$Unique_ID{BAS00172}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{College Baseball}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{
Gagnon, Cappy}
$Subject{College Intercollegiate Colleges farm system collegians collegiate
university school schools}
$Log{}

Total Baseball:  Other Leagues


College Baseball

Cappy Gagnon


     Intercollegiate baseball has come a long way since July 1, 1859, when the
first match was played between Amherst and Williams Colleges, at Pittsfield,
Massachusetts. Amherst won by a 73-32 score, on a playing field
unrecognizable today. The pitcher was twenty-five feet closer to the batter,
and the diamond was only sixty feet on a side. In keeping more with the
academic orientation of the times, the two schools engaged in a chess match on
the following day. The baseball game was played under the "Massachusetts
rules," which eventually gave way to "New York rules," the forerunner of the
game we know today. At the time of this game, Abraham Lincoln was not yet
President. After the game there were rumors of some "ringers" being used by
each team. This was a problem which haunted college sports for the next six
decades.
     Early college baseball thus preceded the National League by seventeen
years. The colleges also provided one very significant equipment innovation.
It was a Harvard man named Fred W. Thayer who invented the catcher's mask.
Thayer gave his homemade creation to Harry Thatcher, the Crimson backstop
(though several sources credit instead Harvard's star, James Tyng). After
overcoming taunts about his "babyish and cowardly" act, Thatcher adjusted to
wearing the mask. A short while later, Thayer saw the potential of this
invention, and on February 12, 1878, he obtained a patent for it.
     From the founding of the National Association in 1871 to the present
there has been a collegiate influence on the national pastime. There is
little evidence that this influence has raised the level of scholarship in the
dugout, but unquestionably college baseball has provided an important feeder
system for the majors. Initially, this role was important because major
league teams of the pre-Rickey era did not have their own farm systems and
competed vigorously with each other for raw playing talent. Colleges were an
additional place for youngsters to develop.
     The majors became more closely aligned with the campuses beginning in the
1890s, when veteran players began to serve as coaches of college teams. Until
about 1910, college teams did not have full-time baseball field coaches.
During February and March of each year, teams practiced in gymnasiums until
weather permitted outside play. These practices were often supervised by a
big leaguer, or other pro, limbering up for his own spring training to follow.
He might have been a player from the neighboring area, as when Lou Criger of
Elkhart, Indiana, or Harry Arndt of South Bend coached the Notre Dame teams.
Or he might have been a recent graduate of the school, as when Jesse Burkett
coached Holy Cross. Such coaches usually retained an entree with the college
when his big league team was looking for prospects. Norwood Gibson and Red
Morgan followed Criger to the Red Sox, Red Murray followed Arndt to the
Cardinals, and Lou Sockalexis followed Burkett to the Cleveland Spiders.
     Once the intercollegiate season began, there would be little or no
involvement from university staff in the conduct of play. The team captain, a
player, would function as the manager. Another student, a nonplayer, would
function as the athletic director, scheduling games with other colleges and
with independent and professional teams. George Huff, of Illinois, was
probably the first paid full-time "coacher." His knowledge of the game helped
make the Illini a "western" power, while at the same time developing future
pros. Huff scouted for the Cubs and recruited players from his own teams and
neighboring colleges for the Southsiders. In the former group were pitchers
Carl Lundgren, Big Jeff Pfeffer, and Fred Beebe. Pitcher Ed Reulbach, of
Notre Dame, was an example of the latter.
     With a few exceptions in California (notably St. Mary's), college
baseball until after World War Two was primarily a northeastern and midwestern
sport. Because of travel difficulties and the location of all sixteen major
league teams within a handful of eastern and midwestern states, college
baseball became dominated by the eastern athletic powers (Harvard, Yale,
Princeton, and Brown). "Western" upstarts like Illinois, Michigan, Chicago,
and Notre Dame were lightly regarded by them. Because intersectional play did
not occur until around 1910, however, there was no way to evaluate the
competing claims of superiority. Catholic schools Boston College, Fordham,
and Manhattan and the Ivy League were strong around the turn of the century,
as were many small eastern colleges like Amherst. Harvard had such a
strong team, they were able to defeat the defending and soon to repeat
world champion Boston Red Sox, 1-0, on April 10, 1916.
     Early collegians showed their cleverness in choosing pseudonyms. The two
great Columbia players were known as "Sullivan" (Eddie Collins) and "Lewis"
(Lou Gehrig). John Mohardt of Notre Dame had an interesting story as a result
of his baseball alias: Mohardt became "Cavanaugh" when the entire Notre Dame
team went to New Hampton, Iowa, for the summer of 1920. Mohardt picked up a
girlfriend during that summer. He confided to her what the "ND" on the team
caps stood for (his teammates claimed they were from North Dakota), but did
not divulge his real name. Later that fall, when she sent a love note to
"Johnny Cavanaugh, c/o Notre Dame," it was delivered to the Reverend John
Cavanaugh, C.S.C., president of the university, who was not amused.
     Early "tramp athletes" went from school to school and played on semipro
teams under various aliases. Some "collegiate" players were not even enrolled
in the colleges they represented. Bert Daniels was one of a number of
itinerant collegians. He played at Villanova, Notre Dame, and Bucknell--all
under his own name, while playing minor league ball during the summers, using
five different aliases. As "Ayres," at Altoona in 1910, he was called the
"next Ty Cobb." Unfortunately, he was already twenty-seven years old and had
already played ten years of college and semipro football. All this had taken
its toll on his legs. Daniels did make good use of his schooling, however,
becoming an engineer.
     Big leaguers came from virtually every college, including small and
lesser-known colleges. Mathewson of Bucknell, Coombs of Colby, Plank of
Gettysburg, Thorpe of Carlisle, and Beaumont of Beloit were good examples of
why the majors scouted even the small schools. Although college teams played
fewer than thirty games at this time, due to cold weather and travel
difficulties and perhaps an occasional class or two, the top collegiate
players seemed to get in sufficient playing time to impress big league scouts.
Semipro, Industrial League, and town-team leagues were three of the types of
ball for which a skilled collegian could pick up a little money for tuition
and supporting his family.
     The rise of college programs in the South and Far West came much later.
The first major leaguer from the University of Southern California was Fay
Thomas in 1927. Rod Dedeaux of the 1935 Dodgers was the fourth. Notre Dame
had at least forty men reach the big leagues by 1920. Brown had fourteen in
the majors by 1900. Georgetown was another early producer of big leaguers.
     Once there was full-time college baseball, the relationship between the
majors and the colleges became even more pronounced. In 1909 Connie Mack
installed Jack Barry, a Holy Cross collegian as the shortstop in his $100,000
infield. During his forty years as coach of the Crusaders (1921-1961), Barry
sent at least twenty-three players to the majors, including Gene Desautels and
Mike Hegan. Connie Mack sent his son Earle to Niagara and Notre Dame.
     According to Ellery Clark in Red Sox Forever, the early Bosox team
featured many collegians, including two stars from St. Mary's (Duffy Lewis and
Harry Hooper) who formed two-thirds of the best outfield of its day and the
two best players from Vermont's 1908 team (Ray Collins and Larry Gardner).
     One factor which may have encouraged many players to matriculate instead
of trying out with the majors was the number of them who were multiple-sports
stars. Christy Mathewson played football and basketball; Robin Roberts played
basketball at Michigan State; Alvin Dark was a football star at Louisiana
State University; Ted Kluszewski and Moose Skowron were football players at
Indiana and Purdue respectively; Joe Adcock was a scoring star in basketball
at Louisiana State University; Lou Boudreau, Frank Baumholtz, and Dick Groat
were All-Americans in basketball at Illinois, Ohio, and Duke; and Jackie
Robinson starred in football and track at U.C.L.A.
     Many players better known for football were major leaguers too: George
Halas, Ernie Nevers, Jim Thorpe, Red Badgro, Ace Parker, etc. Similarly, many
collegiate baseball players achieved fame in other professional sports, like
NFL quarterbacks Joe Theismann (ND) and John Elway (Stanford). The legendary
George Gipp played a little baseball at Notre Dame. The Cubs allegedly
offered him a contract after watching him play semipro baseball with Kiki
Cuyler in Michigan.
     College men were not always warmly received into the majors. Veteran
players had a natural reluctance to accept anyone who was out to win a scarce
job, in the days of sixteen teams and eighteen-man rosters. Secondly, the
crude, often ill-educated pros were more than a little resentful of the
more-cultured and better-educated collegians. Writing just before the turn of
the century, sportswriter George E. Stackhouse quoted "a well-known
professional catcher . . . [whose manager] . . . was beginning to get the
college baseball fever." The player approached a collegian and asked him if
he were thinking of becoming a professional. When the collegian said he had
no idea of becoming a pro, the catcher replied, "with much warmth: 'Now
that's square, old man. You know Greek, Latin, and something about the world.
You can make a good living anywhere. Don't interfere with us fellows, because
you don't have to.'"
     Henry Edwards of the Major League Service Bureau estimated this
percentage of collegians in the majors at almost one-third in 1932. This is a
big jump from 1909, when only fifty-seven big leaguers--or approximately 14
percent--had college backgrounds.
     Because of the harsh conditions they faced, many star baseballers took
their schooling seriously and skipped the majors. Another factor is that
player salaries, in an era long before Marvin Miller, were often not
attractive enough to persuade a bright college man to give up a career in a
profession.
     According to the 1900 U.S. Census, fewer than 2 percent of
twenty-three-year-old men were college graduates. The average annual earnings
of a working man from 1900 through World War One ranged from a little more
than $400 to a little less than $1,000. A college man stood a much better
chance to earn more than his counterpart. Similarly, professional players did
not earn much more than average, and their short careers and unpleasant travel
conditions made it difficult to develop either a nest egg or a headstart on a
post-playing career.
     The Notre Dame baseball captain in 1900 was probably as good a player as
Peaches O'Neill, Red Morgan, Bob Bescher, Henry Thielman, Norwood Gibson, Bert
Keeley, Frank Shaughnessy, and several other of his teammates who went on to
the majors. Instead, first baseman Angus MacDonald, a four-letter winner,
took his business degree to New York City, where he went to work for the
Southern Pacific Railroad, later becoming president of the railroad.
     Despite the closer relationship, considerable hostility remained between
organized ball and the colleges. An editorial in The Sporting News on March
14, 1946, defended major league baseball's plantation treatment of the
colleges.
     Referring to the case of Gale Bishop of Washington State, who was signed
early and made ineligible for further collegiate play, "University authorities
have complained about this and similar practices, but few have shown any
disposition to give the game an adequate place in their athletic programs,
because of the emphasis placed on football and basketball." The fact that
Bishop had no major league career to show for the disruption of his college
athletics only exacerbated the problem.
     On July 2, 1947, The Sporting News reported that a foundation was being
laid for a truce between organized ball and the colleges. Earlier, Branch
Rickey, himself a college man from Ohio Wesleyan and later George Sisler's
baseball coach at Michigan when he was the country's top college pitcher, said
that he felt the colleges had "dirty skirts" themselves and were in no
position to lecture the majors. Rickey said he would continue to scout and
sign collegians because he felt that some college teams had relationships with
major league teams that were akin to their being farmclubs. And we know that
Branch Rickey was not going to be "out-farmclubbed" by anyone.
     One of the committee members representing organized baseball in its
deliberations with the colleges was Frank "Shag" Shaughnessy, president of the
International League. He said, "The player should not be compelled to wait to
play professional ball if he needs the money to complete his education."
     Shag was a star baseball and football player at Notre Dame who paid for
his college education by playing semipro (as "Shannon") and professional ball.
     Once the minor league teams were no longer able to sign and develop their
own players, but were dependent upon "working agreements" with big league
teams, long-term player development became a function of college baseball
programs. Major league teams could avoid signing hundreds of players and
maintaining ten or more minor league affiliates by simply letting the colleges
do their work for them. College facilities and coaching were at least as good
as the low minors. Players were "signed" to a scholarship and nurtured by the
colleges. Big league scouts could watch their playing and learn something
about their competitive abilities, injury history, and maturity. After two or
three years, the best players would be drafted and sent to Rookie Ball or
higher. Some think that a good college program might be the equivalent of
Double-A baseball.
     From the 1950s on, the major leagues changed their relationship with the
minors dramatically, thereby thrusting the college game into an even more
prominent role. Schools such as Arizona, Arizona State, and Texas began to
produce big leaguers by the gross. When Dedeaux returned to his alma mater as
coach, he increased their big league output dramatically while winning ten
collegiate championships from 1958 to 1978.
     From 1954 through 1980, there were only three years when U.S.C. did not
send at least one player to the majors--forty-five players in twenty-seven
years. Tom Seaver, Dave Kingman, Fred Lynn, Ron Fairly, and Don Buford were
among this invasion. Commissioner Bowie Kuhn estimated in 1978 that more than
two-thirds of major leaguers were college men.
     There are also advantages for the collegians in this relationship. If an
aspiring major leaguer's baseball apprenticeship does not work out, he can
concentrate on his studies and find another vocation. He is in an environment
where he has more opportunity for enrichment, for overall personal
development, than would result from his being thrown into the minors at age
seventeen or eighteen, as so often occurred during baseball's early days.
     Great collegiate baseball teams can be evaluated in terms of two
measures: the number of games won and the number of major league players
produced. It is hard to argue with those who regard the University of
Southern California as the greatest school on both counts. Since the
inception of the Division I NCAA baseball championship in 1947, the U.S.C.
Trojans have won eleven times and have finished as runner-up once. Next
closest are Arizona State, with five firsts and three seconds; Texas with four
firsts and one second; Arizona with three of each; and Minnesota with three
titles. Oklahoma State, Cal State Fullerton, Florida State, Wichita State,
and Miami are other schools with baseball programs that have been very strong
during the past decade.
     Pepperdine's 1992 championship kept the trophy in the Sun Belt for
the twenty-fourth year in the past twenty-five. Only Wichita State's 1989
title interrupted the run which began after Ohio State's 1966 win.
     Besides Barry and Dedeaux, former big leaguers coaching these NCAA
championship teams have included Bibb Falk (at Texas), Ray Fisher and Don Lund
(Michigan), Dick Siebert (Minnesota), and Jerry Kindall (Arizona).
     The Trojans of USC, Texas Longhorns, and Arizona Sun Devils are the top
three schools in producing major leaguers. The next echelon, in order,
includes Michigan, Holy Cross, Illinois, and Notre Dame. The Michigan
Wolverines are the only school to have produced a major leaguer in every
decade since the founding of the National Association in 1871.
     Texas has provided the majors with Roger Clemens, Greg Swindell, Burt
Hooten, Calvin Schiraldi, and Keith Moreland among recent stars. Alabama
claims Frank Lary, Riggs Stephenson, Joe Sewell, Del Pratt, and Butch Hobson.
Michigan has sent an all-world infield combo of George Sisler, Charlie
Gehringer, Bill Freehan, Barry Larkin, and Chris Sabo. Brigham Young has
been strong recently with Jack Morris, Wally Joyner, and Cory Snyder.
     In 1973, the California Angels thought so much of the coaching of Bobby
Winkles of the Arizona State Sun Devils that they hired him as their manager,
the first time the majors had ever hired a college coach with no prior big
league experience. Winkles managed two years each with the Angels and the
A's. At Arizona State Winkles had coached Rick Monday, Reggie Jackson, and
Sal Bando.
     The NCAA has selected a championship Series Most Valuable Player since
1949. Winners of this award have included future big leaguers Tom Yewcic (C,
Michigan State), Tom Borland (P, Oklahoma State), Cal Emery (P-1B, Penn
State), Bob Garibaldi (P, Santa Clara), Sal Bando (3B, Arizona State), Steve
Arlin (P, Ohio State), Jerry Tabb (1B, Tulsa), Dave Winfield (P-OF,
Minnesota), Bob Horner (3B, Arizona State), Terry Francona (LF, Arizona), and
Calvin Schiraldi (P, Texas).

     Determining the number of players who have attended each college is a
difficult job, especially for pre-World War I players. Most sports information
directors have very little information prior to the 1920s. Many have little
before World War II. Several other colleges have become defunct or merged out
of their previous identity. Some "colleges" were actually prep schools, but
with college in their name. Early "collegians" may not have been enrolled as
students. Many colleges have been unresponsive to research requests. The
ranking lists change frequently as new players reach the majors and as the
college affiliation of oldtimers gets uncovered.
     As of this publication, this is the ranking of colleges
attended by major leaguers:

U.S.C.
Texas
Arizona State
Michigan
Holy Cross
Illinois
Notre Dame
Pennsylvania
St. Mary's
Ohio State
Arizona
Georgetown
U.C.L.A.
Santa Clara
Alabama
Brown
Oklahoma
Stanford
North Carolina
California
Missouri
Florida State
Villanova
Duke
Michigan State
Florida
Tennessee
Western Michigan
Baylor
Washington State
Penn State
Mississippi State
Texas A & M
L.S.U.
Clemson
Yale
Georgia Tech
Manhattan
Harvard
Maryland
Oregon
Northwestern
Georgia
Mississippi
Dartmouth
Southern Illinois
Boston College
San Diego State
South Carolina
Virginia
Wisconsin
Cal State Fullerton
Iowa
Princeton
Brigham Young
Indiana


COLLEGE AND MAJOR LEAGUE REGISTER, through 1900

National Association 1871-1875


1871

Cap Anson
Attended on-campus prep
programs at Iowa and Notre
Dame. Helped found campus
baseball program at Notre Dame
in 1866

Steve Bellan
Unconfirmed matriculation at Fordham,
then known as Rose Hill; played for college team

Denny Mack
Attended Villanova 1866-70


1872

Tim Murnane
Prep Division at Holy Cross,
1868-70

Jim O'Rourke
Received LL.B. from Yale,
1887


1873

Alexander Nevins
Graduated from Yale, 1874


1875

Albert Bushong
Received D.D.S. from Penn in
1882

George Knight
Received B.A. from Yale in
1877


BEGINNING OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE AND ALL OTHER MAJOR LEAGUERS (1876)

1877

John Haldeman
Attended Washington and Lee, 1872-75

Leonidas Lee
Received A.B. from Princeton, 1878. Unconfirmed Medical work at "Missouri
Medical"

Lawrence Reis
Attended Chicago University (now defunct)


1878

Frank Bliss
Attended Michigan

Russell McKelvy
Attended Allegheny

Monte Ward
Attended Penn State and Columbia


1879

Cyrus Allen
Received D.D.S. from Penn, 1882

Pat McManus
Unconfirmed at Manhattan

J. Lee Richmond
Oberlin College Prep Department, 1873-76; Brown, 1876-80; A.B. A.M., 1883;
College of Physicians and Surgeons (now Columbia), 1881-82; University of the
City of New York, (now N.Y.U.), 1882-83, M.D.

Henry Salisbury
Unconfirmed at Brown

Dennis Sullivan
Uncertain conformation at Boston College and Holy Cross

James Tyng
Class of 1876 at Harvard

William White
Class of 1883 at Brown


1880

Frank Mountain
Attended Union (Schenectady, N.Y.), Class of 1884


1881

Asa Stratton
A.B., Brown, 1873; LL.B., Boston University, 1875

Jerry Denny
Attended St. Mary's (California), 1877-79


1882

Hal McClure
Unconfirmed at Penn State, Bucknell Grad, 1877

Ren Wylie
Confirmed at Geneva


1883

Ben Guiney
Unconfirmed at Assumption (Canada)

Allen Hubbard
Received Ph.B. from Yale, 1883

John Humphries
Cornell Grad, 1883 (Law)

Daniel James
B.A., Yale, 1884; D.D.S., Harvard, 1889

Willard Sawyer
Graduated from Adalbert College (Case-Western), 1883

Albert Smith
Attended Yale, 1879-82

Billy Sunday
Attended Northwestern, 1884

George Andrews
At Western Reserve (Case-Western), 1 year, Class of 1884

Charles Bassett
Attended Brown 3 years, Class of 1885

Fred Carroll
Attended St. Mary's (California), 1883

Edward Conley
Unconfirmed at Holy Cross, Class of 1897

Jim Fogarty
Attended St. Mary's (California), 1883

Charlie Gagus
Attended St. Mary's (California), 1875-77

Thomas Gunning
Attended Holy Cross, 1886-87; M.D., Penn, 1891

John Harkins
Unconfirmed at Rutgers

John Hibbard
Lettered at Michigan, 1885-87

William Hutchison
A.B., Yale, 1880

Milo Lockwood
Unconfirmed at Hiram

William Loughran
Attended Columbia Law School, 1887

Thomas Lynch
Diploma from Gallaudet, 1886

James McCauley
Attended Union (Schenectady, NY), Class of 1885

Ed Morris
At St. Mary's (California), 1883

Hank O'Day
At St. Mary's (California), 1882

Frank Olin
Attended Cornell, 1881-86. Studying Chemical Engineering

John Smith
Unconfirmed at St. Anselm's

Fred Clay Tenney
Attended Brown, Class of 1880

William Vinton
Attended Yale, Class of 1888

Moses Walker
Oberlin Prep & College (1877-81); Michigan Letters (1882)

Weldy Walker
Oberlin Prep (1881-83); Michigan Letters (1883-84)


1885

Peter Wood
Western University of London (Ontario), M.D.; 1893


1886

Daniel Bickham
A.B., Princeton; 1886

William Finley
Attended Columbia Law School, 1887

William Irwin
Unconfirmed at Ohio Wesleyan

George Winkleman
Attended Georgetown


1887

Mark Baldwin
Prep Class at Penn State, (1887); M.D., Baltimore Medical College (now
University of Maryland), 1900

Doc Hall
M.D., Rush Medical (Chicago), 1887

Doc Leitner
Unconfirmed at Fordham; M.D., Bellevue Medical (N.Y.)

George Townsend
M.D., Bellevue Medical (NY)


1888

Count Campau
Prep Program at Notre Dame

Frank Dwyer
Attended Hobart, Class of 1890

Hartman Oberlander
Attended Syracuse

Ben Sanders
Received Bachelor of Engineering from Vanderbilt, 1892

Leon Viau
Attended Dartmouth, 1884-87

Woodie Wagenhurst
A.B. (1888) & A.M. (1892), Princeton; Also attended Penn Law School


1889

William Garfield
At Oberlin Prep & College (1882-89), A.B., 1889

Mike Sullivan
Received LL. B. from Boston University, 1896


1890

Sumner Bowman
Penn LL. B., 1891

Hiram Church
At Syracuse, 1886-87

Archie Clark
At Brown, 1885-86; A.B., Williams, 1889

Ed Eiteljorg
Played football at DePauw two years after majors debut

Robert Gibson
Penn State, Class of 1889, Washington and Jefferson, B.S.

John Keefe
Attended Holy Cross, 1889

Willie McGill
Pitched first varsity game at Notre Dame while in third big league season.
May have previously attended Notre Dame while in third big league season.
May have previously attended Notre Dame's prep program.

Harry Taylor
Repeatedly attended Cornell, 1891

Tom Cahill
Holy Cross Prep, 1882-4, A.B.; 1888, Penn Medical, 1888-90

Jim Darragh
D.D.S., Penn 1891

Tom Dowd
Brown, Class of 1893; also attended Georgetown

George Fox
Unconfirmed at Georgetown

Bert Inks
Attended Notre Dame

Hugh Jennings
St. Bonaventure, 1894-97; Cornell, 1901-04

John McGraw
St. Bonaventure, 1892-95

John Merritt
Holy Cross Prep, 1890-91

John O'Connell
Attended Northwestern

Phil Saylor
Attended Ohio Wesleyan


1892

Bert Abbey
Attended Vermont, 1887-1891

Daniel Daub
Attended Granville Academy and Denison, 1890-96

John Hollison
Attended Dunham Medical College

Mark McGrillis
Unconfirmed at Penn

John Shannon
Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard, 1897-99; Unconfirmed at Holy Cross

William Thompson
D.D.S., Penn, 1897

Fred Woodcock
Dartmouth Class of 1891; A.B., Brown, 1891


1893

Jesse Allen
B.A., Amherst, 1893; M.D., Penn, 1897; Ursinus, 1904

James Bannon
Attended Holy Cross, 1892-94

Dick Brown
Unconfirmed at Johns Hopkins

Red Donahue
Attended Villanova, 1890-93

Jack McCarthy
Attended Holy Cross, 1892

Frank O'Connor
Attended Dartmouth; M.D. Long Island Medical, 1898

Dennis O'Neil
A.B., Holy Cross, 1892; Yale Law 1892-93

Doc Parker
M.D., Herring Medical College

John Stafford
Holy Cross Prep, 1890-93

Otis Stocksdale
Unconfirmed at Johns Hopkins


1894

Alva Burris
Unconfirmed at Washington College; M.D., Hanneman Medical, 1909

Frank Griffith
Attended Northwestern

Yale Murphy
B.A., Yale 1893

Tom Smith
At Fordham (St. John's College) 1891-92; Holy Cross, 1893-94

Andy Sommerville
M.D., Tulane; Brown, Class of 1898; Attended Virginia Medical 1897-1900;
Unconfirmed at Vermont

Fred Steere
Brown, Class of 1894, A.B., 1909

Frederick Tenney
Brown, Class of 1894

Bill Wynne
Unconfirmed at Wake Forest


1895

Henry Adkinson
A.M. (1898) & A.B. (1897), Chicago

Andrew Boswell
Penn, Class of 1897

Frank Bowerman
Attended Michigan

Daniel Coogan
Penn, Class of 1895; A.B., Georgetown, 1895

Joe Corbett
Attended St. Mary's, 1889-93

James Gannon
Unconfirmed at Allegheny

James Gardner
Unconfirmed at Allegheny

Thomas McCreery
Unconfirmed at Georgetown

Andy McFarland
Washington and Lee, Class of 1896

James McJames
Unconfirmed at South Carolina Medical College

Al Orth
Unconfirmed at DePauw

Arlie Pond
M.D. (1894) & Ph.B. (1889), Vermont; Unconfirmed at Maryland

Frank Sexton
Brown, Class of 1893; Attended Michigan; M.D. Penn, 1898

Frank Shannon
Attended Holy Cross "Special Classes," 1892-94

William Stuart
Penn State, Class of 1896

Walter Thornton
Attended Cornell College (Iowa) and Prep Department, 1894-96


1896

Charlie Dexter
Unconfirmed at the University of the South

Dale Gear
Attended Kansas, 1893-95

Edward Lewis
Attended Marietta, 1892-93; A.B. (1896) & A.M. (1899)

Elisha Norton
Attended Ohio State

Harvey Smith
Ph.B., Bucknell, 1894; M.D., Penn, 1897


1897

Ed Abbaticchio
Unconfirmed at St. Mary's (N.C)

Henry Clarke
Attended Williams, 1892-94; Ph.B., Chicago, 1896

Roy Evans
Attended Emporia

William Fox
Holy Cross Prep (1894-96) & College (1896-97)

Richard Harley
Georgetown graduate

Charles Hickman
Unconfirmed as D.C.-area
collegian

Tom Leahy
Played at Holy Cross, 1891-93, "Special Student"

John Pappalau
At Holy Cross Prep, 1895-97

Lou Sockalexis
At Holy Cross Prep, 1894-97; at Notre Dame, February and March 1897.
Borrowed train fare to Cleveland from University to sign with Spiders.

Cy Swaim
Unconfirmed at Scio (Ohio)


1898

Charles Carr
Attended Lehigh, 1904, in Engineering

James Casey
Attended Baltimore Medical College

David Fultz
Ph.B., 1898

William Lauder
Ph.B., Brown, 1898; Harvard

George Mahoney
Unconfirmed at Georgetown

Peter McBride
Attended Manhattan

Wiley Piatt
Unconfirmed at Ohio University

Mike Powers
Attended Holy Cross Prep (1893-94) & College (1894-97); Litt. B., Notre Dame,
1898; M.D., Louisville Medical

Walter Williams
Bowdoin Class of 1896

Vic Willis
Unconfirmed at Delaware

Harry Wolverton
Attended Kenyon, 1892-95


1899

Charles Atherton
Attended Penn State, 1891-95

Ginger Beaumont
Unconfirmed matriculation at Beloit; played for college team

John Burke
Attended St. Bonaventure, 1897-1908; Ordained as a priest

Walter Curley
Attended U. Mass., 1896; A.B., Holy Cross, 1898; Virginia Medical, 1898-99;
M.D., Jefferson Medical, 1902.

Clayton Fauver
Attended Oberlin Prep (1891-95) & College (1894-97, Ph.B., LL.B., Western
Reserve, 1900

Leo Fishel
LL.B. Columbia, 1900

Charles Frisbee
Attended Grinnell College Academy, 1896-97; Unconfirmed at Iowa State
University

William Goeckel
B.A., Canisius, 1892; LL.B., Penn, 1896

Charles Harris
Attended Mercer, 1897-99

Mike Hickey
Attended Holy Cross, 1893-94

Skel Roach
LL.B., Northwestern, 1909

Roy Thomas
B.S., Penn, 1894

Harry Wilhelm
Unconfirmed at Westminster College

Davis Wills
Attended Virginia Medical College, 1897-1900


1900

Jerome Chambers
Unconfirmed at Lenoir Rhyne

Charles Husting
Attended Wisconsin, 1897-1900

Christy Mathewson
Bucknell, Class of 1902

Eustace Newton
Unconfirmed at Morris Hale College

Archibald Stimmel
Unconfirmed at Gettysburg

The above listings were developed with the invaluable assistance of
Tom Shea and Dick Thompson.