Leaf Miners

Leaf miners can be particularly damaging.  Small flies lay eggs on new foliage, and the larvae feed inside the leaves, which turn brown, and drop prematurely.  Sanitation is the key, so destroy or compost fallen leaves, prune back new growth if possible, and remove any water sprouts.  Spray birch trees with methoxychlor or malathion and holly trees with diazinon or malathion.