The plain base provides the commands that The book describes. (See Appendix B of The book, if you have it around — maybe a library has it — I'm learning from a copy borrowed from the local university's library.)
When it starts, automatically loads3the plain base. This is usually called plain.base, or sometimes only (see subsection for why this works) mf.base, although for those systems concerned (such as UNIX), both file names should really be present.
EmTEX for MS-DOS calls the plain base plain.bas, due to filename truncation.