<mathematics> An ordering of a certain number of elements of a given set.
For instance, the permutations of (1,2,3) are (1,2,3) (2,3,1) (3,1,2) (3,2,1) (1,3,2) (2,1,3).
Permutations form one of the canonical examples of a "group" - they can be composed and that you can find an inverse permutation that reverses the action of any given permutation.
A permutation is a bijection.
The number of permutations of r things taken from a set of n is
n P r = n! / (n-r)!where "n P r" is usually written with n and r as subscripts and n! is the factorial of n.
What the football pools call a "permutation" is not a permutation but a combination - the order does not matter.
(10 Apr 1995)