number is zero (0). Node 0 always defines the local node regardless of
the number of sets of nodes. For example, a node in set #1 would be #1
to a node in any other set and a node in set #2 would be node #2 to any
other node. Base node numbers of interconnected EMXs with multiple
nodes can range from 0 to 31. The base node number facilitates
interprocessor communication.

Base Site
The combination of base station and base station (site) controller,
which together comprise one cell in a cellular telephone system.

Base Site Controller (BSC)
The interface in DYNA TAC systems between the EMX switch and the base
station transmitter and receiver.

Base-Site-Link Processor (BSLK)
The lowest level processor in the Cellular Processing Subsystem. Its
function is to handle communication between the EMX 2500 and the remote
Base Site Controllers. It provides both the physical and logical
connection between the cell site and the switch. It converts messages
from the internal format of the switch to a serial form for translation
to the cell sites.

Base Site Power Amplifier
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to amplify the low level signal from
the exciter for application to the antenna.

Base Station (BS)
In cellular systems, the base station is made up of RF transmitters and
receivers which communicate with cellular subscriber (mobile or
portable) equipment. It provides the means to relay data and voice
communications between subscriber equipment and base site controllers.

Batch File
A sequence of blocks on the collection file which are referenced by a
single name and entry in the batch file control table.

Batch File Control Table (BFCT)
An external memory table whose entries are pointers to batch files
(batch files on disk).

Batch File Display
The command DISPLAY BATCH will provide valuable information about the
collection of files to be searched.

Battery (Central Office)
The negative voltage with respect to earth or chassis ground, that
feeds power to telephone equipment.

Baud (also Baud Rate)
A unit of signaling speed which is equal to the number of discrete
conditions or signal events per second.

Bay
Mechanical structure that supports the electronic equipment used in the
EMX system. Also called a rack.

BCCH
Broadcast Control Channel. A common access RF channel providing
point-to-multipoint unidirectional signaling downlink. Used to
broadcast general information about a BTS site on a per cell or sector
basis.

BCD
Binary Coded Decimal

BCH Code
Bose-Chauhduri-Hocauenghem Code. An error correcting code sometimes
used with data transmission equipment.

BCU Shelf
See XC shelf.

Beginning of Tape (BOT)
See Load Point.

BER
Bit Error Rate.

Berry
Refers to the Berry components of the transmission measurement set used
in Radio Channel Test.

BERT
Bit Error Rate Test.

BFCT
See Batch File Control Table.

BHCA
Busy Hour Call Attempt.

BHCCS
Busy Hours Hundred Calls per Second.

BHL
Busy Hour Loading.

BHW
Baseline Hardware Document.

BIB
Balanced-line Interface Board. Part of the XC. Terminates span line
cables for the transcoder, interfacing external span lines and the
MSIs. Mounted on top of the XC cabinet. Provides twelve balanced 100 to
120-ohm lines coupled to the MSI through transformers.

BIC
Backplane Interconnect Card.

Billing Data
All call data collected during a telephone call. Includes: Seizure
time, originating port number, mobile number, call classes, dialed
digits, direction indicator, connection indicator, home/roam indicator,
answer time, disconnect time, timeouts, midnight indicator, and manual
time change. (Refer to Operator's Manual for exact format.)

Billing Records
Three types including:

* Call Records
one per call with the above billing data.

* Transmit Records
one per use of the dedicated trunks between two EMX systems.

* Subscriber Options Records
one per option used, initiated, or canceled (see your Operator's Manual
for record layouts).

Binary
Pertaining to a characteristic or property involving a selection,
choice, or conditions in which there are two and only two
possibilities.

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
A format used to encode the 10 decimal characters into standard 8-4-2-1
weighted 4-bit binary characters. The remaining 4-bit binary
combinations (decimal values 10-15) are disallowed. See also Packed
BCD.

Bipolar
A format for transmission over differential line pairs where a pulse of
equal positive (on one line) and negative (on the other line) amplitude
represents one binary state and the absence of a pulse represents the
other binary state.

BIS
Busy/Idle State

Bit
An abbreviation for binary digit. A binary digit is a character used to
represent one of the two states or digits (0 or 1) in the numeration
system with a radix of two. Also, a unit of storage capacity.
Bits Per Second (bps)
A measure of data transmission speed. The number of binary characters
(1's or 0's) transmitted in one second. For example, an eight-bit
parallel transmission link which transfers one character (eight bits)
per second is operating at 8 bps.

Block
1) A group of bits (binary digits) transmitted as a unit, over which a
parity check procedure is applied for error control purposes. 2) The
smallest unit of data that may be recorded on tape.

Block Count
The number of data blocks written to a DAS tape. There are 2 separate
block counts:

* The count used by the tape management records is a daily count which is
reset at midnight. This count is also reset when a tape is activated
manually (does not take over from another tape). This tape will start
with a header record instead of a transfer record.
* The count maintained on a per-tape basis. This count is used in the IBM
trailer labels at the end of a tape.

Block Descriptor Word
The 32 bits at the beginning of each data block written onto a DAS
tape. The more significant 16 bits represent the block length (in
binary form). The less significant 16 bits are loaded with zeros.

Blocking
The inability of the calling subscriber to be connected to the called
subscriber because either (a) all paths are busy, or (b) because idle
paths in the calling group cannot access idle paths in the called
group.

BNC
Bayonet-Neill-Concilman connector. This style connector is used for the
thin Ethernet interface on the MC system.

* Board A PCB or such that is bolted, screwed, or secured in some fashion
to a rack/frame or other piece of hardware.

BOM
Bill Of Materials.

BOT
Beginning of Tape

Bootstrap Loader
A routine whose first instructions are sufficient to load the remainder
of itself into memory from an input device and (normally) initialize a
complex system of programs.

BPROC
BSC Processor Card (IMTS)

bps
Bits Per Second

BR
Bus Repeater

Bridging Connection
A connection across or in parallel with another circuit, generally of
high impedance so that the circuit is not loaded by the bridging
connection.

Brief Text
A brief description of the error condition that caused an IPR to be
sent.

BRSAS
Bus Repeater and System Alarm Status

BRTD
Bus Repeater Tone Detector.

BS
Base Station

BSC
Base Site Controller

BSC Messages
In IMTS systems, formatted messages transmitted between the Switch
Control Unit and BSC via the multiple terminal interface card/multiple
line interface card. In DYNA TAC systems, formatted messages
transmitted between the channel control processor and BSC via Serial
Communications Interface Peripheral (SCIP) cards.

BSD
Berkeley Systems Design. A variant of UNIX.

BSEL
See Bus Select.

BSLK
See Base-Site-Link Processor.

BSS
Base Station System. Consists of one CBSC and associated BTSs;
represents the fixed end of the radio interface for an SC 9600 cellular
system. Provides control and radio coverage functions.

BSSAP
BSS Application Part. Protocol for LAPD or LAPB signaling links on the
A-interface. Comprised of DTAP and BSSMAP messages. Supports message
communication between the MSC and BSS.

BSSMAP
BSS Management Application Part. Call processing protocol for
A-interface messages exchanged between the MSC and BSS. The BSS
interprets these messages.

BSW
Baseline Software Document.

BSY
Busy

BT
Bus Terminator.

BT1
See Universal Bus Terminator.

BT-3 Board
See Bus Terminator-3 Board.

BTA
Bus Terminator Arbitrator.

BTC
Bus Terminator Card. Part of the XC. Provides high-speed bus
termination on the XC backplane.

BTR
Bus Terminator

BTS
RF Base Transceiver Station, representing one cell. Part of the BSS.
Comprised of the SIF, RF Modem, and LPA cabinets. Provides the standard
radio transceiver functions for the air interface.

BTS site
The location of a particular BTS.

BTSDS0
BTS Digital Synch Signal 0.

BTSLINK
FEP-BTS Control Link.

BTSNCON
BTS Link Nailed Connection.

BTSSPAN
BTS Span.

Buffer
1) A temporary storage device for data which cannot be used or
retransmitted immediately. Buffers may be used on a network for error
checking, for store and forward, or to compensate for a difference in
the rate of flow of data when transmitted from one device to another.
2) A device used as an interface between two circuits or equipments to
reconcile their incompatibilities or to prevent variations in one from
affecting the other. 3) A circuit used for transferring data from one
unit to another when temporary storage is required because of different
operating speeds or occurrence timing. 4) In software, memory area
allocated for use by application programs.

Bus
One or more conductors used for transmitting signals or power from one
or more sources to one or more destinations.

Bus Repeater and System Alarm and Status (BRSAS)
In DYNA TAC systems, a multi-function board which buffers backplane
input/output bus signals from the upper backplane of a half node to the
lower backplane of the second half node. This allows a processor to
interface to all dual ported peripherals and associated circuits.
Inputs are latched and the board can be programmed to interrupt the
processor on alarm and status conditions. On board termination to the
backplane is also supplied to provide impedance matching and
termination of backplane bus signals. BRSAS cards reside in all
processor nodes.

Bus Select (BSEL)
A bus select signal is provided for each of the eight subordinate buses
accessed by the associated Matrix Control Bus. This permits the
selection of any combination of the subordinate buses on any bus cycle.
Bus select signals are derived from the subsystem select register and
the A/B select register on the SMP boards. A "low" on a bus select
signal selects the associated subordinate control bus for the current
cycle.

Bus Terminator (BTR) Card
A special card to provide impedance matching and termination of
backplane bus signals. The BTR card plugs directly over the backplane
wirewrap pins.

Bus Terminator-3 (BT-3) Board
Functions as a bus terminator and tester; clock and frame
tester-arbitrator; bus arbitrator; error accumulator, and supports
digital output operation for buses associated with the T1 Digital
Interface Unit.

Busy-Idle Bits
In DYNA TAC systems, the portion of the data stream transmitted by a
land station on a forward control channel that is used to indicate the
currently busy-idle status of the corresponding reverse control
channel.

Busy/Idle State (BIS)
In DYNA TAC systems, identifies whether a mobile station must check for
an idle-to-busy transition on a reverse control channel when accessing
a system. See Numeric Information.

Busy Transfer
A feature that allows calls to a mobile to be forwarded only if the
mobile is busy with another call.

Busy Transfer Processing
If this feature is activated and the mobile is not busy, the call is
treated as a normal mobile termination. Otherwise, the call is
transferred to the forward-to number.

BVL
Basic Validation.

Byte
A sequence of adjacent binary digits operated upon as a unit. Generally
consists of eight bits, usually presented in parallel. A byte is
usually the smallest addressable unit of information in a data store on
memory. See also Octet.

BZT
See Busy Transfer.

+---+
| C |
+---+

C7
CCITT Signaling System Number 7. See also Signaling System 7.

C7LINK
C7 Link.

C/I
See CIR.

CAC
Common Access Channel. A control channel, such as the BCCH, CCCH (PCH
or SCCH) or UPCH.

CACR
Common Access Channel
Redundant.

CACRF
Common Access Channel
RF.

Cage
See shelf.

Calibrate
A procedural modifier for a telephony state. Indicates the device is in
the process of initializing and is required to perform Cold Convergence
Calibration during its initialization.

CALL
IPR log type for call processing IPRs.

Call Class
See Call Final Class.

Call Class Indicator
Two-digit indicator in the call record showing the type of call and the
reason the call was routed to a message, tone, or operator if the call
could not be completed.

Call Confirmation Signal
The 1950 Hz tone transmitted by the mobile to OBL-B systems to the IBSC
after the selective call has been successfully decoded. This signal
advises the EMX that the called mobile is operational and ready to
receive the holding signal, this signal also causes ringback tone to be
returned to the calling party.

Calling Channel
Common channel used throughout OBL-B system to selectively call the
mobile units. In the idle condition, all mobile receivers are switched
to this frequency. Mobile units cannot transmit on this frequency.
Calling channel operation is controlled by the EMX after trunk seizure
on a land-initiated call.

Call Detail Records (CDR)
Detailed information concerning a call processing event, an entry in a
batch file. This data consists of all the information needed to bill
the customer for the call and facility usage data for the call. A
fixed-length record which contains the necessary information to
generate customer billing and provides certain facility usage.

Call Diversion
The act of routing a calling party to something other than the called
number, usually progress tones, a message recorder, or an operator.

Call Failure Class
See Call Final Class.

Call Final Class (CFC)
The status of a call upon completion, identified by a pre-defined
two-hex-digit code (00-FF). Examples of CFCs include normal completion
to or from a home subscriber, terminating mobile was busy, insufficient
dialed digits, and many more. Call treatments can be assigned to each
CFC. Sometimes called Call Failure Class or Call Class.

Call Forwarding
A feature available to the mobile telephone user whereby, after
initiation of the feature by an authorized subscriber, calls dialed to
the mobile telephone of an authorized subscriber will automatically be
routed to the desired number.

Call Management Subsystem
Manages trunk circuits, collects data, performs data base translations,
and supervises and controls all the events and tasks required for
processing calls through the EMX 2500.

Call Processing
A distributed process by which an entire EMX accepts, routes, disposes
of, and generates statistics and billing information on every telephone
call passing through it (whether or not the call is completed).

Call Processing Manager (CPM)
Consists of dual MP-8 processors and is a slave to the Admin Manager,
and a master to the Call Manager Extension Processors and Cellular
Network Manager. The CPM has direct access to its own duplexed external
shared memory. Its functions include: Maintaining the idle lists of
circuits in each trunk group and use of these lists in route selection;
collect the Call Detail Record (CDR) data for each telephone call and
distribute completed CDRs to the Admin Manager, and collect Traffic
Metering and Measurement (TMM) data for trunk groups and called numbers
and distribute the TMM data to the Admin Manager.

Call Processing Manager Extension (CPM-E, CPE, CPMX)
Controls the fourth highest level bus in the distributed control
hierarchy. Slave to Call Processing Manager; Master to the Line Trunk
Managers, Service Managers, Translation Processor, and Mobile Control
Manager. Handles tandem message traffic between these processors. It
offloads the CPM of tandem message traffic between the originating and
terminating line trunk manager or cell group manager. It contains
copies of the programs required for loading the line trunk processor
and line trunk manager.

Call Processing Program
Software that controls the switching network in an electronic switching
system.

Call Processing Subsystem
A subsystem of the EMX 2500 which handles all calls flowing through the
switch (from request for service through disconnect) and passes a CDR
to AMA for billing purposes.

Call Processing Trunk Data Base
Maintains the equipped status of a trunk with respect to the call
processing and trunk group to which the trunk is assigned.

Call Record
A record stored on a DAS tape containing the overall timing
information, mobile number, dialed digits, and appropriate indicators
to ticket a call for every call completed or attempted through the EMX.

Call Routing File
An optional file consisting of stored tables that are used to generate
a primary and alternate route into the land network for mobile
originating calls.

Call Treatment
Audio provided to callers, used to indicate the ultimate result of a
call attempt. Treatments include progress tones (e.g., ringback, busy,
click-tone) and recorded announcements.

Call Waiting
A subscriber feature which allows an individual mobile telephone user
currently engaged in a call to be alerted that another caller is trying
to reach him. The user has a predetermined period of time in which to
terminate the existing conversation and respond to the second call.

Calling Channel (CC)
Used in Nordic systems to designate a channel used for call set-up to
mobile subscribers. Under certain conditions the CC can be used as
traffic channels.

CAMP
See Configuration (Control), Administration and Maintenance Position.

CAMP Function
This is two CRTs (expandable to 16) dedicated to the control function
and maintenance function. This provides password security;
password-based command level screening; operator prompts, and a help
facility. The CAMP can have a local or remote location but is always
external to the switch.

Campon (CMPN)
A job is in campon state when it is waiting for a piece of hardware or
another resource to become available. In this priority state, the
resource is marked so that no other job can get access to the resource
before the job in campon state.

CAMP Terminal
CRT-type terminal with an optional printer. It provides password
security, command level screening based on password, brief or verbose
output, and a HELP facility. Also see Configuration (Control),
Administration and Maintenance Position.

Cancellation
Function used to disable any previously requested special service
functions dialed by the mobile telephone subscriber.

Card
Generally refers to a printed circuit board. Also called board.

Card Cage
The card cage is that part of the equipment that holds the printed
circuit cards.

Carrier Circuit
A system where many different conversations are combined on a single
pair of wires or a single radio channel in such a manner as they may
take place simultaneously without interfering with each other.

Carrier/Country Code Digit Table (CCDIG)
A multi-purpose table used in the Outward Translation process. When
Carrier Override is in effect, this table provides the Logical Route 1
to get a carrier to use for the call. Also, in the USA for "Feature
Group D" calls, this table determines a portion of the outpulsed
digits.

Carrier ID
The three digit number assigned to a (long-distance) carrier. These
three digits are the "XXX" in 10XXX preferred-carrier dialing. Up to
100 carriers can be defined in a system. Also see Carrier Index.

Carrier Index
A two digit index used internally to identify each defined carrier.
Also see Carrier ID.

Carrier Override
A parameter that may be specified in the Outward Translation process.
When present in the Physical Route table, it means that a specified
long-distance carrier will always be used to complete calls to this
particular route instead of any Preferred Carrier or Presubscribed
Carrier. When present in the Carrier Route table, the carrier specified
will be used in the event that the subscriber's preferred or
presubscribed carrier is unable to complete the call.

Carrier Route (CARRTE)
In the Outward Translation process, a termination route which sends a
call to an external carrier. Used for long-distance calls, or other
calls which can not be completed with trunks directly accessible by the
EMX. Subscribers may have a particular carrier pre-selected, or may
specify one when dialing; otherwise, a default carrier is used.

CARRTE
See Carrier Route.

CAS
Channel Associated Signalling. The E1 signalling used in the MCMC in
the 1.2.1.0 software release or later.

CAT
Cellular Application Terminal.

Catastrophic Outage
The class of outage that affects service to a moderate number of
circuits originating or terminating on the EMX 2500 system.
Catastrophic outages occur when more than 25% of the originating and/or
terminating circuits cannot complete a call or more than 25% of the
originating and/or terminating calls are mishandled. Also see Major
Outage, Minor Outage.

Cavity Filter
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to selectively filter the output of
the power amplifiers.

CBI Board
See Control Bus Interface Board.

CBI Timing Bus Failure (CBICF)
If a timing bus failure occurs in the subsystem in which the CBI
resides, the SMP is not able to access the CBI to determine which
subsystem reported the failure. The active low CBICF signal is provided
so this condition can be reported to the SMP by the CBI boards.

CBICF
See CBI Timing Bus Failure.

CBSC
Centralized Base Station Controller. Part of the BSS. Consists of the
Mobility Manager and Transcoder. Provides BTS cluster control,
switching, traffic concentration, and transcoding functions.

CC
Carrier Cancellation.

CC
Color Code.

CC
Common control.

CCA
Call Processing Conflict Audits.

CCB
Configuration control bus.

CCCH
Common Control Channel. A common access RF channel providing
point-to-multipoint bi-directional signaling up- and downlink. Used to
control paging and grant access. Includes the PCH and SCCH. Commonly
used with the UPCH.

CCDIG
See Carrier/Country Code Digit Table.

CCE
Channel Coordination Processor Extension

CCEP
Channel Coordination Processor Extension Power

CCE/MSU
Channel Coordination Processor Extension/ Maintenance and Status Unit

CCF
See Common Control Frame.

CCIR
An abbreviation for International Radio Consultative Committee. One of
the permanent organizations of the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU).

CCIS
Common Channel Interoffice Signaling

CCITT
An abbreviation for International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative
Committee. An international organization concerned with devising and
proposing recommendations for international communications. One of the
permanent organizations of the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU).

CCITT No. 7 (C7, C7S)
A method of Common Channel Signaling for voice and non-voice services
in a digital environment. Signaling information is sent at 64 kbps.
Used internationally. Also see Common Channel Signaling, T1.

CCM
Credit Card Mobile.

CCP
Channel Coordination Processor

CCS
1. Common Channel Signaling. 2. Call Completion Service. The service
supplied by the EMX 2500, BSCs, NAMPS subscriber units, and the MCMC.
The EMX provides message delivery services to the subscriber unit.

CCS (100 Call Seconds)
A measure of traffic load obtained by multiplying the number of calls
per hour by the average holding time per call expressed in seconds, and
dividing by 100. Often used in practice to mean hundred call seconds
per hour with "per hour" implied; as such, it is a measure of traffic
intensity.

CCSAN
CCS Active Notification.

CCS7
Common Channel Signaling #7.

CCT
See Collection Control Table.

CCW
Cancel Call Waiting.

CDF
Configuration Data File. A file of current configuration and telephony
status data generated for the OMC-R and each CBSC and BTS, based on the
OMC-R Configuration Database. Used during initialization. Also called
Cell-site Data File.

CDL
Call Data Log.

CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access as defined in IS-95.

CDMP
Cellular Digital Message Protocol. An application protocol used for
communication between an IP and thr MR.

CDMS
Cellular Digital Message Service. The service supplied by the EMX 2500,
BSCs, NAMPS subscriber units, and the MCMC. The MCMC provides message
delivery services to the subscriber unit.

CDP
Clock Distribution and Parity

CDR
See Call Detail Record.

Cell
The RF coverage area in radiotelephone system resulting from the
operation of a single multi-channel set of base station equipment. This
term can also be used to describe the base site equipment servicing
this area.

Cell Group Manager (CGM)
The processor that supports the cellular subsystem software.
Redundant-pair CGMs reside on the MCM bus and control up to 26 BSLKs.
It handles all signaling between the switch and the cell sites to
coordinate the use of trunk circuits to the cell site radio equipment.
A maximum of six CGM pairs are supported.

Cell Site
The location of a BTS.

Cell Site Controller (CSC)
A microprocessor-based, multiple-function card used to coordinate the
activities of the cell site equipment. It also provides the cell site
interface with the EMX switching equipment via a modem data link.

Cellular Call Processing Subsystem
A subsystem of the EMX 2500 which communicates with the BSCs to
coordinate and control the use of radio channels by BSCs and mobile
units. Motorola's cellular portion of the Call Processing Subsystem.

Cellular Fault Management (CFM)
The EMX 2500 software subsystem responsible for detecting and analyzing
base site failures, including the process designed to reconfigure the
cell to restore normal operation.

Cellular Group Manager Processor
See Cell Group Manager.

Cellular Network Link (CNLK)
A data connection between an EMX and another EMX. The datalinks use the
LAPB protocol of CCITT standard X.25. In an EMX 2500, up to four
cellular network link processors are under the control of each Cellular
Network Processor (CNP). Each CNLK processor is an SFCC board (four
datalinks each) making for a maximum of 64 cellular network links. Also
see Link.

Cellular Network Manager (CNM)
A redundant processor pair which oversees cellular network (DMX)
communications. The CNM is subordinate to the Call Processing Manager,
and controls up to four Cellular Network Processors.

Cellular Network Processor (CNP)
A redundant processor pair which controls up to four Cellular Network
Link Processors. An EMX 2500 can have up to four CNPs. The CNPs are
subordinate to the Cellular Network Manager.

Cellular Subsystem
Refers to those portions of the EMX 2500 that are used for cellular
telephony, and not present in the base DSC DEX product. The cellular
subsystem hardware consists of the Mobile Control Manager, Cellular
Network Manager, and their subordinate processors, plus those Line
Trunk Managers designated as mobile trunks and their subordinate
processors.

Cellular System
A fully automatic, wide-area, high-capacity radiotelephone system made
up of a group of RF coverage areas called cells. As a subscriber passes
from cell-to-cell, a series of handoffs maintain smooth call
continuity. DYNA TAC, AMPS, and T.A.C.S. are examples of leading
cellular systems.

Central Office (CO)
The central office comprises a switching network and its control and is
a facility whose communication common carrier terminates customer lines
and locates the equipment for interconnecting those lines.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A node or a system of nodes which provides processing capability to
control call connections and provides call information within the EMX
system.

CES
Control Extension and Switch

CES
Common Equipment Shelf. See PDC.

CFB (Call Forwarding on Busy)
A cellular calling feature which forwards a call to a new number if the
terminating party is busy.

CF
See Call forwarding.

CFC (Call Failure Class)
A hexadecimal number representing a specific failure mode.

CFM
See Cellular Fault Management.

CFN (Call Forwarding on No Reply)
A cellular calling feature which forwards a call to a new phone number,
if there is no reply by the terminating party.

CFU (Call Forwarding Unconditional)
A cellular calling feature which always forwards a call to a new number
regardless of the nature of the call.

CGC
Channel Group Concentrator

CGM
See Cell Group Manager.

CGSA
Cellular Geographic Service Area

CGSA-H
See Home Area.

Change Journal
The final segment of a system tape that contains records that log all
recent change or SIM commands so that they will be re-entered into the
system automatically if it is reloaded from tape.

Change Messages
Standard formatted messages used by recent change software to activate
programs that update subscriber or system data bases.

Changes (Subscriber and System)
User specified changes, selected subscriber feature options,or changes
to the equipment installed in the EMX system.

CHAN
The base site device that controls a Voice Channel. Used in both HD and
LD-type base stations. Also see Voice Channel.

Channel
1) A particular member of a group that is associated with a unique time
slot. Each member is associated with one port in the switch; either and
RF channel, a land trunk, a three-party conference circuit, or a tone
signaling port. 2) A particular member of an RF group that has a unique
frequency.

Channel
For a TDMA air interface, it describes the unique frequency and time
slot allocation for a single call.

Channel Bank
Equipment which converts a digital T1 signal to 24 or 30 individual
analog circuits and, conversely, converts the signals from the analog
circuits to the T1 format signal.

Channel Clear Message
A message from the Base Site Controller (BSC) indicating that the
carrier has been dropped at the end of a call and that the channel is
now clear and is available to receive transmissions.

Channel Control
Software package that controls the radio channel interface for call
processing.

Channel Coordination Extension (CCE)
Extension cage connected to the Channel Coordination Processor (CCP)
node to provide expansion slots for peripheral cards, in particular,
the Serial Communications Interface Peripheral (SCIP) card.

Channel Coordination Processor (CCP)
Twin processor cage that performs similar functions related to the
mobile channel control in a Nordic or DYNA TAC system:

* In Nordic (NMT) systems, the CCP manages the channels in the same cell
(site). This includes channel allocation (calling, traffic, etc.) and
interfaces between the other nodes in the system. The CCP coordinates
handoffs and the Mobile Communications Interface (MCI).
* In DYNA TAC systems, the channels in every cell site are under the
control of Base Site Controllers, including channel allocation. The CCP
function then is to interface the DYNA TAC Base Site Controller (BSC)
with other nodes, and to coordinate cell-to-cell handoffs. See Node.

Channel and Device State Tables
Entries in the data base that contain channel numbers and device IDs
and indicate the current service condition of each channel and device
in the system.

Channel Group Concentrator (CGC)
Used in Nordic and IMTS systems to interface between the Channel
Coordination Processor (CCP) and the RF channel (i.e., channel
signaling interface cards).

Channel Port
See Port.

Channel Seizure Signal
A signal sent by a mobile on a particular channel to seize that
channel.

Channel Signaling Bay
In a cellular system, a hardware frame that houses up to three channel
signaling unit cages and the associated power supplies.

Channel Signaling Interface (CSI)
The CSI has three functions:

* Voice path interface between the radio channels and the switch (i.e.,
channel banks).
* Radio channel control, i.e., handles the signaling to/from the Base
Control Unit, Site Supervisory Unit, and mobile subscriber.
* Data interface coordination between the radio channel and the Channel
Control Processor (via Channel Group Concentrator), including
translation to/from Nordic signaling. (In Nordic systems, one CSI card
controls two radio channels.)

Channel Signaling Unit (CSU)
Used in Nordic and IMTS systems. This is a cage that houses one Channel
Control Processor card and its associated Channel Signaling Interface
cards.

Channel/Trunk Group Numbers
Number assignments used to identify the individual RF channels and
telephone company trunks that are part of a particular EMX system and
Central Office, respectively. Channels and trunk members are stored in
data base tables which maintain the status of each member.

Channels, Maximum (CMAX)
In DYNA TAC systems, the maximum number of channels to be scanned by a
mobile station when accessing a system. See Numeric Information.

Character
Any group of binary digits which represents a mark, letter, numeral,
signal or symbol.

Charge Meter
A device optionally installed in mobile telephones that provides a
visual indication of the cost of a call. The charges displayed are
controlled by the EMX 2500; use of a purchasable Special Product
(either Fixed Charge Rate or Variable Charge Rate) is required.

Checkpointing
The activity that concerns the transferring of data or messages from
active to standby processors of the control system. The checkpointing
function is used to maintain identical write-protected data files (such
as subscriber files) on both sides of the EMX Control System. Data are
checkpointed periodically, as required, and only processed data is
checkpointed. When checkpointing is turned-on, information is updated
in write-protected memory on the active side of the EMX, identical data
are entered into the corresponding write-protected memory on the other
side. The checkpointing function is turned on or off automatically by
the operating software depending upon the current and previous states
of the processors. For example, checkpointing is not desired and is
turned off when the two processing systems ("A" side and "B" side)
contain different operating software or when a side is being loaded
with new software.

CHGPIN
Change PIN.

CHI bus
Concentration Highway Interface bus. A digital bus within the BTS with
nine TDM channels to carry control and traffic data between the GLI and
transceiver. Operates at 2.048 Mbps.

Child
A device which is enabled/controlled by a higher level device.

CIR
Carrier-to-Interference Ratio.

CKF
See Timing Bus Failure.

CKT
Circuit.

Class
Refers to a non-device, such as Software Load Management or MM Fault
Management.

Class of Outage
The type classification of a system outage. The three types of system
outages are: catastrophic, major, and minor.

Class of Service
A parameter in the subscriber data base which records the type of
service to which a customer is limited, e.g., local dialing or
international dialing.

Clearing Signal
A signal sent by a system to a mobile, to turn it off for a system
related reason.

Clear-to-Send (CTS)
A handshake signal used with communication links, especially EIA
RS-232C or CCITT Rec. V.24, to indicate (to a transmitter from a
receiver) that transmission may proceed. Generated in response to a
request-to-send signal. (Also see Request-to-Send.)

CLCI
Common Language Circuit Identifier

CLI
Calling Line Identification. A CLI is the telephone number of the
calling party automatically transmitted by the switch. The CLI buffer
in the mobile unit is used for digital pages, not CLIs.

CLI
Command Line Interface. A user interface accessed at the OMC-R, as well
as at the MM and BTS via the LMF. Provides a typed text command and
response interface for the operator. Contrast to GUI.

CLID
Calling Line ID.

CLI Dialog Session
The time interval between invoking and concluding CLI activity.

Click Tone
A particular progress tone used within a telephone system sounding like
a click. It is injected into a subscriber's audio, typically whenever
that particular call is in a waiting or holding mode for an electrical
or timing reason. It indicates to the subscriber that the call has not
been abandoned by the telephone network.

CLIR
CLI Presentation Restricted.

CLK
Time Clock.

CLKX Card
Clock Extender card. Part of the XC. Distributes GCLK clock and
reference signals to each XC shelf.

CLLI
Common Language Location Identifier

CLM
Communications LAN Module. A hardware component (board) located in the
Tandem ST-2000.

CLNCLR
Clone Clear.

Clock
A device that generates periodic signals used for system
synchronization.

Clock Card (CLK)
The clock card generates system Clock (CLK) and Reference (REF) signals
which it distributes differentially to the Switch Control Unit (SCU),
Switch Unit (SWU), Group Multiplexer Unit (GMU) for Tone Signaling Unit
(TSU).

Clock Distribution and Parity (CDP) card
Distributes Clock card (CLK) and Reference (REF) to the Switch Unit
(SWU) and transfers parity and CLK-REF receiver alarms from the Group
Multiplexer Unit (GMU) to the Switch Control Unit (SCU).

Clock Recovery Board (CRB)
Extracts clock information from the T1 span line PCM signal by means of
a phase-lock loop circuit for use in synchronizing the EMX to a
local/remote Central Office. (See Digital Synchronization Subsystem.)

CM
Configuration Management..

CMAC
Control-Channel Mobile Attenuation Code

CMAX
The maximum number of channels to be scanned by a mobile station when
accessing a system. See Numeric Information.

CMB
Combined 100-Series Test.

CMCS
Configuration Maintenance Control Subsystem.

CMI
Communications Management Interface

CMPN
See Campon.

CMRTS
Cellular Mobile Radio Telephone Service.

CMS
Call Model Server.

CMSO
Cellular Mobile Switching Office.

CNLK
See Cellular Network Link.

CNM
See Cellular Network Manager.

CNP
See Cellular Network Processor.

CNR
Carrier-to-Noise Ratio. The ratio of the mean vector squared over the
statistical variance of all received vectors. The result is a dB ratio.

CO
Central Office

CO-1
Conference.

COC
Central Office Code

Code Blocking
A feature in which a system operator can block a given percentage of
calls in a geographic area in order to reduce system load.

CODEC (Coder/Decoder)
A speech coding unit that converts speech into a digital format for
radio broadcast, and vice versa.

Code Pages
Write-protected RAM on which EMX programs reside.

Coded Digital Color Code (DCC)
One of four tones in the 6 kHz region that are transmitted by a land
station on a signaling channel and transponded by a mobile station in a
cellular system. See also Digital Color Code.

Cold Convergence Calibration
A procedure performed on the LCI to determine an initial set of LPA
operating parameters which minimize the intermodulation distortion of
the LPA.

Cold Load
The process involved with loading system software after the EMX system
is first installed or after experiencing a total dc power loss.

Collection buffer
The memory used by AMA to stage call and control records prior to disk
write.

Collection Control Table (CCT)
An external memory table whose elements describe the collection buffer.

Collection File
The disk file in which call records are recorded by the AMA program.

Co-Located
At the same location; as in equipment installed in the same room or
building.

Color Code
An 8-bit code assigned to a BTS to distinguish interfering signals from
another cell.

COM-C
Communication Controller.

COM-P
Communication Processor.

COM-1 Board
See Asynchronous Communications Interface-1 board.

Combined 100-Series Test (CMB)
A sequence of tests that includes one-way noise, echo return loss, and
incoming level testing. Tests the transmission quality of line trunks.

Combined Channel
In Nordic systems, a radio channel that is marked as both a calling
channel and a marked traffic channel. See Calling Channel and Marked
Traffic Channel.

Combined Paging and Access (CPA)
See Numeric Information.

Combined Transponder Test (XLT)
Performs the following measurements: two-way level, two-way c-notch
noise, and one-way echo return loss. Tests the transmission quality of
line trunks.

COMM
(1) The Communication Processor; where the Session Program or the
Terminal Handler and the Serial Device Driver reside and execute. (2)
IPR log type for data communication IPRs.

COMM-2 Communication Interface
Functions as an alarm interface between a Maintenance Processor (ADM-E)
and Alarm Maintenance Multiplexers.

Command Channel
See Speaking Channel.

Command File
An ASCII disk file containing MMI commands and responses for prompts.
Allows automated operation of a series of commands.

Command Interpreter
Provides a high level interface between application software and the
terminal handler.

Command Name
Indicates the function to be performed by a command, i.e., PUT, FORCE,
ADD, CHANGE, etc. The command name is followed immediately by a colon
(:) and parameter blocks.

Command Name Table
Seven byte ASCII representation of teleprinter commands which have been
authorized for use in the system.

Commands
Predefined string of characters which are keyed on EMX teleprinters by
an operator to change service states, initiate program loading, or
activate other functions specified within the format of the command.

Common Battery
The Central Office positive voltage connected to earth and usually
chassis ground that serves as the return lead for feeding power to
telephone equipment.

Common Channel Interoffice Signaling (CCIS)
A separate common channel that carries all line and signaling
information for a group of interoffice trunks.

Common Channel Signaling
A signaling method using a link common to a number of channels for the
transmission of signals necessary for the traffic via these channels.

Common Control Frame (CCF)
Consists of the power distribution, AMA, CC00, and CC01 frames.

Common Equipment
Any equipment used by more than one trunk or channel.

Common Equipment Shelf
See PDC.

Common Memory
In each processor's memory a section (common memory) shared by all
memory pages. This section is used to store data and special software
routines for use by all memory pages (see Memory Page).

Communications Link (CL)
In Nordic systems, provides a path for communications between the Base
Control Unit (BCU) and Site Supervisory Unit (SSU).

Communications Package
The set of programs responsible for transferring messages and data
between processors via interprocessor links.

Communications Processor
(1) A slave processor to the Administration Manager which provides all
on-line terminal I/O handling in the system. (2) The Communications
Processor in the Administration Subsystem. Used for interfacing with
the operating and maintenance personnel at the CAMP terminals.

Commutating Switch Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to selectively gate RF signals from
one of the six sectors to the scanning receiver under control of the
BSC.

Companding
The process of compressing quantizing levels at low speech amplitudes
at the transmitting end of a system and expanding these levels at the
receiving end, thus reducing quantizing distortion. This term is a
contraction of compressing and expanding.

Compandor
A combination of a compressor at one point in a communication path used
for reducing the amplitude range of signals, followed by an expandor at
another point used for a complementary increase in the amplitude range.

Compatibility
The ability of any mobile station to place and receive calls in any
cellular system. All call placement is automatic.

Compiler
A language processor written to translate a higher-level language whose
structure, syntax and symbols are independent of any particular
machine. The higher-level language instructions most often do not
correspond directly to binary instructions. It is the compiler's job to
provide algorithms for this translation.

Composite Cell
A cell site consisting of two sets of cell equipment, called the
primary and secondary cells. The secondary cell must be LD or HD II.
Upgrading an HD cell to a composite cell allows the use of less
expensive LD or HD II equipment, and allows the use of the extended
frequency band (E-AMPS or E-T.A.C.S.). Composite cells can support more
channels than ordinary cells.

Concentrator
A switching unit located at a distance from a Central Office which
allows a large number of subscribers to be connected to the Central
Office over a much smaller number of trunks. The concentration ratio is
normally 5:1.

CONF
The Conference/Call Progress Tone Detector Processors in the Call
Processing Subsystem.

CONFIG
(1) EMX Configuration and Control Software. The subsystem which loads
programs into processors from the ADMIN disk in response to IPL, FISO,
and MMI requests. (2) IPR log type for configuration IPRs.

Conference Circuits
Used to establish three-way paths through the matrix. They are used for
conference calls and to make temporary "bridges" to effect smooth
handoffs. There can be up to 14 conference circuits configured on an
EMX 2500.

Configuration (Control), Administration and Maintenance Position (CAMP)
The CAMP Position is a VT100-compatible terminal capable of screen and
scrolling operations. I consists of a CRT and Keyboard or hardcopy
entry and display device(s) for entering control commands (MMI
commands) and receiving status reports.

Congestion
Situation occurring when an element cannot receive all the service it
is requesting. Contrast to overload.

Connected
For the LTMS, a mode that initiates or receives a call and provides
information on it.

Connection Random Access Memory (CRAM)
Connection (control) memory of the time slot interchange card used to
establish and maintain the connections between between the ports of the
switch.

CONTRO
IPR log type for control IPRs.

Control Bus Interface (CBI)
Board Primary function is to uncouple the Switch Matrix Processors
(SMP) from the subordinate control buses in the various switch matrix
card cages with regard to redundancy and fault tolerance.

Control Channel
In DYNA TAC systems, a channel used for the transmission of digital
control information from a land station to a mobile station or from a
mobile station to a land station.

Control-Channel Mobile Attenuation Code (CMAC)
A parameter of the control filler message used to inform the receiving
mobile of what transmit power level to use when transmitting on the
reverse control channel (RECC).

Controlled Roll-Out (CRO)
A CRO consists of a customer site implementation of a new product,
software release, or combination of products/releases, following the
successful completion of an FOA of the same system configuration. Only
those releases or release combinations which have successfully
completed an FOA together in a system configuration may be released as
a CRO to customers having the same product(s) or system configuration
as that of the FOA.

Control Mobile Attenuation Code (CMAC)
Used to adjust mobile transmitted RF power levels.

Controlling Switch
In a switch-pair, the switch that determines which Glare Resolution
should apply to a given Trunk Group upon the Dual Seizure condition.
The determination of which switch is the controlling switch is
predetermined by the owners of the switches.

Control Extension and Switch (CES)
The unit of the EMX 100 that combines the functions of the SCE and SWU
into a single card cage. See Switch Control Extension and Switch Unit.

Convergence
A procedure performed on the LCI to determine an optimal set of LPA
parameters which minimize the intermodulation distortion of the LPA.

COPS
Call Originations Per Second

COS (Class of Service)
Defines the extent of the services provided to a given subscriber.

Country Code
A one- to three-digit number which specifically identifies a country of
the world that an international call is being routed to (e.g., 1 =
North America, 44 = United Kingdom). See also Region Code.

Coupler
See directional coupler or multicoupler.

Coverage Area Requirement
A feature which allows inhibiting the mobile from accessing a cell based on
RF quality as reported from the MS and measured by the BTS.

Coverage Package
Defines a set of cells within the system. In the EMX 2500, there is a
maximum of 100 coverage packages.

COW
Cellular on Wheels.

CP
Communications Processor

CP TRKLST
Call Processing Trunk List.

CPA
Combined Paging and Access

CPE
Call Processing Manager Extension

CPM
Call Processing Manager.

CPM-E
See Call Processing Manager Extension.

CPMX
See Call Processing Manager Extension.

CPR
Call Profile Record. A record of a BTS-MS transaction, recorded in the
transceiver. Made up of data fields which specify details of a call.

CPS
1. Calls Per Second. 2. Call Processing Server.

cps
Characters Per Second

CPU
Central Processing Unit

CR
See Control Record.

See .

CRAM
Control RAM.

CRAM Copy
Connection Random Access Memory copy; a series of tables used for
controlling Switch Unit (SWU) signaling and identifying port
connections. Contains:

* CRAM Table
source port IDs.

* Source Local ID (SLID) Table
active job numbers.

* Out Status Table
outbound active signaling in all ports.

* In Status Table
inbound active signaling in all ports.

* Port Table
identifies which trunk group member numbers are associated with each
port.

Crash
A complete failure of either a hardware device or software operation. A
crash can halt the entire system's operation or just a particular
function.

CRB
Clock Recovery Board

CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check.

Credit Card Mobile
A mobile telephone equipped with a device that reads credit cards. The
purchasable Special Product: Credit Card Mobiles is required for the
EMX 2500 to process credit card information.

CRO
See Controlled Roll-Out.

Crosstalk
Unwanted sound in a voice channel resulting from cross-coupling to
another voice channel.

CRT
Cathode Ray Tube

CRTS
Cellular Radio Telephone System.

CSC
Cell Site Controller (LD Base Station)

CSI
Channel Signaling Interface

CSIC
Channel Signaling Interface Card

CSM
Communications Subsystem Manager

CSMA
Collision Sense Multiple Access. Part of Ethernet specification.

CSR
See Cellular System Release.

CSRF
Custom Statistics Reports Facility.

CSS -1. Cellular Subscriber Station
A generic hardware term used to identify equipment such as mobile
stations, mobile terminals, portables, and fixed cellular subscriber
stations which provide the user the capability to access cellular
network services. 2. Cellular System Subscriber
The owner of a cellular system subscriber account.

CSU
Channel Signaling Unit

CSUP
Channel Signaling Unit Power

CTC
Counter-Timer Chip

CTIA
Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association.

CTM
Custom Text Message. A textual message that goes into the short message
buffer on a subscriber's mobile unit. This is known as Short Text
Message (STM) in the MCMC application.

CTR
Counter

CTS
Clear-To-Send

CTSP
Common Trouble Shooting Procedure.

CUG
Closed User Group.

CUR
Custom Roaming.

Current States
The most recent service condition of an EMX component or telephone
line. Hardware service states are:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACT-DUP INS-BUSY LOADING SBY

ACT-SIMP INS-CMPN NOT-EQPD SBY-DUP

ACT-TNS INS-IDLE NOT-LOAD SBY-REST

ACT-TS INS-REST OOS SBY-SIMP

DAC-ACT INS-RTN OOS-MNT SBY-TNS

DAS-ACT INS-SBY OOS-QUE SBY-TS

DAS-SBY INS-SIMP OOS-RCVY SYS-ACT

INS INS-TEST OOS-SYS SYS-SBY

INS-ACT LOADED OOS-TEST

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Custom Roaming
A Special Product which enables roaming customers to choose which
remote areas, if any, in which they wish to automatically receive calls
from the home area. Also see Dynamic Roaming.

Cutover
The act of disconnecting an existing switching machine and connecting
in its place another machine.

Cut-Through Codes
Short codes (such as 411 and 911) which are used as soon as they are
recognized. Cut-through takes place immediately after the last digit of
the code.

CW (Call Waiting)
A cellular calling feature which allows a subscriber to receive another
call when a call is already in progress.

CWS
Craft Workstation.

Cycle Time
The shortest period of time necessary to complete one computer
instruction.

Cylinder
All EMX 2500 system tracks at the same radius on all recording surfaces
of the disk.

+---+
| D |
+---+

D/A
Digital-to-Analog

DAC
DAS Communications and Statistics

DAC Active (DAC-ACT)
Indicates the state in which the DAC tape is in service. (See DAS
Communications and Statistics Tape.)

DAD
Differential Alarm Driver

Daisy Chain
A network configuration defining interconnections between the CBSC and
several BTSs, where a single 1.544 Mbps HWY connects the CBSC serially
to each BTS. All communication between the CBSC and the last BTS flows
through all other BTSs. It allows sharing the 1.544 Mbps HWY among
cells with fewer traffic channels to reduce cost, but a failure affects
multiple interconnections. Span line stability limits the number of
BTSs chained together. Contrast to star and loop configurations.

DAL
See Dedicated Access Lines.

DAN
See Digital Announcer.

DAR
Differential Alarm Receiver

DART
See Dual Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter.

DAS
Data Acquisition System

DAS-ACT
Data Acquisition System Tape Active

DAS-SBY
Data Acquisition System Tape Standby

DAS Back-Up Tape
Unit held in Active-Standby to be used when the active DAS tape is
taken off-line or fails so that no billing data are lost. See Data
Acquisition System.

DAS Commands
Teleprinter commands used to activate programs for program loading,
statistics requests, and controlling magnetic tape units.

DAS Communications and Statistics (DAC) Tape
A tape drive designated to record only communications and statistics,
tape management, and time change records. Valid only in systems with
DAS tape mode 1 or 2. If there is a DAC drive in service, then the DAS
drive will record only ticketing records.

DAS Tape
The magnetic tape which is used to record statistics, communication,
time change, tape management, and ticketing records.

DAT
Digital Audio Tape. A magnetic tape conforming to an international 4 mm
tape standard. The MCMC uses DAT tapes for software installs and
database/voice mail backups.

Data Acquisition System (DAS)
One of the twin processor subsystems (or nodes) within some EMX models.
The DAS is responsible for subscriber ticketing and operational system
statistics. The DAS handles the interface to the magnetic tape drives
and the Real Time Clock (RTC). See also Node.

Database
Files and tables from which EMX programs obtain information to perform
specific functions. The EMX data base is functionally divided into
Subscriber files and System files which supply all data required for
Call Processing, System Administration, and Common Control Software.

Database Backup Tape
Magnetic tape containing copies of all the data files from disk. Made
on regular intervals, backup tapes allow recovery of the data base in
the event of a disk failure.

Database Editor (DBE)
MMI commands which allow the operator to change, delete or display
information in the system's data base.

Database Processor (DBP)
The DBP comprises one of the twin processor subsystems (or nodes)
within an EMX. The DBP maintains information such as mobile subscriber
files, the system dialing plan, all alarms and interfaces with the
maintenance teleprinter, and part of the system configuration file.

Database Processor Extension (DBE) Cage
Extension cage connected to the Database Processor (DBP) node to
provide expansion slots for peripheral interface cards.

Data Link
The communications lines, modems, or other hardware used in the
transmission of information between two or more points.

Data Pages
Read/write RAM used to store call data subscriber/ system files, tables
and all other data needed as arguments for program instructions. Some
portions of this memory can be write protected.

Data Set
One or more blocks of information recorded on tape.

Data Structure
A means of representing information used in a system.

Data Word(s)
The variable fields in the IPR report. The IPR dictionary contains a
definition for each data word used by an IPR.

DATB
Direct Access Test Bus.

DATB Database
Specifies the trunk numbers that are attached to the test bus. (There
is one test bus per trunk bay, making a possibility of 47 DATBs.)

Day and Time of Day Messages
Current Gregorian calendar date (MMDDYY), Julian date (DDDYY), and the
current real time-of-day in seconds in the 24-hour format (00-00-00
through 23-59-59).

dBm
A dB referenced to 1 milliwatt; 0 dBm equals one milliwatt.

dBm0
Noise power in dBm referred to or measured at a zero transmission level
point (0TLP).

DBCM
Database and Configuration Management.

DBE
See Data Base Editor.

DBE
Data Base Processor Extension

DBMS
Data Base Management System, runs on the OMC-R platform.

DBP
Data Base Processor

DCC
DC Converter module. Located in the MM and OMC-R. It supplies regulated
DC power.

DCC
Digital Color Code

DCE
Data Communication Equipment. The RS-232 configuration designated for
computers. DCE equipment can be connected to DTE equipment with a
straight cable, but to other DCE equipment only with a "null modem."

DDD
Direct Distance Dialing

DDT
See Delimiter Descriptor Table.

DEALL
Deactivate All.

Debug
The process of locating and correcting errors in a computer program.

Decibel (dB)
A unit stating the logarithmic ratio between two amounts of power.

Decode
To convert received PCM code words into pulse amplitude modulation
pulses which are the same as the quantized samples at the transmitting
end.

Dedicated Access Lines (DAL)
A group of leased lines that interconnects the OCC switching system to
a dedicated customer. Dedicated access lines are connected to a
customer telephone, key telephone system or a PBX.

DEF
Default.

Default Package (DEFPKG)
The level of service which is to be accorded to non-standard mobile
originators. Situations for which a default package would be applied
include valid foreigns, mobiles with invalid serial numbers, service
denied, outside their coverage package, and more. Handling for each
condition can be controlled separately. DEFPKG also refers to the table
in which this handling is defined.

Delay Dial
A type of trunk communications signal generated by the receiving
station. This signal acknowledges seizure of a line but causes the
transmitting station to delay further signaling (dialing) until the
receiver generates a "start dial" signal.

Delimiter Descriptor Table (DDT)
A specific set of parameters which describes the value or value ranges
of a field in a call record to be displayed.

Delimiter Routine
A process by which the delimiter specification is validated against a
call record.

Demand Manual Tests
Those tests invoked by a man-machine interface command and are software
driven.

Demodulation
The process of retrieving an original signal from a modulated carrier
wave.

Denied Foreign File
In subscriber recent change (SIM), this file contains mobile IDs of
subscribers from other mobile telephone systems who are to be denied
service.

Denied Serial Number File
In subscriber recent change (SIM), this file contains the serial
numbers of subscribers who are to be denied service.

DES
Dynamic Equipment Sharing. Allows RF channels at a cell to be allocated
to any sector as needed.

Device Identification
Each hardware device in the EMX 2500 system ID identified by three
numbers: the DEVICE TYPE, the DEVICE SUBTYPE and the DEVICE ID. The
TYPE distinguishes between types of hardware such as processors,
memory, disk, tape, etc. The SUBTYPE distinguishes between groups of
the same type of device such as ADMIN Manager Memory and CALL Manager
Memory. The ID distinguishes between individual devices within a group
such as ADMIN Manager A and ADMIN Manager B.

Device Monitor Task
Periodically scans the FISO data base entries for all devices and
conditionally resets selected flags and counts.

Device State Transitions
Changes in the service condition of any EMX hardware component. Changes
in states result from teleprinter commands, hardware failures, or line
signals.

Device Types
Uniquely identify EMX hardware components. They consist of:

* Functional unit type.
* Unit descriptor.
* Subunit descriptor.
* Modifier descriptor.

DIA-1 Board
See Disk Interface Adapter-1 Board.

DGI
Digital Group Interface

DID
Direct Inward Dialing

Diagnostic
Procedure which attempts to localize a fault by setting test conditions
in a unit and looking for erroneous results.

Diagnostic Programs
Software designed to ensure that hardware components and error
detection circuits operate properly. Includes:

* Call progress checks.
* Circuit checks.
* Time release checks.
* Fault recovery.
* Tone verification.
* Remote testing.
* Voltage monitoring.
* Transmission path checks.

Dial Pulse Digits
Digits received or sent out in a dial pulse format.

Dialed Digits
The series of numbers received via telephone company interface devices
or base site controllers as a result of dialing on land or mobile
telephone terminals.

Dialing Timeout
Timeout indication which releases mobile from channel if no dialing
information has been received or if a length of time between dialed
digits is excessive.

Dialog Session ID
A six-digit identifier assigned to a CLI dialog session. The ID is
displayed in event messages generated in response to commands entered
during that session.

Dial Tone
A signaling protocol that responds to a request for service and
indicates a "start dial" to the sending switch. The dial tone is
returned after the receiving switch is prepared to collect the incoming
digits. See Progress Tones.

DIC
Direct Inter-LATA Trunks.

DID
See Direct Inward Dialing.

Differential Alarm Driver (DAD)
A circuit card in the Switch Unit (SWU) of DYNA TAC systems, provides a
TTL to differential interface between the Switch Unit (SWU) node and
the switch control node for the transmission alarm and status signals.
Differential alarm receiver card connector plugs directly over
backplane wire wrap pins.

Differential Alarm Receiver (DAR)
Card in the Switch Control Unit (SCU) of DYNA TAC systems, provides a
differential to TTL interface between the switch unit node and the
Switch Control Unit (SCU) node for the reception of alarm and status
signals. Differential alarm driver card connector plugs directly over
backplane wire wrap pins.

Differential Interface Receiver (DIR)
This card receives differential signals from the Dual Port Interface
Differential (DPID) card and converts them to TTL levels which are
distributed to the backplane of the extension cage where the DIR
resides. It also takes the extension cage's I/O bus (data, address and
control signals) and converts it to differential for transmission to
the Dual Port Interface Differential (DPID) in the main twin processor
node.

Differential Line Terminator (DLT-x)
Provides impedance matching resistors supplying characteristic
impedance for communication buses. Used to terminate differential line
type communication buses, clock buses, or buses compatible with 50-pin,
20-pin, or 10-pin bus cable receptacles. DLT-1 is equipped with 10
pins, DLT-2 with 20 pins, DLT-3 with 26 pins.

Differential Receiver
An amplifier that produces an output only in response to a potential
difference between its input terminals (differential mode signal) and
in which outputs from common mode interference voltages (i.e., that
voltage which is the same at both input terminals) on its input
terminals are suppressed. This receiver converts differential mode
signals that are compatible with a given logic family.

Digit Translation
The switching system capability to determine a traffic route based on a
set or subset of dialed digits.

Differential Signal
The instantaneous, algebraic difference between two signals. See
Bipolar.

Digit Analysis File
Contains all local numbering plan data.

Digit Translation
The switching system capability to determine a traffic route based on a
set or subset of dialed digits.

Digital Announcer (DAN)
Converts analog messages to digital in PCM format at the record
interface and stores messages in RAM memory.

Digital Color Code (DCC)
One of four 2-bit expressions transmitted by a land station on a
signaling channel and transponded by a mobile station in a cellular
system. This allows the land station to differentiate between a mobile
responding to its page and a mobile responding to a page from another
cell. See also Coded Digital Color Code.

Digital Interface Unit (DIU)
One shelf of a Digital Trunk Frame.

Digital Line/Trunk Interface Module (DIM)
Interfaces up to 16 T1 lines or digital trunk groups to 12 matrix PCM
ports without traffic concentration.

Digital Maintenance Frame (DMF)
One of the two types of trunk maintenance frames (TMFs) in the Trunk
Maintenance Subsystem (TMS) of the EMX 2500. The DMF houses a
transmission measurement set and a trunk test set for performing
automatic trunk testing and manual trunk testing on the digital trunks
in the T1 Digital Frame Subsystem.

Digital Message
A message addressed to one or more MCMC subscribers. There are three
types of digital messages: Voice Mail Notification, Short Message, and
Digital Page. A Short Message or Digital Page may be addressed to a
single subscriber or to a Call Group. A Voice Mail Notification is only
addressed to a single subscriber.

Digital Pad
A device that introduces loss in an analog signal that is digitally
encoded.

Digital Signal
A series of pulses or rapidly changing voltage levels that vary in
discrete steps or increments.

Digital Switch Matrix Subsystem
A three-stage, non-blocking digital switch which accommodates up to
32,768 appearances. Each channel supports data or PCM encoded analog
information in an 8-bit format at a 64 kbps rate. Each element in the
matrix is duplicated to provide 2N redundancy for both the control and
switching elements.

Digital Switching
A process in which connections are established by operations on digital
signals without converting them to analog signals.

Digital Synchronization Subsystem
Provides a method of synchronizing the EMX switching system clock to
another remote/local source. Makes use of CRB or DGI cards and an ECLK
card.

Digital Group Interface (DGI)
Serves the same purpose as the Voice Group Interface card (VGI) but
also includes a clock recovery circuit to provide digital sync to an
ECLK board for a T1 span line.

Digital-to-Analog Converter (D/A)
A device that converts an input number sequence into a function of a
continuous variable.

Digital Trunk Frame (DTF)
One frame or electronic rack of digital trunk interface equipment. One
DTF will interface to 1,536 digital trunk circuits.

Digital Trunk Interface (DTI) Board
A direct digital controller between two T1 carrier span lines and the
EMX 2500 matrix.

Digroup
A basic PCM 24-channel group operating at 1.544 Mbps. Also see T1.

DIM
See Digital Line/Trunk Interface Module.

DIR
1) Directive. 2) See Differential Interface Receiver.

Direct Code
See Service Code.

Direct Distance Dialing (DDD)
Automatic processing of toll calls by subscriber dialing. May require
one or more digits to be dialed before the called number.

Direct Inward Dialing (DID)
Automatic direct handling of calls into a PBX or customer-owned
exchange from a Central Office.

Direct Memory Access (DMA)
The process of transferring data directly between a processor's memory
and a peripheral device.

Direct Outward Dialing (DOD)
Automatic handling of calls from a PBX customer-owned exchange.

Directory Number
Number which a telephone user dials or keys to make a call. There is a
direct, but not identical, correspondence between a directory number
and a mobile ID.

Directed Page
Used in the Special Product: Custom Roaming. A method of paging in
which pages are only issued in the mobile's last known EMX and last
known paging area only. Also see Zone Page.

Directional Coupler
Located in the SIF. Bi-directional coupler carrying TX and RX RF
signals to and from the antennas. It includes a switch which allows the
signals to be routed to the RFDS for testing. Additionally, a port
allows direct measurement of in-band forward (TX) signals without
service interruption.

DISC-C (or DISK-C)
Disk Controller.

DISCS
Disconnected Subscriber.

Disk Directory List Utility (UDL)
Provides an off-line means of checking the contents and consistency of
the EKOS disk directories; lists information read from the directory
and allocation bitmap areas.

Disk Drive Subsystem
Consists of a pair of Winchester technology disk drives interfaced to
the disk controller located in common control.

Disk Examine Utility (UDX)
This is an off-line, utility for the EKOS disk file management system.
The UDX is the equivalent of the on-line features of the EDIT FILE,
RENAME FILE, and DELETE FILE.

Disk File
A named storage area of disk blocks for information maintained on a
disk device.

Disk File Utility (UDF)
Provides the ability to delete or rename any type of disk file as well
as to load and dump program files. These functions are menu-driven.

Disk Formatting
The initialization of writing various patterns onto the disk media to
make it suitable for normal usage.

Disk Interface Adapter-1 (DIA-1)
Board Provides the interface between two Administrative Manager
microprocessors and a PRIAM Smart Interface. The DIA-1 performs
arbitration between the two MPs.

Disk/Tape Copy Utility (UDC)
A utility program that will allow the operator to copy files to/from a
disk or magnetic tape.

Disk Test
Provided in the Administration process only. It performs a DIA
controller read-after-write memory test, a PRIAM controller self-test
that includes an up-down sequence test, a disk format, disk write with
pattern, and an all disk verification test.

Disk Unit Designations
Up to eight units are served by two different controllers, referred to
as controllers A and B by the PROM monitor and boot block programs.
These programs always use the first disk drive on the specified
controller. The system software numbers the controllers as 0 and 1. The
disk drives are implemented as pairs numbered from 0 to 3. One drive of
each pair is attached to each controller, although only drive pair 0 is
required. The minimum system is two units: each is designated unit 0
but is attached to controllers 0 and 1.

Display
A formatted report to be written to the CAMP terminal.

Display Specification
Tables which determine which events of a call record, or which control
records are displayed, set up on level 1 "DISPLAY" menu.

Display System Identification
System identification is a piece of information that is constantly
being broadcast over the signaling channels. This information is used
by all mobile units that can "hear" it to determine their status (home,
roam), and determine how they react to various other pieces of control
information they see on the signaling channel. The system
identification is assigned by the FCC and should be unique to every
system. The only reason this information would need to be displayed
would be to verify that everyone is in sync within the system (BSCs,
mobiles, etc.).

Display Topology
In DYNA TAC system recent change commands, given cell's handoff
topology may be of interest if handoffs are not functioning properly.
For example, a cell may be specified in the handoff topology that is
geographically too far away to be a good handoff candidate. This would
result in subscribers "ping ponging" between cells. Another reason
topology may be displayed is when adding or deleting cells that may be
adjacent to a given cell to ensure they are in or out of the topology
map.

Distance Handover
A handover due to a mobile's physical distance from the BTS, when
mobile timing advance exceeds the inter-sector timing advance handover
threshold.

Distributed Mobile Exchange (DMXt)
A distributed mobile exchange (DMX) consists of two or more members of
the basic EMX family married together to provide a large mobile
telephone exchange. The other switches can be EMX 2500s or other
switches in the EMX product line.

Distant Traffic Area
Area controlled by a different EMX terminal.

Distribution Amplifier Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to distribute the 15 kHz signals from
the SAT generator modules to (1) the voice and signaling channel
exciter modules, (2) to the receiver bay distribution amplifier, and
(3) to the second transmitter bay (if used).

Diversion
See Call Diversion.

Diversity
A method of improving received signal strength by making use of two
independent signals which differ in frequency or propagation path from
the source. In the DYNA TAC system, signals from the strongest two
sectors of the receive antenna are used to provide diversity. See
Maximal-Ratio Combining.

Diversity Reception
Redundant reception method. The use of two RX antenna input signals to
minimize effects of fading. Depending upon the cell and channel type,
diversity reception involves either one or two signal pairs. One pair
is based on the primary antenna plus the stronger of the adjacent
antennas. Two pairs are based on the primary plus one of each of the
adjacent antennas. The signals are sent to the XCVR. Pairs are sent to
master and slave XCVRs. Diversity reception requires duplicate antennas
in omni configurations.

DLC
Dummy Load Card

DLC
Digital Loop Concentrater

DLT-1
See Differential Line Terminator.

DLT-2
See Differential Line Terminator.

DLT-3
See Differential Line Terminator.

DMA
Deferred Maintenance Alarm.

DMA
Direct Memory Access

DMF
See Digital Maintenance Frame.

DMM
Digital Multimeter.

DMS
Digital Message Service system. The service is provided by the EMX
2500, BSCs, NAMPS subscriber units, and the Motorola Cellular Message
Center. The system provides message delivery services to the subscriber
unit.

DMSAN
DMS Active Notification.

DMSZP
DMS Zone Paging.

DMXt
Distributed Mobile Exchange

DMXIO
DMX Input/Output. Process that takes DMX messages and gates them into
the MTS where they can be sent to an application process.

DN
Directory Number (see MIN)

DNIS
Digital Number Identification Sequence. A set of DTMF tones transmitted
to a terminating telephony device that are used as an identification
number for the call. The DNIS identifies the dialing unit and so can be
used to select the service or equipment that the user may access.

DOD
Direct Outward Dialing

DOJHLR
A feature that enables the IS-41 Converter operator to selectively
apply the DOJ call delivery restrictions based on the visiting
subscriber's HLR.

Downlink
The direction from the PSTN to the MS (through the MSC, MM, and BSS),
taken by control and audio/traffic signals in a cellular system.

Downtime
The time period during which a device or system is not functioning
properly.

DP
Dial Pulse

DP (Digital Page)
The telephone number entered by a caller and delivered to the
subscriber unit as a page. This page is displayed in the CLI buffer.
The Digital Page can be up to 32 digits long.

DPC
Destination Point Code.

DPI
Dual Port Interface Card

DPID
Dual Port Interface Differential

DPP
Dedicated Port Processes

DPS
Digital Power Supply.

DRAM
Dynamic RAM.

Driver Amplifier
One of the staged main amplifier modules located in the LPA shelf.
Amplifies the input signals from the RF Modem. Includes a pre-amplifier
followed by a three-stage driver amplifier.

Drivers
Software processes responsible for the output function that interacts
with output devices such as teleprinters and tape units. Duplicate
driver processes operate in standby units.

Drop
(SCIP-MSCP communications link; multidrop link.) A logical connection
between the SCIP card and a peripheral. The peripheral may be a cell
site, a SCP (DYNA TAC system), or a CGC (Nordic).

Drum Intercept Announcer (DIA)
See Recorder Announcer.

Drummer
For the LTMS, a mode that dials a number repeatedly and provides
information on the calls.

DS
A designation referring to the digital signal level and bit rate in the
digital hierarchy (and other defined interface characteristics). For
example, DS-1 refers to a digital signal at the first level or 1.544
Mbps.

DSAP
Disk Space Analysis Program

DSG
Data Structures Generator.

DSP
Digital Signal Processor.

DSSI
Downlink Signal Strength Indicator.

DSU
Data Service Unit. Provides physical interface conversion for C7 links
between the transcoder and MM (1.544 Mbps span line to V.35).
Interconnects the XC and MM in systems not using LAPx A links.
Interconnects V.35 compatible interface(s) on the MM with 1.544 Mbps
HWY interface(s) on the XC. The C7 signaling channels between the CBSC
and the MSC are transported over the interface. The DSU and router
reside in a common rack.

DTAP
Direct Transfer Application Part. Call processing protocol for
A-interface messages exchanged directly between the MSC and the mobile
unit without interpretation by the BSS. The format is specific to the
MSC and BSS manufacturers.

DTE
Data Terminal Equipment. The RS-232 configuration designated for
terminals. DTE equipment can be connected to DCE with a straight cable,
but to other DTE equipment only with a "null modem."

DTF
See Digital Trunk Frame.

DTG
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency Tone Generator

DTI Board
See Digital Trunk Interface Board.

DTMF
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency. The sounds a push button tone telephone
makes when it dials a number. A set of ''pure" tones used as a method
of encoding digits over voice lines.

DTMF Tone Generator (DTG or IDTG)
Board which produces the dual tone multifrequency signaling tones.

DTMF Tone Receiver (DTR or IDTR)
Board which detects the dual tone multifrequency signaling tones.

DTP
Dialogic Telco Platform. The product model name assigned by Dialogic
Inc. to the VRU chassis used in the MCMC products. This is an ISA-based
personal computer platform.

DTR
Dial Tone Required.

DTR
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency Tone Receiver

DTRX-1 Board
See Dual Tone Receiver-1 Board.

DTX
Discontinuous Transmission. Allows a mobile transmitter to power down
when no speech or data is being transmitted.

Dual Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (DART)
A dual-channel component used on the Z8000 microprocessor boards to
provide on-board serial communication capabilities.

Dual Port
Bus switch that gives complete control of a peripheral device to one of
the two processors in a node.

Dual Port Interface Differential (DPID)
The DPID card provides the signal interface between single port
peripheral cards and the dual bus of the twin processor node. It
converts the TTL I/O bus to differential and drives it over a
differential link to an extension cage where it is received by the
Differential Interface Receiver (DIR) which converts the differential
signal to TTL levels for the twin processor backplane.

Dual Seizure (Glare)
An attempt by two switches to select the same trunk circuit
simultaneously to complete a mobile handoff operation.

Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF)
A method of sending numerical address information from a telephone or
PBX switchboard by sending simultaneously a combination of two tones
out of a group of eight. This is called Touch-Code by Motorola and
Touch Tone by AT&T.

Dual Tone Receiver-1 (DTRX-1) Board
Used to detect DTMF tone pairs (or valid DTMF digits). One DTRX-1 board
will interface 32 PCM channels.

Dump
Transfer of data from memory to a peripheral device with possible
intermediate reformatting of the data.

Duplex State
This is a state of the twin processor node and control system in which
there is an Active-Standby pair that in the event of a
processor-related failure, either processor can assume the processing
load. In a duplex state, both sides of the EMX are up.

Duplexer
Located in the SIF. Applies to TDMA signaling only. Allows a single
antenna to both transmit and receive. Routes TX signals from the LPA to
the directional coupler. Routes RX signals from the directional coupler
to the multicoupler. Includes transmit filter to reduce harmonic
frequencies and receive filter to reduce out-of-band signals.

DYNA TACr
The Motorola registered trademark used to describe the Motorola
cellular radiotelephone communications system that provides Dynamic
Adaptive Total Area Coverage. The DYNA TAC system consists of:

* EMX Mobile Telephone Exchange.
* DYNA TAC Cellular Base Stations.
* DYNA TAC Mobile Radiotelephone.
* DYNA TAC Portable Radiotelephone.

DYNA TAC signaling format meets FCC OST bulletin #53. The DYNA TAC cellular
system is a fully-automatic, wide area, high capacity mobile and portable
radiotelephone communications system that offers features and services
comparable with those of the public wireline network. The system is fully
compliant with FCC and EIA Guidelines for 800 MHz Cellular systems.

Dynamic-Duplex
The primary EMX twin processor node and control system mode of
operation in which the EMX processing system is configured for the
highest level of fault tolerance. In this state, the twin processor
nodes maintain duplicate copies of dynamically changing data stores in
the memory of both the active and standby processors. Not only are call
processing data stores fully backed up, but customer and system data
bases are also kept identical on both sides of each processing node.
Active and standby processors continuously monitor each other's
performance, and either is capable of assuming complete control of the
EMX without any break in system continuity or service.

Dynamic Noise
Similar to noise a listener would hear during the active part of the
conversation.

Dynamic Roaming
A Special Product which enables a mobile to automatically inform the
EMX that it is a roamer in another area outside the subscriber's home
LATA. An Inter-LATA carrier is used, transparently, to deliver the
call.

DYNR
Dynamic Roaming.

+---+
| E |
+---+

E
In DYNA TAC systems, the stored value of the E field sent on forward
control channel. E identifies whether a home mobile station must send
only MIN1 or both MIN1 and MIN2 when accessing the system. See Numeric
Information.

E
Erlang. A unit of telephone traffic which is numerically equal to
percentage occupancy. It is obtained by multiplying the number of calls
by the length of the average call in fractions of an hour. One erlang
is equal to 36 CCS. This unit was named for Agner K. Erlang of the
Copenhagen Telephone Company. In the United States, this unit is also
known as a "traffic unit" (TU).

E1
A digital transmission link with a capacity of 2.048 Mbps. E1 can
normally handle 30 voice conversations plus two signalling channels. E1
is primarily used outside the United States.

EAEO
Equal Access End Office

E-AMPS
Extended Advanced Mobile Phone System

E-T.A.C.S.
Extended Total Access Communications System.

E and M
(1) Ear and Mouth Signaling. (2) Receive and Transmit direct current
signaling switch. (3) Standard telephony electrical interface.

EBCDIC
Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code

Eb/No
The ratio between the energy of each information bit (Eb) and the noise
spectral density (No), usually expressed in dB.

ECLK
External Synchronizing Clock

EC
Echo Cancellation. Equipment to reduce signal reflections in PSTN audio
circuit connections. Used either at the MSC or optionally in the XCDR.

Echo Suppressor
A device that detects speech signals transmitted in either direction on
a 4-wire circuit, and introduces loss for suppressing echo in the
direction opposite the detected transmission.

Echo Suppressor Equipped
This data element specifies if an echo suppressor is equipped for the
trunk circuit.

ECR
Executive Control Register

EIA
Electronic Industries Association

EIC
International Electrotechnical Commission.

EID
Electronic ID.

EIR
Equipment Identity Register.

EIRP
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power. Measured at the antenna referenced
to an isotropic (omni-directional) antenna.

EKOS
Exchange Kernal Operating System developed by DSC which runs in each of
the Z8000 processors used in the EMX 2500. Its main functions are all
interprocessor and intraprocessor messages, managing processor
resources,and scheduling all tasks.

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
A programmable read only memory which is electrically programmable
during equipment operation. If power is shut off, the EEPROM retains
its program storage.

Electronic Mobile Exchange (EMXt)
The EMX system is a distributed processor controlled audio switch. It
is essentially an Electronic Switching System (ESS) with ports
dedicated to the base stations used to interface with the mobile
telephone network. The EMX comprises the EMX switch and the Mobile
Communications Interface (MCI).

Electronic Switching Systems (ESS)
Used to perform a similar exchange switching function as the
electromechanical devices but made up of electronic components such as
transistors and integrated circuits.

ELF
Environmental Logic Facility. A patch panel card located in the MM and
OMC-R.

ELPAC
A power supply.

Emergency Numbers
Telephone numbers assigned to emergency services, usually public
services like Police, fire, and ambulance. The translation process
allows calls to emergency numbers when calls to other numbers would be
blocked, as in the cases of invalid, unregistered, or hot-line mobiles.

Emergency Overload
See Overload Class Control.

EMI
Electromagnetic Interference.

EMPI
Extended Multiple Port Interface

EMX 2500/EMX Cellular Switching System
The complete Motorola cellular radiotelephone communications system. It
includes the mobile radio sets, cell sites, remote switch(es), and
central switch(es).

EMX Data Base
All subscriber and system information that is required to support the
processing of calls through the EMX exchange.

EMX Host
An EMX 250 or 500 equipped for operation with Remote Switching Unit
(RSU). The host can support a maximum of 16 single-supergroup RSU, 8
two-supergroup RSU, or a mixture with a maximum of 16 supergroups.

EMXL
Inter-EMX Communications Link

EMX Operational Software
The complete set of programs which are loaded into twin processor nodes
to control the on-line operation of the EMX exchange.

EMX Switch
The EMX switch is the heart of the EMX system. It contains the
microprocessor control node, the data base, and the voice group unit
used to interface telephone trunks and modems for communication with
the Mobile Communications Interface (MCI) equipment. The MCI equipment
may be co-located with the switch center or located at remote sites.

EMX System
The EMX system is a distributed processor controlled audio switch. It
is essentially an Electronic Switching System (ESS) with ports
dedicated to the base stations used to interface with the mobile
telephone network. The EMX system comprises the EMX switch and the
Mobile Communications Interface.

End-of-Call Signal
Single pulse telegram transmitted by the mobile in OBL-B systems to the
IBSC after the handset has been replaced at the end of a call. This
initiates the clearing signal in the IBSC. The IBSC also sends an
update to the EMX for ticketing purposes.

End-to-End
A function or process that connects one end of a circuit to another end
in order to complete a path from one point in the system to another
point.

End-to-end Dialing
Method of placing a call to a roaming mobile by dialing a designated
access number in the local area to which the mobile has roamed.

End of Tape (EOT)
Used to designate end of tape. Indicated by a physical marker.

Engineering Loss
The system design cable loss value used to engineer digital span lines.

Enhanced Paging
''Enhanced" refers to the type of acknowledgment of a paging receipt
from the subscriber unit.

Entry Point
Addresses which define the starting locations at which tasks can be
executed during a particular activation.

EP
Extended Protocol. An optional NAMPS expansion of the signalling
messages between the land station and the mobile unit. It allows for
the addition of system features and operational capabilities. In
particular it allows pages and thus the Digital Message Services.

EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EPU
Extension Processing Unit

EQ
Equipped.

Equal Access Dialing
The ability to choose among competing (long-distance) carriers when
placing a call requiring a carrier.

Equalization
The process by which attenuation and/or phase shift is rendered
essentially constant over a band of frequencies, even though the
transmission medium or the equipment has losses that vary with
frequency.

Equalizer
An electrical network in which attenuation (or gain) and/or phase shift
varies as a function of frequency. Used to provide equalization.

Equipage
The hardware components and assemblies that make up the equipment
complement.

Equipage Tables
Specific hardware components that are equipped or not equipped. Further
defines equipped devices as cutover or not cutover; not equipped
devices are further defined as equipable or not equipable.

Equipment Tables
Define which hardware components are equipped in the specific EMX
system and which are available for processing calls. Status of all
components is indicated as being equipped or non-equipped. See also
Equipage Tables.

Equipped Devices
EMX hardware components which are physically installed in a system and
are available for specific call handling operations. "Not equipped"
devices are those which are not currently installed in the system or
may be re-energized.

ER
Exception Report (specific to the ERAD subsystem)

ERAD (Exception Reporting and Alarms Distribution)
The IS-41 Applications trigger Exception Reports (ERs) and Alarms as
specific conditions are encountered. An ER is an error or informational
message which is processed by the TSCP Exception Reporting and Alarms
Distribution (ERAD) Subsystem along with Operating System ERs.

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM)
A device which provides non-volatile storage memory. Information stored
in EPROM can be erased only by special procedures.

ERL
Echo Return Loss.

Erlang
A measure of telephone traffic intensity equivalent to the average
number of simultaneous calls. Alternatively, it is the total circuit
usage in an interval of time divided by that interval. Thus, 1 erlang
equals 3600 call seconds per hour or 36 CCS per hour.

Error Messages
Formatted messages generated by a failure in the execution of software
processes or individual tasks within processes. An error report is
printed on selected teleprinters to inform the operator of the error.

ERP
Effective Radiated Power.

Error Amplifier
One of the staged correction amplifier modules located in the LPA
shelf. Based on signals from the pre-error amplifier, provides gain
necessary to cancel IM products generated in the LPA. When summed with
the LPA output, the IM products are cancelled, leaving only the
carrier.

ESD
Electrostatic Discharge.

ESF
Executive Function

ESI
External Serial Interface

ESN
Electronic Serial Number. A unique electronic serial number assigned to
a mobile subscriber's equipment.

ESS
Electronic Switch System

Ethernet
LAN communications interface used by the the GLIs, RFDS, LPA, LMF and
between systems. Uses TCP/IP control and various application layers
(PDC-A, SCAP, API, or CLI).

Event Report
A small, asynchronous, system-generated message used to carry
information related to an event. Notifications consist of a common set
of parameters shared by all event reports, and if necessary, specific
information particular to each event type.

Event Management
A part of the Fault Management system. It provides information about
system operations.

EX
In DYNA TAC systems, identifies whether home mobile stations must send
MIN1 or both MIN1 and MIN2 when accessing the system. EX differs from E
in that the information is stored in the mobile station's security and
identification memory. See Numeric Information.

Exception
The state of an IPR when it has been logged n times during one
reporting period, such that n is equal to the threshold value defined
for the IPR. Once an IPR has reached the exception state, any
additional loggings of it during the reporting period will be ignored.
All IPRs that have reached the exception state are reset to the enabled
state at the beginning of the next 30 minute reporting period.

Exception Threshold
When an IPR is logged, its report count is incremented. When the report
count is greater than the exception threshold value, further loggings
of that IPR are discarded.

Exchange
Provide the focal point for sending and receiving messages between the
different programs in the EMX 2500 system. Each Exchange contains
message buffers which are used to send messages from or receive
messages into the Exchange. The Exchange name provides the routing
information for sending a message to an Exchange.

Exchange Code
That portion of a subscriber's telephone number which identifies the
central office or exchange to which the subscriber belongs.

EXEC
Executive

EXEC Services
Operating system services provided by the Executive software package
including scheduling, memory allocation, and interprocessor
communication.

EXEC Tables
Used by the EXEC to schedule jobs to execution. Includes: Time Table,
Process Table, State Table, and Task Table.

Execution Control Register (ECR)
The ECR is a one byte register on the processor card used for one byte
at a time communication with another processor in the same node.
Several status, control, and handshake bits are provided for used with
the ECR.

Executive Function (ESF)
An executive or operating system, is a software facility providing
system resource management, task scheduling and communication
functions.

Executive Program (EXEC)
The process that coordinates and controls all functions and activities
of any one node. EXEC includes scheduling of application programs,
communications between application programs, timing, resource
management, checkpointing, load sharing, and interrupt handling.

EXP
Expiration

EXPDIV Table
Used for expanded network division codes specifying the division code
data parameters. Non-expanded division network codes are specified in
the DIVCOD table.

Extended Advanced Mobile Phone System (EAMPS)
Refers to additional voice channels defined as an extension to AMPS
systems. Analogous to E-T.A.C.S in T.A.C.S. systems.

Extended Multiple Port Interface (EMPI)
In the Motorola LD series base station, serves as a communications
multiplexer for the CSC-to-VCC serial data links to allow the
connection of two of the eight VCCs to a single CSC. Two EMPIs are
required for redundant sites.

Extended Protocol
Extended Protocol is an optional NAMPS expansion of the signalling
messages between the land station and the mobile unit. It allows for
the addition of system features and operational capabilities. In
particular it allows pages and thus the Digital Message Services.

Extended Total Access Communications System
(E-T.A.C.S.)
Motorola mobile/portable radiotelephone system as implemented in Europe
and compatible systems, using additional voice channels. Analogous to
EAMPS in AMPS systems.

Extension Cage
Card cage which contains processor peripheral cards only and is
electrically connected to a processor cage (i.e., Communications
Control Processor, Switch Control Unit).

Extent
Contiguous blocks allocated to a particular file in the EMX 2500
system.

External Clock Sync
A synchronization timing signal between two independent switches for
data transfer synchronization.

External Handover
A type of handover from a source TCH in one MM to a target TCH in
another MM, regardless of whether they are under control of the same
MSC.

External IPR
These IPRs are used for maintenance purposes and are of a general
information nature.

External Memory Test
Provided in each processor that has external memory. The test detects
any "stuck-at" memory problems, control bus problems, and card address
problems.

External Miscellaneous Alarms
These alarms do not directly affect the condition of the EMX 2500
system.

External Synchronizing Clock and Reference (ECLK)
Provides the same functions as the CLK with the added ability to
synchronize system timing to recovered PCM timing or bipolar or
differential clock source. PCM clock recovery circuit on a DGI or CRB.
See Digital Synchronization Subsystem.

+---+
| F |
+---+

FACCH
Fast ACCH. An auxiliary dedicated control channel which temporarily
steals the TCH to perform high speed transmissions, carrying control
information after a call is set up.

Fallback Version
An earlier software version that is reverted to if a modification or
upgrade results in undesirable side effects.

Failure Rate
The number of failures which occur during a given period of time.

Fan Alarm-2 (FA) Board
Monitors the operation of the cooling fans located in each EMX 2500
frame.

Fast Frequency Shift Keying (FFSK)
A form of data transmission in which the modulation frequencies are
harmonically related to the baud rate (usually 1 and 1-1/2 cycles/baud)
and the transitions occur at zero crossings.

Fault
Any of several malfunctions which are detected and reported to the
Fault Isolation Subsystem. These malfunctions may be caused by
hardware, software, or system type problems.

Fault Isolation Subsystem (FISO)
The set of programs that provides the mechanisms for reporting and
processing the fault condition of the EMX 2500 system.

Fault Management (FM)
The software function responsible for detecting and analyzing EMX
hardware and software failures, including the process designed to
reconfigure the system to restore normal operation.

Feature Package
Customer-defined assortment of calling options, e.g., Speed Dialing, No
Answer Transfer, Extended Area Coverage.

Feature Package Table
In subscriber recent change (SIM) the feature package table contains up
to 100 entries which can have different groupings of special features
available in the EMX. Feature packages 1-99 can be defined to be any
combination of the In-Entry 0. For instance, one feature package might
include Call Forwarding only, and another might include Call Forwarding
and No Answer Transfer.

Features
Standard and optional features available to subscribers.

FEC
Forward Error Correction. Correction of transmission errors by
transmitting additional information with the original bit stream. If an
error is detected, the additional information is used to recreate the
original information. The RF Modem transceiver card provides this
function.

FEP
Front End Processor. A GPROC card in the XC which is loaded with BTS
(not XCDR) software and terminates LAPD links from the BTS.

FFS
For Further Study.

FFSK
Fast Frequency Shift Keying

FIFO
First-In First-Out

File
Collection of data records treated as a single unit, e.g., data file,
customer file.

File Manager (FM)
EMX 2500 system program that does the disk and tape I/O to the disk
drive, and handling all disk and tape activities.

FILO
First-in-last-out. See LIFO.

Final Amplifier
One of the staged main amplifier modules located in the LPA shelf.
Provides final gain in two stages for the signal from the driver
amplifier.

Firmware
Programs or control instructions which are not changeable (by the user)
and which are held in Read Only Memory (ROM).

FIRSTCHA
The number of the first control channel used for accessing a system.
See Numeric Information.

FIRSTCHP
The number of the first control channel used for paging mobile
stations. See Numeric Information.

First-In First-Out (FIFO)
Memory logic device in which the information placed in the memory in a
given order is retrieved in that order. (See Queue.)

First Mixer Module
Mixes the output of the 4-way splitter in a DYNA TAC system with the
first local oscillator signal to derive the first I-F signal.

FIRSTCHA
In DYNA TAC systems, the number of the first control channel used for
accessing a system. See Numeric Information.

FIRSTCHP
In DYNA TAC systems, the number of the first control channel used for
paging mobile stations. See Numeric Information.

First Office Application (FOA)
The FOA is the first commercial test of a new product and/or product
release, utilizing customer-owned production hardware and supported by
Motorola development and on-site personnel. In accordance with the
process objectives, FOA sites are chosen, wherever possible, to
encompass and represent the majority of existing customer system
configurations applicable to the new CSR. One FOA site may not contain
all the representative products necessary to test all new releases
within the CSR. Under these circumstances, additional subsequent FOA's
may be needed to test any remaining untested products and/or software
releases. The more limited scope of these subsequent FOA's requires
Motorola support of only those development groups responsible for the
yet untested products and/or software release(s).

First Stage Switch
Functions to switch an inbound channel associated with a particular
inway timeslot to a TSI which has an available outway timeslot to
complete the desired connection.

FISO
See Fault Isolation Subsystem.

FISO Isolation Task
Determines the root cause of device faults.

Fixed Charge Rate
A purchasable Special Product which increments an equipped mobile's
Charge Meter by a fixed amount after a given time interval. Also see
Variable Charge Rate.

Fixed Network Equipment
The EMX switch and base sites, i.e., those portions of the cellular
system that are not mobile.

Flag
A character or indicator that signals the occurrence of some
conditions, such as the end of a word.

Flash
A succession of off-hook/on-hook signals. See also Hookswitch Flash.

Flip-Flop
A bistable memory device that can store data as either a logic 1 or 0.

Flash Request
In DYNA TAC systems, a message sent on a voice channel from a mobile
station to a land station indicating that a user desires to invoke
special processing.

FM
Fault Management

FM
See File Manager.

FM
Frequency Modulation

FNE
Fixed Network Equipment

FOA
See First Office Application.

FOCC
Forward Control Channel

"Follow-Me" Call
Calls generated when the mobile subscriber has informed the EMX that he
is a roamer in another area. Follow-me calls are automatically
forwarded to the area where the mobile has registered. See Automatic
Roaming.

FORCE
See PUT/FORCE/STATUS Commands and PUT/FORCE/STATUS Messages.

Forced Disconnect
Procedure whereby a call is terminated, usually not at the mobile
subscriber's request, after a specified time interval.

Foreground
The automatic execution of higher priority computer programs which are
designed to preempt the use of the lower priority background
activities.

Foreign
A mobile subscriber registered on one cell group who is permanently
registered in another cell group in which (s)he makes and receives
calls frequently. Such a subscriber is classified as a "foreign" in the
call processing data base.

Foreign Parameter Package (FORPKG)
An assortment of subscriber attributes, including OCOS, TCOS, Feature
Package, and Coverage Package, which can be assigned to groups of valid
foreign mobiles.

Formatted Messages
The standard data element used to activate processes and tasks in the
EMX system. Message consists of two parts: EXEC routing and control
data, and user application program data area, e.g., billing data. The
format of an EXEC routing and control message is as follows:

* Data Byte Count
* Message Type
* Destination Process ID
* Destination Local ID
* Sending Process ID
* Sending Local ID
* Relay Process ID
* User Application Program Data

(See Message Buffers.) In many cases, the user area is omitted because the
message type indicates what process of task should be activated. The routing
and control data is used by the EXEC to direct the message to the proper
destination program.

FORPKG
See Foreign Parameter Package.

Forward Control Channel (FOCC)
In DYNA TAC systems, a control channel used from a land station to a
mobile station.

Forward Voice Channel (FVC)
In DYNA TAC systems, a voice channel used from a land station to a
mobile station.

Four-Way (4-Way) Splitter
Splits the signal from the preselector of the DYNA TAC base station
into three parts; (1) to the commutating switch for the scan receiver,
(2) to one of 6 mixer modules for the first 8 channels, and (3) to one
of 6 mixer modules for the second 8 channels (or spare for 8-channel
receiver), and (4) spare.

Four-Wire Line
A two-way transmission circuit using two pairs of conductors. One pair
is used to transmit information in one direction and the other pair is
used to transmit in the other direction. Refers to the links available
in full duplex mode without requiring multiplexing.

FP
Frame Pulse.

Frame
1) A set of consecutive Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) time slots
containing samples from all channels of a group, where the position of
each sample is identified by reference to a frame alignment signal. 2)
Refers to the array of bits across the width of magnetic tape. 3) A
frame is an information or signal structure which allows a receiver to
identify uniquely an information channel. 4) A mechanical rail assembly
for equipment mounting.

Frame Alignment
The state in which the frame of the receiving equipment is synchronized
with respect to that of the received signal to accomplish accurate data
extraction.

Frame Alignment Signal
The distinctive signal used to enable frame alignment to be secured.

Frame Alignment Time Slot
A particular time slot starting at a particular phase in each frame and
allocated to the transmission of a frame alignment signal.

Frame Length
Duration of a frame.

Frame Synchronization
Required to determine the starting bit position of signal each slot.

Free/Busy Channels
The current state of an RF channel. RF channels are marked by channel
control software as being free or as being currently involved in a
call.

Free/Busy Channel Table
Contains numbers of channels currently in-service and indicates which
channels are being used and which channels are free.

Free/Busy Mobiles
The current state of a mobile unit. Channel control software marks
mobiles as either idle or currently involved in a call.

Free/Busy Mobile and Channels
Mobile units and channels which are either available for transmission
(free) or are already being used for a call (busy). The status of
channels and mobiles are maintained in tables that mark channels and
mobiles as free or busy.

Free/Busy Mobile Tables
Contains numbers of mobile units currently in-service and indicates
which mobiles are being used and which mobiles are free.

FREQ
Frequency.

Frequency/Channel Borrowing
A term for the use of RF channels out of their normal place in the
reuse pattern. Example: If an area is served with four cells, the
normal maximum for any one cell is 78 channels. However, user
distribution may dictate a need for 85 channels in one cell and only 40
in the other three cells. To increase the capacity without all
subdivision, seven channels can be "borrowed" from the normal
complement of one of the three cells and installed in the cell
requiring 85. If cell subdivision is eventually required, the
"borrowed" channels may be returned to their proper location in the
pattern.

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
The form of frequency modulation in which the modulating signal shifts
the output frequency between predetermined values. (Commonly, the
instantaneous frequency is shifted between two discrete values termed
the mark and space frequencies.)

Frequency Translation Error
A phenomenon which occasionally occurs on imperfect carrier systems
which results in all frequencies transmitted over a voice channel are
displaced by a few Hertz.

FRU
Field Replaceable Unit. A board, module, etc. which can be easily
replaced in the field with a few simple tools.

FSK
Frequency Shift Keying

FTL
Engineering Field Trial.

FTP
File Transfer Protocol.

FTR
Feature

FTT
Field/Functional Testing.

Full-Duplex
Refers to a communication system, or equipment capable of transmission
simultaneously in two directions.

Fully Redundant
A configuration in which all active units providing service are backed
up by additional units in standby, and the standby units are capable of
providing service if an active unit fails.

FUNCT Table
Displays the function code number to determine the called number
assigned to the function code number.

Functional Unit
A software identifier for a hardware device, sometimes the same as the
name for the operating software for the hardware device.

Fuse Panel Board
Protects the related power supply and boards from power surges or
excessive power consumption, i.e., shorts to many boards from shorts or
excessive loads. The fuse panel also helps monitor power at each rack
through the alarm maintenance multiplexer.

FVC
Forward Voice Channel

FW
See Call Forwarding.

FX
Foreign Exchange Line.

FXO
Foreign Exchange Office.

FXS
Foreign Exchange Subscriber.

+---+
| G |
+---+

GA
See General Availability.

GaAs
Gallium Arsenic.

GCLK Card Generic Clock card
Part of the XC. Generates all timing reference signals for the XC.

General Availability (GA)
Indicates that all prior development, test and FOA activity for the
software product release have been satisfactorily completed in
accordance with GA release criteria for the product, and that the
release is orderable by all customers with applicable product or system
.

GHz
Giga-Hertz (109). A unit of frequency equal to 1 billion hertz.

GI
Group Interface

GID
Group ID.

GIO (Gateway I/O Process)
The process responsible for changing message formats and routing
messages to and from an EMX Switch.

Glare
The condition when both the local and distant end of a trunk are seized
at the same instant; resulting in deadlock of the trunk. See Dual
Seizure

Glare Hold and Glare Release
A method of glare resolution. One end of the trunk is assigned glare
hold status and the other glare release status. In the event of glare,
the glare hold end holds the trunk and the glare release end releases
the trunk and attempts to seize another.

Global Parameters
System-wide parameters used within the EMX.

Global Title Translation (GTT)
GTT is a function performed by an SS7 Signaling Transfer Point (STP) in
an SS7 network which takes as input a set of digits and produces an SS7
destination point code. GTT is used by SS7 network entities when
routing information based on digits, is stored in an STP rather than at
each individual network entity.

GLR
Gateway Location Register.

GMT
Group Multiplexer Terminator

GMU
Group Multiplexer Unit

GMUP
Group Multiplexer Unit Power

GMX
Group Multiplexer

GMXR
Group Multiplexer Card, Redundant

GOS
Grade Of Service. A defined level of traffic channel blocking.

GPM
General Purpose Module. A hardware component (board) located in the
Tandem ST-2000.

GPROC Card
Generic Processor card. Part of the XC. A transcoder processor card.
Configuration defined by software loading, whether FEP, FM, Operations
& Maintenance, or Call Processsing. Interfaces LANs, the MCAP bus,
serial bus, and TDM bus. Supports up to 32 serial links.

Graceful Transition (REMOVE PROC)
Using a processor in the off-line mode while the rest of the system
remains on-line during troubleshooting.

Grade-of-Service
A measure of what percentage of calls placed through an exchange fail
to be completed due to congestion of that exchange. For example: If one
call in 100 fails, this would be a grade-of-service of 1%. Sometimes
the telephone industry in the U.S. refers to this as P01. Both terms
are equal.

Greater Calling Area (GCA)
In OBL-B systems, a home area in which a mobile subscriber is
registered.

Groom
A method to combine a large number of lightly loaded span lines into a
smaller number of fully loaded span lines.

Ground
Cold or common side of Central Office power supply.

Groundstart
Seizure signal initiated by connecting the ring of a line to ground.

Ground Terminator Board (GTB)
Used to provide a ground point for shielding address and data lines for
SRAM twisted pair wiring on the backplane.

Group
The set of 24 or 30 PCM channels assembled by time division
multiplexing.

Group and Output Pulse Digits
String of signal bits with translated digits and out-trunk numbers.

Group Identification
A subset of the most significant bits of the subsystem identification
(SID) that is used to identify a group of cellular systems.

Group Interface (GI)
A card in the GMU, SGS, SGE, SNU or SNE which interfaces it to a set of
24 or 30 audio channels. A group interface may be a Voice Group
Interface (VGI), Tone Group Interface (TGI) or Three-Party Conference
(TPC) or Digital Group Interface (DGI) card.

Group Multiplexer Card (GMX)
The GMX card sequentially interrogates the 16 interface cards 24 or 32
times each during each data frame, and drives the byte-wide inbound
data buses to the Switch Unit (SWU). Simultaneously, the GMX card
distributes data outbound from the SWU to the respective interface
boards.

Group Multiplexer Terminator (GMT)
A circuit card in the Group Multiplexer Unit (GMU) used to terminate
the differential data bus.

Group Multiplexer Unit (GMU)
Converts the bit streams of up to 16 VGIs into 8-bit parallel format in
the group interfaces and time division multiplex transmits this
information to the Switch Unit (SWU). It also receives time division
multiplexed 8-bit parallel words from the SWU, converts to serial
format in the group interfaces and sends the resulting Pulse Code
Modulation (PCM) bit streams to the voice group units.

GSD
Geographical System Display. Application on OMC-R workstation that
permits viewing of cellular information in a geographical format.

GTB
Ground Terminator Board

GTT
See Global Title Translation.

GUARDIAN
Tandem Computer, Inc. Operating System; also known as the GUARDIAN 90
Operating System. It is message-based, modular in design, supports
multiple processors in a single system, and features a Network File
System.

Guard Time
Time allocated for avoiding collision of bursts transmitted by TDMA
mobiles which are transmitting in adjacent timeslots on the same RF
frequency.

GUI
Graphical User Interface. Part of the OMC-R user interface. Provides
graphical screen presentation of objects with point and click or menu
inputs. Contrast to CLI.

GVPC
Gateway Virtual Point Code.

+---+
| H |
+---+

HA
Home Area

Handfrom
A handover from a designated source to an unidentified target.

Handler
A program that controls a particular input, output, or storage device.
This program can also control files or an interrupt facility.

Handoff (HO)
The process by which a cellular mobile subscriber engaged in a call,
and traveling throughout a coverage area, is switched from
channel-to-channel (or cell-to-cell) automatically during the course of
the conversation. This occurs when the system determines that poor
quality conversation could result if the call is not handed off to a
cell or RF channel of better coverage.

Handoff SSI Bias Offset
The purpose of the Handoff SSI (Signal Strength Indicator) Bias Offset
feature is to compensate for abnormal handoff border situations with
certain IS-41 vendors. Some Intersystem Handoff border situations
cannot be resolved using conventional cellular switching configuration
adjustments. This feature modifies the signal strength measurement in
the Handoff Measurement Return Result message to allow call handoffs to
occur in the vicinity of the serving area border in both directions.

Handover (HO)
The switching of the mobile end of a cellular call 1) from one cell
site location to another; 2) from one cell/sector to another at the
same cell site location; or 3) from one set of frequencies and
timeslots to another within the same sector/cell.

Handover Attempt
The action of seizing or allocating a TCH for a handover, following a
handover request. An attempt occurs when a traffic channel is assigned
on the target sector and a handover execution is attempted to it.

Handover Candidate
A channel which meets the requirements to be considered a handoff
choice.

Handover Completion
A call which is successfully handed over to a target sector following a
handover attempt. A handover is completed when a new logical channel in the
target sector is assigned to the existing call connection.

Handover Failure
A call which fails to be successfully handed over to a target sector,
cell or timeslot following a handover attempt.

Handover IROSC
Handover Incomplete
Remain On Source Channel. An unsuccessful handover attempt where the
call remains on the source TCH.

Handover Request
A request for handover initiated by the source TCH; applies to handfrom
only.

Handover Start
A message received by the transcoder telling it to proceed with the
handover.

Handshake Protocol
In IMTS systems, messages exchanged between the EMX and BSC to
establish a communication link for further transmissions. A maximum of
16 modems can be utilized by the EMX. Messages include Acknowledgment
(ACK), No Acknowledgment (NACK), Request-to-End (RTS) and Clear-to-Send
(CTS).

Handto
A handover to a designated target from an unidentified source.

Hard Copy
Any system information printed in some permanent form.

Hard Handoff
The act of handing off a subscriber to the next base site after (s)he
has crossed to the cell coverage limit when a conference bridge is
unavailable. This handoff may cause a short interruption in service.

Hard Tape Errors
Errors encountered by the Magnetic Tape Drive Interface (MTDI) or the
Tape Clock Board (TCB) when the card either cannot write a block of
data to tape or cannot read a block of data from tape.

Hardware
Physical equipment components.

Hardware/Software Alarm Messages
Formatted messages indicating status changes, fault conditions, or
reconfiguration of a hardware component. Alarm messages generate
reports via the Teleprinter Executive (TEX) and/or activate indicators
on alarm and status panels.

Harmonic Filter
Used in the DYNA TAC base stations to remove unwanted harmonics of the
transmitter frequencies to prevent their being radiated by the antenna.

Hash
A mathematical operation performed on the file name or other key in
order to determine which physical directory block should contain that
file's directory entry. With hashing, normally a file's directory entry
is found on the first access.

HD
HD Series of Base Station Products

HDLC
High Level Data Link Control. An international protocol standard for
data exchange on a single data link, used within CCITT X.25.

HD II
HD II Series of Base Station Products

Header
Small block of descriptive information about a table, queue, or storage
area.

Header Record
Marks the beginning of a new DAS tape; also generated as the first
record after midnight.

Hekimian
Refers to the Hekimian components of the transmission measurement set
used in Radio Channel Test. These components are model numbers 3901C,
3916, and 3927-1.

Help Text Files
Contain the description of how each MMI command is to be used.

Hexadecimal (HEX)
A way of representing binary data (bits) grouping data into base 16
representing decimal equivalents of 0 through 15 using characters 0-9
and A-F.

Highway
A transmission path capable of carrying multiplexed data.

Highway Interface (HI)
A board which interfaces to the TDM Highway such as the DGI-24, DGI-30
boards.

Highway Interface Control (HIC)
Control lines which gate data to and from the TDM Highway.

HLR (Home Location Register)
A database of subscriber identification numbers which are assigned to a
home service area for record-keeping purposes.

HMI
Human/Machine Interface.

HNPA
Home Numbering Plan Area Code. Also see NPA.

HPSC
High Powered Self Contained

HO
See handover or hand-off.

Holding Signal
The 1950 Hz tone transmitted by the IBSC in OBL-B systems to the mobile
after successfully decoding the call confirmation signal. This signal
initiates ringing in the mobile and keeps the mobile locked to the
speaking channel. It also initiates ringback tones to the land calling
party.

Home Area (HA or CGSA-H)
Geographical area providing two-way radio service for a given locale.
Name based on rate center consideration. See also Cellular Geographic
Service Area

Home Channels
All radio channels, within a given frequency band, available in a
subscriber's home Mobile Service Area (MSA).

Home Mobile Station
In DYNA TAC systems, a mobile station which operates in the cellular
system from which service is subscribed.

Hookswitch Flash
Repeated flash signal originated by a subscriber, requesting circuit
release.

Host EMX
see EMX Host.

HOT
Handoff Order Timer

Hot Billing
Same as Marked Subscriber.

HOTL
Hot Line.

Hot-Line Mobile
A mobile which always originates calls to the same terminating number
regardless of what digits are dialed (except emergency numbers).

Hourly Status Records
Statistics recorded on magnetic tape at one hour intervals:

* Communications Records
* Subscriber Records
* System Records
* Tape Management Records
* Time Change Records

HSCP
Home Signal Control Point

HTM
Hekimian Test Module.

HTSUM
Handoff Ticketing Summary record.

HWC
Hardware Controller.

Hybrid
A circuit used in telephony to convert 2-wire operation to 4-wire
operation and vice versa. Every telephone contains a hybrid to separate
earpiece and mouthpiece audio and couple both into a 2-wire circuit
that connects the phone to the Central Office.

Hz
Hertz

+---+
| I |
+---+

I
ANI information digit.

I/O
Input/Output
I&Q

In phase and Quadrature phase. The two signals used to modulate the
carrier in a QPSK modulated system.

IB
Interface Board, either BIB or T43IB, for span line.

IBL
Inter-BSC Link

IBT
Interconnect Bus Terminator

IC
Inter-LATA common carrier or integrated circuit.

ICL
See Inter-Cell Links.

ICLK
International Clock

ICT
Incoming Trunk.

ICT-1 Board
See Interrupt Cut Through-1 Board.

ICTG
Incoming Trunk Group.

ID
Identification number

IDDD
See International Direct Distance Dialing.

IDF
Intermediate Distribution Frame

Idle
For the LTMS, a mode that monitors control and broadcast channels and
displays information on them.

Idle Channel
In Nordic systems, a radio channel assigned to a base station and not
in use (i.e., not occupied and not a marked traffic channel). See
Marked Traffic Channel.

Idle Channel Noise
A form of message circuit noise a listener would hear during an idle
period in a conversation.

Idle Group Signal
In OBL-B systems, the free speaking channels of a sub-area are
characterized by the idle group signal. All speaking channels of a
sub-area use different idle group signal numbers to prevent overlapping
of radio coverage areas. The mobile subscriber can choose a sub-area to
hold a conversation in by programming his mobile's receiver to scan a
selected idle group signal number.

IDR
Implicit Deregistration.

IDTG
International Dual Tone Multi-Frequency Tone Generator

IDTR
International Dual Tone Multi-Frequency Tone Receiver

IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

i-f
Intermediate Frequency

IF
ANI Identification Failure.

IGW
International Gateway Switch.

IM
Intermodulation.

IMD
Intermodulation Distortion.

Immediate Billing
Same as Marked Subscriber.

Immediate Dial
A signaling protocol that readies the receiving switch to collect the
incoming digits upon receipt of the incoming request for service. The
sending switch requests service delay for a fixed time period and then
begins outpulsing.

Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS)
A mobile telephone service providing automatic radio channel selection,
two-way direct customer dialing, automatic accounting and full
simultaneous duplex operation. Denotes specific technical and
operational criteria; standard in basic form with all Bell System and
many independent telephone companies.

IMT
See Intermachine Trunk.

IMT Testing
Intermachine trunk testing of the channel from one switching center to
another over the microwave network or over the media rather than
testing back into the telco.

IMTS Mobile Telephone
Vehicular unit capable of placing and receiving direct customer dialed
calls automatically on IMTS systems. Understood to include home, roam
and manual modes and full simultaneous duplex operation. May or may not
include "party," touch dial, or other optional features.

IN
Intelligent Network.

In Trunk
An audio input circuit into the EMX switch from the land network
Central Office used to make a land-to-mobile call.

INA
See In-Service Active.

INB
See In-Service Busy.

In-Band Signaling
A discipline in which audio tones between 300 and 3400 Hz provide
supervisory and/or address signaling.

Inbound PCM/DATA Bus
These 8-bit buses provide the transmission paths for the switch data
from the SMI boards to the first stage switches.

Inbound Voice Sample Parity
Parity error has been detected somewhere on the inbound side of the PCM
path into the EMX switch (GI-GMX-SGI).

INC
(1) Incoming Level Test. (2) International Common Carrier.

INCSIG Table
Provides the parameters which describe the incoming signaling data
elements associated with trunk groups.

Information and Problem Reporting (IPR)
The mechanism of the system that alerts the operator of a change in
system status. An IPR is a unique log number defined for one of the log
types. An IPR consists of a text message which can be displayed on any
or all of the CAMP terminals. The text of the IPR message identifies
the type of report, the specific report number and pertinent data
values. Also see Log Type, Print Priority.

INI
See In-Service Idle.

INIT
A procedural modifier for a telephony state. Indicates the system is in
the process of initializing the device.

Initialize Alarms Display
Alarms region initialization involves sending an ASCII string which
contains column headings and any other fixed characters in the display,
and initializes the variable fields to blanks for all CRTs in an alarms
region.

Initial Program Load (IPL)
Refers to the process of loading into memory the required programs and
assuming old memory contents are disregarded. Also see Bootstrap.

Initialization
1) A manual procedure such as system start-up. 2) Software routines
that are executed at system startup which puts hardware and software
into known states so that normal system activities can begin in a
controlled fashion.

INL
Internodal Link

Input/Output (I/O) Unit
Peripheral devices such as teleprinters, tape drives, used for input or
output to the processor or system.

INS
See In-Service.

INSAOA
In-service state or automatic restoral list.

INS-BUSY
See In-Service Busy.

INS-CMPN
See In-Service Campon.

In-Service (INS, ISV)
1) An indicator about the status of hardware that says the hardware is
operational. This indicator is often used with another indicator (for
example, active) that further qualifies the state of the hardware. 2)
Part of a maintenance command instructing the EMX switch to put a
hardware unit into service. 3) A device is in-service and is usable by
any call processing or maintenance functions. The device has no
redundant capabilities in the system.

In-Service Active (INS-ACT, INA)
Unit is active and being used.

In-Service Busy (INB, INS-BUSY)
Circuit being used. The device is a single port unit of the switch,
currently busy with a code and is unable to handle any further traffic
until the first call releases.

In-Service Campon (INS-CMPN)
When an INS unit or circuit that is busy has been requested for some
maintenance purpose. It is marked so that no further new use is
allowed. After the present use terminates, the unit or circuit becomes
available for the requester. A timeout can be specified so that the
campon does not last for an unreasonable amount of time. If the campon
expires then the request is denied.

In-Service Idle (INS-IDLE)
Circuit available and not being used. Device is a single port unit of
the switch (BCU, BSC, RANN, trunk receiver, etc.). The device is not
busy by a call processing function. It is available for any future call
processing function.

In-Service Recovery (INS-RCVY)
Fault detected in this unit or circuit. The recovery program has placed
it in this state so that no new users will be allowed.

In-Service Standby (INS-SBY)
A redundant hardware unit is not being used but is available for use if
needed. The device can be used for rotation into the active position
for use by call processing or any legal maintenance commands.

In-Service Test (INS-TST)
Unit or circuit is being tested but has not been reconfigured out of
the switch network.

INS-IDLE
See In-Service Idle.

INS-RCVY
See In-Service Recovery.

INS-SBY
See In-Service Standby.

INS-TST
See In-Service Test.

Instruction
A software statement that specifies an operation and the values or
locations of its operands or message.

Integrated Circuit (IC)
A functional circuit whose components and interconnecting "leads" are
formed on a single chip of semiconductor material.

Integrated Digital Network
A network in which A/D and D/A conversion takes place only at the
subscriber's telephone sets.

Inter-Cell Links (ICL)
Inter-cell links are links that run between the controlling devices of
mate cells. The controlling device can be either a CSC (for an LD or HD
II cell) or an MSCP (for an HD cell). "ICL 1" refers to the link that
connects a CSC 1 or MSCP 1 of the primary cell to the CSC 1 of the
secondary cell. Similarly, "ICL 2" refers to the link that connects a
CSC 2 or MSCP 2 of the primary cell to the CSC 2 of the secondary cell.
Both ICL 1 and ICL 2 are bi-directional links. Also see Composite Cell.

Intercept
1) The agency (usually an operator) to which calls are routed when made
to a line recently removed from service, or in some other category,
requiring explanation. Automated Intercept System (AIS) versions with
automatic voice response units are growing in use. 2) In DYNA TAC
systems, the intercept order is used to inform the user of a procedural
error made in placing the call.

Interface
A connecting point between two systems or subsystems.

Interference
The presence of unwanted RF signals at a receiving station that results
in service degradation to at least one subscriber. Examples are
co-channel or adjacent channel interference.

Interference Handover
One of the causes for handover. Indicates a high BER combined with high
intra-sector or low inter-sector RSSI, either uplink or downlink. The
handover is recommended by the transceiver when the confidence
percentage of averages threshold has been exceeded.

INTERL
Inter-LATA; a type of Outward Route requiring use of an inter-LATA
carrier.

Intermachine Trunk (IMT)
Also called Transit Trunk. (1) A transmission facility (circuit)
connecting one OCC switching system to another OCC switching system.
IMTs are terrestrial or satellite and are used on shared (contention)
or a dedicated basis for carrying all types of switched traffic. (2) A
trunk used to connect two independent switches.

Intermittent Reception
Group paging technique, allows a mobile to be in standby as much as 94%
of the time.

International Direct Distance Dialing (IDDD)
A type of dialing which implies that a subset of the dialed digits
contains the world number; no Inward Translation is necessary.

Interoffice Trunk
Telephone trunk between two local Central Offices.

Internal IPR
IPRs that are for internal EMX 2500 use only.

Internal Miscellaneous Alarms
These are the alarms that affect system performance. The customer may
use the EMX 2500 switching system maintenance subsystem to report
conditions that affect the operation of the switching system even
though the failure is not actually part of the EMX 2500 equipment.

Inter-Sector Handover
type of handover involved in moving the mobile to a target sector
located at the same cell site or a handover to a target sector located
at a different cell site.

Intersystem Handoff
The operation by which a call in process on a radio channel under the
control of a current serving MSC can be transferred to another radio
channel under the control of a different MSC without interruption to
the communication in process. Either MSC can be an EMX Switch.

Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF)
The physical location for the electrical connections between the
equipment within a Central Office.

Internodal Link (INL)
A bi-directional communication path between two EMX nodes.

Interoffice Trunk
Telephone trunk between two local Central Offices.

Interprocessor Communications Package
Software package which handles the transfer and integrity of all
messages passed between processors and all messages to or from
teletypes/CRTs. Divisions include internodal links, twin processor
links, base links and serial links.

Interprocessor Communication Protocol
Sequence of events necessary to transfer data from one processor to
another. This includes all handshaking and validity checking involved.

Interrupt
Signals from an EMX component, or change in line states, fault
conditions, or ASCII-encoded input generated by EMX hardware or
telephone network devices can cause an Interrupt Service Routine (IRS)
to be initiated.

Interrupt Cut Through-1 (ICT-1) Board
Allows interrupt enable signals to reach the destination board when the
daisy chain continuity is broken or past a missing board.

Interrupt Response Task (IRT)
A software task scheduled for execution by the EXEC in response to a
processor interrupt. (See Interrupt Service Routine.)

Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
A software routine which is immediately executed when a processor
interrupt is received. An ISR may handle the interrupt itself or cause
an interrupt response task to be scheduled.

Inter-Switch Handoff Record
A record that allows construction of a history of the call. It contains
a switch identification and air time figure for how long the party was
present on that switch.

Intra-Base Site Links (IBL)
Links that run between controlling devices at the cell site. There are
two bi-directional IBLs that run between controlling devices in a cell.
Within an HD cell there are two IBLs that connect the cell's MSCP 1 to
its MSCP 2. Similarly, within an LD or HD II cell there are two IBLs
that connect the cell's CSC 1 to its CSC 2.

Intraoffice Trunk
Trunk or path connection within the same Central Office.

IOP
I/O Processor. Located on the XCDR. Exchanges data.

INV (Invoke Message)
An Invoke Message is sent by either a switch or the IS-41 Converter to
initiate an Automatic Roaming or Intersystem Handoff activity.

Invalid Mobile-ID
A mobile-ID which does not exist in the aggregate of subscriber
information.

Inward Translation
The process of determining a world number, based on the dialed digits.
Digits may be added or removed from the dialed digits when necessary.

Inway Test Receiver
An injection/monitor test receiver is used to test the inways. The test
receiver is shared by the two first stage switches on each MUX board.
Inway data is looped back to the test receiver at a point beyond the
inway drivers. A multiplexer permits any inway to be accessed by the
receiver under control of the SMP.

Inways
The 8.192 MHz serial transmission lines which transmit data from first
stage switches to the TSI.

INY
See In-Service Standby.

I/O
See Input/Output Unit.

IOP
I/O Processor. Located on the XCDR. Exchanges data.

IP
Internet Protocol. A protocol which defines the unreliable,
connection-less delivery mechanism of data packets between computer
systems.

IPL
Initial Program Load

ipm
Impulses (Interruptions) Per Minute

IPR
See Information and Problem Reporting.

IPR Collection
The process of receiving logged IPRs and entering them in the
appropriate log files.

IPR Demand Display
The process of formatting log reports for log records in a log file.

IPR Dictionary Page
The information on an IPR dictionary page can be divided into three
categories: a description of the IPR report which is logged by the IPR
subsystem, the actions to be taken, if any, upon the logging of the
IPR, and a description of the alarm which is associated with this IPR.

IPR Distribution
The process of formatting log reports as the IPRs are logged, then
distributing them to any active terminals.

IPR Log File
For each log type there is a disk resident file that contains records
for each log type. This file is managed as a circular file and the
entries are in chronological order. Each entry (log record) contains
all the dynamic information associated with the logging of an IPR which
is needed to build the log report. It consists of: log number; posted
date; posted time; exception state; sending processor; data arguments;
and the sender's task ID.

IPR Logging
The process of detecting that an IPR needs to be reported, and sending
the information needed to the IPR collection task.

IPR Number
Every IPR within a log type is assigned a number ranging from 0 to the
maximum IPR number allowed by that IPR log type.

ips
Impulses (Interruptions) Per Second

IPTG
International Progress Tone Generator

IROSC
See handover IROSC.

IRR
Interrupt Request Register, part of the MCAP register.

IRT
Interrupt Response Task

IS-41
Intermediate Standard 41. Software which Motorola has developed which
provides translation between Motorola's proprietary DMX protocol and
the Electronic Industries Association or Telephony Industries
Association's standard inter-switch coordination messaging system
commonly referred to as IS-41.

ISB
Integrated Status Board.

ISCB
Integrated Status/Control Board.

ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. A digital network using common
switches and digital transmission paths to establish connections for
various services such as telephony, data telex, and facsimilie.

ISL
Inter-Switch Network Controller Link

ISO
International Organization of Standards. An international body
responsible for setting computer related standards.

ISR
Interrupt Status Register. Part of the MCAP register.

ISR
Interrupt Service Routine

ISRS
IS-41 Statistics Reports Subsystem.

ITSTR
International Test Tone Receiver

ISUP
ISDN User Part.

ISV
See In-Service.

IWF
InterWorking Function.

+---+
| J |
+---+

J1
Span line interface.

J-T.A.C.S
See Japanese Total Access Communications System.

Jack, Alarm and Maintenance Panel (JAM)
Monitors alarm and watchdog signals from the SNC for audible and visual
alarm indications. Provides site alarm inputs to the SNC for relaying
to the Host EMX (RSU applications) or to the maintenance terminal. The
JAM also provides connection facilities for test trunks and for an SMP
terminal.

Japanese Total Access Communications System (J-T.A.C.S.)
Japanese implementation of the Total Access Communications System. Also
see DYNA TAC and T.A.C.S.

JC7
A variant of C7 used in Japan. See SS7.

Jitter
Short-term variations of the bits of a digital signal from their ideal
positions in time.

Job Blocks
See Memory Block.

Job Memory Block
See Memory Block.

Job Status Tables
Includes:

* Busy or idle.
* Job memory block address.
* PID of process currently active.
* Next task to be run.
* Current status.
* Related timeout value.
* Task descriptor block (pointer to next task if job is aborted).

Journal
See Change Journal.

JT1
Span line interface between the CBSC and BTS, using LAPD control and
SCAP application layer. Carries PDC STRAU voice at 1.544 Mbps. Contains
24 64 Kbps timeslots. Each timeslot provides up to four 16 Kbps VSELP
encoded channels.

+---+
| K |
+---+

K
Kilo (1000).

KA
Keep Alive Board

kbaud
Same as kbps.

Kbps
Kilobits per second. A measure of communication link speed; rate is a
multiplier times thousands of bits per second.

KD
Keyboard Display

KDP
Keyboard Display Printer

Key Field
A field which is used to index records in a database. Records are
usually selected for display based on the key field(s).

KHz
Kilo-Hertz, a thousand hertz, or 1000 cycles per second.

Ki
Individual subscriber authentication key.

Killer Trunk
A feature that detects trunks that are always idle, busy, or short
holding times. It is identified by the system as a trunk that goes off
hook over five times in a 30 second period. When a killer trunk is
detected, an IPR is generated and routed to the system console
identifying the trunk number.

Kit
A logical collection of cards, power supplies, shelves, frames, etc.

KP
Key Pulse

KP
Keyboard Printer

KSH
Kornshell.

KSW Card
Kiloport Switch card. Part of the XC. Provides primary and subrate
switching between the MSI cards, XCDR cards, and GPROCs. Performs
primary switching of bits within the individual 64 Kbps channels
connected to the CBSC. Performs grooming, separation of control and
traffic information, and subrate switching of 16 Kbps channels to
provide efficient packing on the 1.544 Mbps HWY to the BTS.

KSWX Card
Kiloport Switch Extender card. Part of the XC. Transmits TDM bus
information and GCLK reference pulses in the XC shelves. Three
operating modes exist for the card: local (KSWXL), remote (KSWXR) and
expansion (KSWXE), depending upon the particular slot of the XC shelf.

+---+
| L |
+---+

L-
Refers to a land-originated call attempt that could not be completed;
the terminating party is indeterminable.

L-M
Refers to a land-to-mobile call.

L1, L2, or L3
See layer 1, 2, or 3.

LAC
Location Area Code.

LAN
Local Area Network

LAN
Local Area Network (CCITT No. 7)

LAN Router
Interconnects the XC and MM. Interconnects the Ethernet compatible LAN
interface on the MM with the token ring LAN interface on the XC.
BTS-to-MM signaling is routed over this interface, as well as control
messages from the MM to the XC. The DSU and router reside in a common
rack.

Land Call Messages
Standard formatted messages into which line signaling has been
converted by EMX call processing software.

Land Exchange Error
Indicates that it is impossible to seize a trunk to a land office. In
some features, such as EMX origination, no response from land, the
Switch Control Unit (SCU) will retry seizure before informing call
processing. Some of the failures detected are:

* EMX originates, land office does not respond;
* EMX originates, land office responds, but does not return
clear-to-send;
* Land office disconnects during EMX digit sending.

Land Origination
The initiation of a telephone call by a land subscriber.

Land Signaling
In IMTS systems, standard telephony signaling protocol which is used to
communicate between the EMX and telephone company Central Office.

Land Station
In DYNA TAC systems, a station in the Domestic Public Cellular Radio
telecommunications Service, other than a mobile station, used for radio
communications with mobile stations.

Land Termination
A telephone call that is routed to a land subscriber rather than a
mobile subscriber as a result of dialed digit analysis.

Landline Network
The landline network is the communications structure that is generally
associated with the fixed telephone system.

Language
The set of symbols, rules, and conventions used to convey information,
either at the human level or the computer level.

LANI
Local Area Network Interface (CCITT No. 7)

LANX Card LAN Extender card
Part of the XC. Allows extending the LAN to multiple shelves.

LAPB
Link Access Protocol Balanced. The OSI level 2 protocol used in DMX
communications.

LAPD
Link Access Protocol 'D'. A protocol for data-link access. May be used
to support Layer 2 signaling links on the A+ interface.

LAPDM
Link Access Protocol for Digital Mobile channels.

Large Scale Integration (LSI)
Integrated circuit technology in the size domain of thousands to tens
of thousands of active devices per circuit. Includes 8-bit
microcomputer and 4k to 16k memory.

Last Known Area (LKA)
The cell from which the EMX last communicated with the mobile.

LASTCHA
In DYNA TAC systems, the number of the last control channel used for
accessing a system. See Numeric Information.

LASTCHP
In DYNA TAC systems, the number of the last control channel used for
paging mobile stations. See Numeric Information.

Last Known Area (LKA)
The cell or paging area from which the EMX last communicated with the
mobile. Stored automatically in the subscriber record.

LATA
Local Access and Transportation Area

Layer
A segment of the OSI reference model for ISO. Includes seven layers.

Layer 1
The Physical Layer in the OSI release model. For the radio link,
responsible for transmitting a bit stream over a physical communication
channel. Consists of RF channels and TDM/TDMA traffic and control
channel structures.

Layer 2
For a radio link, the LAPDM Data Link Layer. Provides data
transmissions of layer 3 information across the physical link.

Layer 3
For a BSS, the Network Layer. Supports the transfer of information
needed to set up calls, clear calls, register and locate mobiles, and
handoff mobiles during a call. Consists of Radio Transmission
management, Mobility Manager and Call Control entities.

LBT
Line Busy Tone (also slow busy).

LCD
Liquid Crystal Display. The technology used in the display area on some
of the latest mobile units.

LCKDFT
Locked By Default.

LCKFEAT
Locked by Feature.

LCKMOB
Locked Mobile.

LCI Card
LPA Controller Interface card. Processor card located in each LPA
shelf. Controls all functions of the LPA. It provides the
communications link between the LPA and the RF Modem, monitors alarm
status, and controls the pilot tone module.

LCR
See Least-Cost Routing.

LCRINX
For "Least Cost Routing Index"; a table used in the Outward Translation
process to implement Least Cost Routing.

LD
LD Series of Base Station Products

Least-Cost Routing (LCR)
A feature of the switching equipment that allows completion of a call
over several different routes. The list of routes is determined by the
called number and the user identity. The routes are listed in the
preferred (and least-cost) order. The switching system will attempt to
place the call over the first (least expensive) route and proceed to
the other routes if the first is not available. The list of routes is
changeable by the time of day. By always attempting to place the call
over the most desirable route, the goal of least-cost routing is
realized.

Least Significant Bit
The bit at the extreme right of a binary number which transmits the
least amount of information.

LED
Light Emitting Diode

LID
Local Identification

LIFO
Last-in-first-out. Also known as a stack. Also, a hardware buffer used
in interprocessor message transmission.

Line
A telephone circuit from the Central Office to the subscriber's
telephone.

Line Busy Tone
The audible signal returned when the called number is in-service. Also
called slow busy (60 ipm).

Line Number
Least significant digits of a telephone number. In North America, the
last four digits. Also known as a station number.

Line Signaling
Transitions in E&M signaling.

Line Trunk Manager (LTM)
Off-loads the call processing communication bus and acts as a
communications buffer between the Line Trunk Processor and the Call
Processing Manager. It controls processing status and flow of a call
through the switch. During a call, it maintains call blocks associated
with each circuit and collects the CDR record per call. LTMs are
designated for both land and mobile trunks.

Line Trunk Processor (LTP)
Consists of a simplex MP processor and is a slave to the Line Trunk
Manager. The LTP performs the following functions: Allocates and idles
trunk circuits as directed by the Line Trunk Manager; scans trunks for
supervision changes; performs incoming and outgoing signaling protocols
as directed by the Call Processing Manager; performs rotary digit
collection; performs rotary digit outpulsing; performs digit collection
based on the numbering plan and the dial number type. (This includes
the authorization code, dialed number, account code, and miscellaneous
dialed digits from intermachine trunks.) Collects maintenance dialing
patterns; performs busy guard timing as required; performs trunk slave
processing as required; reports trunk circuit errors to the maintenance
interface reporting routines; collects TMM data for specific trunk
circuits as directed by the Admin Manager; detects dial tone as
required; detects a predefined DTMF digit as required; controls
signaling; monitors supervision; and aids in the testing of up to 128
analog trunk circuits or 192 digital trunk circuits. A single LTP
cannot service a combination of analog and digital trunk circuits.

Line/Trunk Subsystem
Consists of the Line Trunk Processor, Line/Trunk Port Interface boards,
and Pulse Code Modulation Interface (PCMI) boards. It interfaces the
EMX 2500 to the evolving telecommunications network.

Link
A data connection between the EMX and one or more base site controllers
(BSC). On the EMX side, the link connects to a Base Site Link
Controller (BSLK). One the BSC side, a Drop tapped off the link
connects to the CSC (LD, HD II cells) or MSCP (HD cells). Also see
Drop, Cellular Network Link.

Link
Carries A+ messages between the MSC and BSS. Signaling links use LAPD
or LAPB link access procedures.

Linkset
Comprised of a number of signaling links.

LKA
See Last Known Area.

LKE
Last Known EMX.

LMF
See Local Maintenance Facility.

LO
Local Oscillator.

Load
A procedural modifier for a telephony state. Indicates the physical
device is being downloaded.

Load
To place data into internal storage; this term generally refers to the
process of transferring computer instructions and data from a permanent
storage device, such as tape or disk, to the Central Processing Unit
(CPU) internal memory, such as Random Access Memory (RAM).

Load Card (LC)
A card used in EMX system card cages which provide a resistive load for
a power supply allowing the power supply to be adjusted without circuit
cards being plugged in the cage.

Loaded
Status of a Processor Card (PROC). Indicates the PROC has all its code
loaded, but hasn't finished initialization.

Loading
Status of a Processor Card (PROC). Indicates the processor is being
loaded by its mate processor. The Standby Processor Load (SPL) puts the
PROC in this state.

Load Point
Starting point of a reel of tape which is indicated by a physical
marker or metallic tape.

Load Sharing Processor
A type of redundancy between a redundant processor pair in which the
throughput load is shared via alternating message receiving.

Load Sharing Power Supply-1 (LSPS-1) Board
Used to regulate +5.0 volts at the bus while forcing the two power
supplies connected to the bus to load share within 15.0 amps of each
other.

Load Splitting Processor
A type of redundancy between a redundant processor pair in which
discrete resources are assigned and managed by one or the other
processor of the pair. In the case of a processor outage, the resources
are controlled by the processor with the outage are assigned and
managed by its mate.

Local Access and Transportation Area (LATA)
In the United States, the area in which calls can be delivered by a
local telephone company without need for an "equal-access"
long-distance carrier.

Local Frame Alarm (LFALM)
An alarm indicating that the VGI is in an out-of-sync condition with
respect to incoming bipolar bit stream.

Local ID (LID)
The local ID contains the job number concatenated with a number
identifying the particular EMX in which the job runs, the identifying
number being zero for single EMX systems.

Local Maintenance Facility (LMF)
A portable computer with RS232, Ethernet LAN and Centronix (printer)
interfaces. Allows on-site access to the BTS, CBSC and OMC-R,
performing high level functions. Can emulate a terminal, connecting to
the CBSC, OMC-R or other MMI-type platform.

Local Multiframe Alarm (LMFALM)
Similar to local frame alarm for multiframe.

Local Subscriber File
In subscriber recent change (SIM) this file stores information on each
subscriber in the local EMX. It contains permanent data which describe
the type of service the user is to receive, and stores information used
for processing special features, such as call forwarding and no answer
transfer.

Log Type
IPRs are classified by log type, then log number within the log type.
The log types are administration (ADMIN); automatic message accounting
(AMA); audit (AUDIT); call processing (CALL); data communications
(COMM); configuration (CONFIG); control (CONTROL); maintenance (MAINT);
cellular subsystem (MCON); miscellaneous alarms (MISC); switch matrix
(NETWOR); operating system (OPSYS); cell site (REMOTE); service
circuits (SVCKTS); and possibly others. Also see Information and
Problem Reporting.

Logical Route 1
In the Translation process, a key which identifies a particular world
number.

Logical Route 2
In the Translation process, a key which identifies a particular
physical route or carrier route, based on the Logical Route 1, plus
TCOS and Source Group.

Loop
A network configuration defining interconnections between the XC and
BTS, where a single 1.544 Mbps HWY connects multiple BTSs to the CBSC
in a closed loop. Offers reduced cost by sharing use of the 1.544 Mbps
HWY among cells with fewer traffic channels, and being closed, a
redundant path is created which prevents a single BTS failure from
affecting others. An interconnection or interface failure still affects
other interconnections on the chain. Contrast to star and daisy chain
configurations.

LOOP A/B Test Lines
Looparound test line which uses two trunk circuits, each accessible via
a dialed number.

Loop Control
The closed circuit formed by electronic equipment, such as a base
station and a cable pair or other wires that connect it to the exchange
equipment.

Loss-of-Audio
In IMTS systems, condition in the mobile equipment of other portions of
the system that result only in a loss of audio. The channel carrier
might remain on the air, preventing disconnect and making the channel
unavailable. If desired, the channel seizure and trunk connection may
be cleared if no audio appears on the circuit within a predetermined
length of time. Also known as Speech Loss.

LPA
Linear Power Amplifier. A high-gain, high-power multiple carrier
amplifier that also serves as a transmitter combiner. The amplifier is
linear, allowing it to uniformly amplify RF signals across a required
frequency range in a variety of modulation formats, without the need to
manually tune fixed (frequency) combiners.

LPA Cabinet
Linear Power Amplifier cabinet. Part of the BTS. Supports multiple
carriers. Combines XCVR TX outputs with carriers, amplifies them, and
routes them to the SIF. Contains up to three LPA shelves.

LPAM
LPA Module.

LPA Module
Linear Power Amplifier module. Part of LPA shelf.

LPA Shelf
Linear Power Amplifier shelf. Located in the LPA cabinet. Uses a
multitone LPA, which amplifies several carriers simultaneously with low
distortion and minimal IM products. Typically one LPA shelf required
per sector. Contains the LCI, pilot tone module, various staged
amplifiers (pre-error, error, driver and final amplifier modules), and
alarm interface. Includes redundancy and fault management. Faults are
reported to the network via the RF Modem GLI card.

LPAF
Linear Power Amplifier Frame.

LPB
Lightning Protection Board

LPBACK Testline
A two-way loopback test line.

LPM
Line Processor Module. A hardware component (board) located in the
Tandem ST-2000.

LPSC
Low Power Self Contained.

LPU Bay
Local Area Network Peripheral Unit Bay

LR
Location Register. (also see HLR and VLR).

LSB
Least Significant Bit

LSI
Large Scale Integration

LSPS-1
Board See Load Sharing Power Supply-1 Board.

LTE
Lightwave Termination Equipment.

LTM
See Line Trunk Manager.

LTMS
Laboratory Test-Oriented Mobile Station. A mobile emulation system for
lab and field testing of the air interface in a PDC system. Comprised
of a Compaq PC with coprocessor, RIM, antennas and handset.

LTP
See Line Trunk Processor.

LU
Logical Unit (see SU)

+---+
| M |
+---+

M
1) A designation referring to digital multiplex equipment used to
combine lower bit rate digital signals into higher bit rate signals in
the digital system hierarchy. For example, M12 denotes a digital
multiplexer combining DS1 signals into DS2 signals. 2) Mega
(1,000,000).

M-
Refers to a mobile-originated call attempt that could not be completed;
the terminating party is indeterminable.

M-L
Refers to a mobile-to-land call.

M&A Time Base Subsystem
Consists of the Maintenance and Administration Processors and their
associated system interfaces. Functions controlled by this processor
subsystem include time base subsystem, teletype/CRT device controllers,
data link interfaces, alarm monitoring module, and the administration
disk drives.

M20
Japanese implementation of CCITT No. 7.

Magnetic Tape Controller-1 (MTC-1) Board
Provides the interface between the Administrative Manager MPs and a
PERTEC compatible magnetic tape drive with imbedded micro formatter.
The MTC-1 arbitrates contention for the drives and memory maps all
commands and status transferred to the MP boards and tape drives.

MAHO
Mobile Assisted Handover. A MS assists in the handover process by
measuring downlink RSSI of neighboring perch channels, either at
intervals or upon demand. It reports the results to the source BTS.

Main Distribution Frame (MDF)
The physical location in a Central Office for the electrical
connections to/from other offices and/or outside plant.

MAINT
Teleprinter operating mode which allows the operator to change the
service states of EMX hardware and reload the standby processor from
the active processor.

MAINT
IPR log type for maintenance IPRs.

Maintenance and Status Unit (MSU)
The card cage that contains the hardware and operating software used to
indicate system status and alarms. This equipment interfaces the alarm
and status panel with the maintenance teleprinter.

Maintenance Command Interpreter Commands (MCI)
Teleprinter commands used to PUT or FORCE any EMX device into a
particular service state.

Maintenance Control Center (MCC)
Contains the CAMP terminal, hard copy printer, manual test position,
and 101-type test line.

Maintenance Processor (MPROC)
One of the two microprocessor cards in the Maintenance and Status Unit
(MSU) which controls the interface between the Data Base Processor
(DBP) and the Alarm and Status Panels (ASP).

Maintenance Subsystem
The group of maintenance subsystems in the EMX 2500 which includes IPL,
CONFIG, Testing, Constant Monitoring, and FISO. It is the common
interface for a centralized collection point of external alarm
conditions.

Maintenance Teleprinter
Teleprinter used by the operator to monitor and change the states of
EMX hardware devices.

Maintenance Test Frame (MTF)
Consists of the Transmission Measurement Set (Hekimian 3900 Test
System), Digital Channel Access Test Set (Sierra), and Trunk Test Set
(Bery 314A). It tests digital line/trunk interface circuits and
accommodates manual, remote, and automatic circuit testing.

Maintenance Trunk Data Base
Maintains the equipped status of a trunk with respect to the
Maintenance Processor.

Maintenance Trunk Group Testlines Data Base
Contains the digits that will be outpulsed to reach the specified test
line trunk group.

Major Outage
The class of outage that affects service to a moderate number of
circuits originating or terminating on the EMX 2500 system. This is
less than 25% of the originating and/or terminating circuits cannot
complete a call or less than 25% of the originating and/or terminating
calls are mishandled. Also see Catastrophic Outage, Minor Outage.

Make-Break
The ratio between the open and closed time of contacts used for dial
pulsing.

MAMA
See Mobile Automatic Message Accounting.

Manual Mobile Telephone Service (MTS)
Outdated mobile telephone service requiring manual channel selection
and operator call processing with dedicated equipment.

Manual Operation (Processor Reset)
The PROM monitor begins execution when the processor board is
electrically reset by either the higher-level master processor or by
the on-board reset switch or by reapplying power to the board.

Manual Trunk Test Subsystem
Interfaces with call processing to set up various test connections, and
manages test equipment resources.

Marked Subscriber
Used to indicate a subscriber who is expected to remain a subscriber
only for a short time; billing records are to be generated immediately.
Requires a purchasable Special Product. Also see Tagged Subscriber.

Marked Traffic Channel
In Nordic systems, a traffic channel that is available primarily for
calls from mobile stations.

MAS
Mobile Activity Status. A service that provides the mobiles current
activity status (e.g. Registered Busy, Registered Idle, and
De-registered).

Maskable Interrupt
An interrupt to a microprocessor which can be masked by software
processes. Has a lower priority than a non-maskable interrupt.

Master File
A file which contains all records relating to a particular handoff
switch-pair. One master file exists for each switch pair. Master files
are created by the Handoff Configuration server.

Master Site Control Processor (MSCP)
In the Motorola HD series base station, SCPs that are connected to the
EMX directly via data links are considered "Master SCPs" (MSCPs). These
SCPs have control over channel allocation for up to six subordinate
SCPs. Additionally, this MSCP is in control of the active SIG processor
to provide the most efficient route for paging traffic bound for that
processor. In a typical multiple SCP configuration, two MSCPs would be
connected to the EMX to provide redundancy. Only one of these MSCPs is
actively assigning channels and controlling paging. It is designated
the "active master." The other MSCP performs much the same as
subordinate SCPs that are not directly connected and is called the
standby master. It is ready to take over the master functions in the
event of failure of the active master or when a command is initiated.
In summary, an SCP is considered a "master" if it has a data link
attached to it. Only two MSCPs are allowed in each HD cell and are the
first specified with data link connections.

Master SCP
In multiple configurations, SCPs that are connected to the EMX directly
via data links are considered "Master SCPs." These SCPs have control
over channel allocation for up to seven subordinate SCPs. Additionally,
this SCP is in control of the active SIG processor to provide the most
efficient route for paging traffic bound for that processor. In a
typical multiple SCP configuration, two SCPs would be connected to the
EMX to provide redundancy. Only one of these SCPs is actively assigning
channels and controlling paging. It is designated the "active master".
The other SCP connected to the EMX performs much the same as
subordinate SCPs that are not directly connected and is called the
standby master. It is ready to take over the master functions in the
event of failure of the active master or when a command is initiated.
In summary, an SCP is considered a "master" if it has a data link
attached to it. Only two master SCPs are allowed in each cell and are
the first specified with data link connections.

Mate Cell
In a Composite Cell, term used to refer to the other cell in the
composite cell pair. Also see Composite Cell.

Matrix Clocks
The 2.048 MHz clocks in the matrix cables between the SMI and PCMI are
referred to as inbound matrix clocks and the outbound matrix clocks.
The outbound matrix clocks are sourced on the SMI. The inbound matrix
clocks are sourced on the PCMI.

Matrix Control Bus (MCB)
Provides the control path between the SMP and the CBI.

Matrix Frame Sync
These signals are associated with the matrix clocks and are distributed
in the matrix cables. The outbound matrix frame sync signals are
sourced on the SMI; the inbound matrix frame sync signals are sourced
on the PCMI.

Matrix Highways
Inbound matrix highways are 32-channel, serial transmission lines that
transmit switch data from the PCMI to the SMI; outbound matrix highways
are corresponding transmission lines that transmit switch data from the
SMI to the PCMI.

Matrix Inbound Group
Consists of the SMI, and the set of eight PCMIs connected to the SMI.

Matrix Inbound Subgroup
The PCMI associated with the matrix inbound group.
Matrix Manager
MP-6 processor which provides the interface between the matrix
subsystem and the rest of the common control complex.

Matrix Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base stations to selectively gate the signals from
the mixer modules for the two strongest sectors to the voice i-f module
for each channel under control of the BSC.

Matrix MUX Test
Provided in the matrix processor using call processing software. The
test provides a MUX card integrity test, which includes a card present
test and a control memory read-after-write test.

Matrix Outbound Group
Consists of the Stage, SMI, and the set of eight PCMIs connected to the
SMI.

Matrix Outbound Subgroup
The PCMI associated with the matrix outbound group.

Matrix Subsystem
A subsystem of the EMX 2500 which handles all path connections between
trunks and service circuits.

Matrix Timing Buses
Outbound matrix timing buses consist of an outbound matrix clock and an
outbound matrix frame sync signal; inbound matrix timing buses consist
of an inbound matrix clock and an inbound matrix frame sync signal.

Matrix Tone Generator
A matrix hardware board that generates tones for generation of call
treatments, etc.

Matrix TSI Test
Provided in the matrix processor using call processing software. The
test performs a TSI card integrity test which includes a card present
test and a control memory read-after-write test.

MAU
Medium Attachment Unit. Used to attached computer nodes to a network.

MAX
Maximum

MAXBUSY
The maximum number of busy occurrences allowed on a reverse control
channel. See Numeric Information.

MAXSZTR
The maximum number of seizure attempts allowed on a reverse control
channel. See Numeric Information.

Mbps
Megabits per second. A data transfer rate equivalent to 210 (1,024)
kbps or 220 (1,048,576) bps.

Maximum Busy (MAXBUSY)
In DYNA TAC systems, the maximum number of busy occurrences allowed on
a reverse control channel. See Numeric Information.

Maximal-Ratio Combining
A method of combining two received signals so that the amount
contributed by each is proportional to its signal strength. See
Diversity.

MAXSZTR
In DYNA TAC systems, the maximum number of seizure attempts allowed on
a reverse control channel. See Numeric Information.

MC
Message Center. A component of the MCMC which provides connection
between the VRU/VMB, the DMX network and the User Interface
(terminals). The MC maintains databases and distributes pages to the
cellular system.

MC configurations
see Type I, Type II, Type III.

MCAP Bus
Motorola Cellular Advanced Processor bus. Used for communications
between GPROCs and peripheral cards, and for alarms and control
information within the XC shelf.

MCB
See Matrix Control Bus.

MCC
See Maintenance Control Center.

MCCIS
Motorola Common Channel Interoffice Signaling

MCD
Multi-Cell Download.

MCG
Motorola Computer Group. The group within Motorola which provides the
MC hardware and operating system software.

MCI
Maintenance Command Interpreter

MCI
Mobile Communications Interface

MCI Messages
In Nordic systems, messages that are sent between one mobile
communications interface unit and another. Some of these messages are
Nordic Signaling Technique (NST) messages.

MCM
See Mobile Control Manager.

MCMC
Motorola Cellular Message Center. The product consists of a Message
Center and a Voice Response Unit/ internal Voice Mail Bank.

MCMC group
A call group is a predefined list of up to 30 MCMC subscribers.

MCMC subscriber
A cellular subscriber with an NAMPS subscriber unit and MCMC services.
Type I or II MCMC subscriber could have the no-answer transfer, busy
transfer, or call forwarding switch features. The MCMC subscriber may
also be reached by direct dial. Accounting records log the subscriber's
service.

MCMC user
An individual, such as a caller, who accesses Digital Message Service
features by leaving a message for a MCMC subscriber via call forwarding
to the MCMC, direct dialing the MCMC, or user interface via modem.

MCON
IPR log type for cellular subsystem IPRs.

MCU
Micro-Computer Unit. Located on the XCDR. Performs configuration and
housekeeping functions.

MDF
Main Distribution Frame

MDHW
Multiple Device Hardware troubleshooting procedure.

MDM
RF Modem Cabinet.

MDMP
Modem Power

MDS
See MIDAS.

Medium Scale Integration (MSI)
Functional circuitry consisting of 12 or more gates which form a
complete functional operating unit such as a decoder, counter, or
multiplexer.

Memory Block(s)
Also referred to as job memory block. Variable size segment of
scratchpad memory normally located on the same data page that is
assigned to a particular task. The memory block (job block) is held for
the duration of that job's lifetime.

Memory Management
Subprocess of the EXEC process that includes memory initialization
allocation of memory to application programs and repooling of memory.

Memory Mapping Unit (MMU)
A circuit on the Processor Card (PROC) used to extend memory addressing
capabilities and control access to Random Access Memory (RAM). The
Memory Mapping Unit (MMP) allows the programmer to access many logical
memory pages by translating logic addresses into physical memory
addresses. See Memory Page.

Memory Page
1) Logical: A 64k unit of memory as referenced by software. The Memory
Mapping Unit (MMU) on the Processor (PROC) extends the memory by
dividing the pages and providing access to separate pages for programs
(code pages) and data (data pages). 2) Physical: The smallest physical
unit of memory (8k) handled by the MMU. The MMU configures each 64k
logical page (see above) from eight 8k physical pages.

Menu
A list of requestable items, in this case, prompts for inputs.

Menu Level
Groups of menu prompts which perform similar functions.

Message
1) Data required for one process to communicate with another. Messages
provide process synchronization while allowing concurrent process
execution. 2) The standard means by which communication between
different tasks and processes in the EMX is performed.

Message Area
In the Japanese telephone network, a geographic area of arbitrary size,
used to identify a telephone's location. Calls between message areas
more than 160 kilometers apart are billed at a higher rate than other
calls.

Message Area Index
A 2- to 6-digit code identifying a particular Message Area.

Message Area Screening
For J-T.A.C.S. systems, a method of assuring that calls involving
mobile terminations are either less than or greater than 160 kilometers
in distance, consistent with a prefix used to dial the mobile
telephone. The prefix is necessary because the land switch has no other
means of knowing the distance involved. The mobile switch must
guarantee that calls do not succeed unless the prefix and distance
agree.

Message Analyzer
An executive task which routes messages to interprocessor link queues
or application programs. It initiates new jobs, schedules tasks, and
performs state changes for executing jobs in response to input
messages. See Message.

Message Buffer
Variable size segment of common memory allocated by the EXEC process to
provide memory space for use by application programs. Eight size ranges
are used which contain the following types of information. (See also
Formatted Messages.)

* Message type.
* Process ID of the destination program.
* Local ID of the destination program.
* Process ID of the originating program.
* Local ID of the originating program.
* Process ID of destination program if message is sent via relay process.
* Application program data area.

Message Routing
The action taken by the EXEC upon receipt of a formatted message.
Routing data is contained in the first part of each message (see also
Routing Data).

MF
1) Multifrequency. 2) RF Modem Frame.

MF Transmitter-1 (MFTX-1) Board
Produce both CCITT (two-out-of-six) multifrequency and pushbutton (4 by
4) dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) pulsing frequencies for trunk
signaling.

MFC
Multi-Frequency Compelled (Signaling System)

MFC-R2
Multi-Frequency Compelled, CCITT Recommendation 2

MFC-R2 Backward Receiver
A board which detects the backward signaling tones of the compelled
multifrequency R2 signaling discipline.

MFC-R2 Forward Receiver
A board which detects the forward signaling tones of the compelled
multifrequency R2 signaling discipline.

MFC-R2 Generator
A board which produces the tones used in compelled multifrequency R2
tone signaling.

MFG
Multifrequency Generator

MFJ
Modification of Final Judgement.

MFR
Multifrequency Receiver

MFTX
Multifrequency Transmitter.

MFTX-1 Board
See Multifrequency Transmitter or MF Transmitter-1 Board.

MGLI Card
Master Group Line Interface card.

MHOT
Mobile Handoff Order Timer

MHz
Mega-Hertz (106). A unit of frequency equal to 1 million hertz.

MIB
Management Information Base. Accessed by OMC-R MMI processor over
X-terminals using remote communication protocol.

Microcomputing Unit (MCU)
A single integrated circuit containing the features of a MPU, plus all
of the necessary ingredients (variable storage, timing, and
programming) to be a self-supporting processing unit. Often times this
term is used to describe a complete microprocessing system.

Microprocessing Unit (MPU)
An integrated circuit capable processing data presented to it using its
instruction set, arithmetic logic unit, and registers; but relies upon
external devices for variable storage, timing, and programming.

Microprocessor Board (MP-x)
Complete 16-bit Z8001-based microcomputer on a board that features full
EMX 2500 system bus compatibility. Board names indicate the amount of
Random Access Memory and clock speed. The various board names and
configurations are as seen in Table 1.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Type RAM Speed (MHz)

MP-2 256 kB 4

MP-3 512 kB

MP-4 1 MB

MP-6/2 256 kB 6

MP-6/3 512 kB

MP-6/4 1 MB

MP-6/6 2 MB

MP-8/4 1 MB 8

MP-8/6 2 MB

MP-10/4 4 MB 10

MP-10/8 8 MB

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

MID
1). Mobile Identification. 2). Message Identification.

MIDAS
A Tandem program to monitor operations and diagnose hardware problems.

MIN
Mobile Identification Number
(MIN2 + MIN1)

MIN1
In DYNA TAC systems, the 24-bit number which corresponds to the 7-digit
directory telephone number (Exchange Code + Station Number) assigned to
a mobile station. See Numeric Information and Mobile Identification
Number.

MIN2
In DYNA TAC systems, the 10-bit number which corresponds to the 3-digit
numbering plan area (NPA) designation assigned to a mobile station. See
Numeric Information and Mobile Identification Number.

MIO Card Matrix I/O card
Located in the Transceiver or CCP shelves of the RF Modem. Connects RX
and TX signals between the XCVRs and the appropriate sector LPAs.
Receives TX signals from the TX Matrix card. Performs 2:1 combining per
sector of the TX inputs from two sub-shelves and routes the single
output to the TX Combiner card. Receives RX signals from the
Preselector I/O card and splits each input two ways. Routes outputs to
the RX Matrix card.

Minor Outage
The class out outage that affects service to a small number of circuits
originating or terminating on the EMX 2500 system. Minor outages
include: less than 10% of the originating and/or terminating circuits
cannot complete a call; less than 20% of the originating calls
encountering switch congestion, and less than 3% of the originating
and/or terminating calls are mishandled. This includes premature
disconnects or wrong numbers. Also see Catastrophic Outage, Major
Outage.

MISC
IPR log type for miscellaneous IPRs.

Miscellaneous Alarms
These alarms are used to inform of unique site-dependent conditions
which require monitoring. These conditions may or may not affect the
performance of the switching system. Conditions affecting system
performance will be classified as internal, those which do not as
external. Miscellaneous alarms are detected by the Alarm Mux. Internal
miscellaneous alarms include power plant rectifier failures, blown
fuses and breakers, and T1 carrier channel group alarms.

MLSE
Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimator.

MM
Mobility Manager. Part of the CBSC. Provides the radio management
function for the SC 9600 RF equipment. Control functions include
configuration management, fault management, event management,
performance management, security management, call handling and handover
processing, and radio channel control (call setup, supervision,
handover and teardown). The MM coordinates with the OMC-R but operates
independently from it. Comprised of a processor and I/O cage.

M-M
Mobile-to-Mobile Call

MMI
(1) Man/machine interface. Digital command structures and formats. A
program/command executed from a CAMP terminal to update or display
database information. (2) The Man/Machine Interface Subsystem of the
switch which accepts, parses, and dispatches all operator commands.

MMI Processor
Serves as the user interface for the OMC-R, providing a GUI and CLI.
Also generates performance reports from information stored in the
processor.

MMU
(1) Memory Management Unit. (2) Memory Mapping Unit.

MNL
Multinode Loader

Mobile
A vehicular radiotelephone.

Mobile Acknowledge Timeout
Message caused by failure of a mobile to acknowledge a page.

Mobile Attenuation
The power of DYNA TAC mobile can be adjusted (or attenuated) to one of
seven discrete power levels. This is done so that when a mobile comes
closer to a base receiver its power is reduced to prevent the chance of
interfering with other mobiles operating on the same voice channel in
another cell. Additionally, this is of even more importance to portable
units in that it keeps the transmit power at a minimum to increase the
usage time before the batteries expire. See Mobile Attenuation Value.

Mobile Attenuation Value
The mobile attenuation table is used for initially estimating what
power level to give a mobile when it is first assigned a voice channel
in a cell. The following describes how this works:

* A mobile accesses the signaling channel indicating an origination
attempt. In addition to all of the mobile origination data (MIN1, MIN2,
dialed digits) the signaling processor also gets a power reading on the
mobile (the mobile broadcasts on the signaling channel at full power).
* The BSC takes the received power level and starts comparing it with
power levels in the mobile attenuation table to try to determine how
much the mobile power should be reduced when it is given the voice
channel assignment.
* If, for example, the received mobile power level were 85, the mobile
power would not be reduced at all when given a channel assignment since
its power was less than MA1. If its power level were 0D8, it would be
assigned the channel, and the power attenuated five steps because 0D8
is greater than MA5.

Mobile Automatic Message Accounting (MAMA)
Includes the call processing functions gathered during a call to
produce a single format ticketing record.

Mobile Call Messages
Standard formatted messages (i.e., ANI, dialing digits, timeouts,
paging, etc.) into which mobile signaling has been converted.

Mobile Control Manager (MCM)
The dominant processor in the processor hierarchy of the Cellular
Processing System. Controls the overall cellular applications and acts
as an interface between the cellular subsystem and other EMX 2500
subsystems. Responsible for issuing pages to the mobile units and for
conditioning handoffs.

Mobile Communications Interface (MCI)
The subsystem in Nordic systems that controls the signaling to/from
base stations and mobile subscribers.

Mobile Coverage Area
Geographical area within which two-way radio service may reasonably be
expected between a base station and associated mobile units.

Mobile Disconnection Messages
Disconnection messages indicate termination of a call due to on-hook
condition, device failure, or other state that generates a message to
terminate a call.

Mobile-ID
1) Mobile subscriber's identification code; same as ANI. 2) EMX
internal identification of a subscriber. It is a maximum of seven
digits in length.

Mobile Identification Number (MIN)
In DYNA TAC systems, the 34-bit number which is a digital
representation of the 10-digit directory telephone number assigned to a
mobile station. This number is made up of MIN2 (10-bit) and MIN1
(24-bit). See also MIN1 and MIN2.

Mobile Origination
The initiation of a telephone call by a mobile or portable subscriber.

Mobile Origination Messages
Origination messages generated by an off-hook line signal which cause
call processing programs to be activated.

Mobile/Land Origination Messages
Messages generated by an off-hook line signal which will cause
processing programs to become activated.

Mobile Service Area (MSA)
Geographical area providing two-way radio service for a given locale.
Name based on rate center considerations.

Mobile Serving Central Office (MSCO)
TELCO Central Office associated with the Mobile Service Area.

Mobile Station
A station in the Domestic Public Cellular Radio Telecommunications
Service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at
unspecified points.

Mobile Termination
A telephone call that is routed to a mobile subscriber as a result of
dialed digit analysis. See Land Termination.

Mode Combination Descriptor Table
A multi-linked table used to determine the legality of a teleprinter
command. Comprised of all legal combinations of passwords, channel
numbers, command names, and operating modes.

Modem
A contraction of modulator-demodulator, a piece or unit of equipment
that connects data terminal equipment to a communication line.

MONTR
Monitor

MOS
Manual or maintenance out-of-service devices are under control of the
operator and are not available to normal system processing.

MOV
Metal Oxide Varistor.

MP-2
See Microprocessor Board.

MP-3
See Microprocessor Board.

MP-4
See Microprocessor Board.

MP-6
See Microprocessor Board.

MPB
Master NMI Process Buffer.

MPI
Matrix Port Interface.

MPI
Multiple Port Interface Board

MPL
Master NVI Process List.

MPROC
Maintenance Processor Card

MPT
See Maintenance Processor.

MPU
Microprocessing Unit

MPWR
MSU Power

MR
Message Receiver Process.

MR User
An originator of CDMS services that result in a page being sent to the
mobile.

MRA
Material Return Authorization number. An identification number assigned
by Motorola Warranty Services which must accompany any board returned
for repair or replacement.

MRKS
Marked Subscriber.

MS
Mobile Station. A subscriber handset, either mobile or portable, or
other subscriber equipment, such as facsimile machines, etc.

MSA
Mobile Service Area

MSB
Most Significant Bit

MSC (Mobile Switching Center)
A cellular telephone switching system manufactured by a vendor other
than Motorola.

MSCO
Mobile Serving Central Office

MSCP
Master Site Control Processor

MSCSPAN
MSC Span.

msec
Millisecond(s)

MSG
Mobile Signaling Tone Generator Card

MSI
Mobile Station Identifier. A paging reference number; may indicate the
location of the MS within the network.
MSI card

Multiple Span Line Interface card which supports 2.048 Mbps span lines.

MSI-2 card
See MSIP card.

MSID
Multiple Serial Interface Device.

MSIP card
Multiple Span Line Interface Processor card. Part of the XC. Provides
line termination and network interface for the CBSC interfaces to the
MSC and BTS, including necessary clock recovery, elastic buffer, jitter
attenuation, test access and network alarm generation and detection.
The MSIP card supports two span interfaces, which can be 2.048 Mbps or
1.544 Mbps.

MSN (Mobile Serial Number) A unique electronic serial number assigned to a mobile subscriber's
equipment.

MSU
Maintenance and Status Unit

MTBF
Mean-Time-Between-Failure

MT
Mobile Termination.

MTC
Magnetic Tape Controller.

MTC-1 Board
See Magnetic Tape Controller-1 Board.

MTF
See Maintenance Test Frame.

MTFX
See Multifrequency Transmitter Board.

MTI
Multiple Terminal Interface

MTI/TTY Channels
Circuit path connection for Multiple Terminal Interfaces (MTIs) and
teleprinters. Teleprinters are connected to the EMX via MTI boards
located in the Data Base Processor (DBP) node.

MTP
Message Transfer Part. The lower three levels of the SS7 standard
architecture; used to transport the BSS Application Part (BSSAP).

MTS
1. Manual Mobile Telephone Service. 2. Message Transfer System. The
message delivery system used in TTDs SCP Node software.

MTSO
Mobile Telephone Switch Office

MTTR
Mean Time to Repair.

Mu-Law (m-Law)
An encoding format for the quantization and digitization of analog
signals into Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) signals and recovery of analog
signals from PCM signals. The m-Law encoding format specifies
parameters for compression and re-expansion of the signal during signal
transmission and processing. This method (m-Law) of PCM encoding is
used in North American EMX systems (see A-Law).

Multi-block
One or more blocks treated as a single unit of transfer between an EMX
2500 system disk unit memory.

Multicoupler
Located in the SIF. Used to split RX signals for distribution to
multiple RF Modems. Provides 2:1 pre-amplification, with gain set to
overcome splitter and cable loss. The multicoupler includes
pre-amplifier alarms, also routed to the RF Modem.

Multiframe
A set of consecutive Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) frames in which the
position of each frame can be identified by reference to a multiframe
alignment signal.

Multiframe Alignment
A state in which the proper bits are being extracted from the PCM
stream in order to allow each frame to be uniquely identified.

Multi-Frequency (MF)
In the general sense, multifrequency refers to any of the telephone
address signaling methods using tone pairs to relay numeric
information. It specifically (in the United States) refers to the
interoffice address signaling methods using six tones to yield 15 tone
pairs.

Multi-Frequency Compelled (MFC)
An interactive tone address signaling method (e.g., R2) in which the
originating office sends numeric information as compelled or requested,
digit-by-digit, by the destination office.

Multifrequency/Dual Tone Multifrequency Receiver Processor (RCVR, RCVR-P)
Selects idle receiver circuits and collects MF or DTMF digits; makes
and breaks all paths between the receiver and trunk circuits; provides
interdigital timing for the digit collection sequence; collects digits
based on the numbering plan and the dialed number type; interfaces the
receiver circuits to poll and receive digits; collects maintenance
dialing patterns, performs customer redial functions; reports errors to
the maintenance interface reporting routines; cleans up and idles
receiver circuits, and collects TMM data (receiver completions, usage
time in seconds and out-of-service time in seconds).

Multifrequency/Dual Tone Multifrequency Sender Processor (SNDR, SNDR-P)
Allocates and idles sender circuits, makes and breaks all paths between
sender and trunk circuits; outpulses a block of digits to the Central
Office, provides KP and ST intersection for MF outpulsing; performs
required interdigital timing; determines the need for software answer
detection and reports it to the service manager (SVM); reports errors
to the maintenance interface reporting routines; cleans up and idles
sender circuits, and collects TMM data (sender attempts, sender
completions, usage time in seconds, and out-of-service time in
seconds).

Multi-Frequency Generator (MFG) Card
A board in the Tone Signaling Unit (TSU) that generates the digital
representations of the 15 tone pairs used in multifrequency signaling
systems.

Multi-Frequency Receiver (MFR) Card
A board in the Tone Signaling Unit (TSU) that decodes the
multifrequency signaling tone sent to indicate the called number.

Multifrequency Transmitter (MFTX-1) Board
Provides the EMX 2500 system with the ability to send or transmit tones
in the 2-out-of-6 MF and dual 1-out-of-4 DTMF formats for trunk
signaling.

Multiple Port Interface (MPI) Board
Used to connect three or more DYNA TAC base site controllers at a site.

Multiple Terminal Interface (MTI) Card
Interfaces with four teleprinters or modems through MIA RS-232C or
CCITT Rec. V.24 compatible serial ports. The MTI card interfaces with
the twin processor through a dual port circuit.

Multiplexer Subsystem
This term refers to the MUX card cage and the boards that reside in the
card cage. The board in the MUX card cage include: the Switch Matrix
Interface (SMI), Multiplexer (MUX) and Switch Matrix Tester (SMT).

Multiplexer-2 (MUX-2) Board
Provides space division multiplexing for PCM formatted data. Used for
the first and third stages of the EMX 2500 system space-time-space
Switch Matrix Subsystem.

Multiplexing
A method to switch traffic channels.

MUX
Multiplexer.
MXLDL

MM-XC LAPD Link.

+---+
| N |
+---+

N
1) In a telephone number or mobile-ID designation, a decimal number
from 2 to 9. 2) The number of paging channels that a mobile station
must scan. See Numeric Information.

N+1 Redundancy
A form of redundancy where a single device serves as a backup or
standby for a number of others.

NAA
No Answer/No Page Acknowledge.

NADP
North American Dial Pulse

NAK
Negative Acknowledgement.

Nailed Connection
A semi-permanent voice circuit connection (both directions) through an
electronic digital switch; set up and maintained in the switch data
base.

NAM
See Number Assignment Module.

NAMPS
Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service. NAMPS provides additional
cellular voice channels within the North American cellular frequencies
by decreasing the size of each channel from 30Khz to 10KHz. In addition
an extended air interface protocol has been defined. This protocol
allows pages to be transported to NAMPS subscriber units.

NAND Gate
A logic circuit electrically equivalent to an AND gate followed by a
NOT gate (inverter). Its output is binary 0 if, and only if, all inputs
are binary 1.

NAT
See No-Answer Transfer.

NBUSY
The number of times a mobile station attempts to seize a reverse
control channel and finds the reverse control channel busy. See Numeric
Information.

NC
Not configured. Devices that are not in the system; therefore, they are
not available for normal system processing, but may be made available
if added to the system. This is also a temporary state for devices when
the IPL program flushes the device tables. Changes are made by either
automatic or manual configuration control.

NCA
No Circuit (or Channel) Available.

NCON
BTS Nailed Connection link.

NE
(1) Not Equipped. (2) Network Element or Entity. A unit of software and
hardware that has a network ID (e.g., MM).

NEBS
Network Equipment-Building System

NEC-A
Specification for the interface between CBSC and MSC.

NETWOR
IPR log type for Inter-EMX network IPRs.

NETWK
Network

Network ID Number
A unique number which identifies the SS7 Address, X.25 Address, or EMX
ID Number used for a particular subscriber Mobile Identification Number
(MIN) or range of subscriber Mobile Identification Numbers (MIN Range).

Network Signaling Unit (NSU)
An EMX card cage which provides for generation and detection of system
tone and digit signaling.

NFS
Network File Service.

NFSD
Network File Service Daemon.

NIS
Network Information Service.

NMC
Network Management Center.

NMI
Non-Maskable Interrupt

NMT
Nordic Mobile Telephone System

NN
National Number.

NNX
Formerly, the Exchange Code in the North American Dialing Plan. "N"
digits must be from 2-9; "X" may be any digit from 0-9. NNX is
generally obsolete and has been changed to NXX.

No-Answer Transfer (NAT)
An option where the mobile subscriber can ask that all calls be
forwarded to another number if the mobile has not acknowledged a page
or if the call is not answered within a pre-determined time.

NOC
Network Operations Center.

Non-Controlling Switch
In a switch-pair (MSC/EMX or EMX/MSC), the switch that does not
determine which Glare Resolution should apply to a given trunk group
upon dual seizure.

Non-Redundant
A configuration in which the unit is providing service without a
backup.

Non-Service-Affecting
An activity that does not result in the loss or degradation of
service to any subscriber.

Non-Volatile Memory
A storage element whose contents are not destroyed if power is lost.

Non-wireline
A cellular carrier that is not the same company as the local (land)
telephone company.

NOR Gate
A logic circuit electrically equivalent to an OR gate followed by a NOT
gate (inverter). Its output is binary 1, if and only if, all inputs are
binary 0.

North American Dialing Plan (NADP)
The 10-digit telephone numbering scheme used throughout North America.
Also see NPA, NXX, and XXXX.

NOT-EQPD
Not Equipped

NOT_EQUIP
Identifies a telephony state. A device is NOT_EQUIP when the operator
has not configured the system to include this device.

NOT Gate (Inverter)
A logic circuit whose output is always the opposite of its input.

NOT-LOAD
See Not Loaded.

NPA
Numbering Plan Area (Area Code). The first 3 of the 10 digits in the
North American Dialing Plan.

NPA
Numbering Plan Area

NRM
Normal Response Mode

NRZI/PE
Non-Return to Zero/Phase Encoded. A method of recording digital data on
magnetic tape.

NSU
Network Signaling Unit

NSZTR
Number of Failed Seize Attempts RECC

N-T.A.C.S.
See Narrow-Band Total Access Communications System.

Number of Busy Seize Attempts (NBUSY)
In DYNA TAC systems, the number of times a mobile station attempts to
seize a reverse control channel and finds the reverse control channel
busy. See Numeric Information.

Number of Failed Seize Attempts (NSZTR)
In DYNA TAC systems, the number of times a mobile station attempts to
seize a reverse control channel and fails. See Numeric Information.

Next Registration (NXTREG)
In DYNA TAC systems, identifies when a mobile station must make its
next registration to a system. See Numeric Information.

No-Answer Timeout
A timeout which occurs when a mobile or land subscriber has not
answered the call within a given period of time.

No-Answer Transfer Calling
Option where the mobile subscriber can ask that all calls be forwarded
to another number if the mobile has not acknowledged a page or if the
call is not answered within a predetermined time.

Node
An individual processor system (i.e., CCP, DBP, SCU) which contains
redundant processors, memory, and associated peripherals. A node is a
functional unit containing a twin processor architecture.

Node States
The current service state of any node in the system.

Non-Blocking
The ability or resource to connect a calling subscriber to a
terminating party (high percentage of completed calls). See Blocking.

Non-Controlling Switch
In a switch-pair (MSC/EMX or EMX/MSC), the switch that does not
determine which Glare Resolution should apply to a given trunk group
upon dual seizure.

Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI)
A signal which indicates an interrupt request which must be granted at
the end of the current instruction cycle.

Nordic
The Nordic Mobile Telephone System (NMT) was developed jointly by the
Telecommunication Administration of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and
Sweden. Nordic is efficient for medium size systems in the 450 MHz
range and provides for handoffs between adjacent cells.

Nordic Signaling Technique (NST) Messages
Messages that are defined by Nordic signaling to be used in mobile
communications.

Not Equipped (NOT-EQPD)
A service state in which a device is not able to be used for any call
processing or maintenance functions. Memory has been set aside for this
device so recent changes can later activate the device.

Not Loaded (NOT-LOAD)
Status of a PROC. Indicates the PROC is not loaded with any code.

NPA-NXX-XXXX
In a ten digit telephone number:
NPA is the Area Code;
NXX is the Office Code; and
XXXX are the final four digits.

NSAP
Network Services Access Point

NSDB (Node Specification Database)
The NSDB records control the operation of the Motorola IS-41
applications and the Tandem Telecommunications Systems Inc. (TTSI)
input/output gateway processes on a Tandem hardware platform.

NTWK
Network

Null Modem
A cable connection used to connect two pieces of DCE (or DTE) equipment
together.

Number Analysis
Section of the Subscriber Number Analysis Process (SNAP) which handles
the translation of dialed digits, ANI, and inbound trunk identifiers
for the purpose of routing a call. Also detects special dialing
patterns: 0 for operator, 411, 611, 911, area code, cut-through codes,
etc. See Subscriber Number Analysis Process.

Number Assignment Module (NAM)
The portion of the mobile/portable phone that is programmed with the
Mobile ID, overload class, and other related information.

Numeric Information
Numeric information is used to describe the operation of the mobile
station.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACCPRIOR BIS CMAX

CPA E EX

FIRSTCHA FIRSTCHP LASTCHA

LASTCHP MIN1 MIN2

MAXBUSY MAXSZTR N

NBUSY NSZTR NXTREG

PL PR R

RCF REGID REGINCR

S SC SCC

SIDp SIDs-p SIDr

SIDs WFOM

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Numbering Plan Area (NPA)
Synonymous with area code.

Number Plan Tables
Contains the local numbering plan data associated with a particular EMX
service area.

Numeric Information
In DYNA TAC systems, numeric information is used to describe the
operation of the mobile station:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACCPRIOR BIS CMAX

CPA E EX

FIRSTCHA FIRSTCHP LASTCHA

LASTCHP MIN1 MIN2

MAXBUSY MAXSZTR N

NBUSY NSZTR NXTREG

PL PR R

RCF REGID REGINCR

S SC SCC

SIDp SIDr SIDs

SIDs-p VMAC WFOM

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

NVI
Non-Vectored Interrupt.

NXTREG
Next Registration. Identifies when a mobile station must make its next
registration to a system.

NXX
Central Office (Exchange) Code (200-999). The 4th through 6th of the 10
digits in the North American Dialing Plan.

+---+
| N |
+---+

O&M

Operations and Maintenance.

O&M Network
Operations & Maintenance Network. Cellular network comprised of a SVC
connected to management centers for MSC switches (OMC-S) and SC 9600
radio equipment (OMC-R), plus lower level SC 9600 CBSCs.

O/O
See omni-omni.

O/S
See omni-sector.

OBL-B
Tone type signaling used in some European Systems (e.g., Austria,
Germany and the Netherlands).

OBS
Outbound Signaling

OCC
Other common carrier. In the USA, the common carriers (long-distance
carriers) other than AT&T. Internationally, carriers other than the
primary national carrier.

OCOS (Originating Class of Service)
Identifies the extent of the services provided to a subscriber when
originating a call.

Octet
A sequence of eight binary digits (bits) usually presented in a serial
fashion that are operated upon as a unit without regard to byte
boundaries. See also Byte.

ODA
Open Data Access.

OFFCOD
See Office Code. Also refers to the database table defining office
codes.

Off-Hook
Circuit condition caused when the handset is lifted from the switchhook
of the telephone set.

Off-Line
Hardware device inactive and not available to the system.

Off-Line Operation
Refers to when the system is not operational under system software.

Office Code
The sequence of numbers (three digits used in the United States and
Canada) which identifies a particular telephone exchange or office.

OGT
Outgoing Trunk.

OGTG
Outgoing Trunk Group.

OLTM
Originating Line Trunk Manager Processor. (See Line Trunk Manager and
TLTM.)

OMC
Operations and Maintenance Center. One of two platform control centers
of the O&M Network. The SC 9600 OMC-R interfaces the SVC with the
CBSCs. The OMC-S interfaces the SVC with MSCs.

omcpm
OMC-R Performance Management database; the location of performance
management records.

OMC-R
Operations & Maintenance Center
Radio. Located at the MSC or CBSC; part of the O&M Network. Operates as
the user interface to the SC 9600 system, supporting the day-to-day
management of the cellular network. Provides a database for long-term
network engineering and planning tools. Manages subsystem events and
alarms, performance, configuration, and security. Interfaces with the
SVC and SC 9600 CBSCs. Runs on two computer platforms, one for the
OMC-R hardware and another (MMI processor) for the user interface.

OMCR
See OMC-R.

OMC-S
Operations and Maintenance Center
Switch. Part of the O&M Network. Interfaces the SVC with MSCs.

Omni
The ability of an antenna to transmit or receive equally in all
directions as opposed to a directional antenna. See Sector Receive
Antenna System and Sector-Transmit/Sector Cell.

Omni Cell
System that uses omni-directional transmit antennas. The cell formed is
approximately circular.

Omni/Omni
Omni-directional antenna configuration. Provides a 12-cell reuse
pattern for voice channels. Requires one omni transmit antenna and two
omni receive antennas for diversity reception. Duplexers may be used to
combine transmit and receive functions on the same antenna.

Omni-Receive
Base receiver system in DYNA TAC systems using two omni-directional
antennas.

Omni/Sector
Antenna configuration. Provides a 12-cell reuse pattern for voice
channels. One omni antenna transmits TCH information. Sector antennas
transmit CCH and receive TCH and CCH information. Duplexers are used to
combine the transmit and receive functions on the same antennas.
Requires a splitter and band pass filter in the SIF. Diversity
reception is provided by adjacent sector antennas, based upon which one
has the stronger signal.

Omni-Transmit
See Omni Cell.

ONAL
Off-Net Access Line

ONAT
Off-Net Access Trunk

OnCE Port
On-Chip Emulation port. Located on the XCDR.

On-Hook
The normal circuit condition when the handset is on the switchhook of
the telephone set.

On-Line
Circuitry or devices in direct connection to, or under direct control
of, the operating system.

One-Way Trunk
A trunk which can be seized at only one end.

One Word Paging
A purchasable Special Product which enables the EMX 2500 to page home
subscribers with just MIN1 as the mobile ID instead of both MIN1 and
MIN2. One Word Paging can extend the useful capacity of the Forward
Control Channel.

OOE
See Out-of-Service Test.

OOM
See Out-of-Service Maintenance.

OOS
(1) Out-of-Service. Identifies a physical state. The OOS state
indicates the physical device is out of service. This state is reserved
for physical communication links. (2) Identifies a telephony state. The
OOS state is used by the BTS device software at the MM to indicate that
the BTS is completely out of service. This state includes the
procedural modifier INIT.

OOS_AUTO
Identifies a telephony state. The OOS_AUTO (automatic) state indicates
a device is out of service because a failure has occurred when
attempting to bring the device in service. This state includes the
procedural modifiers INIT and LOAD.

OOS_DIAG
Out of Service, Diagnostic.

OOS_FLTD
Out of Service, Faulted.

OOS-MAINT
Out-of-Service Maintenance

OOS_MAN
Identifies a telephony state. The OOS_MAN (manual) state indicates a
device is out of service for maintenance purposes. This state includes
the procedural modifiers INIT and LOAD.

OOS-MNT
See Out-of-Service Maintenance.

OOS_PAR
Identifies a telephony state. The OOS_PAR (parent) state indicates a
device is out of service because a higher level device is out of
service. This state includes the procedural modifiers INIT and LOAD.

OOS_RAM
Identifies a physical state. The OOS_RAM state indicates a physical
device is still out of service but is now running downloaded software.

OOS-RCVY
Out-of-Service Recovery

OOS_ROM
Identifies a physical state. The OOS_ROM state indicates a physical
device is out of service and only running code stored in its bootstrap
ROM.

OOS-SYS
Out-of-Service System

OOS-TEMP
Out-of-Service Temporary

OOS-TEST
Out-of-Service Test

OOT
See Out-of-Service Temporary.

OOY
See Out-of-Service System.

Open Batch File
Only one batch file has the open status, and is the current "written to
by AMA" file.

Operational Software
Software that performs on-line functions of the EMX Central Processing
Unit and its associated peripheral devices. Includes application
programs, EXEC, and firmware but does not include functions such as
off-line testing and diagnostic programs.

OPSYS
IPR log type for operating system (EKOS) IPRs.

Orders
1) In DYNA TAC systems, the following orders can be sent to a mobile
station from a land station:

* Alert
The alert order is used to inform the user that a call is being
received.
* Audit
The audit order is used by a land station to determine whether the
mobile station is active in the system.
* Change Power
The change power order is used by a land station to change the RF power
level of a mobile station.
* Intercept
The intercept order is used to inform the user of a procedural error
made in placing the call.
* Maintenance
The maintenance order is used by a land station to check the operation
of a mobile station. All functions are similar to alert but the
alerting device is not activated.
* Release
The release order is used to disconnect a call that is being
established or is already established.
* Reorder
The reorder order is used to inform the user that all facilities are in
use and the call should be placed again.
* Send Called-Address
The send called-address order is used to inform the mobile station that
it must send a message to the land station with dialed-digit
information.
* Stop Alert
The stop alert order is used to inform a mobile station that it must
discontinue alerting the user.

2) In IMTS systems, two or four byte signals which are sent between the
Switch Control Interface (SCI) card and the Signal Bit Processor (SBP) card.
They represent instructions to be performed by the device to which they are
sent and provide port information for making connections.

ORIG
Originating

ORIGO
Originate Only.

Origination
The process of getting a MS to channel initially, the result of a
subscriber-initiated call.

Origination Indicator
The Origination Indicator defines the type of calls that a mobile in an
IS-41 System is allowed to originate. These restrictions are conveyed
to the EMX switch through an OCOS/TCOS pair.

OS
Operating System. The fundamental program running on a computer which
controls all operations.

OSI
Open Systems Interconnection. An ISO reference model for transmission
of data over a network.

OSN
Operator Switch.

Outage
A fault condition resulting in loss of service to an area, or more
specifically, to an EMX system or component.

Outbound PCM/DATA Bus
Eight-bit parallel transmission paths which transmit switch data from
the third stage switches to the SMI.

Outbound Voice Sample Parity
Parity error has been detected somewhere on the outbound side of the
PCM path out of the EMX switch (SGI-GMX-GI).

Out-of-Service (OOS)
(1) A hardware state that says the hardware is not currently
operational. This indicator is often used with another indicator (for
example, recovery) that further qualifies the state of the hardware.
(2) Part of a maintenance command instructing the EMX to put a hardware
unit out-of-service.

Out-of-Service Maintenance (OOM, OOS-MNT)
A hardware unit or circuit is placed in this state by a maintenance
request from the CAMP. It cannot be used for call processing and can
only be restored via a CAMP command. No automatic restoration of the
device is allowed. Diagnostics of the device will be allowed.

Out-of-Service Recovery (OOS-RCVY)
Device is marked to the out-of-service recovery state after all alarms
are recognized and a reconfiguration is taking place. Diagnostics might
have been scheduled or the device will just be marked OOS-SYS at the
end of alarm handling.

Out-of-Service System (OOY, OOS-SYS)
Device is out-of-service to any call processing functions. Only actions
to restore service to the device and/or diagnostics of the device will
be allowed. The device was put out-of-service by the system only.

Out-of-Service Temporary (OOT, OOS-TEMP)
A hardware unit or circuit that is placed out-of-service when an
associated unit or circuit on which it depends is placed out of
service. This unit or circuit can be returned to INS without being
tested. Device is in a temporary out-of-service state due to a higher
order device being out-of-service. Restoral of device without the
higher order unit is not allowed. Taking the device out-of-service
(i.e., OOS-SYS, OOS-MNT) from this state is allowed. The device will be
automatically restored in service when the higher unit is restored to
service.

Out-of-Service Test (OOE, OOS-TEST)

The unit or circuit has been placed out-of-service for testing, which
has been exercised by a diagnostic program. No call processing
functions can take place on this circuit while in this state.

Out-of-Service (OOS)
1) A hardware state that says the hardware is not currently
operational. This indicator is often used with another indicator (for
example, recovery) that further qualifies the state of the hardware. 2)
Part of a maintenance command instructing the EMX switch to put a
hardware unit out-of-service.

Out-of-Service Maintenance (OOS-MNT)
A hardware unit or circuit is placed in this state by a maintenance
request from the maintenance TTY. It cannot be used for call processing
and can only be restored via a teleprinter command. No automatic
restoration of the device is allowed. Diagnostics of the device will be
allowed.

Out-of-Service Recovery (OOS-RCVY)
Device is marked to the out of-service recovery state after all alarms
are recognized and a reconfiguration is taking place. Diagnostics might
have been scheduled or the device will just be marked OOS-SYS at the
end of alarm handling.

Out-of-Service System (OOS-SYS)
Device is out-of-service to any call processing functions. Only actions
to restore service to the device and/or diagnostics of the device will
be allowed. The device was put out-of-service by the system only.

Out-of-Service Temporary (OOS-TEMP)
A hardware unit or circuit that is placed OOS when an associated unit
or circuit on which it depends is placed OOS. This unit or circuit can
be returned to INS without being tested. Device is in a temporary
out-of-service state due to a higher order device being out-of-service.
Restoral of device without the higher order unit is not allowed. Taking
the device out-of-service (i.e., OOS-SYS, OOS-MNT) from this state is
allowed. The device will be automatically restored in service when the
higher unit is restored to service.

Out-of-Service Test (OOS-TEST)
The unit or circuit has been placed OOS for testing, which has been
exercised by a diagnostic program. No call processing functions can
take place on this circuit while in this state.

Out-Trunks
The audio paths going to the land network central office which are used
when making mobile-to-land calls. Information is passed over these
paths to indicate which land network user is being called.

OUTPLS Table
The Outpulse Table specifies the following information for the
outpulsing descriptor table: Physical trunk group; home NPA of the
telco office in which the physical trunk is connected; the exchange
codes in the home NPA which are allowed and which can be reached by
outpulsing seven digits; the exchange codes at the home NPA which are
allowed and which can be reached by outpulsing 1 + seven digits; and
the foreign NPAs and exchange codes within these NPAs which are allowed
to be accessed from the physical trunk group.

OUTRTE
See Outward Route.

OUTSIG Table
Provides the parameters which describe the outgoing signaling data
elements associated with trunk groups.

Outward Route (OUTRTE)
The Outward Route table is used in Outward Translation. Indexed by
Physical Route (from either the PHYRTE or CARIER tables), this table
defines attributes for each outward route. Attributes include the
Termination Type (land, mobile, CFC, or inter-LATA), Trunk Group to
route on, Call Diversions if needed, and Call Final Class if needed.

Outward Translation
The process of determining termination information, based on the world
number, who made the call, where the call came from, and when the call
was made. Termination information can consist of a particular trunk or
carrier used to reach the terminating party, or failure of a call for a
variety of reasons.

Outway Drivers
Each outway driver from the TSI is distributed to the corresponding
main and standby third stage space switch.

Outways
These are 8.192 MHz serial transmission lines which transmit data from
the TSI to the third stage switches.

Ovenize
To include a circuit which provides heat at a steady temperature.

Overflow
Amount of traffic using alternate routes due to busy conditions on a
primary route.

Overlay
For the Special Product: Overlay/Underlay; indicates the smaller
(inner) cell of an overlay/underlay pair.

Overlay/Underlay
A Special Product in which a smaller cell is "overlayed" onto a larger
cell. The overlayed cell's coverage area falls completely within that
of the underlayed cell, so the overlayed cell's channels can be reused
at much shorter distances without increasing co-channel interference.

Overload
Situation occurring when an element is asked to provide more service
than it is engineered to deliver. Contrast to congestion.

Overload Class
A class indication given to a mobile subscriber which indicates what
service will be provided to the mobile during a period when the system
is in an overload condition or emergency condition. Used with Special
Product: Overload Class Control.

Overload Class Control
Two purchasable Special Products which enable a system operator to
restrict originations, termination, and/or handoffs in particular cells
or paging areas, based on the subscribers' Overload Class. One SP
enables control of originations and terminations, another enables
control of handoffs. Sometimes called "Emergency Overload."

Overload Level
The highest amplitude of an analog signal for which a PCM code word
exists.

OVRCL
Overload Class. A class indication given to a mobile subscriber which
indicates what service will be provided to the mobile during a period
when the system is in an overload condition or emergency condition.

+---+
| P |
+---+

P
Positive.

Pack
A method to place three or more traffic channels onto each channel of a
span line.

Packed Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
A method of grouping sets of two or more BCD characters into data words
containing multiples of four bits. The packed BCD words are acted upon
as single units. The individual 4-bit digit is sometimes called a
nibble.

Packed Signed Decimal
A field of numeric data using BCD characters to represent numbers. The
sign of the field is represented as the right most 4-bits expressed as
CHEX representing a valid field or DHEX representing an invalid or
unused field. Packed signed decimal data is always rounded to a
multiple of 8-bit bytes, padded on the left with leading BCD zeros.

Pad See
Attenuator.

Page
1) A message which is broadcast to a group of mobile telephone units
which uniquely identifies a particular mobile telephone based on the
information contained in the message. This mobile unit will normally
acknowledge this message and enter a ringing state. 2) See Memory Page.

Page Acknowledgement
One of the following: Short Message Page acknowledgment, Short Message
Page buffer full, or Digital Page acknowledgement. These messages flow
from the subscriber unit ->BSC->EMX->MCMC.

Page Area
The area in which the EMX will page the mobile.

Paging Area
Identifies an area in the IS-41 network to which a home mobile might
roam.

Paging Channel
In DYNA TAC systems, a forward control channel which is used to page
mobile stations and send orders.

PALM
Parity Alarm

PAM
See Pulse Amplitude Modulation.

Parallel
Simultaneous transmission of the bits making up a character or word.

Parallel Differential Interface (PDI) Card
Provides bi-directional conversion between byte-wide differential
signals and byte-wide TTL signals. Also called Supergroup Interface
(SGI) and a Tone Group Interface (TGI) in the Group Multiplexer Unit
(GMU), Supergroup Switch (SGS), Supergroup Switch Extension (SGE),
Switch Network Unit (SNU) or Switch Network Extension (SNE).

Parallel Input/Output (PIO) Interface
Device that is a peripheral to a processor system which provides
several parallel (8-bit wide) ports for communication and control
purposes.

Parallel Internodal Link (PINL) Card
A high-speed communication link between twin processor nodes located
within 1000 feet of each other. Each PINL card communicates with
another PINL card to complete the data link. Each PINL card includes a
dual port to allow use by either processor in its node and is capable
of communication with two other PINLs. PINLs are also used as twin
processor links. Also see Internodal Link and Twin Processor Link.

Parallel to Serial Converter
A device which converts a group of digits into a sequence of pulses.

PARAM
Parameter

Parent
A device which controls the enabling of another device.

Parity
A self-checking code employing binary digits in which the total number
of ones in each permissible code expression is always even and odd.

Parity Alarm (PALM)
An alarm generated by a parity decoder indicating the presence of
incorrect data at its inputs.

Parity Bit
A binary digit (bit) appended to an array of bits to make the sum of
all of the ones always odd or always even.

Parsing
The process of performing syntax analysis of input and converting it
into EMX internal machine language.

PASSTHRU
A Tandem software process that allows VME handoffs to go through the
IS-41 Converter
Tandem.

Password
An access word entered at the teleprinter which verifies that the user
is authorized to establish communications with the EMX. It also
determines the allowed modes of operation.

Password Table
Seven byte ASCII representations of each system operator's password.

Patch
A modification to a computer program to correct errors or add features.

Patch Tape
A software tape that contains changes to the generic EMX system
Software Release.

PATHCOM
Command language interface used to communicate with PATHMON. (Tandem
Inc.)

PATHMON
The central control process that executes PATHCOM commands for the
PATHWAY system operations. (Tandem Inc.)

PATHWAY
A group of related software tools that enable the user's to develop,
install, and manage IS-41 Converter
Tandem on-line transaction processing applications. (Tandem Inc.)

PBX
Private Branch Exchange.

PC
Personal computer.

PC
Point Code.

PCB
Printed Circuit Board.

PCC
Power Conversion Cage.

PCH
Paging Channel. A common access RF channel providing
point-to-multipoint unidirectional signaling downlink. Provides
simultaneous transmission to all MSs over a wide paging area.

PCM
Pulse Code Modulation. Encoding for speech used on the CBSC A+
interface to the MSC.

PCM Control Link
Serial transmission paths between the SMI boards and the PCMI boards
vis the SMP controls on the PCMI.

PCM Tone Generator Test
Verifies that all tones are operational on the active tone generator.

PCM Word
An 8-bit code group representing a specific quantized level.

PCMI Board
See Pulse Code Modulation Interface Board.

PCMI-C
See Pulse Code Modulation Interface.

PCMI-2
See Pulse Code Modulation Interface.

PCS
Personal Communication Services.

PCT
See Program Control Tables.

PDC
See Personal Digital Cellular or Power Distribution Cage.

PDC-A Interface
Transports call processing information between the MM and the MSC.

PDESC
Process Description

PDF
See Power Distribution Frame.

PDI
Parallel Differential Interface

PDN
Public Data Network.

PE
Phase encoded.

Peg Count
A number indicating the use of a device or resource. Each time the
device or resource is used the peg count is incremented.

PEP
Peak Envelope Power.

Per-action
See per-operator.

Per Call Routing Alias
In the Special Product: Dynamic Roaming, a temporary telephone number
which exists just long enough for one call to be set up. Used to allow
automatic delivery of calls between cellular switches using inter-LATA
carriers.

Performance Management
Provides ability to monitor application and node statistics.

Per-operator
To perform the activity on demand. In Trouble Detection, this means the
TD mechanism is triggered only when the event occurs. The definition
allows implementation to include software and hardware fault detection
mechanisms. Software examples are message integrity checks (CRCs,
packet sequencing, message response timeout, etc.) asserts. Hardware
examples are parity checks, addressing checks, signaling, timeout
mechanisms, discrete voltage/frequency measurements, etc.

Perch Channel
A specific RF carrier used by the MS for signal level measurements. A
list of perch channels is provided to the MS to monitor downlink RSSI
during a call. The information is sent to the BTS as a basis of
handover candidate selection.

Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA)
An integrated circuit that provides a universal means of interfacing
peripheral equipment to a microprocessor.

Personal Digital Cellular (PDC)
A digital cellular system using TDMA and SC 9600 BTS platforms.

PGING
Paging

Phi (f) Tone
In Nordic systems, an out-band pilot tone (approximately 4,000 Hz) used
to supervise the transmission on the traffic channel during
conversation.

PHYRTE
See Physical Route.

Physical Alarm
An audible, visual, or dry contact alarm.

Physical Route (PHYRTE)
In the Outward Translation process, a table (and index produced by this
table) used to determine termination information such as terminating
trunk. For physical routing (i.e., the route connects to a trunk that
is connected to the EMX), this table produces a PHYRTE index. When
Carrier Routing is needed, the index produced by this table becomes the
index to the CARRTE table (which in turn produces the PHYRTE index).
The PHYRTE index is the index into the OUTRTE table. Also see Carrier
Routing.

Pi/4 DQPSK
Pi/4 Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying.

Pi/4 Shifted QPSK
Pi/4 Shifted Quadrature Phase Shift Keying.

PIA
Peripheral Interface Adapter

PID
Process ID

Pilot Tone Module
Located in each LPA shelf. Checks the cancellation network, which
minimizes IM through phase shifting. The module includes a generator
which feeds a tone into the LPA input and a receiver which checks the
output to confirm the tone was cancelled. Results are used to adjust
the phase shifting circuit.

PIN
Personal Identification Number. The MCMC subscriber's password for
accessing their voice mail and other personal services.

PINL
Parallel Internodal Link

PIO
Parallel Input/Output Interface

PL
Parallel Load.

PL
Power Level

Planned Interference
A cellular reuse concept based on known interference levels within the
collection of base site coverage areas that combine to make the overall
service area.

PLL
Phase Locked Loop

PLMN
Public Land Mobile Network.

PM
Performance Management.

POI
See Point of Interconnect.

Point of Interconnect (POI)
A place at which the cellular network is connected to the Public
Switched Telephone Network. A cellular system may have multiple POIs.

Port
1) The hardware/software data interface to a device, usually from a
processor. For example, an RS-232C or CCITT Rec. V.24 port for a
terminal. 2) An audio interface to the switch such as an E&M trunk port
or an RF channel.

Port Change
A (sector cell) intra-cell handoff. Because the handoff is between two
antennas at the same cell site, the EMX does not have to query other
cells for signal strength information.

Port Connects
The path between a channel and trunk that will establish the connection
to enable voice communication.

Posted Date/Time
The date and time an IPR was logged by its sending program.

Portable
A hand-held radiotelephone.

POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service. Telephone service without regard to
special features like call waiting, call forwarding, etc.

Power Budget Handover
A MAHO handover, initiated to reduce the mobile battery power level.
This occurs when a neighboring sector could serve the mobile with a
lower path loss than the current sector.

Power Distribution Cage (PDC)
Located in the RF Modem. Houses equipment to distribute power, RF and
timing/reference signals to the transceiver shelves. For the receive
function, includes filters, amplifiers and splitters on the Preselector
and Preselector I/O cards to distribute the signals to the various
shelves. For the transmit function, includes TX combiners to combine RF
signals, on a per sector or LPA basis, from the various shelves. The
AMR cards support alarm reporting. For TDMA, includes a RDM card.

Power Distribution Frame (PDF)
A separate metal bay that encloses the power supplies for the EMX 2500.

Power Supply Module (PSM)
Provides a source of regulated 5.25 V dc power for the Common Control
Complex, Switch Matrix Subsystem, and the T1 Digital Subsystem.

Power Supply Monitor (PSM-1) Board
Monitors output voltages from the EMX 2500 system power supplies.

Power Level (PL )- In DYNA TAC systems, the mobile station RF power level.
See Numeric Information.

PPC
Patch Panel Card.

PPS
Pulses Per Second.

PPS-800
A Special Products feature that is a wireless telecommunications system
that provides a single number to a mobile user that can be used at a
place of business or at a home.

PR
In DYNA TAC systems, the stored value of the priority level sent on a
forward control channel in an access priority global action message.
See Numeric Information.

PRE
State prior to running the test.

PRE-CUT
A service state in which a device is not able to be used for any call
processing functions. Diagnostics may be run on the device and the
physical hardware must be in lace. Recent change can then be activated
to place this device into an active cutover state (OOS-MNT).

Pre-error Amplifier
One of the staged correction amplifier modules located in the LPA
shelf. Adjusts the amplitude of the RF signals received from the RF
Modem XCVR to match the LPA carrier, and adjusts the phase 180-degrees.
When summed with the LPA carrier, including IM, only IM is left.

Preferred Carrier
A long-distance carrier as specified by a subscriber as a prefix in the
dialed digits string, usually of the form "10XXX" where "XXX"
represents the 3-digit carrier ID. The preferred carrier is used for
the call being dialed, unless Carrier Override is in effect. Also see
Presubscriber Carrier.

PRELIS
Pretranslator list. In the Pretranslation process, a table used to
analyze dialed digits, especially where digit-by-digit analysis is
unfeasible.

Preselector
Located at the input of the DYNA TAC base station receiver and used to
provide selectivity and low-noise gain.

Preselector Card
Located in the PDC of the RF Modem cabinet. Performs receive band
filtering, amplification, and 2:1 splitting for up to four receive
antennas. Outputs routed to the Preselector I/O card. Typically
supports three sectors per card, one antenna per sector.

Preselector I/O Card
Located in the PDC of the RF Modem cabinet. Provides an additional 2:1
split on receive signals from the RCV/Preselect card, which allows six
receive antennas to connect to the four transceiver and/or CCP shelves.
Output routed to the MIO card.

Presubscribed Carrier
A default long-distance carrier, specified by a subscriber as a
database attribute. This carrier will be used for long-distance calls
unless a Preferred Carrier is specified or Carrier Override is in
effect.

Pretranslation
The first step in the Translation process for all mobile-originated
(and some land-originated) calls. Its primary function is to determine
the type of dialing inferred by the dialed digits. Pretranslation
detects emergency numbers, preferred carriers, codes to activate and
de-activate special features, etc.

Pretranslator (PX)
Controls the transfer of mobile dialed digits from the Base Site
Controller (BSC) (in IMTS and OBL-B systems) to the main translation
process, which is part of the Subscriber Number Analysis Process
(SNAP). The PX is responsible for the initial detection of such
conditions as invalid dialed digit sequences, special dialing codes and
local/word telephone numbering schemes.

PRETRE
Pretranslator tree. A table used in the Pretranslation process in which
a subset of the dialed digits implies a particular type of dialing.

Primary Device
A device having an associated redundant standby device. In the event of
failure of the primary device, the standby device is brought into
service.

Print Priority
An attribute assigned to each IPR. Every IPR is given a priority of P1
(most severe), P2, or P3. Display of IPRs can be controlled by print
priority. P1 priorities cannot be altered; IPRs can be changed from P2
to P3 or vice versa by the system operator. Also see Information and
Problem Reporting.

Priority Tables
Indicates the order in which tasks should be executed. Eight priority
classes are used:

* Interrupt Task
* Clock Task
* System Tasks
* Application V Task
* Application W Task
* Application X Task
* Application Y Task
* EXEC Function Tasks

PRJM
Project Management.

PRN
Pursue Routing Number. Identifies a BTS within the NEC-A interface.

PROC
See Processor Card.

Process
Program or set of programs that are activated by the Executive. They
can be activated by incoming messages or by timeouts. All processes are
uniquely identified by a Process Identifier (PID) and are comprised of
one or more tasks.

Process ID (PID)
A unique identifier for a process. See Process.

Process Tables
Contains PIDs of all software process including:

* Node Location
* Process Type
* Location of Tables (that describe processes)
* Processor (PROC) Card A basic microprocessor board with additional
features for fault detection, diagnosis, and memory extension.

Processor States
The current service state of an EMX processor within a given mode.

Processor Test
Provided for each processor in the system. The test includes a control
bus test, an EPROM checksum test, and an interrupt test.

Program
The set of coded instructions which perform definite tasks in the EMX
CPU and various peripherals. Referred to as tasks in the EMX system.

Program Backup Tape
Contains all system software that must be on the system disk for the
system to operate fully.

Program Control Tables (PCT)
Table used by the EKOS to control program execution.

Program Load
The complete set of operational software that is transferred from
magnetic tape to a particular twin processor node.

Program Loading
Transferring of programs from one storage media into internal CPU
memory.

Program Memory
The data storage area of a computer which contains the instructions
that tell the computer what operations to perform.

Program Modification Backup Tape
Contains the original version of program files before the modification
is entered.

Program Update Tape
Contains modified versions of existing programs and possibly new
programs for replacement and/or inclusion on the system disk and
eventually into a newly-created program backup tape.

Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)
A device in which information can be permanently stored. The
information, once stored, cannot be changed.

Programmable Timer Module (PTM)
Used to generate the timing required by the system software.

Progress Tones
Tone signals directed to the telephone user's ear to indicate call
progress and disposition, including, but not limited to, congestion or
All Trunks Busy (ATB), called party busy (or line busy tone), ringback,
and dial tone. Also called Audible Signals.

Progress Tone Generator (PTG or IPTG) Card
A board in the Tone Signaling Unit (TSU) that provides the digital
representations used to reconstruct any of several tones or tone pairs
such as reorder tone, dial tone, etc.

Project Management
A purchasable Special Product which enables subscribers to assign
account numbers to individual calls. These numbers will appear on the
subscriber's itemized bill, allowing the subscriber to classify charges
as needed for accounting or client billing.

PROM Monitor
The firmware contained in the on-board EPROM components of the Z8000
microprocessor boards for the EMX 2500 system.

Prompt
An indicator displayed at a terminal (teleprinter or similar device)
informing the maintenance technician or operator that the system is
ready for input. Typically, this could be a request for the entry of a
password, a mode name, or a command.

PS
Power Supply.

PSM
See Power Supply Module.

PSM-1 Board
See Power Supply Monitor Board.

PSTN
Public Switch Telephone Network. The interface from a land line
subscriber to an EMX.

PSU
Power Supply Unit.

PSW
Pure Sine Wave.

PTG
Progress Tone Generator

PTM
Pilot Tone Module.

PTM
Programmable Timer Module

PTR
Printer.

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
The worldwide network to which all home and business telephones are
connected.

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
A time division modulation technique in which signal intelligence is
represented by a pulse whose amplitude represents the amplitude of the
modulating wave at a specific instant of time.

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Process in which the modulating signal is sampled, and the magnitude of
each sample with respect to a fixed reference is quantized and
converted by coding to a digital signal. Provides undistorted
transmission, even in the presence of noise. (See also Mu-Law and
A-Law.)

Pulse Code Modulation Interface (PCMI) Board
Interfaces the EMX 2500 system matrix highway and the compatible PCM
highways to the trunk and service circuits.

Pulse Code Modulation Interface (PCMI-C)
128 channels and clock.

Pulse Code Modulation Interface (PCMI-2)
256 channels and no clocks.

PUT
See PUT/FORCE/STATUS Commands and PUT/FORCE/STATUS Messages.

PUT/FORCE/STATUS Commands
Statements that can be entered at authorized EMX teleprinters by the
system operator or that can be generated internally by EMX software
processes in response to a fault condition.

PUT/FORCE/STATUS Messages
Reports printed at selected EMX teleprinters in response to commands
entered by the operator. They inform the system operator as to whether
the commands were performed and completed.

PVN
Private Virtual Network.

PWM
Pulse Width Monitor or Modulator.

PX
Pretranslator

+---+
| Q |
+---+

QOS
Quality Of Service. An alarm category which indicates a failure is
degrading service.

QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying.

Quantization
A process in which the continuous range of values of an input signal is
divided into non-overlapping sub-ranges and to each sub-range a
discrete value of the output is uniquely assigned. Whenever the signal
value falls within a given sub-range, the output has the corresponding
discrete value.

Quantization Distortion
The inherent distortion introduced in the process of quantization.

Quantization Level
The discrete value of the output designating a particular sub-range of
the input.

Quantizing
A rounding off process whereby all samples whose amplitudes fall into
one specific interval are given the same PCM code word.

Queue
A memory area containing data that are retrieved in the order in which
they were stored. See FIFO.

Queues
1) Data structure in which messages are temporarily stored until they
are retrieved by a software process. EMX queues use first-in-first-out
(FIFO) method. 2) A series of calls waiting for service. See FIFO.

+---+
| R |
+---+

R
In DYNA TAC systems, indicates whether registration is enabled or not.

R2BR
MFC-R2 Backward Receiver

R2FR
MFC-R2 Forward Receiver

R2G
MFC-F2 Generator

Radio Channel Audio Looparound (RCAL)
A feature of EMX to be used as a tool for the testing of audio paths
between the EMX and the radio channel at the base site. May be used
with the test mobile feature to isolate loss of audio path failures to
EMX, BSC, or radio channel equipment.

Radio Channel Test (RCT)
A tool for the testing of audio paths between the EMX and the radio
channel at the base site. May be used with the test mobile feature to
isolate loss of audio path failures to EMX, BSC, or radio channel
equipment.

Radio Frequency
A term applied to the transmission of electromagnetically radiated
information from one point to another, usually using air or vacuum as
the transmission medium. An electromagnetic wave frequency intermediate
between audio frequencies and infrared frequencies used in radio and
television transmission.

Radio Frequency Channel Maintenance (RMAINT)
The mode of teleprinter operation that authorizes the operator to
change the service states of radio frequency channels and base site
controllers.

Random Access Memory (RAM)
A type of memory in which information can be stored, retrieved and
modified. This type of memory is generally volatile (i.e., its contents
are lost if power is removed).

Random Access Memory Card (RAM1)
The primary memory of the twin processor. It provides 512k of memory,
and a parity checking circuit.

RANN
Recorder Announcer

RCB
Recent Change Block

RCC
Radio Common Carriers.

RCF
Read Control Filler Message. Identifies whether the mobile station must
read a control-filler message before accessing a system on a reverse
control channel. See Numeric Information.

RCH
Radio Channel Housekeeping.

RCI
Radio Channel Interface

RCIP
RCI Power (IMTS only)

RCP
See Multifrequency/Dual Tone Multifrequency Receiver Processor.

RCR Standard
Research and Development Center for Radio Communication standard; an
interface for PDC.

RCV
Receive.

RCT
See Radio Channel Test.

RCVR
Receiver.

RCVR-P
See Multifrequency/Dual Tone Multifrequency Receiver Processor.

RDF
Remote Database Facility. This is a Tandem Platform product.

RDM Card
Reference Distribution Module card. Located in the PDC of the RF Modem
cabinet. Provides a stable 3 MHz reference signal to transceivers to
control air interface frequency stability for TDMA systems.

RDV
Rapid Deployment Vehicle.

Read Control Filler (RCF) Message
In DYNA TAC systems, identifies whether the mobile station must read a
control-filler message before accessing a system on a reverse control
channel. See Numeric Information.

Read Only Memory (ROM)
Memory that can only be read and not written to; normally non-volatile
storage (i.e., when power is turned off, the memory is not lost).

Real Time Clock (RTC)
A hardware device which keeps track of real time in date, hours,
minutes, seconds. The primary function of the EMX real time clock
system is to provide an accurate source of time-of-day and date
information to other processes within the EMX. It also provides a set
of interval timer functions for generating statistics or activating
recent changes.

Real Time Clock (RTC) Messages
Formatted messages generated at regular intervals which indicate the
time of day and date (Gregorian and Julian).

REC
Receive Error Condition.

RECC
Reverse Control Channel

Receive Filter
Located in the SIF. Reduces out-of-band signals.

Receive Multicoupler
See multicoupler.

Receiver Bay
A bay of the DYNA TAC base station suite which accommodates the receive
equipment for up to 16 voice channels. The receiver bay includes the RF
front end, the first mixer modules, the matrix modules, the voice i-f
modules, the scan receiver and commutating switch modules, the
injection synthesizer, the 6-way splitter, and the signaling i-f
module.

Receiver Injection Synthesizer Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to supply the first injection signal
for the first mixer modules via the 6-way splitter module.

Recent Change
An approach to adding, detecting or changing data structures in the EMX
without halting computer operation.

Recent Change Block (RCB)
Random access memory that contains all the information necessary to
update one or more data structures in write-protected memory.

Recent Change Blocks
Data structures containing a single recent change entry. Each entry
describes a single action (add, change, deny service) for a single
range of parameters (mobile IDs, foreign groups, table entries) on a
single data structure (Subscriber File, Feature Package Table).

Recent Change Messages
Formatted messages containing additions, changes, or deletions to
subscriber or system data bases. Upon completion of the change process,
a report is printed at selected teleprinters.

Reconfiguration
In the EMX system, the act of changing the state of a piece of hardware
to adjust for hardware changes or malfunctions. Reconfiguration can be
done by the operator through maintenance commands, or automatically by
the EMX equipment when it detects a fault. Reconfiguration does not
refer to normal state changes required for call processing.

Reconfiguration Messages
Formatted messages identifying EMX components which have experienced a
change in service state. Reconfigurations usually cause alarm reports
to be printed at selected teleprinters and an alarm indicator is
activated on alarm and status panels.

Record
A collection of related information (in a database) which is treated as
a single unit.

Record Count
Number of records written to the magnetic tape. This count is used in
Header, Trailer, and Time Control Records. The count is reset at
midnight and at the start of each tape.

Recorder Announcer (RANN)
Used to inform the subscriber, when necessary, of conditions preventing
the completion of a call. Called Drum Intercept Announcer (DIA) in some
EMX systems.

Redundancy
Duplication of a resource to provide a backup of the resource.

Reference (REF)
A timing pulse that defines the beginning of each PCM multiframe.
Reference is generated on the CLK card.

Reference Oscillator Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to provide two independent sources of
the 3 MHz reference signal for use by both the BSC and the SAT
generator modules.

Refresh Alarms Display
An initialize alarms display, followed by an update of all the variable
fields to reflect the current alarm status.

Refresh Alarm MMI
Performs the following operations at the CRT at which the MMI is
issued: initialize the CRT; initialize the format of the alarms region,
and updates all fields to reflect the current alarms.

REGID
The stored value of the last registration number (REGID) received on a
forward control channel. See Numeric Information.

REGINCR
Identifies increments between registrations by a mobile station. See
Numeric Information.

Region Code (Regional Identity Code)
Used with international dialing to route calls to a particular
continent (zone). It is the first digit of an international number,
followed by a country code and national number:

1. North America, Caribbean, and Hawaii
2. Africa
3. Europe
4. Europe
5. South America
6. Australia
7. Russia
8. East Asia
9. Far East and Middle East.

REGISTR
Registration

Registered Mobile
Mobile whose primary home area is a specific EMX. A registered mobile
has home or roam status depending upon which area he is in at the time
a call is made.

Registration
The steps by which a mobile station identifies itself to a land station
as being active in the system at the time the message is sent to the
land station.

Registration
The process of a MS registering its location with the MSC in order to
make or receive calls. This occurs whenever the MS first activates or
moves into a new service area.

Registration Identification (REGID)
In DYNA TAC systems, the stored value of the last registration number
(REGID) received on a forward control channel. See Numeric Information.

Registration Increment (REGINCR)
In DYNA TAC systems, identifies increments between registrations by a
mobile station. See Numeric Information.

Relay Process
Process by which messages are routed by the EXEC to other processes
that have one PID but are resident in all EMX nodes.

Release
The process of removing a mobile from the TCH or CAC, at the network,
switch, and cellular levels as required.

Release Request
In DYNA TAC systems, a message sent from a mobile station to a land
station indicating that the user desires to disconnect the call.

REMOTE
IPR log type for base site (cell site) IPRs.

Remote Equipment
All equipment beyond the BSLK processors of the EMX 2500 including:
BSLK/BSC data links, BSCs, RF equipment, and mobile equipment.

Remote Frame Alarm
An alarm condition which exists whenever the VGI senses a far end frame
alarm condition.

Remote Memory-3 (RM-3) Board
Functions as an expansion memory to complement the on-board Random
Access Memory (RAM) of the MP-x series of the EMX 2500 microcomputers.
This board accommodates 64k or 256k of dynamic RAM (DRAM).

Remote Multiframe Alarm
An alarm condition which exists whenever the VGI senses a far end
multiframe alarm condition.

Remote Switch Unit (RSU)
A stand alone EMX switch controlled by a Host EMX system via a modem.

Remote Switching Terminal (RST)
A digital switching unit located at a distance from its host digital
Central Office which allows a number of subscribers to be connected to
the Central Office by means of a smaller number of trunks.
Analog-to-Digital conversion takes place at the RST and switching is
accomplished on a direct digital basis at the Central Office. The
remote subscribers have all features available to subscribers within
the host office as long as the link to the host office remains intact.

REMX
Remote EMX

Reorder Tone
A signal (120 ipm) indicating the call attempt has encountered a busy
route. See All Trunks Busy.

Reporting Period
A reporting period is one-half hour long and ends on the hour and half
hour. At the end of a reporting period every IPR which has reached the
exception state is reset to the enabled state.

Reports
General term used for a hard copy teleprinter output. The Teleprinter
Executive (TEX) software formats messages from other software processes
into alarm and status, maintenance, and recent change reports.

REQ
Request

Request (REQ)
The request signal is an active low pulse which defines the start of
state one of a Matrix Control Bus cycle.

Request-to-Send (RTS)
A handshaking signal used with communication links, especially EIA
RS-232C or CCITT Rec. V.24 to indicate (from a transmitter to a
receiver) that data are ready for transmission. Also see Clear-to-Send.

Reset Alarm MMI
Turns off an alarm for a given alarm type.

Restart Messages
Messages printed at teleprinters which indicate that restart procedures
have been initiated and/or completed due to manual or automatic reset.

Retrofits
Revised or updated versions of hardware or software which can be put
into EMX systems already in operation.

Reuse Group
A group of DYNA TAC radio channels which are divided according to their
frequency. Two reuse groups are established to minimize interference
between adjacent channels used in adjacent cells.

Reuse Pattern
The minimum number of cells required in a pattern before channel
frequencies are reused, to prevent interference. Varies between cell
configuration type (omni/omni, etc.) and channel type (traffic, perch).
The pattern shows assignments of adjacent channels to minimize
interference between cells and sectors within the pattern area.

Reverse Block
A condition on an incoming trunk showing the other end of the trunk
that the EMX is unable to receive calls at the present time. Applies to
in-trunks and out-trunks.

Reverse Control Channel (RECC)
In DYNA TAC systems, the control channel used from a mobile station to
a land station.

Reverse Voice Channel (RVC)
In DYNA TAC systems, the voice channel used from a mobile station to a
land station.

Revertive Call
In mobile telephony, a call made from one mobile to another on the same
radio channel. Push-to-talk mode is used by the mobiles; the base
station acts as a repeater.

RF
See Radio Frequency.

RF Front End
The DYNA TAC base station receiver input section consisting of
preselector and 4-way splitter modules.

RF Loss
An indication of an established mobile call that is dropped,
disconnected without a request by either party. Causes include a
sustained radio link failure.

RF Modem
RF Modem cabinet, part of the BTS. Provides the interface between the
CBSC and the RF air interface. Contains the PDC, I/O panel, and four
Transceiver Shelves.

RFDS
RF Diagnostic Sub-System. Located in the SIF but controlled by the
CBSC. Includes a GLI card, XCVR, RF converter, and ASU. Monitors
performance of the BTS: tests cell site equipment functionality based
upon forward and reverse output signal measurements in the directional
couplers; also simulates a mobile transceiver, generating and receiving
RF signals. Tests include RF power output, antenna VSWR, BER, CNR, SSI,
carrier leakage, transmit IMD, and signaling verification. Can be
operated remotely a the OMC-R or manually at the BTS via the LMF. Test
results are sent to the CBSC and interpreted there.

RFHW
RF Hardware troubleshooting procedure.

RGLI
RFDS Group Line Interface.

RIM
Radio Interface Module.

RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Commands.

RISSD
The IPR sending program which contains the IPR library function.

RM-3 Board
See Remote Memory-3 Board.

RMAINT
Radio Frequency Channel Maintenance Mode

RMR
Roamer

RNMP
Remote Network Management Protocol. Interface between the OMC and the
MM.

RNR
Reception Not Ready.

ROAM
Roamer Access Number.

Roam Index
A parameter assigned to each subscriber to indicate what type of
handling is required to process calls when operating in a foreign
system (e.g., local, intersystem roaming-date link, or default
foreign).

Roam Package
In the Special Product: Custom Roaming, a set of EMXs and paging
areas
in which a subscriber wishes to receive pages. As with Feature Package
and Coverage Package, a finite number of these sets are defined by the
cellular carrier, and each subscriber is assigned one of these sets.

Roamer
A mobile station which operates in a cellular system other than the one
from which service is subscribed.

Roamer File
In subscribers recent change (SIM) this file contains individual
mobile-IDs from other mobile telephone systems that are to be given
some degree of service.

Roaming Subscriber
See Roamer.

Rolled Back
A term used when returning a database to its original state when an
operation is not successfully completed.

ROM
Read Only Memory

Rotary Dial
Telephone signaling which uses interrupted pulses to pass information.

Rotary Hunt Group
The arrangement of two or more line/trunks so a call group is
automatically routed to the first non-busy line (or trunk) of the
group.

ROTL
Remote Office Test Line

Router
LAN router.

Routing Data
Information identifying the path connection required to complete a call
to a mobile unit, to land party, or to a mobile unit from another
mobile unit. Includes translated trunk/channel numbers, mobile numbers,
ANI, and paging data as required.

Routining Subsystem
A series of commands available on the EMX 2500 which provide a
sophisticated test facility and convenient user interface. The
following features are provided: ability to routine all devices in the
office; ability to test a set of devices; provide a detailed and
summary report; provide device selection criteria; provide device
disposition options; provide busy device handling; and provide test
time limitations.

RPC
Remote Procedure Call. A mechanism which allows procedures residing on
one computer platform to be invoked by a program residing on a
potentially different platform.

RR
Reception Ready.

RS-232C
Refers to a standard for serial data transmission (International
equivalent
CCITT Rec. V.24).

RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator. A parameter returned from a
transceiver that gives a measure of the RF signal strength between the
MS and BTS, either uplink or downlink.

RST
See Remote Switching Terminal.

RSU
Remote Switch Unit

RTC
Real-Time Clock

RTG
Routing

RTR
See LAN router.

RTS
EMX Remote Trunk Switch

RTS
Request-to-Send

RVC
Reverse Voice Channel

RVL
Radio Voice Link.

RWR
Request with Response.

RX
Receive or receiver.

RX Matrix Card
Located in the RF Modem Transceiver Shelf for TDMA systems. Under
control of the XCVR, connects RX signals between the XCVRs and the
appropriate sector in the SIF. Receives antenna signals from the MIO,
amplifies and splits them. Routes two signals to each XCVR for
diversity.

RXCVR
RFDS XCVR.

RXLEV
An indication of received signal level based on the RSSI, either uplink
or downlink. One of the causes for handover. This occurs when the RSSI
is below the confidence percentage of averages threshold level.

RXQUAL
An indication of the received signal quality based on the BER, either
uplink or downlink. One of the causes for handover. This occurs when
the RSSI drops to a dangerously low level.

+---+
| S |
+---+

S
In DYNA TAC systems, identifies whether the mobile must send its serial
number when accessing a system. See Numeric Information.

S/S
See sector-sector.

SABME
Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended.

SABMEI
Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended with Information.

SACCH
Slow ACCH. An auxiliary control channel appended to the TCH used by the
MS for reporting RSSI and signal quality measurements. Transmits
signaling information and user packet data.

SAFEPATH
A Tandem system utility program used in conjunction with PATHWAY to
create new online system applications. SAFEPATH supplies generic menus
so that the user does not need to create a new application from
"scratch". The user can use the menus supplied by SAFEPATH, or use the
menus as a base screen to create new menus.

SACK
See Subordinate Acknowledge.

SAGE
A Sage Instruments Model 930A Communications Test Set, used in Radio
Channel Test.

SAL
Stand-Alone Loader

SALT
System Audio Loopback Test..

Sample
The value of a particular characteristic of a signal at a chosen
instant.

SAP
Service Access Point.

SAPI
Service Access Point Indicator or Identifier.

SAS
Status-Alarm-Signal

SAS
System Alarm and Status

SAS2
System Alarm and Status, Version 2

SAT
Supervisory Audio Tone

SAT Color Code (SCC)
In DYNA TAC systems, a digital number which is stored and used to
identify which supervisory audio tone frequency a mobile station should
be receiving. See Numeric Information.

SAT Generator Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base stations to generate the 15 kHz reference
signal and the supervisory audio tones for the base station and BSC.
See also Supervisory Audio Tones.

SAW
Surface Acoustic Wave.

SB
Synchronization Burst, messages sent between the BTS and MS.

SB2
Synchronization Burst 2. An acknowledgement message passed between the
MS and BTS.

SB4
Synchronization Burst 4. An acknowledgement message passed between the
MS and BTS.

SBE
SNC Bus Extender

SBP
Signal Bit Processor

SBPR
Redundant Signal Bit Processor

SBT
SNC Bus Terminator

SBY
Standby

SBY-DUP
Standby-Duplex

SBY-REST
Standby-Restore

SBY-TNS
Standby-Time Not Set

SBY-TS
Standby-Time Set

SC
Switch Control Processor

SC
System Code

SC 9600
Fourth generation of Motorola cellular infrastructure equipment.
Comprised of CBSC, OMC-R, LMF, and multiple BTS sites.

Scan
The procedure by which a mobile station examines the signal strength of
each forward control channel and selects the channel with the strongest
signal.

Scan of Channels
In DYNA TAC systems, the procedure by which a mobile station examines
the signal strength of each forward control channel and selects the
channel with the strongest signal.

Scan Processor (SCN)
In DYNA TAC systems, the SCN measures every mobile's signal strength on
each receive antenna so that all mobiles can be received via the best
antenna choice and can be set to the correct power (transmit) level.
The SCN also measures the SAT frequency of mobiles to verify that it is
making its measurements on the correct mobile. The SCN is capable of
receiving any mobile frequency.

Scanner
Software polling task which queries an input/output device for input.

Scanning Receiver (SRX)
Used in Nordic (NMT) systems to perform signal strength measurements on
a channel, as ordered by the EMX (via CCP-to-CSI).

SCAP
SC 9600 Application Protocol.

SCB
See Subordinate Control Bus.

SCC
1. SAT Color Code. 2. Signaling Channel Controller (LD Base Station)

SCE
Software Creation Environment Service.

SCCH
Single Cell Signaling Channel. A common access RF channel providing
point-to-point bi-directional signaling up- and downlink. Used when the
location of a MS is known. Allows transmission to MSs within individual
cells.

SCCP
Signaling Connection Control Part. The fourth level of SS& standard
architecture, used to transport the BSS Application Part (BSSAP).

SCE
Switch Control Unit Extension

SCEP
Switch Control Extension Power

Scheduled Jobs
EMX software process and accompanying data which have been queued for
execution by the EXEC process.

SCI
See Status Control Interface.

SCI
Switch Control Interface

SCI Port
Serial Communications Interface port on AMR microcontroller.
Communicates with XC GPROCs. Operates at 4800 baud rate.

SCIP
Serial Communications Interface Peripheral

SCM
(1) See Status Control Manager. (2) See Station Class Mark.

SCN
Scan Processor (part of BSC)

SCP
(1) Service Control Point. (2) Site Control Processor (part of BSC).

SCP
1) Signal Control Point (software terminology) 2) System Control Panel
(hardware terminology)

SCR
Silicon Controlled Rectifier.

Scrambler (SCX)
Optional equipment used to provide voice security. The scrambler is a
device for encoding transmitted voice communications signals so as to
render them unintelligible, and for decoding previously encoded signals
so as to render them to an intelligible condition.

Scratchpad Memory
Read/write memory that can be used for any purpose by an application
program.

SCS
See Simplex Coldstart.

SCSI
Small Computer Serial Interface.

SCSIIM
SC 9600 System Initialization and Integrity Monitor.

SCT
See System Control Table.

SCU
Switch Control Unit

SDCC
Single DC Converter module located in the MM and OMC-R. It supplies
regulated DC power.

SDBM
Subscriber Database Management.

SDHW
Single Device Hardware troubleshooting procedure.

SDP
See MF/DTMF Sender Processor.

Search
The process of scanning and displaying the call records as specified by
the operator.

Search from Beginning/Search from End
Specifying search direction is a technique used to minimize glare on
two-way trunks. "Search from beginning" indicates that the search for
an idle member of a two-way trunk group start from the beginning of the
member list (smaller to larger member numbers). "Search from end" is
the opposite, as the search algorithm attempts to select a free member
starting with the largest member in the group and working toward the
smallest.

Sector
A segment of an RF coverage area.

Sector of Origin Routing
A Translation technique in which the originating mobile's location
helps determine the routing of the call. Particularly useful for
emergency calls.

Sector-Receive Antenna System
In DYNA TAC systems, six 60░ directional antennas are used at each base
site to get the additional gain required to serve portables with the
same quality signals as mobiles.

Sector/Sector
Sector antenna configuration where both uplink and downlink are
sectors. May be either six 60-degree sectors or three 120-degree
sectors.

Sector-Transmit/Sector Cell
Terms that refer to a DYNA TAC base site RF configuration in which the
voice channels are configured for both sector-transmit as well as
sector-receive, with each sector comprising a 60░ segment. This cell is
used for very high density systems.

Segment
A 10 millisecond period started by an interrupt. Segments are used for
internal EXEC timing and clocked task synchronization.

Seizure
A signal transmitted by one switching system to another switching
system. This signal is transmitted from the first system to the second
system to initiate an action like originating a call. The signal is
transmitted to acknowledge a previous request or to relay the
occurrence of an event, like an answered call, from one system to
another.

Seizure Precursor
In DYNA TAC systems, the initial digital sequence transmitted by a
mobile station to a land station on a reverse control channel.

SELCD
Selective Call Delivery.

Selective Call Delivery
Allows the operator to set from which visited regions within the IS-41
network that an EMX home subscriber may receive call delivery.

Selective Call
Coded signal sent by the IBSC in OBL-B systems to the mobile that
consists of the mobile's identification number and the channel command
number. This signal causes the mobile to change from the calling
channel to the speaking channel specified by the channel command.

Sender Processor (SNDR-P)
Processor that manages sender circuits which are used to outpulse
MF/DTMF digits to remote switches. Also see Multifrequency/Dual Tone
Multifrequency Sender Processor.

Serial Bus
TTY bus used by the GPROC for communications with half-size cards and
for cards within the XC cabinet which are not in the XC shelf.

Serial Communications Controller (SCC)
Processor that controls the serial interface to CAMP terminals. The SCC
hardware is used within the SFCC and an synchronous communications
handler within the EKOS operating system in the SFCC.

Serial Communications Interface Peripheral (SCIP) Card
This card can appear as an intelligent peripheral, performing processor
functions on transiting information in the network. The card allows for
high level link protocols and error recovery and handling for the link.

Serial DAS
A purchasable Special Product which enables the transmission of billing
and statistics records to a remote computer over an HDLC datalink. Any
remote computer using LAPB protocol can be used.

Serial Device Driver
The logic within EKOS which actually interfaces with each CAMP
terminal.

Serial Four-Channel Communications Controller (SFCC-1) Board
Provides four full-duplex, RS-232 serial I/O data channels. Supports
local CRT terminals, printers and modems as well as high-speed
synchronous data link channels.

Serial Four-Channel Communications Processor (SFCC)
Where the Terminal Handler and the Serial Device Driver reside.

Serial Internodal Link (SINL)
The SINL card provides serial data communications between two EMXs
separated by long distances using high speed synchronous modems.

Serial Link
One of four communications paths between SCIP and peripheral equipment.
The information on the link is sent serially in a bit-synchronous
format.

Service-Affecting
An activity that results in the loss or degradation of service to at
least one subscriber.

Service Area
One of a number of areas in an EMX system that has a particular set of
home mobiles and a dialing plan for home and roaming mobiles.

Service Circuit
A group of hardware devices that includes recorder-announcement
equipment, receivers, and senders.

Service Code
A numeric code, usually in the form of N11 (N is any digit 2 through
9), designating a supplementary telephone service.

Service Manager (SVM)
Provides overall management authority for all in-service service
circuits. Specific functions include: allocates service circuits as
directed by the Call Processing Manager; queues for service circuits as
required when a specified service circuit type is not available;
interfaces with the Service Circuit processors to reserve and idle
specific service circuit processors to perform a specific function;
interface with the Switch Matrix Processor to make and break specific
switch paths and to enable or disable specific tones and treatments,
and collect system activity data.

Service Management Subsystem
Consists of the maintenance test frame (MTF), line/trunk subsystem,
service circuit subsystem, switch matrix subsystem, tone recorded
announcement, and tone generator.

Service States
Operational status of telephone line signaling devices and EMX hardware
components.

Server Class
1. A unique number assigned to each member of a group of duplicate
copies of DMXIO or XNETIO processes that are used by IS-41
applications. All processes of a particular server class are executed
from the same object file. Each server class is assigned a unique Task
ID. 2. A unique name assigned to each member of a group of duplicate
copies of HMI servers that run under PATHWAY. All processes of a
particular server class are executed from the same object file.

Session
Resident program in the COMM processor which routes the input and
output between the CAMP terminals and the Command Interpreter, when the
Terminal Handler programs reside in SFCC processors.

SF
Single Frequency

SFCC
See Serial Four-Channel Communications Processor.

SFCC-1
See Serial Four-Channel Communications Controller Board.

SFT
Subscriber File Transfer.

SGE
Supergroup Switch Extension

SGEP
Supergroup Switch Extension Power

SGI
Supergroup Interface

SGIR
Redundant Supergroup Interface

SGRP
Supergroup

SGS
Supergroup Switch

SGSP
Supergroup Switch Power

Shared Random Access Memory (SRAM)
A RAM card whose function is shared between both sides of an EMX twin
processor node (SCU, DBP, CCP).

Shelf
Generic name used to describe a mechanical enclosure that holds a
number of cards. One or more shelves are mounted in a frame.

SID
System Identification

SID (System Identification Number)
An identification number assigned to a cellular telephone switching
system (EMX or MSC).

SIDp
System Identification;
Permanently Stored (Mobile)

SIDr
System Identification; Received

SIDs
System Identification; Stored

SIDs-p
System Identification; Semi-Permanently Stored (Mobile)

Side (A or B)
In equipment with two independent control systems, as in an electronic
switching system, it is the designation that is given to each of the
control systems. The designation used in an EMX system is based on
viewing the unit from the front; where the control system components
(boards) are located in the left portion of an equipment rack is
designated as Side-A and those located on the right is Side-B.

Sidetone
An attenuated portion of the transmit audio returned to the originator.

Sierra 411A
Digital access test set used in Radio Channel Test.

SIF Cabinet
Site Interface cabinet. One of the BTS cabinets, housing RF assemblies.
Contains directional couplers, duplexers (or receive filters), receive
multicouplers, and the RFDS. Interfaces RF signals between the antennas
and the BTS. Routes TX signals from the LPA to the antennas and routes
RX signals from the antennas to the RF Modem.

SIG
Signaling Channel Controller (part of BSC)

Signal Bit Processor (SBP-24 or SBP-30)
The main function of the SBP card is to extract line signaling from
inbound data and to insert line signaling in outbound data.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio
The ratio of the magnitude of the signal to that of the noise with no
signal present, usually expressed in dB.

Signal Operated Noise Adjusting Device (SONAD)
In some systems, used in the mobile-to-land audio path to minimize the
audible effects of path loss variations and poor signal-to-noise ratio.

Signal Strength Indication (SSI)
A value representing the received signal strength for each channel from
each sector antenna. This value is used by the BSC to determine which
are the two strongest sectors (so they can be supplied to the
maximal-ratio combiner in the voice I-F module) and by the EMX to
determine inter-cell handoffs.

Signaling
The exchange of electrical information (other than by speech)
specifically concerned with the establishment and control of connection
and management supervision in a communication network.

Signaling Channel
A channel used by a land station to transmit digital control
information (including pages) to a mobile station, and a radio channel
used by mobile stations to access a system to obtain service and to
transmit control data to a land station. The land station's
transmitting channel is called the forward control channel; the mobile
station's transmitting channel is called the reverse control channel.

Signaling Channel Controller (SCC)
In the LD series base station, controls the cell site signaling
transceiver, decodes and corrects data received from the mobile and
makes an initial estimate of the mobile's signal strength for use in
call setup.

Signaling Channel Controller (SIG)
The SIG ends paging and overhead messages to mobiles under control of
the site control processor in DYNA TAC systems. It decodes and corrects
data received from mobiles, and uses information from the RF equipment
to make an initial estimate of the mobile's direction.

Signaling I-F Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to recover signaling data and SSI
from the calling channel for the BSC.

Signaling Link
See link.

Signaling Protocol
The method of coordinating signaling between two switching machines. A
signaling protocol is used to ensure information about a call is
transmitted when the receiving machine is prepared to receive the
information. Under the dial tone signaling protocol, the transmitting
switch will not pass digits to the receiving switch until the receiving
switch has returned dial tone. The receiving switch will not return
dial tone until it has completed the necessary processing, like
assigning the attaching a digit receiver to prepare for incoming digit
reception.

Signaling System 7 (SS7)
An open-ended common channel signaling standard which defines the
protocol for signaling used by switches within the digital network.
Used over a wide variety of digital circuit switched networks. Provides
internal control and network intelligence.

Signaling Time Slot
A time slot starting at a particular phase in each frame and allocated
to the transmission of signaling.

Signaling Tone
In DYNA TAC systems, a 10 kHz tone transmitted by a mobile station on a
voice channel to: (1) confirm orders, (2) signal flash requests, and
(3) signal release requests.

SIL
Signaling Link Code.

Simplex State
This is a state of the twin processor node and control system in which
there is only an active processor, such that in the event of a
processor-related failure, the system may go down.

Single Frequency (SF) Signaling
Single frequency signaling, either in-band or out-of-band. Used for
supervisory signaling.

Single Trunk Circuit Outage
A class of outage where a single trunk circuit outage affects service
on an individual circuit originating or terminating on the EMX 2500
system. This type of outage pertains to a hardware fault of a
particular trunk interface circuit.

SIPL
See System Initial Program Load.

SIT
System Image Tape

Site Control Processor (SCP)
The SCP controls all aspects of base site operation in DYNA TAC
systems. The SCP uses its peripheral processors to provide all call
related services:

* Allocates voice channels.
* Communicates with the EMX.
* Handles details of call setup and termination:

-
Schedules periodic vehicle location for active mobiles.
-
Optimizes base station and mobile operating parameters.
-
Initiates or accepts mobile handoffs.

* Allows its operator to conduct several diagnostic tests from a
terminal.
* Controls operation of SCN, SIG, and VCP.

Site Identification Number
A unique six digit number assigned to each switching system.

Site Relay (SRLY)
Customer assigned external alarm or status relay (e.g., intruder alarm,
smoke alarm, etc.). Four site relays can be detected by each SCP.

Site Supervisory Unit (SSU)
Used in Nordic (NMT) systems for two purposes:

1. Interfaces to the Scanning Receiver (SRX) to take signal strength
measurements needed to determine the cell with the best reception (for
handoffs).
2. Activates all site control functions (as ordered by the EMX) and sends
alarm indicators to the EMX. The SSU can communicate with the EMX in
two ways: either via a data line, a channel signaling interface, etc.,
or via a Base Control Unit (BCU) at the same site and a BCU-SSU
communication link.

Site Relay
Customer assigned external alarm or status relay (e.g., intruder alarm,
smoke alarm, etc.). Four site relays can be detected by each SCP.

Six-Way Splitter
Used in the base station to to distribute the first injection signal to
the six first mixer modules.

SLC
Signaling Link Code

SLM
1. Service Logic Module. 2. Software Load Management. Provides operator
with facilities to load a BSS, manage the integrity of loads, record
changes to a load during emergency repair, provide a central repository
for loads, and track status of installed and activated loads.

SLNK
Serial Link

Slot
In time divided serial digital communications, a single block of bits
with a frame. For instance, a T1 frame consists of 24 slots which in
turn consists of eight bits each.

SM
Short Message. The pre-defined textual message from the VRU or textual
message entered by a caller at an user terminal delivered to the
subscriber unit as a page. A short message can be up to 14 characters
in length.

SMI-1
See Switch Matrix Interface Board.

SMM
See Switch Matrix Manager.

SMP
Switch Maintenance Port

SMP
See Switch Matrix Processor.

SMT
See Switch Matrix Tester.

SNAP
Subscriber Number Analysis Process

SNC
Switch Network Controller

SNDR
See Multifrequency/Dual Tone Multifrequency Sender Processor.

SNDR-P
See Multifrequency/Dual Tone Multifrequency Sender Processor.

SNE
Switch Network Extension

SNEP
Switch Network Extension Power

SNU
Switch Network Unit

SNUP
Switch Network Unit Power

SONAD
Sound Operated Noise Attenuating Device

Source group
In the Inward Translation process, used to classify the originating
caller (generally by location). Otherwise identical calls may be
processed differently depending on the caller's source group.

SP
1. Special Product. 2. Switching Point (same as SSP). 3. System Paid
Feature

SP Card Service Processor card
Located in the MM and OMC-R.

Space Switch (MUX)
Each MUX board accommodates two first stage and two third stage
switches in the three-stage switch matrix.

Span Line
A 4-wire digital line carrying information for a group of time-division
multiplexed PCM channels. See also T1.

Speaking Channel
Except for the selective call signal transmitted to the mobile, all
calls are set up, made and cleared on the speaking channels in OBL-B
systems. Thirty-eight (38) duplex channels, numbers 1 through 18, and
20 through 39 are available as speaking channels. Speaking channel and
command channel are similar terms identifying one of the duplex channel
numbers stated above. Speaking channel refers to mobile-to-IBSC
communications while command channel refers to IBSC-to-mobile
communications.

Special Product (SP)
A feature that is not part of the base product. Special Products are
purchasable features which offer extra functionality and/or capacity.
In the case of switch features, special Products are purchased by the
cellular carrier on a per-switch basis; some of the features can in
turn be sold to subscribers on an individual basis, while other
features affect all subscribers. Some examples include
Overlay/Underlay, Hot-Line Mobiles, Custom Roaming, and many more.

Specify
Allows the operator to outpulse any number entered at the keyboard to
get an unsupported test line.

Speed Number
An abbreviated number assigned to a called number to reduce the number
of digits that a user must dial. The translated called number can be
either a division code or a 10-digit DDD number.

SPI port
Synchronous Peripheral Interface port on AMR microcontroller.

SPL Commands
Commands which affect node monitor programs by loading both programs
and data into standby processors in various EMX nodes.

Split Cage
A redundant configuration of the BSC in which some of the cards in the
cage are under the control of one SCP while the remainder are under the
control of another SCP. This allows redundancy to be provided on a BSC
with only one cage.

Splitter
Used to take output from one LPA and splits it six different ways for
each of the six directional sector antennas. Required for omni/sector.

SQL
Structured Query Language. The standard language for relational
database management systems as adopted by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI X3.135-1989) and the International Standards
Organization (ISO 9075-1989).

Squelch Circuit
A radio receiver circuit which disables the audio path when the
incoming signal is below a predetermined level.

SRAM
Shared Random Access Memory

SRCHAN
XC-BTS Subrate Channel.

SRLY
Site Relay.

SRC
Square-root Raised Cosine, a type of filtering.

SRVDEN
Service Denied.

SRX
Scanning Receiver

SS7
See Signaling System 7.

SSI
See Signal Strength Indication.

SSI Bus
Synchronous Serial Interface bus. Located on the XCDR.

SSP
Service Switching Point

SSR
System Status Register

SSN
Subsystem Number

SSU
Site Supervisory Unit

SSUL
Site Supervisory Unit Link

SSW
Super Synchronization Word.

Subsystem (hardware)
An independent computer providing a distinct function. Subsystems for
the MCMC are MC and VRU.

ST
(1) Start Pulse. (2) Cellular Radio Signaling Tone. (3) Silent
termination (quiet termination).

S-T-S
Space-Time-Space switch matrix of the EMX 2500.

STB
Signaling Terminator Board (located in LPU Bay)

Stable Call
A call that is in the talking state (2 subscribers connected) and is
not actively being processed by the system.

Standard Formatted Records
Fixed-length records output to DAS tape units. Five groups are output:
ticketing, statistics, time changes, communications, and tape
management data.

Standby (SBY)
An indicator about the status of a hardware unit on the EMX that says
the unit is functioning as a backup; it is ready to be used if needed,
but is not currently active.

Standby Device
A device having an associated redundant primary device. In the event of
failure of the primary device, the standby device is brought into
service.

Standby-Duplex (SBY-DUP)
This is an EMX twin processor and control system state in which the
processor performs none of the normal active processor functions.
Instead, it monitors the following:

* Active processor alarms.
* Execution of sanity checks on the active processor.
* Receiving and installing of checkpointed data for data base updates.
* Response of active processor reconfiguration directives.
* Execution of twin processor Dynamic-Duplex fault detection exercises,
as directed by the active processor.

Standby-Simplex (SBY-SIMP)
This is an EMX twin processor and control system state in which the
processor performs none of the normal active processor functions.
Instead, it monitors the following:

* The active processor alarms.
* Execution of parity checker on the active processor.
* Response to active processor reconfiguration directives.

Star
A network configuration defining interconnections between the XC and
BTS, where a separate 1.544 Mbps HWY individually connects each BTS to
the CBSC. Only one BTS is affected if the connection fails, but empty
timeslots increase cost. Contrast to daisy chain and loop
configurations.

Start Dial
A type of trunk communication signal generated by the receiving
station. This signal informs the transmitting station that the receiver
is ready for data transfer. Also see Delay Dial.

Start Method
A signaling mechanism used to initiate address signaling on a trunk.

State of an IPR
An IPR may be in one of three possible states. These are: Enabled,
Disabled, and Exception. An enabled IPR has not reached its threshold
value and will be reported if it is logged. An IPR in the exception
state has reached its threshold value and will not be reported if it is
logged again during the remainder of the reporting period. All
exception IPRs are reset to the enabled state at the end of a reporting
period (30 minutes). A disabled IPR will not be reported if it is
logged, and will not be reset to the enabled state at the end of the
reporting period. An IPR is put into the disabled state via the DISABLE
IPR MMI or a simplex restart.

State Tables
A two-level table that indicates the most current service condition of
devices, jobs, nodes, processes, etc. In addition to normal entries, it
contains classes of entries which are valid in any state (i.e., default
values). Typical state tables include:

* Valid process states.
* Valid input for each state.
* Next task to be performed.
* Next state after that task.

State Transitions and Changes
Any change in the service condition of an active/standby central
processor unit node, peripheral device, or software process. The EMX
utilizes a large number of tables to maintain current information on
the status of all of its component parts.

Static-Duplex
A temporary EMX twin processor node and control system mode of
operation in which the EMX processing system is configured for a high
level of fault tolerance. The primary purpose of this mode of operation
is for bringing up new generic software load on a live system. In this
state, the twin processor nodes maintain independent copies of all data
stored in the memories of the active and standby processors. Not only
are call processing and data stores not backed up, but customer and
system data bases are also kept separate on both sides of each
processing node. Active and standby processors continuously monitor
each other's performance. The standby processor is capable of assuming
complete control of the EMX, but will cause a system restart if it does
take over. In a takeover by the standby processor, customer features,
in effect, will be preserved.

Station Class Mark (SCM)
An indication stored in a mobile telephone of its maximum attainable
power level.

Status Control Manager (SCM)
Accepts messages from other processors within the switch requesting
status displays in the form of one or more lights on a hardware panel.
The SCM maps the status display requests into specific commands to the
status control interface processor to turn on and/or turn off lights.

Status Control Interface (SCI)
A slave to the Status Control Manager.

Statistics Messages
Formatted messages containing call data collected and compiled to
reflect system usage, subscriber activity, and information for billing
purposes.

Statistics Records
Records generated and recorded on magnetic tape including:

* Tape usage.
* Radio channel usage.
* Subscriber usage.
* System statistics.

STATUS
See PUT/FORCE/STATUS Commands and PUT/FORCE/STATUS Messages.

Status of Equipped Channels/Devices
The current service condition of RF channels and all peripherals
presently installed in a particular EMX system.

Status Information
In DYNA TAC systems, the following status information is used in this
section to describe mobile station operation:

* Servicing-System Status
Indicates whether a mobile station is tuned to channels associated with
System A or System B.
* First Registration ID Status
Indicates whether a mobile station has received a registration ID
message since initialization.
* Local Control Status
Indicates whether a mobile station must respond to local control
messages or not.
* Roam Status
Indicates whether a mobile station is in its home system or not.
* Termination Status
Indicates whether a mobile station must terminate the call when it is
on a voice channel.

Status Tables
Data structures used to reflect the changes in service states of
hardware components, line states, and software processes.

STB
See Strobe.

STC
System Timing Controller. Provides the timing functions for the XC
GPROC.

STE
See Span Termination Equipment.

STG
See System Timing Generator.

STRAU
SC 9600 Transcoder/Rate Adaption Unit. For VSELP encoded speech on the
64 kbps link, allows changing the number of calls handled on a single
traffic channel. For full rate, the STRAU occupies two bits in an eight
bit word.

Strength Threshold
The power level reading of the mobile when it accessed the signaling
channel. If the power is too strong, indicating that the mobile was
very close to the cell, the mobile should not be redirected because the
cell that it ends up in may order it to tune to a power level that
would interfere with the calls in the cell in which it is physically at
that time.

Strobe
Generally refers to a signal that is used to indicate when information
on a bus can be considered valid.

SU
Subunit (also referred to as LU)

Subordinate Acknowledge (SACK)
The SACK lines are used for two unrelated functions. They are used by
all the subordinate boards to acknowledge an access, and the lines are
used by the SMT boards to report timing failures.

Subordinate Control Bus (SCB)
A generic term for the control paths between the CBI and the
subordinate matrix boards.

Subordinate Matrix Boards
A generic name for the various boards in the Switch Matrix Subsystem.
These boards are subordinate to the SMP boards and include the TSI,
MUX, SMI, STG, and SMT boards.

Subrate Multiplexing
A method to switch traffic channels at a rate below
64 kbps, such as at 32 or 16 kbps, etc.

Subscriber
End user of telephone services. This term refers only to mobile users
in an EMX system.

Subscriber Data Base
Contains all information pertinent to each subscriber associated with
an EMX system. See Subscriber Files.

Subscriber Files
Contain all the information pertaining to each subscriber associated
with a particular EMX system. Specific data items maintained are:

* Mobile Number
* Home Service Area
* Present Location
* Frequency Band
* Service Class
* Service Denial
* Special Service Feature

Subscriber Information Management (SIM)
Mode of teleprinter operation that allows the operator to add, delete,
or change information in the EMX subscriber data base.

Subscriber Number Analysis Process (SNAP)
The software package that translates all information with the
subscriber file and number translation tables needed during call
processing.

Subscriber Option
A service option purchased by an EMX subscriber (e.g., call
forwarding).

Subscriber Tables
Tables containing standard and optional subscriber features and
numbers, dialing plans, and other data required to complete or deny
service to or from a mobile unit.

Subscriber Update
Procedure of a mobile subscriber to dial the proper access codes to
inform the EMX that he has entered a new service area or to say he is
returning to his home area. See Automatic Roaming.

Subsystem (hardware)
An independent computer providing a distinct function. Subsystems for
the MCMC are MC and VRU.

Supergroup (SGRP or SG)
1) The collection of 384 ports (24-channel systems) or 480 ports
(30-channel systems). 2) Collection of the Highway Interfaces (HIs) of
a GMU, SNU, SNE, SGS or SGE and the remainder of the EMX or RSU switch
dedicated to these Highway Interfaces.

Supergroup Interface (SGI)
A Parallel Differential Interface (PDI) card used in the Switch Unit
(SWU) to communicate with the Group Multiplexer Unit (GMU).

Supergroup Switch (SGS)
Card cage in an RSU where switch network control, system timing, audio
port interface, DC and tone trunk signaling control, and all
interconnect functions are performed. The SGS accommodates one
supergroup.

Supergroup Switch Extension (SGE)
Card cage in a RSU that interconnects with the SGS to provide audio
port interface, DC trunk signaling control, and interconnect functions
for a second supergroup.

Supergroup Switch Power Supply (SGSP)
Provides a redundant power source for the supergroup switch cage. That
cage contains the first supergroup in an RSU or EMX Host using SNC/SWM
architecture. The cage also contains other hardware necessary for the
entire one or two-supergroup switch, such as the controlling SNCs and
both CLK cards. The power supply has its A/B halves "diode ORed"
together so that loss of one power supply will not cause the SGS to be
without power.

Supervisory Audio Tone (SAT)
One of the three tones in the 6 kHz region that are transmitted by a
land station and transponded by a mobile station in a cellular system.

Supervisory Center
Part of the O&M Network. Manages the platform of the OMCs.

Supervisory Signaling
1) That signaling which provides seize, acknowledge, answer and
clearing information on audio ports by the use of E&M leads, loop
currents, or SF tones. 2) Line or mobile signals that indicate requests
to change the service state of a connection (i.e., off-hook, wait,
on-hook, etc.).

SVC
(1) Supervisory Controller. (2) Switched Virtual Circuit.

SVR4
UNIX System V Release 4.

SVCKTS
IPR log type for service circuit IPRs.

SVM
See Service Manager.

SW
(1) Software. (2) Synchronization Word.

Switch
See EMX Switch.

Switch Control Extension (SCE)
Extension cage connected to the Switch Control Unit (SCU) node to
provide expansion slots for peripherals (i.e., Tone Information
Receiver (TIR), Switch Interface (SWI), etc.).

Switch Control Interface (SCI)
Processor based card in the Switch Unit (SWU) which controls the
functions of SWU under the direction of the Switch Control Unit (SCU).
These functions include: transfer of supervisory signaling, path
connection, and switch configuration information.

Switch Control Processor (SC)
One of the coprocessors on SNC cards that provides call processing
control. The SC reports events and receives instructions via the CP
processor.

Switch Control Unit (SCU)
One of the twin processor subsystems (or nodes) within the EMX. The SCU
controls path connects between all ports and signaling on all ports.
(See Node.)

Switch Fault Management (SWFM)
Software to correctly configure the switch for call processing if one
or more switch devices is determined to be faulty or is taken out of
service for maintenance. It includes the fault detection software.

Switch Interface (SWI)
SCU interface card to the SWU for transfer of supervisory signaling,
path connection, and switch configuration information.

Switch Maintenance Port (SMP)
An RS-232C port located on the JAM for connecting a local maintenance
terminal.

Switch Matrix Interface (SMI-1) Card
Located in the Switch Matrix Subsystem frames, this board contains the
termination points for the eight, 26-conductor differential ribbon
cables that provide full-duplex serial 2.048 MHz for the PCM interface
boards located in the analog/digital frames. These boards also
terminate the 8-bit parallel 8.192 MHz PCM/DATA bus to the multiplexer
(MUX) boards. 2) The SMI boards reside in the switch matrix subsystem
and provide the interface between the switch matrix and the PCMI boards
in the trunk and service circuit frames.

Switch Matrix Manager (SMM)
The SMM boards are EMX 2500 compatible microprocessor-based boards
which constitute the top of the switch matrix control hierarchy. The
SMM boards are subordinate to the Service Manager.

Switch Matrix Manager Control Bus
EMX 2500 compatible and provide the control path between the SMM and
SMP processors.

Switch Matrix Processor (SMP) Board
Connects appearances on the switch network together and connects
appearances to the tone bus. These boards are subordinate to the SMM
and reside in the TSI card cages.

Switch Matrix Tester (SMT-2) Board
Tests logic and addressing for subordinate control buses; reports
failures of the selected timing bus; asserts reset signals upon
detecting a failure via the 20-wide failure indicator (FI) bus;
interfaces between the main/auxiliary tone buses and the A/B tone buses
to the switch multiplexer cards; develops test pattern injection for
the A/B tone buses; provides constant monitoring for the A/B tone
buses; drives clock select A/B lines, and reports matrix control bus
contention.

Switch Matrix Subsystem
The Switch Matrix Subsystem consists of the Switch Matrix Manager
(SMM), the Switch Matrix Processor (SMP), and the Multiplexer Subsystem
(all see). Its primary function is the control of the PCM digital
switch matrix. The specific functions include: Allocate and make a
one-way or two-way path between two appearances; allocate and make a
three-way path between two matrix appearances and a third appearance as
an intermediate connection; drop the intermediate appearance described
above and make a two-way path between two appearances; break a one-way
or two-way path, and turn on and off call progress tones and
announcements to a specified appearance.

Switch Module (SWM)
Makes path connects (in its Time Slot Interchange[(TSI]), handles PCM
signaling bits (signal bit processor [SBP]), provides clock control,
clock distribution and alarm signals for the switch. Internally, the
SWM supports switching and signal bit processing for one full
supergroup. The TSI can support two supergroups of PCM; one for its
local supergroup and one differential PCM highway for the other
supergroup. There are two SWMs per supergroup; a SWMA and SWMB.

Switch Network Controller (SNC)
A dual processor card used in an SGS or SNU for control of the network,
DC and tone trunk signaling, all interconnect functions, and data
communications with the EMX Host or CPU, NSU, MPP, and SWM.

Switch Network Controller Bus Extender (SBE)
A card resident in a SGS cage or a SNU cage that provides conversion
between TTL and differential levels to extend SNC control to SGE cage
or SNE cage via an SBT.

Switch Network Controller Bus Terminator (SBT)
A card resident in a SGE cage or a SNE cage that provides conversion
between differential and TTL levels to terminate SNC control from SGS
cage or SNU cage via SBE.

Switch Network Extension (SNE)
Card cage in the EMX 100-PLUS that interconnects with the SNU to
provide audio port interface, dc trunk signaling control, and
interconnect functions for a second supergroup.

Switch Network Unit (SNU)
The unit of the EMX 100-PLUS system that performs all audio port
interface and interconnect functions in all dc and tone trunk signaling
functions. This unit is housed in a single card cage.

Switch Unit (SWU)
Card cage where audio cross-connections are made and where dc
supervisory signaling information is detected from, and inserted on,
the TDM Highways.

Switchhook Flash
See Hookswitch Flash.

Switching Module (SWM)
A card in the Switch Network Unit (SNU), Supergroup Switch (SGS),
Switch Network Extension (SNE) or Supergroup Switch Extension (SGE)
that performs time slot interchange, signal bit encoding and decoding,
and clock control functions.

SWNO (Switch Number)
An identification number assigned to a specific cellular telephone
switching system.

SWS
Simplex Warmstart.

SX
Simplex Signaling.

SXCDR Card
SC 9600 transcoder card. See XCDR.

SYSDB
System Databases.

SYSGEN
See Systems Generation Tape.

System Clock
A 16.384 MHz clock generated on the STG boards and distributed to each
card cage in the Switch Matrix Subsystem.

System Code
A digital identification transmitted on a control channel which is used
to detect capture of a mobile station from another cellular system by a
land station.

System Frame Sync
A periodic synchronization pulse of 125 msec which defines the PCM
frame boundaries and is sourced on the STG boards and distributed to
each card cage in the Switch Matrix Subsystem.

System Identification (SID)
A digital identification associated with a cellular mobile service
area; each equipped area is assigned a unique number.

System Initial Program Load (SIPL)
An Initial Program Load that loads and restarts only all the processors
in the switch. Ordinarily this is done only when a switch is started
for the first time, or when new software release is installed. Also see
Initial Program Load.

System Number
Five-digit number identifying the EMX system. This number is used in
call and statistic records to indicate which EMX system generated the
record.

System Status Register Processor (SSR)
The highest level processor in a Maintenance and Status Unit, along
with a Maintenance Processor. If in-service, the SSR is always the
active controlling processor.

System Timing Bus
Distributes the system clock and system frame sync signals to the
matrix subsystems.

System Timing Generator (STG) Card
Generates 16.384 MHz clock pulse signals used through the EMX 2500
system to control circuit timing functions. The boards reside in the
TSI card cages.

Systems Generation Tape (SYSGEN)
Defines customer specific system parameters such as cell configuration,
nature and number of telephone trunks, network plan, etc.

SYSTSTAT
System verification macro that is executed after completion of an
application installation, application upgrade or cold loading of the
platform system. SYSTAT checks the following: Spooler, TMF, TACL
processes, system processes, disk status, and CPU status.

System Code (SC)
1) In DYNA TAC systems, a digital identification transmitted on a
control channel which is used to detect capture of a mobile station
from another cellular system by a land station. 2) In DYNA TAC systems,
the stored value of the system code transmitted on a forward control
channel. See Numeric Information.

System Files
Contain all information pertaining to hardware components configured in
a particular EMX system. Tables are used to indicate which components
are equipped or unequipped.

System Identification (SID)
A digital identification associated with a cellular mobile service
area; each equipped area is assigned a unique number.

System Identification; Permanently (SIDp)
Stored In DYNA TAC systems, the home system identification stored in
the mobile station's permanent security and identification memory. See
Numeric Information.

System Identification; Received (SIDr)
In DYNA TAC systems, the system identification received on a forward
control channel. See Numeric Information.

System Identification; Semi-Permanently (SIDs-p)
Stored In DYNA TAC systems, one of a number of system identifications
stored in mobile station's semi-permanent security and identification
memory. See Numeric Information.

System Identification; Stored (SIDs)
In DYNA TAC systems, the stored system identification. See Numeric
Information.

System and Node Status Reports
Reports printed at a set teleprinter in response to a status request
command or as a result of a change in the status of any twin processor
node.

System Number
Five-digit number identifying the EMX system. This number is used in
call and statistic records to indicate which EMX system generated the
record.

System Recent Change (SYSRC)
Mode of teleprinter operation that allows the operator to equip or
unequip EMX components and base site controller hardware.

System Status Register (SSR)
One of the two microprocessor based boards in the Maintenance and
Status Unit which controls the interface between the Data Base
Processor and the alarm and status panels.

System Tape
(1) Tape unit that contains the backup programs, tables, and recent
change records. (2) The tape on which user specific programs are stored
and loaded into the system.

System Timeout Values
The system recent change commands that use these values give the
customer the capability of defining how long certain system delays are.
Only two timeouts may be specified
termination ring timeout (the time a mobile subscriber's phone will
ring before the ringing is terminated), and no answer transfer timeout
(the time the subscriber's phone is rung if no answer transfer is
active).

Systems Generation Tape (SYSGEN)
Defines customer specific system parameters such as cell configuration,
nature and number of telephone trunks, network plan, etc.

SYS
EMX Control System

SYS A
"Side A" of EMX Control System

SYS B
"Side B" of EMX Control System

SYSGEN
System Generation Tape

SYSRC
System Recent Change

+---+
| T |
+---+

T1 (T1 Carrier)
1) The 4-wire digital line carrying the information for a group of PCM
channels. 2) In the United States, the carrier or medium on which the
24-channel 1.544 Mbps PCM is routed. (Also called DS1 digital system.)
See also Span Line.

T1 Span
The basic 24-channel 1.544 Mbps pulse code modulation system. One T1
span carries 24 conversations and/or data links.

T1 Tone Detector-1 (T1TD)
Board Performs digital tone detection of dial tone and a DTMF digit (#)
for four PCM ports. In the normal configuration, the T1TD monitors
three data ports (96 channels). The additional capacity is for
maintenance.

T1TD Board
See T1 Tone Detector-1 Board.

T43IB
Type 43 Interconnect Board.

TACL (Tandem Advanced Command Language)
TACL is a programmable command interpreter that provides the user with
an interface to the GUARDIAN 90 operating system. It provides standard
commands and also allows the user to define commands and develop
routing.

T.A.C.S
Total Access Communications System

TAD
Test, Audit and Diagnostics.

TAGS
Tagged Subscriber.

Talk-Time
The designation given to the period of time that a cellular
radiotelephone subscriber is engaged in a record generating (billable)
conversation.

Tandem Processor
An intermediate processor between the source and destination processors
of an EKOS message. A tandem processor receives a message and forwards
it on to either the destination processor or another tandem processor
in the chain.

TAPE
DAS or System Tape Drive

Tape Clock Board (TCB)
Board that contains the real time clock function and interface to the
magnetic tape drives. See Dual Port Interface, Magnetic Tape Drive
Interface and Real Time Clock.

Tape Test
Two tape tests are provided, a tape functional test and a tape skew
test. The tape tests are provided in the Admin Processor only.

Tape Unit Designations
Up to eight tape units are served by two different controllers,
referred to as A and B by the PROM monitor and boot block programs. The
system software refers to tape drives by number from 0 to 7 where tape
drives 0-3 are attached to controller A and 4-7 are attached to
controller B. Most systems are equipped with two tape drives,
designated as drives 0 and 4.

Tape Volume
Physical reel of tape.(Sometimes referred to as Volume)

TAPP Tape Power

TASA
See Test Access Switch Appearance.

Task
Smallest unit of EMX code that can be scheduled for execution or queued
by the EXEC; tasks are the basic building blocks of processes.

Task ID
A specific number assigned to a group of server classes.

Task Table
Includes:

* Locations of task code.
* Memory available to task extension.
* Priority class timing information.

TBC
Token Bus Controller.

TBCD
Telephone Binary Coded Decimal number. The representation of the
cardinal numbers 0-9 as binary codes of any length. TBCD converts the
'0' to an 'A' in hexidecimal.

TBIP
Test Bus Switch Interconnect Panel.

TBS
Test Bus Switch.

TC
(1) Terrestrial Circuit. (2) Toll Connecting Trunks.

TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part)
The layer of the SS7 protocol that is used to obtain Routing data for
certain services.

TCB
Tape Clock Board

TCH
Traffic Channel.

TCH
Traffic Channel (Voice and Data).

TCHRF
1) Traffic Channel (RF). 2) Traffic Channel frequency.

TCOS
Terminating Class of Service. Also known as Translator Class of
Service. A TCOS is assigned to each subscriber and to each trunk group.

TCP (Terminal Control Process)
The process that interprets and executes programs, and controls the
input/output devices and processes on which the transaction processing
applications run.

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
An internationally used standard that allows addressing and data
communications between (potentially) non-homogeneous computer systems
connected via a network.

TDC-1 Board
See Time-of-Day Clock-1 Board.

TDM
Time Division Multiplexing

TDM
Time Division Multiplex. A data communication technique to combine
several lower-speed channels into one transmission path at a higher
speed. For example, 24 PCM bit streams can be transmitted over a single
T1 span line. The information on each lower-speed channel is
interleaved and assigned a specific time position in the signal stream.
The signals on the multiplexed high speed channel are separated at the
receiver to reconstruct the individual low-speed channels.

TDM Bus Time Division Multiplex bus.
Bi-directional highway bus with eight bit plus parity, carries
transcoded speech and signaling data between the cards in the
XC. Operates at 65.536 Mbps. Services 1024 slots operating at
64 kbps for traffic (voice and data) and control (signaling)
channels.

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
A cellular media access control technique where an MS is granted access
to the system in a short duration timeslot within the RF carrier. The
number of active MSs is limited to the number of available timeslots in
each cell.

TE Termination Equipment
A cross connection block or other terminating device, for terminating
and interconnecting cables. Generally used to interconnect between span
lines coming into a site and equipment at the site.

TECI-1
See Test Equipment Communication Interface-1 Board.

TEI
Terminal Endpoint Identifier.

TELCO
An abbreviation for the landline telephone company.

Teleprinter (TTY)
Any I/O device capable of generating and accepting character
communication (i.e., ASCII character set), which is also RS-232C
compatible. Also called TTY or terminal.

Teleprinter Commands
The means by which a system operator communicates with the EMX system.
All commands consist of command name and parameter blocks to indicate
the function to be performed and the EMX component affected by the
command. Subparameters within parameter blocks further define the
activity to be performed. (See your Operator's Manual for complete
documentation of commands.)

Teleprinter Equipment Table
Contains identification numbers of all teleprinters or teleprinter-like
devices (CRTs) that are configured in a particular EMX. Includes:

* Channel equipped.
* Dedicated for use by MSU.
* Indication if channel is a generation time master.
* Channel is out-of-service.
* ID number of the backup teleprinter.

Teleprinter Executive (TEX)
Software package which performs basic syntactical analysis of input and
output character strings to and from teleprinters.

Teleprinter Mode
A security feature in the EMX that limits teleprinter/password
combinations to certain functions. See MASTER, MAINT, RMAINT, SIM,
SYSRC, and DAS.

Teleprinter Mode Table
Contains bit maps with all authorized teleprinter operating modes.

TERCKT
Terrestrial Circuit.

Terminal Handler
Resident program(s) in the Communication Processor or the SFCC
Processors which controls the input and output to the Camp terminals.

Terminal Test
Provided in the Communications Processor. The test performs a reset
terminal, verifies terminal status, and performs a terminal loopback
test which includes a read-after-write pattern verification.

Terminate
To connect a line to equipment, as in a subscriber's radiotelephone.

Terminating Class-of-Service
A parameter for each subscriber which specifies how long the EMX will
ring the mobile unit before it routes the call to a tone or recorded
announcement.

Termination
The process of getting a MS from the CAC to the TCH for a
subscriber-terminated call.

Termination Ring Timeout
A system recent changeable parameter which specifies how long the EMX
will ring the mobile unit before it routes the call to a tone or
recorded announcement.

Termination
Type One of four possible ways a call can be terminated based on
Outward Route. They are: mobile termination, normal land termination,
CFC (the call ends with an assigned Call Final Class), or inter-LATA
(the call is routed to an equal-access long distance carrier).

Test
A mechanism that verifies the completeness of functionality on a
specific item and reports the results to the requestor. Test does NOT
imply an in-service or out-of-service telephony state.

Test Access Switch Appearance (TASA)
Test port appearance originating on the switch matrix providing testing
through the switch matrix of all circuits appearing on the system.

Test Alarm Card MMI (TEST ALMCRD MMI)
Tests for the presence of the specified alarm card and does a read
after write test to one dedicated test bit (7).

Test Alarm Controller MMI
Executes a COM-1 loopback test, an individual mux card verification
test, a walking one test, and a walking zero test on all of the
controller's cards in order to test for addressing failures on the
specified alarm controller.

Test Bus Switch (TBS)
Board Used in the Trunk Maintenance Frame (TMF) of the EMX 2500 to
perform space division-metallic switching of the 16-line trunk
maintenance bus. A TBS is is required for every two trunk frames in the
switching system.

Test Calls
Several types of test calls are supported by the EMX software. These
include type 100, 102, 103 and loop around. Refer to the System Recent
Change (SYSRC) section in the EMX Operator's Manual for a definition of
these call types.

Test Diagnostics
Series of diagnostic routines that are available in each processor in
the EMX 2500 system.

Test Driver
Provides a series of tests that are available on the EMX 2500 system,
and provides a message interface for other software subsystems.

Test Equipment Communication Interface-1 (TECI-1)
Board The interface between a communication processor (controlling
processor) and an asynchronous serial peripheral device.

Test Line
See TL102 Test Line, TL1006 Test Line, and TL1009 Test Line.

Test Mobile
A feature used as a tool for the testing of radio channels in the EMX.
It is also used to help in diagnosing problems with the channels.

Test Port (TSTP)
A 4-wire audio port used for testing.

Test Position Data Base
Specifies the equipped status of the test position, the trunk group
number for the TASA trunks used by the test position and the DATBs that
are accessible from the test position.

Test Tone Receiver (TSTR) Card
A special tone receiver card used to detect the presence of a system
test tone as well as its level. This card supports a number of
automated system test features.

Test Trunk Processor (TTP)
Provides the interface to the transmission test unit in the EMX 2500
system. Controls the operation of the transmission test unit by sending
and receiving messages to/from the unit.

Test Trunk Program (TTP)
Resides in the simplex Trunk Test Processor in the ATTS.

TEW
Traffic Engineering Workstation.

TEX
Teleprinter Executive Language

TG
Tone Generator.

TG-1
Board See Tone Generator Board. (Also PCM Tone Generator).

TGEN
Tone Generator

TGI
Tone Group Interface

TGS
Tone Group Synchronizer

TGTSTL
Trunk Group Test Lines.

Third Stage Switch
Functions to switch each channel to the associated outbound PCM/DATA
bus to a selected source.

Three-Party Conference (TPC)
A circuit card optionally mounted in the GMU, SGS, SGE, SNU or SNE used
to provide interconnection of three subscribers on a conference call.
Also used during handoffs in order to prevent loss of audio while the
mobile switches channels.

Threshold Value
The maximum number of IPR reports that will be recorded in one
reporting period. A separate threshold value is defined for each IPR.

Ticketing Records
Include call event data, transfers, handoffs, and subscriber options.
(See your DAS Programmer's Guide in the Operator's Manual for complete
listings of record types and formats.)

TICR
Timer Input Capture Register on AMR microcontroller. Measures fan
tachometer frequencies.

Time Format
HH:MM:SS, a time of day format HH:MM, an elapsed time value.

Time Changes
Manual updates to the Real Time Clock (RTC); formatted messages are
generated and recorded on tape when the RTC is manually updated.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
A multiplexing scheme in which the information from a number of
individual circuits is transmitted over one circuit by allowing
information from each of the individual circuits to be placed on the
common circuit at a particular point (time slot) with respect to a
reference timing signal.

Time-of-Day Clock-1 (TDC-1)
Board Provides time and date data for administrative and maintenance
reporting.

Timer Values
Defines the length of time allowed from the end of a message sent to an
EMX switch or an IS-41 Converter until a Timeout Message is issued.

Time Slot
1) A uniquely defined increment of time or clock period in which data
is transferred. Each time slot is defined by its phase position
relative to the reference clock (timing) signal. See Time Division
Multiplexing. 2) In PDC TDMA systems, a short duration of time assigned
to each user of the RF carrier, used to transmit a voice sample. A full
rate timeslot occupies 6.67 mS.

Time Slot Interchange (TSI)
Card in the Switch Unit (SWU) which repositions digital samples from an
incoming time division multiplexed Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) bus to
affect an audio cross connection.

Timeslot Interchange (TSI) Board
Switches pulse code modulation data between trunk frames.

Timeslot Interchange Subsystem
Refers to the TSI card cage and its resident boards, which include: the
Switch Matrix Processor (SMP), System Timing Generator (STG), Control
Bus Interface (CBI), Switch Matrix Tester (SMT), and Timeslot
Interchange (TSI).

Time Tables
Includes current state, time data and job memory pointer. Time data
consists of:

* Time 00:00:00 through 23:59:59
* Gregorian date MM/DD/YY
* Julian date DDD/YY

Timeout
Indication that an event has not taken place within the expected time
interval and that some remedial action should be taken.

Timing Advance
A function of the physical distance between the BTS and MS. The MS
timing is advanced to maintain coordination with the timeslot as its
distance from the BTS increases.

Timing Bus Failure (CKF)
If an active timing bus fails, the CBI transmits an active low signal
to the SMP. The signal is held active as long as the failure continues.
Information regarding which subsystem reported the failure is available
to the SMP in registers on on the CBI. If the failure cannot be
corrected by switching to alternate facilities, the subsystem reporting
the failure is masked on the CBI to release the CKF signal so that any
other possible failure can be reported.

TIR
Tone Information Receiver

TL
Test Line.

TL102 Test Line
A 102-type test line with a 1004 Hz tone at 0 dBm0 for one-way
transmission measurements.

TL1006 Test Line
A 100-type test line with a 600 ohm termination.

TL1009 Test Line
A 100-type test line with a 900 ohm termination.

TLDN (Temporary Local Directory Number)
A number (alias) used to identify a visiting subscriber for call setup.

TLTM
EMX Terminating Line Trunk Manager Processor. (See Line Trunk Manager
and OLTM.)

TMDS
Tandem Maintenance and Diagnostic System

TMOB
See Test Mobile.

TMF (Transaction Monitoring Facility)
a GUARDIAN operating system software utility program that ensures
database protection and consistency. TMF supports both ENSCRIBE and SQL
database files.

TMF
See Trunk Maintenance Frame.

TMM
See Traffic Metering and Measuring.

TMS
See Trunk Maintenance Subsystem.

TN
Trouble Notification.

Token Ring
A LAN protocol.

Tone Digits
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) tones which have been converted into
digitized format.

Tone Generator (TG-1) Board
Digitally produces the tones required by the EMX 2500 switch. The TG-1
board has the ability to add two or more tones with the attenuation of
each individually programmable. The output consists of a 32-channel
1.048 Mbps data port which is directly compatible with the MUX Tone
input port. Provisions are included for an input message port that can
be internally multiplexed into the tone data stream.

Tone Generator (TGEN)
A device that generates tones.

Tone Group Interface (TGI)
The Parallel Differential Interface (PDI) card used in the Group
Multiplexer Unit (GMU) to interface the Tone Signaling Unit (TSU). See
Parallel Differential Interface.

Tone Group Synchronizer (TGS)
The card located in the Tone Signaling Unit (TSU) that serves as the
interface for the TSU. The TGS collects samples from the tone
generators in the TSU to be sent to the TGI and also receives samples
from the TGI to be sent to the receivers in the TSU.

Tone Information Receiver (TIR)
Depending upon the system, a card in the Switch Control Unit (SCU) or
Switch Control Unit Extension cage (SCE) that serves as the interface
to the Tone Signaling Unit (TSU). The TIR receives information from
TSUs as to what tomes have been detected by which receivers. This
information is then read by the SCU.

Tone Receiver (TRCV)
A device that decodes the presence of tones.

Tone Receiver/Generator Assignments
Instructions that tell the Tone Signaling Unit (TSU) which tone pairs
should be sent to the Switch Control Unit (SCU).

Tone Receiver Interface Card (TRIC)
A card in the Network Signaling Unit (NSU) that interfaces the trunk
signaling tone receivers to the Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) switch bus
and processes alarm reports.

Tone Receiver-1/Mod 1 (TR-1)
Board This board accurately detects the PCM equivalent call progress
tones. It is a special application of the basic tone receiver that is
used for answer supervision.

Tone Receiver-1 Mod 3 (TR-1)
Board This board accurately detects the PCM equivalent of MF digit tone
pairs and reports valid digits to its controlling processor in a form
the controlling processor can understand.

Tone Signaling Unit (TSU)
Card cage and its complement of cards which provides for generation and
detection of system tones in digital form.

Tones
See Audible Signal.

Topology
Structure of a network.

Topology List
A list of neighbor sectors that are possible candidates to receive a
handover.

Total Access Communications System (T.A.C.S.)
Motorola mobile/portable radiotelephone system as implemented in Europe
and compatible systems.

Touch-Code
A Motorola trademark used to identify Motorola's use of tone-pairs to
generate DTMF address signals. See Dual Tone Multi-Frequency.

Touch Tone
An AT&T registered trademark used by the Bell System to describe their
method of using tone-pairs to generate DTMF address signals. See Dual
Tone Multi-Frequency.

TP
Twin Processor

TPC
Three Party Conference.

TPFM
Twin Processor Fault Management

TPC 1
Three-Party Conference. 2. Three-Party Calling.

TPL
Twin Processor Link

TPWR
Twin Processor Power

TR-1 Board
See Tone Receiver-1/Mod 1 Board.

Track
Consists of the blocks at a specific radius on the recording surface of
an EMX 2500 system disk.

Tracking
A measure of how accurately a reconstructed analog waveform compares
with the original analog signal that was digitally encoded.

Traffic
The volume of telephone calls that are passed through a telephone
exchange or other facility during a specified period. See
Grade-of-Service, Erlang, and CCS.

Traffic Area
In Nordic systems, a group of base station areas where calls to mobile
stations are sent out simultaneously.

Traffic Channel (TC)
In Nordic systems, a radio channel which is used for, or currently in
use for carrying or originating voice traffic. See Call Channel (CC).

Traffic Circuit
Carries PCM voice traffic between the MSC and MS.

Traffic Metering and Measuring Subsystem (TMM)
provides system tools to be used by traffic engineering and switch
maintenance personnel to determine if the system is engineered and
operating properly. TMM reports are provided for trunk circuits, trunk
groups, service circuits, call routing and miscellaneous system data.

Trailer Record
Record indicating the total number of blocks and records on the tape
and the time the tape was changed. A trailer at midnight is automatic;
a trailer at the end of the tape must be generated manually.

Transceiver
Transmitter plus receiver. When applied to cell site equipment, a
transceiver converts voice and data signals to or from modulated RF
signals. For the downlink path, performs TCH or CCH data coding,
scrambling, encryption, interleaving and building the TDMA slot
structure. For the uplink path, this process is reversed.

Transceiver (XCVR)
Card Located in the RF Modem Transceiver Shelf for TDMA systems. XCVR
cards route TX and RX RF signals. TX signals are received from the GLI
and sent to the TX Matrix card. Duplex RX signals are received from the
RX Matrix card, combined, and sent to the GLI. The XCVR controller
provides link management, call processing functions, and fault
management for the XCVR card. The FEC block performs channel coding for
the uplink and downlink paths.

Transceiver Shelf
Located in the RF Modem for TDMA systems. Houses equipment that
performs traffic and control channel conversions between CBSC digital
information and RF signals. Includes RX and TX matrix cards, GLIs, MIO,
and up to 24 XCVR cards, arranged in two subshelves, A and B.

Transcoder Cabinet (XC)
The SC 9600 equipment frame housing the subsystem transcoding function,
traffic channel concentration function, and network interfaces. Part of
the CBSC. Translates between the PCM 64 Kbps audio of the MSC and VSELP
digitized audio of the MS. Provides switching connections between the
MSC and MSs, and assists in handover functions. Performs timeslot
grooming and configures communication links. Also provides optional
echo cancellation. Contains up to two XC shelves and various cards
(AMR, BIB and T43IB).

Transcoder (XCDR)
Card Performs speech encoding and decoding. Monitors traffic channels
to minimize audio interruption during handover. Interfaces up to 24 64
Kbps PCM conversations from the MS. Optionally provides echo
cancellation.See XCDR.

Transient Call
A call that is actively being processed by the system; the call is
either an originating, terminating, hand-off, or a stable call
undergoing feature-activated state change (e.g., 3-way calling adding
the third party to the conversation).

Transit Call
A call made between two EMX systems, usually using a dedicated trunk
between the two systems.

Transit Trunk
A dedicated trunk, either one- or two-way, between two EMX systems that
is used to handle calls and data flow between the two systems.

Transit Trunk Circuit
A communication path between two switches.

Translated Digits
Dialed digits which nave been analyzed for cut through codes by
Subscriber Number Analysis Process (SNAP) which are processed and
verified as being valid numbers.

Translation
A conversion of data into another form. Translation usually means digit
translation. This can be separated into inward and outward
translations. Inward translations build a directory number from an
input digit string. Outward translations decide where to route the
call.

Translation Data
Information processed by Subscriber Number Analysis Process (SNAP)
software that provides translated digits, verified feature options,
cut-through codes, and paging data to other call processing software.

Translation Memory
External memory that resides on the translator's bus on which the
subscriber files, routing data base, etc., are stored.

Translation Processor (TRP)
Consists of dual MP processors and is a slave to the Call Processing
Manager Extension. The TRP performs data base translations, as
required.

Translation Processor Manager (TRP-M)
Same as Translation Processor.

Translations
Messages generated by Subscriber Number Analysis Process (SNAP)
software as a result of analyzing dialed digits.

Transmitter Bay
A bay of the DYNA TAC base station suite which accommodates the
transmitter equipment for up to 8 voice channels. The transmitter bay
includes the reference oscillator, distribution amplifier, SAT
generator, exciter modules, cavity filters, 10-channel junction, and
harmonic filter.

Transmitter Exciter Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to provide the modulation for the
voice and signaling channels. The output of the exciter is the actual
transmitted frequency for the voice or signaling channel.

TRCV
Tone Receiver

TRIC
Tone Receiver Interface Card

Treatment
The action taken by the electronic mobile exchange in the conditioning
and/or the selection of circuits as a result of analysis of the class
of service required for a particular subscriber.

TRP
See Trunk Test Processor/Translation Processor.

TRP-M
See Translation Processor Manager.

TRP-MEM
See Translation Memory.

Trunk (TRNK)
1) A connection between an EMX system and a Central Office or another
EMX system. Trunks are classified by the direction (in, out, or
two-way) or by usage (transit). Each trunk is assigned a unique number.
2) One of a group of interoffice circuits shared by a large class of
users. An in-trunk terminates at the office to which it is incoming. An
out-trunk originates at the office from which it is outgoing. A two-way
trunk is used on a per call basis in either direction. (3) A single
64-kbps voice or data channel on a given span line between the CBSC and
MSC.

Trunk Group
A logical grouping of telephone circuits entering an EMX switch from a
specific location (e.g., another EMX switch or telephone office). A
trunk member is a circuit within a trunk group. Each member has the
same characteristics within a group.

Trunk Group/Member Number
The logical group of telephone lines entering an EMX from a specific
location (e.g., another EMX or telephone office). A trunk member is a
single line within a trunk group. Each member has the same
characteristics within a group.

Trunk Maintenance Frame (TMF)
This frame contains the trunk test equipment.

Trunk Maintenance Subsystem (TMS)
This subsystem controls the trunk test equipment and provides the
operator interface for manual/automatic modes of operation.

Trunk Manager
See Line Trunk Manager.

Trunk Signaling
Interoffice signaling; either dial pulse or MF.

Trunk Test Processor (TRP)
Monitors the transmission measurement set test data outputs from the
maintenance test frame and interfaces dedicated and supporting software
to accomplish automatic trunk testing.

Trunk Test Subsystem
Provides a detailed procedure to test EMX 2500 trunk circuits for
conformance to transmission requirements.

TRUNKS
IPR log type for trunk circuit IPRs.

Truth Table
A table or chart used to show the relationships between inputs and
outputs for logic circuits.

TSI
Time Slot Interchange. The interchange of timeslots within a TDM
stream. Defines the communication path switch point on the GLI between
the span line and the XCVR, or between other GLIs or between span
lines.

TSI Board
See Time Slot Interchange Board. Also the acronym for Matrix Timeslot
Interchange.

TSI Card
Test Subscriber Interface card. Optional, part of RFDS. Interfaces RFDS
GLI RS485 bus with standard subscriber bus. Communicates command,
control, alarm and EID information with the GLI.

TSIR
Redundant Time Slot Interchange

TSCP
Tandem Service Control Point. A Tandem supplied platform which provides
many standard subsystems and libraries.

TSCP-2000
Tandem Service Control Point, 2000 version.

TSPS
Traffic Service Position System

TSTP
Test Port

TSTR
Test Tone Receiver

TSU
Tone Signaling Unit

TSUP
Tone Signaling Unit Power

TTD
Tandem Telecom Division.

TTE
Trunk Test Equipment. A piece of test gear controlled by the OMCR which
tests signaling paths between the MSC and CBSC.

TTIP
Tandem Telecom Installation Process

TTL
Transistor-Transistor Logic

TTP
See Test Trunk Processor or Test Trunk Program.

TWC (Three Way Calling)
A cellular calling feature which allows a subscriber to make three-way
calls.

Twin Processor (TP)
The hardware aspects of a node. See Node.

Twin Processor Fault Management (TPFM)
Controlling software for the EMX twin processor system. It includes
communications between twin processors, handling of I/O parity errors,
memory parity errors, write protect alarms, watchdog timer alarms, and
other faults that occur within the processing system. Also handles
system configuration and checkpointing (sending non-dynamic data base
changes; e.g., recent change updates from the active processor to the
standby processor).

Twin Processor Link (TPL)
A bi-directional communication path between a pair of processors within
a node which are provided through the PINL cards.

Two-Wire
Line A two-conductor metallic circuit used for one-way or two-way
transmission.

TX
Transmit or transmitter.

TX Combiner
Card Located in the PDC of the RF Modem cabinet. Combines sector
transmit signals from up to four MIO cards and performs 4:1 combining.
Each of the resulting transmit signals are routed to one LPA.

TX Matrix
Card Located in the RF Modem Transceiver Shelf for TDMA systems. Under
control of the XCVR, connects TX signals between the sector LPAs and
the appropriate XCVRs. Receives diversity TX signals from a XCVR
subshelf and combines them to form one signal per sector. The output
signal is routed to the MIO card.

Type I
The MCMC configuration that prompts the callers for DP or SM and
supplies voice mail services through a Voice Mail Bank internal to the
MCMC.

Type II
The MCMC configuration that prompts the callers for DP or SM and
supplies access to an external Voice Mail Bank to leave voice mail
messages.

Type III
The MCMC configuration that uses an external Voice Mail Bank to accept
caller's DP, SM, or voice mail, then forwards pages to the MCMC for
transmission to the appropriate MCMC subscriber.

* Type 43 DL
* Interconnect Board Part of the XC. Terminates span line cables for the
transcoder, interfacing external span lines and the MSIs. Mounted on
top of the XC cabinet. Provides twelve unbalanced 75-ohm lines coupled
to the MSI through transformers.

+---+
| U |
+---+

U-Law
PCM Logarithmic companding algorithm used for speech coding in the
U.S.A.

UA
Unnumbered Acknowledge.

UART
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

UBT
Universal Bus Terminator.

UBT-1
Board See Universal Bus Terminator Board.

UDC
Disk/Tape Copy Utility.

UDF
See Disk File Utility.

UDI
See Disk Initialization Utility.

UDL
See Disk Directory List Utility.

UDX
See Disk Examine Utility.

UI
User Interface. The textual menu driven interface used in the MC to
administer and/or access MCMC services.

UID
User ID.

Unacknowledged Alarm
Only one alarm per log type and alarm class may be in the ON state at a
time. An unacknowledged alarm is an alarm which has not yet been
resolved or acknowledged and which has been followed by another alarm
which is now ON.

Underlay
For the Special Product: Overlay/Underlay; indicates the larger (outer)
cell of an overlay/underlay pair.

Unipolar
Refers to one polarity. In digital systems, unipolar pulses are
generated and used within the equipment, but are seldom transmitted
over cables or other transmission media.

Unit
A group of functionally related hardware (e.g., a card cage).

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
A Large Scale Integration (LSI) device which receives and sends a
serial bit stream and performs serial-to-parallel and
parallel-to-serial conversion.

Universal Bus Terminator (UBT-1-or BT1)
Board Satisfies the needs for bus termination and testing, clock and
frame testing/ arbitration, and support for digital output operations.
Provides test capability, arbitration, and electrical termination for
microprocessor control buses.

Universal Tone Generator (UTG)
A card in the Network Signaling Unit (NSU) that digitally generates
progress tones, test tones and trunk signaling tones.

Universal Total Access Communications System (U-T.A.C.S.)
A Total Access Communications System (T.A.C.S.) covering a frequency
range of 890-905 MHz (Receiving), and 925-950 MHz (Transmitting). Also
see DYNA TAC and T.A.C.S.

UNIX
The operating system used in the MM and OMC-R.

UPCH
User Packet Channel. A common access RF channel providing
point-to-multipoint bi-directional signaling up- and downlink. Used for
transfer of user packet data.

Uplink
The direction from the MS to PSTN (through the BSS, MM, and MSC), taken
by control and audio/traffic signals in a cellular system.

Upload
The process of transferring data from a source to a destination.

USC
User Specified Channel, such as the ACCH, SACCH or FACCH.

U-T.A.C.S
See Universal Total Access Communications System.

UNREL
Unreliable

USSI
Uplink Signal Strength Indicator.

Utilization
The amount of time a resource is in use over a given time interval.

+---+
| V |
+---+

Vacant Code Group
An office code which does not exist within a certain area code.

Vacant Mobile ID
A mobile ID whose position in the block of subscriber information is
unused.

Valid Foreign File
In subscriber recent change (SIM), this file contains individual
mobile-IDs from other mobile telephone systems that are to be given
some degree of service.

Variable Charge Rate
A purchasable Special Product which lets the EMX 2500 increment a
mobile's Charge Meter with a rate that varies depending on a number of
factors. These factors include dialed digits, type and time of day,
source group, OCOS, TCOS, and more. Also see Fixed Charge Rate.

VC
Voice Channel

VCC
Voice Channel Controller

VCO
Voltage Controlled Oscillator

VCP
Voice Channel Processor (part of BSC)

VCXO
Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator.

VDT
Volume Data Transfer. An API import/export function used to transfer
blocks of data from one device to another.

VF
Voice Frequency.

VGI
Voice Group Interface (board)

VGU
Voice Group Unit

Visual Alarm
The visual alarm panel consists of three lights indicating the three
alarm classes. The blue light indicates a minor alarm; the yellow light
indicates a major alarm, and the red light indicates a catastrophic
alarm. Visual alarms are turned on upon the detection of an alarm and
turned off when the condition is corrected (provided there are no other
alarm conditions present). Visual alarm panels may be in the switch
room or a remote area.

VLD
Valid

VLR (Visitor Location Register)
A database of subscriber identification numbers assigned to subscribers
temporarily registered in a cellular service area outside of their own
home cellular service area.

VM
Voice Mail. Voice mail is saved and played from a subscriber's Voice
Mail Box in the Voice Mail Bank.

VMAC
Voice Mobile Attenuation Code

VMB
Voice Mail Bank. An internal VMB is a component of MCMC. The VMB
manages all voice mail related operations. An external VMB may be
supplied by another vendor is supported in software release 1.2.0.0 and
later.

VME
VERSAbus Module European. A computer backplane definition/physical
sizing standard developed from Motorola's VERSAbus design in 1981.

VMN
Voice Mail Notification. The notification from the VMB that a
subscriber has VM.

VNL
AT&T Via Net Loss Plan

Vocoder
Voice encoder/decoder. A device used to compress the
frequency-bandwidth requirement of voice communications, using a speech
compression algorithm such as VSELP. The vocoder in the XC performs PCM
transcoding between PCM and VSELP, while the vocoder in the MS performs
encoding/decoding between voice and VSELP.

Voice Channel
In DYNA TAC systems, a channel on which a voice conversation occurs and
on which brief digital messages may be sent from a land station to a
mobile station or from a mobile station to a land station.

Voice Channel Controller (VCC)
In the LD base station, used to control the cell site voice channel
transceivers and scanning receiver. Can interface with up to 30 RF
channels, voice and signaling.

Voice Channel Processor (VCP)
In DYNA TAC systems, the VCP controls up to eight voice channels and
the mobiles using them. The VCP interfaces to each voice channel
through an Audio Board (AUD). It sends messages to mobiles under SCP
control, and decodes and corrects messages from mobiles over the
appropriate voice channel. The VCP controls voice transmitters and
voice channel receive antenna selection.

Voice Group
The designation given to the encoded channels of a PCM span line. The
number of channels associated with a voice group is usually either 24
or 30.

Voice Group Interface (VGI-24 or VGI-30)
Each VGI card interfaces a 24- or 30-channel bank, or PCM span line to
redundant Group Multiplexer (GMX) card buses at TTL level.

Voice Group Unit (VGU)
A PCM channel bank. Either 30-channel (CCITT Rec. G.732) or 24-channel
(CCITT Rec. G.733) units may be used although they may not be
intermixed on the same EMX; provides D/A and A/D conversion for the
EMX.

Voice I-F Module
Used in the DYNA TAC base station to combine the outputs from the two
strongest sectors (from the matrix module) using maximal-ratio
combining techniques and detect the desired audio signal.

Voice Mail Box
A VMB location that saves messages for a particular MCMC subscriber.

Voice Mobile Attenuation Code (VMAC)
In DYNA TAC systems, indicates the mobile station power level
associated with the designated voice channel. See Numeric Information.

Voice Operated Gain Adjusting Device (VOGAD)
In some systems, used in the land-to-mobile path to provide a constant
volume output for a wide range of voice inputs.

Voice Privacy
A system in which analog voice signals are scrambled for transmission
to prevent casual eavesdropping. Mobile units must be equipped with
Voice Privacy Devices to use this feature. Also see Voice Privacy
Devices.

Voice Privacy Device (VPD)
A device attached to a mobile telephone which is used to scramble voice
transmissions, and unscramble received voice signals.

Voice Privacy Loop
A connection made at the MTSO to enable land lines to communicate with
voice privacy mobiles. A voice privacy call is routed through a Voice
Privacy Trunk, and back to the EMX, before proceeding to the land or
mobile trunk. Voice signals from the mobile are unscrambled before
being transmitted to land lines; land voice signals are scrambled
before being transmitted to mobiles. Not needed for mobile-to-mobile
voice privacy calls.

Voice Privacy Trunk
A trunk equipped with a voice privacy scrambler.

Volatile Memory
A storage element whose contents are destroyed when power is removed.

VOLSER
The identifier for a tape volume (volume serial number). It can be six
or fewer characters in length.

Volume
See Tape Volume.

Volume Serial Number (VOLSER)
The identifier for a tape volume. It can be a six or less characters in
length.

VOX
Voice Operated Transmission

VP
Vocoder Processor. Located on the XCDR. Encodes and decodes a single
voice channel.

VPCT
Common Channel Signaling Voice Path Continuity Test

VPD
See Voice Privacy Device.

VPR
Voice Privacy.

VRI
Voice Response Interface.

VRS
Voice Retrieval System.

VRU Voice Response Unit
A component of MCMC which provides voice processing of a caller's
requests. Voice processing involves playing voice recorded menu options
to the caller. The caller then selects a menu option by pressing a
digit on a DTMF capable phone

VSELP
Vector Sum Excited Linear Predictive speech compression algorithm.

VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. The absolute value of the antenna
impedance, normalized to that of the RF transmission line (i.e., 50
ohms).

VVA
Voltage Variable Attenuator.

+---+
| W |
+---+

Warm Load
The process involved with loading system software while the EMX
system is operating.

Watchdog Timer (WDT)
Refers to a circuit commonly used to monitor the operation of activity
to insure that the activity is completed within the expected time.

Wait For Overhead Message (WFOM)
In DYNA TAC systems, identifies whether a mobile station must wait for
an overhead message train before accessing a system on a reverse
control channel. See Numeric Information.

WAN
Wide Area Network.

WDT
Watch Dog Timer

WFOM
Wait For Overhead Message. Identifies whether a mobile station must
wait for an overhead message train before accessing a system on a
reverse control channel. See Numeric Information.

WiLL Wireless Local Loop

Wink Start
A type of trunk signaling where the receiver transmits a pulse to the
transmitter informing the transmitter that the receiver is ready to
accept incoming data.

Wireline
(1) The public switched telephone network. (2) A cellular carrier that
is the same company as the local telephone company.

WiSC
WiLL System Controller

World Number
Defined format for any telephone number (e.g., 1-312-555-1212 in the
North American Dial Plan; see following). Through international
agreement, the world number is limited to a maximum of 12 digits.

* 1 Country Code 1 to 3 digits
* 312 Numbering Plan Area Code 1 to 5 digits
* 555 Exchange Code 1 to 5 digits
* 1212 Line Number usually 4 digits

Write
To introduce data, usually into some form of storage device or medium,
such as Random Access Memory (RAM) or magnetic tape.

WS
Work Station.

+---+
| X |
+---+

X
A decimal digit from 0 to 9.

X.25
An international signalling standard for connecting cellular
communications switching systems to a network by means of packet
switching.

X25AM
X.25 Access Method

XALM
External Alarm Input

XC
See Transcoder Cabinet.

XC PC
Transcoder Personal Computer.

XC Shelf
Transcoder shelf. Part of the XC cabinet. Includes most of the XC
cards: XCDR, MSI, GPROC, KSW, GCLK, CLKX, BTC, LANX, and KSWXs.

XCDR Card See Transcoder Card
Performs speech encoding and decoding. Monitors traffic channels to
minimize audio interruption during handover. Interfaces up to 24 64
Kbps PCM conversations from the MS. Optionally provides echo
cancellation.

XCLINK FEP
XC control link.

XCVR
Card See Transceiver Card.

XLT
Combined Transponder Test.

X-Sector
External Sector. A sector managed by an MM outside the OMC-R subsystem.

XSECTOR
X-Sector.

X-Terminal
Terminals that provide the graphical user interface and communicate
with the MMI processor via Ethernet. Connected via LAN to the MMI
processor for use by an operator.

XTERM
X-terminal.

XXXX
Station code (line number). Last 4 of the 10 digits in the North
American Dialing Plan.

+---+
| Y |
+---+

YP
Yellow Pages.

+---+
| Z |
+---+

Z8000
A Zilog 16-bit microprocessor. The microprocessor upon which the EMX
2500 is based.

Zilog
Zilog, Inc., Campbell California. Supplier of the Z8000 microcomputers
and related chips.

Zone Page
Used in the Special Product: Custom Roaming. A method of paging in
which pages are issued in all EMXs and paging areas in the subscriber's
roam package. Also see Directed Page.

ZPROC
Processor

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Any Questions? Comments? email:

pimp@dope.org

[ END THE CELLULAR GLOSSARY SEKSHUN ONE ]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

+---------------------------------------------------+

sekshun two
news for and about the underground

+---------------------------------------------------+

EPHEDRA MAY GET GANKED FOR GOOD!!
11/07/97

Ephedra is an herb which is used for dieting and for stimulation.
For years people have used it for many reasons. Years back, the
chicago scene recognized it for it's stimulating effects almost giving
a "rolling effect". This was experimented with about two years ago
by people in the pimp crew and it worked slightly. Taking enough of
this herb will make you feel a little different and it is even known
to help induced lucid dreaming. This is a completely legal herb sold
in most health food and gnc stores. This herb has also been used in
Herbal Ecstasy, a fake, yet slightly working version of the drug MDMA
used in real Ecstasy. It may be true that the uprise of "herbal e"
has led to this accusations and warnings issued by the government.
You can still find herbal ecstasy at most raves in chicago, although
it's popularity is dying out due to the high price for the low roll.
MDMA still proves much more sincere to the effects of ecstasy.

Early this November, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
decided to issue warnings against this herb, and as a result many
stores are pulling it off of their shelf. CNN (Cable News Network)
had a talk show over this to notify the world of these warnings. The
FDA is saying the drug is linked to cardiac (heart) problems and quite
possibly has even lead to some deaths. Since it is not an illegal
substance in any aspect, it has not been banned; but most likely it
will be. CNN actually discussed Ephedra Phen-Phen, or something to
the sort of that name, a drug utilizing Ephedra for dietary purposes.
The FDA felt it will severely damage, if not kill, dieters.
Once again, it's a case of whether or not people should listen to the
government trying to tell you what is right or listening to what you
know personally. Hopefully the choice remains with the people.

[ END NEWS SEKSHUN TWO ]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫
╫ ╫
╫ the following boards listed hold true to the scene and if you ╫
╫ are deep into h/p and the likes, i suggest you give them a call. ╫
╫ some are gone and i haven't kept up with all of them.. most ╫
╫ should be all good. ╫
╫ ╫
╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫

Apocalypse 2000 - H/P/Punk/Ska/Rave/home of the PIMPS!
+1-847-831-0484 - *NO* ratio. 1 gig online.

hit the Apoc2k home page! http://www.dope.org/fringe/apoc.html

The Centre' - H/P, more than a gig online plus cd's.
luthor - the supapimp sysop
+1-207-INVITE

Poison Pen - H/P, *NO* ratio
+1-847-966-2095

Moo 'n' Oink - H/P
**(847) toast**

Microcosm - H/P turned art...
+1-904-484-5548

Underworld 96
**(514) toast**

Aneurysm - H/P - NUP: Discipline
+1-514-458-9851

Last Territory - H/P
+1-514-565-9754

Linoleum - H/P
**(704) toast**

Hacker's Haven - H/P
+1-303-343-4053

Digital Disturbance - H/P
**(516) toast**

Hacker's Hideaway - H/P
+1-416-534-0417

TOTSE - H/P and crazy other amounts of info
+1-510-935-5845

The Switchboard - H/P
**(+31) toast**

Arrested Development - H/P
**(+31) toast**

----- If you would like your board listed here and it reflects the h/p
scene, please email:

pimp@dope.org

----- If you'd like to write for PIMP, you can send any and all worx
      to

pimp@dope.org

      all worx will be looked at and considered.  all credit is always
      going to be given to whomever the giver is, unless you would 
      rather not be known.  issue fifteen, toastiez.

GO BACK..