
chemistry


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table of contents

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careers chemistry

;3Ÿ
ÿÿÿÿ

;3 
;3¡
biochemists

0
;3¢
colorist
;3£
food chemist
;3¤
perfume technologists
;3¥
wastewater technician
#ÃF
atoms elements and chemical reactions
;3¦
bronze age sculpture
½ç‡
analyzing elemental burning
;3§
lavoisier antoine
k
;3¨
combustion
;3©
;3ª
earths atmosphere
#ÃF
applying math to chemical phenomena
;3¬
;3­
;3®
#ÃF
weighing and counting atoms
;3¯
niobium fuel rods
#ÃF
gases liquids and solids
;3°
molecular compounds
;3±
states of matter
#ÃF
gases
;3²
#ÃF
liquids
#ÃF
solids
;3³
sodium chloride crystals
;3´
carbon
chemical bonds
;3µ
chemical bond
#ÃF
the electron swarm
;3¶
helium airship
;3·
neon signs
#ÃF
valence electrons
;3¸
sodium chloride
the hydrogen bond
;3¹
hydrogen bond
;3º
ice crystal
#ÃF
the metallic bond
;3»
welding aluminum
#ÃF
solutions acids and bases

;3¼
bronze italian fountain
;3½
beer production
#ÃF
molarity
#ÃF
ionization
;3¾
set of electrodes
;3¿
;3À
#ÃF
chemical reactions

;3Á
faraday michael
;3Â
potash mine
;3Ã
electrolysis of water
#ÃF
molecules and energy
;3Ä
chemical reaction
#ÃF
reversible reactions
;3Å
#ÃF
oxidationreduction reactions
;3Æ
error
;3Ç
;3È
;3É
voltaic cell
;3Ê
;3Ë
electrolysis of molten sodium chloride
;3Ì
electrolysis of brine
#ÃF
multiple oxidation states
;3Í
nitrogen
;3Î
dynamite
;3Ï
spraying fertilizer
#ÃF
other chemical reactions
;3Ð
elimination reactions
;3Ñ
metal smelting
#ÃF
inside the atom
;3Ò
hydrogen bomb explosion
;3Ó
simple atoms
#ÃF
isotopes
#ÃF
electron shells
;3Ô
shell diagrams
#ÃF
electron orbitals
;3Õ
atomic orbitals
;3Ö
hydrogen atoms
#ÃF
quantum numbers
#ÃF
major groups of elements
;3×
unreactive metals
;3Ø
periodicity
½ç¢
regularities
;3Ù
periodic table
#ÃF
hydrogen
;3Ú
#ÃF
properties
;3Û
hydrogenfilled airship
;3Ü
spacecraft
compounds and uses
#ÃF!
;3Ý
fusion reaction
#ÃF"
alkali metals
;3Þ
#ÃF#
lithium
#ÃF$
sodium and potassium
;3ß
streetlights
;3à
preserved meat
#ÃF%
rubidium cesium and francium
#ÃF&
alkaline earth metals
;3á
#ÃF'
beryllium and magnesium
;3â
hang glider
#ÃF(
calcium strontium and barium
;3ã
mollusk shells
;3ä
fireworks
;3å
xray photograph
#ÃF)
radium
#ÃF*
transition metals
;3æ
#ÃF+
first series scandium through zinc
#ÃF,
second series yttrium through cadmium
;3ç
silver halide crystals
#ÃF-
third series i lanthanum and the rare earths
;3è
lanthanide contraction
#ÃF.
third series ii hafnium through mercury
;3é
tungsten carbide
;3ê
pen nib
;3ë
platinum seal
;3ì
goldplated microchips
#ÃF/
fourth series actinium through lawrencium
#ÃF0
the boron group
;3í
boron group
#ÃF1
aluminum
;3î
hydrangeas
;3ï
aluminium extraction
#ÃF2
gallium indium and thallium
;3ð
electronic components
#ÃF3
carbon and silicon to lead
;3ñ
carbon to lead
#ÃF4
;3ò
carbon cycle
#ÃF5
silicon and germanium
#ÃF6
tin
;3ó
tin cans
#ÃF7
lead
;3ô
galena
#ÃF8
nitrogen and phosphorus to bismuth
;3õ
nitrogen to bismuth
#ÃF9
#ÃF:
nitrogen cycle
;3ö
#ÃF;
phosphorus
;3÷
#ÃF<
arsenic antimony and bismuth
#ÃF=
oxygen and sulfur to polonium
;3ø
oxygen to polonium
#ÃF>
oxygen
;3ù
oxygen preparation
#ÃF?
sulfur
;3ú
solid sulfur
;3û
sulfur extraction
;3ü
sulfuric acid
#ÃF@
selenium tellurium and polonium
#ÃFA
halogens

;3ý
halide lamps
;3þ
#ÃFB
fluorine
#ÃFC
chlorine
;3ÿ
swimming pool
#ÃFD
bromine and iodine
;4
bromine and chlorine
#ÃFE
rare gases
;4
noble gases
#ÃFF
helium
;4
helium balloons
#ÃFG
neon to radon
;4
neon sign
#ÃFH
organic chemistry

;4
oil drilling platform
½çÎ
carbons combining power
#ÃFI
natural pigments
;4
indigo
#ÃFJ
improving on nature
;4
azo dyes
;4
penicillin
;4
computergenerated simulation
#ÃFK
saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
#ÃFL
alkane production and uses
#ÃFM
syngas and biogas
#ÃFN
reactions
isomers
#ÃFO
cyclic hydrocarbons
#ÃFP
longchain hydrocarbons polymers
polymers
#ÃFQ
unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
;4
alkenes
#ÃFR
#ÃFS
uses of alkenes
;4
theatrical makeup
#ÃFT
acetylene and the alkynes
alkynes
;4
car tires
#ÃFU
aromatic hydrocarbons
#ÃFV
benzene
;4
#ÃFW
toluene
#ÃFX
xylenes
#ÃFY
condensed aromatic hydrocarbons
;4
#ÃFZ
cancercausing properties
#ÃF[
halogenated hydrocarbons
#ÃF\
halogenation reactions
#ÃF]
reactions of organic halogen compounds
#ÃF^
industrial uses
;4
polyvinyl chloride
;4
polyvinyl chloride containers
#ÃF_
chlorinated pesticides
;4
insecticide
#ÃF`
alcohols
#ÃFa
structure
;4
alcohol reactions
#ÃFb
methanol and ethanol
;4
alcohol boiling point
;4
alcohol fermentation
;4
motor vehicle
#ÃFc
aldehydes and ketones
#ÃFd
preparation and uses
;4
#ÃFe
methanal and other simple aldehydes
;4
aldehydes
;4
biological specimens
#ÃFf
propanone and simple ketones
;4
cellulose thinner
#ÃFg
acetals
#ÃFh
organic acids
;4
#ÃFi
carboxylic acids
;4
ant venom
;4
runners
#ÃFj
esters
#ÃFk
formation
#ÃFl
uses
;4
aircraft
;4!
wine cellar
#ÃFm
nitrogen compounds
;4"
ammonia
;4#
butterfly wing
#ÃFn
structure and properties of amines
;4$
dead fish
;4%
mouse
#ÃFo
preparation and reactions amines and amides
#ÃFp
heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
;4&
aromatic nitrogen
;4'
chelating agents
#ÃFq
nitriles
#ÃFr
nitrogenoxygen compounds oximes
#ÃFs
nitro compounds
;4(
explosives
#ÃFt
nitroso compounds
#ÃFu
organosulfur organophosphorus and organometal compounds

;4)
organosulfur compounds
;4*
skunk
#ÃFv
reactions of thiols
#ÃFw
organophosphorus compounds
#ÃFx
organometal compounds
;4+
ferrocene
#ÃFy
complex organic compounds
#ÃFz
alkaloids
;4,
coffee plant
#ÃF{
synthetic pesticides
;4-
locusts
#ÃF|
synthetic and natural drugs
#ÃF}
artificial sweeteners and flavorings
;4.
monosodium glutamate
#ÃF~
biochemistry
;4/
digestion
;40
starling feeding
½è
large and small molecules
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control mechanisms
;41
porphyrins
#ÃF€
polysaccharides and sugars
;42
polysaccharides
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#ÃF‚
common carbohydrates
;43
bee hive
;44
silkworms
#ÃFƒ
lipids
;45
#ÃF„
triglycerides
#ÃF…
phospholipids
;46
#ÃF†
sphingolipids
;47
nerve fibers
#ÃF‡
lipids in the diet
;48
palm nuts
;49
cholesterol
#ÃFˆ
proteins and amino acids
;4:
red deer
#ÃF‰
amino acids
;4;
;4<
polypeptides
#ÃFŠ
structures of proteins
#ÃF‹
specialized proteins
;4=
hemoglobin
#ÃFŒ
enzymes
;4>
fungi
#ÃF
properties of enzymes
#ÃFŽ
controlling enzyme functions
;4?
lockandkey theory
#ÃF
enzyme systems
;4@
animal sexual reproduction
#ÃF
nucleic acids
#ÃF‘
structures of nucleic acids
;4A
dna
#ÃF’
the genetic code
#ÃF“
protein synthesis
;4B
#ÃF”
mutations
#ÃF•
biochemical energy
;4C
bacteria and algae
#ÃF–
anabolism and catabolism
#ÃF—
the role of atp
;4D
role of atp
#ÃF˜
hydrogen and electron carriers
;4E
hydrogen and electron carrier system
#ÃF™
glycolysis
;4F
glycolysis and krebs cycle
#ÃFš
acetyl coenzyme a
#ÃF›
krebs cycle or citric acid cycle
;4G
krebs cycle
#ÃFœ
fatty acid oxidation
#ÃF
protein oxidation
#ÃFž
amino acid degradation and the urea cycle
#ÃFŸ
photosynthesis
#ÃF 
the light reaction
;4H
photosynthesis first part
#ÃF¡
the dark reaction
;4I
photosynthesis second part
#ÃF¢
biochemical messengers
;4J
metamorphosis
;4K
plant shoots
#ÃF£
types of hormones
;4L
ski jumper
;4M
steroids
#ÃF¥
biotechnology
;4P
breadmaking
#ÃF¦
industrial enzymes
#ÃF§
genetic engineering
;4Q
fruit flies
;4R
dna strands
#ÃF¨
largescale biotechnology
;4S
singlecell protein
#ÃF¤
special feature sending messages via pheromones
;4N
;4t
;4O
#ÃF©
analytical chemistry
;4T
laboratory technician
;4U
collecting water sample
;4V
analytical techniques
½è2
;4W
double helix
;4X
forensic analysis
;4Y
highaltitude balloon
#ÃFª
beginnings
#ÃF«
separation
;4Z
chemical analysis
#ÃF¬
detection
;4[
quantitative techniques
#ÃF­
analysis qualitative versus quantitative
;4\
quality control testing
#ÃF®
qualitative inorganic analysis
;4]
#ÃF¯
qualitative organic analysis
;4^
flame tests
#ÃF°
quantitative inorganic analysis
;4_
volumetric analysis
#ÃF±
spectroscopic analysis
;4`
electromagnetic spectrum
#ÃF²
emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption
#ÃF³
electronic spectra
#ÃF´
infrared and raman spectroscopy
;4a
infrared spectrometer
#ÃFµ
resonance spectroscopies
;4b
nuclear magnetic spectrometer
#ÃF¶
advanced instrumental analysis
;4c
spectrophotometer
#ÃF·
mass spectrometry
;4d
mass spectrograph
;4e
mass spectrogram
#ÃF¸
surface analysis
#ÃF¹
radiochemical analysis
#ÃFº
thermal analysis
#ÃF»
thermogravimetry
;4f
thermal decomposition
;4g
thermal balance
#ÃF¼
differential analysis
;4h
differential thermal analysis
#ÃF½
chromatography
#ÃF¾
types of chromatography
;4i
twophase chromatography
;4j
lowpressure chromatography
#ÃF¿
column chromatography
;4k
#ÃFÀ
plate thinlayer chromatography tlc
;4l
paper chromatography
#ÃFÁ
;4m
descending paper chromatography
;4n
ascending paper chromatography
#ÃFÂ
gas chromatography
;4o
scientist analyzing fuel
;4p
gas chromatograph
#ÃFÃ
gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
#ÃFÄ
high performance liquid chromatography
#ÃFÅ
preparative chromatography
#ÃFÆ
other methods of separation
#ÃFÇ
special feature beyond simple chemistry thresholds of discovery
;4q
chemical researcher
;4r
silver film image
;4s
chlorophyll
#ÃFÈ
glossary
Â
½èR
absorption
#ÃFÉ
acid
#ÃFÊ
actinide
#ÃFË
activation energy
#ÃFÌ
addition reaction
#ÃFÍ
adenosine triphosphate
#ÃFÎ
adsorption
#ÃFÏ
alcohol
#ÃFÐ
aldehyde
#ÃFÑ
alicyclic
#ÃFÒ
aliphatic
#ÃFÓ
alkali
#ÃFÔ
alkaloid
#ÃFÕ
alkane
#ÃFÖ
alkene
#ÃF×
alkyl group

#ÃFØ
alkyne

#ÃFÙ
allotropy

#ÃFÚ
alloy

#ÃFÛ
alpha particle

#ÃFÜ
amine

#ÃFÝ
amino acid

#ÃFÞ

#ÃFß
anion

#ÃFà
anode

#ÃFá
antibiotic

#ÃFâ
antibody

#ÃFã
argonon

#ÃFä
aromaticity

#ÃFå
asymmetry

#ÃFæ
atom

#ÃFç
atomic number
#ÃFè
atp
!
#ÃFé
base
"
#ÃFê
beta particle
#
#ÃFë
$
#ÃFì
bond
%
#ÃFí
carbohydrate
&
#ÃFî
carbonyl group
'
#ÃFï
carboxyl group
(
#ÃFð
carboxylic acid
)
#ÃFñ
catalysis
*
#ÃFò
catalyst
+
#ÃFó
cathode
,
#ÃFô
cation
-
#ÃFõ
cellulose
.
#ÃFö
chain reaction
/
#ÃF÷
chelation
#ÃFø
1
#ÃFù
2
#ÃFú
chromophore
3
#ÃFû
codon
4
#ÃFü
coenzyme
5
#ÃFý
complex
6
#ÃFþ
compound
7
#ÃFÿ
concentration
8
#ÃG
condensation reaction
9
#ÃG
conductivity
:
#ÃG
coordinate bond
;
#ÃG
coordination compound
<
#ÃG
coordination number
=
#ÃG
corrosion
>
#ÃG
covalent bond
?
#ÃG
cracking
@
#ÃG
cyclic
A
dalton
B
delocalized electron
C
#ÃG
deoxyribonucleic acid
D
#ÃG
E
electrode
F
#ÃG
electrolysis
G
#ÃG
H
#ÃG
electron
I
#ÃG
electroplating
J
#ÃG
element
K
#ÃG
endothermic reaction
L
#ÃG
enzyme
M
#ÃG
equilibrium
N
#ÃG
esterification
O
#ÃG
exothermic reaction
P
#ÃG
fermentation
Q
#ÃG
fluorescence
R
#ÃG
free radical
S
#ÃG
gamma ray
T
#ÃG
gene
U
#ÃG
halflife
V
#ÃG
halide
W
#ÃG
halogen
X
heterocyclic compound
Y
#ÃG!
heteronuclear
Z
#ÃG"
hexose
[
#ÃG#
homogeneous
\
#ÃG$
homonuclear
]
#ÃG%
hormone
^
#ÃG&
hydrocarbon
_
#ÃG'
`
#ÃG(
hydrogen ion concentration
a
#ÃG)
hydrophilic
b
#ÃG*
hydrophobic
c
#ÃG+
hydroxyl group
d
#ÃG,
inert gas
e
#ÃG-
infrared radiation
f
#ÃG.
inhibition
g
#ÃG/
inorganic chemistry
h
#ÃG0
intermediate state
i
#ÃG1
ion
j
#ÃG2
ionic bond
#ÃG3
ionizing radiation
l
#ÃG4
isomerism
m
#ÃG5
isotope
n
#ÃG6
ketone
o
#ÃG7
lanthanide
p
#ÃG8
ligand
q
#ÃG9
lipid
r
#ÃG:
lone pair
s
#ÃG;
macromolecule
t
#ÃG<
mass number
u
#ÃG=
metal
v
#ÃG>
microwave
w
#ÃG?
molecular biology
x
#ÃG@
molecule
y
#ÃGA
monomer
z
#ÃGB
monosaccharide
{
#ÃGC
neutralization
|
#ÃGD
neutron
}
#ÃGE
~
#ÃGF
nuclear fission

#ÃGG
nuclear fusion
€
#ÃGH
nucleic acid

#ÃGI
nucleotide
‚
#ÃGJ
nucleus
ƒ
#ÃGK
olefin
„
#ÃGL
orbital
…
#ÃGM
†
#ÃGN
oxidation
‡
#ÃGO
paraffin
ˆ
#ÃGP
pentose
‰
#ÃGQ
peptide
Š
#ÃGR
‹
#ÃGS
ph
Œ
#ÃGT
pheromone

#ÃGU
phosphorescence
Ž
#ÃGV
photochemistry

#ÃGW

#ÃGX
plastic
‘
#ÃGY
polymer
’
#ÃGZ
polysaccharide
“
#ÃG[
precipitate
”
#ÃG\
protein
•
#ÃG]
proton
–
#ÃG^
quantum number
—
#ÃG_
radiation
˜
#ÃG`
radical
™
#ÃGa
radioactivity
š
#ÃGb
rare earth
›
#ÃGc
œ
#ÃGd
reactant

#ÃGe
reaction
ž
#ÃGf
reagent
Ÿ
#ÃGg
reduction
 
#ÃGh
ribonucleic acid
¡
#ÃGi
ribosome
¢
#ÃGj
rna
£
#ÃGk
salt
¤
#ÃGl
saponification
¥
#ÃGm
saturation
¦
#ÃGn
shell
§
#ÃGo
solute
¨
#ÃGp
solution
©
#ÃGq
solvent
ª
#ÃGr
spectroscopy
«
#ÃGs
spectrum
¬
#ÃGt
starch
­
#ÃGu
stereoisomerism
®
#ÃGv
steroid
¯
#ÃGw
sublimation
°
#ÃGx
sugar
±
#ÃGy
superconductivity
²
#ÃGz
synthesis
³
#ÃG{
tautomerism
´
#ÃG|
titration
µ
#ÃG}
transition element
¶
#ÃG~
transition state
·
#ÃG
triglyceride
¸
#ÃG€
triose
¹
#ÃG
ultraviolet radiation
º
#ÃG‚
unsaturated compound
»
#ÃGƒ
unsaturation
¼
#ÃG„
vaccine
½
#ÃG…
valence
¾
#ÃG†
virus
¿
#ÃG‡
vitamin
À
#ÃGˆ
wavelength
Á
#ÃG‰
x ray
;šÉÿ
copyright information
;šÉþ
overview