$Unique_ID{bob00201} $Pretitle{} $Title{Indonesia Statistical Profile of Indonesia} $Subtitle{} $Author{Central Intelligence Agency} $Affiliation{United States Government} $Subject{km rate indonesia billion natural total president gas indonesian kalimantan hear audio hear sound see pictures see figures } $Date{1990} $Log{Hear National Anthem*60029010.aud See Map of Indonesia*0020101.scf See Flag of Indonesia*0020102.scf } Title: Indonesia Book: CIA World Factbook Author: Central Intelligence Agency Affiliation: United States Government Date: 1990 [Hear National Anthem] [See Map of Indonesia] [See Flag of Indonesia] Statistical Profile of Indonesia Geography Total area: 1,919,440 km2; land area: 1,826,440 km2 Comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Texas Land boundaries: 2,602 km total; Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km Coastline: 54,716 km Maritime claims: (measured from claimed archipelagic baselines) Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation Extended economic zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 12 nm Disputes: East Timor question with Portugal Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains Natural resources: crude oil, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver Land use: 8% arable land; 3% permanent crops; 7% meadows and pastures; 67% forest and woodland; 15% other; includes 3% irrigated Environment: archipelago of 13,500 islands (6,000 inhabited); occasional floods, severe droughts, and tsunamis; deforestation Note: straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean People Population: 187,651,163 (July 1989), growth rate 1.9% (1989) Birth rate: 28 births/1,000 population (1989) Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1989) Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989) Infant mortality rate: 80 deaths/1,000 live births (1989) Life expectancy at birth: 57 years male, 61 years female (1989) Total fertility rate: 3.4 children born/woman (1989) Nationality: noun--Indonesian(s); adjective--Indonesian Ethnic divisions: majority of Malay stock comprising 45.0% Javanese, 14.0% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% coastal Malays, 26.0% other Religion: 88% Muslim, 6% Protestant, 3% Roman Catholic, 2% Hindu, 1% other Language: Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay; official); English and Dutch leading foreign languages; local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese Literacy: 62% Labor force: 67,000,000; 55% agriculture, 10% manufacturing, 4% construction, 3% transport and communications (1985 est.) Organized labor: 3,000,000 members (claimed); about 5% of labor force Government Long-form name: Republic of Indonesia Type: republic Capital: Jakarta Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular--propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular--daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Lampung, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur, Yogyakarta* Independence: 17 August 1945 (from Netherlands; formerly Netherlands or Dutch East Indies) Constitution: August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959 Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August (1945) Branches: executive headed by president, who is chief of state and head of Cabinet; Cabinet selected by president; unicameral legislature (DPR or House of Representatives) of 500 members (100 appointed, 400 elected); second body (MPR or People's Consultative Assembly) of 1,000 members includes the legislature and 500 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly elected); MPR elects president and vice president and theoretically determines national policy; judicial, Supreme Court is highest court Leader: Chief of State and Head of Government President Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO (since 27 March 1968); Vice President Lt. Gen. (Ret.) SUDHARMONO (since 11 March 1983) Suffrage: universal over age 18 and married persons regardless of age Elections: next parliamentary election in 1992; next presidential election in 1993 Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official party based on functional groups), Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Wahono; Indonesia Democracy Party (PDI--federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties), Soeryad (chairman) and Nicholas Daryanto (secretary general); United Development Party (UDP, federation of former Islamic parties), John Naro Voting strength: (23 April 1987 general election) Golkar 73%, UDP 16%, PDI 11% Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength about 1,000-3,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; pre-October 1965 hardcore membership about 1.5 million Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Association of Tin Producing Countries, CCC, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB--Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Abdul Rachman RAMLY; Chancery at 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20036; telephone (202) 775-5200; there are Indonesian Consulates General in Houston, New York, and Los Angeles, and Consulates in Chicago and San Francisco; US--Ambassador Paul D. WOLFOWITZ; Embassy at Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, Jakarta (mailing address is APO San Francisco 96356); telephone [62] (21) 360-360; there are US Consulates in Medan and Surabaya Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red Economy Overview: Indonesia has extensive natural wealth but, with a large and rapidly increasing population, it remains a relatively poor country. GNP growth rates during the period 1985-87 were in the 2-3% range. Estimates show that the economy must grow at a 4-5% annual rate to absorb the nearly 2 million workers annually entering the labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing, is the most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and over 50% of the labor force. The staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer, Indonesia is now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops--rubber and palm oil--are being encouraged for both export and job generation. The diverse natural resources include crude oil, natural gas, timber, metals, and coal. Of these, the oil sector dominates the external economy, generating more than 60% of the government's revenues and over 50% of export earnings in 1987. GNP: $69.0 billion, per capita $880; real growth rate 3.8% (1987) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.3% (1987) Unemployment rate: 2.95% (1988) Budget: revenues $10.5 billion; expenditures $13.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.7 billion (FY88) Exports: $16.5 billion (f.o.b., FY88); commodities--petroleum and liquefied natural gas 55%, timber 10%, coffee 6%, rubber 5% (1986); partners--Japan 45%, US 20%, Singapore 8%, EC 3% (1986) Imports: $11.2 billion (f.o.b., FY88); commodities--machinery 25%, chemical products 23%, base metals 12%, transport equipment 12%, food, beverages, and tobacco 9%, textiles 5%, paper and printed matter 3% (1986); partners--Japan 29%, US 14%, EC 13%, Singapore 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, (1986) External debt: $51.5 billion, medium and long-term debt (1988) Industrial production: growth rate 6.8% (1986) Electricity: 11,000,000 kW capacity; 36,500 million kWh produced, 200 kWh per capita (1988) Industries: petroleum, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer production, timber, food, rubber Agriculture: subsistence food production; small-holder and plantation production for export; rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, copra, other tropical products; an illegal producer of cannabis for the international drug trade Aid: NA Currency: Indonesian rupiah (plural--rupiahs); 1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) = 100 sen (sen no longer used) Exchange rates: Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1--1,735.7 (January 1989), 1,685.7 (1988), 1,643.8 (1987), 1,282.6 (1986), 1,110.6 (1985) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: 6,964 km total; 6,389 km 1.067-meter gauge, 497 km 0.750-meter gauge, 78 km 0.600-meter gauge; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; all government owned Highways: 119,500 km total; 11,812 km state, 34,180 km provincial, and 73,508 km district roads Inland waterways: 21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km Pipelines: crude oil, 2,505 km; refined products, 456 km; natural gas, 1,703 km (1989) Ports: Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Ujungpandang, Semarang, Surabaya Merchant marine: 323 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,498,454 GRT/2,264,176 DWT; includes 5 short-sea passenger, 14 passenger-cargo, 173 cargo, 5 container, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 89 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 6 specialized tanker, 24 bulk Civil air: about 70 major transport aircraft Airports: 466 total, 434 usable; 104 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 62 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: interisland microwave system and HF police net; domestic service fair, international service good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 763,000 telephones (1986); stations--618 AM, 38 FM, 9 TV; 1 international satellite ground station (1 Indian Ocean antenna and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna); 1 domestic satellite communications system Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 48,053,245; 28,416,931 fit for military service; 2,040,135 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: NA