Chronology of the Hacker Crackdown
**********************************

   1865 U.S. Secret Service (USSS) founded. 1876  Alexander Graham Bell
invents telephone. 1878  First teenage males flung off phone system by
enraged authorities. 1939  "Futurian" science-fiction group raided by
Secret Service. 1971  Yippie phone phreaks start YIPL/TAP magazine.
1972  *Ramparts* magazine seized in blue-box rip-off scandal. 1978 
Ward Christenson and Randy Suess create first personal computer
bulletin board system. 1982  William Gibson coins term "cyberspace."
1982  "414 Gang"  raided. 1983-1983  AT&T dismantled in divestiture.
1984  Congress passes Comprehensive Crime Control Act giving USSS
jurisdiction over credit card fraud and computer fraud. 1984 "Legion of
Doom" formed. 1984.  *2600:  The Hacker Quarterly* founded. 1984.  
*Whole Earth Software Catalog* published. 1985.  First police "sting"
bulletin board systems established. 1985.  Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
computer conference (WELL) goes on-line. 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse
Act passed. 1986  Electronic Communications Privacy Act passed. 1987 
Chicago prosecutors form Computer Fraud and Abuse Task Force. 1988
July.  Secret Service covertly videotapes "SummerCon" hacker
convention. September.  "Prophet" cracks BellSouth AIMSX computer
network and downloads E911 Document to his own computer and to Jolnet.
September.  AT&T Corporate Information Security informed of Prophet's
action. October.  Bellcore Security informed of Prophet's action. 1989
January.  Prophet uploads E911 Document to Knight Lightning. February
25.  Knight Lightning publishes E911 Document in *Phrack* electronic
newsletter. May.  Chicago Task Force raids and arrests "Kyrie." June. 
"NuPrometheus League" distributes Apple Computer proprietary software.
June 13.  Florida probation office crossed with phone-sex line in
switching-station stunt. July.  "Fry Guy" raided by USSS and Chicago
Computer Fraud and Abuse Task Force. July.  Secret Service raids
"Prophet," "Leftist," and "Urvile" in Georgia. 1990 January 15. Martin
Luther King Day Crash strikes AT&T long-distance network nationwide.
January 18-19  Chicago Task Force raids Knight Lightning in St. Louis.
January 24. USSS and New York State Police raid "Phiber Optik,"  "Acid
Phreak," and "Scorpion" in New York City. February 1. USSS raids
"Terminus" in Maryland. February 3. Chicago Task Force raids Richard
Andrews' home. February 6. Chicago Task Force raids Richard Andrews'
business. February 6. USSS arrests Terminus, Prophet, Leftist, and
Urvile. February 9. Chicago Task Force arrests Knight Lightning.
February 20. AT&T Security shuts down public-access "attctc" computer
in Dallas. February 21.  Chicago Task Force raids Robert Izenberg in
Austin. March 1.  Chicago Task Force raids Steve Jackson Games, Inc.,
"Mentor," and "Erik Bloodaxe" in Austin. May 7,8,9.  USSS and Arizona
Organized Crime and Racketeering Bureau conduct "Operation Sundevil"
raids in Cincinnatti, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, Phoenix,
Pittsburgh, Richmond, Tucson, San Diego, San Jose, and San Francisco.
May.  FBI interviews John Perry Barlow re NuPrometheus case. June. 
Mitch Kapor and Barlow found Electronic Frontier Foundation;  Barlow
publishes *Crime and Puzzlement* manifesto. July 24-27.  Trial of Knight
Lightning. 1991 February.  CPSR Roundtable in Washington, D.C. March
25-28.  Computers, Freedom and Privacy conference in San Francisco. May
1.  Electronic Frontier Foundation, Steve Jackson, and others file suit
against members of Chicago Task Force. July 1-2.  Switching station
phone software crash affects Washington, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh, San
Francisco. September 17.  AT&T phone crash affects New York City and
three airports.