TwinBridge Chinese System (V3.2) Help

* In order to get the best effect of  Help System, please maximize the Help Window.

** Because the Chinese is saved as GB Code in this file, please setup TwinBridge System Internal Code as GB-Code to get the best result of the help information.

Step-By-Step Instructions

About TwinBridge

TwinBridge Service & Support

How To Use This Help

Chapter Listing

Input Method Keyboard Layout

Reference Information

General Information

TwinBridge Chinese System Features

Hardware and Software Requirements

Internal Code

Fonts

Chinese Prompt Line

Chinese Input Method

How to Select Input Method

How to Edit Chinese Character

Chinese Tools

Tutorial


Input Method Keyboard Layout

PinYin Layout

ZhuYin Layout

ChangJie Layout

Japanese-Kana Layout

Russian Layout

Greek Layout


Chapter Listing

Chapter 1: Introduction

General Information

TwinBridge Chinese System Features

Hardware and Software Requirements

Chapter 2: Getting Started

TwinBridge Key Disk

Upgrade TwinBridge

Starting TwinBridge

Chapter 3: Using TwinBridge

Starting TwinBridge

Using Hot-Key and Mouse

Chinese Prompt Line

Toolbar and Menu

System Setup

Input Method Setup

Dictionary Manager

Keyboard Layout

Exit TwinBridge

Automatic Space Padding

Editing Chinese Characters

Typesetting

Chapter 4: Internal Code and Font

Internal Codes: GB Code vs. BIG5 Code

System Internal Codes

Internal Code for Chinese Fonts

TwinBridge Font Facenames

Managing TwinBridge Fonts

Displaying Chinese

TrueType Fonts

Displaying and Printing

Chapter 5: Input Method

PinYin	拼 音

ZhuYin	注 音

Quwei	区 位

Full Size English Input	全 角 字

English-Chinese Input	英 译 中

ChangJie	仓 颉

Simple-Stroke	笔 划

Telegraph Code	电 报 码

GB Code	国 标 码

BIG5 Code	大 五 码

Japanese-Kana	日 - 片 假 名

Russian	俄 文

Greek	西 腊 文

Keyboard Layouts:

PinYin Layout

ZhuYin Layout

ChangJie Layout

Japanese-Kana Layout

Russian Layout

Greek Layout

Other Information:

Internal Code for Input Method

How to Select an Input Method

Open Format for Other Input Methods

Chapter 6: TwinBridge Tool Program

Configuration Program

Code Conversion Program

Space Conversion Program

MetaUtility Program

Font Editor Program

Chapter 7: Tutorial

Tutorial - An Example


Information About TwinBridge

TwinBridge(C) Copyright  PC EXPRESS, INC., 1992-1993

ALL RIGHTS STRICTLY RESERVED.

No part of this Help may be reproduced, copied, adapted, or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from PC EXPRESS, INC.

PC EXPRESS, INC. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, PC EXPRESS, INC. reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the contents hereof without obligation of PC EXPRESS, INC. to notify any person of such revision or changes.

PC EXPRESS, INC. 820 S. Garfield Ave.  Suite 201, Alhambra, CA  91801   U.S.A.


TwinBridge Service and Support
TwinBridge Service & Support

You can obtain help with using TwinBridge Chinese System from a variety of sources. This section shows you where to seek help, and introduces you to the support available to registered TwinBridge customers. It concludes with some important phone numbers and address.

Getting Help from Your Dealer

If you purchased your TwinBridge Chinese System from a dealer or Certified sales representative, he or she is a good source of assistance and information. Your salesperson is familiar with TwinBridge products, your needs, equipment, configuration, and software.

Getting Help from PC EXPRESS

First, register your TwinBridge Chinese System products by completing and mailing the registration card. Only registered customers are entitled to these benefits:

Technical support

Privilege of future upgrade*

Free Exchange with damage product*

* with small shipping and handling fee

Next, please read the TwinBridge Chinese System user manual. It is your most immediate source of information for installing and using TwinBridge Chinese System.

If All Else Fails

If all else fails, call PC EXPRESS, INC. Technical Support. Be ready to supply the Support Technician with your customer ID number, details about your system's configuration, and details about the problem, including the exact wording of any error messages that appear. It is helpful if you can operate the computer while the technician is speaking with you.

It would be best if you can fax the following information to PC EXPRESS, before you contact us.

Your customer id and the time you will call. ( Include your fax number If you have one, we will answer your question mainly via fax)

contents of the following files:

autoexec.bat

config.sys

win.ini

system.ini

also, the exact error message and detail description of the problem.

PC EXPRESS, INC. Technical Support

M - F 9am - 5pm (PST)	( 8 1 8 ) 2 9 3 - 8 1 8 3

or Fax your question to	( 8 1 8 ) 2 9 3 - 1 6 6 5


How To Use This Help

The TwinBridge Help is a comprehensive guide that contains all of the procedures you need to work with TwinBridge Chinese System. To help you Install and use TwinBridge efficiently, this help is organized step by step from the very beginning, System requirement, Installing TwinBridge, loading TwinBridge, detail description of functions of TwinBridge, common questions answer and trouble shooting.

Symbols and Conventions

 	The keys on your keyboard may not be labeled exactly as they are in this manual. All key names are shown using bold Capital letters. For example, the Control key is shown as CTRL.

When two or more keys need to be used together, a plus sign + is used to indicate pressing tow or more keys at the same time. For example, CTRL+SHIFT+ALT.

Specific text you need to type is shown in bold Italic. For example, if the manual says to type a:install, you need to type that on your keyboard.

You can use mouse or keyboard for most actions in TwinBridge. When using a mouse, the manual will tell you to point at something and click certain button on the mouse. Move the mouse pointer to the object specify by the manual and click the proper button.

TwinBridge is built upon Microsoft Windows, if you have any question regarding using Microsoft Windows you should consult help from Microsoft Windows technical support or manuals. PC Express is not responsible for any problem with Microsoft Windows unless the problem is caused by TwinBridge.


Introduction

TwinBridge, developed by PC Express, Inc. is an advanced multi-lingual interface software for Microsoft Windows 3.0, 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, Chinese-Windows, Japanese-Windows and other international versions of Windows.  It allows Chinese, Greek, Russian and Japanese-Kana input in Windows applications such as Access, Excel, PageMaker, WinFax Pro, Word, and WordPerfect, etc.

General Information

TwinBridge Chinese System Features

Hardware and Software Requirements


General Information

TwinBridge, developed by PC Express, Inc. is an advanced multi-lingual interface software for Windows 3.x. It allows Chinese, Greek, Russian and Japanese input in windows' applications like Microsoft Word, Excel etc.

Compatibility and Transparency

(1) Supports all Windows functions and its applications.

(2) Windows and its applications can process Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Greek and other languages as they process English.

(3) Supports Novell Netware and most networking operating system under DOS.

Multi-Lingual Input Methods

(1) Hot Key control allows changing your current input method within a key stroke.

(2) Input status line helps users entering Chinese, English and others clear and easy.

(3) Chinese dictionary contains more than 50,000 phrases.

(4) Automatic sorting Technology dynamically updates dictionary and increases Chinese character searching speed dramatically.


TwinBridge Chinese System Feature
TwinBridge Chinese System Features

What's New in Version 3.2:

TwinBridge version 3.2 is enhanced to provide more support for hardware.  It also enhances Windows software compatibility and provides extra functionalities with easy to access tool bar.  The improvements and new features are summerized below:

(1) Supports all video drivers and display cards.  This includes all Local Buses, Accelerators, and High/True color cards.

(2) Supports all printers under Windows include PostScript� printers, Laser printers, color printers and dot matrix printers.  Printing Chinese without selecting the "Print TrueType as Graphics" option, this increases the speed of printing with LaserJet IV using 600dpi.

(3) TwinBridge acts as an application, it can be closed anytime without effecting original Windows environment.

(4) Supports Microsoft Chinese-Windows, Japanese-Windows and European-Windows.  TwinBridge serves as a common platform for Chinese languange processing in different Windows versions.

(5) All functions can be performed by mouse, such as changing the internal code from GB to BIG5 or vice versa, setting the system font in either the simplified or the traditional, and the bold function mapping (coreless, stereo, reverse display, etc.).

(6) Includes built-in Dictionary Manager and Font Editor.  These utilities allow users to customize their Chinese dictionary and font database.

(7) Ability of linking third party's input methods (such as Wubi and Dayi)  through an input method linking utility (input method data file is from original vendor).

(8) Chinese characters can be displayed as 3D, shadow, inverse video, outline, etc. to enhance the document appearance.

TwinBridge Features:

(1) Supports 286, 386, 486, or Pentium desktop, laptop and notebook computers

(2) Supports Chinese, Russian, Greek, Japanese-kana, as well as English.  The Chinese internal code uses the GB Code or BIG5 code standard.  An utility is available for converting between BIG5 Code and GB Code.

(3) The Chinese input methods include the PingYin  ( 拼 音 ), ZhuYin( 注 音 ), ChangJie ( 仓 颉 ), English-Chinese ( 英 译 中 ), Simple Stroke( 笔 划 ), Area-Code ( 区 位 ), GB-Code ( 国 标 码 ),BIG5-Code(大五 码 ), Telegraph-Code ( 电 报 码 ), and the Full Size-English ( 全 角 字 符 ). The PingYin, Zhu-Yin, and the English-Chinese spelling methods can be used to input Chinese phrases.

(3) The Chinese dictionary contains more than 50,000 two to four Chinese characters phrases and idioms.

(4) The Chinese fonts available are bitmap fonts and outline fonts.

(5) Allows users  to select  the  automatic space character  padding  function after each input of a single Chinese character from the keyboard.

(6) The Chinese utility allow users to add new characters, to edit characters, to manage phrases, to convert Chinese internal codes, to insert or remove space padding, to convert Chinese character to WMF format, and other useful functions.  This allows the TwinBridge Chinese System to be fine tuned and personalized to fit your needs.

(7) The TwinBridge Chinese System also provides the DLL interface and sample programs for software developers, which provide means for them to add additional input methods to the system.


Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware and Software Requirements

The followings are the minimum requirements for setting up the TwinBridge Chinese System:

(1) A computer that is capable of running Windows 3.x in Standard or Enhanced mode (80286 processor or better).  At least 2MB of RAM, a Windows supported mouse and a printer.  A 4MB memory system is highly recommended for use with most applications.

(2) Windows 3.x must be already installed in the computer and ready to run.

(3) There must be at least 7 MB of free disk space for the Basic Edition and 9 MB for the Standard Edition.  TwinBridge will detect the available hard disk space before the installation process begin.  Additional font packages can be purchased and add to the system.  For information on available font packages, please contact PC Express, Inc, or local dealer and distributors.


Getting Started

This chapter provides the information on how to start the TwinBridge Chinese System.

TwinBridge Key Disk

Upgrade TwinBridge

Starting TwinBridge


Install Key and System Information

After the first time you run TwinBridge after the TwinBridge installation, TwinBridge will check the Key Disk to test if the TwinBridge is the original copy.

Please find the Key Disk in your package when you run TwinBridge the first time.  TwinBridge will prompt you to insert the Key Disk into floppy drive. .

After verifying the Key Disk, TwinBridge will prompt you to input the User Information.

Please fill in the correct information in the space.  The serial number is located at the lower left-hand corner of your TwinBridge software box.

IMPORTANT:	Please write down the above information on the Key Disk and  keep the Key Disk with the computer.  You will need the Key Disk for future operations, such as installing additional font packages, reinstalling TwinBridge, etc.

The user information will be saved in the Key Disk. The next time when you install TwinBridge again, TwinBridge will check the Key Disk again. At that time, you should input the same information, such as User, company and serial number.

The Key Disk is required only at the first time you run TwinBridge.

The Key Disk can be used to install TwinBridge for a total of THREE times.  It can be Re-installed unlimited times on the same hardware.  In the case of change BIOS or motherboard will require one count of using the Key Disk.

Please make sure the Key Disk is from the original package.  If the Key Disk is damaged, please contact PC Express, Inc. or local distributor for replacement.


Upgrade TwinBridge from previouse version
Upgrading TwinBridge from previous versions

Former TwinBridge versions were installed in the Windows Directory. Before installing the new version. Please perform the following steps to clear the former version.

(1). In Windows, run Chinese Setup and turn off TwinBridge (Disable TwinBridge).

(2). In Program Manager, select File|Delete to delete the Chinese Tool group.

(3). Exit Windows, and delete the following files.

In Windows sub-directory (e.g. C:\WINDOWS):twin.exe, twin*.bmp

In Windows System sub directory(e.g. C:\Windows\System): clib*.*, ckeyproc.exe, chinese.dll, csetup.exe, vga_*.drv, svga_*.drv

In Windows ML sub-directory(e.g. C:\Windows\ML):all files

After the former version has been cleared, continue the installation by following the previous section.


Starting
Starting TwinBridge

After TwinBridge has been successfully installed in the computer, the installation program will create TwinBridge V3.2 Program Group.

To start TwinBridge, click the TwinBridge System icon in the TwinBridge V3.2 program group. For more details about how to use TwinBridge, please see Using TwinBridge..


Using TwinBridge

TwinBridge V3.2 is very easy to use.  Most of the functions can be accessed within few mouse clicks.  The new toolbar and easy access menu can you learn how to manage your own Chinese system in minutes.  This chapter will discuss the functionality of TwinBridge in detail.

Starting TwinBridge

Using Hot-Key and Mouse

Chinese Prompt Line

Toolbar and Menu

System Setup

Input Method Setup

Dictionary Manager

Keyboard Layout

Exit TwinBridge

Automatic Space Padding

Editing Chinese Characters

Typesetting


Starting TwinBridge

The major difference between TwinBridge V3.2 and previous version is that V3.2 is now a Windows application rather than a driver.  It can be started by regular Windows application startup method.

Different startup modes can be selected by running the TwinBridge Configuration program. (See Manual chapter 6-1 for details).  Before setting up TwinBridge manually, please read the following sections.  Generally, TwinBridge can be started through the following three methods:

(1) As Windows Shell Program

TwinBridge can be started as a Windows shell program, the original shell program will be loaded by TwinBridge automatically.  The original shell program is saved under the [System] section in the file named "TWIN.INI" under the Windows directory.

To start TwinBridge in the shell mode, select the As Shell Program option in the dialog, or modify the shell entry under the [Boot] section in the SYSTEM.INI file.

[Boot]

shell=C:\TWIN\twin.exe

(Assuming TwinBridge was installed in C:\TWIN directory)

If you are not familiar with Windows initial file, please do not do the above changes manually.  Simply select the As Shell Program option in the configuration dialog.

(2) As a Windows Loadable Module

A Windows application can be run during the Windows startup process by putting the application in the WIN.INI load section.  Under the [Windows] section of the WIN.INI file (Windows directory), modify the following entry:

[Windows]

Load=C:\TWIN\twin.exe {other applications}

(Assuming TwinBridge was installed in C:\TWIN directory)

The old loading section will be saved under the [System] section in the file TWIN.INI.

If you are not familiar with Windows initial file, please do not do the above setting manually.  Simply selected the Load by Windows option in the Configuration dialog.

(3) As a normal Windows application

(I) Running TwinBridge when starting a Windows session:

C:\WINDOWS> win C:\TWIN\twin.exe

(Assuming Windows directory is C:\WINDOWS and TwinBridge is installed in C:\TWIN)

(II) User can run TwinBridge automatically by placing the TwinBridge System icon in the StartUp group. (For Windows 3.1 or later versions)

(III) Start TwinBridge by double-clicking the TwinBridge System icon in the TwinBridge V3.2 Group.

(IV)	Start the TwinBridge by running it from the Program Manager


Using Hot-Key and Mouse

The Hot-Key approach is a quick and simple way to select a new input method.  Users are able to toggle between the English and the Chinese input methods, or to setup the TwinBridge function within simple key strokes.

Alt+Up : Selects the next Chinese input method.

Alt+Down: Selects the previous Chinese input method.

Alt+Left: Switches between the English input method and the Chinese input method which is currently being used.

Alt+Right: Moves the Prompt-Line to the default position (at the bottom of the screen).  This is useful when the Prompt-Line has been moved and needs to be moved back quickly.

Alt+Shift+F1: Starts the TwinBridge context sensitive help

Alt+Ctrl+Space: Bring up the TwinBridge Functions menu.

Alt+Ctril+Right: Moves the Prompt-Line close to the current editing line.

Mouse:	 To move the Prompt-Line to the desired position, simply move the mouse to the Prompt-Line and hold the mouse's right-button down to move.

Note: Since English can only be entered under the English Input mode, you have to switch to the English input mode in order to do so.  One quick way to do this is by pressing the Alt+ key.


Chinese Prompt Line

By default, the Chinese Prompt Line is located at the bottom of the screen.  The default position (when TwinBridge starts) can be set in the TwinBridge configuration program (refer to chapter 6 for detail).  It can be moved by click on the right mouse button and drag to any position of the screen.  It is composed of 4 areas:

The [Input method name] area is used to display the name of the input method that is currently in use.

The [Input Edit] area is used for displaying the keyed-in characters.  Users may press the Backspace key to delete characters one by one in this area, or use the ESC key to clear up the entire area.  Under certain input methods such as Full Size-English, Greek, Russian or English, this area will not display anything since inputs under these modes will be directly displayed in the application.

The [Words or phrases selection] area is used to display words or phrases to map the contents of the [Input Edit] area.  The arrow keys can be used to bring up additional words or phrases on display for users to choose from.  Use the arrow  key to bring up the next group of words or phrases, or the  key for  the previous group of words or phrases.  To input a word or a phrase displayed in this area, enter its corresponding number by using the function keys F1-F8, or the numeric keys 1-8 (Note: NOT from the numeric key pad).  The spacebar can be used to select the first word or phrase on the list; the , key to select the second word or phrase; the . key for the third; and the /  key for the fourth ((,), (.), and (/) keys do not apply to ZhuYin method). The characters displayed in the [Input Edit] area will be cleared up after a selection of a word or a phrase is made.  Under certain direct input methods such as the Full-Size English and English, the above functions mentioned are not applicable.

The [TB Function] button is used to turn on/off the Toolbar or the Keyboard Layout.  Click on the Function button the first time will bring up the Toolbar.  Click on the Keyboard Layout button on the Toolbar will switch to the keyboard layout.  Once the Keyboard Layout function is being turned on, it is only necessary to click on the TB Function button to bring up the keyboard layout again.


Toolbar and Menu

TwinBridge V3.2 offers two ways to access the Chinese functions, a Toolbar and a Menu. The Toolbar will pop up above the Input Prompt Line by clicking the TB Function button.  The menu will pop up by clicking on the Input Method button.

[System Internal code] This windows indicates the current internal code.

[Input Method Setup] Click on this button to change the current Input Method setting. Please refer to "Input Method Setup" section in this chapter for description.

[Dictionary Manager] Click on this button to run the dictionary manager for modifying, deleting or adding new word to the input method's dictionary. Please refer to "Dictionary Manager" section in this chapter for description.

[Insert Space] Users have the option of either setting the space padding function "ON" or "OFF."   If this button is down, TwinBridge will insert a space after each Chinese character. If it is up, no space will be inserted.

[Bold Mapping] The TwinBridge V3.2 can map Bold Chinese characters to a different style according to this selection. You can use this style just make Chinese Bold.

[Bold-Italic Mapping] Chinese characters in the Bold-Italic can be mapped to the Vertical Printing style. The Vertical Printing rotates each Chinese character in a 90 degree angle.

[Close] Click on this button to close the Toolbar. Clicking the [TB Function] button in the Prompt-Line can also close the Toolbar.

[Help] Press this button to start the TwinBridge context sensitive Help.

[Keyboard Layout] Click on this button to change the ToolBar to the keyboard layout of the current input method. Click the Tool button on the keyboard layout to switch back  the Toolbar.

[System Setting] Click this button to open the System Setting dialog to setup the TwinBridge System. See the next section for details.

[Exit] Click this button to close the TwinBridge session.

Note: If  TwinBridge is started through the "Shell" mode,  this will also end the Windows session.


System Setup

Click the Setup button on the Toolbar to open the System Setup Dialog.

[Internal Code] This option allows users to set an Internal Code for the TwinBridge system in either the GB Code or the BIG5 Code standard.  Most of the software developed in China uses the GB Code, whereas software from Taiwan usually adopts the BIG5 Code.  The previous versions of TwinBridge used the GB Code standard.

Before loading a file, make sure to select a matching code with the file.  You need to know which code standard is used for the file.

In TwinBridge, the Chinese simplified fonts use the GB Code, and the Traditional fonts use the BIG5 Code.  If documents are created using  mostly the simplified fonts, use the GB Code as your code standard is suggested.  If it is mostly in the traditional fonts, it is better to select the BIG5 Code as the internal code.  The most important thing is to keep it consistent.

When saving a Chinese file, remember the internal code the file is using. This prevents the display of weird characters or incomplete Chinese sentences when the file is reopened. In the case where the wrong internal code is selected, go to the System Setting Dialog and change the internal code to match the file.

[System Font] The TwinBridge System font is the 16x16 bitmap font.  It can be selected in either the traditional or the simplified Chinese fonts.  In most cases, the system font is being used in dialogs, menus and other areas where a program needs to display Chinese characters. When the characters are very small, they will be mapped to the this system font in order to speed up the display of these characters.  Since the system font is the same as the Chinese16 font, when the Chinese16 is selected as the Prompt-Line font, the characters being displayed in this area will be using the System Font.

Loading the system font into memory will increase the speed of displaying small Chinese characters.  However, this will take up some system memory.

[Shadow] In this group, the direction, line size, and the shadow-depth of Bold Chinese characters can be selected.

These four options determine the direction of the Shadow and Stereo styles.  The Line-Width determines the width of the coreless lines and the Stereo styles.  The Shadow-Depth determines the depth of the Shadow and the Stereo styles.

[16x16 Threshold] The 16x16 Threshold determines the legitimate point size for the  Chinese characters  to be mapped to the 16x16 Bitmap font. This function is used to accelerate the display of Chinese characters at low resolutions and small sizes.

[Italic] This function determines the slant direction of the Chinese italic characters.

[Default] Click this button to restore all system setup in this dialog back to the original setting

[OK] Click "OK" button to confirm the setting and exit setup dialog. All the system setting will be setup according the selection.

[Cancel] Click this button to quit the setup.


Input Method Setup

Click "Input Method Setup" button on Toolbar to open Input Method Setup dialog.

[Input Control] In this section, you can setup the input method control parameter.

<Automatic Sorting>: When the string is checked, it enables the automatic sorting for the input method.  "Automatic Sorting" is a technology which rearrange the words and phrases in the dictionary according the frequency of the usage of the characters and phrases.  Or the most frequently used characters and phrases with the same input code (same pronunciation or key stroke) will be display first when you input the character or phrase. For example, you input "da" for PinYin input method, 大,打,搭,...will display in Prompt-Line at first time. These characters are the most frequently used ones. When "Automatic Sorting"  is enabled, the character which was selected last time comes to the first position in the Prompt-Line when you input the same input code again. Because of the sorting, the position of one character in the Prompt-Line may be changed. If you do not want the change, you can disable Automatic Sorting.

<Short Prompt>: Some input methods are one to one converting, or one input code to one Chinese character, like Changjei. If the input code is shorter than the full code of a character, one code may be mapped to many Chinese characters. If you enable "Short Prompt", the input method will display all the Chinese characters before you type the full code. This lets you pick up the Chinese if you are not sure the full input code for a character. For example, if you enable "Short Prompt" for Changjei, when you input "aa", many characters are displayed in Prompt-Line. If you disable it, only former two Chinese characters will be displayed.

But this will slow the input because the display of Chinese characters for each key strike. You can disable "Short Prompt" to get fast input. Then you must input the full code to get the Chinese characters.

<Capital Convert>: If this option is enabled (marked with x) all characters entered in both upper and lower case will be treated as Chinese input.  If disabled, upper case character will be sent to application unchanged.

[Prompt Line Fonts] This section provides selection of fonts to be used for the prompt line display.

[ZhuYin Layout] This section lets you select which ZhuYin keyboard layout you want for ZhuYin input method. In this version, there are three layout available: Original layout, Standard Layout and TwinBridge Layout. Please refer to Chapter 5 - ZhuYin input method for detail.

[Installed Input Method] All the input methods available from Prompt-Line are listed in "Installed Input Method."  You can input Chinese through the installed input method. But if you do not have the data or the data is error, you can not use this input method to Input Chinese even if you installed the input method.

[Available Input Method] All the input methods that recognized by TwinBridge will be displayed in the list.  These will include the ones from the third party (i.e. 大 易 .)

[Add] Click the input method name in the "Available Input Method" to select the method you want and click the "Add" button to add this input method to Installed Input Method list.  After you added the input method, you can use it to input Chinese through Input Prompt-Line.

[Remove] If there are input methods listed in the Installed Input Method that you do not need, you may click the "Remove" button to remove them. Installing too many input methods will cause inconvenient in selecting an input method.

[OK] Click this button to confirm the selection and make the change effect.

[Cancel] Click this button to quit the setting.


Dictionary Manager

The Chinese Dictionary Manager performs three management functions, including Modify, Insert, and Delete on PinYin ( 拼 音 ), ZhuYin (注 音 ), Changjei (仓 颉 ) and English to Chinese (英 汉 ) dictionaries.  The original dictionary contains 7,000 Chinese characters for GB Code data and 13,000 Chinese characters for BIG5 Code data and 50,000+ phrases (including two, three and four-character phrases.)  With dictionary manager, you can have a full control of your dictionary over the following tasks:

<i> Assign a PinYin (or ZhuYin, Changjei, English to Chinese) code for a newly created word;

<ii> Add new phrases to dictionary;

<iii> Change PinYin (or ZhuYin, Changjei, English to Chinese) codes for existing characters or phrases;

<iv> Delete unused or incorrect words or phrases.

When combining with the self-learning features of TwinBridge, this program will enable you to have a dictionary that is fully customized for your need.

The general step to perform a dictionary management is as follows:

(1) Select the input method you want to do the management.

(2) Select the function to manage the dictionary which include Modifying, Inserting or Deleting character or phrase.

(3) Input the character or phrase's input code.

(4) If in insert function mode, input the word or phrase you want to assign the code.

(5) For Modify or Delete, click the word or phrase displayed in the list to the right that you wish to modify or delete. For Insert, click the word or phrase listed to select the insert position.

(6) Click the "Confirm" button to save the result.

You can click "Exit" to quit the the dictionary manager.

The operation you applied to the dictionary will only affect the data in your hard disk.  It is recommended that you backup your customized dictionary periodically to avoid data lost when system crashes or when re-installing TwinBridge.

C:\TWIN> COPY MLCHN*.DIC A:	(PinYin and ZhuYin dictionary data)

C:\TWIN> COPY MLENG*.DIC A:	(English to Chinese dictionary data)

C:\TWIN> COPY CANG*.TAB A:	(Ch  angjei dictionary data)

When you want to restore the backup data to another system or a newly installed TwinBridge, copy the data file in the floppy disk to TwinBridge directory.

C:\TWIN> COPY A:*.* C:

(Assuming TwinBridge is installed in C:\TWIN directory and the spare disk is inserted in drive A)


Keyboard Layout

A soft keyboard for current input method can be displayed to help beginner inputting Chinese.  To bring up the keyboard layout, click on the TB Function button (to the right of the Input Prompt-Line), which shall open up the Toolbar.  Then, click on the Keyboard button to switch to the Keyboard Layout.

The window will display the layout of current input method.  For detail about each input method, please refer to chapter 5.

The bottom blue characters on each key button can be entered through normal key stroke.  The top right blue characters can be entered through key stroke accompanied with the Shift key depressed.

You may use the mouse to click the keypad button on the keyboard layout to enter characters.  The character on the button will enter to Input Prompt Line.  Click F1-F8 and the up down(dn) keys to select the character you want.

Click the Close button to close the Keyboard Layout. Click the Tool button to switch to the Toolbar.


Exit TwinBridge

To exit the TwinBridge program, click on the right button on the Input Prompt-Line to open the Toolbar, and then click on the Exit button on the Toolbar to exit.

Click "OK" to exit TwinBridge, or click "Cancel" to continue the TwinBridge session

If TwinBridge is started through the "Shell" mode, this will end the Windows session as well.

TwinBridge is a normal Windows application, it can be closed and reopened at any time.


Automatic Space Padding

Most of  the English word processor applications for Windows offer the auto-wrap function, such as Microsoft Write, Word, and Lotus Ami Pro, etc..  As Chinese characters are being inputted, such applications have the ability to word-wrap lines that exceed the length of the right fixed margin.  Since each Chinese character uses the double-byte internal code, Chinese word processing often encounters a situation where the last byte of a line is occupied by only half of a Chinese character while the other half is wrapped to the beginning of the next line.  This causes the Chinese character unable to be displayed.

To avoid this problem, simply activate the TwinBridge automatic Space Padding function. This function will automatically add a blank space after each Chinese character, thus preventing any Chinese character from being split in the middle by auto-wrap function.  Another feature of this function is that the blank space is designed to be narrower than a regular character to allow the spacing in between characters appearing naturally.  The blank space has a width equivalent to one quarter of a regular Chinese character.

Users have the option of setting the space padding function "ON" or "OFF"  (See Toolbar section for details).

When loading a text file from other Chinese software,  there will be no spacing after each Chinese character.  By using the "Space+/-" utility, all Chinese characters in the file will be appended with a space character.  Please refer to Chapter 6 for details.


Editing Chinese Characters

Since each Chinese character consists of two bytes (same for the Russian, Greek and Japanese kana characters), it is necessary to process two-bytes at a time to edit these characters. An one byte Chinese character will be displayed in symbols or English alphabet such as "~", "" or "ABC...".

The following instructions are important in editing Chinese character:

(1) When using the "Del" or the "Backspace" key to delete Chinese characters, please strike the key twice for deleting one Chinese character.

(2) When using the mouse or the keyboard to select functions such as Move, Delete, Copy, Change Size or Color, etc.,  please make sure that the cursor has marked the whole Chinese character.

(3) If the automatic Space Padding function is activated, it should be three bytes instead of two when editing those characters.

As a rules of thumb, always check to make sure that the cursor position covers the whole Chinese character completely before performing any editing.


Typesetting

Since the space in Chinese font is very small, please do not use it for the typesetting effect, such as right justify or center justify.  Use the right-justify or center-justify function provided by the word processor program instead.  For line alignment, use the TAB key if possible.  If you want to input a regular Chinese Space (same with as a Chinese character), please use the GB Code (or the BIG5 Code) input method to input A1A1 (or A140 for Big5) to get a full-size space.

In Chinese document, the punctuation characters (such as, . ?...) can neither be entered as the first character of a line, nor the only character in a line without other character preceding or following it.  In the case when space padding function is "ON", Chinese punctuation characters might be wrapped to the first character of a line.  Delete the space character before the punctuation character to correct this problem.

For applications that are not "what you see is what you get", the print out may be a bit different from the display.  Please use the typesetting function provided by the applications to do the typesetting.

As a rule of thumb, use Windows' English fonts for English characters and TwinBridge Chinese fonts for Chinese characters.


Internal codes and Fonts

This chapter discuss the internal codes used in TwinBridge.  Also the relationship between internal code and fonts.

Internal Codes: GB Code vs. BIG5 Code

System Internal Codes

Internal Code for Chinese Fonts

TwinBridge Font Facenames

Managing TwinBridge Fonts

Displaying Chinese

TrueType Fonts

Displaying and Printing


Internal Codes:GB Code vs BIG5 Code
Internal Codes: GB Code vs. BIG5 Code

Due to microcomputer limitations, most Chinese software process only a subset of the Chinese characters that is most frequently used .  These subsets are defined by an internal code system.  The two most widely adopted internal codes for Chinese characters are:

GB Code:  The standard developed in China bases its subset on simplified Chinese characters.

BIG5 Code: The most popular internal code system used in Taiwan, is based on traditional Chinese characters.

Since different internal codes define different Chinese characters it has been difficult  to transfer document from one area to the other. In order to solve this transportability challenge, TwinBridge V3.2 boldly incorporate the most comprehensive code and font compatibility features into one Chinese system on Windows.  TwinBridge is capable of producing each document or file in either GB or BIG5 code according to user's need.

GB Code includes almost 7,000 characters.  Approximately 3,760 of them are most frequently used.  The remaining characters, including graphic symbols, western language alphabets, and Japanese-Kana, are less frequently used. To combine the Traditional Chinese characters with the simplified characters into the same system, TwinBridge has added special extensions onto the existing GB Code table to store additional Chinese Characters.

Since the GB Code is in a hexadecimal number format (base 16), it is mostly used by programmers and professionals.  There is, however, a variation of the GB Code called the Quwei Code which consists of 4 decimal digits (2-byte), and is normally used by non-programmers.  For example, the GB Code for "啊" is B0A1 while the Quwei code is 1601.  The first byte (first two digits) is called the Area Code, and the second byte (last two digits) is called the Position Code.  Both code ranges from 1 to 94.  The first Quwei Code is 0101 and the last is 9494.  This corresponds to GB Code of A1A1 and FEFE. A complete GB/Quwei code table is included in the Appendix.

Most Chinese software developed in China such as the CC-DOS and the Huguang adopt the GB Code standard.  The previous version of  TwinBridge versions (3.1A and earlier) also use the GB Code.  Thus, all files created by these products are using GB Code.  In order to display and print these files correctly, the GB Code mode in TwinBridge must be used.

The BIG5 Code includes approximately 13,000 characters, out of which 5,401 are the most frequently used characters.  The remaining characters, which include graphic symbols, western language letters, and Japanese-Kana, are less frequently used.

Most Chinese software developed in Taiwan, such as the ETEN and the Microsoft Chinese Windows use the BIG5 Code.  In order to display and print these files containing BIG 5 codes correctly, the BIG5 Code system mode in TwinBridge must  be used. A complete BIG5 code table is included in the Appendix.

The BIG5 Code contains nearly 6,000  more Chinese characters that is not included in the GB Code. The BIG5 Code includes almost all the GB Code characters.  However, some characters in the GB Code are not included in BIG5 Code.   If the document uses mostly traditional fonts, the BIG 5 Code mode is recommended.  However, if the document uses mostly simplified fonts, the GB Code mode would suffice.  The main advantage of using the GB Code mode is that for certain input methods, the Chinese input is much faster.  The reason being GB Code includes less characters, therefore the time needed in searching for the desired character is correspondingly less.

TwinBridge has included cross reference  table to map Chinese characters between these two different code sets.  In version 3.2, TwinBridge supports both the GB and the BIG5 Codes. There is also a "Code Converter" utility available to convert text files between the GB and the BIG5 Code files.  Please refer to Chapter 6 for more details on the "Code Converter".

The input methods developed in China reference around 7,000 characters (such as the Wubi and Xinhua etc..).  The ones developed in Taiwan retrieve approximately 13,000 characters (such as the Cangjei and the Qinsong etc.).  In TwinBridge, different input methods adopt different code tables.  The maximum number of characters that can be retrieved may vary. Please refer to Chapter 5 for more details on input methods.


System Internal Codes

TwinBridge version 3.2 supports both the GB Code and the BIG5 Code.  When TwinBridge is started, the bottom Input Prompt-Line will show which internal code mode is being used.

Click the TwinBridge Toolbar button, at the end of the TwinBridge Prompt Line, the system will display the TwinBridge Toolbar on top of the Prompt Line. The internal code will be display on the left side of the Toolbar. The setup dialog will also display the Internal Code used. Select the desired internal code mode for your current document or file.


Internal Code For Chinese Fonts

The Chinese fonts used in TwinBridge are in GB or Big5 code.  The GB Code font includes 7,000 Chinese characters and symbols.  The BIG5 Code font includes 13,000 Chinese characters and symbols.

In the TwinBridge system, the facename of font is shown as Chn Fxxxx X5 or Chn Jxxxx XG (X variable).  The last character points out the code set of the font.  The fonts ending with "5" are BIG5 Code fonts, fonts ending with "G" are GB Code fonts.

All simplified fonts in TwinBridge use the GB Code.  The previous 4 TwinBridge Chinese traditional fonts (For example, filenames: clib*f.fnt ) are also GB Code fonts.  The new TwinBridge traditional fonts are BIG5 Code fonts (For example, filenames: clib*f5*.fnt).

Some TwinBridge fonts include only the first level of Chinese characters in GB Code or BIG5 Code.  Normally these fonts are used for titles.  There are usually enough first level characters for titles and headlines.  For this reason, certain Chinese characters may be displayed in one font, but not in another.


TwinBridge Font Facenames

TwinBridge Chinese system supports both the Chinese Bitmap fonts and the Chinese Outline fonts.  For Windows version 3.1 or latter, both fonts are in the TrueType format.  The Chinese Fonts are defined according to their style and form (traditional or simplified).

The TwinBridge V3.2 font facenames are defined as follows:

[Chinese flag] [Form] [Font type] [Font attribute] [Code set]

Chinese flag :	Chn

Form :	F/J	F: traditional font, J: simplified font

Font Type :	Ming, Kai, Fangsong...

Font Attribute :	S/M/L/X	S: light, M: medium, L: heavy, X: extra heavy

Code Set :	G/5	G: GB Code font, 5: BIG5 Code font

Standard TwinBridge Chinese V3.2 comes with the following fonts:

[Facename][Internal type][Code set][Font type][number of Characters]

Chn JSong SG	1**	GB	简体 -宋体	7,000

Chn FMing S5	385	BIG5	繁体 - 明体	13,000

Chn System*	0	BIG5/GB	繁体 /简体	13,000/7,000

TwinBridge Standard Chinese Fonts:

*	Chn System font will change according to the system setting( In system setup dialog). If the system is setup as Traditional Chinese, Chn System will use traditional 16x16 bitmap font of BIG5 code. If the system is setup as Simplified Chinese, Chn System will use simplified 16x16 bitmap font of GB code.

**	The font Internal Type is only useful if the user wishes to modify TWIN.INI to map certain Chinese font for default purposes. See the following section Displaying Chinese for detail.

The following table presents additional TwinBridge Chinese font packs which users can purchase from PC Express, Inc. or its distributors and dealers. More font packs are scheduled to release in the future.

[Facename][Internal type][Code set][Font type][number of Characters]

Chn JSong SG	1	GB	简体 -宋体	7,000

Chn JFangsong SG	2	GB	简体 -仿宋体	7,000

Chn JHei MG	35	GB	简体 -黑体	7,000

Chn JKai MG	36	GB	简体 -楷书	7,000

Chn JLi MG	38	GB	简体 -隶书	3,700

Chn JWei MG	39	GB	简体 -魏碑	3,700

Chn JXin MG	40	GB	简体 -行书	3,700

Chn FMing S5	385	BIG5	繁体 - 明体	13,000

Chn FFangsong S5	386	BIG5	繁体 - 仿宋	5,700

Chn FKai M5	419	BIG5	繁体 - 楷书	13,000

Chn FHei M5	420	BIG5	繁体 - 黑体	5,700

Chn FLi M5	421	BIG5	繁体 - 隶书	5,700

Chn FXin M5	422	BIG5	繁体 - 行书	5,700

Chn FYuanhei M5	424	BIG5	繁体 - 圆黑	5,700

Chn FSong SG	257	GB	繁体 - 宋体A	7,000

Chn FFangsong SG	258	GB	繁体 - 仿宋A	7,000

Chn FKai MG	291	GB	繁体 - 楷书A	7,000

Chn FHei MG	292	GB	繁体 - 黑体A	7,000

The facename of the fonts used in previous versions of TwinBridge are listed as follows.  Users of the previous versions of TwinBridge can still display their files by using the GB Code setting.  However, for newly created documents or files, it is recommended to use the fonts with the corresponding new face name.

[Facename][Internal type][Code set][Font type][number of Characters]

ChineseSJ	1	GB	简体 -宋体	7,000

ChineseFJ	2	GB	简体 -仿宋体	7,000

ChineseKJ	35	GB	简体 -楷书	7,000

ChineseHJ	36	GB	简体 -黑体	7,000

ChineseSF 	257	GB	繁体 - 宋体A	7,000

ChineseFF 	258	GB	繁体 - 仿宋A	7,000

ChineseKF	291	GB	繁体 - 楷书A	7,000

ChineseHF	292	GB	繁体 - 黑体A	7,000

ChineseYF*	421	GB	繁体 - 圆黑	7,000

ChineseLF*	422	GB	繁体 - 隶书	7,000

ChineseXF*	424	GB	繁体 - 行书	7,000

*  The fonts are only available in Basic Version for TwinBridge 3.1A

Since different editions of TwinBridge have different combinations of fonts, the number of available fonts in each system may vary.  Certain Font types may not include all the characters other font types have (e.g. Xing, Li, Wei).


Managing TwinBridge Fonts

There are four ways of processing Chinese in the TwinBridge Chinese System.  The first is using the GB Code fonts with the GB Code internal system setting.  The second is using the GB Code fonts with the BIG5 Code internal system setting.  The third is using the BIG5 Code fonts with GB Code internal system setting.  And the fourth is using the BIG5 Code with the BIG5 Code internal system setting.

The Big5 Code set does not include all the characters in the GB Code set, and vice versa.  Some characters may exist in one font, but be missing in another.  To properly use TwinBridge fonts, it is very important to determine which font to use under what internal setting.  Below are some tips in managing TwinBridge fonts.

(1) For optional Chinese processing, keep the font type and the internal font setting the same.  If a GB Code internal system setting is used, use the GB Code fonts.  If a BIG5 Code internal system setting is used, use the BIG5 Code fonts.

(2) It is possible, however, to use BIG5 Code fonts in a GB Code system setting and vice versa.  TwinBridge will automatically convert the system code to that of the font in order to display the correct character.  Since not all characters in one font are in the other, sometimes a character will be missing.  However, with Twin Bridge cross reference table, this situation rarely happens.  In case the situation does occur, select a font that does match the system internal code will eliminate this problem.

(3) Normally, if only simplified characters are used, select the GB internal system code.  If only traditional characters are used, select the BIG5 internal system code.

(4) If you use both simplified and traditional characters, use any internal code. But Eten or other Taiwan software users use BIG5 Code.  Old files written using those products can be loaded only if the internal code is set to BIG5.  Users of Chinese software developed in China should use the GB internal system code.

(5) Previous TwinBridge users with the older versions of TwinBridge should use the GB Code for their systems in order to load their old files, since the older  versions of TwinBridge use only the GB Code.  However, users may choose either BIG5 or GB Code setting for any new created file.

(6) When a file is created, it is important to remember which internal code is used for the file.  When the file is reloaded, users must adjust TwinBridge to match the internal code of the file.  If the internal code for the file is unknown, change between the two internal code modes until the Chinese characters are displayed correctly.  Click the System Setup button on the Toolbar to change the internal code.

(7) Inexperienced users should stick to one internal code.  Changing codes frequently will cause confusion and hence not recommended.  New TwinBridge users should refer to item 3 and 4 to select the internal code.

SPECIAL NOTE: Former TwinBridge users must change the internal system code to GB Code mode in order to properly display files created by previous TwinBridge versions.  If the internal code is not properly set, random or incomplete phrases may appear.


Displaying Chinese

For the TwinBridge system to display and print Chinese correctly, it is necessary to first select a Chinese font.  In Microsoft Word, for example, the font list is located under the Format | Character option.

If the application does not have a font list (e.g. Notepad), TwinBridge will use the substitution internal font type (See below in the [Chinese Substitution] section of TWIN.INI to map the character's font to the corresponding font.

[Chinese Substitution]

System=0	;map to Chn System font

Courier=0

Fixedsys=0

Terminal=0

Smallfonts=0

Helv=385	;map to Chn FMing S5 font

Tms Rmn=385

MS Sans Serif=385

MS Serif=385

If you are using Microsoft C-Windows, J-Windows, or European-Windows, please use the following substitution table:

[Chinese Substitution]

System=65535	;no mapping

Fixedsys=65535

Terminal=65535

Smallfonts=65535

Courier=0

Helv=385	;map to Chn FMing S5 font

Tms Rmn=385

MS Sans Serif=385

MS Serif=385

The above substitution will disable mapping of the System, Fixedsys, Terminal, and Small fonts.  These fonts will use their original character sets and code page.

The Chinese fonts include Russian, Greek, Japanese kana, and other graphic symbols.  Please refer to Appendix A and B For details on font sets.  Also, refer to Appendix D for a sample output.


TrueType Fonts

TwinBridge version 3.2 supports Windows 3.1 TrueType fonts. The Chinese TrueType Fonts provides two choices "Load with Windows" and "Load at TwinBridge Start." When user selects "Load with Windows", Chinese TrueType fonts will be loaded all the time even when TwinBridge is not running.  User will not be able to see Chinese when TwinBridge is not running. When user selects "Load at TwinBridge Start,"  Chinese TrueType fonts will be loaded by TwinBridge at the starting time.  When TwinBridge is not running, users will not see Chinese fonts in the font list.  Selecting this option will increase the time for TwinBridge to load and exit. (See TwinBridge Configuration in Chapter6 fot detail)

When you select "Load with Windows" for Chinese TrueType fonts, the Chinese fonts should be listed in the Installed Font List under the Control Panel | Fonts section.

To select a Chinese font, the TrueType option under the Font Setup dialog must first be enabled.

TwinBridge processes Chinese fonts by using two kinds of files for each font: the Chinese font head and the Chinese font data.  The Chinese font heads are original Windows compatible fonts just like other English fonts, such as the "Arial".  For Windows 3.1, the font heads are TrueType fonts.  The Chinese font head and Chinese font data are located in the TwinBridge directory (for example, \TWIN).

Sometimes Windows may lose the font information settings, and the Chinese fonts are missing from the font list in the application.  When this occurs, enter Control Panel, double click the Font icon, and reinstall the Chinese fonts. To reinstall the Chinese Fonts, first remove the fonts from the font list.  Do not select "Delete the font from disk" when the fonts are removed.  Then user may click the "Add" button and change the directory to the TwinBridge directory.  Select the Chinese fonts and click "OK" to add.

TwinBridge Chinese fonts are Windows TrueType fonts, same as other English fonts.  Therefore, all applications which can see and change English fonts should be able to support the Chinese fonts.  If the fonts are still not listed after the above reinstallation steps, check for the printer driver file, it may not be setup correctly.


Displaying and Printing

For TwinBridge to function properly, please observe the following points:

(1) TwinBridge system supports Windows compatible video card, monitor, and drivers.  Includes Monochrome, EGA, VGA, SVGA, XGA and paper white VGA, as well as all the laptop and notebook computer monitors.  Hi-Color, True Color,  accelerator cards for Windows, as well as different PC bus structures are also supported.

(2) In order to print, the printer under Windows must first be set up properly before any application is used.  Otherwise, the Chinese fonts as well as other fonts may not appear.

(3) To select a new default printer, go to the Printer section under the Control Panel.  Highlight the new default printer, and click the Set As Default Printer button.

(4) Due to resolution differences between the display device (monitor) and the printing device, the display on the screen and the actual printout may not be exactly the same.  This is because the display and the printer often map their own assigned fonts differently.

(5) For accurate and high-quality displays and printouts, please select Chinese fonts to input Chinese characters.  In some cases, Chinese characters May not appear unless the Chinese font has been selected!  In any case, the display and printing result will be unsatisfactory when English fonts are selected for Chinese character inputs.

(6) Printing under a network is similar to printing locally.  The only difference is that the connecting port for the printer will be a network printing service queue instead of a local port  Select the port connecting to the printer by entering the Control Panel | Printer section and choosing the Connect option.  Select the correct port for the printer, and click OK.

(7) On laser printers, if the print quality for Chinese character is not satisfactory or does not match the layout on the screen, mark "Print TrueType as Graphics" in the printer setup. And click Options in the Printer Setup dialog to open the Option dialog. Different printers have different Option dialogs.  The following is an example for the HP LaserJet III:


Input Methods

The TwinBridge Chinese System provides more than ten input methods to input Chinese or other languages. They include the PinYin, ZhuYin, Quwei Code, Full Size-English, English-Chinese, CangJei, Simple-Stroke, Telegraph Code, GB Code, Japanese kana, Russian, Greek,  and the English input methods.

TwinBridge also supports other purpolar input methods such as the Wubi and Dayi through a general open format. If the input method's data file conforms to the format, TwinBridge will then be able to read the data and make the input method accessable.

The current Chinese input methods are displayed in the Chinese Prompt -Line, please refer to Chapter 3 for the detailed destription on the Chinese Prompt-Line.

This chapter includes the following information:

PinYin	拼 音

ZhuYin	注 音

Quwei	区 位

Full Size English Input	全 角 字

English-Chinese Input	英 译 中

ChangJie	仓 颉

Simple-Stroke	笔 划

Telegraph Code	电 报 码

GB Code	国 标 码

BIG5 Code	大 五 码

Japanese-Kana	日 - 片 假 名

Russian	俄 文

Greek	西 腊 文

Keyboard Layouts:

PinYin Layout

ZhuYin Layout

ChangJie Layout

Japanese-Kana Layout

Russian Layout

Greek Layout

Other Information:

Internal Code for Input Method

How to Select an Input Method

Open Format for Other Input Methods


Internal Code for Input Method

In this version (V3.2), the TwinBridge system supports both the GB Code and the BIG5 Code.  When TwinBridge is started, the bottom Input Prompt-Line will show which internal code is being used.

You can clicking the setup button on the Toolbar to see the internal code used by the system and change the internal code. For more details about internal code, please refer to Chapter 3.

Most of the input method need a data file for the program to find the mapping between the input code and Chinese character. We call the data file as this input method's Dictionay.

TwinBridge input method uses two kind of internal code dictionary. Generally, the input methods used in Tainwan use BIG5 code based dictionary. And the one used in China use GB code based dictionary.

Input Method	Dictionary Code

GB	BIG5

Pinyin	X	X

Zhuyin	X	X

Cangjei	X

English Chinese	X

Simple Stroke	X

Telegraph	X

The GB Code dictionary includes 7,000 Chinese characters and symbols in GB-Code set.  The BIG5 Code dictionary includes 13,000 Chinese characters and symbols in BIG5 Code set. If one of the dictionary does not match the system internal code, the input method program can use the dictionary through converting the code. But GB code dictionary can not include all the BIG5 code Chinese character, or you can not input all the BIG5 code Chinese characters through the GB code dictionary, vise vasa. Generally, BIG5 code dictionary include almost all the GB code Chincese character.

TwinBridge input method program use one dictionary for both Pinyin and Zhuyin input method. But the dictionary can be both GB code and BIG5 code. Since BIG5 code dictionary does not include all the GB Chinese, so does the GB dictionary. In order to access all the Chinese character, There are several critera for TwinBridge Input Method Code managment:

(1)	Generally, GB code dictionary can retrive all the GB code set Chinese character and BIG5 code dictionary can retrive all the BIG5 set Chinese character. Normally, if you are using China based input method, sush as Pinyin, Wubi (open), GB code and Simple-Stroke, please select GB code as system internal code. If you are using Tainwan based input method, such as Zhuyin, Cangjei, BIG5 code and Dayi, please select BIG5 code as system internal code.

(2)	Basically, GB code is defined based on simplified Chinese character, which is used in China. BIG5 Code is defined based on traditional Chinese character, which is used in Tainwan. If you are inputting simplified Chinese character, using GB Code as internal code enable you to retrive all the simplified Chinese characters, or BIG5 code for traditional Chinese characters.

(3)	The version destributed in China will only include GB-Code dictionary. The version destributed in Tainwan will only include BIG5-Code dictionary. The version distributed outside China and Taiwan will include both GB-Code dictionary and BIG5 Code dictionary.

(4)	For Pinyin and Zhuyin: The system will automaically detect which dictionary  existed in your system. If both dictionary exist, the input method will use GB Code dictionary when system is using GB Code and BIG5 Code dictioanry for BIG5 system. If only one dictionary exist in your TwinBridge system, the input method will use the dictioanry for both GB and BIG5 code internal code system.

(5)	For Pinyin and Zhuyin: GB code dictionary only includes 7,000 Chinese characters and BIG5 code dictionary includes 13,000 ones. The advantage of using both GB Code and BIG5 code dictionary in TwinBridge input method is you can retrive all the Chinese characters in both GB and BIG5 code set. The disadvantage is: (1) The automatic sorting will only affect the current internal code dictionary you are using. (2) the Dictionary Manager will only manage the current internal code dictionary. This is why when you insert a new phrase in GB code system through Dictionary Manager, you can not get it in BIG5 Code input method.

Some input methods do not need a dictionary for the input code and Chinese character index, such as GB-Code, BIG5 code, Quwei, and Japanese Kana, etc. These input methods will not affected by the previous facts regarding dictioanry and internal code mapping.


How to Select Input Method

The TwinBridge Chinese System provides two approaches to select the current input method, the Hot-Key and the Toolbar (refer to Chapter 3 for details).

The Hot-Key approach is a quick and simple way to select a new input method, or to toggle between the English input method and the current Chinese input method:

Alt+Left: To switch between the English input method and the current Chinese input method.

Alt+Down: To select the next alternative Chinese input method.

Alt+Up: To select the previous alternative Chinese input method.

The direction keys can be accessed either by the inverted-T arrow keys or with the keypad with the NumLock off.  With the NumLock on, the keypad will be functionally identical to the number keys above the keyboard.

Note: Since English alphabets can only be entered under the English Input Method, only by switching to English input method either through the Hot-Key or the Toolbar method can one input English.

In some input methods such as the PinYin and the ZhuYin, Chinese can only be inputted with the keyboard set on the  LOWERCASE condition (with "Caps Locl" turned off), when "Capital Convert" is disabled in Input Method Setup.  Otherwise, each capitalized letter typed will appear directly on the Windows application thus hindering Chinese input.


Pinyin Input Method
PinYin ( 拼 音 ) Input Method

PinYin, also known as the Romanization Input Method is one of the most common Chinese input method available.  It maps each Chinese character's phonetic code (consists of a Consonant character and a Consonant-vowel character) to English letters that define different characters.  Due to the special characteristic of the Chinese language, different characters may possess a common pronunciation. Therefore, when inputting a Chinese character through the PinYin input method, other Chinese characters with the same pronunciation may appear in the selection as well.  To shorten the time spent in searching for the right character, TwinBridge utilizes the Multi-Level Input Structure to display Chinese characters according to their frequency of usage in the Prompt-Line.

The PinYin input method is able to process Consonant characters, Consonant-vowel characters, two character phrases, as well as three or four character phrases.  Chinese punctuations may also be inputted by striking the corresponding English symbol keys. 	Please see Pinyin Keyboard Layout for detail.

1. Consonant Characters

There are twenty-three letters defined as consonants in the PinYin input method. Except for the letters m and n, when typing a consonant key, the input Prompt-Line will display four most frequently used Chinese characters to select from. These four characters are called the Consonant Characters.  TwinBridge contains a total of eighty-four Consonant Characters.

Among the twenty-three consonant letters, other than the ones that are made up by one single letter (one key stroke), there are three exceptions, which are spelled "Zh", "Ch", and "Sh".

When striking a consonant key, a page of characters will be displayed under the Prompt-Line area which includes the four most frequently used characters of that consonant (the Consonant Characters), followed by the Sample Consonant-Vowel Characters.  In addition to the Consonant Characters, a Sample Consonant-Vowel Character consists of other vowels as well.  These characters perform the function of presenting their complete phonetic codes, which in turn teach users the pronunciation of each characters being displayed

The Prompt-Line area is able to display a page of eight characters at a time.  A PinYin input may contain characters of more than one page depending on the volume of characters it corresponds.

To select a word or a phrase from the Prompt-Line area, enter the number that corresponds the word or phrase by using the numeric keys 1 to 8 (or F1 to F8), also striking the "Space Bar" will select the first character on the page.  Use the "Left" and "Right" arrow keys to bring up the next previous page of characters.

Consonant Characters are displayed at a fixed position.  They do not change positions based on frequency of usage.  Punctuation symbols are directly displayed on the screen when corresponding keys are depressed.

2. Consonant-Vowel Character

Regardless of the tune (each Chinese character possesses one of the four tunes, flat, up, up-down, or down), there are approximately 400 Consonant-vowel  combinations that are in use in the modern Chinese language.  The characters are displayed in the Prompt-Line area according to their frequency of usage, highest frequency first.

Each vowel is mapped to English letters which form the second part of its phonetic code (after its Consonant character).  For example, the vowel for the word "翁" is mapped to letters "eng".  Normally every vowel is made up of one to four English letters.  As mentioned previously, when typing a consonant letter, a page of Consonant Characters will be shown along with their vowels under the Prompt-Line area.

Use the letter "u" to replace the vowel "ü" to bring up words such as "鱼" spelled "yu", In addition, change    "nü"  and "lü" to "nyu" (女) and "lyu" (绿).

3. Two-Character Phrases

The TwinBridge system supports the Phrase Input method which is very economical in terms of time savings.  It allows users to make inputs phrase by phrase instead of word by word. The system contains a 50,000 phrase dictionary  including the most frequently used two-character phrases, three-character phrases, and four-character phrases, as well as Chinese idioms.

By typing the complete PinYin code (consists of a Consonant character and a Consonant-vowel character) for the first word in a phrase and the first  letter (the Consonant character) of the second word, a page of two-character phrases associated with the same pronunciation for the first character and the same Consonant character for the second will be displayed under the Prompt-Line area.

Notes:	If the first letter of the second word in a phrase (its Consonant character) can be connected with its previous letter (the Consonant-vowel character of the first word) to form a valid two-letter Consonant-vowel character, it is  necessary  to insert an apostrophe to separate the the two in order to get two-character phrases.  For example, the phrase "西 安 " should be spelled "xi'a" with the apostrophe, otherwise, simply "xia" will output characters with the same pronunciation as "下 "

For the convenience of users in making words and phrases input, the TwinBridge Chinese system was designed to support the AI-based self-learning technology, which offers the ability to sort the Chinese word and phrase dictionary.  Each time a word or a phrase input is made, the particular word or phrase will be placed in the first position on the page when the same PinYin code is retyped again.  If a different word or phrase is chose next time, the new selection will then be placed first with the previous one moved to one place down. With this function, the users will soon be having their most frequently used words or phrases being sorted on the first page of the Prompt-Line area.

4. Three and Four Character Phrases

The procedures to input three or four character phrases are almost identical with the two character phrases.  The complete PinYin code for the first word in a phrase is required to be spelled out following by the first letter (Consonant character) of the second and the third word, the Consonant character for the fourth word can be ignored.


Pinyin Keyboard Layout

In Pinyin mode, the keyboard layout is defined as below:


Zhuyin Input Method

ZhuYin ( 注 音 ) Input Method

The ZhuYin input method works in a very similar way as the PinYin input method. It is also based on the pronunciation of each character to make inputs.  It uses the traditional way to spell out the phonetic codes for each Chinese character.  This method is widely adopted for elementary education in Taiwan.

See Appendix C for the PinYin - ZhuYin matching table.

Under the ZhuYin input method, Chinese character inputs can only be done with the keyboard set on the LOWERCASE condition. (with the Caps Lock key off) Otherwise, each capitalized letter being typed will be sent to the Windows application directly and causing an input failure for Chinese characters.

Please see Zhuyin Keyboard Layout for Zhuyin key mapping:

1. Consonant Characters

Same as for the PinYin input method, there are also twenty-three letters defined as consonants for the ZhuYin input method.  When striking a consonant key except for ㄓ ㄔ ㄕ ㄖ ㄗ ㄘ ㄙ, the Input Prompt-Line area will display four of the most frequently used Chinese characters to select from, which are called the Consonant Characters. TwinBridge contains a total of sixty-four Consonant Characters.

When a consonant key is depressed, a page of characters will be displayed under the Prompt-Line area which includes the four most frequently used characters of that consonant (Consonant Characters) following by the Sample Consonant-Vowel Characters.  In addition to the Consonant Characters, a Sample-Vowel Character consists of other vowels as well.  These characters are presented with their complete phonetic codes for the purpose of teaching users the correct spelling and pronunciation of each character being displayed

The Prompt-Line area displays a page of 8 characters at a time.  A ZhuYin input may contain characters of more than one page depending on the volume of characters it corresponds.

Use the numeric keys 1 to 8 (or F1 to F8) to make inputs.  Also by hitting the "Space Bar", the first character on the page will be inputted.  Use the "Down" and "Up" arrow keys to bring up the next page or the previous page of characters.  The "Enter" key can be used to input ZhuYin symbol itself.

2. Consonant-Vowel Characters

There are approximately 400 consonant -vowel combinations that are in use in the modern Chinese language regardless of their tunes (each Chinese character possesses one of the 4 tunes, flat, up, up-down or down). The characters are displayed in the Prompt-Line area according to their frequency of usage, high frequency  first.

When striking a consonant letter, the TwinBridge system will automatically map it to its correct vowel(s) and display its corresponding characters.

3. Two-Character Phrases

The TwinBridge system also supports the Phrase Input utility under the ZhuYin input method.  Users will be able to make inputs phrase by phrase.  The TwinBridge 50,000 phrase dictionary includes the most frequent used two to four-character phrases and idioms.

By typing the complete ZhuYin code (it may consist of a Consonant-vowel character only) for the first word of a phrase and the first letter of the second word, a page of two-character phrases associated with the same code will be displayed under the Prompt-Line area

4. Three and Four Character Phrases

In order to bring up three or four character phrases, it is required to enter the complete ZhuYin code for the first word in a phrase following by the first letter of the second and the third word.  The fourth word can be ignored.


Zhuyin Keyboard Layout

TwinBridge Chinese System comes with three types of ZhuYin Keyboard.  Please refer to Chapter 6 for details on how to switch between them.

The TwinBridge Keyboard layout is as follows:

Note: The vowel ㄝ will  appear only if some appropriate consonants are typed in first.

The Standard Keyboard layout is as follows:

The Original Keyboard layout is as follows:


Quwei Code Input Method
Quwei Code ( 区 位 码 ) Input Method

The Quwei Code is in a four decimal digit form and  it is usually used by non-programmers.  For example, the Quwei Code 1601 stands for the character " 啊 ".  The first two digits is called the Area-Code and the last two is called the Position-Code.  Each code ranges from 1 to 94. The first Quwei Code is 0101 and the last one is 9494 (the corresponding GB Code is A1A1 and FEFE respectively).

Chinese characters and symbols can be inputted directly through the characters' internal code.

When a character's Area-Code (the first two digits of the Quwei Code) is entered, the Prompt-Line area will display a page of characters belonging to this Quwei's Area.  Use the numeric keys 1 to 8 (or F1 to F8) to input the selected character.  The "Space Bar" can be used to input the first character on the page, and the "↓" and "↑" arrow keys can scroll up the next page or the previous page of characters.

A character can be inputted directly onto the screen by entering the fourth digit of its Quiwei code.


Full Size English Input Method
Full Size English ( 全 角 字 ) Input Method

In this mode, the Full-Size English alphabets can be inputted (the same size as the Chinese characters) according to the normal keyboard layout (same as the English input method).  For example, a Full-Size English alphabet A is "Ａ".  These Full-Size symbols are useful in Chinese typesetting.

Example: TwinBridge Full Size English will be ＴｗｉｎＢｒｉｄｇｅ.


English Chinese Input Method
English-Chinese ( 英 汉 )  Input Method

Under this input method, the system is able to translate an English word into the corresponding Chinese word(s) or phrase(s). The system contains a 5,000 English-Chinese word and phrase dictionary.

When entering the first 2 to 4 letters of a word with total of six letters possible, the Prompt-Line area will display up to eight corresponding characters each page.  Strike the "SPACE" key to input the first character, or use

the numeric keys 1 to 8 (or F1 to F8) to make a selection.   The "Down" and "Up" arrow keys can be used to bring up the next or the previous page of characters.


Changjie Input Method
ChangJie ( 仓 颉 )  Input Method

This input method requiers the entering of codes that represent Chinese radicals. Chinese characters are composed of radicals, which are the base characters.

In order to input Chinese characters under this mode, it is necessary to follow its own input procedures which can be found in the published CangJei Input Method handbook (the handbook can be purchased in bookstores).   In order to help users getting familiar with the CangJei Code for different characters, and to increase the input speed, when a CangJei code is entered the characters of that code will be displayed under the Chinese Prompt-Line area.  Use the "Down" and "up" arrow keys to scroll up the next page or the previous page of characters.  To make an input, use the numeric keys 1 to 8 (or F1 to F8), or use the "SpaceBar" to key in the first character listed on the page.

process for the character " 漱 ".


ChangJie Keyboard Layout

In ChangJie mode, the keyboard layout is defined as below:


Simple Stroke Input Method

Simple-Stroke ( 笔 划 ) Input Method

All the Chinese characters are made up of a major radical and some minor ones.  For example, the major radical for the character 桥 is 木.  The Simple-Stroke method inputs each Chinese character according to its major radicals.

Every radical consists of basic strokes.  Under this method, key in the stroke number of a character's major radical (Numeric key 1-9 stands for 1- 9 strokes and a,b,c stands for 10, 11, and 12), select the major radical for the desired character, then the Prompt-Line area will display a page of characters possessing  radical just selected.

Use the numeric keys 1-8 or F1 to F8 to choose the character to be inputted.  The "Space Bar" can be used to input the first character on the page, and the "Down" and "Up" arrow keys can scroll up the next page or the previous page of characters.


Telegraph Code Input Method

Telegraph Code ( 电报码 )  Input Method

In this mode, Chinese characters can be inputted by using the Telegraph Code of Chinese characters.   The Telegraph Code also contains four numeric keystrokes. The first two is called the "area code", ranging from 00-99, and the other two is called the "position code" also ranges from 00-99.


GB Code Input Method

GB Code ( 国 标 码 )  Input Method

GB Code is a computer internal code used by TwinBridge.  It is a hexadecimal number (16 based) which consists of 4 hexadecimals.  For example, the GB Code for the character " 啊 " is B0A1.  Its first two digits is called the Area-Code and the last two is called the Position-Code.  Each code ranges from A1 to FE (A1A1 is the first GB Code, FEFE is the last GB Code).  It is also possible to input Chinese characters and symbols directly through their internal code. For more details on GB Code, please refer to the previous Quwei section.

When inputting a character's Area-Code (the first two digits of the GB Code), the Prompt-Line area will display a page of characters belonging to that GB Code area. Use the numeric keys 1 to 8 (or F1 to F8) to input the desired character.  The "Space Bar" can be used to input the first character on the page, and the "Down" and "Up" arrow keys can scroll up the next page or the previous page of characters.


BIG5 Code Input Method

BIG5 Code ( 大五码 )  Input Method

BIG5 Code is a computer internal code used by TwinBridge.  It is a hexadecimal number (16 based) which consists of 4 hexadecimals. Its first two digits is called the Area-Code, ranges form A1 to FE, and the last two is called the Position-Code, ranges from 40 to FE. It is also possible to input Chinese characters and symbols directly through their internal code. For more details on BIG5 Code, please refer TwinBridge Manual Appendix B:


Japanese Kana Input Method

Japanese-Kana ( 日 文 假 名 )  Input Method

In this mode, the Japanese-Kana characters can be inputted (same as the Chinese character size) by using the standard Japanese keyboard layout.  The Japanese-Kana characters use the GB Code, and each character is made up by two bytes.

In this mode, the CapsLock key is used for controlling the input of hiragana or katakana characters. The shift key as well  functions similiarly as in the English mode.

In this mode,  the  " ] ( } ) " key functions as a " Leading key " (变 换 键 ),  but the system will not process it until some other keys are hit.  If the second key pressed is a hiragana or a katakana that belongs to one of the か、さ、た or は lines, it will be converted into one of the が、ざ、だ or  ば lines. When press the Shift+Leading keys followed by  a  hiragana or a katakana in the  は  or  や  line,  the character will be transformed into the  ぱ  or the ゃ line. If the Shift+Leading keys are pressed followed by the character あ、 い、 う、 え、 お、 つ or わ, it will be converted into ぁ、ぃ、ぅ、ぇ、ぉ、っ or ゎ. By pressing the leading key or the Shift+Leading keys followed by  the  " , ", " . ", " / ", and " ] "  keys,  the punctuation marks �"、", "。",  "，",  and  "－" ,  or  牋"     「 " ,  "   」  "  ,     " ? "  and  "!" will appear.

Japanese Kana Keybaord Layout


Japanese Kana Keybaord Layout
Japanese-Kana Keyboard Layout

In Japanese Kana mode, the keyboard layout is defined as below:


Russian Input Method

Russian ( 俄 文 ) Input Method

In this mode, the Russian characters can be inputted in the same size as the Chinese characters by using the standard IBM-PC Russian keyboard layout. The Russian characters use the GB Code, and each character is made up by two bytes.

Russian Keyboard Layout


Russian Keybaord Layout
Russian Keyboard layout

In Russian mode, the keyboard layout is defined as below:


Greek Input Method
Greek ( 希 腊 文 ) Input Method

In this mode, the Greek characters can be inputted in the same size as the Chinese characters by using the standard IBM-PC Greek keyboard layout. The Greek characters use the GB Code, and each character is made up by two bytes.

Greek Keyboard Layout


Greek Keyboard Layout

In this mode, the keyboard layout is defined as below:


English Input Method
English ( 英 文 ) Input Method

In this mode, the English or the other ASCII characters can be inputted in the same way as in the original Windows environment, and it is the only mode capable of inputting English. To switch between the English mode and the current Chinese mode (including the Russian, Greek, as well as the Japanese kana mode, which also use the GB Code), press the ALT+Leftkeys.


Open Format for Other Input Method

TwinBridge is an open-structure designed system. Most of the pupolar Chinese input methods can be appended onto TwinBridge if the data of the input method is available. Description on using these input methods are as follows.

(1) Wubi Input Method

It is necessary to have one of the following data: (a) Stone C-DOS Wubi file: WBX.COM. (b) BeiDa BD-DOS Wubi file W4.exe or (c) Chinese Star for Windows Wubi file WBX.IMF. Copy the file into the directory where the TwinBridge was installed. Make sure that the Wubi=1 entry in the TWIN.INI.ini's [Input_Method] section exist.

(2) Xinhua Input Method

Copy the file MLXHM.TAB (You can get the data through TwinBridge dealers or Computer department of Xinhua Institute of China) into the directory where the winBridge was installed. Make sure that the Xinhua=1 entry in the Twin.ini's [Input_Method] section exist.

(3) General Input Method

We call the input method that use the standard Text Format file for input dictionary as General Input Method. Please see other material for detail.


Chinese Tool Programs

The TwinBridge Chinese system provides five Chinese Tool programs to control the Chinese environment.  This chapter will discuss in details about the functions and usage of these tools.

Configuration Program

Code Conversion Program

Space Conversion Program

MetaUtility Program

Font Editor Program

Note: All the TwinBridge Utility use the System Internal Code when the utility starts. If you change the System Internal Code after a certain utility has been started, you should restart the application again to prevent the Chinese display error.


TwinBridge Configuration Program

This program is used to setup the TwinBridge Chinese environment.  Double Click the TwinBridge Configuration program icon to start it.

In the configuration dialog:

The "Startup Mode" group provides three different options on how to start the TwinBridge system.  Please see chapter 3 for details on these modes.

The "Chinese Option" group includes two options which determine your Chinese environment is operated under Traditional (Taiwan, Hong Kong, etc.) or Simplified (China, Singapore, etc.) mode.

(i) Selecting the "Simplified" option will set the TwinBridge system internal code to GB code standard, system font set to simplified, default font set to simplified Song type, and Chinese system font set to simplified type.

(ii) Selecting the "Traditional" option will set TwinBridge Chinese system in operation under traditional environment.  The internal code can be GB code or Big5 code.  When click on the "Save & Exit" button, you will see the a Code selecting dialog: Select "Yes" to use Big5 code or "No" to use GB code.  For previous TwinBridge version users, please select "No" to use GB code as internal code to be able to retrieve old documents.

Users are able to change internal code anytime using the tool bar option.  Please refer to chapter 3 for detail.

The "Chinese TrueType Font" option provides two choices "Load with Windows" and "Load at TwinBridge Start."

(1) 	When user selects "Load with Windows", Chinese TrueType fonts will be loaded all the time even when TwinBridge is not running.  User will not be able to see Chinese when TwinBridge is not running.

(2) 	When user selects "Load at TwinBridge Start," Chinese TrueType fonts will be loaded by TwinBridge at the starting time.  When TwinBridge is not running, users will not see Chinese fonts in the font list.  Selecting this option will increase the time for TwinBridge to load and exit.

The default value for "TrueType Threshold" option is 256.  When using high resolution (i.e. 1280x1024) monitor to display large Chinese characters (i.e. 150pt), sometimes Chinese character is not displaying, instead a bar or code is displayed.  User can increase this number to 300 to correct this problem.  The maximum number is 450.

The "Prompt Line Position" determines the position of Chinese prompt when TwinBridge starts.  The default position is 0 which is at the bottom of the screen.  Each increment move the prompt line one line up.  Since the bottom of screen sometimes shows important information, user can use this function to move the prompt line to uncover the bottom line portion of the screen.

The "Windows Wallpaper" group provides a choice of either loading the Twin Bridge wallpaper or to keep the Windows' original settings.

The settings are effective only after TwinBridge is restarted.


Internal Code Conversion Tool

The internal code adopted by TwinBridge is based on the GB Code or the BIG5 code (depend on the version) plus its own extension.  The GB Code is the standard code used in China, and the BIG5 Code is mostly adopted in Taiwan.  There are also other types of internal code being used in the Mainland China and Taiwan, such as the 55550 Code, etc.  TwinBridge offers an utility that permits the data transfer between Chinese software using the GB and the BIG5 internal code standards.

Note: Since Windows applications may use their own file formats, all the files mentioned in this section are text files, which do not  include the special format code defined by the applications.  Also, the conversion utility only reads and saves text files.

Since TwinBridge has its own extension on the GB Code and the BIG5 code, therefore, when reading the TwinBridge text file in another Chinese software,  certain Chinese characters might be missing.  In this case, the missing characters must be re-entered through the other Chinese software.  The same situation will occur for other Chinese software that also have their own extension on the GB Code or the BIG5 code.

USAGE:

Run the Code Conversion program under the Chinese tool program.

Type in a source file name or select one from the file directory.  Place the object file name on the upper prompt line, making sure that the source and the object files have different names.  Then, select the corresponding file conversion options as follows:

(1) 	When converting from a GB Code file to the BIG5 code standard, mark the option "GB Code to BIG5" under the Conversion Format box.

(2) 	Conversely, when converting a file in the BIG5 code to the GB Code standard, select the other option "BIG5 to GB Code" under the Conversion Format box.

After entering the source and the object file name along with the correct selection of the Conversion Format, click the "Convert" button to start the conversion process.  The program will then prompt a message indicating whether the process has been completed successfully.


Space Character Convert Tool

Most of  the English word processing applications for Windows offer the auto-wrap function.  When Chinese characters are entered, the system has the ability to word-wrap lines that go beyond the length of the right fixed margin.  Since each Chinese character uses double-byte internal code, users will often encounter the situation where the last byte of the line is occupied by only half of a Chinese character.  The other half is then wrapped to the beginning of the next line.  This makes the character non-displayable.  To avoid this problem, simply activate the TwinBridge automatic Space Padding function.  This function will automatically add a blank space after each Chinese character been entered.  This will prevent any characters from being split in the middle.  Also, the space padding function will make the document look more naturally because the padded space is designed to be narrower than a regular character, which is 1/4 of the size.(See Chapter 5 on Editing Chinese Characters for more details.)  However, if the TwinBridge files are opened in other Chinese software, the padded space will be displayed with a much wider space in between each Chinese character which will appear awkward.  In this case, the blank space needs to be deleted after each character.

The Space Conversion program is designed to insert or delete spaces in the Text File.

Usage:

Run the space insertion/deletion utility under the Chinese Tool Group. In the conversion dialog:

Enter a source file name by typing or selecting from the file directory.  Place the object file name on the upper prompt line, making sure that the source and the object files have different names.  Then, select the corresponding file conversion option as follows:

(1) If reading a text file into TwinBridge that was created in another Chinese program, select the "Insert Space" option.

(2) If reading a text file created by TwinBridge into other Chinese software, select the "Delete Space" option under the Conversion Type box.

After entering the source and the object file name along with the correct selection of the Conversion Format, click the "Convert" button to start the conversion process.  The program will then prompt a message indicating whether the process has been completed successfully.


Font Meta Utility

This utility is available for the Outline Font Version only.  Meta utility is capable of exporting Chinese characters' data into the Clipboard or a file in Windows Graphics Format(WMF).  Users may import these data into any graphics software, such as the CorelDRAW or the AutoCAD, etc. to enable Chinese character processing with or without TwinBridge.

Please follow the instructions below for usage:

1. 	Type in the Chinese characters being exported to other applications.

2. 	Select the Font type used for the characters.

3. 	Click on the Format button to set the output format.

4.	Select the output destination.  Chinese characters data can be sent to either the Clipboard or save it to a file.

5.	Click on the Convert button to start the conversion process.

6.	When the Conversion Complete message appears, go to your graphics software application, such as CorelDRAW, and select the Edit|Paste option to get the Chinese output.

You can change the text output format through click Format button. In the Format Dialog:

[Text Path]	 Select the orientation for the text.  The character output can either be in the Horizontal, the Vertical or the Input Angle format.

[Character Size] 	Determines the output size of the Chinese character.  Since the output data of Chinese character can be scaled to any size, this option is only useful when the output is too small to scale.

[Text Path Angle]	Used only when the Input Angle under the Text Path is selected.

[Line Space]	Used for adjusting the space between lines, and the Char Space is used for adjusting the space between each character.  Each adjustment is made according to the character size itself (The percentages selected for the Line Space and the Char Space resemble the fraction size of a character.  A full character size is equivalent to 100%. For example, 25% equals 1/4 of a character size, 50% equals to 1/2 of a character size, and so forth.)

[English output option]	There are three selections which it controls the English character included in the sentence.  When "Omit Space" is selected, all space character are not output.  All Chinese and English characters will be output.  When "Omit English" is selected, only Chinese characters will be output, all English characters and spaces will be omitted.  When "Output All" is selected, all entry will be output.

After all selections are made, click on the OK button to complete the format setting and to get back to the main window  .

Note: Since it can be very time consuming to convert a large quantity of Chinese characters at one time, please convert only a few lines of characters at a time.

Generally speaking, when importing the Chinese Meta Data in graphic applications, the characters(graphics) need to be Grouped as one object.  However, in CorelDRAW, if the 3D or other advanced graphics effects are to be applied to the characters, Ungroup the characters first, then Combining them.

The followings are a few samples of Chinese characters being converted by the Chinese MetaUtility then printed in Windows Write.

Note: After the conversion is made, the characters are in Windows graphics format and the files that contain these characters can be accessed without the use of TwinBridge.


Font Editor Tool

With over 60,000 characters found in a standard Chinese dictionary,  approximately 7,000 of them are required in writing a book or for normal conversation use, and as few as 3,000 characters are needed for average  newspaper publishing.

Due to computer performance limitations, all Chinese software products only process a subset of those most frequently used Chinese characters, which are defined by an internal code.  The two most widely adopted internal codes for Chinese characters are the GB Code and the BIG5 Code.  Each includes its own subset of  Chinese characters, with the BIG5 Code containing a larger volume of character selections than the GB Code.  This gives an explanation to the input and display malfunctions encountered when characters that were edited by the BIG5 Code are mapped to software using the GB Code standard, such as TwinBridge.  Therefore, we have developed a very handy tool for TwinBridge called the Font Editor to remove this shortcoming.  This program is designed to give users an opportunity to create Chinese characters that are not included in the original subset, or to redesign any existing characters in TwinBridge.

The program can only be used to design the Chinese TrueType fonts library. It can not be applied on the bitmap version of TwinBridge.  To learn how to use this program, please refer to the Font Editor Tool Manual for details.


Tutorial - An Example

This chapter provides instructions and illustrations necessary to compose a simple Chinese document from scratch in order to familiarize the user with  the TwinBridge Chinese System.

Start TwinBridge

Enter TwinBridge Group, double click TwinBridge System Icon to start TwinBridge. See Using TwinBridge

Building Your First Chinese Document

After successfully installing the TwinBridge Chinese System and understanding the basic functions of Windows, it is time to try the new TwinBridge environment.

First, select a Windows application that to work with, such as Write, and enter the application program.  Now you are ready to start working on a Chinese document.  As you proceed through the following sections, you will gain a basic understanding of the necessary steps to successfully complete a simple Chinese document.

Select an application by double-clicking its icon and start the application.

Selecting Your Printer

After selecting an application and have started it, it is important to note whether the printer was set up correctly in order to select a Chinese font for inputting Chinese characters.  To check, click Print Setup... in the pull-down menu under File.

Then, check to see if a default printer has been selected.  If the default printer is  correct, then check to see if it meets the requirements.  Then, click the Option... button.

Different printers have different Option dialogs. The most important thing is to mark the Print TrueType as Graphics option at the lower right hand corner, this ensures the Chinese fonts will be  available for selection.  If using a printer other than the default, please choose the desire one  under the Specific Printer item and then go to the Option dialog.  Make changes on any items if necessary, and again, the main thing is to mark the Enable TrueType Fonts box in order to be able to select a Chinese font for this document Click OK until you are back to the original application screen.

Note:  Some printers might call TrueType Font as Raster Font.

Selecting Font and Input Method

Under the application, in this case Write, select Character on the menu bar at the top of the screen, then, then click Fonts on the pull-down menu. See TwinBridge Font

This enables you to enter the font selection dialog where you are allowed to choose the type of font, font style, and the font size for your document (select Chinese font for Chinese or English characters, English font for English characters).  Use the Up and Down arrow keys or click on the scroll bar to scroll for more selections.  After all the choices have been made, click the OK button at the upper right hand corner to go back to the original application program window.

The last step needed before you may start typing your document is selecting an input method. Use the Alt+Up (Down)  keys (Alt and Up, or Alt and Down) to switch around the input methods, or to hit the Alt+Ctrl+Shift+space keys to bring up the Chinese input Dialog to select an input method from the list. Use the Alt + Left  keys (Alt and Left keys) to toggle between the English and your current Chinese input method.

Typing your first Chinese line

Now it is the time to start typing some Chinese. TwinBridge has more than five input methods for inputting Chinese. In this example, you will try to use the two most popular one that is used in China (PinYin method) and Taiwan (ZhuYin method). See Input Method

First, select the font and size. Refer to the previous section on how to select fonts (here we will use Chn FMing S5 at size 24).

Next, select the PinYin ( 拼 音  ) input method, then type the letter "s". You will see some Chinese characters displayed in the Chinese Prompt Line area immediately (please refer to Chapter 5 for details on how to bring up Chinese characters). Following the letter "s", type in "huang". You will  be presented with  different sets of Chinese characters under the Prompt Line as you input each letters one by one.  After entering  "shuang" completely, you will get the  several Chinese at the Prompt Line  area.

We want the word "双 ",  But since we want to enter the word "TwinBridge" all at once, we will not select it yet. Follow word "shuang" with the letter "q". You will get a collection of phrases.

Select the phrase " 双 桥 " by pressing the "F1" key or the "1" key.  The phrase should appear in the Write window.

Note: The order of the phrases will be sorted automatically by the system with the word chosen most recently being placed first on the page.  Therefore, your screen might not appear the same as shown above.

Saving Your File

When you are finished with your input, be sure to save the file by selecting File on the Menu Bar and click Save on the pull-down menu.

Name the file by typing it under File Name: (press the Alt and Left keys to switch back to the English input mode.  File names can only be saved in English).  You are allowed to use a maximum of 8 characters. Click the OK button and your file will be saved. Note that the first time you save the file it will call up the Save As dialog. The next time you click Save, it will automatically save the file without showing the dialog.

Printing Your Document

After you have saved your file, you are ready print your document.  First select File on the menu bar, then click Print... on the pull down menu

On the Print dialog, you have the option to choose which pages are to be printed. First, mark All if all the pages of your document are to be printed out under the Print Range section. If you want only certain pages to be printed, mark Pages and specify the page numbers you wish to print. Then, enter the number of copies you want printed.  Finally, click the OK button at the upper right hand corner and your printing will be in process.