Kurbatkin, V.P. (Central Asia Research Hydrometeorological Institute, Tashkent, Republik of Uzbekistan)
The analysed part of the Central Asia is within the rectangular confined by 35░ and 45░ N parallels and 50░ and 80░ E and is described by Turan climate conditions. This region is closed, and its moisture availability depends on the precipitation got by the whole region and substantially, it depends on availability of precipitation forming the discharge of rivers belonging to the region. Clouds and precipitation determining the weather and climate conditions, are themselves defined by the climate. The processes involved into the climate formation are:
processes of the heat-and water- exchange and general atmospheric circulation which, in combination with certain geographic conditions, determine the climate of the region. For simplicity it can be started that the moisture and energy which add to the formation of vertical droughts in this moistened air masses is needed for the precipitation formtion. The moisture, facilitating the formation of precipitation is mainly brought into the region from the west and north-west. The major part of precipitation and the most intensive precipitation in the region are determined by the moisture of Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Considering the imporatnce of water availability in the region, the issues of water supply are being investigated for a long time and continously. Basing on literature, the paper presents the quantities, characterizing the humid air masses and their precipitation amount during certain synoptic processes and in medium-climatic amounts. For the first time the paper puts forward the idea about water losses in the air masses, formed over water surface during their transformation in the region. Also, basing upon the climatic forming factors the options are considered for relization and non-relaization sufficient for the moisture transformation into precipitation. Basing on presented results the later is mainly determined by geographical environment of the region. To our opinion, this work will prove of value for understanding of weak and moderate cyclonic processes of Mediterranean area and for the estimation of different climate forming processes of Mediterranean area and for the estimation of different climate forming processes of each specified region during precipitation formation process.