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Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, and North Atlantic Ocean, southwest of France
Map references: Europe
Area:
total area: 504,750 sq km
land area: 499,400 sq km
comparative area: slightly more than twice the size ofOregon
note: includes Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, and five places of sovereignty
(plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - Ceuta, Mellila,
Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera
Land boundaries: total 1,903.2 km, Andorra 65 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km
Coastline: 4,964 km
Climate: temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast
Terrain: large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north
Natural resources: coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 31%
permanent crops: 10%
meadows and pastures: 21%
forest and woodland: 31%
other: 7%
Irrigated land: 33,600 sq km (1989 est.)
Population: 39,404,348 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17% (female 3,214,606; male 3,446,643)
15-64 years:68% (female 13,377,839; male 13,457,683)
65 years and over: 15% (female 3,461,367; male 2,446,210) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.27% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 11.21 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 8.86 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 77.91 years
male: 74.67 years
female: 81.39 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.41 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Spaniard(s)
adjective: Spanish
Ethnic divisions: composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Religions: Roman Catholic 99%, other sects 1%
Languages: Castilian Spanish, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1986)
total population: 96%
male: 98%
female: 94%
Labor force: 14.621 million
by occupation: services 53%, industry 24%, agriculture 14%, construction 9% (1988)
Names:
conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain
conventional short form: Spain
local short form: Espana
Digraph: SP
Type: parliamentary monarchy
Capital: Madrid
Administrative divisions: 17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad
autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-La
Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Communidad Valencia, Extremadura, Galicia,
Islas Baleares, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco
note: there are five places of sovereignty on and off the coast of Morocco
(Ceuta, Mellila, Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas,and Penon de Velez
de la Gomera) with administrative status unknown
Independence: 1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)
National holiday: National Day, 12 October
Constitution: 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Overview: Spain, with a per capita output approximately two-thirds that of the four leading economies of Western Europe, has shared with these countries the recession of the early 1990s and the upturn of their economic fortunes in 1994. But whereas unemployment in these countries has hovered just above 10%, Spain has been forced to cope with a 25% unemployment rate. Continued political turmoil has complicated the establishment of stable government policies toward budgetary restraint, interest rates, labor law reform, and Spain's role in the evolving economic integration of Western Europe. Because the recession has been so deep, the growth in industrial output, tourism, and other sectors in 1994, while welcome, falls far short of the growth required to bring unemployment down to, say, 10%. The recovery in the economies of major trade partners, the comparatively low inflation rate, lower interest rates, and prospects in the tourist sector suggest that Spain can make substantial progress in 1995.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $515.8 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 1.8% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $13,120 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.9% (1994)
Unemployment rate: 24.5% (yearend 1994)
Budget:
revenues: $97.7 billion
expenditures: $128 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)
Exports: $72.8 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities: cars and trucks, semifinished manufactured goods, foodstuffs,machinery
partners: EC 71.2%, US 4.8%, other developed countries 7.9% (1992)
Imports: $92.5 billion (c.i.f., 1993)
commodities: machinery, transport equipment, fuels, semifinished goods, foodstuffs,
consumer goods, chemicals
partners: EC 60.7%, US 7.4%, other developed countries 11.5%, Middle East 5.9%
(1992)
External debt: $90 billion (1993 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 4% (1994 est.)
Electricity:
capacity: 43,800,000 kW
production: 148 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 3,545 kWh (1993)
Industries: textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism
Agriculture: accounts for about 5% of GDP and 14% of labor force; major products - grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus fruit, beef, pork, poultry, dairy; largely self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 1.4 million metric tons is among top 20 nations
Currency: 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos
Fiscal year: calendar year
Railroads:
total: 14,400 km
broad gauge: 12,111 km 1.668-m gauge (6,404 km electrified; 2,295 km double track)
standard gauge: 515 km 1.435-m gauge (515 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,774 km (privately owned: 1,727 km 1.000-m gauge, 560 km electrified;
28 km 0.914-m gauge, 28 km electrified; government owned: 19 km 1.000-m gauge,
all electrified)
Highways:
total: 331,961 km
paved: 328,641 km (2,700 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,320 km (1991)
Inland waterways: 1,045 km, but of minor economic importance
Pipelines: crude oil 265 km; petroleum products 1,794 km; natural gas 1,666 km
Ports:Aviles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, Huelva, La Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Malaga, Melilla, Pasajes, Puerto de Gijon, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands), Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo
Merchant marine:
total: 157 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 868,326 GRT/1,382,335 DWT
ships by type: bulk 12, cargo 41, chemical tanker 11, container 9, liquefied gas tanker
4, oil tanker 25, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo12, roll-on/roll-off cargo
34, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 2
Airports:
total: 106
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 15
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 12
with paved runways under 914 m: 34
with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 16