WINDOW 3,"instructions",,16
SAVE "intro",b
WINDOW 2,"text",(150,0)-(500,185),16
PAINT(1,1),1
MENU 1,0,1,"instructions "
MENU 1,1,1,"background"
MENU 1,2,1,"instructions"
MENU 1,3,1,"scoring"
MENU 2,0,1,"hints "
MENU 2,1,1,"general"
MENU 2,2,1,"checkmate"
MENU 2,3,1,"unstop"
MENU 2,4,1,"winmaterial"
MENU 2,5,1,"queening"
MENU 2,6,1,"draw"
MENU 2,7,1,"4mover"
MENU 3,0,1,"about "
MENU 3,1,1,"about"
MENU 4,0,1,"other "
MENU 4,1,1,"chess rules
MENU 4,2,1,"time limits
MENU 4,3,1,"notation"
MENU 5,0,1,"chesstutor "
MENU 5,1,1,"tutor"

ON MENU GOSUB menus
MENU ON
ON BREAK GOSUB break2

start:
PAINT(1,1),1
COLOR 2,1
LOCATE 10,2
PRINT " For information select an item from
PRINT " the pull-down menu
PRINT " To start the program select 'tutor'
PRINT 
PRINT " To exit the program, select 'tutor' first
wait1:
GOTO wait1

menus:
m=MENU(0):m1=MENU(1)
IF m=1 THEN m1
IF m=2 THEN m2
IF m=3 THEN m3
IF m=4 THEN m4
IF m=5 THEN m5
RETURN

m1:
IF m1=1 THEN background
IF m1=2 THEN rules
IF m1=3 THEN scoring

m2:
IF m1=1 THEN hints
IF m1=2 THEN checkmate
IF m1=3 THEN unstop
IF m1=4 THEN winmaterial
IF m1=5 THEN queening
IF m1=6 THEN draw
IF m1=7 THEN 4mover

m3:
IF m1=1 THEN about

m4:
IF m1=1 THEN chessrules
IF m1=2 THEN chessclocks
IF m1=3 THEN notation

m5:
IF m1=1 THEN tutor

background:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0,0.3 ,0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 1,0
PRINT "    BACKGROUND
PRINT 
PRINT " Chess tutor is a program designed to
PRINT " introduce the novice chess player
PRINT " to some of the basics of the game.
PRINT 
PRINT " It is not a program you play against,
PRINT " like many of the microship chess
PRINT " computors now available.
PRINT " Rather,the program presents you with
PRINT " a sequence of chess positions,in which
PRINT " you are challenged to find the best
PRINT " move,as in a game.
PRINT 
PRINT " You will need to know the rules of chess
PRINT " in order to be able to use chess tutor.
PRINT " A brief outline of the rules appear
PRINT " in an appendix.
PRINT " You do not have to know chess notation
PRINT " to use the chesstutor.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " A sequence of chess positions appear
PRINT " on the screen,in the form of chess
PRINT " diagrams. These are similar to those
PRINT " found in chess books,magazines and
PRINT " chess sections of newspapers.
PRINT 
PRINT " There are approximately 1000 chess
PRINT " positions in all. These positions are 
PRINT " composed, but unlike usual composed
PRINT " positions which appear to be random
PRINT " more than anything else,the positions
PRINT " show situations which are likely to
PRINT " happen in an actual game. Therefore,
PRINT " solving these positions will help you
PRINT " cope with many real game situations.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " In chess there are 6 different kinds of 
PRINT " pieces. There can interact in many 
PRINT " different ways.
PRINT " Different ways in which the pieces
PRINT " can interact is represented by
PRINT " patterns on the chessboard. It has been
PRINT " shown that many of these patterns
PRINT " occur again and again.
PRINT " Experienced chessplayers are very
PRINT " familiar with these themes and this
PRINT " can give them an edge over less
PRINT " experienced rivals. Many of these 
PRINT " patterns occur in the positions in
PRINT " chess tutor.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1 
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

rules:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0.3, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 1,0
PRINT "    INSTRUCTIONS
PRINT 
PRINT " Chesstutor is run almost entirely by
PRINT " the mouse. When the program starts, a
PRINT " message appears asking for a selection
PRINT " of one of the pull-down menus.
PRINT " The program will not continue until
PRINT " one of them has been selected!
PRINT 
PRINT " Questions are arranged by type and
PRINT " difficulty.
PRINT 
PRINT " Checkmate-The player to move can checkmate
PRINT " in the given number of moves.
PRINT " Every move must be a check.
PRINT 
PRINT " Unstop-The player to move can force 
PRINT " checkmate in the given number of moves
PRINT " but not every move is check.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " Winmaterial-the player to move can win
PRINT " material in the given number of moves.
PRINT 
PRINT " Queening-either a pawn can reach the
PRINT " 8th rank and can be promoted OR the
PRINT " the threat of promoting a pawn can be
PRINT " used to win material.
PRINT 
PRINT " Draw-there is a drawing combination.
PRINT 
PRINT " 4mover-there is a combination in 4 moves
PRINT 
PRINT " 1mover-there is a combination in 1 move
PRINT " This section is suggested for starting
PRINT " chessplayers.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " You will then be asked what time limit
PRINT " you wish to select. The options are
PRINT " (1) 5 minutes
PRINT " (2) 15 minutes
PRINT " (3) 30 minutes
PRINT " (4) 90 minutes
PRINT " (5) 5 hours
PRINT 
PRINT " After you have selected one, the above
PRINT " 3 windows will appear on the screen.
PRINT " A chessboard will appear,black squares
PRINT " will appear as green, white squares will
PRINT " appear as orange.
PRINT
PRINT " The first position will appear on the
PRINT " screen, with different symbols
PRINT " representing different chess pieces.
PRINT " The text window will show whether it is
PRINT " white to move or black to move.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " To make your move, move the mouse arrow
PRINT " over the piece you want to move and
PRINT " click the left button once.
PRINT " The co-ordinates of the square you have
PRINT " clicked on will be displayed in the text
PRINT " window. Then click the left mouse button
PRINT " on the square you move the piece to.
PRINT " Again, the co-ordinates will be displayed
PRINT " in the text window. For more on the
PRINT " co-ordinates, read chess notation.
PRINT 
PRINT " If your answer was correct,the word
PRINT " correct will appear in the text window
PRINT " and the next position will appear on
PRINT " the screen and one will be added to your
PRINT " score. Your current score and the number
PRINT " of questions you have attempted will be
PRINT " displayed in the score window.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " If your answer was incorrect,the word
PRINT " incorrect will appear in the text window.
PRINT " You will not advance to the next position
PRINT " until you have the correct answer!
PRINT 
PRINT " If you then find the correct answer
PRINT " you will progress to the next question,
PRINT " but you will only score for that question
PRINT " if your first attempt was correct.
PRINT 
PRINT " You have the option to pass by double
PRINT " clicking on the a1 square. For those
PRINT " unfamiliar with algebraic notation 
PRINT " this is the bottom left hand square.
PRINT " This will introduce the next position
PRINT " ,but of course you will not score.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " When your time has run out, or when
PRINT " you have done all the positions a message
PRINT " will be displayed asking whether you want
PRINT " to enter your result in the Hall of Fame.
PRINT " If not, you will return to the start of
PRINT " the program.
PRINT " If yes, you enter your name, then the
PRINT " score and the question type will be
PRINT " answered.
PRINT " The hall of fame will then be displayed
PRINT " then you will be returned to the start
PRINT " of the program.
PRINT
PRINT "To leave the program select quit.
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

scoring:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0.3, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 1,0
PRINT 
PRINT " While you are solving a section of
PRINT " questions you current score will be 
PRINT " displayed in the score window. The 
PRINT " number of questions you have got correct
PRINT " on your first attempt and the total
PRINT " number of questions will be shown.
PRINT " When you have finished, a modified total
PRINT " total score will be shown. The faster
PRINT " the time limit and the more moves deep 
PRINT " the questions are, the more the weighting
PRINT " Weightings are as follows;
PRINT "    time-score*15/number of minutes chosen
PRINT "    1 move deep -score*1
PRINT "    2 moves deep-score*1.5
PRINT "    3 moves deep-score*2
PRINT "    4 moves deep-score*2.5
PRINT " Theoretically, the highest score could
PRINT " be gained with a 4mover with a 5
PRINT " minute time limit. You will tend to score
PRINT " higher with the faster time-limits.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " After finishing a section of questions 
PRINT " you will be asked if you wish to enter
PRINT " the score in the hall of fame.
PRINT " The score will only be entered if it
PRINT " is higher than the existing high score
PRINT " for that section. Only the top score
PRINT " for each section of questions will be 
PRINT " displayed. In some sections it will be
PRINT " easier to achieve a high score.
PRINT " You can use these scores as an incentive
PRINT " to improve upon your own scores.
PRINT 
PRINT " You may wish to reset all the high
PRINT " scores to zero, for example, if you
PRINT " copy the disk.
PRINT 
PRINT " Wish to reset high scores?
PRINT " Answer y and press return key to reset
PRINT " or press return key to continue.
INPUT " Answer ";a$
IF a$="y" THEN
OPEN "hall" FOR OUTPUT AS 1
FOR x=1 TO 20
PRINT #1,0
PRINT #1,""
NEXT
CLOSE
PRINT " High scores have been reset.
END IF
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

hints:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0.7, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 2,0
PRINT "    HINTS
PRINT 
PRINT " The range and type of question varies
PRINT " considerably. If you are racing against
PRINT " time it may pay to pass on some questions.
PRINT " For all categories of questions it will
PRINT " pay to examine all forcing moves,
PRINT " especially checks and captures.
PRINT " Some positions will be able to be
PRINT " solved by trial and error.
PRINT " In a few positions there will be
PRINT " more than one correct answer.
PRINT " In these cases only one correct move will 
PRINT " be the right answer!
PRINT " Questions will get much easier with 
PRINT " practice, which is the idea of chesstutor.
PRINT " In sections involving answers of more
PRINT " than 1 move deep, often there are
PRINT " the position is continued, following
PRINT " a plausible reply by the opponent.
PRINT 
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

checkmate:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0,0.7, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 2,0
PRINT 
PRINT " In the checkmate questions it is essential
PRINT " to examine all checks. It is important
PRINT " to find the best defence by the defender.
PRINT " Sometimes sacrifice of a piece will lead
PRINT " to mate.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

unstop: 
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0.7, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 2,0
PRINT 
PRINT " In the unstoppable mate questions
PRINT " you are aiming to threaten a mate that
PRINT " cannot be stopped. One or more, but not
PRINT " all your moves can be checks. Be careful
PRINT " that the opponent cannot escape the
PRINT " mate with a check.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

winmaterial:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0.7, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 2,0
PRINT 
PRINT " In the winning material questions you
PRINT " may win a piece or a pawn for nothing,
PRINT " or you may make a favourale exchange.
PRINT " To help to know whether a favourable
PRINT " exchange has been made or not the 
PRINT " following scale of values may be useful.
PRINT " These are based roughly on the average
PRINT " mobility of each type of piece.
PRINT "    pawn -1
PRINT "    knight -3
PRINT "    bishop -3
PRINT "    rook -5
PRINT "    queen -9
PRINT "    king -1000
PRINT " The value of the king can be as high as
PRINT " you like, its just that I do not have an
PRINT " infinity key on my keyboard.
PRINT " For example if you lost a bishop, but won
PRINT " a rook, you have made a gain of 2 points.
PRINT " (+5-3=2)
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " Material is often won(and lost) by one
PRINT " of the following tactical devices.
PRINT 
PRINT " Fork -2 pieces are attacked simultaneously
PRINT " If one moves away you capture the other.
PRINT 
PRINT " Pin -a piece cannot move without leaving
PRINT " the king in check or a powerful piece
PRINT " like the queen exposed. A pinned piece
PRINT " is vulnerable to attack as it cannot
PRINT " escape.
PRINT 
PRINT " Skewer -2 pieces on the same line are
PRINT " attacked. The front one moves away leaving
PRINT " the rear one exposed.
PRINT 
PRINT " Net- A piece has no safe squares to move
PRINT " to, so is vulnerable to attack. Checkmate
PRINT " is a kind of net.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " Discovery -One piece moves, opening up
PRINT " an attack by a second piece. The second
PRINT " piece must be a piece which moves along
PRINT " a line i.e.a queen, rook or bishop.
PRINT 
PRINT " Tie -A piece has the task of defending
PRINT " something, so if it moves something
PRINT " has to give, hence it is vulnerable
PRINT " to attack.
PRINT 
PRINT " There are other kinds of combinations.
PRINT " For more about combinations, it is
PRINT " suggested to read a good chess book.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

queening:
PALETTE 0, 0, 0.7, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 2,0
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " In the queening questions, either the pawn
PRINT " will be promoted outright or the threat
PRINT " of queening will win material.
PRINT " Sometimes a defender will be needed to
PRINT " be driven away or decoyed.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

draw: 
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0.7, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 2,0
PRINT 
PRINT " In the draw questions you will attempt
PRINT " to find a draw by perpetual check or
PRINT " to create stalemate. There will be a
PRINT " number of questions involving perpetual
PRINT " check followed by a number involving
PRINT "  stalemate.
PRINT
PRINT " Of course, normally you would not create
PRINT " stalemate when material ahead, but
PRINT " here the answer is not the best move.
PRINT " It is simply a way of learning
PRINT " stalemate positions.
PRINT 
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

4 mover: 
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0.7, 0
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 2,0
PRINT 
PRINT " In the 4mover you will attempt to mate
PRINT " in 4 moves. In some of the final
PRINT " questions you will win material in
PRINT " 4 moves.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

about:
CLS
PAINT(1,1),1
COLOR 2,1
PRINT 
PRINT " Copyright 1989 W.Jordan
PRINT " Chess tutor was written by 
PRINT "    William Jordan
PRINT " Australian national chess master
PRINT 
PRINT " If you enjoyed this program
PRINT " then send $20(suggested amount) to
PRINT " P.O.Box 136, Fitzroy, 3065
PRINT " I will be happy to answer any questions
PRINT " or suggestions.
PRINT 
PRINT " Other programs under construction are
PRINT " a chess database(store many games!)
PRINT " annotated master games
PRINT " and many more positions.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.  "
RETURN

chessrules:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0, 0.7
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 1,0
PRINT 
PRINT " There are many excellent begginners
PRINT " books on chess, so only a brief 
PRINT " summary will be given here.
PRINT " They will act as a revision, rather
PRINT " than being completely comphrehensive.
PRINT 
PRINT " There are 6 types of pieces, each with
PRINT " their own unique moves.
PRINT 
PRINT " Rooks move horizontally or vertically
PRINT " any number of squares.
PRINT 
PRINT " Bishops move diagonally
PRINT " any number of squares.
PRINT 
PRINT " Queens combine the moves of rooks
PRINT " and bishops.
PRINT 
PRINT " A king moves 1 square in any 
PRINT " direction.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " A pawn moves 1 square forward.
PRINT " A pawn has the option to move 2
PRINT " squares on its first move.
PRINT 
PRINT " A knight moves in an L-shape.
PRINT 
PRINT " All pieces except the pawn can move
PRINT " backwards or sideways. 
PRINT 
PRINT " The knight is the only piece that can jump.
PRINT 
PRINT " When the king is under attack it is said 
PRINT " to be in check.
PRINT " The king must escape check immediately by:
PRINT " (1) Capturing the checking piece
PRINT " (2) Moving to a safe square
PRINT " (3) Blocking the check
PRINT " The latter can only be done if the 
PRINT " checking piece is a queen, rook or bishop.
PRINT 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " If the king cannot ecape check, then
PRINT " it is checkmate and the game is over.
PRINT 
PRINT " When a pawn reaches the end of the 
PRINT " board, it may promote to any piece
PRINT " except a king.
PRINT 
PRINT " Additional rules include castling,
PRINT " pawn en passant captures and ways 
PRINT " to draw a game.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

chessclocks:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0, 0.7
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 1,0
PRINT 
PRINT " In competition chess chess clocks
PRINT " are generally used to set time limits
PRINT " for each players. Before these were
PRINT " introduced into world championship play
PRINT " last century, games became a matter of
PRINT " who could sit there the longest. Even
PRINT " in friendly games, chess clocks can be 
PRINT " an asset.
PRINT 
PRINT " At the start of each section of questions
PRINT " you have the choice of which time limit
PRINT " to use. The correspondence option
PRINT " (which is an arbitrary 5 hours) is
PRINT " is an option with no time limit, if
PRINT " if you would like to attempt the questions
PRINT " without the pressure of time.
PRINT  
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " 40 moves in 90 minutes is one of the
PRINT " standard time limits for competition
PRINT " chess so 90 minutes is one option.
PRINT  
PRINT " 30 minutes for each player is the time
PRINT " limit of an allegro game. 15 minutes is
PRINT " the time limit for a skittles game.
PRINT " 5 minutes is the time limit for a
PRINT " lightning game. If you wish to try for 
PRINT " a high score, use a faster time limit.
PRINT " Use a slow time limit if want to get
PRINT " through all the questions in a section.
PRINT " There are approximately 30-80 questions
PRINT " in a section.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

notation:
CLS
PALETTE 0, 0, 0, 0.7
PAINT(1,1),0
COLOR 1,0
PRINT 
PRINT " Chess notation is the method in which
PRINT " chess moves are recorded in writing.
PRINT " There are different kinds of chess 
PRINT " notation. The most common type, which is
PRINT " also used internationally is algebraic
PRINT " notation. When you choose a move in the
PRINT " program, the algebraic notation for the
PRINT " starting and destination squares of the
PRINT " piece you have chosen to move is shown
PRINT " in the question window.
PRINT 
PRINT " The chessboard can be divided into 8
PRINT " files(columns) and 8 ranks(rows). In
PRINT " algebraic notation the files are each
PRINT " given a letter. From the left, they are
PRINT " a-h. Ranks are given a number, from the
PRINT " bottom 1-8. Every square of the
PRINT " chessboard has a unique name formed of
PRINT " 2 characters, a letter(a-h) followed
PRINT " by a number(1-8). The first shows
PRINT " the file and the second the rank. 
INPUT"  HIT RETURN KEY TO CONTINUE";a
CLS
PRINT 
PRINT " There are several different ways in 
PRINT " which this can be used to show moves,
PRINT " but in this program moves are shown by
PRINT " showing the starting and destination 
PRINT " squares of a piece.
PRINT
COLOR 0,1
PRINT " Select another menu item.
PRINT " To start, select tutor.
RETURN

tutor:
RUN "chesstutor"
RETURN

break2:
RETURN