       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 1

                            Using The Help Screens


            You may move around and explore the help screens by typing N

       for  the  Next  screen,  by  typing P for the previous screen, by

       typing Q for Quit, or by typing J and  a  number  to  jump  to  a

       specific   screen.    Both  upper  and  lower  case  letters  are

       recognized.  Enter your selection and press the return key.   You

       will  return  to  the Turbo Braille pprompt "TBRL3>" when you are

       finished.  To exit from Turbo  Braille,  at  the  TBRL3>  prompt,

       press return and follow directions.


                                     - 1 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 2

                              What You May Enter

            At  the  TBRL3->  prompt  you  may enter:  (1) an input file

       name, possibly an ambiguous one with the DOS wild card characters

       "*" or "?"; (2) a Turbo Braille command, beginning with  a  slash

       or  a  dash  to distinguish it from a dot command or a file name,

       followed by a letter and a  number;  (3)  a  Turbo  Braille  "dot

       command,"  beginning  with a period to distinguish it from a file

       name and other Turbo Braille commands, followed by two characters

       and possibly other optional information.



                                     - 2 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 3

            If you enter the name of a file, Turbo Braille will  examine

       it  and  figure  out what kind of file it is from the contents of

       the file.


                             Types Of Input Files


            You may enter the  name  of  a  WordStar  document  file,  a

       WordPerfect  document file, an ASCII file formatted for printing,

       or a "Braille Intermediate File" created automatically  by  Turbo

       Braille,  or  directly  with the help of an ASCII editor.  A "BIF

       file" contains the text of the original document in ASCII  format

                                     - 3 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 4

       together  with  formatting  commands  intended for Turbo Braille.

       You may edit these formatting commands for precise  control  over

       the resulting braille document.


                              Files Not Processed


            When  using wild card characters, it is easy to specify more

       files than you intend.  Therefore files with  certain  file  name

       extensions will not be processed by Turbo Braille.  These are the

       DOS  file extensions .COM, .EXE, .LIB, .OBJ, and .SYS; the backup

       file  extensions  .BAK  and  .BK!;  the  data  compression   file

                                     - 4 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 5

       extensions  .ARC,  .LZH, .ZIP, and .ZOO; and the KANSYS Inc. file

       extensions .BRL, .CFG, and .PVX.  Files with these extensions are

       unlikely to contain text and must be renamed if they  are  to  be

       processed.


                               Types Of Outputs


            You  may  want  to  create  a  BIF  file  automatically from

       WordStar  documents,  WordPerfect  documents,  or  ASCII  printer

       files;  or  you  may  want to produce a finished braille document

       from BIF files, or  directly  from  WordStar  files,  WordPerfect

                                     - 5 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 6

       files,  or  ASCII  printer  files.   You  may  want  to  send the

       resulting braille translation directly to an embosser attached to

       your computer, or write it to a disk file for later  printing  or

       further processing.


                              Modes Of Operation


            The  program  operates in a batch mode and in an interactive

       mode.  In  the  batch  mode  the  file  names  and  commands  (or

       "switches")  follow  the program name on the command line and are

       processed strictly from left to right.  Switches and dot commands

                                     - 6 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 7

       affecting a given file must appear before the name of  the  file,

       to  its  left  on the command line.  In the interactive mode they

       are given one at a time at the prompt as needed.  The batch  mode

       switches  and  interactive mode commands are identical with three

       exceptions:  there is a "/D" command but no "/D" switch, there is

       a "/P" command but no "/P" switch, and there is  a  "/X"  command

       but  no  "/X"  switch.  There is a total of only a dozen commands

       and nine switches.


            To operate Turbo  Braille  in  the  batch  mode,  enter  any


                                     - 7 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 8

       desired  switches,  dot  commands,  and file names on the command

       line, but do not use the /H switch.  If other commands  and  file

       names  are included as well as the /H switch, Turbo Braille first

       completes all requested batch mode  processing  and  then  enters

       interactive  mode.   To  operate Turbo Braille in the interactive

       mode, enter the program name with no switches or  file  names  on

       the  command  line,  or include only the /H switch on the command

       line.





                                     - 8 -
       Turbo Braille                                            Screen 9

                             Saving Program Setups


            The program setup may be saved in your current directory  (a

       local  setup)  or  in  the  directory where the program files are

       stored (a global setup).  A saved setup is recalled automatically

       when Turbo Braille starts execution.  A local setup  is  used  if

       present; otherwise a global setup is used.  The /SL command saves

       a  local  setup,  while  the /SG command saves a global one.  The

       batch mode switches /SL and /SG are also available.




                                     - 9 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 10

                             Commands And Switches


            The following commands and switches are available  in  batch

       mode  and in interactive mode.  The leading slash shown with each

       switch or command may be replaced by a leading dash.


            /C -- Produce multiple copies of a  braille  document.   The

       requested number of copies may all be sent to the printer or they

       may all be written to a file.  The default value is one; one copy

       is produced.  Usage:

                                     /C###

                                    - 10 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 11

       where "###" is the number of copies desired.


            /D  --  Shell to DOS.  Turbo Braille lets you "shell to DOS"

       in order to execute a single DOS command  without  leaving  Turbo

       Braille.   To  perform  several  DOS commands, use this switch to

       execute the DOS command called "COMMAND." In that case  you  must

       type "EXIT" to return to TurboBraille.  Usage:

                                      /D

                                  /D:command

       where  "command"  is  the  DOS command to execute.  If you do not


                                    - 11 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 12

       follow the "/D" with a colon and a command, Turbo Braille prompts

       for the DOS command to execute.


            /F -- Format output for a specific printer.  Printer  #0  is

       the  default  printer.  Other printers may be defined with the /P

       command and selected for formatting by the /F switch or  command.

       You  may  not  select a printer with /F that has not been defined

       with the /P command.  Usage:

                                      /F#

       where "#" is a digit indicating the desired printer,  or  may  be


                                    - 12 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 13

       "?"  (interactive  mode  only)  to show the current setting.  See

       also the "/P" command.


            /H -- Help file (this file) display.  Using the /H switch in

       the batch mode  automatically  changes  the  batch  run  into  an

       interactive run.  Usage:

                                      /H


            /J  --  Jump  over pages at start of braille document before

       producing output.  The default value is 0; no  pages  are  jumped

       over.  Usage:

                                    - 13 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 14

                                     /J###

       where  "###"  is  the number of pages to jump over.  See also the

       "/Q" command.


            /M -- Make .BIF files, .BRL files, or both files,  from  the

       original  input  documents.   The  default  value  "2"  creates a

       braille document only, with the extension ".BRL", and sends it to

       the printer or to a file as directed by the /W switch or command.

       Usage:

                                      /M#


                                    - 14 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 15

       where "#" is a digit in the range 0 through  3,  or  may  be  "?"

       (interactive  mode  only) to show the current setting.  "0" makes

       no output; "1" makes a .BIF file; "2" makes a .BRL file; and  "3"

       makes both.  See also the "/W" command.


            /P  --  Printer  definition  for  up to ten printers.  These

       definitions may differ in maximum physical page lenngths, maximum

       line widths, and page  break  method.   A  printer  may  also  be

       defined  as single sided or interpoint.  An interpoint printer is

       always sent an even number of pages.  This is an interactive mode


                                    - 15 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 16

       command only; it is not available as a  switch.   Printer  #0  is

       defined  as  a single sided printer with a maximum of 27 lines by

       40 cells with a form feed following each page,  and  may  not  be

       user  modified.   Printers  #1  through  #9 must be user defined.

       Usage:

                                      /P#

       where "#" is a digit in the range 0 through 9, or may be  "?"  to

       show the currently defined printers.  See also the "/F" command.


            /Q  --  Quit  producing  braille  output  after processing a


                                    - 16 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 17

       specified number of pages.  The default value is 0; the  document

       is processed all the way to the end.  Usage:

                                     /Q###

       where  "###"  is the number of pages to quit after.  See also the

       "/J" command.  The two commands /J10 /Q12 would produce two pages

       of output, not twelve.


            /S -- Show or save the current setup.  The three  variations

       /S?,  /SL,  and /SG are available to show the data in the current

       setup, to save it locally in the current directory, or to save it


                                    - 17 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 18

       globally in the directory where Turbo Braille is stored.  If  the

       current  directory is the one where Turbo Braille is stored, then

       /SL and /SG are identical.  Usage:

                                      /Sx

       where "x" may be "?" (interactive mode only) to show the contents

       of the setup, "L" for local save, or "G" for global save.


            /V -- Set the verbosity level of the program.   The  default

       value  "0"  produces  very few messages during program execution.

       Larger values produce more messages.  Usage:


                                    - 18 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 19

                                      /V#

       where "#" is a digit in the range 0 through  9,  or  may  be  "?"

       (interactive mode only) to show the current setting.


            /W  --  Write  braille  document to the printer (the DOS PRN

       device), to a disk file, or  to  both.   The  default  value  "2"

       writes  to  a disk file for later printing or further processing.

       Usage:

                                      /W#

       where "#" is a digit in the range 0 through  3,  or  may  be  "?"


                                    - 19 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 20

       (interactive  mode  only)  to  show  the  current  setting.   "0"

       discards braille output, even if requested by  /M2  or  /M3;  "1"

       writes  directly  to  the  attached printer; "2" writes to a file

       using the .BRL extension; "3" writes both to the printer and to a

       file.  See also the "/M" command.


            /X -- String definition for  up  to  ten  escape  sequences.

       These  escape  sequences may select the printer paper length, set

       top of form, switch between text and graphics mode,  set  six  or

       eight  dot  braille  cells,  or other hardware specific features.


                                    - 20 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 21

       This is an interactive mode command  only;  not  available  as  a

       switch.   All  escape  sequences,  #0  through  #9,  must be user

       defined.


            Once an escape sequence has been defined, it may be  invoked

       by  placing  the  corresponding  dot command on the command line.

       That is, dot command .X0 invokes the string defined by  /X0,  .X1

       invokes  the /X1 string, etc.  Strings may be up to 80 characters

       in length.  Control characters are entered as two  characters,  a

       caret  (^) followed by the desired control character.  Thus ^C is


                                    - 21 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 22

       CTRL-C, ^J is linefeed, ^M is carraige return, ^X is CTRL-X,  and

       ^[  is  the  ASCII escape character.  Letters following the caret

       may be either upper or lower case.  Characters  not  following  a

       caret  are  processed  without  modification,  just  as they were

       entered.  Please consult your  embosser  manual  to  learn  which

       escape sequences to use for which printer features.  Usage:

                                      /X#

       where  "#"  is a digit in the range 0 through 9, or may be "?" to

       show the currently defined sequences.  See  also  the  ".X#"  dot

       command.

                                    - 22 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 23

                              Formatting Commands


            Formatting  is  controlled  by  dot  commands  and  imbedded

       commands.  Turbo Braille automatically inserts some  commands  of

       each type when creating a BIF file or a finished braille document

       directly   from   a  source  document;  none  are  inserted  when

       translating a BIF file into braille.  You may manually add  other

       dot   commands  and  imbedded  commands  to  those  automatically

       inserted in a BIF file for more precise control of  the  finished

       product.


                                    - 23 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 24

            Each  dot  command in a BIF file is complete on one line; it

       does not share a  line  with  the  text  of  the  document.   Dot

       commands  are  identified  by a leading dot or period, which must

       appear in position one of the line.  Lines starting with two dots

       or periods are treated as comments,  and  are  ignored  by  Turbo

       Braille.   The  dot  commands  automatically  inserted  by  Turbo

       Braille are:  ".CE" center the next line; ".SP"  insert  a  blank

       line;  ".BR" start a new line; ".PP" start a new paragraph; ".PN"

       new page number detected in the source document; ".IT"  italicize

       the text on the next line.

                                    - 24 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 25

            Some  dot  commands  (e.g.,  .GR,  .PL,  and .RM) affect the

       global format of the entire document, and others (e.g., .CE, .PP,

       and .SP) affect the immediate local format.   Those  that  affect

       global  format  may  appear  on the command line or at the TBRL3>

       prompt, as  well  as  within  a  BIF  file.   Those  that  affect

       immediate  local  format  may appear only within a BIF file.  The

       dot commands affecting the global format of a document are:

            (1) .bl (Bottom Line of odd pages,

        even pages, or every page)



                                    - 25 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 26

            (2) .bp (Begin new page and change Braille Page Number)

            (3) .dv (Divider Lines for folding paper)

            (4) .fi (Fill Lines)

            (5) .gr (Grade of Braille Translation)

            (6) .in (Indentation)

            (7) .lc (Lower Case)

            (8) .mc (Mixed Case)

            (9) .nf (No Fill)

            (10) .pl (Page Length in lines)



                                    - 26 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 27

            (11) .po (Page Offset)

            (12) .rh (Running Head)

            (13) .rm (Right Margin)

            (14) .tl (Top Line of odd pages, even pages, or every page)


            Imbedded commands may appear in a BIF file on the same  line

       as  the  text of your document.  They may occur between words, or

       even within a  word.   Imbedded  commands  are  identified  by  a

       leading backslash character "\" followed by a single character to

       specify   a   particular   command.    Two  successive  backslash


                                    - 27 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 28

       characters in a BIF file are treated  as  an  ordinary  backslash

       within   the   document.   The  imbedded  commands  automatically

       inserted into a BIF file by Turbo  Braille  are:   "\\"  place  a

       single  backslash  character  into  the  text;  "\_" begin or end

       underlining text; "\!" begin or end boldface text; and the  three

       "spring   characters"   which  expand  when  translated  to  push

       surrounding text toward the margins.  These are  "\:"  to  spread

       spaces,  "\."  to spread the standard braille guide dot, and "\-"

       to spread a solid line, such as that  used  for  the  print  page

       separator.   Turbo  Braille uses italics for both underlining and

                                    - 28 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 29

       boldface as well as true italics in the source document.


                                 Dot Commands


            Below is an alphabetic list of valid  dot  commands  with  a

       brief  discussion  of  each  one.   Each  dot  command occupies a

       complete line of the BIF file, and consists of a dot or period in

       position one, two letters in positions two and  three  specifying

       the  command,  and  in  many cases one or more optional arguments

       providing additional information.



                                    - 29 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 30

                                    (1) .BL


            Bottom Line:  The bottom line of each braille  page  may  be

       used  for  text  or  may  contain  a  running title.  It may also

       contain no page number, a roman or arabic braille page number, or

       a print page number  at  the  right  margin.   Identical  running

       titles  and page numbers may be placed on every page, or they may

       be separately specified for odd numbered pages and even  numbered

       pages.  Usage:

                                    .BL x,y


                                    - 30 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 31

                                   .BL x,y,1

                                   .BL x,y,2

       where  "x"  is  0, 1, 2, or 3, for text on the bottom line, blank

       space on the bottom line, a left adjusted  running  title,  or  a

       centered  running  title;  and  where "y" is 0, 1, 2, or 3 for no

       page number, roman  braille  page  number,  arabic  braille  page

       number,  or  print page number.  The optional 1 or 2 in the third

       position applies the specification to odd numbered pages  (1)  or

       to  even  numbered  pages (2).  The default value is ".BL 0,0" to

       use the bottom line for text with no page numbers on  all  pages.

                                    - 31 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 32

       See also ".EP", ".PN", ".TL", and ".RH".


                                    (2) .BP


            Begin  Page:   This  command  starts a new braille page.  It

       works only when not already at the top of a page.  You  may  also

       change the page number of the page to be started by including the

       desired  page  number  with  the command.  The page number may be

       relative to the present braille page or  an  arbitrary  new  page

       number.   If  no  new  page number is requested, the present page

       number plus one is used.  If already positioned at the top  of  a

                                    - 32 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 33

       page  or  at  the  start  of  the file, this command affects page

       numbering, but will not skip a page, which would  leave  a  blank

       page in the document.  Usage:

                                      .BP

                                     .BP n

                                     .BP +n

                                     .BP -n

       where "n" is the number of the new braille page, and "+n" or "-n"

       are  relative  to  the  present  page number.  See also ".EP" and

       ".PN".

                                    - 33 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 34

                                    (3) .BR


            Break:  Normally, Turbo Braille ignores line breaks  in  the

       BIF file and produces filled lines of text in the braille output.

       This  command lets you arbitrarily start a new braille line, even

       if more text would fit on the current  line.   It  is  the  Turbo

       Braille  equivalent  of  the  "hard carriage return" used in word

       processors.  Usage:

                                      .BR

       where there are no arguments. See also ".FI" and ".NF".


                                    - 34 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 35

                                    (4) .CE


            Center:  The next line or lines of text in the BIF file  are

       centered in the braille output.  A line too long for the width of

       the  braille page is divided into two or three partsat convenient

       places, and each part is independently centered.  Usage:

                                      .CE

                                     .CE n

       where  "n"  specifies  how  many  lines  that  follow  should  be

       centered.  If no argument is used, one is assumed.


                                    - 35 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 36

                                    (5) .DV


            Divider:  This command places a line of braille dots two and

       five  across the braille page at specified line locations so that

       the page may later be folded.  You may specify one or  two  lines

       to fold the page in halves or in thirds.  Usage:

                                      .DV

                                     .DV n

                                    .DV n,n

            where  "n"  is  the number of the line or lines to fill with


                                    - 36 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 37

       braille dots two  and  five.   If  no  arguments  are  used,  any

       previous request is canceled.


                                    (6) .EP


            Extra  Page:   This command inserts an extra blank page into

       the braille output.  The extra page will contain only  a  running

       head  and  page  number, if these are in effect.  If the argument

       "1" is specified, this command works only if  an  odd  number  of

       pages  have  already  been  produced;  if  the  argument  "2"  is

       specified, it works only if an even number of pages have  already

                                    - 37 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 38

       been  produced; if neither a "1" nor a "2" is specified, it works

       unconditionally.  It is useful with  interpoint  printers,  which

       must  receive  an even number of pages in order to work properly.

       Including this command with the argument "1" as the last line  of

       a  BIF  file  guarantees  that  an  even  number of pages will be

       generated.  Usage:

                                      .EP

                                     .EP 1

                                     .EP 2

       where the first form always inserts an extra page, and the use of

                                    - 38 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 39

       "1" or "2" inserts an extra page only if an odd number (1) or  an

       even  number  (2)  of  pages has already been produced.  See also

       ".BL", ".BP", and ".TL".


                                    (7) .FI


            Fill:  Normally, Turbo Braille ignores line  breaks  in  the

       BIF file and produces filled lines of text in the braille output.

       This  command restores that condition (called "filling") after it

       has been suspended.  Usage:

                                      .FI

                                    - 39 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 40

       where there are no arguments. See also ".BR" and ".NF".


                                    (8) .GR


            Grade:  The grade of braille translation  is  selected  with

       this   command.   Grade  2  is  the  standard  used  for  braille

       publications.  Grade 1 uses the same composition rules  as  Grade

       2, but is not contracted.  Grade 0 uses the same filling of lines

       and  formation  of  pages  as grades 1 and 2, but passes all text

       directly to the output.  Grade  3  is  a  highly  compressed  and

       contracted form of braille, used by many persons in preparing and

                                    - 40 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 41

       maintaining personal documents.  Usage:

                                     .GR n

       where  "n" is 0, 1, 2, or 3, for the grade of braille translation

       desired.  The default is grade 2.  See also the imbedded commands

       "\0", "\1", "\2", and "\3".











                                    - 41 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 42

                                    (9) .HL


            Horizontal Line:  This command  is  used  to  insert  twelve

       cells  of  dots  two and five in the center of a braille line. It

       produces  the  standard  "termination  line"  used  to   separate

       successive articles, as in braille magazine format.  Usage:

                                      .HL

       where there are no arguments.






                                    - 42 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 43

                                   (10) .IN


            Indent:  This command indents all lines of text that follow,

       until  another  indentation  level is specified.  A value must be

       specified, which may be given relative to the current indentation

       or as the number of positions to indent  from  any  page  offset.

       Usage:

                                     .IN #

                                     .IN +#

                                     .IN -#


                                    - 43 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 44

       where  "#" is the number of positions to indent, and "+#" or "-#"

       are relative to the current indentation.  See also ".PO",  ".PP",

       ".RM", and ".TI".


                                   (11) .IT


            Italics:   The  line or lines of text that follow in the BIF

       file are italicized in the braille output.  The  italicized  text

       is  not  prevented  from being filled with earlier or later text.

       Lines of text may be both italicized and centered.  This  command

       may  immediately  precede or follow the command for centering.  A

                                    - 44 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 45

       centered line that is only partially italicized may not use  this

       command;  the  imbedded  commands for underscore and boldface are

       used instead.  Usage:

                                      .IT

                                     .IT #

       where  "#"  specifies  how  many  lines  that  follow  should  be

       italicized.  The  default  value  is  one.  See also the imbedded

       commands "\_" and "\!".





                                    - 45 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 46

                                   (12) .LC


            Lower  Case:   Normally,   Turbo   Braille   uses   standard

       composition  signs  to  indicate  capitalization.   This  command

       suspends the use of those signs and  treats  all  text  as  lower

       case.  Usage:

                                      .LC

       where there are no arguments. See also ".MC".






                                    - 46 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 47

                                   (13) .MC


            Mixed   Case:    Normally,   Turbo   Braille  uses  standard

       composition  signs  to  indicate  capitalization.   This  command

       restores   the   use   of   those   signs   and  performs  normal

       capitalization, after it has been suspended with a  .LC  command.

       Usage:

                                      .MC

       where there are no arguments. See also ".LC".




                                    - 47 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 48

                                   (14) .NE


            Need:   There  are times when braille should not appear on a

       page with too few remaining unused lines.  This command specifies

       a "need" to have a minimum number of unused  lines  remaining  on

       the  current  page  before  proceeding with the output.  If fewer

       than the specified number of lines remain, a new page is started.

       This is the Turbo Braille equivalent  of  the  "conditional  page

       break" used in some word processors.  Usage:

                                     .NE #


                                    - 48 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 49

       where  "#"  is  the  minimum  number of lines that must remain to

       permit output of the text that follows.


                                   (15) .NF


            No Fill:  Normally, Turbo Braille ignores line breaks in the

       BIF file and produces filled lines of text in the braille output.

       This command suspends the filling process so that every new  line

       in the BIF file starts a new line of braille.  Usage:

                                      .NF

       where there are no arguments. See also ".BR" and ".FI".

                                    - 49 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 50

                                   (16) .PL


            Page Length:  Usage:

                                     .PL #

                                     .PL +#

                                     .PL -#

       where "#" is the number of lines per braille page, and "+#" or "-

       #" are relative to the current page length.  The value of "#" may

       not exceed the maximum number of lines per page specified for the

       selected printer definition.


                                    - 50 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 51

                                   (17) .PN


            Page  Number:   This  command  lets  you  keep  track in the

       braille document of print page numbers in the original  material.

       It  has  no  effect  unless  print  page  number display has been

       selected with either the ".TL" or  the  ".BL"  command.   If  the

       current  position  is neither the top line nor the bottom line of

       the current braille page, a solid  horizontal  line  is  inserted

       across  the  braille page, followed by the new print page number.

       If print page numbers advance normally, no argument need be given


                                    - 51 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 52

       with this command.  You may specify a new print  page  number  if

       desired.   The  page  number may be relative to the present print

       page or an arbitrary page number.  Usage:

                                      .PN

                                     .PN #

                                     .PN +#

                                     .PN -#

       where "#" is the number of the new print page, and "+#"  or  "-#"

       are  relative to the present page number.  See also ".BL", ".BP",

       and ".TL".

                                    - 52 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 53

                                   (18) .PO


            Page Offset:  This command specifies the number  of  leading

       spaces  to  add  to  each  line  of braille before printing it or

       writing it to a file.  Page offset affects both  left  and  right

       margins  equally,  and comprises an area "to the left of position

       one" which is not available for  processing.   The  argument  may

       specify  a  change  from  the  current setting, or may specify an

       arbitrary number of leading spaces.  The default  is  no  offset.

       The  page offset plus the right margin may not exceed the maximum


                                    - 53 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 54

       number of cells per  line  specified  for  the  selected  printer

       definition.  Usage:

                                     .PO #

                                     .PO +#

                                     .PO -#

       where "#" is the number of positions to offset the page, and "+#"

       or "-#" are relative to the current page offset.  See also ".IN",

       ".PP", ".RM", and ".TI".





                                    - 54 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 55

                                   (19) .PP


            Paragraph:   This command causes a break in the text filling

       process, and indents the  next  line  two  positions  beyond  the

       current indentation.  Usage:

                                      .PP

       where  there are no arguments.  See also ".IN", ".PO", ".RM", and

       ".TI".






                                    - 55 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 56

                                   (20) .RF


            Read File:  This command inserts the contents  of  one  file

       into  another  during  braille translation.  The inserted file is

       assumed to be  another  BIF  file,  and  may  contain  text,  dot

       commands,  and  imbedded  commands.   It  may not contain another

       ".RF" command.  Any number of ".RF" commands may  appear  in  the

       file,  permitting  large  documents  to  be  created from several

       smaller files, or the automatic  inclusion  of  standard  "boiler

       plate" passages.  Usage:


                                    - 56 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 57

                                  .RF filename

       where  "filename" may specify a file in the current directory, or

       may specify another device or directory as well as a  file.   The

       DOS wild card characters are not supported.  See also ".SB".


                                   (21) .RH


            Running  Header:   This command allows a running title to be

       used in the braille document.  Only one title may be in effect at

       a time.  The title may appear at the top of  each  page,  at  the

       bottom  of  each  page, or both, on odd pages only, on even pages

                                    - 57 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 58

       only, or  on  every  page,  as  desired.   The  first  and  third

       arguments  of  the  ".TL"  or  the  ".BL"  commands determine the

       appearance and location of the  running  title  as  a  header  or

       footer, respectively. Usage:

                               .RH text of title

            where  "text  of  title"  may  be  any ordinary English text

       phrase.  Spring characters and  print  enhancements  may  not  be

       used.    Capitalization   and  punctuation  are  recognized,  and

       imbedded grade change commands are supported.  If no argument  is

       used, any previous title is canceled.  See also ".BL" and ".TL".

                                    - 58 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 59

                                   (22) .RM


            Right Margin:  This command specifies the last cell position

       on  a  braille  line.   The  argument  may give a change from the

       current setting, or may be an arbitrary cell position.  The right

       margin plus the page offset may not exceed the maximum  width  of

       the  line  the  printer  can print.  The number of cells actually

       embossed on a line is the  right  margin  less  the  indentation.

       Usage:

                                     .RM #


                                    - 59 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 60

                                     .RM +#

                                     .RM -#

       where  "#"  is  the  rightmost  cell position to be embossed on a

       line, and "+#" or "-#" are relative to the current right  margin.

       See also ".IN", ".PP", ".PO", and ".TI".











                                    - 60 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 61

                                   (23) .SB


            Substitute:   A string of text may be substituted for one of

       the letters of the  alphabet,  which  may  then  be  used  as  an

       imbedded  command.   The  .SB command defines the substitution so

       that later references to the letter in an imbedded  command  will

       retrieve  and  insert  the  string  at  the  point  of reference.

       Substitutions may be defined in one file and invoked  in  another

       with the aid of the ".RF" command.  Usage:

                              .SB x string of text


                                    - 61 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 62

       where  "x"  is  any  letter  and  "string of text" is any desired

       information.  Upper and lower case letters are not  distinguished

       for  "x",  but  case is respected in the string of text.  A space

       must separate the command name from the  letter  and  the  letter

       from  the  string.  No special punctuation marks the start or end

       of the string.  Substitutions may not be nested.  See also  ".RF"

       and the section on imbedded commands.







                                    - 62 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 63

                                   (24) .SK


            Skip:  This command inserts one or more blank lines into the

       braille  document.   It works even if at top of page, where ".SP"

       has no effect.  With no argument, one  blank  line  is  inserted.

       Usage:

                                      .SK

                                     .SK #

       where  "#"  is  the  number  of  blank lines to insert.  See also

       ".SP".


                                    - 63 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 64

                                   (25) .SP


            Space:  This command inserts one or more  blank  lines  into

       the  braille document.  It has no effect if at top of page.  With

       no argument, one blank line is inserted.  Usage:

                                      .SP

                                     .SP #

       where "#" is the number of  blank  lines  to  insert.   See  also

       ".SK".




                                    - 64 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 65

                                   (26) .TI


            Temporary   Indent:   The  next  line  is  indented  to  the

       position, or by the number of positions, given in  the  argument.

       No  lasting  effect  on indentation occurs.  This command permits

       "hanging indents" or "undents" to be made, by first  establishing

       a   permanent   indentation   of   several  positions,  and  then

       temporarily indenting the next line fewer positions.  Usage:

                                     .TI #

                                     .TI +#


                                    - 65 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 66

                                     .TI -#

       where "#" is the number of positions  to  indent  the  next  line

       only,  and  "+#"  or "-#" are relative to the current indentation

       and are used to indent the  next  line  only.   See  also  ".IN",

       ".PO", and ".PP".











                                    - 66 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 67

                                   (27) .TL


            Top Line:  The top line of each braille page may be used for

       text or may contain a running title.  It may also contain no page

       number,  a  roman  or arabic braille page number, or a print page

       number at the right margin.  Identical running  titles  and  page

       numbers  may  be  placed on every page, or they may be separately

       specified for odd numbered pages and even numbered pages.  Usage:

                                    .TL x,y

                                   .TL x,y,1


                                    - 67 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 68

                                   .TL x,y,2

       where "x" is 0, 1, 2, or 3, for text on the top line, blank space

       on the top line, a left adjusted running  title,  or  a  centered

       running title; and where "y" is 0, 1, 2, or 3 for no page number,

       roman  braille  page number, arabic braille page number, or print

       page number.  The optional 1 or 2 in the third  position  applies

       the  specification  to odd numbered pages (1) or to even numbered

       pages (2).  The default value is ".TL 0,2" to use  the  top  line

       for text with arabic braille page numbers on all pages.  See also

       ".EP", ".PN", ".BL", and ".RH".

                                    - 68 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 69

                                   (28) .X#


            Escape  Sequence:   The .X# dot commands (.X0, .X1, ... .X9)

       are different from other  dot  commands.   They  may  not  appear

       within  a  BIF  file;  they  may only appear on the Turbo Braille

       command line or at  the  TBRL3>  prompt.   If  the  corresponding

       escape sequence exists, and if the printer has been selected, the

       sequence  is  sent  to the printer.  The "/X" interactive command

       must be used to define the escape sequence, and the "/W"  command

       must be used to select the printer.  Usage:


                                    - 69 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 70

                                      .X#

       where  "#"  is  a  digit  from  0  to 9.  See also the "/X" Turbo

       Braille command.


                               Imbedded Commands


            Imbedded commands may occur on the same line as text in  the

       BIF  file,  sandwiched  between  words, or even imbedded within a

       single word to achieve  some  immediate  effect.   Each  imbedded

       command  begins  with  the  backslash  character "\" and includes

       exactly one additional character:  either a letter, a digit, or a

                                    - 70 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 71

       punctuation  mark.   If  the  additional  character  is  also   a

       backslash character, then an ordinary backslash is recognized.


            "\x",  where "x" is a letter:  This command inserts a string

       of text which must previously have been defined in  a  ".SB"  dot

       command.   The  resulting string may contain still other imbedded

       commands, but may not contain other substitutions.


            "\0", "\1", "\2", "\3", the grade  change  commands:   These

       commands   change   the   grade  of  braille  in  the  middle  of

       translation.   If  you  know  that  Turbo   Braille   incorrectly

                                    - 71 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 72

       translates something, you can fix it temporarily with these grade

       change  commands.  To prevent "name" from appearing in "ornament"

       you may use one of several methods.  One is to surround  the  "n"

       or  the  "a"  of  "name"  with "\1" and "\2" to change to grade 1

       uncontracted braille just for that letter.  Another method is  to

       insert "\2" between "n" and "a", or between "a" and "m".  This is

       a  request  to  change  from  grade  2 to grade 2, which at first

       glance does not make sense.  It does however break  up  the  word

       "name"  quite safely, so that Turbo Braille cannot find it in its

       table of contractions.

                                    - 72 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 73

            "\:", "\.", "\-", the spring characters:  These expand  when

       processed,  inserting  as many spaces, guide dots, or solid lines

       as are required to fill a line.  Guide dots  use  dot  #5;  solid

       lines  use  dots #3 and #6.  Springs may be repeated in a line as

       often as needed and in any order, to achieve  special  formatting

       effects.   Do  not  use  them  in  lines  being  centered,  since

       centering uses a separate and incompatible mechanism.


            "\@", "\#", "\%", page number  characters:   These  commands

       let you refer to the current braille page in roman numerals (\@),


                                    - 73 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 74

       to  the  current  braille page in arabic numerals (\#), or to the

       current print page in standard textbook page number format  (\%).

       Page  numbers  are placed on the top line or the bottom line with

       the dot commands ".TL" and ".BL", and  not  with  these  imbedded

       commands.   If  you need to refer to the current braille or print

       page anywhere else in a document, you  may  use  these  commands.

       They  may  also  be  used  in  the  strings  of text of the ".SB"

       command, so that  when  the  letter  substitution  is  made,  the

       correct current page number in the desired format is used.



                                    - 74 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 75

            "\!",  "\_",  print  enhancement characters:  These commands

       are toggles and each must be used twice, once to turn its  action

       on,  and  once again to turn it off.  The "\!" controls boldface,

       and the "\_" controls underscore.  Both boldface  and  underscore

       are   converted  to  italics  in  braille.   These  commands  act

       independently from one another, and independently  from  the  dot

       command  ".IT".  You may not, for example, start italics with one

       command and expect to terminate it with another.  The variety  of

       methods  for  italicizing  reflects  the fact that there are more

       methods for enhancing printed text than there are  for  enhancing

                                    - 75 -
       Turbo Braille                                           Screen 76

       braille text.



















                                    - 76 -
