.\" @(#)$Id: Ref.guide,v 4.1.1.1 90/06/09 22:49:11 syd Exp $ .\" Reference guide to the Elm mail system. .\" format with .\" troff tmac.n Ref.guide > Ref.format .\" Elm is now in the public trust. Bug reports, comments, suggestions, flames .\" etc. should go to: .\" Syd Weinstein elm@DSI.COM (dsinc!elm) .\" (C) Copyright 1986, 1987 Dave Taylor .\" (C) Copyright 1988, 1989, 1990 Usenet Community Trust .\" $Log: Ref.guide,v $ .\" Revision 4.1.1.1 90/06/09 22:49:11 syd .\" Droped obsolete control Q command from list .\" From: Joe Wasik .\" Revision 4.1 90/04/28 22:41:08 syd .\" checkin of Elm 2.3 as of Release PL0 .po 1i .ds h0 .ds h1 .ds h2 .ds f0 .ds f1 .ds f2 .nr Hy 1 .nr Pt 1 .nr Pi 0 .lg 0 .sv |3.0i .ce 99 .ps 20 .ss 18 .vs 12 \f3The Elm Reference Guide\f1 .sp 3 .ps 12 .ss 14 .vs 14 \f2A comprehensive list of all commands, options and such to the \f3Elm\fP mail system\f1 .sp 2 Dave Taylor Hewlett-Packard Laboratories 1501 Page Mill Road Palo Alto CA 94304 .sp 3 email: taylor@hplabs.HP.COM or hplabs!taylor .sp 3 >>> Elm is now in the public trust. Bug reports, comments, etc. to: <<< Syd Weinstein Datacomp Systems, Inc. 3837 Byron Road Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006-2320 email: elm\s-1@\s+1DSI.COM or dsinc\s-1!\s+1elm .sp 3 .ps 18 \f3\(co\f1\s12 Copyright 1986, 1987 by Dave Taylor .ps 18 \f3\(co\f1\s12 Copyright 1988, 1989, 1990 by The USENET Community Trust .ce 0 .ps 10 .ss 12 .vs 12 .bp 1 .sv 5v .ce 99 .ps 14 \f3The Elm Reference Guide\f1 .ds h0 "Elm Reference Guide .ds h1 .ds h2 "Version 2.3 .ds f0 "May 1, 1990 .ds f1 "Page % .ps 10 (Version 2.3) .sp 2 Dave Taylor Hewlett-Packard Laboratories 1501 Page Mill Road Palo Alto CA 94304 email: taylor@hplabs.HP.COM or hplabs!taylor .sp 2 >>> Elm is now in the public trust. Bug reports, comments, etc. to: <<< Syd Weinstein Datacomp Systems, Inc. 3837 Byron Road Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006-2320 email: elm\s-1@\s+1DSI.COM or dsinc\s-1!\s+1elm .sp 2 May 1, 1990 .ce 0 .sp 3 .hn 1 Introduction There are many parts to a complex software system and \f3The Elm Mail System\f1 is no different. This document describes fully all the options available in the mailer, including the command line options, the commands (in considerably more detail than in \f2The Elm Users Guide\f1) and the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file. To be more explicit, this document covers: a discussion of the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file, command line options of \f2elm\f1, outgoing mail processing, responses of various commands, mail archive folders, the Alias system, system aliases etc, more on the \f3Elm\f1 utilities, and a section for expert mail users. Without any further ado, then, let's get this show on the road!! .hn 1 "The .elm/elmrc File" Elm, like lots of other software on the Unix\v'-.3'\s5TM\s10\v'.3' system, has the ability to automatically read in a configuration file at each invocation. The file must be called \f2elmrc\f1 and reside in the \f2.elm\f1 directory located in your home directory. It can have any of the entries below, in any order. If you are missing any entries, or if you don't have an \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file, the default values (listed below for each option) will be used. Note that those options below designated with * can be altered using elm via the o)ptions screen. Also note that when you save a new \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file via the `>' command of the options screen, it will be (re)created including even those options that have default values. .ne 8 .hu String Variables .lp alternatives 1.0i This is a list of other machine/username combinations that you receive mail from (forwarded). This is used when the \f2group reply\f1 feature is invoked to ensure that you don't send yourself a copy of the outbound message. (The default is a list of no alternatives.) .lp calendar* 1.0i This is used in conjunction with the `<' \f2scan message for calendar entries\f1 command, as the file to append any found calendar entries to. (The default is \f2calendar\f1 in your home directory.) .lp editor* 1.0i The editor to use when typing in new mail. If you select ``none'' or ``builtin'' you'll get a Berkeley Mail style interface for all mail that doesn't already have text in the buffer (e.g. a reply, mail with a ``signature'', etc). (The default is to use the value of $EDITOR in your current environment, and if not set, an editor selected by the person who configured \f2elm\f1 for your system.) .lp escape 1.0i The character used with the ``builtin'' editor (see above) to escape from text entry to input a command. When a line begins with this character, the editor interprets it as a command rather than as text to add. (The default is ``~''.) .lp fullname* 1.0i This is the name the mailer will use in messages you send. It is highly recommended that you use your full name and nothing strange or unusual, as that can appear extremely rude to people receiving your mail. (The default is to use the ``gcos'' field from the \f2/etc/passwd\f1 file on systems that use this field to store full names, and to use the contents of \f2.fullname\f1 in your home directory on other systems.) .lp maildir* 1.0i This is your folder directory. When you specify a folder name beginning with the `=' metacharacter\s-2\u1\d\s0, 1. Note that `%' and `+' are synonymous with `=' throughout \f2elm\f1 it stands for this directory name. That is, if you save a message to folder \f2=stuff\f1 the `=' will be expanded to the current value of \f2maildir\f1. (The default is the directory \f2Mail\fP in your home directory.) .lp tmpdir* 1.0i Use this if you want to define your own directory for the temporary file Elm creates while running. This is only necessary if using the system temporary directory could cause problems, such as when not all NFS clients mount the common temporary directory, or when the temporary directory is prone to being cleared periodically. The default entry of the system temporary directory is normally ok. .lp pager 1.0i This is the program to be used to display messages. You can specify ``builtin'' or the name of any standard pager. If you use ``builtin+'', each screenfull of displayed message is ``paged'' from the top of your screen with a title line, while ``builtin'' simply ``scrolls up'' subsequent screenfulls once it has ``paged'' the first screenfull. (The default is to use the value of $PAGER in your current environment, and if not set, a pager selected by the person who configured \f2elm\f1 for your system, quite likely ``builtin+''.) .lp attribution 1.0i When you \f2forward\f1 a message or \f2reply\f1 to it, you can optionally attribute the quoted text to its original author. Defining the attribution string here allows you to indicate the form that the attribution should take. The sequence `%s' in the attribution will be replaced by the name of the original author. Examples are: .ft CW attribution = According to %s: attribution = %s writes: .ft 1 .lp prefix 1.0i When you \f2reply\f1 to a message or \f2forward\f1 a message to another person, you can optionally include the original message. Defining the prefix value here allows you to indicate what the prefix of each included line should be. (The default is ``>\ '' and is standard in the Unix community.) .lp print* 1.0i This is the command used for printing messages. There are two possible formats for it, either a command that can have a filename affixed to (as a suffix) before being executed, or a string that contains the meta-sequence `%s' which will be replaced by the name of the file before being executed. Examples of each are: .ft CW print = print -formfeed print = pr %s | lpr .ft 1 (The default is set by the person who configured \f2elm\f1 for your system.) .lp receivedmail 1.0i This is the folder to which incoming mail is saved after you've read it. When you answer \f2no\f1 (`n') to the ``keep unread messages in your incoming mailbox?'' prompt or \f2yes\f1 (`y') to the ``store read messages in your "received" folder?'', this is where the messages go. (The default is "=received", that is, a folder called \f2received\f1 in your \f2maildir\f1 directory). .lp sentmail* 1.0i This is the folder to which a copy of outgoing mail is automatically saved. This will only be done if the \f2copy\f1 flag is turned on (see below). Also note that if the \f2savename\f1 feature (see below) is enabled then this folder may be ignored since the program may save to a folder that has the same name as the login of the person you're sending to. Whether or not a copy is saved, and to what folder, can be changed just prior to sending a message, see below. (The default is "=sent", that is, a folder called \f2sent\f1 in your \f2maildir\f1 directory). .lp shell 1.0i This defines the shell to use when doing ``!'' escapes and such. (The default is to use the value of $SHELL in your current environment, and if not set, a shell selected by the person who configured \f2elm\f1 for your system.) .lp signature 1.0i This file, if defined, will be automatically appended to all outbound mail before the editor is invoked. Furthermore, if you'd like a different ``.signature'' file for \f2local\f1 mail and \f2remote\f1 mail (remote being via other hosts), you can alternatively define two variables, \f2localsignature\f1 and \f2remotesignature\f1, to have the same functionality. (The default is "localsignature" and "remotesignature" in your home directory.) .lp sortby* 1.0i You can have your folder sorted by any of the following ways: .ta 1i from This will sort according to whom each message is \f2from\f1. lines This will sort \f2shortest\f1 to \f2longest\f1 by message. mailbox This will leave the messages in the order found in the folder. received This will sort \f2least recently received\f1 to \f2most recently received\f1. sent This will sort \f2least recently sent\f1 to \f2most recently sent\f1. status This will sort by priority, action, new, tagged, then deleted. subject This will sort according to the \f2subject\f1 of each message. Each of these fields can also optionally be prepended with the sequence ``reverse-'' to reverse the order of the sort. This doesn't imply anything about the order of the message in the folder itself and affects only their order on the index screen. (The default is \f2mailbox\f1 order.) .lp weedout 1.0i When specifying this option, you can list headers that you \f2don't\f1 want to see when you are displaying a message. This list can continue for as many lines as desired, as long as the continued lines all have leading indentation. (The default is ``Received:'' and others.) .ne 8 .hu Numeric Variables .lp bounceback 1.0i This is a hop count threshold value and allows you to set up the mailer so that when you send mail more than \f2n\f1 machines away, it'll automatically include a ``Cc:'' to you through the remote machine. In practice this should be very rarely used. (Note: this refuses to bounce mail off an Internet address. The default is to have it set to zero, which disables the function) .lp timeout 1.0i On more advanced systems, it's nice to start up the mailer in a window and let it sit in background unless new mail arrives (see \f2wnewmail\f1 for another window based program) at which point it can be brought up to the forefront of the system and read. In this case, it would be quite convenient to have the mailer internally resynchronize every so often. This option specifies the number of seconds that this occurs. This is also useful for normal terminals, for example you can leave \f2elm\f1 running at night (I usually do) and when you come in in the morning it'll be all ready to read your mail! (The default is a 300 second (5 minute) timeout period). .lp userlevel* 1.0i This is what the program uses to determine the relative level of sophistication of the user \(em the values are 0 for a new user (the default), 1 for someone familiar with \f2elm\f1 user, and 2 for experts. Some advanced features are hidden from novice users, while experts get less verbose prompt messages. .ne 8 .hu Boolean Variables .lp alwaysdelete 1.0i When set, this changes the default answer of the prompt ``Delete messages?'' to the indicated value. (The default is to have the answer be \f2No\f1 (i.e. alwaysdelete = OFF).) .lp alwaysstore 1.0i This sets the default answer on the ``store read mail in "received" folder'' prompt to the value indicated. (The default is to have the default answer be \f2No\f1 (i.e., alwaysstore = OFF).) .lp alwayskeep 1.0i This sets the default answer on the ``keep unread mail in incoming mailbox'' However, if you answered \f2No\fP to the ``store read mail in "received" folder'' it is presumed that you'd also want to keep your unread mail in the incoming mailbox, too, and the value of alwayskeep is ignored. (The default is to have the default answer be \f2Yes\f1 (i.e., alwayskeep = ON).) .lp arrow* 1.0i Sometimes you are forced to use a slow, or ``dumb'' terminal. In this case, you can force the current message pointer to be the ``->'' sequence rather than the inverse bar. (Note that this is overridden by the similar `-a' command line option, see below.) (The default is OFF.) .lp ask 1.0i This allows you to tell the \f2elm\f1 system that you'd rather not be asked ``Delete Mail?'' and such each time you quit, resynchronize a folder or change folders, and instead it should just use the values of ``alwaysdelete'', ``alwaysstore'', and ``awayskeep'' without prompting. (Note that when you quit \f2elm\fP, if you use `Q' instead of `q', you will never be questioned, regardless of how you have \f2ask\f1 set.) (The default is ON, i.e. to ask the questions.) .lp askcc 1.0i If turned off, this will allow you to send mail without being presented the ``Copies to:'' prompt for each message. This still allows you to explicitly include addresses in the ``cc'' list via either ``~c'' in the builtin editor, or via using the header editor. (The default is ON, i.e. to ask about copies.) .lp autocopy 1.0i If turned on, this will automatically copy the text of each message being replied to into the edit buffer. Otherwise you will be prompted as to whether you want the message included in yours. (See the \f2prefix\f1 option above.) (The default is OFF.) .lp copy 1.0i This, in combination with the \f2sentmail\f1 folder, will allow you to have silent copies of all outgoing mail made on the outbound step. Whether a copy is saved and to which folder can be set prior to sending a message, see below. (The default is OFF.) .lp forcename 1.0i This, in combination with the \f2savename\f1 option, governs how a copy of an outgoing message will be saved. (See \f2savename\f1 below for details.) (The default is OFF.) .lp keep 1.0i The mail system has a habit of deleting folders when you've removed everything from them. With this option turned on, it will instead preserve them as zero-byte files. This option does not apply to your incoming mailbox. (The default is OFF.) .lp keypad 1.0i If on, this tells \f2elm\f1 that you have an HP terminal and enables the , , and keys. (The default is OFF.) .lp menu* 1.0i If turned off, this will inhibit the Menu display on all of the screen displays within the \f2elm\f1 program. (Note that this is overridden by the similar `-m' command line option, see below.) (The default is ON.) .lp names* 1.0i If turned off, the primary recipients' address is displayed on your screen with their full names when you send a message. Otherwise, only the full names are given. (The default is ON.) .lp movepage 1.0i If this is enabled then commands that move through the folder by pages (the `+', `-', , and keys) will also move the current message pointer to the top of that page of messages. If this is turned off then moving through the pages doesn't alter the current message pointer location. (The default is OFF.) .lp noheader 1.0i This boolean flag tells the mailer not to include the headers of messages when copying a message into a file buffer for replying to or forwarding. (The default is ON.) .lp promptafter 1.0i If this flag is ON and you use an external pager, when the pager exits, you will be prompted for a command rather than returned directly to the index screen. If the external pager you are using exits when it reaches end of file (i.e. end of the message), you should have this flag ON, otherwise the last screen of the displayed message will not be held but instead be immediately replaced by the index screen. If the external pager you are using does not exit until you command it to exit, you have a choice. If you usually want to see the index screen before issuing a command, having the flag OFF will cut down out the extra keystroke needed to return to the index screen. If you usually don't need to see the index screen to before issuing the next command, having the flag ON will allow you to proceed with your next command without having to wait for the redrawing of the index screen. (The default is ON.) .lp pointnew 1.0i If this is turned on, the mailer will be automatically pointing to the first new message in your folder when started, instead of at message #1. This will only be effective for the incoming mailbox since other folders are not expected to have `new' mail. (The default is ON.) .lp resolve 1.0i This is a boolean flag that defines the behaviour of the program for such actions as deletion, saving a message and so on. Specifically, with this option enabled, as soon as mail is `dealt with' the program moves you to the next message in the folder, with deletion, undeletion, saving a message and forwarding a message all being treated as dealing with email in this manner. (The default is ON.) .lp savename 1.0i One of the problems with electronic mail systems is that one tends to get very large, one-dimensional (flat) files that contain lots of completely unrelated mail. If this option is turned on, \f2elm\f1 will use a more intelligent algorithm \(em on incoming mail, when you \f2save\f1 or \f2copy\f1 it, the default mailbox to save to (changeable by pressing anything other than of course) is a folder that is the \f2login name\f1 of the person who sent you the message. Similarly, when sending mail out, instead of just blindly saving it to the \f2sentmail\f1 folder, \f2elm\f1 will save it to a folder that is the login name of the person who is to receive the mail\s-2\u2\d\s0. 2. When sending to a group, it's saved to the first person in the list only. If \f2forcename\f1 is off (see above), the copy will be saved to that folder only if the folder already exists. In practice, this means that important people that you communicate with (those that you tend to save mail from) have folders that are actually \f2a recorded log of the discussion in both directions\f1 and those others (random mailings) are all stuffed in the \f2sentmail\f1 folder for easy perusal and removal. Otherwise, if you always want to save copies of outgoing messages in separate folders by recipient login name, you'll want to set \f2forcename\f1 to on. (The default for \f2savename\f1 is ON.) .lp sigdashes 1.0i If on, this tells \f2elm\f1 that you wish to follow the convention of prefixing your signature with newline dash dash blank newline. This will be placed in your message before your signature file. If off, the signature file is placed at the end of the message without any prefix. .lp softkeys 1.0i If on, this tells \f2elm\f1 that you have an HP terminal with the HP 2622 function key protocol and that you'd like to have them available while in the program. (The default is OFF.) .lp titles 1.0i This flag allows you to have the first line of a message titled with: .ft CW .ps 9 .tl ' Message \f2N/M\fP from \f2username\fP''\f2date\fP at \f2time\f1 ' .ps 10 .ft 1 where all the information has been previously extracted from the message. This is especially useful if you weed out all the headers of each message with a large `weedout' list... (The default is ON.) .lp warnings 1.0i The mailer likes to warn you when you send mail to a machine that cannot be directly accessed. In some situations, however, the system is set up so that mail is automatically forwarded to another machine that might then have better connections. Setting this flag to OFF will allow you to effectively shut off all the warning messages. Use of this flag requires support of the uuname command on your system. Without this command, the flag will be cleared to OFF automatically. (The default is ON.) .lp weed 1.0i This is a boolean flag that, in combination with the ``weedout'' list, allows you to custom define the set of headers you would like to not have displayed while reading messages. (The default is ON.) .in 0 One more thing: the format for each of the lines is: .ft CW .ti .5i variable = value\f1 and for boolean variables, \f2value\f1 can be `ON' or `OFF' only. For a better idea of how this all works, here's my \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file. While looking through it, notice that you can have lots of comments and blank lines for readability and that you can also use `shell variables' and the `~' metacharacter for your home directory, and they are expanded accordingly when read in by the mailer. (Note that this was automatically saved by the \f2elm\f1 program on the fly from the o)ptions screen) .ft CW # .elm/elmrc - options file for the ELM mail system # Saved automatically by ELM 2.2 for Dave Taylor # For yes/no settings with ?, ON means yes, OFF means no # where to save calendar entries calendar = ~/.Agenda # what editor to use ("none" means simulate Berkeley Mail) editor = none # the character to use in the builtin editor for entering commands escape = ~ # the full user name for outbound mail fullname = Dave Taylor # where to save received messages to, default file is "=received" receivedmail = $HOME/Mail/received # where to save my mail to, default directory is "Mail" maildir = /users/taylor/Mail # program to use for displaying messages ('builtin' is recommended) pager = builtin # prefix sequence for indenting included message text in outgoing messages... prefix = >_ # how to print a message ('%s' is the filename) print = lpr -Plw2 %s # where to save copies of outgoing mail to, default file is "=sent" sentmail = /users/taylor/Mail/mail.sent # the shell to use for shell escapes shell = /bin/csh # local ".signature" file to append to appropriate messages... localsignature = localsig # remote ".signature" file to append to appropriate messages... remotesignature = remotesig # do we want dashes above signatures? (News 2.11 compatibility and convention) sigdashes = ON # how to sort folders, "Mailbox" by default sortby = Reverse-Received # should the default be to delete messages we've marked for deletion? alwaysdelete = ON # should the default be to store read messages to the "received" folder? alwaysstore = ON # should the default be to keep unread messages in the incoming mailbox? alwayskeep = ON # should we use the "->" rather than the inverse video bar? arrow = OFF # should the message disposition questions be displayed(ON) or # auto-answered(OFF) with the default answers when we resync or change folders? ask = ON # would you like to be asked for Carbon-Copies information each msg? askcc = ON # automatically copy message being replied to into buffer? autocopy = OFF # threshold for bouncing copies of remote uucp messages... # zero = disable function. bounceback = 0 # save a copy of all outbound messages? copy = ON # do we want to be able to mail out AT&T Mail Forms? forms = OFF # should we keep folders from which all messages are deleted? keepempty = OFF # we're running on an HP terminal and want HOME, PREV, NEXT, etc... keypad = OFF # should we display the three-line 'mini' menu? menu = ON # when using the page commands (+ - ) change the current # message pointer...? movepage = ON # just show the names when expanding aliases? names = ON # when messages are copied into the outbound buffer, don't include headers? noheader = ON # start up by pointing to the first new message received, if possible? pointnew = ON # prompt for a command after the external pager exits? promptafter = ON # emulate the mailx message increment mode (only increment after something # has been 'done' to a message, either saved or deleted, as opposed to # simply each time something is touched)? resolve = ON # save messages, incoming and outbound, by login name of sender/recipient? savename = ON # save outbound messages by login name of sender/recipient even if the # associated folder doesn't already exist? forcename = OFF # are we running on an HP terminal and want HOME, PREV, NEXT, etc...? # (this implies "keypad=ON" too) softkeys = OFF # set the main prompt timeout for resynching... timeout = 60 # display message title when displaying pages of message? titles = ON # are we good at it? 0=beginner, 1=intermediate, 2+ = expert! userlevel = 2 # tell us about addresses to machines we can't directly get to? warnings = OFF # enable the weedout list to be read? weed = ON # what headers I DON'T want to see, ever. weedout = "Path:" "Via:" "Sent:" "Date" "Status:" "Original" "Phase" "Subject:" "Fruit" "Sun" "Lat" "Buzzword" "Return" "Posted" "Telephone" "Postal-Address" "Origin" "X-Sent-By-Nmail-V" "Resent" "X-Location" "Source" "Mood" "Neuron" "Libido" "To:" "X-Mailer:" "Full-Name:" "X-HPMAIL" "Cc:" "cc:" "Mmdf" "Network-" "Really-" "Sender:" "Post" "Message-" "Relay-" "Article-" "Lines:" "Approved:" "Xref:" "Organization:" "*end-of-user-headers*" # alternative addresses that I could receive mail from (usually a # forwarding mailbox) and don't want to have listed... alternatives = hplabs!taylor hpldat!taylor taylor@hplabs taylor%hpldat .ne 5 .hn 1 The Command Line Options There are a number of command line options to the \f2elm\f1 program, with only one that needs to be remembered: ``-?''or ``-h'' for help. The flags are: .lp \h'24p'-a 66p Arrow. This allows you to have the ``->'' arrow pointer rather than the inverse bar. This can also be set in the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file \(em check the boolean variable \f2arrow\f1). .lp \h'24p'-c 66p Check only. This is useful for expanding aliases without sending any mail. The invocation is similar to invoking \f2elm\f1 in send-only mode: .ft CW elm -c\f2 list-of-aliases\f1 .lp "\h'24p'-d \f2n\f1" 66p Set debug level to \f2n\f1. Useful for debugging the \f2elm\f1 program, this option will create a file in your home directory called \f2ELM:debug.info\f1, then output a running log of what is going on with the program. Level \f2n\f1 can be 1 through 11, where the higher numbers generate more output. This option might be disabled by the the person who configured \f2elm\f1 for your system. .lp "\h'24p'-f \f2folder\f1" 66p Folder. Read specified folder rather than the default incoming mailbox. Note that you can use the same metacharacters (e.g. `=') as when you \f2change folders\f1 from within the program. You can also use the same abbreviatory symbols (`!', `>' and `<'), but remember to ``single quote'' them in case they have special meaning in the shell you use. .lp "\h'24p'-h or -?" 66p Help. Gives a short list of all these options and exits. .lp \h'24p'-k 66p Keypad \(em This option, when used, lets the \f2elm\f1 program know that you're on an HP terminal, and it can then interpret the , and /- keys accordingly. If you are not on an HP terminal, it is recommended that you do NOT use this option. (See the \f2keypad\f1 option in the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 section.) .lp \h'24p'-K 66p Keypad + softkeys. The \f2elm\f1 mailer can use the HP softkeys as an alternative form of input. If you specify this option be sure that you're on an HP terminal that can accept the standard 2622 terminal escape sequences! (See the \f2softkeys\f1 option in the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 section for more information.) .lp \h'24p'-m 66p Inhibit display of the 3-line menu when using the mailer. This, of course, gives you three more message headers per page instead. (See also the .ft CW menu\f1 option in the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 section.) .lp "\h'24p'-s \f2subject\f1" 66p In send-only and batch mode, this is how to indicate the subject of the resulting message. Please see the section on ``Non-Interactive Uses of Elm'' in \f2The Elm Users Guide\f1 for more information. .lp \h'24p'-z 66p Zero. This causes the mailer not to be started if you don't have any mail. This emulates the behaviour of programs like \f2Berkeley Mail\f1. .in 0 All the above flags default to reasonable options, so there is usually no need to use them. Furthermore, the most used flags are available through the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file. See above. .ne 5 .hn 1 Special Outgoing Mail Processing There are a few extra features that the mailer offers on outgoing mail that are worthy of mention: The first, and probably the most exciting feature\s-2\u3\d\s0, is the 3. Unfortunately, at many non-US sites, it's quite probable that you won't be able to use this feature since you won't have the \f2crypt()\f1 library available due to licensing restrictions. ability to send \f2encrypted\f1 mail! To do this is extremely simple: You need merely to have two key lines .ft CW [\&encode]\f1 and .ft CW [\&clear]\f1 in the message body. Consider the following outgoing message: .ps 9 .in .5i .ft CW Remember that talk we had about Amy? Well, I talked to my manager about it and he said... uhh...better encrypt this...the usual `key'... [\&encode] He said that Amy was having family problems and that it had been affecting her work. Given this, I went and talked to her, and told her I was sorry for getting angry. She said that she understood. We're friends again!! [\&clear] Exciting stuff, eh? \h'3i'Mike .ps 10 .ft 1 .in 0 While this is obviously quite readable while being typed into the editor, as soon as the message is confirmed as wanting to be sent, the \f2elm\f1 mailer prompts with: .ft CW .ps 9 .ti .5i Enter encryption key: @ .ps 10 .ft 1 and accepts a key (a series of 8 or less characters) without echoing them to the screen. After entry, it will ask for the same key again to confirm it, then *poof* it will encrypt and send the mail. If you have the \f2copy\f1 option enabled, the program will save your copy of the message encrypted too. (This is to ensure the privacy and security of your mail archive, too.) If the mailer doesn't ask for the encryption key, it's because you don't have the .ft CW [\&encode]\f1 entered as the first 8 characters of the line. It MUST be so for this to work!! On the other end, a person receiving this mail (they must also be using \f2elm\f1 to receive it, since this mailer has a unique encryption program) will be reading the message and then suddenly be prompted: .ft CW .ps 9 .ti .5i Enter decryption key: @ .ft 1 .ps 10 and will again be asked to re-enter it to confirm. The program will then on-the-fly decrypt the mail and display each line as it is decoded. The .ft CW [\&clear]\f1 line signifies that the block to encrypt is done. Note that it is not possible currently to \f2pipe\f1 or \f2print\f1 encrypted mail. .sp 2 The other option on outgoing mail is the ability to specify what section of the message you want to have archived (assuming \f2copy\f1 is enabled) and what section you don't. This is most useful for sending out source file listings and so on. To indicate the end of the section that should be saved in the archive, you need merely to have the .ft CW .ti .5i [\&nosave] .ft 1 .ft CW .ti .5i [\&no save] .ft 1 appear by itself on a line. This will be removed from the outgoing mail, and will indicate the last line of the message in the saved mail. Other than this, the saved mail is identical to the outgoing mail. .ne 5 .hn 1 Customized header lines The mailer provides a facility for including customized header lines in the messages you send. If you have an \f2.elm/elmheaders\f1 file, the mailer will include its contents immediately after the regular headers of all outbound mail. The mailer supports use of the backquote convention in this file. Here's a typical \f2.elm/elmheaders\f1 file. .ft CW Organization: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Phone: (415)-555-1234 Operating System: `uname -srv` .ft 1 These lines will appear after all other header lines in the message. .ne 5 .hn 1 Commands This section will discuss each command in the \f2elm\f1 program in more detail than above, including the prompts the user can expect upon executing the command, the meaning of different options, etc. .lp \h'24p'? 66p Help. This command used once puts you in the \f2help\f1 mode, where any key you press will result in a one-line description of the key. Pressed again at this point will produce a two page summary listing each command available. or `.' will leave the help mode and return you to the main menu level. .lp \h'24p' 66p Display the current message. is useful for reading through a mail folder. When issued from the index screen, it will display the first screen of the current message; and then when issued while in the builtin pager, it will page through the message to the end; and then when issued at the end of a message (with either the builtin pager or an external pager), it will display the first screen of the next message not marked for deletion. .lp \h'24p' 66p Display the current message. behaves somewhat differently from . When issued while in the builtin pager, it will scroll the current message forward one line, and then when issued at the end of a message (with either the builtin pager or an external pager), it will redisplay the first screen of the the \f2current\fP message. The latter is useful in case you have issued a non-pager command while in the builtin pager and want to restart the display of the current message. .lp \h'24p'! 66p Shell. This allows you to send a command to the shell without leaving the program. .lp \h'24p'| 66p Pipe. This command allows you to pipe the current message or the set of \f2tagged\f1 messages through other filters as you desire. The shell used for the entire command will be either the one specified in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file, or the default shell (see above). .lp \h'24p'\/ 66p Pattern match. This command, on the top level, allows the user to search through all the \f2from\f1 and \f2subject\f1 lines of the current folder starting at the current message and continuing through the end. If the first character of the pattern is a `/', then the program will try to match the specified pattern against \f2any\f1 line in the folder. Again, this works from one after the current message through the end. Both searches are case insensitive. .lp "\h'24p'- or " 66p Display the next page of the message index. .lp "\h'24p'+ or " 66p Display the previous page of the message index. .lp \h'24p' 66p Specify new current message. When you type in any digit key \f2elm\f1 will prompt ``Set current to : n'', where `n' is the digit entered. Enter the full number and terminate with . Note that changing the current message to a message not on the current page of headers will result in a new page being displayed. .lp \h'24p'< 66p Scan message for calendar entries. A rather novel feature of the \f2elm\f1 mailer is the ability to automatically incorporate calendar/agenda information from a mail message into the users calendar file. This is done quite simply; any line that has the pattern .ti +.5i -> \f2calendar entry\f1 will be automatically added to the users \f2calendar\f1 file (see the \f2calendar\f1 option of the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file) if the `<' command is used. For example, let's say we had a message with the text: .ft CW .ps 9 .ti +.5i Regardless of that meeting, here's the seminar stuff: .ti +.5i -> 8/03 3:00pm: AI Seminar with Ira Goldstein of HP Labs .ft 1 .ps 10 then using the `<' command would add the line: .ft CW .ps 9 .ti +.5i 8/03 3:00pm: AI Seminar with Ira Goldstein of HP Labs .ps 10 .ft 1 to the users \f2calendar\f1 file. .lp \h'24p'a 66p Alias. The alias system is a way by which more complex mail addresses can be shortened for the mail user. For example: .ps 9 .ft CW .ti +.5i joe, bleu = Joe Bleu = joe@hpfcla.SSO.HP.COM .ft 1 .ps 10 which allows mail to `joe' or `bleu' with the system expanding the address properly. As is obvious, this not only saves remembering complex addresses, it also allows the address to be optimized to go through the minimum number of machines without anyone having to be informed of the change. A more detailed discussion can be found in either the section entitled \f2The Alias System\f1 in this document or \f2The Elm Alias System Users Guide\f1. .lp \h'24p'b 66p Bounce mail. This ``remails'' mail to someone else in such a way as to make the return address the original sender rather than you. (The \f2forward\f1 command is similar, but it makes the return address \f2you\f1 rather than the original sender.) .lp \h'24p'C 66p Copy to folder. This command copies the current message or set of tagged messages to a folder. If there is anything in the folder currently the message or messages are appended to the end, otherwise the folder is created containing only the newly copied message. The prompt for this command is `Copy to folder: '. A response of cancels the command and returns the user to the system prompt. The usual filename metacharacters are available, too. That is, this command expands filenames with `~' being your home directory and `=' being your \f2maildir\f1 directory, if defined. This command also allows you to use `>' for your \f2receivedmail\f1 folder and `<' for your \f2sentmail\f1 folder. You can also enter `?' at the prompt to list the names of your folders. .lp \h'24p'c 66p Change folder. Specifying this command allows the user to change the folder that is currently being read. This is intended for perusal and reply to previously archived messages. The prompt is `Name of new folder: ' and entering cancels the operation, while entering a filename causes the program to read that file as the new folder, if possible. This command expands filenames with `~' being your home directory and `=' being your \f2maildir\f1 directory, if defined. This command also allows you to use `!' as an abbreviation for you incoming mailbox, `>' for your \f2receivedmail\f1 folder, and `<' for your \f2sentmail\f1 folder. You can also enter `?' at the prompt to list the names of your folders. .lp "\h'24p'd, u" 66p Delete and Undelete. Neither of these two commands have any prompts and indicate their action by either adding a `D' to the current message index entry (indicating deletion pending) or removing the `D' (indicating that the message isn't set for deletion). .lp \h'24p'-D 66p This command allows you to easily mark for deletion all messages that have a specific pattern. After -D is pressed, the program will prompt for the string to match (currently it only matches either the \f2from\f1 or \f2subject\f1 lines of the message). .lp \h'24p'-U 66p This is the direct opposite command to the previous \(em all messages that match the specified pattern can have any mark for deletion removed by using this command. .lp \h'24p'e 66p Edit mailbox. This allows you to modify the current mail file at a single keystroke. This is mostly useful for editing down messages before saving them. Modifying headers should be done with extreme caution, as they contain routing information and other vital stuff for full functionality. .lp \h'24p'f 66p Forward. Allows the user to forward the current message to another user. This copies the message into the edit buffer and allows the user to add their own message too. The prompt is `Forward to:' and will expand an alias if entered. (See also \f2bounce\f1, above.) Elm will ask you if you want to edit the message before sending it. If you answer `yes', Elm will prepend your prefix string to each line of the message, and let you edit the result. If you do not want the prefix string on each line, answer `no'; you will have another chance to edit the message when you get to the `send' menu. (See also the `elmrc' section, under \f2prefix\f1.) .lp \h'24p'g 66p Group reply. Identical to \f2reply\f1 below, except that the response is mailed to \f2all recipients\f1 of the original message (except yourself \(em see the \f2alternatives\f1 option for your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file above). .lp \h'24p'h 66p Display the current message with all headers intact. When you display a message with other commands, certain header lines are formatted and others discarded (according to the \f2weedlist\fP parameter in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file). .lp \h'24p'i 66p Return to the index screen, when issued in the builtin pager or at the end of a message (with either the builtin pager or an external pager). .lp "\h'24p'j or , k or " 66p These four keys work similarly to what they would do in \f2vi\f1 or any of the other (precious few) screen oriented programs. The `j' and keys move the current message pointer down to the next message skipping over any marked deleted (going to the next page if needed) and the `k' and keys move the current message pointer back to the previous message skipping over any marked deleted (also changing pages if needed) .lp "\h'24p'J, K" 66p These two keys work similarly to their lower case counterparts, except that they don't skip over deleted messages. .lp \h'24p'l 66p Limit. This feature allows you to specify a subset of the existing messages to be dealt with. For example, let's say we had a folder with four hundred messages in it, about four or five different subjects. We could then limit what we're dealing with by using the \f2limit\f1 command. Pressing `l' would result in the prompt: .ft CW .ti +.5i Criteria: .ft 1 to which we could answer .ft CW subject \f2string\f1, .ft CW from \f2string\f1 or .ft CW to \f2string\f1. In our example, we could use .ft CW subject programming\f1 as a criteria for selection. Once we've limited our selections down, the screen will be rewritten with just the selected messages and the top line will change to have a message like: .ft CW .ps 9 .tl '' Folder is "=elm" with 92 shown out of 124 [Elm 2.2]' .ps 10 .ft 1 We can further limit selections by entering further criteria, each time using the \f2limit\f1 option again. To clear all the criteria and get back to the `regular' display, simply enter \f2all\f1 as the limiting criteria. It should be noted that the selection based on ``to'' isn't fully implemented for this version, so it is recommended that users stay with ``subject'' and ``from'' as the basis for their criteria. .lp \h'24p'm 66p Mail. Send mail to a specified user. The prompt that is associated with this command is `Send mail to :'. Entering an alias name results in the full address being rewritten in parenthesis immediately. This prompt is followed by `Subject:' which allows the user to title their note. The final field is `Copies to: ', which allows other people specified to receive "carbon copies" of the message. (See the \f2askcc\f1 option of the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file above.) Upon entering all three items the editor is invoked and the message can be composed. .lp \h'24p'n 66p Next message that is not marked deleted: useful for displaying successive messages in a folder. When issued from the index screen, it displays the current message, and then when issued while in the builtin pager or at the end of a message (with either the builtin pager or an external pager), it will display the first screen of the next message not marked for deletion. .lp \h'24p'o 66p Options. This full-screen display allows you to alter the settings of a number of parameters, including the current sorting method, the method of printing files, the calendar file, the save file, and so on. It's self-documenting (where have you heard \f2that\f1 before?) so isn't explained in too much detail here. .lp \h'24p'p 66p Print. This allows you to print out the current message or the tagged messages to a previously defined printer. (See the section on the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 discussing the \f2print\f1 variable.) .lp \h'24p'q 66p Quit. If you in the pager, you are returned to the index screen. If you are on the index screen, \f2elm\f1 quits altogether. However, if you have the option \f2ask\fP set, \f2elm\f1 first prompts you for the disposition of the messages in the current folder. If any messages are marked for deletion, it will ask if you want them deleted. If the current folder is your incoming mailbox, you will also be asked if read messages should be stored in your \f2receivedmail\f1 folder, and if unread messages should be kept in the incoming mailbox. The default answers to these questions are set by the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 options \f2alwaysdelete\fP, \f2alwaysstore\fP, and \f2alwayskeep\fP. However, if you elect to not store your read messages (i.e. keep them) it is presumed you want to keep your unread messages, too. .lp \h'24p'Q 66p Quick quit. This behaves similar to the `q' command except that you are never prompted for answers to the message disposition questions. \f2Elm\f1 will dispose of messages according to the values you have set for \f2alwaysdelete\f1, \f2alwaysstore\f1, and \f2alwayskeep\f1 in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file. .lp \h'24p'r 66p Reply. Reply to the sender of the current message. If the \f2autocopy\f1 flag is OFF in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file, the program will prompt ``Copy message? (y/n)'' to which the user can specify whether a copy of the source message is to be copied into the edit buffer, or not. If copied in, all lines from the message are prepended with the \f2prefix\f1 character sequence specified in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file. .lp \h'24p's 66p Save to folder. This command is like the `copy' command, except that the saved messages are marked for deletion, and that if you are saving just the current message, the current message pointer is incremented afterwards (see the \f2resolve\f1 option in the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file above). This command expands folder names with `~' being your home directory and `=' being your \f2maildir\f1 directory, if defined. This command also allows you to use `>' for your \f2receivedmail\f1 folder and `<' for your \f2sentmail\f1 folder. .lp \h'24p't 66p 4. Currently only \f2pipe\f1, \f2print\f1, and \f2save\f1 support this. Tag the current message for a later operation\s-2\u4\d\s0. .lp \h'24p'-T 66p Tag all messages containing the specified pattern. Since \f2tagging\f1 messages can occur on screens other than the one being viewed, the \f2elm\f1 system will first check to see if any messages are currently \f2tagged\f1 and ask you if you'd like to remove those tags. After that, it will, similar to the \f2-D\f1 function, prompt for a pattern to match and then mark for deletion all messages that contain the (case insensitive) pattern in either the \f2from\f1 or \f2subject\f1 lines. .lp \h'24p'x 66p Exit. This leaves \f2elm\f1 discarding any changes to the mailbox. If changes are pending (such as messages marked for deletion) a prompt is made to confirm discarding the changes. If confirmed, no messages are deleted and the statuses of messages are unchanged. That is, any messages that were new will remain new instead of being noted as old, and any messages that were read for the first time will be again noted as unread. .lp \h'24p'X 66p Exit immediately. This leaves \f2elm\f1 in the quickest possible manner without even prompting about discarding the changes to the mailbox. No messages are deleted and the statuses of messages are unchanged. That is, any messages that were new will remain new instead of being noted as old, and any messages that were read for the first time will be again noted as unread. .in 0 When you are about to send of a message under the \f2forward\f1, \f2mail\f1, or \f2reply\f1 commands (see above), a small menu of the following options appears: .lp \h'24p'c 66p Specify folder for saving a copy to. This allows you to override the \f2copy\f1, \f2forcename\f1 and \f2savename\f1 options of your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file. It prompts you for the name of the folder where a copy of the outgoing message is to be saved. The default displayed is taken from those three \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 options and can be changed. This command also allows you to use `>' for your \f2receivedmail\f1 folder and `<' for your \f2sentmail\f1 folder, and `=?' to mean ``conditionally save by name'' and `=' to mean ``unconditionally save by name''. (See the \f2savename\f1 option above for details on saving by name.) (Since you could next enter the \f2edit headers\f1 command and change the recipients of your message, the name of the folder under the two ``save by name'' options is not established until you enter the \f2send\f1 command.) You can also enter `?' at the prompt to list the names of your folders. .lp \h'24p'f 66p Forget. This gets you out of sending a message you started. If you are in send-only mode, the message is saved to the file \f2Cancelled.mail\f1 in your home directory. Otherwise it can be restored at the next \f2forward\f1, \f2mail\f1, or \f2reply\f1 command during the current session of \f2elm\f1. After issuing one of those commands you will be prompted with ``Recall last kept message?'' .lp \h'24p'e 66p Edit message (or form). Entering this command will allow you to edit the text of your message or form. .lp \h'24p'h 66p Edit headers. This puts you into the \f2header editing mode\f1, whereby you can edit to any of the various headers of your message. Like the options screen, it's self-documenting, so it isn't explained in too much detail here. .lp \h'24p'm 66p Make form. This converts the message you have edited into a form. (See \f2The Elm Forms Mode Guide\f1 for more details.) .lp \h'24p's 66p Send. This sends the message as is without any further ado. .in 0 .ne 5 .hn 1 "Using Elm with ``editor = none''" The \f2Elm\f1 program also supports a builtin editor for simple message composition that is very (very) similar to the simple line editor available from the \f2Berkeley Mail\f1 system. To access it, you need merely to specify ``\f2editor=none\f1'' in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file. With that, any messages to be composed that don't already have text in the buffer (e.g. no reply with the text included, etc), will use this editor. From the builtin editor, the following options are available for use. Each command here is prefixed with a `~'. You can specify a different ``escape'' character in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file, if you desire (see above). .lp \h'16p'~? .5i Print a brief help menu. .lp \h'16p'~b .5i Change the Blind-Carbon-Copy list. .lp \h'16p'~c .5i Change the Carbon-Copy list. .lp \h'16p'~e .5i Invoke the Emacs editor on the message, if possible. .lp \h'16p'~f .5i Add the specified message or current message. .lp \h'16p'~h .5i Change all the available headers (To, Cc, Bcc, and Subject). .lp \h'16p'~m .5i Same as `~f', but with the current `prefix'. .lp \h'16p'~o .5i Invoke a user specified editor on the message. .lp \h'16p'~p .5i Print out the message as typed in so far. .lp \h'16p'~r .5i Include (read in) the contents of the specified file. .lp \h'16p'~s .5i Change the Subject line. .lp \h'16p'~t .5i Change the To list. .lp \h'16p'~v .5i Invoke the Vi visual editor on the message. .lp \h'16p'~< .5i Execute the specified unix command, entering the output of the command into the editor buffer upon completion. (For example ``~< who'' will include the output of the \f2who\f1 command in your message.) .lp \h'16p'~! .5i Execute a unix command if one is given (as in ``~!ls'') or give the user a shell (either from their shell setting in their \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file or the default). .lp \h'16p'~~ .5i Add a line prefixed by a single `~' character. .in 0 A useful note is that the `~f' and `~m' commands invoke the \f2readmsg\f1 command, so you can pass parameters along too. For example, if we wanted to include a message from Joe, without any headers, prefixed, we could use: .ti .5i ~m -n Joe to accomplish the task. To learn more about how they work, try 'em! .ne 5 .hn 1 The Alias System As mentioned previously, there exists in the \f2elm\f1 system a set of aliases that associate an arbitrary word (such as a persons name) to a complex address or group. The advantages are readily apparent; rather than remembering an address of the form: .ps 9 .ft CW .ti .5i host1!host2! ... !hostN!user .ft 1 .ps 10 the user merely has to remember a single word. Two alias tables are available for a each user within \f2elm\f1, namely the system alias file and the user's alias file. The system alias file is created and maintained (by the system administrator) by editing the file \f2SYSTEM_ALIASES\f1 as defined in the `sysdefs.h' file (see \f2The Elm Configuration Guide\f1) and as described in the documentation with the \f2newalias\f1 command, then running the \f2newalias\f1 program. An individual user can also have an alias file which works in conjunction with the system aliases. To do this, they need merely to peruse the documentation for the \f2newalias\f1 command and create a file as indicated therein. After executing the program, the aliases will be available for using from within \f2elm\f1. Please refer to \f2The Elm Alias Users Guide\f1 for more helpful hints and so on. .sp 2 Within \f2elm\f1, however, the alias system acts as an entirely different program, with it's own commands and own mini-menu. The menu replaces the standard mini-menu with: .ps 9 .ft CW -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alias commands .ce 2 a)lias current message, d)elete an alias, check a p)erson or s)ystem, l)ist existing aliases, m)ake new alias or r)eturn .sp 2 Alias: @ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .ps 10 .ft 1 The commands are: .lp \h'16p'a .5i Alias current message. This allows the user to create an alias that has the return address of the current message as the address field of the alias. It prompts for a unique alias name. Important note: when you alias an address in this fashion, the mailer will try to minimize the amount it needs to store by iteratively comparing machine names in the path with the machines in the pathalias database. Once it finds an entry the address will be saved at that point. For further information, please see \f2The Elm Alias System Users Guide\f1. .lp \h'16p'd .5i Delete an existing alias. This allows the user to delete an alias the user has previously made. It prompts for the alias name, and displays the alias information, if found, and then prompts for confirmation to delete. .lp \h'16p'l .5i List all existing aliases. This simply lists all the aliases you have previously made. .lp \h'16p'm .5i Make user alias. This will prompt for a unique alias name and then for an address. The information provided will be added to your individual aliases.text file (\f2$HOME/.elm/aliases.text\f1) and then added to the database. .lp \h'16p'p .5i Check personal alias. This is a simple way of checking what is in the alias database \(em it prompts for an alias name, and returns the address associated with that name or the error message `alias not found' as appropriate. .lp \h'16p'r .5i Return. Return to the main level of the \f2elm\f1 program. .lp \h'16p's .5i Check system alias. If you're not sure that your machine can talk to another machine, you can use this command to either find the appropriate route or find that you're correct in your suspicions and it is indeed unknown! .in 0 .ne 5 .hn 1 While We're Talking Aliases... Another feature worthy of discussion, since it's been getting lots of veiled references throughout this document, is the host-path file. This is implemented using the uucp pathalias database, with a file containing lines with the format: .ti .5i \f2hostname\f1 \f2address\f(CW!%s\f1 .ti .5i \f2hostname\f1 \f(CW%s@\f2hostname\f1 The actual details of the file are located in \f2The Alias System Users Guide\f1. Anyway, to use them is quite simple...when specifying the address of someone, you can either have an alias for them already, reply to their message, or use the system alias feature! Enough hype, right? Okay...to use this feature, you specify an address by either "machine!person" ignoring if your specific machine can talk directly to the machine specified, or, if you prefer the Internet addressing scheme, "person@machine". When you enter the address as specified, the mailer will quickly search through the pathalias database file and expand the specified address to be a legitimate routing address. What's really nice about this is that the address that we're going to send to can be either on ARPA, CSNET, BITNET, uucp, or any other network. The method of specifying the basic address is the same regardless! For example, mail to me could be sent as either "hplabs!taylor" or "taylor@hplabs". \f2elm\f1 will expand them both in the same manner and include a ``route'' to the machine \f2hplabs\f1, if needed. For those sites with the domains database installed, you can also mail to users on domain based systems by simply specifying their name, the machine they receive mail on and a full domain specification. For example, say you have a friend Maurice who reads mail on \s9JOEVAX\s10 in the Mailnet world. You could mail to him by using the address "Maurice@\s9JOEVAX.MAILNET\s10" and your system will expand the address correctly. .ne 5 .hn 1 Expert Mail Users and Debugging the Mailer There are some additional facilities available in the \f2elm\f1 mailer for those people who are knowledgeable about mail protocols, or trying to debug/track down a problem. The `h' \f2headers\f1 command at the outermost level of the mailer will display the current message ignoring the current setting of the `weed' option. This is most useful for answering questions of the form "I wonder what this guy put in his header?" and such. This command does not show up on the mini-menu because it is somewhat esoteric, but it does appear on the `?' help screen (can you find it there, though?). The `@' command at the outermost level of the mailer will output a screen of debugging information, including the number of lines and offsets of each of the messages in the current mailbox. The `#' command at the outermost level of the mailer will display the entire stored `record structure' for the current message. The `%' command will display the full computed return address of the current message. Starting up \f2elm\f1 with the "-d" debug option will create a file called \f2ELM:debug.info\f1 in your home directory and contain a wealth of useful information (to me, at least!) to aid in tracking down what errors are occurring and why. If there are any problems with the mailer, please try to recreate the error with the debug option enabled and set to the highest level (11) before sending defect reports my way. .sp 3 One final note: all error names reported by the program are documented in the AT&T System V Interface Definition Reference Manual in \f2errno\f1(2).