CBM 95-4 Telemedicine: Past, Present, Future January 1966 through March 1995 1634 Citations Prepared by Kristine M. Scannell, M.S.L.S., National Library of Medicine Douglas A. Perednia, M.D., Oregon Health Sciences University Henry M. Kissman, Ph.D. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine Reference Section 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20894 1995 National Library of Medicine Cataloging in Publication Scannell, Kristine Telemedicine: past, present, future : January 1966 through March 1995 : 1634 citations / prepared by Kristine Scannell, Douglas A. Perednia, Henry M. Kissman. -- Bethesda, Md. (8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda 20894) : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section ; Pittsburgh, PA : Sold by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1995. -- (Current bibliographies in medicine ; 95-4) Available from NLM at no cost through Internet FTP. 1. Telemedicine - bibliography 2. Telecommunications - bibliography I. Perednia, Douglas A. II. Kissman, Henry M. III. National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Reference Section IV. Title V. Series 02NLM: ZW 1 N272 no.95-4 SERIES NOTE Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) is a continuation in part of the National Library of Medicine's Literature Search Series, which ceased in 1987 with No. 87-15. In 1989 it also subsumed the Specialized Bibliography Series. Each bibliography in the new series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE, AVLINE, BIOETHICSLINE, CANCERLIT, CATLINE, HEALTH, POPLINE and TOXLINE. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered. Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to: Karen Patrias, Editor Current Bibliographies in Medicine Reference Section National Library of Medicine Bethesda, MD 20894 Phone: 301-496-6097 Fax: 301-402-1384 Internet: patrias@nlm.nih.gov Ordering Information: Current Bibliographies in Medicine is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. To order the entire CBM series for calendar year 1995 (approximately 10 bibliographies), send $47.00 ($58.75 foreign) to the Superintendent of Documents citing GPO List ID: CBM94. For your convenience an order blank is given inside the back cover. Orders for individual bibliographies in the series ($4.75, $5.94 foreign) should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents citing the title, CBM number, and the GPO List ID given above. Internet Access: The Current Bibliographies in Medicine series is also available at no cost to anyone with Internet access through FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP to nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov and login as anonymous. The index file in the "bibs" directory provides information on the bibliographies available. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget through September 30, 1995. TELEMEDICINE: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE Telemedicine is the use of telecommunications for medical diagnosis and patient care. It involves the use of telecommunications technology as a medium for the provision of medical services to sites that are at a distance from the provider. The concept encompasses everything from the use of standard telephone service through high speed, wide bandwidth transmission of digitized signals in conjunction with computers, fiber optics, satellites, and other sophisticated peripheral equipment and software. Telemedicine can be divided into three areas: aids to decision-making, remote sensing, and collaborative arrangements for the real-time management of patients at a distance. As an aid to decision-making, telemedicine includes areas such as remote expert systems that contribute to patient diagnosis or the use of online databases in the actual practice of medicine. This aspect of telemedicine is the oldest in concept. Remote sensing consists of the transmittal of patient information, such as electrocardiographic signals, x-rays, or patient records, from a remote site to a collaborator in a distant site. It can also include transmittal of grand rounds for medical education purposes or teleconferences for continuing education. Collaborative arrangements consist of using technology to actually allow one practitioner to observe and discuss symptoms with another practitioner whose patients are far away. This raises important issues of referral and payment arrangements, staff credentialing, liability, and licensure potentially crossing state lines. Two-way work stations which provide smooth digital motion pictures have been integral to the long distance, real-time treatment of patients. As new technology is found, collaborative arrangements are the future of telemedicine. The concept of telemedicine is not new. Articles on telemedicine projects can be found in the literature over the past twenty-five to thirty years. To gain an historical perspective, this bibliography covers the literature on all three aspects of telemedicine described above going back to 1966 and written in the English language. Each of the three areas are limited to aspects of medical diagnosis, patient care, and education. It includes human as well as veterinary medicine, and includes the technical aspects as well as the clinical concerns. Areas of patient record storage or shared hospital and computer resources are not addressed since they do not relate directly to patient care. Several related issues such as the Unified Medical Language System, Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems, and communications technology infrastructures, are addressed but only as they relate to telemedicine. Arrangement is by subject, and items may appear in more than one category. Within each category, arrangement is alphabetical by author. The compilers would like to thank Lori Klein and the other members of the Reference Section and National Information Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology at the National Library of Medicine for editorial and production assistance. SEARCH STRATEGY A variety of online databases are usually searched in preparing bibliographies in the CBM series. To assist you in updating or otherwise manipulating the material in this search, the strategy used for the NLM's MEDLINE database is given below. Please note that the search strategies presented here differ from individual demand searches in that they are generally broadly formulated and irrelevant citations edited out prior to printing. SAVESEARCH SS 1 = TELEMEDICINE SS 2 = TELECOMMUNICATIONS SS 3 = COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS SS 4 = REGIONAL MEDICAL PROGRAMS SS 5= (TW)TELEMEDICINE OR ALL TELEPATHOLOG: OR ALL TELERADIOLOG: OR ALL TELEMICROSCOP: OR TELEPSYCHIATR: OR TELEHYGIENE OR ALL TELETHERMOGR: OR ALL TELEPRESENCE# OR ALL TELEELECTROCARDIOGR: SS 6 = (TW)TELEDIAGNOSIS OR TELENUCLEAR OR ALL TELEDERMATOLOG: OR ALL TELEOPERATION# OR TELECARE SS 7 = (TW)VIRTUAL AND SURGERY SS 8 = TS (TI) :VIRTUAL SURGERY: OR :VIRTUAL SURGERY: (AB) SS 9 = (TW)REAL AND TIME AND PATIENT AND MANAGEMENT SS 10 = TS (TI) :REAL TIME PATIENT MANAGEMENT: OR :REAL TIME PATIENT MANAGEMENT: (AB) SS 11 = (TW)SHARED AND PATIENT AND DATA SS 12 = 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 8 OR 10 OR 11 SS 13 = FINISHED SEARCHNAME? = SEARCH#1 ERASEALL SAVESEARCH SS 1 = (TW)TELEROBOTICS OR TELEMATICS OR ALL TELECONSULTATION# OR TELEMONITORING OR TELEMANAGEMENT OR MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS(MH) OR COMPUTER SIMULATIONS(MH) SS 2 = (TW)TELEVISION OR ALL DATAGLOVE# OR ROBOTICS OR ALL TELETRANSMISSION# OR ALL TELECONFERENC: OR ALL AUDIOCONFERENC: OR ALL AUDIOTELECONFERENC: OR ALL VIDEOCONFERENC: OR ALL VIDEOTELECONFERENC: OR INTERNET OR MOSAIC OR ALL GOPHER# OR HPCC OR ALL HOLOGRAPH: SS 3= (TW)VIRTUAL AND REALITY SS 4 = TS (TI) :VIRTUAL REALITY: OR :VIRTUAL REALITY: (AB) SS 5 = (TW)DISTANCE AND LEARNING SS 6 = TS (TI) :DISTANCE LEARNING: OR :DISTANCE LEARNING: (AB) SS 7 = (TW)WORLD AND WIDE AND WEB SS 8 = (TW)HUMAN AND INTERFACE AND TECHNOLOGY SS 9 = TS (TI) :HUMAN INTERFACE TECHNOLGY: OR :HUMAN INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY: (AB) SS 10 = (TW)ELECTRONIC AND ALL INTERFACE# SS 11 = TS (TI) :ELECTRONIC INTERFACE: OR :ELECTRONIC INTERFACE: (AB) SS 12 = (TW)REMOTE AND ALL CONSULTATION# SS 13 = TS (TI) :REMOTE CONSULTATION: OR :REMOTE CONSULTATION: (AB) SS 14 = (TW)ALL DIGIT: AND ALL IMAG: SS 15 = SENS (TI) :DIGIT:IMAG: OR :DIGIT:IMAG: (AB) SS 16= (TW)HIGH AND PERFORMANCE AND COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS SS 17 = 1 OR 2 OR 4 OR 6 OR 7 OR 9 OR 11 OR 13 OR 15 OR 16 SS 18 = 17 AND DIAGNOSTIC(TW) OR 17 AND DIAGNOSIS(TW) OR 17 AND SURGERY(TW) OR 17 AND SURGICAL(TW) OR 17 AND ALL RADIOLOG: OR 17 AND ALL PATHOLOG: SS 19 = 17 AND DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE OR 17 AND PATIENT CARE PLANNING OR 17 AND PHYSICIAN PRACTICE PATTERNS OR 17 AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OR 17 AND PROBLEM SOLVING OR 17 AND PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS SS 20 = 17 AND ALL TREATMENT# OR 17 AND EDUCATION(MHF) SS 21 = 18 OR 19 OR 20 SS 22 = FINISHED SEARCHNAME? = SEARCH#2 ERASEALL SAVESEARCH SS 1 = EXP ONLINE SYSTEMS OR EXP INFORMATION STORAGE A#D RETRIEVAL SS 2 = DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE OR PATIENT CARE PLANNING OR PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS OR PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OR PHYSICIAN PRACTICE PATTERNS OR PROBLEM SOLVING OR HEALTH PERSONNEL (PX) SS 3 = EXP ONLINE SYSTEMS/UT SS 4 = 1 AND 2 OR 3 SS 5 = FINISHED SEARCHNAME?= SAVE SEARCH#3 ERASEALL SS 1 = SEARCH#1(SN) OR SEARCH#2(SN) OR SEARCH#3(SN) GRATEFUL MED To make online searching easier and more efficient, the Library offers GRATEFUL MED, microcomputer-based software that provides a user-friendly interface to most NLM databases. This software was specifically developed for health professionals and features multiple choice menus and "fill in the blank" screens for easy search preparation. GRATEFUL MED runs on an IBM PC (or IBM-compatible) with DOS 2.0 or a Macintosh, and requires a Hayes (or Hayes-compatible) modem. It may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service in Springfield, Virginia, for $29.95 (plus $3.00 per order for shipping). For your convenience, an order blank has been enclosed at the back of this bibliography. SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliographic series are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus*. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation. Note also that a colon (:) may appear within an author's name or article title. The NLM computer system automatically inserts this symbol in the place of a diacritical mark. Journal Article: Authors Article Title Perednia DA, Allen A. Telemedicine technology and clinical applications. JAMA 1995 Feb 8;273(6):483-8. Journal Title Date Volume Issue Pages Monograph: Authors/Editors Title Grigsby J, editor. Analysis of expansion of access to care through use of telemedicineand mobile health services. Denver: Center for Health Policy Research; 1994. 4 vols. Date Total No. Place of Publisher of Pages/Vols. Publication *For details of the formats used for references, see the following publication: Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030. TABLE OF CONTENTS Telemedicine Applications Named Projects Military Projects Home Health Care General Applications Telemedicine in Education Medical Education Allied Health Education Continuing Education Other Educational Applications Information Collection & Databases in Relationship to Patient Care Telecommunication Systems & Networks Standards Information Systems Internet & High Performance Computing & Communications General Applications Equipment & Technology General Teleradiology Telepathology Telepsychiatry Teledermatology Legal & Privacy Issues Financial & Business Issues Grant Programs, Awards, & Funding Future Trends Other TELEMEDICINE APPLICATIONS Named Projects Akselsen S, Eidsvik AK, Folkow T. ISDN: new possibilities for telemedicine. Telektronikk 1993;89(1):64-71. Allen A, Cox R, Thomas C. Telemedicine in Kansas. Kans Med 1992 Dec;93(12):323-5. American Indian Telecommunications Satellite Demonstration Project. Summary report. Houston (TX): Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; 1979 May. 46 p. Available from: ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, Rockville MD; ED173012. Sponsored by the All Indian Pueblo Council, Albuquerque (NM); Department of the Interior; National Aeronautics and Space Administration. An analysis of cardiac care unit experiences. The Virginia Regional Medical Program's cardiac unit study group. Va Med Mon 1975 Mar;102(3):205-13. Anderson J, Sanders J. Developing Georgia's telemedicine network. Healthc Inform 1993 May;10(5):66, 68. Andrus WS, Bird KT, Krainin S. An evaluation of the teleconsultation system elements. Report for 1970 Mar-1975 Jun. Boston: Massachusetts General Hospital; 1975 Jun. Contract No.: EMI-74C-011-03. 110 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB-242 584. ATM aids neurosurgeons. Provides ATM premises switches to VA Neurological Institute. Commun Week Int 1994 Apr 11:11. Au G, Ching KK, Kunihiko H. The development of telework in the health care industries. In: Nunamaker JF Jr, Sprague RH Jr, editors. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; 1995 Jan 3-6; Wailea, HI. Los Alamitos (CA): IEEE Comput. Soc. Press; 1995. p. 456-65. Bailes JE. Neurolink: a neurosurgical wide-area computer network. Neurosurgery 1994 Oct;35(4):732-6. Bashshur RL. Technology serves the people: the story of a co-operative telemedicine project by NASA, the Indian Health Service and the Papago people. Washington (DC): National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 1980. 115 p. Available from: US GPO, Washington, DC; 017-028-00009-0. Bashshur RL, Armstrong PA. Telemedicine: a new mode for the delivery of health care. Inquiry 1976 Sep;13(3):233-44. Bashshur RL, Armstrong PA, Hayward S, Aldridge G, Fidel S. Rural health care and telemedicine: a study of a rural health care system and interactive television. Vol. 1, Project summary; interim report. Ann Arbor (MI): Michigan University, Dept. of Medical Care Organization; 1975 Jun. 242 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB81-204273. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Bashshur RL, Armstrong PA, Saphire-Bernstein I, Lovett J, Whittaker B. Rural health and telemedicine: a study of a rural health care system and interactive television. Final report. Ann Arbor (MI): Michigan University, Dept. of Medical Care Organization; 1976. 300 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB-264 544/8. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Bashshur RL, Lovett J. Assessment of telemedicine: results of the initial experience. Aviat Space Environ Med 1977 Jan;48(1):65-70. Bast D, Schmidt J, editors. 2nd annual reader: Northern Wisconsin Symposium on Human Services in the Rural Environment; 1976 Oct 7-8; Cable, WI. Milwaukee (WI): Center for Social Service; 1977. Available from: ERIC Processing and Reference Center, Rockville, MD; ED148529. Baxter WE. 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