
                                        3
                                 WD1007V-SE1/SE2
                           FORMATTING YOUR HARD DRIVE

Before you can use your ESDI drive, you need to perform these three steps:

1.   Perform low-level formatting using the WD1007V BIOS utility 
or, if you are not using the WD1007V BIOS, use WDFMT. (See Appendix 
B for WDFMT instructions.) 

2.   Partition your drive using MS-DOS 3.3 or higher (FDISK utility) 
or use other operating systems that allow partitioning, such as Xenix 
and NetWare.

3.   Perform high-level formatting using the operating system's 
normal formatting program. For MS-DOS use the "Format C: (or D:)/S" 
command which formats the drive to accept MS-DOS files and copies 
the operating system to the drive.

********************************************************************
LOW-LEVEL FORMATTING
********************************************************************

If you decided to disable the WD1007V BIOS ROM (W3 has pins 1 and 2 jumpered), 
skip the following instructions and instead go to Appendix B for low level 
formatting instructions.

WD1007V BIOS

If you are using the WD1007V BIOS to configure your drive, there must be no 
jumper installed on jumper connector W3. Proceed with the following steps.

1.   Place your DOS system diskette in Drive A and turn on your 
system. At the A:\>> prompt type:

     debug and press the ENTER key

2.   At the program prompt "-", type:

     G=CC00:5 (Use C800:5 if W8 1-2 is jumpered)

This causes the system to execute program code stored at location 
CC005 (or C8005, if W8 1-2 is jumpered) in ROM. The BIOS then tries 
to read the parameter tables from the drive and store them in the 
shadow RAM. You will see the screen shown in Figure 3-1.

To execute a function, simply enter the number of the desired routine. 
The BIOS executes that routine and then prompts you to press a key 
to return to the main menu. Note that after you have finished formatting 
and running the various routines, you must make a proper exit through 
function 7 to set the drive type. 















                                     CAUTION

Selection of any of the menu choices will cause permanent loss of any data 
files that may exist on the drive. If you have not backed up your files and you 
wish to exit, press CONTROL-C or CONTROL-BREAK. Perform a power-up reboot to 
clear the shadow RAM.

Following is a brief description of the formatting routines performed by the 
WD1007V BIOS utility. We recommend that you select and perform the routines in 
this order:

  - Low Level Format

  - Mark Defect List Automatically

  - Verify Drive

  - Surface Analysis

  - Change Drive Type and Exit

The WD1007V BIOS offers these features:

1.   On-screen HELP menu

2.   Low-level format - Formatting routines are present 
to do the low-level initialization of the disk surface. The drive 
is formatted according to the number of physical sectors per track. 
You may also format an alternate track if you have placed a jumper 
on W1 11-12. (See "Alternate Sector", Appendix A.

     Transparent to the user, this routine formats with a sector 
skew. The sector skew, which is fixed at two, allows the controller 
to maintain a 1:1 interleave across head boundaries on most drives. 
Sector skewing is a method of formatting in which the sector numbers 
are rotated in the interleave table for each track. (See "Format " 
in Appendix A for further information.) If a sector skew other than 
2 is needed, use WDFMT to do a low level format, but use WD1007V BIOS 
for the rest of the options.

                                      Note

     When performing a low-level format of an ESDI drive, 
     use the drive's physical parameters.
     

3.   Mark Defect List Automatically - This routine automatically 
reads the manufacturer's defect list for each head and identifies 
and marks bad sectors. If an alternate sector is available, a bad 
sector can be deallocated without having to mark a sector as bad. 
This routine allows you to present an error-free drive to the system.















4.   Mark Defect List by Hand - This routine is the same 
as the previous one, except that it allows the user to enter the list 
of media defects provided by the manufacturer. Use this routine if 
you are unable to enter the defects automatically.

5.   Verify Drive routine - This routine performs a quick 
media verification. If a bad spot is discovered and an alternate sector 
is available, the bad sector is deallocated. If an alternate sector 
is not available, the sector is marked as bad.

6.   Surface Analysis routine - This routine performs 
a long-term test on the entire drive. It identifies bad tracks on 
the drive and, in the event that there is only one bad sector on the 
track (and it is NOT sector zero), it uses the alternate sector when 
reformatting the track. This prevents the controller from identifying 
the sector as "bad".

7.   Change Drive Type and Exit routine - There are five 
possible options available for defining drive type. The drive type 
can be changed by using the "+" and "-" keys.

  - No Drive Present. The BIOS automatically selects 
    a drive type 0 if there is no drive present. You will see the message 
    "*** NONE SELECTED OR NO DRIVE PRESENT !***" next to the drive number.

  - Non-translation. This option uses the drive's actual 
    physical parameters (number of cylinders, heads, and SPT). The maximum 
    number of cylinders is 1023.

  - Translation - 17 SPT. Select this option when the 
    drive is being used in a system that does not support drives with 
    SPT values greater than 17 SPT. The low-level format uses the actual 
    physical SPT, while the parameter tables created will show 17 SPT.

  - Translation - 63 SPT. Select this option if the drive 
    has more than 1024 cylinders, and it is being used in a system which 
    can only recognize a maximum of 1024 cylinders. Translation must always 
    be enabled when such a condition exists. Translation provides greater 
    use of the drive capacity even though most types of AT BIOS recognize 
    only a maximum of 1024 cylinders.

  - Special non-translation. Select this option only 
    if your drive has more than 1023 cylinders and you are using a custom 
    device driver or operating system to obtain full usage of your ESDI 
    drive. If you choose this option and don't have a custom driver or 
    a special operating system, you will greatly reduce your storage capacity.




















********************************************************************
HIGH-LEVEL FORMATTING
********************************************************************

After you have completed the low-level formatting of your drive using the 
WD1007V BIOS utility, you will need to partition your drive and perform a high-
level format. The three main operating systems (MS-DOS, NetWare, and Xenix) all 
handle disk usage differently.

MS-DOS (FDISK and FORMAT)

After you have completed the low-level formatting of each hard drive in your 
system, use the FDISK and FORMAT utilities to prepare your drive for the MS-DOS 
operating system. Refer to your operating system manual for complete 
instructions.

1.   Use FDISK to partition your drive. If your version of MS-DOS 
does not support the creation of multiple logical drives, disk enhancement 
software drivers can be used to obtain full usage of your high capacity 
drive or you may wish to upgrade your operating system.

2.   Use the "Format C:(D:)/S" command to perform high-level 
formatting of the drive. This utility formats the drive to accept 
your operating system's files and allows you to copy the operating 
system to the drive. You must format all logical drives (partitions).

SCO Xenix

The SCO Xenix operating system does not limit the size of the disk partition. 
During the installation of the Xenix operating system, the user is prompted for 
information on how to partition the disk. The entire disk may be used for Xenix 
or separate partitions can be created for both Xenix or MS-DOS. (Note: Create 
the MS-DOS partition first using MS-DOS FDISK.) The Xenix installation performs 
all tasks comparable to the DOS FDISK and FORMAT utilities.

SCO Xenix 2.1 can create a parameter table for the drive outside of the system 
BIOS. The user is prompted at installation time to supply the drive parameters. 
Previous versions of the SCO Xenix operating system assumed 17 sectors per 
track, regardless of the information contained in the parameter table. If you 
have an older version, use the 17 sector translation option provided by the 
WD1007V BIOS utility.

Novell NetWare

Novell NetWare is a local area network (LAN) operating system. If you are using 
NetWare 2.0a, you must select the 17 SPT drive type offered by the WD1007V BIOS 
utility. If you are using NetWare 2.1 or later, any number of sectors per track 
is permissible. If you are running NetWare in a non-dedicated mode or if you 
are using the standard AT hard disk driver that comes with NetWare, we 
recommend that you select these parameters: 63 SPT and 16 heads. This will 
accommodate a drive size of 512 Mbytes.















NetWare requires you to run a program called CompSurf to prepare the disk 
drive. When running CompSurf, do not format your drive. Answer "NO" when asked 
"Format the disk?" or you will lose all the BIOS information and defect 
information on your drive. When asked if you wish to maintain the defect map, 
respond "Yes" if you use the WD1007V BIOS utility. 


                                        4

                         HOW TO CHECK YOUR INSTALLATION

After you have completed the hardware installation and properly formatted your 
drive, you are ready to use your system.

********************************************************************
START SYSTEM FROM HARD DISK
********************************************************************

With your operating system installed on your hard drive, you can now boot your 
system from your active MS-DOS (or other operating system) partition. Remember 
to remove any diskettes from Drive A or your system will default to Drive A 
when you reboot.

Simultaneously press the CTRL ALT DEL keys to reboot the system.

The system should respond and your monitor should finally display the C prompt 
(C>>). Your installation is complete.

********************************************************************
HOW TO HANDLE PROBLEMS
********************************************************************

If you have a problem with your system, first re-read the instructions to be 
sure you followed them correctly. It is important to type information exactly 
as instructed.

Repeat the procedures a second time. If you obtain the same results, then check 
the next section "If You Have a Problem".

If You Have a Problem

First check your physical installation. Check for reversed cables, an 
overloaded system power supply, incorrect drive selection, etc.

The following section lists some common problems and possible solutions to try.

PROBLEM:   No response.

SOLUTION:  Change cables. Do NOT interchange floppy disk drive cables 
           with hard drive cables. Check your system setup configuration.

PROBLEM:   Winchester activity LED always on.














SOLUTION:  Check cable connections. Replace cables. Verify that drive 
           is not malfunctioning.

PROBLEM:   "Error Reading Fixed Disk" message after booting the system.

SOLUTION:  DOS partition not active. See FDISK instructions in your 
           DOS manual.

PROBLEM:   "Hard Disk Drive Not Ready" or "01" Error Code. 

SOLUTION:  You may have an overloaded power supply. Update system power 
           supply. read your system/drive manufacturers' manuals to see if the 
           power supply can handle the drive.

PROBLEM:   You can't get full capacity from your drive.

SOLUTION:  This probem has several possible causes and several solutions. 
           These are listed below:

1. You have a drive with more than 1024 cylinders and you selected a drive type 
with more than 1023 cylinders. Most operating systems cannot handle this. 
Repeat the low level format and this time select a drive type with less than 
1024 cylinders.

2. You are using physical mode and you have a drive with more than 1024 
cylinders. You selected a drive with 1023 cylinders and a specific number of 
physcial heads and a specific number of SPT. Try using translation mode and 
select a drive type with 16 heads and 63 SPT. (Jumper W1 5-6 removed, and use 
the WD1007V BIOS).

3. You are using alternate sectors. This option will improve performance, but 
decreases capacity by one sector per track. For example, if you have a drive 
with 35 SPT then 1/35th of your drive capacity is lost.

4. Your current operating system may only recognize a maximum capacity of 512 
Mbytes. To gain access to the full capacity of your hard drive, you will need 
to change your operating system or possibly obtain a special driver. Contact 
the dealer that sold you your drive. He should be able to recommend a solution 
so that you can fully utilize your drive's capacity.

PROBLEM:   You have a dual density floppy drive, but you can format/read 
           only one density of diskettes (either 720KB or 1.44MB).

SOLUTION:  You do not have an ANSI standard floppy drive with a density 
           sensor. Therefore your drive will only read one media density. 
           Contact your drive manufacturer.  

PROBLEM:   You need to use WDFMT, but don't have a copy of it.

SOLUTION:  Contact the Western Digital Bulletin Board. Appendix C 
           has the instructions for obtaining software from the Bulletin Board.

If you are unable to resolve a problem, contact your dealer.














                                   APPENDIX A

********************************************************************
TRANSLATION
********************************************************************

In order to utilize the maximum storage capacity of ESDI drives, the WD1007V-
SE2 controller resolves two types of problems associated with the 
implementation of ESDI drives in an AT environment:

1.   An older BIOS or some operating systems may only recognize 
17 SPT, whereas ESDI drives have 34 or more SPT.

     The WD1007V BIOS provides translation schemes to more fully 
utilize  the capacity of the ESDI drive, even though the system can 
only recognize 17 SPT.

2.   Most personal computers address disk space via the INT 13 
BIOS software interface.This software interface provides only four 
bits to specify head number, six bits for a sector number and ten 
bits for a cylinder number. Thus, the ideal drive for the INT 13 software 
interface could have 16 heads, 63 sectors per track, and 1023 cylinders.

     The WD1007V BIOS provides translation schemes to maximize 
the disk space that can be addressed by INT 13. The standard 63 SPT 
translation creates a logical drive with 16 heads and 63 sectors per 
track. It maps the drive's physical characteristics into these logical 
parameters by converting the logical disk address parameters supplied 
by the host into a logical sequential sector number. These logical 
sector numbers are then translated into actual physical parameters 
so that all physical sectors on the drive are utilized.

     When disk address translation is disabled (jumper on W1 
5-6), mapping is one-to-one. Each physical sector maps directly to 
a logical sector.

********************************************************************
FORMATTING
********************************************************************

Formatting routines perform the low-level initialization of the disk surface. 
The drive is formatted with the physical characteristics read from the drive. 
Formatting is done at a 1:1 interleave ratio which makes it possible to read or 
write an entire track in one rotation of a disk. The format routine formats 
with the selected sector skew (a skew of 2 is recommended for optimal 
performance) and also may format an optional spare sector on each track. This  
spare sector is used to deallocate a bad sector on a track.

The sector skew, when fixed at two, allows the controller to maintain a 1:1 
interleave across all head boundaries. Sector skewing is a method of formatting 
by which the sector numbers are rotated in the interleave table each time a new 













head on a cylinder is formatted. Selecting a skew of 2 causes the first sector 
after index on Head 0 to be identified as Sector 1. The sector identified as 
Sector 1 on Head 1 is the third physical sector from  index as  shown in  
Figure A-1.

           Head                  Sector Numbers
            0     1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10
            1     9  10   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8
            2     7  8    9  10   1   2   3   4   5   6
           
           Interleave: 1:1
           Sector skew:  2
           
                                  FIGURE A-1. SECTOR SKEW
            
This formatting procedure allows the controller to maintain 1:1 interleave when 
reading across the head boundary. This becomes critical when the number of 
sectors per track increases and the time allowed for completion of overhead 
functions decreases. By changing the sector numbers the controller has enough 
time to complete needed tasks and be ready to read the ID field of the        
first sector on the next head.

********************************************************************
ALTERNATE SECTOR
********************************************************************

The WDFMT 2.10 utility and the WD1007V BIOS utility both provide the ability to 
format an alternate sector on the track. This spare sector is identified as 
Sector 0, making it invisible to the system BIOS which expects sector numbers 
starting at 1. This sector is always formatted as the last physical sector on 
the track. WDFMT and the WD1007V BIOS use the spare sector if an error is 
encountered with any sector on a track. The program reformats the track, 
numbering the bad sector as zero and shifting the following sectors one to the 
right. If more than one sector is bad, the entire track is marked as bad when 
reformatted.

The alternate sector feature provides the ability to map out defects so that an 
error-free drive can be presented to the operating system. This may be 
important to you if your operating system can handle only a certain number of 
media defects. Note that formatting an alternate sector will somewhat reduce 
the available storage space on your drive. 

                                   APPENDIX B

********************************************************************
BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM (BIOS)
********************************************************************

Before you disable the WD1007V BIOS ROM and use the system BIOS, you need to 
determine if your system BIOS provides the appropriate drive tables for 
integration of your ESDI drive into your AT system. If it does not, you require 
the WD1007V BIOS. In order to properly install your ESDI drive, your system 
must have drive tables whose parameters match those of your drive. The drive 













tables specify the number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track (SPT). It 
is often difficult to match the drive and the drive table exactly. When 
integrating an ESDI hard disk drive into your system, you must match sectors 
per track and number of heads exactly.

If you are installing a hard drive in your system and you plan to disable the 
WD1007V BIOS, you then need to examine your system BIOS. Use one of the 
following two methods to examine your system BIOS:

1.   Use your system's set-up program

2.   Use the debug utility to examine the AT BIOS

                                      Note

     If you are unable to determine whether your system BIOS is adequate, then 
     use the WD1007V BIOS ROM.
     

Using your system's setup program

To determine if a system BIOS has the physical drive parameters required for 
your ESDI drive, refer to the appropriate manual for information about your 
setup utility, i.e., MS-DOS Users Guide, Advanced Diagnostics Guide, system 
BIOS guide, or user guide for other operating system. This utility can provide 
you with information about the drive types your system supports. If your drive 
tables do not support more than 17 sectors per track, we recommend that you use 
the WD1007V BIOS. The WD1007V BIOS provides translation schemes to fully 
utilize the capacity of your drive within the limits of the operating system.

Using the DOS Debug Utility to examine the AT BIOS

Use the DOS Debug Utility to examine the system parameter tables to see if the 
drive is listed in the AT BIOS.

1.   Place your DOS system diskette in Drive A and boot your system.

2.   At the prompt (A:\>) type:

     debug and press the ENTER key

Although some systems locate drive parameters in other locations, the standard 
location in the AT BIOS is F000:E401. The proper command at the Debug prompt
(-) is as follows:

     DF000:E401 and press the ENTER key

This displays eight lines of data from the BIOS ROM corresponding to drive 
types 1 through 8. By entering another "D" at the debug prompt, another eight 
lines of data will be displayed, corresponding to drive types 9 through 16. 
Continue this procedure until all drive parameter information for all drive 
types is displayed. If your drive's parameters are encountered in this process, 
the system BIOS supports your particular drive.














Each parameter table has 16 bytes of data. Data from the BIOS ROM is displayed 
in hexadecimal, least significant byte first. This data breaks down as follows:



     Bytes 1 and 2                Number of Cylinders

     Byte 3                       Number of Heads

     Bytes 4 & 5                  Not Used

     Bytes 6 & 7                  Write Precompensation Cylinder

     Byte 8                       Not Used

     Byte 9                       Control Byte (=08H for 8 heads)

     Bytes 10-12                  Not Used

     Bytes 13 & 14                Landing Zone 3

     Byte 15                      Sectors per Track

     Byte 16                      Not Used 

********************************************************************
LOW-LEVEL FORMATTING WITH WDFMT
********************************************************************

If you are using the drive tables provided by your system BIOS, then use WDFMT 
to low-level format your drive.  If you do not already have it, you can obtain 
WDMFT from the Western Digital Bulletin Board. See Appendix C.

                                      Note

     When low-level formatting an ESDI drive, use the drive's physical        
     parameters, i.e., 8 heads and 34 or more sectors per track. If a format 
     for 17 sectors per track is attempted, only the data fields will be 
     initialized.
     

The WDFMT utility performs low-level formatting, bad track entry, disk verify, 
and surface analysis and defect management. Use a 1:1 interleave, a skew of 2, 
and format the drive using the physical parameters of the drive. If Jumper W1 
11-12 is installed, also format an alternate sector.

To use WDFMT follow these instructions:

                                     CAUTION

     Back up any valuable files that may exist on your drive. Use of WDFMT will 
     cause permanent loss of any existing data files.
     
1.   Insert the WDFMT utility diskette in Drive A and type:











     WDFMT and press the ENTER key

2.   When the utility screen appears on your monitor, you will 
be prompted to supply the following information. For each prompt for 
information, type in your response and press ENTER. 

  - Drive 0 or 1 (Select drive to be formatted.)

  - The number of cylinders...

  - The number of heads ...

  - The number of sectors per track...

  - The interleave value (Select an interleave value of 1.)

  - The precompensation value (Enter the number of cylinders 
    plus one.)

  - The sector skew (Enter 2)

  - Alternate sector (Enter "yes" only if Jumper W1 11-12 is 
    installed.)

3.   When you have completed your entries, the utility program will advance to 
the following screen.

                        ***Western Digital Corporation***
                             AT Disk Format Utility
                                    Rev. 2.10
                          Current drive parameters are:

                 Drive (0/1)               :               0
                 Cylinders                 :            1023
                 Heads                     :               8
                 Sectors                   :              35
                 Interleave                :               1
                 Precomp                   :            1024
                 Skew                      :               2
                 Alt Sector                :              No
                   
                                ENTER MENU CHOICE

     Format disk                 CAUTION this will destroy
                                 all data on drive!

     Verify disk
     Bad sector entry
     Surface test                 CAUTION this will destroy
                                  all data on drive!
     Quit

                            FIGURE B-1. WDFMT UTILITY













You have four menu choices: format disk, verify disk, bad sector entry, and 
surface test.

Following is a brief description of the formatting routines offered by WDFMT:

Format Disk - This routine performs a low-level format of the drive. It formats 
the drive according to the information which you previously entered.

Verify Disk - This routine is a short-term test of the surface that identifies 
bad tracks on the drive and lists them by head and cylinder number. If an 
alternate sector is available, a bad sector can be deallocated without having 
to mark an entire track as "bad".

Bad Sector Entry - This routine allows you to enter the list of bad tracks. The 
bad track information is marked on the label on top of the drive. Entering the 
manufacturer's list of bad tracks ensures the safety of your data by 
identifying all bad tracks or marginally defective tracks on your drive. Once 
these defective tracks have been marked, they will not be used to store data.

Surface Test - This routine is a long-term test of the surface that identifies 
bad tracks.

4.   From the menu select the routine you wish to perform.,

     We recommend you follow these steps:

     a.    Select "Format disk" and press the ENTER key to begin low-level 
           formatting.

     b.    When you have finished formatting, return to the main menu 
           and select Verify Disk or Surface Test.

     c.    When the verify and/or surface test is finished, select 
           "Bad sector entry" and press the ENTER key. Locate the bad track 
           information marked on the label on top of the drive. Type in the bad 
           track list as follows:

           ccc and press  ENTER
           h and press ENTER

           where ccc = bad track cylinder number (1-4 digits) and

           h = bad track head number (1-2 digits) 


           Type in the cylinder number and press ENTER. Type in the 
           head number and press ENTER. Continue until all bad track 
           information has been entered.

     d.    When you have finished, select Quit to exit the WDFMT utility.

Return to Chapter 3 for the high level formatting instructions.















                                   APPENDIX C

********************************************************************
DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY
********************************************************************

Western Digital has a low-level formatting utility called WDFMT which is 
available on Western Digital's Technical Support Bulletin Board. If you decide 
to disable the WD1007V BIOS ROM, then you need to use the WDFMT utility. You 
can execute this program by entering "WDFMT" and following the directions 
provided by the On-line Help.

********************************************************************
TECHNICAL SUPPORT BULLETIN BOARD
********************************************************************

You may download Western Digital's diagnostic utility, WDFMT, and other  
product information from the Bulletin Board if you have a modem.

To access the bulletin board you require:

  - A Hayes compatible modem

  - 1200 or 2400 Baud rate

  - Format: 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity

The Bulletin Board number is (714) 756-8176. The Bulletin Board will ask you 
some preliminary questions about your modem setup and the type of system you 
are calling from before sending you to the main menu. Refer to your modem 
manual for instructions on proper modem setup. 

Once you gain access to the main menu, follow these general steps:

  - Select <S> for software

  - Select "Storage" 

  - Select "Utilities"

  - Specify WDFMT

To receive the software program, select <D>  and then the transfer protocol. 
Respond to the prompts for transfer protocol, file name, etc. 

On screen Help (H) is available if you have any problems. If you need 
additional assistance, contact Technical Support at (800) 832-4778.

                     Radio Frequency Interference Statement

This Western Digital product has been verified to comply with the limits for a 
Class B computing device pursuant to subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules. This 
does not guarantee that interference will not occur in individual 
installations. Western Digital is not responsible for any television, radio, or 
other interference caused by unauthorized modifications of this product.











If interference problems do occur, please consult the system equipment owner's 
manual for suggestions. Some of these suggestions include relocation of the 
computer system away from the television or radio or placing the computer AC 
power connection on a different circuit or outlet.

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise for 
digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian 
Department of Communications.

Western  Digital
2445 McCabe Way
Irvine, CA 92714
(800) 847-6181  (714) 863-0102
FAX (714) 863-1656  TLX 910-595-1139
Technical Support:  (800) 832-4778
Bulletin Board Support(714) 756-8176

Part No. 79-000367-000

WD0027S 8/89


If you require further information or other technical support,  please contact 
your authorized dealer:
