Pronunciation

This dictionary gives pronunciation for some entries that are neither words found in a standard English dictionary nor obvious compounds thereof. The system, and many of the pronunciations, are taken from the Hacker's Jargon File. Slashes bracket phonetic pronunciations, which are to be interpreted as follows:

1. Syllables are hyphen-separated, except that an accent or back-accent follows each accented syllable (the back-accent marks a secondary accent in some words of four or more syllables). Unaccented words are pronounced with equal accentuation on all syllables (this is common for abbreviations).

2. Consonants are pronounced as in English. The letter `g' is always hard (as in "got" rather than "giant"); `ch' is soft ("church" rather than "chemist"). The letter `j' is the sound that occurs twice in "judge". The letter `s' is always as in "pass", never a z sound. The digraph `kh' is the guttural of "loch" or "l'chaim". The digraph 'gh' is the aspirated g+h of "bughouse" or "ragheap" (rare in English).

3. Uppercase letters are pronounced as their English letter names; thus (for example) /H-L-L/ is equivalent to /aitch el el/. /Z/ may be pronounced /zee/ or /zed/ depending on your local dialect.

4. Vowels are represented as follows:

	a	back, that
 	ah	father, palm (see note)
 	ar	far, mark
 	aw	flaw, caught
 	ay	bake, rain
 	e	less, men
 	ee	easy, ski
 	eir	their, software
 	i	trip, hit
 	i:	life, sky
 	o	block, stock (see note)
 	oh	flow, sew
 	oo	loot, through
 	or	more, door
 	ow	out, how
 	oy	boy, coin
 	uh	but, some
 	u	put, foot
 	y	yet, young
 	yoo	few, chew
 	[y]oo	/oo/ with optional fronting as
 		in `news' (/nooz/ or /nyooz/)
A /*/ is used for the `schwa' sound of unstressed or occluded vowels (the one that is often written with an upside-down `e'). The schwa vowel is omitted in syllables containing vocalic r, l, m or n; that is, `kitten' and `color' would be rendered /kit'n/ and /kuhl'r/, not /kit'*n/ and /kuhl'*r/.

The above table reflects mainly distinctions found in standard American English (that is, the neutral dialect spoken by TV network announcers and typical of educated speech in the Upper Midwest, Chicago, Minneapolis/St.Paul and Philadelphia). However, we separate /o/ from /ah/, which tend to merge in standard American. This may help readers accustomed to accents resembling British Received Pronunciation.

Entries with a pronunciation of `//' are written-only usages.

(04 Oct 1995)