Some mount commands support the user option. If you
make an entry such as the following in /etc/fstab:
/dev/sbpcd /cdrom iso9660 user,noauto,ro
then an ordinary user will be allowed to mount and unmount the drive using these commands:
% mount /cdrom
% umount /cdrom
The disc will be mounted with some options that ensure security (e.g. programs cannot executed, device files are ignored); in some cases this may be too restrictive.
Another method is to get the usermount package which allows
non-root users to mount and unmount removable devices such as floppies
and CD-ROMs, but restricts access to other devices (such as hard disk
partitions). It is available on major archive sites.
The archive site ftp.cdrom.com has the source file
mount.c which allows mounting an unmounting of CD-ROMs (only)
by normal users. It runs as a setuid executable.
device is busy when unmounting a CD-ROM? The disc cannot be unmounted if any processes are accessing the drive,
including having their default directory set to the mounted
filesystem. If you cannot identify the processes using the disc, you
can use the fuser command, as shown in the following example.
% umount /cdrom
umount: /dev/sbpcd: device is busy
% fuser -v /cdrom
/cdrom: USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
tranter 50 ..c.. bash
You need to add an entry to the /etc/exports file; see the
exports(5) man page for details.
The easiest way to boot from CD-ROM is to use a boot floppy. Several of the Linux CD-ROM distributions (e.g. Yggdrasil) include one, or you can use the boot disk(s) from one of the Linux distributions (e.g. Slackware) that includes the necessary CD-ROM drivers for your system.
In the future it may be possible to boot from ATAPI CD-ROM drives which have the appropriate ROM BIOS functions.
Only a few CD-ROM drives support this. Heiko Eissfeldt (
heiko@colossus.escape.de
) and Olaf Kindel have written a
utility that reads audio data and saves it as .wav format
sound files. It works with the Toshiba XM3401 and XM4101 SCSI
drives. The package is called cdda2wav.tar.gz and can be
found on sunsite.unc.edu. Other users have reported success
with the Chinon 535 and Toshiba 3601B drives.
The Panasonic SBPCD driver also has support for reading sound data beginning with the 2.0 driver included in the 1.1.22 kernel. A modified version of the cdda2wav program that works with this can be found at ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/cdda2wav-sbpcd.2.tar.gz .
Even though the standard cdda2wav program claims to support the Panasonic drives, it does not yet work properly, because of the need to handle "overlap" of the data.
The CDU-33 driver supports reading audio data. It is said to work with the cdda2wav program.
For more information on this subject, see the alt.cd-rom FAQ listed in the references section.
find command work properly? On ISO-9660 formatted discs without the Rock Ridge Extensions, you
need to add the -noleaf option to the find command.
The reason for this is that the number of links for each directory
file is not easily obtainable, so it is set to 2. The default behavior
for the find program is to look for (i_links - 2)
subdirectories in each directory, and it then assumes that the rest
are regular files. The -noleaf switch disables this
optimization.
(the following was provided by Steve Horne Horne@cmod2.pfc.mit.edu )
About a year ago I bought a Reveal CD/soundcard kit, and managed to get my particular configuration to work under Linux. I posted the tricks I used to make the thing work; that note got into the CD-ROM HOWTO. Recently I've been receiving a couple of requests a week for help on making Reveal kits work under Linux.
I'm no expert. All I did was hammer away at Reveal Tech Support until they gave me the address of the appropriate port, then added the two SOUND-FX lines to the cdu31a driver. I don't know how to help most of the people who e-mail me. This is the note I plan to send them. It would be a good idea for you to condense it to the appropriate level for the HOWTO. In particular, I don't want anyone to get the impression that this is a good card to buy for a linux system. It's not.
REVEAL cards - under Linux
Summary:
Fine print:
If your kit has a Sony, the cdu31a driver will work for you. You need a kernel with cdu31a support compiled in. The following is from the comments in the cdu31a source code:
* WARNING - All autoprobes have been removed from the driver.
* You MUST configure the CDU31A via a LILO config
* at boot time or in lilo.conf. I have the
* following in my lilo.conf:
*
* append="cdu31a=0x1f88,0,PAS"
*
* The first number is the I/O base address of the
* card. The second is the interrupt (0 means none).
* The third should be "PAS" if on a Pro-Audio
* spectrum, or nothing if on something else.
I expect the appropriate line for a Reveal card to be
append="cdu31a=0x654,0"
Since I don't consistently use LILO, I have just put the autoprobing back in by deleting the conditional stuff, and put my address first. (The file is /usr/src/linux/drivers/block/cdu31a.c ; search for the string "cdu31a_addresses" to find the spot.)
THIS WILL NOT WORK IF YOUR KIT DOESN'T HAVE A SONY DRIVE! (I don't know that for sure, but I'd be very surprised if it did.)
By analogy to the Sony case, I expect that if you have a Panasonic or Mitsumi drive, you need to obtain from Reveal Tech Support the base register for your CD-ROM type, then use the appropriate driver. (I don't know if the sbpcd driver will work; it might. No matter what, you need those addresses.) I don't know if the "append=..." will work with the other drivers.
You can't patch the driver or lilo.conf until you have some sort of system up. If you are starting from scratch (DOS only, no Linux) here are a few things to try --
rdev /dev/fd0 /dev/fd0 ; root=floppy
rdev -r /dev/fd0 1440 ; ramdisk
rdev -t /dev/fd0 -3 ; prompt for screen mode
# mkdir /cd
# mount -r -t iso9660 /dev/fd0 /cd
Sound support:
This card (isc-400) isn't well supported by Linux, which is a shame because it seems to be a nice piece of hardware. The card will produce output in the 8-bit SB mode. I haven't made the mixer work, so recording doesn't work properly either. The MSS mode doesn't have an IRQ; I don't know how to tell the driver that, so that doesn't work. I haven't seen the AdLib compatibility work.
I have tried, and at least one other person has tried, to obtain programming information for the native mode(s) of the card. After many hours on the phone I was referred to Singapore. I passed at that point. When I get serious about sound again, I'll buy a genuine SoundBlaster card.
According to Adam J. Richter, adam@yggdrasil.com :
The Yggdrasil distribution can drive a Philips CD writer with an
Adaptec 154x SCSI controller. I'm not sure which other SCSI
controllers, if any, will work. You can use mkisofs to make
an ISO-9660 filesystem and cdwrite to write it to the CD. If
you want us to help you set this up, you can call us on our 900
technical support number: 1-900-446-6075 extension 835
(US$2.95/minute, U.S. only).
mount: Read-only file system when mounting a CD-ROM? With older kernels you could mount a CD-ROM for read/write; attempts to write data to the CD would not generate any errors. As of kernel version 1.1.33 this was corrected so that CD-ROMs must be mounted read only (e.g. using the -r option to mount).
As of the 1.1.38 kernel, the sbpcd driver ejects the CD when it is unmounted or closed. If you shut down the system, a mounted CD will be unmounted.
This feature is for convenience when changing discs. If the tray is open when you mount or read a CD, it will also automatically be closed.
I found that this caused problems with a few programs (e.g. cdplay and workbone). As of the 1.1.60 kernel you can control this feature under software control. A sample program is included in the README.sbpcd file (or use the "eject" program).
The "special" CD is likely an XA disc (like all Photo CDs or "one-offs" created using CD-R drives). Most of the Linux kernel CD-ROM drivers do not support XA discs, although you may be able to find a patch to add support on one of the archive sites.
The sbpcd driver does support XA. If you are using this driver you can determine if the disc is XA using the following procedure: go into the file sbpcd.c and enable the display of the "Table of Contents" (DBG_TOC). Build and install the new kernel and boot from it. During each mount the TOC info will be written (either to the console or to a log file). If the first displayed value in the TOC header line is "20", then it is an XA disc. That byte is "00" with normal disks. If the TOC display shows different tracks, that is also a sign that it is an XA disc.
(thanks to Eberhard Moenkeberg for the above information)
Other possibilities for unreadable CDs are:
This is normal and was added in a recent revision of the driver. It flashes the drive light when a CD is mounted (it's not a bug, it's a feature...).
Several users have reported success with multi-disc CD-ROM changers. All of the drives I have come across use SCSI interfaces.
You probably need to enable the "Probe all LUNs on each SCSI device" kernel configuration option. At least one user also had to increase a SCSI timeout value in the kernel driver.
The Nakamichi MBR-7 7 disc changer and Pioneer 12 disc changer have been reported to work.
I'm told that the correct pronunciation it something like MAT-SOOSH-TA.
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