Alumina Al2O3 | Alumina Silicate SiO2 53 / Al2O3 47 | Alumina / Silica Al2O3 80 / SiO2 20 | Alumina / Silica Al2O3 96 / SiO2 4 - Saffil® | Alumina / Silica / Boria Al2O3 62 / SiO2 24 / B2O3 14 | Alumina / Silica / Boria Al2O3 70 / SiO2 28 / B2O3 2 | Aluminium Nitride - Machineable Shapal-M® | Aluminium Nitride AlN | Alumino-silicate Glass SiO2 57 / Al2O3 36 / CaO / MgO / BaO | Beryllia BeO 99.5 | Boron Carbide - Hot-pressed B4C | Boron Carbide B4C | Boron Nitride BN | Leachable Ceramic SiO2 50 / ZrSiO4 40 / Al2O3 10 | Machineable Glass Ceramic SiO2 46 / Al2O3 16 / MgO 17 / K2O 10 / B2O3 7 | Magnesium oxide MgO | Potassium Alumino-silicate Muscovite Mica | Quartz - Fused SiO2 | Ruby Al2O3 / Cr2O3 / Si2O3 | Sapphire Al2O3 99.9 | Silica SiO2 96 | Silicon Carbide - Hot-pressed SiC | Silicon Carbide - Reaction Bonded SiC | Silicon Carbide SiC | Silicon Nitride - Hot-pressed Si3N4 | Silicon Nitride - Reaction Bonded Si3N4 | Silicon Nitride Si3N4 | Silicon Nitride / Aluminium Nitride / Aluminium Oxide Sialon® | Titanium Diboride TiB2 | Titanium Dioxide TiO2 99.6% | Tungsten Carbide / Cobalt WC 94 / Co 6 | Yttrium Oxide Y2O3 | Zirconia - stabilised with Magnesia ZrO2 / MgO | Zirconia - stabilised with Yttria ZrO2 / Y2O3 | Zirconia - unstabilised ZrO2 99 | ||
Physical Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Apparent Porosity | % | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 0 | <3 | 42036 | 25 | 0 | <1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15-23 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
Density | g cm-3 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.3-3.5 | 2.7 | 3.05 | 2.95 | 3.25 | 2.65 | 2.86 | 2.45-2.52 | 2.52 | 1.9-2.2 | 2.1 | 2.52 | 3.4 | 2.6-3.2 | 2.2 | 3.98 | 3.985 | 2.18 | 3.15 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.11 | 2.4 | 3.44 | 3.24 | 4.5 | 4.05 | 14.95 | 5.03 | 5.74 | 5.9 | 6.1 |
Refractive Index | 1.57 | 1.62 | 1.54 | 1.5-1.6 | 1.46 | 1.71-1.79 | 1.46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Useful Optical Transmission range | 500-3000nm | 450-700nm | 180-2500nm | 150-5500nm | 200-5500nm | 365-2500nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Water Absorption - saturation | % | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 14 | Very Low | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrical Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dielectric Constant | 9.0-10.1 | 5.2 at 9.4GHz | 5.7 at 9.4GHz | 7.3 | 9.2 | 6.5-7.5 | 4.3 | 5.9 | 6.0-6.6 | 3.8 | 7.5-11.5 | 7.5-11.5 | 3.8 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 80-100 | |||||||||||||||||||
Dielectric Strength | kV mm-1 | 13058 | 40 | 15 | 41913 | 40-200 | 40 | 40-200 | 25-40 | 15-50 | 15-50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volume Resistivity at 25C | Ohm.cm | >1014 | 1.8 x 1013 | >1014 | >1014 | 0.1-10 | 1011-1014 | >1014 | 1012 | 1018 | 1014 | >1014 | 1014 | 103-105 | 102-103 | 1012-1015 | >107 | 1012-1017 | 15 | 1013-1018 | 2x10-6 | |||||||||||||||
Thermal Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting Point | C | 2100 | 1790 | 2000 | 2200 | 2450 | 2450 | 1715 | 2050 | 2050 | 1715 | 2650-2950 | 2650-2950 | 3000 | 1850 | 2400 | 2700 | 2650 | ||||||||||||||||||
Specific Heat at 25C | J K-1 kg-1 | 850-900 | 1050 at 1090C | 1000 | 1100 | 1000 at 500C | 800 | 1020-1120 | 950 | 800-2000 | 790 | 50 | 670-740 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 670-710 | 1100 | 680-800 | 690 | 620-710 | 200-480 | 400-500 | 400-500 | ||||||||||||
Sublimation Point | C | 1800 | 1800 | 2500 | 2600-2800 | 1900 | 1900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal Conductivity at 20C | W m-1 K-1 | 26-35 | 100 | 180 | 260-300 | 30-90 | 15-50 | 1.5 | 0.5-7 | 1.46 | 35-40 | 35-40 | 1.2-1.4 | 90-160 | 150-200 | 15-43 | 42644 | 20 | 50-70 | 2.5-5.0 | 60-80 | 37598 | 1.5-2.5 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||
Thermal Expansivity, 20-1000C | x10-6 K-1 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 5.2 | 4.4-5.3 | 5 | 8.4-9.0 | 5.6 | 1.0-36 | 1.98 | 13 | 13394 | 0.54 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 0.5-0.75 | 4.5 | 4.3-4.6 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3-3.7 | 37443 | 37537 | 4.6-5.0 | 8.1 | 37534 | 10 | ||||||||
Upper Continuous Use Temperature | C | 1700 | 1260 | 1600 | 1600 | 1200-1400 | 1350-1650 | 1000 - 1900 | 1000-1800 | 900 | 1800-1900 | 600-800 | 600-800 | 950-2500 | 1050 | 800-1000 | 2200 | 500-600 | 1100-1400 | 1800-1950 | 1800-1950 | 900-1200 | 1500-1650 | 1350 | 1100-1650 | 1200-1500 | 1000 | 1000-2000 | 1000 | 2200 | 2200 | |||||
Mechanical Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compressive Strength | MPa | 2200-2600 | 1000 | 1550-1850 | 1400-3400 | 200-300 | 30-120 | 345 | 190-280 | 1100 | 2100 | 2100 | 1000-1700 | 2000-3500 | 2000-3500 | 550-650 | >3500 | 800-1000 | 5300-7000 | 1500-2000 | 2000 | |||||||||||||||
Hardness - Knoop | kgf mm-2 | 2100 | 2800-3500 | 280 | 820 | 2000 | 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hardness - Vickers | kgf mm-2 | 1500-1650 | 560 | 1100 | 1100-1300 | 3200 | 400 | 2-3 Mohs | 1000 | 2500-3000 | 1600-1800 | 490 | 2400-2800 | 2500-3500 | 2500 | 1700-2200 | 800-1000 | 1650-1800 | 3000 | 980 | 1550 | 1200 | 1250 | |||||||||||||
Poisson's Ratio | 0.18-0.20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shear Strength | MPa | 330 | 450 | 180-250 | 45992 | 215-265 | 70 | 210-380 | 480-960 | 190-240 | 300-600 | 414 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tensile Modulus | GPa | 300-400 | 100-300 | 140 | 185 | 160 | 340-400 | 440-470 | 20-35 | 67 | 72-74 | 350-390 | 350-390 | 65-75 | 200-500 | 410 | 280-310 | 170-220 | 280-300 | 520-570 | 250-300 | 600 | 200 | 200 | ||||||||||||
Chemical Resistance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acids - concentrated | Good | Fair-Good | Good | Fair | Fair | Poor | Fair | Poor | Fair | Fair | Fair | Poor | Fair | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Fair | Fair | Good | Fair | Fair | Fair | |||||||||||
Acids - dilute | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Fair | Fair | Good | Fair | Good | Fair | Fair | Fair | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | ||||||||||
Alkalis | Good | Fair | Good | Poor-Fair | Poor-Fair | Poor | Fair | Good | Fair | Fair | Fair | Poor | Fair | Good | Fair | Good | Good | Fair | Good-Poor | Fair | Good-Poor | Fair | Fair | Fair | Poor | Good-Poor | ||||||||||
Halogens | Good | Good | Fair | Fair | Poor | Fair | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good-Poor | Fair | Good | Good | Good | Fair | ||||||||||||||||||||
Metals | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Fair | Good | Good | Good | Fair | Good | Good | Fair | Fair | Fair | Fair | Fair | Good | Poor | Good-Fair |