World Book Editorial Advisory Board

Mary Alice Anderson, B.S., M.A.

Lead Media Specialist, Winona Area Public Schools, Winona, Minnesota, United States

Chris Dede, B.S., Ed.D.

Timothy E. Wirth Professor of Learning Technologies, and Chair, Learning and Teaching, Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

Lynn Fontana, B.A., M.Ed., Ph.D.

Executive Vice President of Education, Nobel Learning Communities, Inc., Media, Pennsylvania, United States

K. N. Panikkar, M.A., Ph.D.

Vice Chancellor, Sree Sankaracharya University, Kalady, Kerala, India

Sir William Taylor, C.B.E., B.Sc.Econ., Ph.D., LL.D., D.Sc., Ed.D., D.C.L., D.Litt., D.Soc.Sc. (Ed.), D.Univ., F.C.P.

Honorary Fellow and Former Director, University of London Institute of Education, London, England, United Kingdom; Visiting Professor, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom

Scott L. Waugh, B.A., Ph.D.

Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States

World Book Editorial Consultants

David J. Bercuson, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor of History, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Marianna Anderson Busch, B.A., Ph.D.

Professor and Chair, Department of Chemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States

Anne Innis Dagg, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Academic Adviser, Independent Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Jesus Garcia, M.A., Ed.D.

Professor of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States

Marc B. Garnick, M.D.

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Michael F. Graves, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor and Head of Literacy Education, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Alan E. Mann, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States

Adrian Mitchell, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Associate Professor, Department of English, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Jay M. Pasachoff, A.B., A.M., Ph.D.

Field Memorial Professor of Astronomy and Director, Hopkins Observatory of Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States

Michael Plante, Ph.D.

Jesse J. Poesch Professor of Art History, Newcomb Art Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Robert B. Prigo, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

Director of Teacher Education and Professor of Physics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, United States

Michael Seidel, B.A., M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Professor, Department of English and Comparative Literature, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States

Whitney Smith, A.M., A.B., Ph.D.

Director, The Flag Research Center, Winchester, Massachusetts, United States

Ivan Soll, A.B., Ph.D.

Professor of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States

President and Publisher

Robert C. Martin

Project Content Team

Managing Editor

Howard Timms

Assistant Managing Editor

Tim Falk

International Editor

Lloyd Lindo

Special Projects Editor

Jennifer Parello

Media Editor

Tina Trettin

Production Editors

Cortez McKinney

Alana Papernik

Assistant Art Director

Melanie J. Bender

Editorial

Editor in Chief

Dale W. Jacobs

Managing Editor

Paul A. Kobasa

Managing Editors

Sara Dreyfuss, Article Editing

Warren Silver, Current Revision

Assistant Managing Editor

Michael B. Schuldt

Subject Editors

Sarah Bright

Brad Finger

Nicholas Kilzer

Barbara Lanctot

Mike Lewis

Jay Myers

Mike Noren

Jay Powers

Thomas J. Wrobel

Daniel O. Zeff

Production Editors

Megan Caras

Dawn Krajcik

Daniel J. Marotta

Cartographic Services

H. George Stoll, Head

Wayne K. Pichler, Manager, Cartographic Database

John Rejba, Staff Cartographer

Indexing Services

David Pofelski, Head

Statistical Services

Ken Shenkman, Head

Production Manager

Audrey Casey

General Publishing and Annuals

Managing Editor

Maureen Mostyn Liebenson

World Book Year Book Editor

Scott Thomas

Senior Editors

Tim Frystak

Al Smuskiewicz

Kristina Vaicikonis

Staff Editors

Jeffrey De La Rosa

Lexicographer

Justyn Moulds

Research and Library Services

Manager

Loranne K. Shields

Head, Library Services

Jon Fjortoft

Researchers

Madolynn H. Cronk

Lynn Durbin

Cheryl Graham

Karen A. McCormack

Anel Mendez Velazquez

Art and Design

Acting Manager

Sandra M. Dyrlund

Photographs Editor

Sylvia Ohlrich

Senior Designers

Don Di Sante

Isaiah Sheppard

Brenda Tropinski

Proofreader

Anne Dillon

Permissions

Janet T. Peterson

Support Staff

Rose M. Barberio

Teresa Dunne

Curley Hunter

Gwendolyn Johnson

Carmen Jusino

Ethel Matthews

John Whitney

Production Team

Chief Technology Officer

Tim Hardy

Director, Electronic Production

Adam Zoghlin

Senior Systems Engineer

Tony Urban

Systems Engineer

Jason Moser

Manager, Database Production

D. Leigh Daeuble

Publishing Systems Manager

Dan Ogle

Software Engineer

Harper Reed

Production Coordinator

Sue Ryan

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