Glossary:
Glossary

A

access

account

address mask

ANSI

API

Application

ARP

ASCII

authenticator

autoexec.bat

B

backup

Bind

buffer

C

client

command line

CONFIG.SYS file

D

daemon

default

device name

DLL

DNS

domain

driver

E

Ethernet

Ethernet address

export

F

file access

file server

Finger

FTP

G

group Id

H

HLLAPI

host

host table

I

ICMP

IP

IP address

IPX/link

J

There are no glossary entries for this letter.

K

There are no glossary entries for this letter.

L

log in

log out

LPR/LPD

M

Mail server

MIB

MIB-II

mount

N

NDIS

NetBIOS

NETBUI

NetWare

network address

network printing

NEWT

NFS

NIC

O

There are no glossary entries for this letter.

P

parity

PCNFSD authenticator

Ping

POP

printer sharing

prompt

Q

There are no glossary entries for this letter.

R

RAM

remote

remote host

remote printer

RFC

router

RPC

S

script

server

SMTP

SNMP

subnet

subnet address

subnet mask

symbolic link

T

TCP/IP

Telnet

terminal emulator

TFTP

token-ring

TSR

U

user id

username

utility

V

There are no glossary entries for this letter.

W

There are no glossary entries for this letter.

X

There are no glossary entries for this letter.

Y

There are no glossary entries for this letter.

Z

There are no glossary entries for this letter.


access

Entry to or communication with a particular object, such as an operating system, specific files, or accounts.


account

An entity that is established as an authorized user of the system.


address mask

A bit mask used to select bits from an IP address for subnet addressing.  The mask is 32 bits long and selects the network portion of the IP address and one or more bits of the local portion.


ANSI

The American National Standards Institute sets standards for the U.S.  computer industry.  ANSI participates in defining network protocol standards.


API

Application Program Interface.  A standard interface that allows upper-layer applications to work with different communication protocol stacks.  Some of the most commonly used ones include NetBIOS, Berkeley Sockets, and Named Pipes.


Application

An application is a computer program that performs a certain task.  FTP, Telnet, TN3270 are some of the applications provided by NetManage.


ARP

Address Resolution Protocol.  The TCP/IP protocol used to dynamically bind a high-level IP address to a low-level physical hardware address.  ARP is only across a single physical network and is limited to networks that support hardware broadcast.


ASCII

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange, which is a widely accepted code for representing alphanumeric information.


authenticator

A password or code that verifies the identity of individual system or network users.


autoexec.bat

A file that resides on all PCs and contains a series of commands that are executed when the computer starts up.  This file includes the path command that points to the NETMANAG directory where the applications reside.


backup

The process of preserving copies of files on a different drive, directory, or media to protect against the destruction or loss of the original files.


Bind

The Bind application provides name server functions, such as a Domain Name Server (DNS).  You can specify multiple domains and a list of host names within each domain.  (See also Domain Name System.)


buffer

A temporary storage area for data during the transfer of that data between the computer and a peripheral or between parts of a computer to prevent loss of information.


client

A computer system that uses resources provided by another machine on the network.  Most of NetManage's applications can run as both client and server.


command line

The entire command string, including the command and any parameters or qualifiers that it may have.  A command is an instruction or request for the system to perform a particular action.


CONFIG.SYS file

This file resides on all PCs and defines which device drivers to install.


daemon

An agent program that runs continuously on a server system in a UNIX environment and provides resources to client systems on the network.


DLL

Dynamic Link Library.  Windows automatically loads the applications into memory when required and unloads it when space is needed for other applications.  The Chameleon applications are 100% DLL.


default

A value supplied by the system when a user does not specify a required command, parameter or qualifier.


device name

Identification of a physical device: for example, LPT1 for a printer.  A device name can also be a logical name that is equated to a physical device name.


domain

A named group of machines on the network.  A domain name consists of a sequence of names (labels) separated by periods (dots).


DNS

Domain Name System.  An online distributed database that maps machine names into IP addresses.  (See also Bind.)


driver

A software module that controls an input/output port or external device such as a keyboard or a monitor.  TCP/IP uses a driver to control the network interface cards.


Ethernet

Ethernet is a type of network that supports high-speed communication among systems.


Ethernet address

A six-part hexadecimal number in which a colon separates each part (for example, 8:0:20:1:2f:0).  This number identifies the Ethernet communications board installed in a PC and used to identify the PC as a member of the network.


export

The process that makes a file available so that other systems can access it.


file access

Allows users to work with a remote file as if the file were local.


FTP

File Transfer Protocol.  The FTP application is used to provide file transfer services across a wide variety of systems.  Usually implemented as application-level programs, FTP uses the Telnet and TCP protocols.  The server side requires a client to supply a login identifier and password before it will honor requests.


file server

A process running on a computer that provides access to files on that computer to programs running on remote machines.


Finger

A standard protocol that lists who is currently logged in on another host.


group ID

A unique number associated with each group name on the server.


HLLAPI

High-Level Language Application Program Interface, which you can use to program in highlevel languages such as COBOL, Pascal, BASIC, or C.


host

Any end-user computer system that connects to a network.  Hosts range in size from personal computers to supercomputers.


host table

ASCII text file in which each line is an entry consisting of one numeric address and one or more names associated with that address.


ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol.  The ICMP delivers error and control messages from hosts to the requesters.  An ICMP test can determine whether a destination is reachable and responding.


IP

The TCP/IP standard protocol defined as a unit of information passed across the Internet, providing the basis for packet delivery service.  IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part.  The entire protocol suite is often referred to as TCP/IP because TCP and IP are the two most fundamental protocols.


IPX/link

The IPX/link application for NetWare connects your PC Novell NetWare LAN through the Network Device Interface Specification (NDIS) developed by Microsoft and 3COM.


IP address

Internet protocol address.  This is a 32-bit address assigned to host on a TCP/IP Internet.  The IP address has a host component and a network component.


log in

To perform a sequence of actions at a terminal that establish a user's communication with the operating system and sets up default characteristics for the user's terminal session.


log out

To terminate interactive communication with the operating system, and end a terminal session.


LPR/LPD

Line Printer Remote/ Line Printer Daemon.  An application that allows you to print to network printers.


Mail server

A host and its associated software that offer electronic mail reception and forwarding service.  Users may send messages to, and receive messages from, any other user in the system.


MIB

Management Information Base.  The set of variables that a gateway running SNMP maintains.


MIB-II

An extended management database that contains variables not shared by SNMP.


mount

NFS user command that makes remote file systems and resources available to the local PC.


NDIS

Network Device Interface Specification.  NDIS is used for all communication with network adapters.  The specification was developed by Microsoft and 3COM to provide a common programming interface for MAC drivers and transport drivers.  NDIS works primarily with LAN Manager and allows multiple protocol stacks to share a single network interface card.


network address

A unique number associated with a host that identifies it to other hosts during network transactions.


NetBIOS

Network Basic Input/Output system.  It provides a Session Layer interface between network  applications running on a PC and the underlying protocol software of the Transport and Network Layers.


NETBUI

The NetBOIS Extended User Interface.  This is the transport layer driver frequently used by LAN Manager.


network printing

Printing to a shared printer locally attached to one of the PCs on the network.


NetWare

A network operating system developed by Novell.


NEWT

NetManage TCP/IP communication stack for Microsoft Windows.  NEWT provides users a degree of network access previously only available to workstation and mainframe users.


NFS

Network File System.  A protocol developed by Sun Microsystems that uses IP to allow a set of computers to access each other's file systems as if they were local.  Originally designed for UNIX systems, this protocol is implemented on many other operating systems, including DOS and Windows.


NIC

Network Information Center.  The NIC at SRI in Menlo Park, California, assigns IP addresses and network numbers by request.  The number assigned is appropriate to the number of host devices on the network.


parity

An error-checking procedure that is performed on transmitted data bits.


PCNSD authenticator
PCNFSD authenticator

A program that runs continuously and authenticates a username and password before attempting to mount a network drive, access files, or print on the network.


Ping

The Packet Internet Groper is a program that is useful for testing and debugging networks.  It sends an echo packet to the specified host, and waits for a response.  It reports success or failure and statistics about its operation.


POP

Post Office Protocol.  This protocol is used by the Mail application to provide electronic mail services.


printer sharing

The ability to make a printer attached to your PC available to other users on the network.


prompt

Word or words used by the system to assist a user's response.  Such messages generally ask the user to respond by typing some information in a supplied field.


RAM

RAM is random access memory.


remote

Files, devices, and users not attached to your local machine.


remote host

The computer receiving the network command.


remote printer

In LPR/LPD, a printer with a special network card, or a PC or workstation.


RFC

Request For Comment.  The RFC documents describe all aspects and issues associated with the Internet protocols.


RPC

Remote Procedure Call.  A mechanism defined by Sun Microsystems that provides a standard for initiating and controlling processes on remote or distributed computer systems.


router

A router has two or more network interfaces to different networks.  The primary function of a router is to direct packets between these networks, delivering them to their final destination or to another router.  When used with TCP/IP, the term refers to an IP gateway that routes data using IP destination addresses.


script

A sequence of ASCII text lines stored in a file.


server

A computer that provides services to a network.


SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.  A protocol used by the Mail application to provide electronic mail services.


SNMP

Simple Network Monitoring Protocol.  A standard protocol used to monitor network activity on "agent" nodes from management stations.


subnet

A field used by routers and hosts for routing packages on the network.


subnet address

An extension for the IP addressing that allows a site to use a single IP network address for multiple physical networks.


subnet mask

Identifies the subnet field of a network address.  The subnet mask is a 32-bit Internet address written in dotted-decimal notation with all the 1s in the network and subnet portions of the address.


symbolic link

An object on a server's file system that points to a file or directory.


TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.  TCP allows a process on one machine to send data to a process on another machine using the IP protocol.  TCP can be used as a full duplex or oneway simplex connection.


Telnet

Provides virtual terminal services for a wide variety of remote systems using the Telnet protocol.  The application allows a user at one site to interact with a remote system at another site as if the user's terminal is connected to the remote machine.


TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol.  A standard TCP/IP protocol that allows simple file transfer to and from a remote system without directory or file listing.  TFTP is used where FTP is not available.


terminal emulator

A program that makes a PC screen and keyboard act like a video display terminal of another computer.


TSR

Terminate-and Stay-resident.  A DOS program that is loaded into memory before Windows and stays in memory until the machine is rebooted.


token-ring

A type of ring-shaped network that supports high-speed communications between computers.  A distinguishing packet, called a "token," is transferred from machine to machine.  Only the machine that holds the token can transmit the packet.


user ID

A unique number, created by your system, that is associated with each username on a server system.  The system assigns your user ID to any files that you create.


username

A character string, usually assigned by the system administrator that identifies a user on the system.


utility

A command or operation that works at the level of the operating system.