################################################### # Fern Definition file. # Copyright 1998 N.A. Krawetz, All rights reserved. # # The definition file tells Fern how to process the # HTML code. It consists of "actions" followed by # parameters for the actions. The first parameter # is called "%1", the second is %2, and the third # is the "Message" (only the message can contain spaces). # # Available actions: # Definitions: # define %1 Message (Make all occurances of %1 be the message) # define %1 ("undefine" the definition of %1) # Definitions are used with "${%1}". # For example, # define ns Netscape # The value of ${ns} is "Netscape". # Definitions can contain other definitions, for example: # define browser Your browser is ${ns}. # The value of ${browser} is not determined until it is needed. # NOTE: The "%1" in "define" is case-sensitive. # # Conditionals: # The condition is a "defined" message. If it is not defined, # then the value is "false". Otherwise, it is true. # Note #1: every "if" needs an "endif" # Note #2: all conditions are case-senditive. # # if c1 (check if "c1" is defined) # if c1 | c2 (check if either "c1" or "c2" are defined) # if c1 & c2 (check if either "c1" and "c2" are defined) # if ! c1 (check if "c1" is "not" defined) # if (c1 | (c2 & ! c3)) (a complex condition) # else if c (else, if the condition is false, try a different if) # else (else, if the condition is false) # endif (end of the "if" if condition) # # The ordering should be: # if c1 # else if c2 # else # endif # "if" statements can be nested: # if c1 # if cc1 # else # endif # else if c2 # if cc2 # else # endif # else # if cc3 # else # endif # endif # # Rules: # Rules contain messages. There are 2 types of messages: "MT" are displayed # if the rule is applied (message-true); "MF" are displayed if the rule # is not applied (message-false). # Messages (both MT and MF) contain text strings and defined variables # (${...}). They may also contain special definitions: # $1 the value of "%1" # $2 the value of "%2" # $0 the value of the tag that triggered the rule. # $l the line number in the HTML document (not always available) # $b number of "begin tags" for <$0> # $e number of "end tags" for # $n difference between $b and $e (the "nesting" of $0) # $U special (URL) see "PROCESS" below. # The "\" character means "the next character is special". # \n a new-line character (^M) # \r a carrage return (^J) # \t a tab # \a a bell (alarm) # \\ a backslash # \$ a dollar sign # A "\" followed by any other character just prints the character. # # Rules that define tag ordering. # BEFORE %1 %2 MF (Display message if %2 is not before %1) # e.g.: before html body # The tag must come before . # NESTED %1 %2 MT (Allow <%1>....<%2> can be nested.) # NESTED * * MF (Special: All other tags should not be nested.) # RESET %1 %2 MT (Tag <%1> resets begin/end tag counters for <%2>) # WITHIN %1 %2 MF (The tag <%2> must be within <%1>....) # # Rules that define individual tags. # (Note: even though many rules do not use %2, it must be defined.) # FIELD %1 %2 MF (Expect the tag to contain "<%1 %2=...>") # FIELD_NOT %1 %2 MF (Expect the tag to not contain "<%1 %2=...>") # FOUND %1 %2 MT (Display message if <%1> is found) # IGNORE_WITHIN %1 %2 MT (ignore all data between <%1> and <%2>) # IGNORE_WITHIN * * MF (Special: display if the %2 was not found.) # MATCH %1 %2 MF (Each tag <%1> must match a .) # MATCH * * MF (Each tag <$0> must match a .) # MUST %1 %2 MF (The tag <%1> must be in the HTML code.> # NEVER %1 %2 MF (The tag <%1> should never be seen.) # ONCE %1 %2 MF (The tag <%1> should be seen at most ONCE.) # OPTIONAL_NOT %1 * MT (The not-tag is optional.) # SURROUND_TAG %1 %2 MF (The tag begins with "<%1" and ends with "%2") # TAG_ERROR %1 %2 MT (display message on the tag-error) # valid values for %1 in TAG_ERROR are: # bad_< (found "<" that isn't in a tag) # bad_> (found ">" that isn't in a tag) # bad_/ (found before a matching ) # bad_tag (found a bad tag; e.g. "") # missing_> (tag is missing a ">") # too_long (tag is more than 4096 characters) # # Rules that determine how Fern processes the input. # PRINT_BEFORE %1 * MT # Display the message before processing the file. # "%1" is only used to determine printing order. # All "PRINT_BEFORE" messages are sorted and then displayed # in order from "lowest" to "highest". # Although any characters can be used, we recommend using # numbers between 0 and 1, for example "0.1" and "0.2". # This way, other lines can be inserted easily ("0.15"). # PRINT_AFTER %1 * MT # Similar to PRINT_BEFORE, except the messages are # displayed after the file has been processed. # PROCESS %1 %2 # Determines how to process the input. # Values for %1 are: # HTTP == the HTML file includes HTTP meta-header # URL == first line contains the URL (and defines $U) # Values for %2 are: # any-text == TRUE # no-text == FALSE # FROM_HTTP %1 %2 # If the input contains the HTTP meta header, then store # the meta-header option "%1" into "define" for "%2". # E.g.: from_http content-type Content # This stores the HTTP meta-value "content-type" into the # defined variable "Content". # For the "content-type: text/html", this would be # the same as saying: # define Content text/html ################################################### # comment out what you don't want... ### check for usability issues #define Accessibility TRUE #define Compatability TRUE #define SlowModem TRUE #################################################### # You shouldn't need to edit below this point unless # you want to change how Fern processes. #################################################### ### check for specific browsers define Netscape4 Netscape v.4 define MSIE4 Microsoft Internet Explorer v.4 define Lynx Lynx #define HTML4 HTML 4.0 ### for input (what to process) if HTTP_IN # currently defined: # HTTP: input has the HTTP meta-header. # URL: first line of input has the URL. process HTTP TRUE process URL TRUE endif ### for output if HTML_OUT define li \

define > > define < < define red define /red define h1

define /h1

define ul

\n define /ul \n define amp & else define > > define < < define amp & endif ### if we're processing the HTTP meta-header... # if "process HTTP TRUE", then define ${Content} to the value of content-type from_http content-type Content from_http Server Server # the ones with a "$" are special and refer to the HTTP initial status line from_http $http-code RC from_http $http-message Message from_http $http-protocol Protocol ### for Templeton if Tton | Templeton | tton | templeton ## should be started with something like: ## Command_pattern * fern.exe fern.def %F Date=%N >> fern.out process HTTP TRUE process URL TRUE if HTML_OUT print_before 0.1 * ${h1}From $U${/h1}\n else print_before 0.1 * ${h1}From $U:${/h1}\n endif print_before 0.14 * ${li}${Date}\n print_before 0.15 * ${li}Server ${Server}: ${Content} ${Message} (${RC})\n print_before 0.2 * ${ul} print_after 0.2 * ${/ul} print_after 0.9 * \n endif ############################################## # general messages... # Special flags: # $$ = print a $ # $1 = print the first parameter # $2 = print the second parameter # $l = print the line number (not always allowed) # The following may be reset by some of the actions below # $b = print number of Begin-tags seen # $e = print number of End-tags seen # $n = print difference between number of Begin and End tags ($n="nesting") # # FAQ: How can I get a line to start with a space? Answer: Use "\ ". # NOTE: Messages can only be nested 8 deep. define w ${li}Line $l: Warning: define e ${li}${red}Line $l: Error:${/red} define n ${li}Line $l: Notice: define msie Microsoft Internet Explorer define netscape Netscape # tags that "must" be seen (no line numbers) define must Warning: Missing ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>} tags.\n must html /html ${must} must head /head ${must} must body /body ${must} # tags that should only be seen once define once ${e} The ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>} tag should only be seen once.\n once html /html ${once} once head /head ${once} once title /title ${once} once body /body ${once} once base /base ${once} once basefont /basefont ${once} # tags that do not require end-tags (no line numbers) # These "not-tags" are optional (they don't need to be present) # "optional_not" changes the $n counters. optional_not dd /dd optional_not dt /dt optional_not li /li optional_not p /p optional_not td /td optional_not th /th optional_not tr /tr optional_not noframes /noframes optional_not legend /legend optional_not option /option optional_not optgroup /optgroup # tags that should never be seen # "Never" tags can be either "begin" tags or "end" tags. # "never" changes the $n counters. define never ${e} Invalid tag: ${<}$0 ...${>}.\n ## from the ... area never /!DOCTYPE * ${never} never /base * ${never} never /basefont * ${never} never /isindex * ${never} never /link * ${never} never /meta * ${never} never /nextid * ${never} ## from the ... area never /!-- * ${never} never /area * ${never} never /bgsound * ${never} never /br * ${never} never /col * ${never} never /embed * ${never} never /frame * ${never} never /hr * ${never} never /img * ${never} never /input * ${never} never /keygen * ${never} never /object * ${never} never /param * ${never} never /plaintext * ${never} never /spacer * ${never} never /wbr * ${never} # tags that require specific ordering define before ${e} ${<}$1${>} should come before ${<}$2${>}.\n before head body ${before} before /head body ${before} # tags that should be "within" other tags define within ${w} ${<}$1${>} should be within ${<}$2${>}...${<}/$2${>} tags.\n ## basic skeleton within head html ${within} within body html ${within} within frameset html ${within} ## within ... within base head ${within} within basefont head ${within} within isindex head ${within} within link head ${within} within meta head ${within} within nextid head ${within} within style head ${within} within title head ${within} ## within ...

within caption table ${within} within col table ${within} within colgroup table ${within} within thead table ${within} within tbody table ${within} within tfoot table ${within} within td table ${within} within th table ${within} within tr table ${within} ## within within option select ${within} within optgroup select ${within} ## other "within" tags within area map ${within} within dt dl ${within} within dd dl ${within} within legent fieldset ${within} within frame frameset ${within} within noframes frameset ${within} within server head ${within} # tags that can be nested #define nested Line $l: Nested ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>} is $n deep (Total $b starts and $e ends).\n nested dir /dir ${nested} nested dl /dl ${nested} nested menu /menu ${nested} nested ol /ol ${nested} nested ul /ul ${nested} nested frameset /frameset ${nested} nested font /font ${nested} nested table /table ${nested} # general messsage for tags that cannot be nested */ nested * * ${e} The ${<}$0${>} tag cannot be nested; you need a ${<}/$0${>} tag.\n # we want some tags to always match (no line numbers) match a /a Error: Mismatched ${<}a${>} ($b) and ${<}/a${>} ($e) tags.\n match * * Error: Missed end tags: ${<}$0${>} ($b occurances) and ${<}/$0${>} ($e occurances) tags.\n ## field_url currently not implemented # some tag fields with URL's to check #define url ${w} ${<}$1 $2=URL ...${>} contains "$u" in the URL.\n #field_url a href ${url} #field_url body background ${url} #field_url img src ${url} #field_url img lowsrc ${url} # some tags act as closing tags for other's define reset ${w} ${<}$1${>} closes ${<}$2${>} tag.\n reset table a ${reset} reset /table td reset /table th reset /table tr # what do tags normally begin with? Form: "${<}$1 $2" # Note: Everything that is surrounded is ignored define surroundtag ${e} Beginning of tag "${<}$0" missing "$2".\n ### comments surround_tag !-- --> ${surroundtag} ### asp pages surround_tag % %> ${surroundtag} surround_tag %@ %> ${surroundtag} ### scripts define ignorewithin ${e} Missed end to block ${<}$0${>}...${<}/$0${>}.\n ignore_within script /script ${n} Skipping ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>}\n ### pre-formatted ignore_within xmp /xmp ${n} Skipping ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>}\n ignore_within * * ${ignorewithin} ### general tag markings (these definitions are special) tag_error bad_< * ${e} Only use "${<}" for tags -- use "${amp}lt;" for text.\n tag_error bad_> * ${e} Only use "${>}" for tags -- use "${amp}gt;" for text.\n tag_error bad_/ * ${e} Tag ${<}/$0${>} is missing start tag ${<}$0${>}.\n tag_error bad_tag * ${e} Tag ${<}$0${>} is poorly formed.\n tag_error missing_> * ${e} Tag "${<}$0" is missing "${>}".\n tag_error too_long * ${e} The tag is too long.\n ############# HTML specific issues ######################### if Compatability # Compatability issues are directed toward maintaining standard HTML # that can be properly viewed by all (most) web browsers. # Because different browsers support different HTML versions, compatability # issues may arise. field_not font face ${w} ${<}$1 $2=...${>} is not supported by the HTML standards.\n field_not font size ${w} Text size set by ${<}$1 $2=...${>} may be unreadable.\n field_not hr length ${w} ${<}$1 $2=...${>} is not supported by older browsers.\n nested table /table ${w} Nested tables are not supported by some older browsers.\n nested font /font ${w} Nested fonts are not supported by some older browsers.\n # permit error messages for specific browsers define MSIE4 true define Netscape true define Lynx true define HTML4 true endif ## "Depricated" means the tag has been replaced by another tag ## and will probably become obsolete in the furture. ## "Obsolete" means the tag is no longer supported by the standards. ## "Unsupported" means it's a browser-specific extension to the HTML standard. define dep_found ${w} The ${<}$1${>} tag is depricated define obs_found ${w} The ${<}$1${>} tag is obsolete define uns_found ${w} The ${<}$1${>} tag is unsupported define dep_field ${w} The ${<}$1$ $2=...{>} tag is depricated define obs_field ${w} The ${<}$1$ $2=...{>} tag is obsolete define uns_field ${w} The ${<}$1$ $2=...{>} tag is unsupported if HTML4 define html4_dep_found ${dep_found} in ${HTML4}.\n define html4_obs_found ${obs_found} in ${HTML4}.\n define html4_uns_found ${uns_found} in ${HTML4}.\n define html4_dep_field ${dep_field} in ${HTML4}.\n define html4_obs_field ${obs_field} in ${HTML4}.\n define html4_uns_field ${uns_field} in ${HTML4}.\n ## depricated HTML found applet /applet ${html4_dep_found} found basefont /basefont ${html4_dep_found} found center /center ${html4_dep_found} found font /font ${html4_dep_found} found isindex /isindex ${html4_dep_found} found strike /strike ${html4_dep_found} found s /s ${html4_dep_found} found u /u ${html4_dep_found} field br clear ${html4_dep_field} field hr align ${html4_dep_field} field hr noshade ${html4_dep_field} field hr size ${html4_dep_field} field hr width ${html4_dep_field} ## obsolete HTML found listing /listing ${html4_obs_found} found nextid * ${html4_obs_found} found plaintext * ${html4_obs_found} found xmp /xmp ${html4_obs_found} endif ############# Browser specific and other issues ############ # Many "popular" browsers have their own extensions to the HTML standard # or interpret the HTML in a non-standard fashion. # The extensions are only usable with the specific browser. # The interpretation issues may cause "standard" HTML to be interpreted # differently or incorrectly. In addition, extensions for one browser may # be misinterpreted by a different browser. ### for MSIE-only tags if !MSIE4 | (Netscape | Lynx) define msie_only_field ${w} ${<}$1 $2=...${>} is only available under ${msie}\n define msie_only_found ${w} ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>} is only available under ${msie}\n found bgsound * ${msie_only_found} found marque /marque ${msie_only_found} found comment /comment ${msie_only_found} field_not area notab ${msie_only_field} field_not area taborder ${msie_only_field} field_not basefont name ${msie_only_field} field_not body bgproperties ${msie_only_field} field_not body leftmargin ${msie_only_field} field_not body topmargin ${msie_only_field} field_not caption valign ${msie_only_field} field_not div nowrap ${msie_only_field} field_not frameset framespacing ${msie_only_field} field_not hr color ${msie_only_field} field_not input notab ${msie_only_field} field_not input taborder ${msie_only_field} field_not img controls ${msie_only_field} field_not img dynsrc ${msie_only_field} field_not img loop ${msie_only_field} field_not img start ${msie_only_field} field_not isindex action ${msie_only_field} field_not meta charset ${msie_only_field} field_not object notab ${msie_only_field} field_not object shapes ${msie_only_field} field_not table background ${msie_only_field} field_not table bordercolordark ${msie_only_field} field_not table bordercolorlight ${msie_only_field} field_not table nowrap ${msie_only_field} field_not table valign ${msie_only_field} field_not tr bordercolor ${msie_only_field} field_not tr bordercolorlight ${msie_only_field} field_not tr bordercolordark ${msie_only_field} field_not th background ${msie_only_field} field_not th bordercolor ${msie_only_field} field_not th bordercolorlight ${msie_only_field} field_not th bordercolordark ${msie_only_field} field_not td background ${msie_only_field} field_not td bordercolor ${msie_only_field} field_not td bordercolorlight ${msie_only_field} field_not td bordercolordark ${msie_only_field} endif ### for Netscape-only tags if !Netscape | (MSIE4 | Lynx) define netscape_only_field ${w} ${<}$1 $2=...${>} is only available under ${netscape}\n define netscape_only_found ${w} ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>} is only available under ${netscape}\n found blink /blink ${netscape_only_found} found layer /layer ${netscape_only_found} found multicol /multicol ${netscape_only_found} found spacer * ${netscape_only_found} found server /server ${w} ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>} is only available from a Netscape web server.\n field_not applet mayscript ${netscape_only_field} field_not embed align ${netscape_only_field} field_not embed border ${netscape_only_field} field_not embed hspace ${netscape_only_field} field_not embed pluginspace ${netscape_only_field} field_not embed type ${netscape_only_field} field_not embed vspace ${netscape_only_field} field_not frameset border ${netscape_only_field} field_not frameset bordercolor ${netscape_only_field} field_not frame bordercolor ${netscape_only_field} field_not form name ${netscape_only_field} field_not img lowsrc ${netscape_only_field} field_not img name ${netscape_only_field} field_not input border ${netscape_only_field} field_not textarea wrap ${netscape_only_field} field_not table hspace ${netscape_only_field} field_not table vspace ${netscape_only_field} endif ### for current browsers if HTML4 | MSIE4 | Netscape | Lynx define most_only_found ${w} ${<}$1${>}...${<}$2${>} is not supported by HTML 4.0.\n define most_only_field ${w} ${<}$1$ $2=...${>} is not supported by HTML 4.0.\n found ins /ins ${most_only_found} found del /del ${most_only_found} found bdo /bdo ${most_only_found} found embed /embed ${most_only_found} found nobr /nobr ${most_only_found} found wbr * ${most_only_found} field_not body onblur ${most_only_field} field_not body onfocus ${most_only_field} field_not dir type ${most_only_field} field_not menu type ${most_only_field} field_not frameset frameborder ${most_only_field} field_not table cols ${most_only_field} field_not tr bgcolor ${most_only_field} endif ### for people with slow network connections (most people using ISP's) if SlowModem field img lowsrc ${n} Consider using ${<}$1 src=url1 $2=url2${>} for large images.\n endif if Accessibility # Accessibility issues are directed toward non-graphical web "browsers". # these include search engines, text-only browsers (e.g. Lynx), and # HTML-to-speech browsers for the blind. must title /title ${must} found table /table ${w} Tables may be difficult to follow for non-graphical browsers.\n field img alt ${n} Use ${<}$1 src=url $2="text"${>} for non-graphical browsers.\n field_not body bgcolor ${n} Color appears differently on various platforms.\n field_not font color ${n} Color appears differently on various platforms.\n endif