Galls

Round, rough-surfaced overgrowths near soil line or graft of plants are crown galls.  They are often caused by a bacterium.

Control by using disease-free stock.  Avoid plant injuries.  Cut galls and infected branches, then burn them.

Cedar-apple galls appear on junipers as orange tentacles attached to a brown ball.  The disease does little harm to junipers but causes a rust on apple trees.  The results: deformed fruit and leaf loss.  To prevent, don't grow junipers near apple trees.