This is Info file calc.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input file calc.texinfo. This file documents Calc, the GNU Emacs calculator. Copyright (C) 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the section entitled "GNU General Public License" is included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that the section entitled "GNU General Public License" may be included in a translation approved by the author instead of in the original English. 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Interface 28245 Node: Quick Mode Overview 32633 Node: Keypad Mode Overview 33680 Node: Standalone Operation 37441 Node: Embedded Mode Overview 38072 Node: Other M-# Commands 41690 Node: History and Acknowledgements 46104 Node: Interactive Tutorial 51269 Node: Tutorial 52248 Node: Basic Tutorial 53869 Node: RPN Tutorial 54435 Node: Algebraic Tutorial 68515 Node: Undo Tutorial 78852 Node: Modes Tutorial 84724 Node: Arithmetic Tutorial 100988 Node: Vector/Matrix Tutorial 113366 Node: Vector Analysis Tutorial 113835 Node: Matrix Tutorial 117927 Node: List Tutorial 125155 Node: Types Tutorial 145903 Node: Algebra Tutorial 163966 Node: Basic Algebra Tutorial 164338 Node: Rewrites Tutorial 178745 Node: Programming Tutorial 194510 Node: Answers to Exercises 215152 Node: RPN Answer 1 218728 Node: RPN Answer 2 218968 Node: RPN Answer 3 220593 Node: RPN Answer 4 221655 Node: Algebraic Answer 1 222968 Node: Algebraic Answer 2 223446 Node: Algebraic Answer 3 223885 Node: Modes Answer 1 224686 Node: Modes Answer 2 228183 Node: Modes Answer 3 229297 Node: Modes Answer 4 230667 Node: Arithmetic Answer 1 231705 Node: Arithmetic Answer 2 232626 Node: Vector Answer 1 233171 Node: Vector Answer 2 233771 Node: Matrix Answer 1 234191 Node: Matrix Answer 2 234505 Node: Matrix Answer 3 235272 Node: List Answer 1 237426 Node: List Answer 2 238221 Node: List Answer 3 239879 Node: List Answer 4 240949 Node: List Answer 5 242109 Node: List Answer 6 243416 Node: List Answer 7 243680 Node: List Answer 8 245400 Node: List Answer 9 247953 Node: List Answer 10 250714 Node: List Answer 11 251456 Node: List Answer 12 253266 Node: List Answer 13 256292 Node: List Answer 14 259635 Node: Types Answer 1 261802 Node: Types Answer 2 263090 Node: Types Answer 3 264661 Node: Types Answer 4 265733 Node: Types Answer 5 266373 Node: Types Answer 6 267782 Node: Types Answer 7 269374 Node: Types Answer 8 270416 Node: Types Answer 9 271997 Node: Types Answer 10 272820 Node: Types Answer 11 274435 Node: Types Answer 12 275571 Node: Types Answer 13 276123 Node: Types Answer 14 276359 Node: Types Answer 15 277178 Node: Algebra Answer 1 278085 Node: Algebra Answer 2 278591 Node: Algebra Answer 3 279613 Node: Algebra Answer 4 280475 Node: Rewrites Answer 1 281951 Node: Rewrites Answer 2 283211 Node: Rewrites Answer 3 284603 Node: Rewrites Answer 4 285781 Node: Rewrites Answer 5 287503 Node: Rewrites Answer 6 288056 Node: Rewrites Answer 7 289253 Node: Programming Answer 1 292529 Node: Programming Answer 2 293127 Node: Programming Answer 3 293849 Node: Programming Answer 4 294813 Node: Programming Answer 5 295064 Node: Programming Answer 6 295553 Node: Programming Answer 7 296390 Node: Programming Answer 8 297660 Node: Programming Answer 9 300537 Node: Programming Answer 10 303948 Node: Programming Answer 11 306548 Node: Programming Answer 12 309853 Node: Introduction 310828 Node: Basic Commands 311355 Node: Help Commands 317157 Node: Stack Basics 321698 Node: Numeric Entry 323930 Node: Algebraic Entry 325372 Node: Quick Calculator 330398 Node: Prefix Arguments 333582 Node: Undo 336050 Node: Error Messages 338088 Node: Multiple Calculators 339355 Node: Troubleshooting Commands 340573 Node: Autoloading Problems 341026 Node: Recursion Depth 342009 Node: Caches 343007 Node: Debugging Calc 344238 Node: Data Types 346787 Node: Integers 348057 Node: Fractions 349240 Node: Floats 350091 Node: Complex Numbers 353608 Node: Infinities 354951 Node: Vectors and Matrices 358864 Node: Strings 360546 Node: HMS Forms 363215 Node: Date Forms 364741 Node: Modulo Forms 370643 Node: Error Forms 373853 Node: Interval Forms 377617 Node: Incomplete Objects 382055 Node: Variables 384007 Node: Formulas 386865 Node: Stack and Trail 392934 Node: Stack Manipulation 393391 Node: Editing Stack Entries 397183 Node: Trail Commands 399916 Node: Keep Arguments 403577 Node: Mode Settings 405792 Node: General Mode Commands 406332 Node: Precision 409828 Node: Inverse and Hyperbolic 412610 Node: Calculation Modes 414182 Node: Angular Modes 414725 Node: Polar Mode 415901 Node: Fraction Mode 416548 Node: Infinite Mode 417401 Node: Symbolic Mode 419173 Node: Matrix Mode 420381 Node: Automatic Recomputation 423827 Node: Working Message 424842 Node: Simplification Modes 425956 Node: Declarations 429439 Node: Declaration Basics 429912 Node: Kinds of Declarations 432595 Node: Functions for Declarations 440408 Node: Display Modes 444738 Node: Radix Modes 446460 Node: Grouping Digits 447984 Node: Float Formats 449655 Node: Complex Formats 452544 Node: Fraction Formats 453603 Node: HMS Formats 455367 Node: Date Formats 456684 Node: Date Formatting Codes 457782 Node: Free-Form Dates 462886 Node: Standard Date Formats 465503 Node: Truncating the Stack 466704 Node: Justification 468077 Node: Labels 470804 Node: Language Modes 472043 Node: Normal Language Modes 474328 Node: C FORTRAN Pascal 477687 Node: TeX Language Mode 481244 Node: Eqn Language Mode 486321 Node: Mathematica Language Mode 489917 Node: Maple Language Mode 490950 Node: Compositions 492521 Node: Composition Basics 494034 Node: Horizontal Compositions 498892 Node: Vertical Compositions 500351 Node: Other Compositions 502900 Node: Information about Compositions 505099 Node: User-Defined Compositions 506392 Node: Syntax Tables 511325 Node: Syntax Table Basics 512272 Node: Precedence in Syntax Tables 518349 Node: Advanced Syntax Patterns 519548 Node: Conditional Syntax Rules 523900 Node: Modes Variable 526924 Node: Calc Mode Line 530575 Node: Arithmetic 535357 Node: Basic Arithmetic 536501 Node: Integer Truncation 549175 Node: Complex Number Functions 552814 Node: Conversions 554771 Node: Date Arithmetic 561406 Node: Date Conversions 562436 Node: Date Functions 565916 Node: Business Days 572179 Node: Time Zones 578720 Node: Financial Functions 589610 Node: Percentages 590620 Node: Future Value 593304 Node: Present Value 596070 Node: Related Financial Functions 599635 Node: Depreciation Functions 602445 Node: Definitions of Financial Functions 605061 Node: Binary Functions 610900 Node: Scientific Functions 617238 Node: Logarithmic Functions 618865 Node: Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions 620942 Node: Advanced Math Functions 624294 Node: Branch Cuts 627674 Node: Random Numbers 633952 Node: Random Number Generator 639217 Node: Combinatorial Functions 643907 Node: Probability Distribution Functions 650692 Node: Matrix Functions 654276 Node: Packing and Unpacking 655287 Node: Building Vectors 663809 Node: Extracting Elements 669231 Node: Manipulating Vectors 673465 Node: Vector and Matrix Arithmetic 681362 Node: Set Operations 684518 Node: Statistical Operations 691531 Node: Single-Variable Statistics 692519 Node: Paired-Sample Statistics 700680 Node: Reducing and Mapping 702410 Node: Specifying Operators 703376 Node: Mapping 709571 Node: Reducing 714222 Node: Nesting and Fixed Points 717235 Node: Generalized Products 720708 Node: Vector and Matrix Formats 722316 Node: Algebra 726860 Node: Selecting Subformulas 728179 Node: Making Selections 729009 Node: Changing Selections 734648 Node: Displaying Selections 738407 Node: Operating on Selections 739056 Node: Rearranging with Selections 745031 Node: Algebraic Manipulation 754723 Node: Simplifying Formulas 762362 Node: Default Simplifications 763689 Node: Algebraic Simplifications 776437 Node: Unsafe Simplifications 785444 Node: Simplification of Units 788670 Node: Polynomials 792232 Node: Calculus 801763 Node: Differentiation 802267 Node: Integration 804748 Node: Customizing the Integrator 808159 Node: Numerical Integration 814395 Node: Taylor Series 816364 Node: Solving Equations 817207 Node: Multiple Solutions 818565 Node: Solving Systems of Equations 823705 Node: Decomposing Polynomials 826787 Node: Numerical Solutions 832608 Node: Root Finding 833262 Node: Minimization 836829 Node: Numerical Systems of Equations 839409 Node: Curve Fitting 840756 Node: Linear Fits 841375 Node: Polynomial and Multilinear Fits 846509 Node: Error Estimates for Fits 850599 Node: Standard Nonlinear Models 855247 Node: Curve Fitting Details 862138 Node: Interpolation 875769 Node: Summations 878468 Node: Logical Operations 885607 Node: Rewrite Rules 897190 Node: Entering Rewrite Rules 898561 Node: Basic Rewrite Rules 901410 Node: Conditional Rewrite Rules 903524 Node: Algebraic Properties of Rewrite Rules 907933 Node: Other Features of Rewrite Rules 918688 Node: Composing Patterns in Rewrite Rules 933491 Node: Nested Formulas with Rewrite Rules 938302 Node: Multi-Phase Rewrite Rules 941980 Node: Selections with Rewrite Rules 947384 Node: Matching Commands 950941 Node: Automatic Rewrites 952699 Node: Debugging Rewrites 961159 Node: Examples of Rewrite Rules 962074 Node: Units 966641 Node: Basic Operations on Units 967165 Node: The Units Table 975474 Node: Predefined Units 978130 Node: User-Defined Units 981024 Node: Store and Recall 984348 Node: Storing Variables 984859 Node: Recalling Variables 992560 Node: Operations on Variables 993518 Node: Let Command 997151 Node: Evaluates-To Operator 998850 Node: Graphics 1004399 Node: Basic Graphics 1005557 Node: Three Dimensional Graphics 1009276 Node: Managing Curves 1012294 Node: Graphics Options 1019568 Node: Devices 1025895 Node: Kill and Yank 1033996 Node: Killing From Stack 1034502 Node: Yanking Into Stack 1036262 Node: Grabbing From Buffers 1037256 Node: Yanking Into Buffers 1042727 Node: X Cut and Paste 1045731 Node: Keypad Mode 1047224 Node: Keypad Main Menu 1049295 Node: Keypad Functions Menu 1053798 Node: Keypad Binary Menu 1055017 Node: Keypad Vectors Menu 1056167 Node: Keypad Modes Menu 1059352 Node: Embedded Mode 1061374 Node: Basic Embedded Mode 1061921 Node: More About Embedded Mode 1067925 Node: Assignments in Embedded Mode 1074581 Node: Mode Settings in Embedded Mode 1083099 Node: Customizing Embedded Mode 1088586 Node: Programming 1095598 Node: Creating User Keys 1097468 Node: Keyboard Macros 1100657 Node: Naming Keyboard Macros 1102601 Node: Conditionals in Macros 1105854 Node: Loops in Macros 1109259 Node: Local Values in Macros 1113229 Node: Queries in Macros 1116140 Node: Invocation Macros 1117356 Node: Algebraic Definitions 1118868 Node: Lisp Definitions 1124516 Node: Defining Functions 1126002 Node: Defining Simple Commands 1134382 Node: Defining Stack Commands 1140080 Node: Argument Qualifiers 1144014 Node: Example Definitions 1146335 Node: Bit Counting Example 1146731 Node: Sine Example 1149482 Node: Calling Calc from Your Programs 1153039 Node: Internals 1167317 Node: Data Type Formats 1169104 Node: Interactive Lisp Functions 1176456 Node: Stack Lisp Functions 1179306 Node: Predicates 1188534 Node: Computational Lisp Functions 1197847 Node: Vector Lisp Functions 1210546 Node: Symbolic Lisp Functions 1215570 Node: Formatting Lisp Functions 1241348 Node: Hooks 1247341 Node: Installation 1253437 Node: Reporting Bugs 1272315 Node: Summary 1273977 Node: Key Index 1322204 Node: Command Index 1364372 Node: Function Index 1399348 Node: Concept Index 1430177 Node: Variable Index 1450720 Node: Lisp Function Index 1456421 End Tag Table