$Unique_ID{BRK03222} $Pretitle{} $Title{methadone} $Subject{Dolophine Lilly hydrochloride Analgesic methadone narcotic analgesic pain reliever central nervous system brain spinal cord moderate severe pain detoxify narcotic addicts maintenance treatment} $Volume{} $Log{} Copyright (C) 1993 Publications International, Ltd. methadone ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ BRAND NAMES (Manufacturers) Dolophine (Lilly) methadone hydrochloride (various manufacturers) TYPE OF DRUG Analgesic INGREDIENT methadone DOSAGE FORMS Tablets (5 mg, 10 mg, and 40 mg) Oral solution (5 mg and 10 mg per 5-ml spoonful, with 8% alcohol, 10 mg per 10-ml spoonful, and 10 mg per 1-ml spoonful) STORAGE Methadone analgesic tablets and oral solution should be stored at room temperature in tightly closed, light-resistant containers. USES Methadone is a narcotic analgesic (pain reliever) that acts directly on the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It is also used to detoxify narcotic addicts and to provide temporary maintenance treatment for them. TREATMENT To avoid stomach upset, take methadone with food or milk. This medication is most effective if you take it at the onset of pain, rather than when the pain becomes intense. Measure the dose of the solution form of this medication carefully with a specially designed 5-ml measuring spoon. An ordinary kitchen teaspoon is not accurate enough. If you are taking this medication on a regular schedule and you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as possible, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, do not take the missed dose at all; just return to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the next dose. SIDE EFFECTS Minor. Constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, false sense of well-being, light-headedness, loss of appetite, nausea, or sweating. These side effects should disappear as your body adjusts to the medication. If you are constipated, increase the amount of fiber in your diet (fresh fruits and vegetables, salads, bran, and whole-grain breads), exercise, and drink more water (unless your doctor directs you to do otherwise). Chew sugarless gum or suck on ice chips or a piece of hard candy to reduce mouth dryness. If you feel dizzy or light-headed, sit or lie down for a while; get up from a sitting or lying position slowly, and be careful on stairs. Take special care when operating potentially dangerous equipment. Major. Tell your doctor about any side effects that are persistent or particularly bothersome. IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about anxiety, breathing difficulties, excitability, fainting, fatigue, flushing, painful or difficult urination, palpitations, pinpoint pupils of eyes, rash, restlessness, sore throat and fever, tremors, or weakness. INTERACTIONS Methadone interacts with several other types of medications: 1. Concurrent use of it with other central nervous system depressants (such as alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepine tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, and phenothiazine tranquilizers) or with tricyclic antidepressants can cause extreme drowsiness. 2. A monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor taken within 14 days of this medication can lead to unpredictable and severe side effects. 3. Rifampin and phenytoin can decrease the blood levels and effectiveness of methadone. 4. The combination of cimetidine and this medication can cause confusion, disorientation, and shortness of breath. BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about any medications you are currently taking, especially any listed above. WARNINGS * Tell your doctor about unusual or allergic reactions you have had to any medications, especially to methadone or to any other narcotic analgesic. * Tell your doctor if you now have or if you have ever had acute abdominal conditions, asthma, brain disease, colitis, epilepsy, gallstones or gallbladder disease, head injuries, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, lung disease, mental illness, emotional disorders, enlarged prostate gland, thyroid disease, or urethral stricture. * If this drug makes you dizzy or drowsy, do not take part in any activity that requires alertness, such as driving a car or operating potentially dangerous machinery. * Before having surgery or any other medical or dental treatment, be sure to tell your doctor or dentist that you are taking this medication. * Methadone has the potential for abuse and must be used with caution. Usually, it should not be taken on a regular schedule for longer than ten days (unless your doctor directs you to do so). Tolerance develops quickly; do not increase the dosage or stop taking the drug abruptly unless you first consult your doctor. If you have been taking large amounts of this medication or if you have been taking it for long periods of time, you may experience withdrawal symptoms (muscle aches, diarrhea, gooseflesh, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, shivering, trembling, stomach cramps, sleep disorders, irritability, weakness, excessive yawning, or sweating) when you stop taking it. Your doctor may, therefore, want to reduce the dosage gradually. * Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant. The effects of this medication during the early stages of pregnancy have not been thoroughly studied in humans. However, regular use of methadone in large doses during the later stages of pregnancy can result in addiction of the fetus, leading to withdrawal symptoms (irritability, excessive crying, tremors, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sneezing, or excessive yawning) at birth. Also, tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding an infant. Small amounts of this medication may pass into breast milk and cause excessive drowsiness in the nursing infant. ---------------- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical problem.