Passive Matrix
For this kind of LCD's, transparent conductive lines for the rows and columns are applied to the glass above and
below the Liquid Crystal material. The brightness of the cells is controlled sequentially line by line. The Crystals are aligned by applying a voltage to a cell for a short time. They will start loose the alignment when the next line will be controlled. This kind is used of scheme could cause a lot of flicker, so LC material that has a slow response time - that means after the crystal is aligned by the field, it takes a long time to return to its unaligned state. The slow response means that fast moving objects will show some 'smearing' on the screen.