Copyright: Copyright © 1994-1997 Quarterdeck Corporation


What is the Windows Registry
What is the Windows Registry?

The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database composed of keys and values that store configuration information about your computer and user settings. It is composed of two binary files: USER.DAT, containing user preferences, and SYSTEM.DAT, containing computer-specific configuration information. These two files are stored in the WINDOWS directory. Backups of these files, created every time Windows successfully starts, are stored in the WINDOWS directory as USER.DA0 and SYSTEM.DA0 (each extension ends with the number zero).

The Registry takes the place of INI files that were used in Windows 3.1, allowing configuration information about the system and all hardware and software installed on it to be stored in one place. This information is stored in three types of keys [image] file type, extension and CLSID [image] which specifically give the following information in the Registry:

  Application settings: user preferences and state information for all your software applications

  Desktop settings: information about how your Windows Desktop looks, including colors, resolution, and icons

  System settings: information about how Windows runs

  File associations: the relationship between file extensions and types and which applications can work with them

  Hardware configuration: information about hardware devices connected to your computer and about performance and critical hardware information, such as the configuration of Plug-and-Play devices.

  OLE information: information about software objects, what applications support them, and what functionality is supported

You can view the information in the Windows Registry by running C:\Windows\RegEdit or by using CleanSweep’s Registry Genie. For more information on what you are seeing when viewing the Registry, click here:
How is the Registry Organized?

 Related Topics


How is the Registry Organized
How is the Registry Organized?

The Registry is organized hierarchically, with My Computer at the top level followed by six root keys at the next level. The six root keys are

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

HKEY_CURRENT_USER

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

HKEY_USERS

HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

HKEY_DYN_DATA

These six root keys are analogous to drives you may have on your computer. Each of these keys contain subkeys, similar to directories or folders, which in turn contain values, which are like files. Any subkey can contain any number of values, and the values are where the real configuration information is kept: the keys themselves simply organize the information contained within the values, just as directories simply organize the real information in the form of files.

From this analogy, you can also see that the paths used to specify the location of Registry entries are like the paths used to specify the location of a file.

For example, the default location of CleanSweep is
C:\Program Files\Quarterdeck\CleanSweep\CS32.exe

In the Registry, this is represented as
My Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\CS32.EXE “C:\PROGA~1\Quarte~1/CLEANS~1\CS32.EXE”

where the first string represents the key path and the italics represents the value data.

 Related Topics


Editing the Registry
Using the Registry Genie

Windows has streamlined system- and application-configuration settings by keeping them all in one file: the Windows Registry. The Registry is a hierarchical database composed of keys and values which contain hardware configuration settings, application settings, file associations, and user preferences. The Registry takes the place of most Windows 3.1 INI and configuration files. Now with Windows 95 and NT 4.0, there is no need to search through hundreds of INI files to customize or troubleshoot your applications. You can use just one, the Windows Registry; that is if you can find, read, and edit it without corrupting important settings.

CleanSweep offers you an easy way to do just that: the Registry Genie. The Registry Genie is a multi-purpose utility for working with the Registry. It provides features for viewing and editing the Registry, creating backups, and undoing all your Registry changes.

CleanSweep also contains a Registry Helper, which is a database of much of the information the Registry stores, what it means, and how to find it.

Using CleanSweep’s Registry Genie, you can do the following:

 View your Registry files as displayed by the Windows Registry Editor, or by application.

 Edit the Registry file using the Registry Helper as your guide.

 Back up and restore individual entries or the entire Registry.

Important: Although the Registry Genie makes it easy to understand, view and edit your Registry file, you should be very cautious when doing so. The Registry contains system settings that, if changed or deleted, may prevent your system from running properly. Back up your Registry file often.

 How To…

 Related Topics


To run the Registry Genie

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.
The Registry Genie containing 4 tabs displays: All Entries, Application Entries, Find All and Replace and Undo History.

3  Click any of the tabs to view, edit, or restore the Registry.

4  After you make changes, pull down the Registry menu and click Exit. Focus returns to the Registry page.


Viewing the Registry

The Registry is a hierarchical database composed of keys and values which contain hardware configuration settings, software application settings, file associations and user preferences. Using Registry Genie, you can view the Registry file by keys or by applications.

The view by keys is called the All Entries view. This view displays Registry entries organized hierarchically by the six root keys and their respective subkeys. It is the view used by the Windows Registry Editor, REGEDIT.EXE.

The view by applications is called the Application Entries view. This view displays Registry entries organized by the application which added them. For example, when you installed CleanSweep, it wrote a series of subkeys to the Registry. These subkeys are located beneath many different root keys and subkeys, making it difficult for you to locate them. The Application Entries view locates all subkeys written by CleanSweep and places them under the key CleanSweep, so you can view them all at once.

While you are viewing the Registry in either mode, you can quickly go to any key or partial key and add and retrieve bookmarks to mark and go to specific keys.

 How To…

 Related Topics


Registry Helper

Displays information about the selected key or value in the Registry tree. This information includes use, application, valid values and a safety level associated with making any changes to it.

To toggle the display of the Registry Helper, pull down the View menu and click Registry Helper.

If no information appears here, make sure you have a key or value selected. If you have selected a key or value and still no information appears, then no information is available on the selected key: Use the Update It option in the CleanSweep Options tab for updates to the Registry helper.


Registry Helper, Use
Use

Displays the purpose and use of the selected key or value. This information includes the hardware, software, file, or user settings organized within a key or defined by a key and value.


Registry Helper, Application
Application

Displays the name of the application that last modified the selected key. If it is a new key, then this area displays the name of the application that added it.


Registry Helper, Values
Valid Values

Displays the values that may be assigned to the key. This includes string, binary, or DWORD values.


Safety Level

Displays the Registry Helper’s assessment of how safe it is to change the selected Registry entry. A red light indicates that you should not change the selected entry; yellow indicates that you should use caution; and green indicates that it is safe to change the Registry entry.


All Entries

Displays all keys and values contained within your Registry file, organized by key. This view is identical to the one displayed when you run Windows Registry Editor program, REGEDIT.EXE.


To view all entries in the Windows Registry

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.
The Registry Genie appears. The default page displays all entries in your Registry file arranged by keys and subkeys.

3  When you have finished viewing and working with the Registry, pull down the Registry menu and click Exit.


Application Entries

Displays keys and values contained within your Registry file organized by the application that wrote them into the Registry file.


To view the Windows Registry in applications mode

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the Application Entries tab, or pull down the View menu and click Application Entries.
A list of keys appears, organized by the application that wrote them.

4  When you have finished viewing and working with the Registry, pull down the Registry menu and click Exit.


Undo History

Displays all changes you have made to the Registry during the current editing session so you can view and/or reverse them.


Undo

Reverses the most recent change you have made to the Registry. You can continue to click Undo to reverse each change in the order it was made.


Undo All

Reverses all changes made during the current editing session.


Clear Undo History

Erases the list of changes you made during the current editing session. Although the list is cleared, the changes themselves are not reversed.


Undo History List

Lists all changes you have made to the Registry, most recent first.


To view changes made to the Registry and selectively restore them

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the Undo History tab, or pull down the View menu and click Undo History.
A list of all changes you have made during the current editing session appears.

4  To reverse the most recent change, click the change in the list and click Undo.
The change you selected is reversed.

   To reverse all changes, click the Undo All button.

   To clear the contents of the Undo History list, click the Clear Undo History button.
All changes in the list are erased, but none of the changes are reversed.

7  When you have finished viewing and working with the Registry, pull down the Registry menu and click Exit.


To refresh the Registry view

  To refresh the view of the Registry after changes have been made, pull down the View menu and click Refresh, or Refresh Subtree.


 Add Bookmark Dialog Box

Using the Add Bookmark dialog box, you can specify bookmarks to help you quickly find a Registry entry again. Once you add a bookmark, it appears at the end of the Bookmarks menu for easy access.

 How To…


Bookmark Name

Provides a place for you to type a name for your bookmark. This name will appear at the bottom of the Bookmarks menu.


To add bookmarks to the Registry

1  Run the Registry Genie and select the view of the Registry with which you want to work: All Entries or Application Entries.

2  In the Registry tree, select the key you want to make a bookmark.

3  Pull down the Bookmarks menu, and click Add Bookmark.

4  Click in the Bookmark Name field and type a name for your bookmark so you can use it to find the Registry entry again.

5  Click OK.
The Add Bookmark dialog box closes and the bookmark you selected appears in the Bookmarks menu.

6  To return to the bookmarked Registry entry, pull down the Bookmarks menu and click the name of the bookmark you want to view.


Edit Bookmark dialog box
Edit Bookmark

Using the Edit Bookmark dialog box, you can modify or delete a bookmark name.

 How To…


Delete Bookmark

Removes the selected bookmark from the list. This bookmark will no longer appear in the Bookmarks menu.


Edit Bookmark List

Lists the names of all defined bookmarks and the key to which they point. Click the bookmark you want to edit to select it.


To edit existing bookmarks

1  Run the Registry Genie.

2  Pull down the Bookmarks menu, then click Edit Bookmark.

3  To edit a bookmark name, click it once. The bookmark name becomes highlighted. Click the bookmark name again. The bookmark name goes into edit mode, with a solid black frame surrounding the text. Type the new name and press Enter.

5  To delete a bookmark, click the bookmark name and click Delete.

6  Click OK.


To go to a bookmark in the Registry

  After adding a bookmark using the Add Bookmark command in the Bookmarks menu, pull down the Bookmarks menu and click the name of the bookmark you want to go to.
Registry Genie jumps to the key in the Registry tree represented by that bookmark.


Goto Key Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to move focus in the Registry tree to a key that you select. If no matching key is found, focus moves to the closest match in the Registry.

 How To


Key Path

Provides a place for you to type the name of the key to which you want to move focus in the Registry tree.


To go to a specific key

1  Pull down the Edit menu and click Goto.

2  In the Key Path field, type the full path to which you want to move in the Registry.

3  Click OK.
Focus moves to the key in the Registry that most closely matches the one you specified.


Editing the Registry

Using the Registry Genie, you can easily and safely edit your Registry file in a number of ways.

You can find all occurrences of a specific key and replace it with the text you want, or you can edit keys individually. You can also insert and delete keys and values. At any time, you can view properties for the keys you are editing.

While you are editing keys, you can use the Registry Helper to guide you through changes that you make.

Important: Although the Registry Genie makes it easy to understand, view and edit your Registry file, you should be very cautious while doing so. The Registry contains system settings that, if changed or deleted, may prevent your system from running properly. Back up your Registry file often.

 How To

 Related Topics


To insert a new key or value in the Registry

1  Run the Registry Genie and select the view of the Registry with which you want to work: All Entries or Application Entries.

2  In the Registry tree, click on the key below which you want to add a subkey or value.

3  Pull down the Edit menu and point to Insert. In the Insert submenu, click Key, String Value, DWORD Value, or Binary Value.
Depending on what you select, the Edit dialog box displays containing the text New Key #1 or New Value #1.

4  To change the name, click in the Key Name or Value Name area and type the name you want to assign to the key or value.

5  If you have inserted a value, you may need to assign value data as well. Click in the String Value, Binary Value, or DWORD Value fields and type the value data you want to assign to the new value name.

6. Click OK.

Tip:

To remove the new key or value, pull down the Edit menu and click Undo.


To delete a key or value

1  Run the Registry Genie and select the view of the Registry with which you want to work: All Entries or Application Entries.

2  In the Registry tree, click on the key or value you want to delete.

3  Pull down the Edit menu and click Delete, click the secondary mouse button on the item and select Delete from the shortcut menu, or press the Delete key.
A confirmation dialog box displays asking if you are sure you want to delete the selected key or value.

4  Click Yes.
The Registry Genie deletes the selected key or value.

Tip:

To restore the deleted key or value, pull down the Edit menu and click Undo.


To view or edit properties on the selected key
To view or edit properties of the selected key or value

1  Run the Registry Genie and select the view of the Registry with which you want to work: All Entries or Application Entries.

2  In the Registry tree, click the key or value whose properties you want to see.

3  Pull down the Edit menu then click Edit, or click the secondary mouse button over the item, then select Edit from the shortcut menu; or double-click the key or value.

4  To change the name of the selected item, click in the Key Name or Value Name area and type the name you want to assign to the key or value.

5  If you have selected a value, you can change the value data associated with it as well. Click in the String Value, Binary Value, or DWORD Value fields and type the value data you want to assign to the new value name.

6  Click OK.

Tip:

To restore an edited key or value, pull down the Edit menu and click Undo.


Edit String Value Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to view and change the properties of a string value in the Registry. A string value is one composed of text characters. They are the easiest values to recognize and edit.

 How To


Value name

Displays the name of the selected value and provides a place for you to change this name.

To change the value name, double-click in this field and type a new name for the value.


String value

Displays the value data for the selected value name. This value data is expressed as a string, which is a series of text characters.

To change the string value, double-click in this field and type the string you want to assign to the value name.


Use Default Name

Changes the value name to “default.”


Expand Environment Variables

Replaces any environment variables with the actual values. For example, your temporary file directory is often expressed in the Registry as a temporary-file environment variable %temp%. This option replaces %temp% with the full path to your temporary directory, for example C:\Windows\Temp.


Warning Level

help not available

[note: same info for Binary and DWORD]


 Edit Binary Value Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to view and change the properties of a binary value in the Registry. Binary value data are expressed in 0’s and 1’s, with the 0 and 1 corresponding to specific settings turned off (0) and on (1). An example of a Binary Value is the one assigned to the Custom Colors Value Name.

 How To…


Value name

Displays the name of the selected value and provides a place for you to change this name.

To change the value name, double-click in this field and type a new name for the value.


Binary value data

Displays the binary value data of the selected value name so you can view and/or edit it.


Binary Offset

Indicates the position of the selected byte.


Use Default Name

Changes the value name to “default.”


 Edit DWORD Value Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to view and change the properties of a DWORD value in the Registry. DWORD value data are expressed as an unsigned 32-bit integer with a value from 0 to 4,294,967,296.

 How To


Value name

Displays the name of the selected value and provides a place for you to change this name.

To change the value name, double-click in this field and type a new name for the value.


DWORD

Displays the DWORD value data of the selected value name so you can view and/or edit it.


Use Default Name

Changes the value name to “default.”


Base Hexadecimal

Displays the DWORD value in the hexadecimal number system (base 16).


Base Decimal

Displays the DWORD value in the decimal number system (base 10).


Base Octal

Displays the DWORD value in the octal number system (base 8).


Base Binary

Displays the DWORD value in the binary number system (base 2).


Edit Key Dialog Box
 Edit Key

Use this dialog box to view and change the properties of the selected key or subkey in the Registry.

 How To…


Key Name

Displays the name of the selected key and provides a place for you to change this name.

To change the key name, double-click in this field and type a new name.


Find All and Replace

Provides a means for you to find all occurrences of a particular key or value and replace one or all of them with the text of your choice.


Find all occurrences of

Provides a place for you to type the text you want to find in the Registry.


Case sensitive search

Distinguishes between upper and lower case letters during the search. If you select a case-sensitive search, only those Registry entries that use the same upper- and lower-case letters as specified in the Find All Occurrences Of field will be found.


Where to search

Contains options which determine what parts of the Registry file will be searched.


Key names

Specifies whether keys and subkeys will be searched for matching text.


Value names

Specifies whether value names will be searched for matching text.


Value data

Specifies whether value data will be searched for matching text.


Find All

Begins the search. After you press this button, it becomes Stop, so you can cancel the search in progress.


Replace

Displays the Replace dialog box, in which you can type text to replace the search string.


Match List

Lists all Registry entries containing text matching the text you specified in the Find All Occurrences Of field.


To find and replace Registry entries

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the Find All & Replace tab, or pull down the View menu and click Find All and Replace.

4  Click in the Find All Occurrences Of field and type the text (key or value) that you want to find in the Registry. For example, if you wanted to find all occurrences of your name in the Registry, you would type Myname Smith.

5  In the Where to Find area of the dialog box, select the check boxes beside those Registry items that you want to search: Key names, Value names or Value data.

6  Click the Find All button.
The Find button changes to Stop and the Registry Genie searches the entire Registry file for all entries that contain the text you typed. Depending on the speed of your computer and the size of your Registry, this process could take a while. All matches that are found appear in the match list in the Find All and Replace tab.

7  In the match list, select all Registry entries that you want to replace by clicking them. To select a range, hold down the Shift Key as you click the first and last entry in the list.
Selected Registry entries are highlighted.

8  Click the Replace button.

9  Click in the Replace Search String With field and type the text with which you want to replace the text found. For example, in step 4, you found all occurrences of Myname Smith. To replace that text, type Newname Smith into the Replace field.

10 To replace only selected occurrences, click the Replace Only Selected Items check box.

11. If you want to rename any of the entries, click the Allow Renaming of Keys check box.

12 Click OK.
The Replace dialog box closes and the occurrences of the text in the selected Registry entries are replaced.

13 When you have finished working with the Registry Genie, click OK.


Replace Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to specify the text you want to take the place of the text in the Find All Occurrences Of field in the Find All and Replace tab. You can replace all occurrences of the text or only selected occurrences of the text.

 How To


Replace Search String With

Provides a place for you to type the text you want to take the place of the text in the Find All Occurrences Of field.


Allow Renaming of Keys

Indicates that keys may be renamed in the search-and-replace process.


Replace Only Selected Items

Replaces the specified text only in the selected entries in the Find All and Replace tab’s match list with the text specified in the Replace Search String With field.


# IDH_CHANGE_LOG$ Change LogK Change Log;Registry Genie, Change Log


Backing Up and Restoring the Registry

Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether the changes you make to the Registry will have a detrimental effect until after the changes are already made. Therefore, it is useful to back up the Registry file often so you can restore it to its last functioning state.

Using the Registry Genie, you can back up and restore the Registry in the following ways:

  Create a backup of the entire Registry file so you can later restore it in its entirety.

  Export important keys from the Registry into a REG file, and import the information in the REG file back into the Registry.

Exporting keys is useful for backing up specific Registry settings, and importing is useful for restoring those settings at any time.

 Selectively restore individual changes to the Registry

The Registry consists of two files: USER.DAT, containing information about individual user settings, and SYSTEM.DAT, containing information about your computer. Therefore, when you back up the Registry, you need to create copies of both of these files.

 How To…

 Related Topics


 Import Registry File Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to import Registry information into your Registry file. Importing Registry information is useful for setting up software applications and configuring system settings.

 How To…


To import Registry information into your Registry file

 Double-click the REG file you want to import from anywhere in the Windows shell.

Or

1  Run the Registry Genie and select the view of the Registry with which you want to work: All Entries or Application Entries.

3  Pull down the Registry menu and click Import Registry File.

4  Select the name and location of the Registry file you want to import.

5  Click Open.
Registry Genie merges the information in the selected Registry file with your Registry file.


 Export Registry File Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to export all or part of your Registry to a text file. Exporting is useful for backing up Registry entries or for creating files that can be used to set up software applications and configure system settings. The REG file created when you export part of your Registry can be edited by any text editor.

 How To…


To export all or part of your Registry file

1  Run the Registry Genie and select the view of the Registry with which you want to work: All Entries or Application Entries.

2  In the Registry tree, click on the key you want to export to a text file. All subkeys of the selected key will be included.

3  Pull down the Registry menu and click Export Registry File.

4  Select the name and location where you want to save the exported keys.

5  Click Save.
Registry Genie saves the selected key and subkeys in a text file using the name you selected with a REG extension in the location you selected.


Backup Registry Dialog Box
 Backup Current Registry Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can create a copy of your current Registry file. Backing up your Registry is useful if you plan on editing the Registry in any way.

Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether the changes you make to the Registry will have a detrimental effect until after the changes are already made. Therefore, it is useful to back up the Registry file often so you can restore it to its last functioning state.

The Registry consists of two files: USER.DAT, containing information about individual user settings, and SYSTEM.DAT, containing information about your computer. Therefore, when you back up the Registry, you need to create copies of both files.

 How To…


Copy Registry To

Provides a place for you to type a name for the Registry backup file you are creating.


Include User Data

Copies all user information, such as preferences and custom settings, into your Registry backup file.


Include System Data

Copies all system information, such as hardware and operating-system settings, into your Registry backup file.


Previous Backups

Lists the names, dates and type of information included in any other Registry backup files you have created.


To backup your current Registry file

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Pull down the Registry menu then click Backup.

5  Click in the Copy Registry to field and type a backup file name under which you want to save your current user and system Registry settings.

6.  To backup all user settings, click the Include User Data check box. To backup all system settings, click the Include System Data check box.

7  Click Backup.


 Restore Previous Registry Dialog Box

Using this dialog box, you can restore any previously saved version of your Registry file, including your manual backups or CleanSweep’s automatic backup. You should restore a previous version of the Registry if your computer is having problems with software, operating systems, or booting. You must reboot your computer after restoring.

 How To..


To restore a backed up Registry file

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Pull down the Registry menu and click Restore.

4  In the Backed up Registry Files list, click the version of the Registry you want to use.

5  Click Restore.
CleanSweep copies the previous Registry file and settings over your current one.

6.  Reboot your computer and your restored Registry settings will take effect.


Backed Up Registry Files

Lists the names, dates, and types of information included in any other Registry backup files you have created.

Click the version of the Registry that you want to restore and click the Restore button.


 Print Dialog Box

Using this dialog box, you can print all or any range of Registry keys and values in your Registry file. This may be useful if you need to share information about a corrupt or problem subkey, or if you want to keep a hard-copy backup in case your Registry file becomes corrupt, so that you can reconstruct it.

 How To


To print the contents of the Registry

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Pull down the Registry menu and click Print.

4  To print the entire Registry, click the All option button in the Print Range area. To print only a portion of the Registry, click the Selected Branch option button and type the subkey you want to print.

5  Select other print settings and click OK.
Registry Genie sends the Registry information to the selected printer.


Owner Dialog Box (Windows NT 4.0)
Owner Dialog Box

Identifies the user who owns the selected key. If you are the owner of the key, use this dialog box to assign ownership to another user. If you are not the owner, but you have permission from the owner, you can assume ownership of the key yourself. If you are the system administrator, you can assign any user the right to take ownership, or take ownership of the Registry key yourself.

 How To


Registry Key

Displays the name of the selected key whose owner you want to identify.


Owner

Displays the owner of the selected key.


Take Ownership

Allows a user to assume ownership of the selected key.


To take ownership of a key (Windows NT 4.0)
To take ownership of a key

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key of which you want to take ownership.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Owner.
The Owner dialog box appears, displaying the name of the key’s current owner.

3  Click the Take Ownership button.
Registry Genie grants you ownership of the selected key. Note that you can only take ownership of a key if the original owner has granted you permission or if you are the system administrator.

 Related Topics


To grant ownership of a key to another user (Windows NT 4.0)
To grant ownership of a key to another user

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key for which you want to yield ownership.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Permissions.
The Registry Key Permissions dialog box appears.

5  In the Name list box, click the name of the user to whom you want to grant full control of your Registry key.

6  Pull down the Type of Access drop-down list and click Full Control.

7  Click OK.
The user you selected can now take ownership of the selected key. For instructions, click here

 Related Topics


Registry Key Persmissions Dialog Box (Windows NT 4.0)
Registry Key Permissions Dialog Box

Displays which users have access to the selected key and the type of access each user has. If you have ownership access to the selected key, you can use this dialog box to assign permissions or grant control to other users. You can also use this dialog box to add and remove users and groups from the permissions list.

 How To


Registry Key

Displays the name of the selected key.


Owner

Displays the name of the owner of the selected key.


Replace Permission on Existing Subkeys

Assigns a permission to both the currently selected key and all its subkeys.


Name

Displays the names of the groups who have permission to access the selected key.


Type of Access

Assigns permission to the user or group selected in the Name list. There are 3 options:

Read: enables the user to view the key but not to change it.

Full Control: enables the user to view, access, edit and take ownership of the key.

Special Access: displays the Special Access dialog box, which enables you to customize the permissions granted to the selected user.


Add

Displays the Add Users and Groups dialog box.


Remove

Removes the selected user name or group from the Name list. The removed name will no longer have permission to the key.


To assign permissions on a key (Windows NT 4.0)
To assign permissions on a key

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key on which you want to assign permissions.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Permissions.
The Registry Key Permissions dialog box appears, containing the names of users and groups with permissions to access the key and the levels of access they have.

5  To override permissions previously set on the subkeys of the selected key, click the Replace Permission on Existing Subkeys check box.

6  To assign permissions, pull down the Type of Access drop-down list and click one of the following:

Read: enables the user to view the key but not to change it.

Full Control: enables the user to view, access, edit and take ownership of the key.

Special Access: displays the Special Access dialog box, which enables you to customize the permissions granted to the selected user.

7  Click OK.

 Related Topics


Special Access Dialog Box (Windows NT 4.0)
Special Access Dialog Box

Using this dialog box, you can set custom permissions on a key for a user or group. Assigning special permissions is useful if you want to assign more access rights to a key than read rights, but you do not want to grant full control.

 How To…


Registry Key

Identifies the Registry key on which you are assigning special access.


Name

Displays the name of the user or group to whom you are assigning special access.


Full Control (All)

Assigns full control of the selected Registry key to the selected user or group, enabling them to view, access, edit, and take ownership of the key.


Other

Contains options for special access permissions you can assign to a user or group.


Query Value

Grants the right to read a value entry from a Registry key.


Set Value

Grants the right to set value entries in a Registry key.


Create Subkey

Grants the right to create of subkeys of the selected Registry key.


Enumerate Subkeys

Grants the right to identify the subkeys of a Registry key.


Notify

Grants the right to audit notification events from a key in the Registry.


Create Link

Grants the right to create a symbolic link in a particular key.


Delete

Grants the right to delete the selected key.


Write DAC

Grants the right to gain access to a key for the purpose of writing to the key a discretionary ACL.


Write Owner

Grants the right to gain access to a key for the purpose of taking ownership of it.


Read Control

Grants the right to gain access to the security information on the selected key.


To assign special access for a key (Windows NT 4.0)
To assign special access for a key

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key on which you want to assign permissions.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Permissions.

5  In the Name list, click the user or group to whom you want to assign special access.

6  Pull down the Type of Access list and click Special Access.

7 Select the type of control you want to assign to the selected user or group:

To assign full control, click Full Control (All).

To assign special access, click Other, and then click the check boxes beside the types of access that you want to assign. For information available on each type of access, click the secondary mouse button over the option and select What’s This?.

8  Click OK. The Registry Key Permissions dialog box appears again.

9  Click OK.

 Related Topics


Add Users and Groups Dialog Box (Windows NT 4.0)
Add Users and Groups Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to add user and group names to the list of users authorized to access the selected key in the Registry, or to add names to the list of users being audited Once names are added, they will appear in the Names area of the Registry Key Permissions or Registry Key Auditing dialog box, depending on the function you are performing.

 How To


List Names From

Determines the computer or domain where you want to look for users to add to the permissions or auditing list of the selected key.


Names

Lists the user and group names in the domain selected in the List Names From field.


Add

Adds the user or group selected in the Names field to the Add Names list and either grants them permission to the selected key or adds them to the auditing list, depending on which option you selected.


Show Users

Displays the user accounts of the domain or workstation account in the Names list. By default, only groups are listed.


Members

Displays the Group Membership dialog box, which contains the names of the members in the selected group.


Search

Displays the Find Account dialog box, in which you can locate a user account or group.


Add Names

Lists the names of the groups and users to whom you have given access to the selected key or added to the audit list.


Type of Access

Lists the types of access you can assign.


To add users of groups to the permissions list (Windows NT 4.0)
To add users or groups to the permissions list

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key on which you want to assign permissions.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Permissions.

5  Click Add.

6  In List Names From, click the workstation or domain of the users and groups you want to view.
The Names area displays all groups in the selected domain or workstation.

7  Click the name of the user or group to whom you want to give permission, and then click Add.
The name you selected appears in the Add Names list.

8  Pull down the Type of Access drop-down list and click the level of access that you want to grant to the users or groups that you are adding.

9  Click OK.
The Registry Key Permissions dialog box appears.

10  Click OK.

Tips

 To display all the users in a selected workstation or domain, click the Show Users button

 To see the names of the users in a selected group, click the Members button.

 Related Topics


To display all users and groups in a domain or workstation (Windows NT 4.0)
To display all users and groups in a domain or workstation

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key for which you want to assign permissions.

4  Pull down the Security menu, then click Permissions.

5  Click Add.

6  In List Names From, click the workstation or domain of the users and groups you want to view.
The Names area displays all groups in the selected domain or workstation.

7  Click the Show Users button.
The users in the selected group appear in the Names list.

 Related Topics


To displays the members of a group and add them to the permissions list (Windows NT 4.0)
To display the members of a group and add them to the Permissions list

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key for which you want to assign permissions.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Permissions.

5  Click Add.

6  In the List Names From list, select the computer or domain whose groups you want to display.

7  In the Names list, click the name of the group whose members you want to display.

8  Click Members.

9  Select the name of the user or group that you want to add, and click Add.
If you want to select a user who is within a group, click Members; then select the user, and click Add.

10  Select any other options you want in Add Users and Groups dialog box, and then click OK.

11  In the Registry Key Permissions dialog box, click OK.

 Related Topics


Find Account Dialog Box (Windows NT 4.0)
Find Account Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to locate groups or user accounts to whom you want to assign permissions to a Registry key or whom you want to audit.

 How To


Find User or Group

Provides a place for you to type the user or group you want to locate.


Search All

Specifies that all listed domains will be searched to locate the user or group you selected.


Search Only In

Specifies that only those domains you have selected will be searched to locate the specified user or group. Select this option and hold down the Shift key as you click those domains you want to include in the search.


Search

Begins the search for the selected user or group.


Search Results

Displays all users or groups found in the selected domains.


Add

Adds the user or group selected in the Search Results area to the list of those authorized to access the key.


To search the permissions list (Windows NT 4.0)
To search the permissions list

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key for which you want to assign permissions.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Permissions.

5  Click Add.

6  Click Search.

7  In the  Find User or Group field, type the name of a user or group.

8  To search all the computers and domains listed for the user, click the Search All option button.
To search selected computers or domains, click the Search Only In option button, hold down the Shift key, and click the name of each computer or domain you want to search.

9  Click the Search button.
Registry Genie searches the selected domain for matching names and displays them in the Search Results list.

10  In the Search Results list, click the names you want to add to the permissions list and click Add. The Add Users and Groups dialog box appears.

11  Click OK. The Registry Key Permissions dialog box appears.

12  Click OK.

 Related Topics


Registry Key Auditing dialog box (Windows NT 4.0)
Registry Key Auditing Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to audit Registry events. You can only use this command if you are a member of the Administrators local group or if you have been specifically assigned the right to audit.

 How To


Registry Key

Displays the selected key on which you are auditing events.


Audit Permission on Existing Subkeys

Audits all subkeys of the selected key.


Name

Displays the names of the users and groups who are audited on this key.


Events to Audit

Contains options which specify auditing for successful and unsuccessful events that were attempted on the selected key. To select an event to audit, select either the Success or Failure check boxes or both beside the event you want to audit.


Query Value

Audits attempts to read a value entry from a Registry key


Set Value

Audits attempts to set value entries in a Registry key


Create Subkey

Audits attempts to create subkeys of the selected Registry key


Enumerate Subkeys

Audits attempts to identify the subkeys of a Registry key


Notify

Audits notification events from a key in the Registry


Create Link

Audits attempts to create a symbolic link in a particular key


Delete

Audits attempts to delete a Registry object


Write DAC

Audits attempt to gain access to a key for the purpose of writing a discretionary ACL (security permission) to the key


Read Control

Audits attempts to access the discretionary ACL on a key


Add

Displays the Add Users or Groups dialog box, in which you can locate and specify users and groups to add to the audit list.


Remove

Removes the selected user or group from the audit list.


To audit activity on a Registry key (Windows NT 4.0)
To audit activity on a Registry key

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key you want to audit.

4  With assigned auditing rights, pull down the Security menu and click Auditing.
The Registry Key Auditing dialog box appears.

5  To audit activity on the subkeys of the key that you have selected as well as the key itself, click the Audit Permission on Existing Subkeys check box.

6  In the Name list, click the name of a group or user you want to audit.

7  In Events to Audit, select the Success and Failure check boxes beside the activities that you want to audit. For more information on each activity, click the secondary mouse button over the activity and select What’s This?.

 Related Topics


To add users of groups to the audit list (Windows NT 4.0)
To add users or groups to the audit list

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key on which you want to assign permissions.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Auditing.

5  Click Add.

6  In List Names From, click the workstation or domain of the users and groups you want to view.
The Names area displays all groups in the selected domain or workstation.

7  Click the name of the user or group that you want to add to the audit list, and then click Add.
The name you selected appears in the Add Names list.

9  Click OK.
The Registry Key Auditing dialog box appears.

10  Click OK.

Tips

 To display all the users in a selected workstation or domain, click the Show Users button

 To see the names of the users in a selected group, click the Members button.

 Related Topics


To remove a user or group from the audit list (Windows NT 4.0)
To remove a user or group from the audit list

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key you want to audit.

4  With assigned auditing rights, pull down the Security menu and click Auditing.

6  In the Name list, click the name of a group or user you want to remove.

7  Click Remove.

8  Click OK.

 Related Topics


To search the audit list (Windows NT 4.0)
To search the audit list

Windows NT 4.0 only

1  Click the Registry tab in the CleanSweep Main window.

2  Click the Registry Genie button.

3  Click the key on which you want to assign permissions.

4  Pull down the Security menu and click Auditing.

5  Click Add.

6  Click Search.

7  In the Find User or Group field, type the name of a user or group.

8  To search all the computers and domains listed for the user, click the Search All option button.
To search selected computers or domains, click the Search Only In option button, hold down the Shift key and click the name of each computer or domain you want to search.

9  Click the Search button.
Registry Genie searches the selected domain for matching names and displays them in the Search Results list.

10  In the Search Results list, click the names you want to add to the audit list and click Add.

11  Click OK. The Registry Key Auditing dialog box appears.

12  Click OK.

 Related Topics


ReGenie Glossary
Glossary

Symbols

* Subkey

%1

%2

A

AppEvents Subkey

AppPath Subkey

Assocation

B

Binary

C

Canonical Verbs

CLSID Subkey (Class Identifier)

Config Subkey

Config Manager Subkey

Context Menu

ContextMenuHandlers

Control Panel Subkey

CopyHookHandlers

D

DefaultIcon Subkey

Desktop Settings

DragDropHandlers

DropHandlers

DWORD

E

EditFlags Value

Enum Subkey

Extension Keys

F

File Associations

File Type Keys

G

GUID (Globally Unique Identifiers)

H

Hardware Subkey

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

HKEY_CURRENT_USER

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

HKEY_USERS

HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

HKEY_DYN_DATA

I

IconHandlers

INI File

IniFileMapping Subkey

J

K

Key

Keyboard Layouts Subkey

L

LocalServer Subkey

M

N

Network Subkey

Nibble

NullFile

O

OLE

P

PerfStats Subkey

Plug and Play

Profiles

ProgID

PropertySheetHandlers

Q

QuickView Subkey

R

Registry

Registry Entry

Root Key

S

Security Subkey

SharedDLLS Subkey

Shell Subkey

ShellNew Subkey

ShellEx Subkey

Shell Extensions

Software Object

Software Subkey

String

Subkey

System Settings

System Subkey

T

U

Unknown Subkey

User Profiles

V

Value

Value Data

Volatile Key

W

WORD

X

Y

Z


* Subkey

A file type key that defines actions and shell extensions that apply to all registered file types.


%1

Placeholder for a file name. When you see %1 as part of a value, the application will substitute the given file name and will execute the associated command on that file.


%2

Placeholder for a printer name. When you see %2 as part of value, the application will print the target file name to the default printer.


AppEvents Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_USERS root key that contains the path to the sound file Windows 95 plays upon a specific event, such as Windows startup.


AppPath Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Company Name\Product\Version subkey that defines the full path to an application’s executable (the file that you run to run the application).


Association

The process of matching a file name extension with a specific application to allow the application to find and start other applications or to open and print files.


Binary

The numerical system of base 2, in which each place of a number is represented by 0 or 1. Value data can be expressed in binary, with the 0 and 1 corresponding to specific settings turned off (0) and on (1).


Canonical Verbs

Verbs specified as part of the Shell subkey that have predefined meaning in Windows 95 and are localized automatically in international versions of Windows. Canonical verbs include open, openas, explore, find, print, printto, and properties.


CLSID Subkey (Class Identifier)

A subkey of the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT root key. This key is a globally unique identifier of an OLE software object. Every OLE server or container must register a CLSID for each file type it supports as an OLE object, so that the appropriate application can be loaded when an OLE call is made.


Config Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key. It contains configuration information about alternate hardware profiles. For example, if you have a notebook computer which is configured differently whether it is docked or undocked, both configurations are specified within this subkey.


Config Manager Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_DYN_DATA root key. It contains the same hardware information as the HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG and status information and problem codes about current devices. It also contains the Enum subkey, which specified the same information as the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Enum subkey.


Context Menu

The shortcut pop-up menu associated with a particular file type. Items in context menu and controlled by keys in the registry.


ContextMenuHandlers

A shell extension (ShellEx) subkey that defines what menu items to add to the shortcut menu (context menu) of the specified file type.


Control Panel Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_USERS root key that contains information specified by the Control Panel. This includes display settings, printers, fonts and other settings. All information contained within this key used to be stored in Windows 3.1’s WIN.INI and CONTROL.INI.


CopyHookHandlers

A shell extension (ShellEx) subkey that allows a software object to reject a file of the specified type when you try to copy, move, rename or delete it.


DefaultIcon Subkey

A file type subkey value which specifies the icon displayed for the file type in Windows Explorer. And a CLSID subkey that specified the icon used for objects managed by that software object.


Desktop Settings

Configuration data about the Windows desktop, including colors, icons and resolution. This information is stored in the Registry.


DragDropHandlers

A shell extension (ShellEx) subkey that defines what menu items to add to the drag and drop shortcut menu of the specified file type. The drag and drop shortcut menu appears when you use the secondary mouse button (usually the right mouse button) to drag and object from one place to another.


DropHandlers

A shell extension (ShellEx) subkey that allows a software object to handle dropped (as in drag and drop) files of the specified file type.


DWORD

Double WORD. An unsigned 32-bit integer with a value from 0 to 4,294,967,296. Value data may be a DWORD.


EditFlags Value

Associated with a File Type key, determines what actions can be performed on a file of the given type in Explorer File Types (View\Options\FileTypes) dialog box. Possible actions are new, remove, and edit.


Enum Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key. It contains information specified by the Device Manager. This subkey contains the following information about each device connected to your computer: type, manufacturer, driver and configuration.


Extension Keys

Subkeys of HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT that associate a particular file extension with an application. Some common extensions registered here are BMP, DOC, TXT and HLP.


File Associations

The relationship between a type of file and a file extension. File associations are created by applications and stored in the registry.


File Type Keys

Subkeys of the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT key that define the file types handled by an application. File type keys deal with ProgIDs. Common ones include “txtfile” (Notepad text document), “icofile” (icon file), and “Word.Document.6” (Microsoft Word for Windows document).


GUID (Globally Unique Identifier)

A 16-bit number composed of a DWORD-WORD-WORD-8bytes and formatted in the registry as 32 hexadecimal nibbles as 8-4-4-4-12 used to identify a class, interface or format.


Hardware Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key. It contains information specified by the

Windows HyperTerminal Applet, which you can use with a modem to connect to a remote computer. This applet is located in the Accessories folder.


HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

One of the six root keys. It is an alias for the subkey HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Classes and contains associations between documents and applications, such as information about OLE objects, file types, file extensions, and shell extensions.


HKEY_CURRENT_USER

One of the six root keys. It is an alias for the main root key HKEY_USERS and contains configuration settings for the current user.


HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

One of the six root keys. It contains configuration information specific to the computer, such as installed hardware and software settings. Information in this key is not user-specific; it applies to any user on the computer.


HKEY_USERS

One of the six root keys. It contains configuration information for all users on the computer, including default and user-specific information.


HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

One of the six root keys. It is an alias for the main root key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE and contains hardware configuration information.


HKEY_DYN_DATA

One of the six root keys. It contains dynamic information about the current configuration of the computer which is stored in memory.


IconHandlers

A shell extension (ShellEx) subkey that allows the software object to dynamically create icons to display for a given file type.


INI File

An initialization file. INI files contain software and system configuration information for Windows 3.1 and supported applications. The Registry takes the place of INI files in Windows 95 and NT.


IniFileMapping Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion subkey that specifies an application INI file name and where in the registry the configuration information should be kept. This key is only located in the Windows NT Registry; it is not supported by Windows 95.


Key

An entry in the registry. A key is written into the registry by Windows, hardware or software applications. There are two types of keys: root keys, at the top level of the registry organization, and subkeys, organized hierarchically beneath the root keys and other subkeys.


Keyboard Layouts Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_USERS root key that contains information about your computer’s keyboard layout. This keyboard configuration is set in the Control Panel’s Keyboard applet.


Local Server Subkey

A Class ID (CLSID) subkey that specifies the path and file name of the server program.


Network Subkey

As a subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key, it contains information about the user, the network, and a particular user’s logon to the network.

As a subkey of the HKEY_USERS root key, it contains information about past and present network connections.


Nibble

4 bits or ½ byte.


NullFile

An empty file. Sometimes when New is selected from the shortcut menu of a file whose extension is registered in the Registry, a NullFile is created.


OLE

(Object Linking and Embedding) Microsoft’s technology for sharing information (documents) and services (open, print, etc.) between applications and computer systems.


PerfStats Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_DYN_DATA root key. It contains performance information about networks and other components on the computer. You can view this information using Windows System Monitor, located in the Accessories\System Tools folder.


Plug and Play

The process supported by hardware in which it runs automatically. For example, a Plug and Play CD ROM drive will access and the CD ROM as soon as it is inserted in the drive.


ProgID

The default file type associated with a particular extension s defined in the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT key. For example, for the file type TXT, Notepad defines the ProgID as “txtfile”.


PropertySheetHandlers

A shell extension (ShellEx) subkey that defines additional pages to the properties sheets of the specified file type.


QuickView Subkey

A file type subkey indicating that files of the specified type may be viewed using the shortcut menu item QuickView, activating the QuickView program supplied by Windows.


Registry

A hierarchical database composed of keys and values which contain hardware configuration settings, software application settings, file associations and user preferences are stored. The registry takes the place of most Windows 3.1 INI and configuration files.


Registry Entry

A full path in the registry including both key and value: KEY\SUBKEY\Value name=Value data.


Root Key

Any of 6 registry entries located at the top of the registry’s hierarchical structure. The 6 root keys are: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, HKEY_USERS, HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG, and HKEY_DYN_DATA. Of these 6, the two main root keys are HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE and HKEY_USERS. All other keys are aliases for these keys which contain all registry information.


Security Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key. It contains information about network security.


SharedDLLS Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion subkey that contains information about DLL files which are shared by multiple programs. References to DLLs in this subkey are used by more than one application. The value name of this subkey is the path to the DLL file, and the value data is the number of programs using the DLL file.


ShellEx Subkey

A file type or CLSID subkey that defines what shell extensions apply to the given file type. Shell extensions include icon handlers, context menu handlers and properties sheet handlers.


Shell Extensions

Additions to Windows functionality including items on shortcut pop-up menus (context menu handlers) and drag and drop functionality.


Shell Subkey

Contains subkeys which define the actions available for a particular file type. These actions include view, print and explore. The actions appear in the file type’s context menu under the menu commands Open, Print and Explore.


ShellNew Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT extension keys that determines what happens when you select the New command from the shortcut menu (context menu) of a file with that particular extension. This subkey may have the following values: Command, FileName, NullFile and Data. The final 3 of these values are mutually exclusive: you won’t find more than one defined in any one ShellNew subkey.


Software Object

An OLE object—document, image, chart, graph, etc.—associated in the Registry with a particular application.


Software Subkey

As a subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key, it contains information about installed software programs, including file associations, OLE information and program settings.

As a subkey of the HKEY_USERS root key, it contains information about program settings on a per user basis. In Windows 3.1, this information was contained in the WIN.INI and private application INI files.


String

Text. Value data may be in the form of a string.


Subkey

Any registry entry that is subordinate to another entry, whether it be a root key or another subkey. Often referred to simply as a “key.”


System Settings

Windows internal settings. These settings are stored in the Registry


System Subkey

A subkey of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key. It contains information about how Windows 95 works, including the configuration and loading of device drivers on startup.


Unknown Subkey

A file type key that defines actions and shell extensions that apply to any extension that is not a registered file type.


User Profiles

Settings for multiples users on a single computer system. User profile information is stored in the Registry and is controlled by the Passwords applet in the Control Panel.


Value

Information associated with a key. Every key has a value which is made up a value name and a value data.


Value Data

The information defined by a value. Value data can be a string, a DWORD (32-bit) or binary.


Volatile Key

A key that is valid only until the next time the operating system is started.


WORD

An unsigned 16-bit integer with a value from 0 to 65,535.


Common File Extensions

Extension	Description
386	Windows virtual device driver
3GR	Screen grabber for MS-DOS applications
ACM	Audio compression manager driver
ADF	Administration configuration files
ANI	Animated mouse pointer
AVI	Video clip (Audio Video Interleave)
AWD	Fax viewer document
AWP	Fax key viewer
AWS	Fax signature viewer
BAK	Backup file
BAT	MS-DOS batch file
BFC	Briefcase
BIN	Binary data file
BMP	Windows bitmap
CAB	Windows cabinet file
CAL	Windows calendar file
CDA	CD audio track
CFG	Configuration file
CNT	Help contents
COM	MS-DOS application
CPD	Fax cover page
CPE	Fax cover page
CPI	International code page
CPL	Control Panel extension
CRD	Windows Cardfile document
CSV	Comma-separated data file
CUR	Cursor
DAT	System data file
DCX	Fax viewer document
DLL	Dynamic link library
DOC	Wordpad or Microsoft Word document
DOS	MS-DOS file
DRV	Device driver
EXE	Application
FND	Saved search
FON	Font file
FOT	Shortcut to a font
GR3	Windows 3.0 screen grabber
GRP	Program group file
HLP	Help file
HT	Hyperterminal file
ICM	ICM profile
ICO	Icon
IDF	MIDI instrument definition
INF	Setup information
INI	Initialization file
KBD	Keyboard layout
LGO	Windows logo driver
LIB	Static-link library
LNK	Shortcut
LOG	Log file
MCI	MCI command set
MDB	File viewer extension
MID	MIDI sequence
MIF	MIDI instrument file
MMF	Microsoft Mail message file
MMM	Animation
MPD	Mini-port driver
MSG	Microsoft Exchange mail document
MSN	Microsoft Network
NLS	Natural language services driver
PAB	Microsoft Exchange personal address book
PCX	Bitmap picture
PDR	Port driver
PF	ICM profile
PIF	Shortcut to an MS-DPS program
PPD	PostScript printer description file
PRT	Printer formatted file
PST	Microsoft Exchange personal information store
PWL	Password list
QIC	Backup set for Microsoft backup
REC	Windows Recorder file
REG	Exported Registry file
RMI	MIDI sequence
RTF	Rich text format document
SCR	Screen saver
SET	File set for Microsoft Backup
SHB	Shortcut to a document
SHS	Scrap
SPD	PostScript printer description file
SWP	Virtual memory file
SYS	System file
TIF	Tagged image file format picture file
TMP	Temporary file
TRN	Translation file
TSP	Windows telephone service provider
TTF	TrueType font
TXT	Text document
VBK	Microsoft Visual Basic control file
VER	Version description file
VXD	Virtual device driver
WAV	Sound file
WPC	WordPad file converter
WRI	Windows Write document