$Unique_ID{bob00244} $Pretitle{} $Title{Indonesia Transportation and Communications} $Subtitle{} $Author{Department of Information Republic of Indonesia} $Affiliation{Embassy of Indonesia, Washington DC} $Subject{development transport services number shipping capacity offices post ships tons see pictures see figures see tables } $Date{1990} $Log{See Table 23.*0024401.tab See Table 24.*0024402.tab } Title: Indonesia Book: Indonesia 1990 an Official Handbook Author: Department of Information Republic of Indonesia Affiliation: Embassy of Indonesia, Washington DC Date: 1990 Transportation and Communications Development in the transport and communication sector during the Fourth Five-Year Development (1984/85-1988/89) covers the development of land transport and its infrastructure, air and sea transport; postal dan giro services; as well as telecommunication, meteorological and geophysics services. It was carried out and directed not only to expand and smoothen the flow of goods and services but also to improve the distribution and marketing system of commodities all over the country while at the same time stimulate a well-balanced development among the regions. ROADS The development of roads covered the national and provincial road networks, as well as those in the cities and districts. The development in this field was directed to the rehabilitation and maintenance of the existing roads and bridges as well as the construction of new ones. The total length of the artery and collecting road networks being in good condition in 1983/84 was 14,515 km; it increased to 27,480 km in 1988/89. The total length of these road networks that were not in good condition decreased from 23,758 km in 1983/84 to 17,072 km in 1988/89, while those in bad and critical condition also declined. To accelerate the construction of bridges, pre-fabricated concrete bridges factories had been set up a Beureuneun in Aceh, Baai island in Bengkulu, Buntu in Central Java and Poso in Central Sulawesi. In 1988/89 rehabilitation and maintenance work had been accomplished on 29,573 km of roads, 16,857 m of bridges. Work was also done for enforcement of roads totalling 17,813 km, bridges totalling 9,686 m, and upgrading of 3,424 km of roads. A total length of 11,820 m bridges were built to replace the old ones while 165 km of new roads, 68 km of motorways and 823 m of new bridges had been constructed. Meanwhile, a total of 14,150 km of roads and 64,729 m of bridges in second level regions had undergone reinforcement. ROAD TRANSPORT By the end of 1988/1989 fiscal year the total number of road vehicles consisting of buses, trucks, passenger cars and motorcycles was 9,674,246 units and during the Fourth Five-Year Development the average increase was 10.49% per annum. Transportation in the cities is managed by private firms, cooperatives and state-owned corporations. Pioneer road transport aimed at stimulating the development of public transport particularly in potential as well as remote areas had also been encouraged. At present there are two state-owned corporations, namely Perum PPD and Perum DAMRI, providing public transportation services in the cities. Perum PPD has 2,716 units of buses in operation and Perum DAMRI operates 1,129 units, particularly in the provinces' capitals. Perum DAMRI is also operating 60 units of buses at Soekarno Hatta airport (Jakarta) and 10 units at Juanda airport (Surabaya) to provide shuttle service to and from these airports. For the development of the pioneer road transportation, until fiscal year 1988/89 170 buses had been set for operation. The development of the road transport has helped create integrated, safe, smoother and efficient road transport services which in turn increase the development activities. RAILWAYS Development of railway transport is aimed particularly at continuing the rehabilitation and upgrading of the infrastructure and the improvement of railway services to meet the ever increasing demand. The targets achieved in the development of railway transport during REPELITA IV covered the rehabilitation and upgrading of railtracks with the total length of 1,647.7 km, rehabilitation of 4,316 coaches, 241 diesel locomotives, 211 steel bridges and the construction of a container terminal at Gedebage in West Java. To encourage the use of domestic products, 128 domestically-made passenger coaches and 1,026 carriages had been assembled. The use of passengers railway services increases from year to year with an average of 2.08% annually. In 1983/84 the number of people using railway transport services was recorded at 47,430,000 and in 1988/89 the number increased to 52,518,000. The amount of freight using the railway transport services increases by 16.35% annually. In 1983/84 5,400,000 tons of freight was shipped by train and it increased to 11,416,000 tons in 1988/89. RIVER, LAKE AND FERRY TRANSPORTS The promotion of river, lake and ferry transport facilities are carried out through the development of the vessels, improvement of terminals and quays, construction of river and sea buoys and the clearing and dredging of waterways. Until the fifth year of the Fourth Five-Year Development Plan 5 ferries, 1 river vessel and 1 lake vessel have been built, while 7 ferry quays, 3 river quays and 2 river terminals were constructed. A number of 31 ferries, 14 ferry quays, 6 river quays and 7 lake quays had undergone rehabilitation. As the result of development the transportation of passengers, goods and vehicles which in 1983/84 were 18,005 thousand, 4,753 thousand tons and 1,585 thousand units respectively, increased to 41,560 thousand passengers, 10,741 thousand tons of goods and 3,067 thousand units of vehicles in 1988/89. SEA TRANSPORT The development of sea transport is with the aim to smoothen the flow of goods in and out of the country. Rehabilitation, replacement and improvement have been carried out on the available capacity of means and infrastructure such as the vessels, harbor facilities, the dredging of waterways, the safety of shipping, harbor administration, marine communication and coastguard facilities. SHIPPING The development of shipping covers the inter-island, local, traditional, pioneer, ocean-going and special shipping. All of these shippings are integratedly directed to fulfill the demand of sea transport. Since the First Five-Year Development Plan until the Fourth Five-Year Development Plan the operation of the domestic shipping fleets were regulated in a route system. However, starting from November 21, 1988 by virtue of the Government Regulation No. 17/1988 concerning sea transport, the decision concerning operation routes are fully in the hands of the shipping companies. INTER-ISLAND SHIPPING To improve the provision of cargo capacity of the ships, the policy of scrapping the old ships had been undertaken since 1983/84 until 1986/87. During that period 205 old ships with a capacity of 251,846 DWT were scrapped. Following Government Regulation No. 17/1988 or commonly known as November 21 Package, shipping companies had undertaken efforts to increase the cargo capacity. In 1988/89 274 ships were put in operation and the capacity increased to 503,490 DWT. There were 9,294,697 tons of goods transported but the productivity has decreased to 20.8 tons/DWT/year. In 1989 a new ship had been set into operation, increasing the whole capacity to 17,902 DWT and 31 ports of call in 21 provinces. LOCAL SHIPPING During 1983/84-1987/88 productivity of the local shipping decreased, however, in 1988/89 following the November 21 Package, it increased to 21 tons/BRT/year and 3,265,700 tons of goods were transported which is an increase by 11.9% of the previous year. Meanwhile, the number of ships and its capacity declined to 1,018 ships and 151,896 BRT. TRADITIONAL SHIPPING Sea transportation to remote areas is operated by traditional shipping and it is particularly directed to provide means of transportation for products that are relatively limited in amount and not worth the cost when transported by local shipping. Traditional shipping is generally managed and owned by economically weak entrepreneurs so the government provide technical aid in the construction of prototype and motorized vessels. As the result of the aid the number of ships and capacity of the fleet increased while the freight decreased. In 1988/89 the total number of ships was 3,740 with a capacity of 199,384 BRT, while the freight decreased by 1.8% of that of the previous year weighing 2,950,500 tons. PIONEER SHIPPING Pioneer shipping has been developed since 1974. In 1988/89 the number of ships, lines and seaports in operation showed a decline. The number of ships operating in 1988/89 reached 16 units with 16 regular lines calling at 152 seaports. The number of passengers totalled 211,691, whereas the total amount of freight reached 31,100 tons. OCEAN-GOING SHIPPING The ocean-going shipping is aimed at improving the international sea transport services and providing sea transport services for Indonesia's export commodities in particular. In addition, it is used as means of transportation of the government's imported goods as regulated in Presidential decision No. 18/1982 stating that government's goods which need to be imported from abroad are to be shipped on national vessels. The number of ships operating in 1988/89 was as many as that of the previous year which totalled 35 ships with a capacity of 446,980 DWT. However, the freight increased to 17,887,500 tons with a fleet capacity of 39.9 DWT/year. SPECIAL SHIPPING Special shipping is to serve the transportation of agricultural produce, mining and industrial products. The capacity of the fleet had changed due to the scrapping of the old ships and the addition of new ones. In 1987/88 the number of ships in operation was 2,954 units with freight weighing 65,468,000 tons and in 1988/89 following the November 21 Package the number of ships rose to 2,999 units with a capacity of 2,970,000 DWT and tug boats with a capacity of 562,000 HP, with 58,853,000 tons of freight. AIR TRANSPORT Efforts to rehabilitate and improve the air transport infrastructure include the improvement of air safety facilities and increase the number of aeroplanes. Thus, it is expected that the frequency of air traffic could also be increased. In the fifth year of the Fourth Five-Year Development Plan there were 797 aeroplanes put in operation with 175 scheduled flights and 622 non-scheduled flights. The total number of aircrafts includes 216 aircrafts with a capacity of over 10 tons, 379 aeroplanes of below 10 tons and 202 helicopters. In 1988/89 the total number of air-passengers was 6,679,438 and 76,486 tons of cargo. In 1988/89 passengers going on the international flights increased to 1,735,328 with 61,576 tons of air freight which also showed an increase. Beside the commercial flights, there is also a special flight to transport the Indonesian Haj Pilgrims. The total number of the Haj Pilgrims in 1983 recorded at 49,950 and in 1988 it increased to 54,410. Airports used as the embarkation and the disembarkation terminals of Haj flights are the Polonia in Medan, Halim Perdanakusumah in Jakarta, Juanda in Surabaya and Hasanudin in Ujungpandang. In addition, there is a special flight for trans-migrants which have transported 2,500 families in 1988/89. Air transport in remote areas is carried out by pioneer air transport services using DHC-6 (Twin Otter) and C-212 aircrafts. In 1983/84 the total number of passengers carried by this pioneer air transport service was 236,968 and in 1988/89 it increased to 375,494. Development of air transport includes the improvement of airports and its safety facilities. In 1983/84 there were 44 airports put in operation and at the end of the Fourth Five-Year Development Plan the total number increased to 56 airports. At the end of the Third Five-Year Development Plan the international air services covered 24 airports and in 1988/89 there were 38 airports serving international flights. This was the result of a policy which permits additional airports to become entrance gate for foreign tourists. Also more foreign air companies were given the opportunity to expand their flight network in Indonesia. In support of the tourist industry, the runways of Sam Ratulangi airport in Manado, Ngurah Rai airport in Denpasar, Frans Kaisiepo airport in Biak and Eltari airport in Kupang had been upgraded to be able to serve bigger aircrafts for long-distance flights. POSTAL AND GIRO SERVICES The policy pursued in the development of Postal and Giro Services does not differ from that of the previous year which is to expand its network so as to reach all corners of the country. The development of Postal and Giro Services is carried out through the construction of buildings for sub-post offices and auxiliary post offices in the districts and transmigration areas. For areas with no post offices, the postal and giro services are provided by mobile post offices. For big cities, when necessary, Head Post Offices and Offices for the Head of Postal Districts are constructed. During the period 1984/85 to 1988/89 242 buildings for sub-post offices, auxiliary post offices and post offices distributed in sub districts, 9 Head Post Offices, Post Offices and Offices for Head of Postal District were constructed. In the same period there were General Post Offices constructed, while 101 mobile post offices, 505 motor-cycles and 821 new post boxes were provided. In 1988/89 the government continued to build General Post Offices, sub-post offices and 10 auxiliary post offices and the first phase of a General Post Office in Palu (Central Sulawesi). At the end of 1988, 3,587 sub-districts were covered by the postal services. The Post and Giro Services handled 493.73 million letters, 1.23 million post packages, Rp 431.70 billion worth money orders, postal cheques worth Rp 4.47 trillion and postal savings worth Rp 136.20 billion as well as television contribution worth Rp 53.57 billion. TELECOMMUNICATION The quality of telecommunications services has been improved due to the development of the telecommunication network which covers the construction of automatic telephone exchanges, the enhancement of telex and telegraph services, cable network and its supporting infrastructure. Progress in the development of the telecommunications sector is shown in the following table: [See Table 23.: Capacity of Telephone and Telex, 1987/88 - 1988/89 lines] The long-distance links covered 117 locations, and followed by the improvement of local, international as well as telex links. The international communication links were available in 8 cities. In 1987/88 international communication links reached 110 countries and in 1988/89 it has expanded to 138 countries. In 1985 expansions were made with the installation of the seabed cable network connecting ASEAN countries namely between Indonesia-Singapore, Medan-Penang, Southeast Asia-Middle East-Western Europe, Australia-Indonesia-Singapore. The second International Telecommunications Central Office covering the telephone centrals and telex centrals was constructed in Medan (North Sumatra). METEOROLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS Development of Meteorology and Geophysics had been continuously carried out during the Fourth Five-Year Development. During the period 1984/85 to 1988/89 60 meteorological stations, 15 climatological stations and 27 geophysics stations had been improved and 5 new meteorological and 1 climatological stations constructed. The total number of meteorological and geophysics stations in 1988/89 did not differ from that of 1987/88, however, the capacity of the stations in data production had increased. [See Table 24.: Data Production of Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysics Stations, 1987/88 - 1988/89 pieces]