Sumeria
2630-2600 BC 
Ur 
En Men Barage Si

Egypt   
2780 BC
Memphis
Zoser

Minoans
2500 BC
Knossos
Minos

Indus Valley
2400 BC
Mohenjodarra
Unknown

Babylonia
1792-1750 BC
Babylon
Hammurabi

Shang Dynasty
1722 BC
Anyang
Ch'eng T'ang

Aryans
1500 BC
None
Sudas

Assyria
1274-1245 BC
Asur
Shalamaneser I

Chou Dynasty
1027 BC
Loyang
King Wen

Vedic City States
1000 BC
Mithila
Janaka

Greek City States
675 BC
Athens
Pheidos of Argos

Scythians
675 BC
None
Kashtariti

Carthaginia
520 BC
Carthage
Hasdrubal

Persia
521-485 BC
Persepolis
Darius the Great

Celts
450 BC
None
Ambigatus

Macedonia
336-323 BC
Pella
Alexander the Great

Maurya
272-231 BC
Pataliputra
Asoka

Han Dynasty
140-87 BC
Chang-An
Wu-Ti

Hsiung-Nu
174-160 BC
None
Lao Shangi

Romans
59-44 BC
Rome
Julius Caesar

Sassanids
227-241 AD
Ctesiphon
Ardashir I

Guptas
375-414 AD
Pataliputra
Chandragupta

Goths
395-410 AD
None
Alaric I

Huns
445-453 AD
None
Attila

Byzantines
527-565 AD
Byzantium
Justinian I

T'ang Dynasty
627-649 AD
Chang-An
T'ai-Tsung

Arabs
634-644 AD
Mecca
Omar

Khmers
657-695 AD
Isanapura
Jayavarman I

Franks
768-814 AD
Aachen
Charlemagne

Vikings
840 AD
None
Ragnar Lodbruk

Holy Roman Empire
962-973 AD
Madgeburg
Otto the Great

Chola
985-1014 AD
Tanjore
Rajaraja

Sung Dynasty
1068-1085 AD
Kaifeng
Shen-Tsung

Seljuk Turks
1127-1146 AD
None
Zengi

Mongols
1196-1227 AD
None
Genghis Khan

Ming Dynasty
1368-1398 AD
Nanking
Hung-Wu

Timurid Emirates
1395-1405 AD
Samarkand
Tamerlane

Incas and Aztecs
1438-1471 AD and 1440-1468 AD
Cuzco and Tenochtitlan
Pachacuti Yupanqui and Moctezuma

Ottoman Turks
1451-1481 AD
Broussa
Mehmed II

Portugal
1495-1521 AD
Lisbon
Manuel I

Spain
1519-1556 AD
Madrid
Charles V

Mughals
1556-1605 AD
Delhi
Akbar

Russia
1547-1584 AD
Moscow
Ivan the Terrible

Manchu Dynasty
1662-1722 AD
Peking
K'ang Hsi

Netherlands
1672-1702 AD
The Hague
William III

France
1799-1815 AD
Paris
Napolean

Britain
1837-1901 AD
London
Victoria

United States
1868-1877 AD
Washington
Grant

Germany
1888-1918 AD
Berlin
Wilhelm II