$Unique_ID{BRK03845}
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$Title{Hyperprolinemia Type I}
$Subject{Hyperprolinemia Type I Proline Oxidase Deficiency Hyperprolinemia
Type II Hyperprolinemia Type II }
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Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.

581:
Hyperprolinemia Type I

** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of this article (Hyperprolinemia Type
I) is not the name you expected.  Please check the SYNONYM list to find the
alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.

Synonyms

     Proline Oxidase Deficiency

The following disorder can be found in the Related Disorders section of
this report:

     Hyperprolinemia Type II

The following disorders may be associated with Hyperprolinemia Type I as
secondary characteristics:

General Discussion

** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only.  It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes.  If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
of this report.

Hyperprolinemia Type I is a very rare hereditary disorder characterized
by an abnormally high level of the amino acid proline in the blood and urine.
The high level of this substance is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme
proline oxidase, which normally breaks down proline.

Symptoms

Hyperprolinemia Type I is characterized by an abnormally high level of the
amino acid proline in the blood.  Levels of the amino acids hydroxyproline
and glycine in the blood are also higher than normal.  Additionally kidney
abnormalities may be associated with Hyperprolinemia Type I.

Causes

Hyperprolinemia Type I is a hereditary disorder transmitted through autosomal
recessive genes.  (Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are
the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received
from the father and one from the mother.  In recessive disorders, the
condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene
for the same trait from each parent.  If one receives one normal gene and one
gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but
usually will show no symptoms.  The risk of transmitting the disease to the
children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is
25 percent.  Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as
described above.  Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both
normal genes, one from each parent, and will be genetically normal.)

Affected Population

Hyperprolinemia Type I is a very rare disorder that is present at birth.  It
affects males and females in equal numbers.

Related Disorders

Symptoms of the following disorder are similar to those of Hyperprolinemia
Type I.

I.  Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:

Hyperprolinemia Type II is a very rare hereditary condition characterized
by a level of proline in the blood greater than that in Type I
Hyperprolinemia.  In addition, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is excreted in
the urine.  Mental retardation and seizures may also occur.  (For more
information, choose "Hyperprolinemia Type II" as your search term in the Rare
Disease Database.)

Therapies:  Standard

Diagnosis of Hyperprolinemia Type I is suspected by taking a blood test to
measure the level of the amino acid proline.  The condition is treated by a
carefully controlled low protein diet.

Therapies:  Investigational

This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
December 1988.  Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
accurate.  Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
the most current information about this disorder.

Resources

For more information on Hyperprolinemia Type I, please contact

     National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
     P.O. Box 8923
     New Fairfield, CT  06812-1783
     (203) 746-6518

     National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
     Box NDDIC
     Bethesda, MD  20892
     (301) 468-6344

     Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
     Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
     Crewe CW1 1XN, England
     Telephone:  (0270) 250244

For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
contact:

     March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
     1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
     White Plains, NY  10605
     (914) 428-7100

     Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
     35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
     Chevy Chase, MD  20815
     (800) 336-GENE
     (301) 652-5553

References

MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.:  Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986.  Pp. 1047-1048.

THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.:  John B. Stanbury, et
al., eds; McGraw Hill, 1983.  Pp. 367-373.