package GD;# Copyright 1995 Lincoln D. Stein.  See accompanying README file for# usage informationrequire 5.00323;require FileHandle;require Exporter;require DynaLoader;require AutoLoader;use strict;use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT $AUTOLOAD);$VERSION = "1.18";@ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);# Items to export into callers namespace by default. Note: do not export# names by default without a very good reason. Use EXPORT_OK instead.# Do not simply export all your public functions/methods/constants.@EXPORT = qw(    gdBrushed    gdDashSize    gdMaxColors    gdStyled    gdStyledBrushed    gdTiled    gdTransparent    gdTinyFont    gdSmallFont    gdMediumBoldFont    gdLargeFont    gdGiantFont);sub AUTOLOAD {    # This AUTOLOAD is used to 'autoload' constants from the constant()    # XS function.  If a constant is not found then control is passed    # to the AUTOLOAD in AutoLoader.    my($constname);    ($constname = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*:://;    my $val = constant($constname, @_ ? $_[0] : 0);    if ($! != 0) {    if ($! =~ /Invalid/) {        $AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = $AUTOLOAD;        goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD;    }    else {        my($pack,$file,$line) = caller;        die "Your vendor has not defined GD macro $pack\:\:$constname, used at $file line $line.\n";    }    }    eval "sub $AUTOLOAD { $val }";    goto &$AUTOLOAD;}bootstrap GD;# Preloaded methods go here.sub GD::gdSmallFont {    return &GD::Font::Small;}sub GD::gdLargeFont {    return &GD::Font::Large;}sub GD::gdMediumBoldFont {    return &GD::Font::MediumBold;}sub GD::gdTinyFont {    return &GD::Font::Tiny;}sub GD::gdGiantFont {    return &GD::Font::Giant;}# This is a C callbacksub GD::Image::newFromGif {    croak("Usage: newFromGif(class,filehandle)") unless @_==2;    my($class,$fh) = @_;    unless (ref $fh or ref(\$fh) eq 'GLOB') {    my($package) = caller;    no strict;    $fh = *{"$package\::$fh"};    }    binmode($fh);    $class->_newFromGif($fh);}sub GD::Image::newFromXbm {    croak("Usage: newFromXbm(class,filehandle)") unless @_==2;    my($class,$fh) = @_;    unless (ref $fh or ref(\$fh) eq 'GLOB') {    my($package) = caller;    no strict;    $fh = *{"$package\::$fh"};    }    binmode($fh);    $class->_newFromXbm($fh);}sub GD::Image::newFromGd {    croak("Usage: newFromGd(class,filehandle)") unless @_==2;    my($class,$fh) = @_;    unless (ref $fh or ref(\$fh) eq 'GLOB') {    my($package) = caller;    no strict;    $fh = *{"$package\::$fh"};    }    binmode($fh);    $class->_newFromGd($fh);}### The polygon object #### create a new polygonsub GD::Polygon::new {    my $class = shift;    return bless { 'length'=>0,'points'=>[] },$class;}# automatic destruction of the polygonsub GD::Polygon::DESTROY {    my $self = shift;    undef $self->{'points'};}# add an x,y vertex to the polygonsub GD::Polygon::addPt {    my($self,$x,$y) = @_;    push(@{$self->{'points'}},[$x,$y]);    $self->{'length'}++;}# get a vertexsub GD::Polygon::getPt {    my($self,$index) = @_;    return () unless ($index>=0) && ($index<$self->{'length'});    return @{$self->{'points'}->[$index]};}# change the value of a vertexsub GD::Polygon::setPt {    my($self,$index,$x,$y) = @_;    unless (($index>=0) && ($index<$self->{'length'})) {    warn "Attempt to set an undefined polygon vertex";    return undef;    }    @{$self->{'points'}->[$index]} = ($x,$y);    1;}# return the total number of verticessub GD::Polygon::length {    my $self = shift;    return $self->{'length'};}# return the array of vertices.# each vertex is an two-member (x,y) arraysub GD::Polygon::vertices {    my $self = shift;    return @{$self->{'points'}};}# return the bounding box of the polygon# (smallest rectangle that contains it)sub GD::Polygon::bounds {    my $self = shift;    my($top,$bottom,$left,$right) = @_;    $top =    99999999;    $bottom =-99999999;    $left =   99999999;    $right = -99999999;    my $v;    foreach $v ($self->vertices) {    $left = $v->[0] if $left > $v->[0];    $right = $v->[0] if $right < $v->[0];    $top = $v->[1] if $top > $v->[1];    $bottom = $v->[1] if $bottom < $v->[1];    }    return ($left,$top,$right,$bottom);}# delete a vertex, returning it, just for funsub GD::Polygon::delete {    my($self,$index) = @_;    my($vertex) = splice(@{$self->{'points'}},$index,1);    return @$vertex;}# translate the polygon in space by deltaX and deltaYsub GD::Polygon::offset {    my($self,$dh,$dv) = @_;    my $size = $self->length;    my($i);    for ($i=0;$i<$size;$i++) {    my($x,$y)=$self->getPt($i);    $self->setPt($i,$x+$dh,$y+$dv);    }}# map the polygon from sourceRect to destRect,# translating and resizing it if necessarysub GD::Polygon::map {    my($self,$srcL,$srcT,$srcR,$srcB,$destL,$destT,$destR,$destB) = @_;    my($factorV) = ($destB-$destT)/($srcB-$srcT);    my($factorH) = ($destR-$destL)/($srcR-$srcL);    my($vertices) = $self->length;    my($i);    for ($i=0;$i<$vertices;$i++) {    my($x,$y) = $self->getPt($i);    $x = int($destL + ($x - $srcL) * $factorH);    $y = int($destT + ($y - $srcT) * $factorV);    $self->setPt($i,$x,$y);    }}# draws closed polygon with the specified colorsub GD::Image::polygon {    my $self = shift;    my($p,$c) = @_;    $self->openPolygon($p, $c);    $self->line( @{$p->{'points'}->[0]},        @{$p->{'points'}->[$p->{'length'}-1]}, $c);}# These routines added by Winfriend Koenig.sub GD::Polygon::toPt {    my($self, $dx, $dy) = @_;    unless ($self->length > 0) {    $self->addPt($dx,$dy);    return;    }    my ($x, $y) = $self->getPt($self->length-1);    $self->addPt($x+$dx,$y+$dy);}sub GD::Polygon::transform($$$$$$$) {    # see PostScript Ref. page 154    my($self, $a, $b, $c, $d, $tx, $ty) = @_;    my $size = $self->length;    for (my $i=0;$i<$size;$i++) {    my($x,$y)=$self->getPt($i);    $self->setPt($i, $a*$x+$c*$y+$tx, $b*$x+$d*$y+$ty);    }    }sub GD::Polygon::scale {    my($self, $sx, $sy) = @_;    $self->transform($sx,0,0,$sy,0,0);}# Autoload methods go after __END__, and are processed by the autosplit program.1;__END__=head1 NAMEGD.pm - Interface to Gd Graphics Library=head1 SYNOPSIS    use GD;            # create a new image    $im = new GD::Image(100,100);    # allocate some colors    $white = $im->colorAllocate(255,255,255);    $black = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,0);           $red = $im->colorAllocate(255,0,0);          $blue = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,255);    # make the background transparent and interlaced    $im->transparent($white);    $im->interlaced('true');    # Put a black frame around the picture    $im->rectangle(0,0,99,99,$black);    # Draw a blue oval    $im->arc(50,50,95,75,0,360,$blue);    # And fill it with red    $im->fill(50,50,$red);    # make sure we are writing to a binary stream    binmode STDOUT;    # Convert the image to GIF and print it on standard output    print $im->gif;=head1 DESCRIPTIONB<GD.pm> is a port of Thomas Boutell's gd graphics library (seebelow).  GD allows you to create color drawings using a large number ofgraphics primitives, and emit the drawings as GIF files.GD defines the following three classes:=over 5=item C<GD::Image>An image class, which holds the image data and accepts graphicprimitive method calls.=item C<GD::Font>A font class, which holds static font information and used for textrendering.=item C<GD::Polygon>A simple polygon object, used for storing lists of vertices prior torendering a polygon into an image.=backA Simple Example:    #!/usr/local/bin/perl    use GD;        # create a new image    $im = new GD::Image(100,100);    # allocate some colors    $white = $im->colorAllocate(255,255,255);    $black = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,0);           $red = $im->colorAllocate(255,0,0);          $blue = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,255);    # make the background transparent and interlaced    $im->transparent($white);    $im->interlaced('true');    # Put a black frame around the picture    $im->rectangle(0,0,99,99,$black);    # Draw a blue oval    $im->arc(50,50,95,75,0,360,$blue);    # And fill it with red    $im->fill(50,50,$red);    # make sure we are writing to a binary stream    binmode STDOUT;    # Convert the image to GIF and print it on standard output    print $im->gif;Notes:=over 5=item 1.To create a new, empty image, send a new() message to GD::Image, passingit the width and height of the image you want to create.  An imageobject will be returned.  Other class methods allow you to initializean image from a preexisting GIF, GD or XBM file.=item 2.Next you will ordinarily add colors to the image's color table.colors are added using a colorAllocate() method call.  The threeparameters in each call are the red, green and blue (rgb) triples forthe desired color.  The method returns the index of that color in theimage's color table.  You should store these indexes for later use.=item 3.Now you can do some drawing!  The various graphics primitives aredescribed below.  In this example, we do some text drawing, create anoval, and create and draw a polygon.=item 4.Polygons are created with a new() message to GD::Polygon.  You can addpoints to the returned polygon one at a time using the addPt() method.The polygon can then be passed to an image for rendering.=item 5.When you're done drawing, you can convert the image into GIF format bysending it a gif() message.  It will return a (potentially large)scalar value containing the binary data for the image.  Ordinarily youwill print it out at this point or write it to a file.  To ensureportability to platforms that differentiate between text and binaryfiles, be sure to call C<binmode()> on the file you are writingthe image to.=back=head1 Method Calls=head2 Creating and Saving Images=over 5=item C<new>C<GD::Image::new(width,height)> I<class method>To create a new, blank image, send a new() message to the GD::Imageclass.  For example:    $myImage = new GD::Image(100,100) || die;This will create an image that is 100 x 100 pixels wide.  If you don'tspecify the dimensions, a default of 64 x 64 will be chosen. Ifsomething goes wrong (e.g. insufficient memory), this call willreturn undef.=item C<newFromGif>C<GD::Image::newFromGif(FILEHANDLE)> I<class method>This will create an image from a GIF file read in through the providedfilehandle.  The filehandle must previously have been opened on avalid GIF file or pipe.  If successful, this call will return aninitialized image which you can then manipulate as you please.  If itfails, which usually happens if the thing at the other end of thefilehandle is not a valid GIF file, the call returns undef.  Noticethat the call doesn't automatically close the filehandle for you.But it does call C<binmode(FILEHANDLE)> for you, on platforms wherethis matters.To get information about the size and color usage of the information,you can call the image query methods described below.    Example usage:    open (GIF,"barnswallow.gif") || die;    $myImage = newFromGif GD::Image(GIF) || die;    close GIF;=item C<newFromXbm>C<GD::Image::newFromXbm(FILEHANDLE)> I<class method>This works in exactly the same way as C<newFromGif>, but reads thecontents of an X Bitmap file:    open (XBM,"coredump.xbm") || die;    $myImage = newFromXbm GD::Image(XBM) || die;    close XBM;Note that this function also calls C<binmode(FILEHANDLE)> beforereading from the filehandle.=item C<newFromGd>C<GD::Image::newFromGd(FILEHANDLE)> I<class method>This works in exactly the same way as C<newFromGif>, but reads thecontents of a GD file.  GD is Tom Boutell's disk-based storage format,intended for the rare case when you need to read and write the imageto disk quickly.  It's not intended for regular use, because, unlikeGIF or JPEG, no image compression is performed and these files canbecome B<BIG>.    open (GDF,"godzilla.gd") || die;    $myImage = newFromGd GD::Image(GDF) || die;    close GDF;Note that this function also calls C<binmode(FILEHANDLE)> beforereading from the supplied filehandle.=item C<gif>C<GD::Image::gif> I<object method>This returns the image data in GIF format.  You can then print it,pipe it to a display program, or write it to a file.  Example:    $gif_data = $myImage->gif;    open (DISPLAY,"| display -") || die;    binmode DISPLAY;    print DISPLAY $gif_data;    close DISPLAY;Note the use of C<binmode()>.  This is crucial for portability toDOSish platforms.=item C<gd>C<GD::Image::gd> I<object method>This returns the image data in GD format.  You can then print it,pipe it to a display program, or write it to a file.  Example:    binmode MYOUTFILE;    print MYOUTFILE $myImage->gd;=back=head2 Color Control=over 5=item C<colorAllocate>C<GD::Image::colorAllocate(red,green,blue)> I<object method>This allocates a color with the specified red, green and bluecomponents and returns its index in the color table, if specified.The first color allocated in this way becomes the image's backgroundcolor.  (255,255,255) is white (all pixels on).  (0,0,0) is black (allpixels off).  (255,0,0) is fully saturated red.  (127,127,127) is 50%gray.  You can find plenty of examples in /usr/X11/lib/X11/rgb.txt.If no colors are allocated, then this function returns -1.Example:    $white = $myImage->colorAllocate(0,0,0); #background color    $black = $myImage->colorAllocate(255,255,255);    $peachpuff = $myImage->colorAllocate(255,218,185);=item C<colorDeallocate>C<GD::Image::colorDeallocate(colorIndex)> I<object method> This marks the color at the specified index as being ripe forreallocation.  The next time colorAllocate is used, this entry will bereplaced.  You can call this method several times to deallocatemultiple colors.  There's no function result from this call.Example:    $myImage->colorDeallocate($peachpuff);    $peachy = $myImage->colorAllocate(255,210,185);=item C<colorClosest>C<GD::Image::colorClosest(red,green,blue)> I<object method>This returns the index of the color closest in the color table to thered green and blue components specified.  If no colors have yet beenallocated, then this call returns -1.Example:    $apricot = $myImage->colorClosest(255,200,180);=item C<colorExact>C<GD::Image::colorExact(red,green,blue)> I<object method>This returns the index of a color that exactly matches the specifiedred green and blue components.  If such a color is not in the colortable, this call returns -1.    $rosey = $myImage->colorExact(255,100,80);    warn "Everything's coming up roses.\n" if $rosey >= 0;=item C<colorsTotal>C<GD::Image::colorsTotal)> I<object method>This returns the total number of colors allocated in the object.    $maxColors = $myImage->colorsTotal;=item C<getPixel>C<GD::Image::getPixel(x,y)> I<object method>This returns the color table index underneath the specifiedpoint.  It can be combined with rgb()to obtain the rgb color underneath the pixel.Example:        $index = $myImage->getPixel(20,100);        ($r,$g,$b) = $myImage->rgb($index);=item C<rgb>C<GD::Image::rgb(colorIndex)> I<object method>This returns a list containing the red, green and blue components ofthe specified color index.Example:    @RGB = $myImage->rgb($peachy);=item C<transparent>C<GD::Image::transparent(colorIndex)> I<object method>This marks the color at the specified index as being transparent.Portions of the image drawn in this color will be invisible.  This isuseful for creating paintbrushes of odd shapes, as well as formaking GIF backgrounds transparent for displaying on the Web.  Onlyone color can be transparent at any time. To disable transparency, specify -1 for the index.  If you call this method without any parameters, it will return thecurrent index of the transparent color, or -1 if none.Example:    open(GIF,"test.gif");    $im = newFromGif GD::Image(GIF);    $white = $im->colorClosest(255,255,255); # find white    $im->transparent($white);    binmode STDOUT;    print $im->gif;=back=head2 Special ColorsGD implements a number of special colors that can be used to achievespecial effects.  They are constants defined in the GD::namespace, but automatically exported into your namespace when the GDmodule is loaded.=over 5=item C<setBrush>=item C<gdBrushed>C<GD::Image::setBrush( )> and C<GD::gdBrushed>You can draw lines and shapes using a brush pattern.  Brushes are just images that you can create and manipulate in the usual way. Whenyou draw with them, their contents are used for the color and shape ofthe lines.To make a brushed line, you must create or load the brush first, thenassign it to the image using C<setBrush>.  You can then draw in thatwith that brush using the C<gdBrushed> special color.  It's often useful to set the background of the brush to transparent so that the non-colored parts don't overwrite other parts of your image.Example:    # Create a brush at an angle    $diagonal_brush = new GD::Image(5,5);    $white = $diagonal_brush->allocateColor(255,255,255);    $black = $diagonal_brush->allocateColor(0,0,0);    $diagonal_brush->transparent($white);    $diagonal_brush->line(0,4,4,0,$black); # NE diagonal    # Set the brush    $myImage->setBrush($diagonal_brush);        # Draw a circle using the brush    $myImage->arc(50,50,25,25,0,360,gdBrushed);=item C<setStyle>=item C<gdStyled>C<GD::Image::setStyle(@colors)> and C<GD::gdStyled>Styled lines consist of an arbitrary series of repeated colors and areuseful for generating dotted and dashed lines.  To create a styledline, use C<setStyle> to specify a repeating series of colors.  Itaccepts an array consisting of one or more color indexes.  Thendraw using the C<gdStyled> special color.  Another special color,C<gdTransparent> can be used to introduce holes in the line, as theexample shows.Example:    # Set a style consisting of 4 pixels of yellow,    # 4 pixels of blue, and a 2 pixel gap    $myImage->setStyle($yellow,$yellow,$yellow,$yellow,               $blue,$blue,$blue,$blue,               gdTransparent,gdTransparent);    $myImage->arc(50,50,25,25,0,360,gdStyled);To combine the C<gdStyled> and C<gdBrushed> behaviors, you can specifyC<gdStyledBrushed>.  In this case, a pixel from the current brushpattern is rendered wherever the color specified in setStyle() isneither gdTransparent nor 0.=item C<gdTiled>Draw filled shapes and flood fills using a pattern.  The pattern isjust another image.  The image will be tiled multiple times in orderto fill the required space, creating wallpaper effects.  You must callC<setTile> in order to define the particular tile pattern you'll usefor drawing when you specify the gdTiled color.details.=item C<gdStyled>The gdStyled color is used for creating dashed and dotted lines.  Astyled line can contain any series of colors and is created using theC<setStyled> command.=back=head2 Drawing Commands=over 5=item C<setPixel>C<GD::Image::setPixel(x,y,color)> I<object method> This sets the pixel at (x,y) to the specified color index.  No valueis returned from this method.  The coordinate system starts at theupper left at (0,0) and gets larger as you go down and to the right.You can use a real color, or one of the special colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed can be specified.Example:    # This assumes $peach already allocated    $myImage->setPixel(50,50,$peach);=item C<line>C<GD::Image::line(x1,y1,x2,y2,color)> I<object method>This draws a line from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) of the specified color.  Youcan use a real color, or one of the special colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed.Example:    # Draw a diagonal line using the currently defind    # paintbrush pattern.    $myImage->line(0,0,150,150,gdBrushed);=item C<dashedLine>C<GD::Image::dashedLine(x1,y1,x2,y2,color)> I<object method>This draws a dashed line from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) in the specifiedcolor.  A more powerful way to generate arbitrary dashed and dottedlines is to use the setStyle() method described below and to draw withthe special color gdStyled.Example:    $myImage->dashedLine(0,0,150,150,$blue);=item C<rectangle>C<GD::Image::rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2,color)> I<object method>This draws a rectangle with the specified color.  (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)are the upper left and lower right corners respectively.  Both real color indexes and the special colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed are accepted.Example:    $myImage->rectangle(10,10,100,100,$rose);=item C<filledRectangle>C<GD::Image::filledRectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2,color)> I<object method>This draws a rectangle filed with the specified color.  You can use areal color, or the special fill color gdTiled to fill the polygonwith a pattern.Example:    # read in a fill pattern and set it    open(GIF,"happyface.gif") || die;    $tile = newFromGif GD::Image(GIF);    $myImage->setTile($tile);     # draw the rectangle, filling it with the pattern    $myImage->filledRectangle(10,10,150,200,gdTiled);=item C<polygon>C<GD::Image::polygon(polygon,color)> I<object method> This draws a polygon with the specified color.  The polygon must becreated first (see below).  The polygon must have at least threevertices.  If the last vertex doesn't close the polygon, the methodwill close it for you.  Both real color indexes and the special colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed can be specified.Example:    $poly = new GD::Polygon;    $poly->addPt(50,0);    $poly->addPt(99,99);    $poly->addPt(0,99);    $myImage->polygon($poly,$blue);=item C<filledPolygon>C<GD::Image::filledPolygon(poly,color)> I<object method>This draws a polygon filled with the specified color.  You can use areal color, or the special fill color gdTiled to fill the polygonwith a pattern.Example:    # make a polygon    $poly = new GD::Polygon;    $poly->addPt(50,0);    $poly->addPt(99,99);    $poly->addPt(0,99);    # draw the polygon, filling it with a color    $myImage->filledPolygon($poly,$peachpuff);=item C<arc>C<GD::Image::arc(cx,cy,width,height,start,end,color)> I<object method>This draws arcs and ellipses.  (cx,cy) are the center of the arc, and(width,height) specify the width and height, respectively.  Theportion of the ellipse covered by the arc are controlled by start andend, both of which are given in degrees from 0 to 360.  Zero is at thetop of the ellipse, and angles increase clockwise.  To specify acomplete ellipse, use 0 and 360 as the starting and ending angles.  Todraw a circle, use the same value for width and height.You can specify a normal color or one of the special colors gdBrushed,gdStyled, or gdStyledBrushed.Example:    # draw a semicircle centered at 100,100    $myImage->arc(100,100,50,50,0,180,$blue);=item C<fill>C<GD::Image::fill(x,y,color)> I<object method>This method flood-fills regions with the specified color.  The colorwill spread through the image, starting at point (x,y), until it isstopped by a pixel of a different color from the starting pixel (thisis similar to the "paintbucket" in many popular drawing toys).  Youcan specify a normal color, or the special color gdTiled, to flood-fillwith patterns.Example:    # Draw a rectangle, and then make its interior blue    $myImage->rectangle(10,10,100,100,$black);    $myImage->fill(50,50,$blue);=item C<GD::Image::fillToBorder(x,y,bordercolor,color)> I<object method>Like C<fill>, this method flood-fills regions with the specified color,starting at position (x,y).However, instead of stopping when it hits a pixel of a different colorthan the starting pixel, flooding will only stop when it hits thecolor specified by bordercolor.  You must specify a normal indexedcolor for the bordercolor.  However, you are free to use the gdTiledcolor for the fill.Example:    # This has the same effect as the previous example    $myImage->rectangle(10,10,100,100,$black);    $myImage->fillToBorder(50,50,$black,$blue);=back=head2 Image Copying CommandsTwo methods are provided for copying a rectangular region from oneimage to another.  One method copies a region without resizing it.The other allows you to stretch the region during the copy operation.With either of these methods it is important to know that the routineswill attempt to flesh out the destination image's color table to matchthe colors that are being copied from the source.  If thedestination's color table is already full, then the routines willattempt to find the best match, with varying results.=over 5=item C<copy>C<GD::Image::copy(sourceImage,dstX,dstY,srcX,srcY,width,height)> I<object method>This is the simpler of the two copy operations, copying the specifiedregion from the source image to the destination image (the oneperforming the method call).  (srcX,srcY) specify the upper leftcorner of a rectangle in the source image, and (width,height) give thewidth and height of the region to copy.  (dstX,dstY) control where inthe destination image to stamp the copy.  You can use the same imagefor both the source and the destination, but the source anddestination regions must not overlap or strange things will happen.Example:    $myImage = new GD::Image(100,100);    ... various drawing stuff ...    $srcImage = new GD::Image(50,50);    ... more drawing stuff ...    # copy a 25x25 pixel region from $srcImage to    # the rectangle starting at (10,10) in $myImage    $myImage->copy($srcImage,10,10,0,0,25,25);=item C<copyResized>C<GD::Image::copyResized(sourceImage,dstX,dstY,srcX,srcY,destW,destH,srcW,srcH)> I<object method>This method is similar to copy() but allows you to choose differentsizes for the source and destination rectangles.  The source anddestination rectangle's are specified independently by (srcW,srcH) and(destW,destH) respectively.  copyResized() will stretch or shrink theimage to accomodate the size requirements.Example:    $myImage = new GD::Image(100,100);    ... various drawing stuff ...    $srcImage = new GD::Image(50,50);    ... more drawing stuff ...    # copy a 25x25 pixel region from $srcImage to    # a larger rectangle starting at (10,10) in $myImage    $myImage->copyResized($srcImage,10,10,0,0,50,50,25,25);=back=head2 Character and String DrawingGd allows you to draw characters and strings, either in normalhorizontal orientation or rotated 90 degrees.  These routines use aGD::Font object, described in more detail below.  There are fourbuilt-in fonts, available in global variables gdGiantFont, gdLargeFont,gdMediumBoldFont, gdSmallFont and gdTinyFont.  Currently there is noway of dynamically creating your own fonts.=over 5=item C<string>C<GD::Image::string(font,x,y,string,color)> I<Object Method>This method draws a string startin at position (x,y) in the specifiedfont and color.  Your choices of fonts are gdSmallFont, gdMediumBoldFont,gdTinyFont, gdLargeFont and gdGiantFont.Example:    $myImage->string(gdSmallFont,2,10,"Peachy Keen",$peach);=item C<stringUp>C<GD::Image::stringUp(font,x,y,string,color)> I<Object Method>Just like the previous call, but draws the text rotatedcounterclockwise 90 degrees.=item C<char>=item C<charUp>C<GD::Image::char(font,x,y,char,color)> I<Object Method>C<GD::Image::charUp(font,x,y,char,color)> I<Object Method>These methods draw single characters at position (x,y) in thespecified font and color.  They're carry-overs from the C interface,where there is a distinction between characters and strings.  Perl isinsensible to such subtle distinctions.=back=head2 Miscellaneous Image Methods=over 5=item C<interlaced>C<GD::Image::interlaced( )> C<GD::Image::interlaced(1)> I<Object method>This method sets or queries the image's interlaced setting.  Interlaceproduces a cool venetian blinds effect on certain viewers.  Provide atrue parameter to set the interlace attribute.  Provide undef todisable it.  Call the method without parameters to find out thecurrent setting.=item c<getBounds>C<GD::Image::getBounds( )> I<Object method>This method will return a two-member list containing the width andheight of the image.  You query but not not change the size of theimage once it's created.=back=head2 Polygon MethodsA few primitive polygon creation and manipulation methods areprovided.  They aren't part of the Gd library, but I thought theymight be handy to have around (they're borrowed from my qd.plQuickdraw library).=over 5=item c<new>C<GD::Polygon::new> I<class method>Create an empty polygon with no vertices.    $poly = new GD::Polygon;=item C<addPt>C<GD::Polygon::addPt(x,y)> I<object method>Add point (x,y) to the polygon.    $poly->addPt(0,0);    $poly->addPt(0,50);    $poly->addPt(25,25);    $myImage->fillPoly($poly,$blue);=item C<getPt>C<GD::Polygon::getPt(index)> I<object method>Retrieve the point at the specified vertex.    ($x,$y) = $poly->getPt(2);=item C<setPt>C<GD::Polygon::setPt(index,x,y)> I<object method>Change the value of an already existing vertex.  It is an error to seta vertex that isn't already defined.    $poly->setPt(2,100,100);=item C<deletePt>C<GD::Polygon:deletePt(index)> I<object method>Delete the specified vertex, returning its value.    ($x,$y) = $poly->deletePt(1); =item C<toPt>C<GD::Polygon::toPt(dx,dy)> I<object method>Draw from current vertex to a new vertex, using relative (dx,dy) coordinates.  If this is the first point, act likeaddPt().    $poly->addPt(0,0);    $poly->toPt(0,50);    $poly->toPt(25,-25);    $myImage->fillPoly($poly,$blue);=item C<length>C<GD::Polygon::length> I<object method>Return the number of vertices in the polygon.    $points = $poly->length;=item C<vertices>C<GD::Polygon::vertices> I<object method>Return a list of all the verticies in the polygon object.  Eachmembver of the list is a reference to an (x,y) array.    @vertices = $poly->vertices;    foreach $v (@vertices)       print join(",",@$v),"\n";    }=item C<bounds>C<GD::Polygon::bounds> I<object method>Return the smallest rectangle that completely encloses the polygon.The return value is an array containing the (left,top,right,bottom) ofthe rectangle.    ($left,$top,$right,$bottom) = $poly->bounds;=item C<offset>C<GD::Polygon::offset(dx,dy)> I<object method>Offset all the vertices of the polygon by the specified horizontal(dh) and vertical (dy) amounts.  Positive numbers move the polygondown and to the right.    $poly->offset(10,30);=item C<map>C<GD::Polygon::map(srcL,srcT,srcR,srcB,destL,dstT,dstR,dstB)> I<object method>Map the polygon from a source rectangle to an equivalent position in adestination rectangle, moving it and resizing it as necessary.  Seepolys.pl for an example of how this works.  Both the source anddestination rectangles are given in (left,top,right,bottom)coordinates.  For convenience, you can use the polygon's own boundingbox as the source rectangle.    # Make the polygon really tall    $poly->map($poly->bounds,0,0,50,200);=item C<scale>C<GD::Polygon::scale(sx,sy)> I<object method>Scale each vertex of the polygon by the X and Y factors indicated bysx and sy.  For example scale(2,2) will make the polygon twice aslarge.  For best results, move the center of the polygon to position(0,0) before you scale, then move it back to its previous position.=item C<transform>C<GD::Polygon::transform(sx,rx,sy,ry,tx,ty)> I<object method>Run each vertex of the polygon through a transformation matrix, wheresx and sy are the X and Y scaling factors, rx and ry are the X and Yrotation factors, and tx and ty are X and Y offsets.  See the AdobePostScript Reference, page 154 for a full explanation, or experiment.=back=head2 Font UtilitiesGd's support for fonts is minimal.  Basically you have access to ahalf dozen for drawing, and not much else.  However, for futurecompatibility, I've made the fonts into perl objects of type GD::Fontthat you can query and, perhaps someday manipulate.This distribution comes with Jan Pazdziora's bdftogd program, anB<unsupported> utility that can help you convert BDF fonts into GDformat.=over 5=item C<gdSmallFont>C<GD::Font::Small> I<constant>This is the basic small font, "borrowed" from a well known publicdomain 6x12 font.=item C<gdLargeFont>C<GD::Font::Large> I<constant>This is the basic large font, "borrowed" from a well known publicdomain 8x16 font.=item C<gdMediumBoldFont>C<GD::Font::MediumBold> I<constant>This is a bold font intermediate in size between the small and largefonts, borrowed from a public domain 7x13 font;=item C<gdTinyFont>C<GD::Font::Tiny> I<constant>This is a tiny, almost unreadable font, 5x8 pixels wide.=item C<gdGiantFont>C<GD::Font::Giant> I<constant>This is a 9x15 bold font converted by Jan Pazdziora from a sans serifX11 font.=item C<nchars>C<GD::Font::nchars> I<object method>This returns the number of characters in the font.    print "The large font contains ",gdLargeFont->nchars," characters\n";=item C<offset>C<GD::Font::offset>     I<object method>This returns the ASCII value of the first character in the font=item C<width>=item C<height>C<GD::Font::width> C<GD::Font::height>  I<object methods>These return the width and height of the font.    ($w,$h) = (gdLargeFont->width,gdLargeFont->height);=back=head1 Obtaining the C-language version of gdlibgd, the C-language version of gd, can be obtained at URLhttp://www.boutell.com/gd/gd.html.  Directions for installing andusing it can be found at that site.  Please do not contact me for helpwith libgd.=head1 Copyright InformationThe GD.pm interface is copyright 1995, Lincoln D. Stein.  You are freeto use it for any purpose, commercial or noncommercial, provided thatif you redistribute the source code this statement of copyrightremains attached. The gd library is covered separately under a 1994copyright by Quest Protein Database Center, Cold Spring Harbor Labsand Thomas Boutell.  For usage information see the gd documentation atURL    http://www.boutell.com/gd/gd.htmlThe latest versions of GD.pm are available at  http://www.genome.wi.mit.edu/ftp/pub/software/WWW/GD.html  ftp://ftp-genome.wi.mit.edu/pub/software/WWW/GD.pm.tar.gz