Table of Contents
Table of Contents:

Copyright Notice

Welcome

Getting Started

Features for DOS

Speaker Phone and TAM Features

Caller ID Support

Audio Playback Over the Telephone

QuickTests

Concepts Overview

Understanding the Functions

Understanding the Hardware Platform

Understanding Software

Understanding Device Drivers

Audio Device Driver

Telephony Device Drivers

Games Device Drivers

Understanding Dynamic Resource Allocation

Support for Fax Applications

Modem and Telephony Application Programming Interface (TAPI)

VoiceView Support

Karaoke Support

Connecting Devices to the Adapter

Troubleshooting

Games Support

Introducing Games Support

Using the modem for Games in MS-DOS

Using the modem for DOS Games in Windows 95

Improving Performance of DOS Games in Windows 95

Setting Games Mode

Using Readme Information

Using the Modem

Setting the modem Speed in Windows 95

Setting the modem Speed in DOS

Modem Features

General Features

Data Features

Telephone Features

Fax Features

Using FASTCFG to Update DOS Settings

When to Use FASTCFG

How to Start FASTCFG


Copyright Notice

 IBM Software. (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 1995. All rights reserved. Licensed Material - Property of IBM.

This online manual is copyrighted, and all rights are reserved.  No part of this manual or the products it describes may be reproduced by any means or in any form, without prior written consent in writing from IBM.


Welcome

Getting Started

Concepts Overview

Using Games

Using FASTCFG to Update DOS Settings

Troubleshooting

 Using Readme Information

 Connecting Devices to the Adapter

 Using the Modem

 Using QuickTests


Getting Started

The system is a total multimedia solution for your personal computer.  It consists of the adapter and software.  Together, the adapter and software provide the following functions to applications running on your personal computer:

• A sound system with up to 16-bit 44kHz stereo playback and recording

• Sound Blaster** compatibility using Games support

• A telephony system providing a:

-speaker phone

-telephone answering machine (TAM)

-facsimile (fax) modem

-data modem

To better understand how the system works, read Concepts Overview.


Features for DOS

The system runs under DOS 5.0 or later.  In the DOS environment, the adapter and software provide the capability for you to run applications that use the following:

• Fax and data modem

• Games features


Speaker Phone and TAM Features

 Software includes device drivers that provide the following functions:

• Full duplex speaker phone that enables you to talk and listen on the telephone at the same time using either the  telephone handset, or microphone and speakers

• TAM functions that enable you to record and playback telephone messages locally or remotely


Caller ID Support

The system supports the Caller ID function.  Your telephony application must also support Caller ID and meet the following conditions:

• The receiving party must subscribe to Caller ID services.

• The sending party must not have Caller ID blocked.

Caller ID works with local calls and MAY provide long-distance Caller ID information.


Audio Playback Over the Telephone

The system provides audio playback over the telephone line, including:

• music that plays while a caller is on hold

• WAV audio that plays during a recorded greeting


QuickTests

QuickTests is an application that:

• helps you determine if features are installed correctly

• helps you detemine if features are functioning correctly

• provides a convenient way to view system files

QuickTests runs in Windows 95, Windows 3.x, and Win-OS/2 and tests the following features:

The Audio QuickTest plays an audio clip to the speakers, which verifies that the software is correctly installed and that the speakers are properly connected.

The Modem QuickTest takes the telephone off-hook, which verifies that the modem is correctly installed and that the phoneline is properly connected.

The Microphone QuickTest plays your voice through the speakers to verify that the microphone is connected and functioning properly.

The Telephone Handset QuickTest detects when the handset is picked up and replaced and verifies proper connection.

 The QuickTests' View System Files option allows you to conveniently view the DOS and Windows system files, including AUTOEXEC.BAT, CONFIG.SYS, WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI, MODEM.INI.


Concepts Overview

Select the following headings for information about specific aspects of the adapter and software:

• Understanding Functions

• Understanding the Hardware Platform

• Understanding System Software

• Understanding Device Drivers

• Understanding Dynamic Resource Allocation


Understanding the Functions

The adapter and software provide the following functions:

• Sound Blaster** compatible emulation for games

• Modem data transfer at rates up to 33.6 kbps using the Modem

• Support for Fax Applications

• Modem fax transfer up to 14400 bps using the Modem

• Support for Caller ID

• Modem VoiceView Support

• Support for playing Waveform and MIDI audio

• Modem Karaoke Support


Understanding the Hardware Platform

The hardware platform features a Digital Signal Processor ( DSP) specifically designed to meet the demands of multimedia processing.  A DSP can integrate, on one chip, many of the on-board peripherals required for multimedia applications. Instead of requiring separate cards or physical devices to provide multimedia functions such as fax modem, data modem, and audio support, the DSP (in conjunction with the oftware) can provide all these functions on a single adapter card.


Understanding Software

Software consists of device drivers for Microsoft** Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Operating System/2 Operating System/2* (OS/2*) Warp, and DOS,  as well as system software.  The system software consists of a manager that runs on the PC, a real-time, multitasking operating system, and virtual hardware tasks that run on the DSP and peripheral hardware. These interfaces make the multimedia capabilities of any PC with an adapter and software appear merely as extensions to the operating system.


Understanding Device Drivers

Device drivers are MCI-compliant device drivers that  provide the software interface between the application programs running on the PC and the Manager.   The device drivers include the:

• Games device driver

• Audio device driver

• Telephony device drivers including modem, FAX and TAM device drivers

Application programs call a device driver when they want to access the multimedia functions provided by that device driver.  For example, a fax application calls the FAX device driver when it wants to send or receive a fax.  The device driver then sends a message to the manager, which loads the DSP tasks requested.  The Modem/OS then schedules when each task can run on the DSP.  The task runs and the function is provided to the application program.

When more than one device driver wants to load and run DSP tasks at the same time, the Modem/OS schedules the tasks based on the priority assigned to the driver by the DRA facility.  For more information, read Understanding Dynamic Resource Allocation.


Audio Device Driver

The audio device driver provides the following services:

• Waveform audio services provide recording and playback of PCM waveform audio data.

• MIDI audio services provide support for playback of MIDI data through the internal synthesizer.

• Auxiliary audio device services provide playback of compact disk audio from a CD-ROM disc drive.


Telephony Device Drivers

The telephony device drivers include:

• A FAX device driver that provides fax send and receive functions at transfer rates of up to 14400 bps over voice grade telephone lines and controls your fax modem.

• TAM device drivers for Phone Line and Message control.  The Phone Line device driver controls all operations that involve the telephone line, such as making a call, answering a call, and remotely reviewing or recording a message.  The Message device driver controls the local review and recording of messages.

• A modem device driver that provides modem function enabling you to send and receive data at transfer rates of up to 33.6 kbps over voice grade telephone lines.  The modem device driver supports Hayes** AT and S-register commands. (See the help for the modem for more information.  To access help, Click the Start button, point to Programs, and then point to Modem.  Then  click on Modem Command Reference.)

The FAX and modem device drivers can operate at different levels of service, depending on how many other applications that use the DSP are running at the same time.  These device drivers can operate at a maximum transfer rate of 33600 bps for modem and 14400 bps for fax and a minimum transfer rate of 1200 bps.  The default modem transfer rate is set to 33600 bps to allow rapid transfer.


Games Device Drivers

The games device driver provides Sound Blaster** emulation for games and audio and allows  your computer to work as if a Sound Blaster card is installed.  The games device driver  provides support for:

• Sound Blaster** games

• General MIDI

See Setting Games Mode for more information.


Understanding Dynamic Resource Allocation

Dynamic resource allocation (DRA) is a feature that  reduces conflicts between device drivers competing for DSP resources.  By assigning different priorities to the device drivers, the DRA facility  transparently controls resource allocation and enables device drivers  that would otherwise cause conflicts to run at the same time.

Resource allocation is based on:

• the priority of the device driver entering the system and

• the amount of DSP resources that the driver requires to operate.

DSP resource consumption also corresponds to the level of service provided by the device driver.  Higher levels of service correspond to faster or more complex functions and generally consume more DSP resources than lower levels of service which correspond to slower or simpler functions.  For example, when the modem operates at 33600 bps, the device driver consumes more DSP resources than when it operates at 14400 bps or 2400 bps. Similarly, when the MIDI driver provides 32 voice support, it consumes more DSP resources than when it provides 24 or 16 voice support.

When one device driver is loaded and consuming DSP resources and another device driver attempts to load:

1. The DRA facility evaluates the priority of each device driver and allocates resources.

2. The device driver with higher priority is allowed to operate at the level of service requested.

3. The DRA facility forces the other device driver to reduce its level of service to accommodate the resource needs of the higher priority driver.  In some cases, the DRA facility must force the other device driver to stop temporarily to free sufficient DSP resources.

For example, suppose that the high priority driver is the modem operating at 33600 bps and the lower priority driver is audio providing 24-voice support for MIDI.  The DRA facility allows the  modem driver to operate at 33600 bps and forces the audio driver to reduce its support from 24-voices to 16-voices to 8-voices or suspend as  necessary to free resources.  When the modem driver ceases to consume  as many resources, the DRA facility allows the audio driver to dynamically increase its level of service according to resource  availability to 24-voice support.


Support for Fax Applications

Both Class 1 and Class 2 fax are supported. Your fax application determines the class fax you need.

Class 1 fax relies more on the fax application for control.  However, the applications that use Class 1 often provide additional compression and error correction capabilities, which may result in faster fax transmissions.

Ongoing testing is being conducted to determine the compatibility between  Class 1 and Class 2 fax support and many Class 1 and Class 2 fax applications.


Modem and Telephony Application Programming Interface (TAPI)

Windows 95 applications are supported that require TAPI-UNIMODEM\V and is compatible as a voice, class 1 fax, class 2 fax, and data modem. TAPI and UNIMODEM (a telephony API service provider) support Windows 95 voice, data, and fax applications, such as:

• Microsoft Operator Agent**

• HyperTerminal**

• Microsoft Fax**

The benefit for the user is that TAPI allows an outgoing call or fax to take place while monitoring an incoming call.


VoiceView Support

Alternating voice and data communications are supported through VoiceView**.  This switching allows you to talk on the phone, switch to a temporary data/modem connection, and switch back to your telephone conversation without ever hanging up.  VoiceView always begins with and returns to a telephone conversation in which you pick up the handset.

If you are using TalkShop**, set the application to the modem comm port.   If you are not certain of the correct port, run FASTCFG.

The following VoiceView options are supported:

• VoiceView Data Mode

VoiceView Data Mode operates in half-duplex, allowing one machine to send data at a time.  The sending computer uses the telephone line to transmit data at up to 9.6 Kbps.  During the data transfer, the receiving computer periodically acknowledges receipt of the data.  When the data transmission ends, VoiceView re-establishes the voice signals.

While in data mode, VoiceView mutes both voice signals so the data transmission is not adversely affected.

• VoiceView Modem Data Mode

VoiceView Modem Data Mode operates in full-duplex, allowing both machines to send data simultaneously.  Modem data mode uses the telephone line to transmit data at up to 33.6 kbps.  When the data transmissions end, VoiceView re-establishes the voice signals.


Karaoke Support

Your adapter provides Karaoke support by providing music output to your speakers simultaneously from:

• A music source, such as:

-Your PC's internal CD player

-LINE (which may include an external music source)

• Microphone

You also have the option to record and replay your performance.


Connecting Devices to the Adapter

You can connect the following devices to the adapter:

• Joystick (up to 2 joysticks when you use a joystick Y adapter)

• MIDI devices (when you use a MIDI breakout plug)

• Line input devices, including external CD players, tape players, or other audio playback devices

• Line output devices, including powered speakers or audio recording devices

• Telephony devices, including

-industry standard telephone handset

- headset or microphone

-line for fax or data modem

• Microphone

To view a picture of the connectors on the back of the adapter:

1. Click the Start button, point to Programs, and then point to Modem & Audio.

2. Click on View Connectors.


Handsets are supported that meet the following requirements:

• Analog handset

• DTMF touch-tone generation (no rotary or pulse tone handsets)


Headsets are supported that meet the following requirements:

• Dynamic headset or electret type headset operational with phantom power present at the tip

• Miniature plug (1/8 inch) to attach to the MIC (microphone) port (1/4 inch plugs use a converter)

• Standard miniature plug (1/8 inch) to attach to the OUT (line out) port (1/4 inch plugs require a converter)


Microphones are supported that meet the following requirements:

• Miniature plug (1/8 inch) to attach to the MIC (microphone) port (1/4 inch plugs require a converter)

• Dynamic headset or electret type low impedance (nominal impedance of 600 ohms) microphone operational with phantom power present at the tip


Troubleshooting

If the problem is:	Here's what to do:
I don't hear sound from my audio application when I start the modem.	Set the modem to operate at a lower transfer rate.


Games Support

Introducing Games Support

Using the Modem for Games in DOS

Using the Modem for DOS Games in Windows 95

Setting Games Mode


Introducing Games Support

The modem provides Sound Blaster** compatability for games and audio in native DOS, DOS sessions running under Windows,  DOS sessions running under Windows 95 (MS-DOS prompt and MS-DOS mode).    Games is not an application; it is a driver that allows your computer to work as if a Sound Blaster card is installed.  With the modem, you can play DOS-based games that require a Sound Blaster card.  The modem manages all the high quality digital sound provided by the game.

You can control the capabilites of Games using the FASTCFG utility.   See Setting Games Mode  for more information.


Using the modem for Games in MS-DOS

Most games run in an MS-DOS box under Windows 95.  For best performance, it is recommended that you shutdown to MS-DOS mode from Windows 95 to play games.

When you shutdown to MS-DOS mode, Basic Sound Blaster** emulation is enabled by default. You can also enable General MIDI using the FASTCFG utility. See Setting Games Mode for more information.


Using the modem for DOS Games in Windows 95

In Windows 95, The modem supports Sound Blaster** emulation for games running in:

• an MS-DOS box under Windows 95 or

• MS-DOS mode

To play a Sound Blaster-compatible game from the Windows 95 environment:

1. Click Start and point to Programs.  Then click MS-DOS prompt.

2. At the MS-DOS prompt, type the command to run the game.

For better performance, you can play games in MS-DOS mode.  To do this:

1. Click Start and then click Shutdown.

2. Select Shutdown to MS-DOS mode.

3. At the MS-DOS prompt, type the command to run the game.

Unlike native DOS, you do not have to set the mode for Games running under a Windows DOS session; Windows automatically assigns the Games mode you specify in the application (such as Sound Blaster Pro).

See also

Improving Performance of DOS Games in Windows


Improving Performance of DOS Games in Windows 95

Some DOS games run slower in a Windows 95 MS-DOS box than in MS-DOS mode.   Read the user's guide that accompanies your game for  special instructions about improving performance.  You may also try one or more of the following suggested tips:

• Set the display driver to VGA running at 640x480 rather than a high resolution display.  To change the display driver in Windows 95:

-Click Start

-Point to Settings

-Click Control Panel

-Double-click Display Properties

-Select the Settings file tab

-Move the slide in the Desktop area until it reads 640x480

-Click OK.

• Turn off background music and special sound effects (if your game allows you to do so).

• Close other applications that make use of telecommunications,  telephone answering, or MIDI recording.


Setting Games Mode

The modem configures its games support based on the settings specified in the FASTCFG Utility.  You can configure the modem in the following ways:

• Basic Sound Blaster** emulation, which includes FM Synthesized sound.  With this setting, you can simultaneously operate the 14.4 Kbps modem.

• Sound Blaster Pro with no modem.

• Modem at speeds up to 33.6 kbps

• Sound Blaster applications with General MIDI and no modem.

See Using FASTCFG to Update DOS Settings  for complete information on changing the configuration of the software.


Using Readme Information

The Readme includes last minute information about the adapter and system software.  The Readme also provides:

• Installation information

• Information about what to do before you call for help

Be sure to read the Readme before calling for help.

To view the Readme:

1. Click the Start button, point to Programs, and then point to Modem & Audio.

2. Click on Readme.


Using the Modem

Modem Features

Setting Modem Speed in Windows 95

Setting Modem Speed in DOS

VoiceView Support

The modem is a fax and data modem that runs in the Windows 95, Windows NT, DOS, Windows 3.11, Win-OS/2, and OS/2 Warp   operating environments. The modem starts automatically when DOS, Windows 3.11, or Windows 95 is started. When you open any application that requires a fax or data modem for communication (for example, WinFax Pro** for Windows or ProComm Plus** for DOS),  the modem begins to consume  DSP resources on your adapter.


Setting the modem Speed in Windows 95

By default, the modem is set to 33600 bps. To change the speed of the modem:

1. Click the Start button, point to Programs, and then point to  Modem & Audio.

2. Click on modem.  The modem window appears.

3. From the menu bar, click on the Options  pull-down menu, and then click on Settings... .  The Options window appears.  Click 2400 , 14400 , or 33600   to set the speed.  You can also select or deselect the Start Hidden checkbox.  Click OK  to close the window.

4. Minimize the modem window.  The modem keeps the new setting until you change the setting again.

Note: 	Other factors that can control your modem speed include: operating system comm port speed settings, fax modem application speed settings, speed of the modem to which you are transmitting or from which you are receiving.


Setting the modem Speed in DOS

To change the speed of the modem:

1. Use FASTCFG to change DOS settings

2. Set the application type to Advanced Modem  to use the 33.6 kbps modem or to Telegame  to use the 14.4 kbps fax modem.

3. Click OK  to update the values and exit.

Note 	If you run FASTCFG in a DOS box, the changes you make are not applied until you exit Windows and return to native DOS.


Modem Features

 The adapter supports direct attachment to the public switched telephone network.  The  modem supports the standard communications (COM) port interface and can be used with any communications software package that uses the Hayes AT** command set.

 The modem provides the following features:

General Features

Data Features

Telephone Features

Fax Features


General Features

 The modem provides the following general features:

• Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) and pulse dialing

• Caller Identification (Caller ID)

• Standard asynchronous COM port interface operation (compatible with NS16550A UART-Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)


Data Features

 The following data features are provided:

• Hayes AT (attention) command set compatibility

• Error correction via Microcom Network Protocol (MNP**) classes 1-4

• Error correction via CCITT (Consultive Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone) V.42 error correction standard

• Adaptive rate negotiation that provides for fallback/fallforward as line quality deteriorates or improves

• 2   1 data compression through MNP-5

• 4   1 data compression through CCITT V.42bis

• Data transmission speeds up to 2400 bps through Bell 103/212A and CCITT V.21/V.22, V22bis protocols

• Data rates up to 9600 bps uncoded and 9600 bps Trellis coded using CCITT V.32 protocols

• Data rates up to 14400 bps using CCITT V.32bis protocols

• Data rates up to 33600 bps using ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector, previously CCITT) V.34 protocols


Telephone Features

 The following capabilities are provided to your telephony applications:

• Full-duplex speakerphone

• Telephone Answering Machine (TAM)

• Call screening

• TAM  PCM .wav file playback to phone line or speaker

• Record greetings

• Record conversations


Fax Features

 These features are provided to your Windows 95 fax applications:

• Group 3 fax transfers-provides 200x200 and 200x100 resolutions

• T4 protocol-manages resolution, coding patterns, page size, and transmissi on time for Group 3 faxes

• T30 protocol-manages the fax session and negotiates the functions supported by connected faxes

• Transmission speeds up to 14400 bps using V.17 protocol

• Transmission speeds up to 9600 bps using V.29 protocol

• Transmission speeds up to 4800 bps using V.27ter protocol

• Class 1 fax transmission**

• Class 2 fax transmission**

• Support for Windows 95 TAPI FAX application interface

• Manual SEND and  RECEIVE

 **See Readme for list of tested fax applications

Note: 	Facsimile Disclaimer: United States Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (Facsimile Devices)-The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 makes it unlawful for any person to use a computer or other electronic device to send any message via a telephone facsimile machine unless such message clearly contains, in a margin at the top or bottom of each transmitted page or on the first page of the transmission, the date and time it is sent and an identification of the business, other entity, or individual sending the message and the telephone number of the sending machine or such business, other entity, or individual.  To program this information into your facsimile, you should refer to the documentation which accompanies your FAX software package.


Using FASTCFG to Update DOS Settings

When to Use FASTCFG

How to Start FASTCFG

Because your personal computer includes an adapter, it can support various types of DOS applications at different times.  FASTCFG enables you to query and change your DOS application type and associated audio settings.

Using FASTCFG, you can configure your modem to support the following DOS application types.

• Sound Blaster** applications with Modem at speeds up to 14.4 kbps

• Sound Blaster Pro with no modem

• Sound Blaster applications with General MIDI and no modem

• Modem at speeds up to 33.6 kbps

Each application type corresponds to a specific application setup. The application setup includes sound, music, and modem settings.


When to Use FASTCFG

By default, FASTCFG sets DOS up to enable you to run Sound Blaster** applications. Use FASTCFG to change your DOS settings when you want to:

• Use the modem in a native DOS session

• Use DOS applications that require a 14.4 kbps fax modem

• Telegame using the modem and a Sound Blaster game which supports telegaming

• Enable General MIDI music and Sound Blaster sound for DOS games.

Note:   When you are running Windows 95, use FASTCFG  in MS-DOS mode only.


How to Start FASTCFG

FASTCFG displays whenever you shutdown to MS-DOS mode from Windows 95.

Start FASTCFG by typing FASTCFG  at  the DOS command prompt in MS-DOS mode.


Discrimination is the process of monitoring an incoming telephone call to determine whether the call is destined for a voice application, a data modem application, or a fax modem application.


Peripheral hardware refers to devices attached to the DSP to provide functions such as switching capability or signal conversion.


A digital signal processor (DSP) is a special-purpose microprocessor designed specifically to handle processing of real-time signals.


A DSP task is a program running in the DSP under Modem/OS that performs a particular function or process.  Multiple tasks may be run on the DSP under control of Modem/OS.


The Operating System (Modem/OS) is the real-time, multitasking DSP program that allows concurrent processing of virtual hardware tasks. Modem/OS schedule the DSP tasks to maximize concurrency.


Device drivers are programs that enable the application programs running on the PC to communicate with a specific peripheral device; for example, MIDI audio devices, wave audio devices, fax modem, data modem, telephone answering machine, or a CD-ROM drive.


The following terms are trademarks of IBM:

Operating System/2 	OS/2

IBM 	Aptiva


personal computer (PC)


The manager is PC-based software that manages DSP resources and provides a hardware-independent interface layer between the device drivers and the underlying hardware.


DSP resources refer to the system resources available for use by the DSP and include DSP register space, memory (instruction store and data store), bandwidth on the ISA bus, and the number of MIPS that can be processed.


Millions of instructions per second (MIPS) are one characteristic of a DSP used to measure performance.


The Media Control Interface (MCI) is a Microsoft** Windows standard interface used for controlling internal and external media devices.


Musical instruments digital interface (MIDI) is a standard for the communication of musical control information from MIDI devices.


Waveform audio refers to a stream of digitized audio samples produced by an audio source.  It is synonymous with digital audio.


pulse code modulated (PCM)


telephone answering machine (TAM)


Contention refers to a situation in which two or more device drivers are trying to load and use DSP resources at the same time.  Without dynamic resource allocation, contention results in an error situation in which one or more of the device drivers cannot load.  This would return an error to the application that requested the functions provided by the device drivers.


Level of service refers to the quality of the function provided by the device driver. For example, the modem device driver can operate at 3 levels of services that correspond to modem transfer rates of up to 33600 bps.


The CCITT standards body is now know as ITU-T.


MNP is a registered trademark of Microcom, Inc.


Hayes is a trademark of the Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc.


The following terms are trademarks of their respective companies in the United States or other countries:

This term...  	Is a trademark of...

Sound Blaster 	Creative Labs

Microsoft 	Microsoft Corporation

Hayes 	Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc.

Microcom Network Protocol 	Microcom, Inc.

MNP 	Microcom, Inc.

Compuserve 	Compuserve, Inc. and H and R Block, Inc.

America Online 	America Online, Inc.

Prodigy 	Prodigy Services Company

ReelMagic 	Sigma Designs

VoiceView 	Radish Communications Systems, Inc.

TalkShop 	Radish Communications Systems, Inc.


The following terms are trademarks of their respective companies in the United States or other countries:

WinFax Pro 	Delrina Technology Inc.

ProComm Plus 	Datastorm Technologies Inc.

Sprint 	Sprint Communications Company

MCI 	Microwave Communications Inc.

AT&T 	American Telephone and Telegraph Co.

GTE 	General Telephone Company


Concurrency refers to the number of applications that use the DSP that can run at the same time.


Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a technique used to transfer data directly between memory and hardware devices.  DMA transfers occur without the CPU acting as an intermediary and are preferred when using high-speed applications.


Interrupt Request (IRQ) is a software code sent to the CPU that controls programming activity or system resources.


Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the part of the computer that includes circuits that control the interpretation and execution of instructions.


HyperTerminal was developed for Microsoft by Hilgraeve, Inc.


Power on reset (POR) requires that you shut down the operating system and then turn off the system power. Then turn the system power on and restart the system.


Error Corrected Link.


Motion Picture Experts' Group


A mix of any of the available speaker input sources (except microphone) playing through the speakers.