9F0036 Africa general: Support to the African Elephant Specialist
Group

Project Summary:
This project helps IUCN's Species Survival Commission
(SSC) African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG) to maintain an
effective network of elephant specialists who can offer sound
technical and scientific advice based on an understanding of the
complex political issues involved. The network provides IUCN and
WWF with uptodate information on the status, population
trends, and conservation needs of the elephant in Africa.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 100 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
When the former African Elephant and Rhino Specialist Group was
split into two separate groups, WWF decided to continue supporting
the elephant group because of the complexity of the issues involved.
This project enables IUCN's Species Survival Commission (SSC)
African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG) to maintain a network
of elephant specialists who can offer advice that is technically
and scientifically sound, and which takes account of the complex
political issues involved. It is also envisaged that this network
will provide IUCN and WWF with uptodate information
on the status, population trends and conservation needs of the
elephant in Africa.
Project Objectives:
1. To provide support for the IUCN/SSC AfESG in order to maintain
an effective network of elephant specialists, including representatives
of African governments.
2. To provide uptodate information on the status,
population trends, and conservation needs of the African elephant.
9F0036.1: Support to the African Elephant Specialist Group
(Sep. 82 - Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
At the 1991 African Elephant and Rhino Specialist Group meeting
in Botswana it was decided that the group should be split into
two - the African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG) and the African
Rhino Specialist Group (AfRSG) - and that a new post of Programme/Executive
Officer be created for the AfESG to run the group's administrative
activities. When Holly Dublin of the WWF Eastern Africa Regional
Programme Office (EARPO) became cochair of the AfESG, it
was decided that two rooms in the EARPO be set aside for the new
AfESG office. These were allocated in mid1992. An AfESG
Programme Officer started work in January 1993.
Activity Objectives:
1. To provide and improve technical information and advice on
the conservation of Africa's elephants to the following clients:
African government management agencies; nongovernmental
conservation organizations (including both international and Africanbased
organizations); intergovernmental organizations and governments
outside Africa. Specific effort will be made to target outputs
which meet the needs of different clients and strengthen their
capacity for longterm conservation of elephants.
2. To promote and catalyse conservation activities on behalf
of Africa's elephants, to be carried out by the clients mentioned
above.
3. To hold AfESG meetings in order to collect updates on African
elephant numbers, distribution, and status and to discuss issues
relating to elephant conservation and management, such as human/elephant
conflict and trade issues.
4. To publish "Pachyderm" twice a year.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To hold another meeting of the AfESG in 1997/98 to review
elephant status and distribution, assess progress in research
and management, and discus progress with prioritizing issues related
to the conservation and management of the African elephant.
Activity Methods:
Institutional Support and Development; Policy Development; Research
and Monitoring; Species Management.
Activity Species:
African elephant (Loxodonta africana); Black rhinoceros (Diceros
bicornis); White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum).
9F0038 Africa general: WWF Regional Office for Eastern Africa
Project Summary:
This project aims to support the continuing process of decentralizing
the WWF Africa Programme by ensuring that resources are available
in East Africa at a local level.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 100
|
Project Background:
WWF implements a wide range of conservation activities throughout
eastern Africa. Before these are approved and funded they are
carefully screened. The criteria used includes conservation merit,
benefit to local communities, cost effectiveness and probability
of success. Once a project has been approved, there is a need
for ongoing project support so as to ensure it is running smoothly
and meeting its objectives. The WWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme
Office (EARPO) aims to provide local programme support in the
east African countries of Kenya, Eritrea, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda,
Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Djibouti, and eastern Zaire. The aim
is to assist WWF's conservation work in eastern Africa by providing
support at local level. The project is part of the continued decentralization
of WWF's Africa Programme.
Project Objectives:
1. To assist WWF conservation activities throughout eastern Africa
by providing project support and evaluation at local level.
9F0038.1: WWF Regional Office for Eastern Africa (Jan. 83
- Jun. 00)
Activity Background:
The EARPO is responsible for the conception and preparation of
project proposals with special emphasis on the justification for
projects and project design and implementation. EARPO staff provide
practical support in ensuring the supply and delivery of materials
and equipment, as well as providing technical advice. Regular
field visits are undertaken to ensure that a project is running
smoothly and that the objectives are being met. Advice is also
provided on the need for additional followup projects to
achieve the conservation objectives. A prime role is to disseminate
WWF press and publicity material both within the region and abroad,
and to receive official visitors including NOs and donor groups.
Activity Objectives:
1. To serve as the principal focus within eastern Africa for
the WWF Network and to support all WWF field activities in the
region.
2. To represent WWF within the region at international meetings,
as well as in the media and by individual presentations.
3. To continue managing projects throughout the region, including
Zaire.
4. To represent WWF interests with local governments, multilateral
and bilateral donors, and other NGOs operating in the region.
5. To continue visits to the projects, participation in meetings
and project evaluations, as well as administrative and/or financial
management support.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To successfully evaluate this project.
2. To progressively review the Subregional Strategic Plan in
operation.
3. To monitor and evaluate the plan implemented.
4. To secure funding for the programme.
Activity Methods:
Community Conservation; Policy Development; Programme / Project
Development; Programme / Project Evaluation.
9F0052 Africa general: Fund for Conservation Endeavour
Project Summary:
The Fund for Conservation Endeavour was established in 1987. It
was created to supply small grants to African individuals for
conservation work, including research, within East Africa and
to help universities, government departments and local nongovernmental
organizations in their efforts to upgrade staff conservation skills.
It also helps to establish field research programmes in African
institutions and gives assistance in building a local support
network for conservation movements in East Africa.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 100 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
The Fund for Conservation Endeavour (FCE) was established in 1987
to provide small grants to individual Africans for priority conservation
work, including field research, within East Africa. The fund,
supported by WWF and other conservation organizations, also helps
universities, government departments, and local NGOs in their
efforts to upgrade staff conservation skills. It also helps to
establish field research programmes in African institutions, as
well as building a local support network for conservation movements
in East Africa. The fund is administered by the WWF Eastern Africa
Regional Programme Office in Nairobi.
Project Objectives:
1. To provide small grants to individual Africans for field research
projects in a priority conservation field.
2. To help government departments, universities, and local NGOs
in their efforts to upgrade staff conservation skills.
3. To develop field research programmes in African institutions.
4. To establish a local support network for conservation movements
in East Africa.
9F0052.1: Fund for Conservation Endeavour (Apr. 87 - Jun.
97)
Activity Background:
The six partners who originally formed the consortium of the FCE
with WWF are no longer participating in this project. WWF EARPO
will therefore draw up new terms and conditions for the awards
under this project.
Activity Objectives:
1. To develop criteria and procedures for awarding support.
2. To coordinate the distribution of application forms, collate
responses and, in collaboration with the WWF Representative, decide
upon the amounts to be awarded and to whom.
3. To manage and, where necessary, supervise supported activities.
4. To network with the original FCE members, including potential
supporters of the programme.
5. To prepare progress and financial reports.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
WWF EARPO has developed a programme (9F0097) to support indigenous
NGOs, community-based organizations and initiatives from individuals.
Should EARPO be successful in raising funds for the programme,
this project, together with other smaller ones managed by EARPO,
will be incorporated (form part of) 9F0097.
Activity Methods:
Education; Training.
9F0052.2: Solar Connect Uganda (Jul. 95 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
Uganda, like most other developing countries, relies heavily on
fuel-wood for domestic, industrial and commercial energy supplies.
According to the Forestry Department of the Ministry of Natural
Resources, 98% of all trees cut down in Uganda are used for fuel-wood,
and only 2% are used as building poles and sawn planks. Of the
98%, 77% are used for household cooking, while the rest goes towards
the supply of commercial and industrial energy requirements such
as curing of bricks, fish, and tobacco. The rate of wood consumption
for fuel alone exceeds the sustainable yield production; a situation
that would cause total depletion of Uganda's forests by the year
2058.
Faced with the threat in forest depletion, both government and
nongovernmental organizations have taken up the challenge
of searching for solutions to this problem. One such NGO is Solar
Connect which initiated a programme in 1989 to introduce Ugandans
to the use of solar energy for cooking as an alternative to the
use of fuel-wood. Using materials mainly obtained locally in Uganda,
the group developed a simple device, the solar cooker, which uses
the sun's rays to operate. With gradual modification of the initial
models, the group has now adopted two basic models that are easily
assembled using locally available materials and conforming to
social norms. These two types of cooker, the box and the parabolic,
have been tested and continue to be tested for acceptability in
various districts in Uganda.
WWF EARPO is not involved in the management of this project. WWF-Switzerland
supplied the project with a vehicle for use in carrying out the
activities described. WWF EARPO's role is to monitor use of the
vehicle to ensure it is used for the purpose for which it was
provided, and to report back to WWFSwitzerland on progress
made by the project. In addition to monitoring use of the vehicle,
EARPO staff will also visit Solar Connect offices and centres
in Uganda to give advise on issues related to the implementation
of project activities. Whenever opportunities arise, such visits
will be combined with visits to other projects supervised by EARPO
in Uganda. This will ensure proper monitoring and evaluation of
the Solar Connect activities, as well as providing an opportunity
for networking this project's activities with other WWF programme
activities in Uganda (e.g. Wildlife Clubs of Uganda, areas around
Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Rwenzori Mountains, etc.) and the
region as a whole. Depending on the outcome of this project activity,
WWF EARPO may develop a proposal to expand its support to this
project, covering similar initiatives in other countries in the
region.
Activity Objectives:
1. To promote the use of solar cookers in Uganda as a viable
and environmentfriendly alternative to fuel-wood and other
conventional sources of energy.
2. To purchase a vehicle for use by Solar Connect staff in their
daytoday activities, to facilitate the group in the
promotion of the following activities: (a) to carry out demonstrations
and workshops on the use of solar cookers in selected towns and
up-country districts within Uganda; to produce and distribute
solar cookers in selected centres, and distribute them more widely
to other areas in Uganda and occasionally outside Uganda; to participate
in identified trade fairs in Uganda and the East African region
so as to publicize the cookers and create an awareness on alternative
sources of energy for cooking and drying of farm products.
4. To enhance awareness of solar cooker advantages in the target
towns and districts, measured by the number of visits to demonstration
centres, the number of press articles in the newspapers, and the
number of solar cookers produced, distributed, and/or sold to
the public in the target towns and districts.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To enhance awareness on the usefulness of solar cookers.
2. To increase the number of people/institutions using solar
cookers in Uganda.
3. To expand the project to cover the rest of the countries in
the eastern Africa region.
Activity Methods:
Natural Resource Economics.
9F0055 Africa general: East African Professional Development
Programme
Project Summary:
In response to the many job applications received by WWF from
Africans interested in conservation work in East Africa, WWF has
established a system of internships to provide onthejob
training and performance evaluation before making an offer of
longterm employment. The East African Development Programme
is also designed to fulfil WWF's commitment to provide training
under the terms of the International Agreement made with the government
of Kenya.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 100 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
The WWF East African Regional Office (EARPO) in Nairobi receives
many job applications from Africans, often well qualified, who
are interested in conservation work. In response WWF established
the East African Professional Development Programme, which uses
the concept of internship to provide onthejob training
and performance evaluation before making an offer of longterm
employment. The idea is to give the intern an opportunity to develop
job skills whilst at the same time giving the organization a chance
to evaluate the individual's potential contribution before making
a longterm commitment. The International Agreement between
WWF and the government of Kenya includes a training component,
and this project is partly designed to fulfil these obligations.
The programme provides interns with insights into the problems
affecting their country's natural resources and provides a regional
and international focus. Interns are given the opportunity to
meet conservationists from other countries, as well as regional
government personnel. They are encouraged to travel as widely
as possible within the region in order to familiarize themselves
with field projects and meet local government officials.
Project Objectives:
1. To increase African involvement in the WWF Africa Programme.
2. To identify potential candidates for fulltime office
or field positions.
9F0055.1: East African Professional Development Programme
(Aug. 88 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
The intern's duties, subject to qualifications and experience
and the needs of the EARPO, will include responsibility for a
specific aspect of EARPO work, such as project development, press
and publicity or education programmes. He/she will be under the
direct supervision of the Regional Projects Manager.
Activity Objectives:
1. To provide onthejob training for qualified individuals
interested in a career in the conservation of wildlife and natural
resources.
2. To assist EARPO staff in Nairobi with their increasing workload,
with specific focus on information, public relations and publicity.
Activity Methods:
Training.
9F0062 Africa general: African Elephant Conservation Fund
Project Summary:
This project involves the establishment of a discretionary fund
through which emergency funds can be provided for activities relating
to the conservation of the African elephant. The aim is to respond
speedily and effectively to emergency situations without having
to go through the normal channels of project approval. Funding
is approved by the head of WWF's Africa Programme in conjunction
with the Senior Conservation Advisor for Species and Protected
Areas in the Africa/Madagascar Programme.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 100 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
The African elephant, the largest land mammal on earth, rapidly
declined in number in the 1970s and 1980s. This decline was the
result of landuse conflict between elephants and humans
and an accelerating demand for ivory, much of its obtained illegally.
The elephant has already disappeared from many parts of the continent,
particularly in West and Eastern Africa and other areas of political
instability. The African elephant is not only an evocative symbol
on the African continent, but is seen as a "flagship"
species for Africa, attracting strong public support for conservation
activities. It has important economic value, traditionally as
a source of ivory, and more recently as a key species of singular
importance to both nonconsumptive (tourist) and consumptive
(trophy hunting) use programmes. The elephant also plays a vital
role in the structuring of habitats and can have significant impacts
on biodiversity at all levels.
Project Objectives:
1. To establish a discretionary mechanism through which funds
can be accessed and provided rapidly for activities relating to
the conservation of the African elephant.
9F0062.1: African Elephant Conservation Fund (Aug. 89 -
Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
There are currently no programmed activities as this is intended
to be a "quick response" mechanism for priority requests
from the field. It is anticipated that requests will be submitted
against available funds.
Activity Objectives:
1. To respond swiftly and effectively to any priority needs in
the field.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To continue close liaison with IUCN/SSC's African Elephant
Specialist Group's priority setting process to help set priorities
for WWF's input to the conservation of Africa's elephants.
2. To be able to fund and implement priority actions for the
conservation of Africa's elephants.
Activity Biomes:
Tropical Dry Forest; Tropical Grasslands and Savannas; Tropical
Moist Forest; Tropical Woodland.
Activity Methods:
Research and Monitoring; Species Management.
Activity Species:
African elephant (Loxodonta africana); Forest elephant (Loxodonta
africana cyclotis).
9F0065 Africa general: Small Grants Fund for Africa
Project Summary:
This project provides small grants to support conservation projects
in the Africa and Madagascar region. Special focus is placed on
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) which are developing
innovative environmental research and other activities. Most NGOs
lack funding and WWF can play a key role in their development
through financial assistance.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 20 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 20 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 20 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 20 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 20
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
WWF's ability and willingness to provide catalytic support to
valuable smallscale conservation initiatives has always
been widely regarded as one of its strengths. Screening of small
project applications will be done by the Africa Programme team
at WWF International and, where appropriate, in coordination with
the Programme Office concerned.
Project Objectives:
1. To provide small grants to conservationists and projects in
Africa and Madagascar with little or no bureaucracy or delay.
9F0065.1: Small Grants Fund for Africa (Jul. 90 - Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
The activities financed by the fund are diverse, but are intended
to be catalytic. Grants will often be awarded for scientific research
or for applied conservation research. However, they may also be
used for seminars, conferences, or other important events where
input from WWF would be of direct benefit to the implementation
of the mission of the organization concerned.
Activity Objectives:
1. To provide funds to support capacity building and conservation
related activities.
Activity Methods:
Programme / Project Development.
9F0070 Africa general: TRAFFIC East / Southern Africa
Project Summary:
View Map
This project provides funding for a consolidated Trade Records
Analysis on Flora and Fauna in Commerce (TRAFFIC) programme for
18 East and Southern African countries, with a regional coordinating
office based in Lilongwe, Malawi, and suboffices in Tanzania,
South Africa, and Kenya. The aim is to establish a network to
monitor wildlife, forestry, and fisheries trade and sustainable
use issues throughout the region and to assist governments with
the implementation of Convention of International Trade in Endangered
Species in the Wild (CITES) and other international or regional
wildlife trade or law enforcement agreements.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 15 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 45 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 40
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
Following a European Commission-funded feasibility study, carried
out in 1988 and updated in 1991, the TRAFFIC Committee, which
oversees the operations and development of the TRAFFIC Network,
endorsed the need for a TRAFFIC programme in East and Southern
Africa. Commencing in 1991, TRAFFIC now operates with the support
of relevant government authorities in the region, and has acquired
official status in Malawi for a regional office with a full package
of immunities and privileges. The aim of the TRAFFIC programme
is: (a) to monitor and report on trade or other forms of utilization
of animals and plants and their derivatives; (b) to identify areas
of trade which may be detrimental to individual species; and (c)
to assist African governments to more effectively implement CITES
and national wildlife trade controls.
Project Objectives:
1. To establish a network for monitoring the wildlife trade in
East and Southern Africa.
2. To assist African governments with CITES implementation and
related issues.
3. To support law enforcement agencies in the effort to curb
illegal trade in wildlife.
4. To ensure that wildlife trade is conducted legally and on
a sustainable basis.
9F0070.1: TRAFFIC East / Southern Africa (Sep. 91 - Jun.
99)
Activity Background:
TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa has been in existence since October
1991 and has a regional office in Malawi, with national representative
offices in DaresSalaam (Tanzania), Johannesburg (South
Africa), and Nairobi (Kenya). The programme covers 18 East and
Southern African countries.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Coral Reefs; Desert; Littoral Zones; Open Oceans and Seas; Temperate
Dry Deciduous Forest; Temperate Grasslands and Savannas; Temperate
Woodland; Tropical Dry Forest; Tropical Woodland; Urban Zones.
Activity Methods:
Information Systems; Institutional Support and Development; Lobbying;
Policy Development; Research and Monitoring; Species Management;
Treaties; Wildlife Trade Monitoring.
Activity Species:
African elephant (Loxodonta africana); Black rhinoceros (Diceros
bicornis); Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus); Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes);
Crowned crane (Balearica pavonina); Greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus
roseus); Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius); Leopard (Panthera
pardus); Lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor); Lion (Panthera
leo); Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus); Ostrich (Struthio
camelus); White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum).
9F0070.2: TRAFFIC Bush Meat Trade Study in E/S Africa (EU
funded) (Sep. 91 - Dec. 97)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To gain a comprehensive understanding of bush meat trade dynamics
in seven eastern and southern African countries. Achieving this
objective will help to fill one of the greatest information voids
in the understanding of wildlife activities in the region.
Activity Methods:
Policy Development; Research and Monitoring.
9F0071 Africa general: Project and Programme Development for
Africa
Project Summary:
One of the principal tasks of this project is to develop new projects,
or new approaches within existing projects, for the Africa/Madagascar
Programme. This will require thorough analysis of existing conditions
and practices, potential, and future needs of projects. Emphasis
is placed on developing projects that fulfil WWF's Mission, and
on evolving sustainable technical and financial strategies.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 100
|
Project Background:
Adequate project development is a major prerequisite to attaining
conservation goals and project/programme effectiveness. Project
development ensures that objectives are clearly stated, activities
and outputs are clearly defined, and that inputs such as costs
and manpower are correctly assessed and quantified. Project development
is not only essential for new activities but also for projects
under way that need continuing or reorienting following evaluation.
Project Objectives:
1. To carry out premission screening, analysis and development
of appropriate ongoing projects, proposals and concepts.
2. To identify and develop new projects based on demand from
Programme Offices and other sources.
3. To conduct onsite analysis and technical development
of specific projects.
4. To ensure continuous technical support to selected projects
following their initiation or redesign.
5. To encourage and support the use of logical framework planning
systems and to provide training where necessary.
6. To provide training in design, monitoring, and evaluation
systems and processes where necessary.
7. To develop collaborative relations with other governmental
or nongovernmental organizations.
9F0071.3: Support for Project and Programme Development
(Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
Inadequate project development has been a persistent fundamental
problem in conservation programmes. Project documents are often
specific and clear as to the physical and financial inputs, personnel,
activities and expected physical results. But thorough assessment
of the overall objectives, the target groups and the external
factors which determine success or failure are often lacking.
This fact is one of the most important lessons learned in WWF's
experience in its conservation programme. Deficiencies in planning
and design are usually reflected in inadequate monitoring systems.
During implementation there is often too much emphasis on physical
results, and too little on policy issues and the effects of the
project. As a result, projects often develop in unintended directions
and fail to respond to the needs of the intended beneficiaries.
In recognizing these factors, the Africa and Madagascar Programme
is setting aside funding to specifically help in the development
of projects and programmes. Projects will be developed with more
emphasis on monitoring, analysis, and evaluation during their
lifetime. There is ample evidence to show that a modest investment
in improved project planning and development usually pays off
in terms of better projects and direct savings.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Methods:
Programme / Project Development.
9F0079 Africa general: Protected Areas Conservation Strategy
(PARCS) Phase I and II
Project Summary:
The PARCS project is an effort to improve the protection of Africa's
biodiversity by expanding the capacity of relevant natural resource
management authorities to effectively manage their protected area
systems; by increasing the number of trained natural resource
managers; and by improving the capacity of natural resource management
authorities and institutions to train their staff.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 100 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
Africa's system of national parks and protected areas constitutes
one of the most important safeguards of the continent's extraordinarily
rich biological diversity. Protected area managers, the decisionmakers
in the field, play a critical role in the overall functioning
of protected areas (PAs). However, recent assessments of training
have focused on nonmanagerial staff in PAs (e.g. rangers).
One of the main conclusions of an assessment carried out in 1987
(Child and Sefu), which examined the needs and priorities for
training in wildlife management and utilization in the Southern
Africa Development Community (SADC) region, was that outside assistance
should be focused on middle or upper (or professional) level training.
Particular emphasis should be placed on equipping the warden grade
to undertake wideranging responsibilities, including command,
control and professional development of lower level field staff.
In light of these recommendations, the primary target group for
the Protected Areas Conservation Strategy (PARCS) assessment is
protected area managers in the field. The training needs assessment,
completed in PARCS Phase I, was developed to fill the data gap
on training needs, priorities, constraints, and opportunities
for PA managers. The PARCS assessment departs from earlier studies
in a number of ways. First, it embraces a participatory approach
in that the assessment allows PA managers to: (i) determine the
skills required for the job of protected area manager; (ii) assess
their own skill levels; and (iii) help identify where training
is presently being obtained in the required skills. Second, the
assessment identifies specific, targeted training needs and then
examines some opportunities to match these needs. Finally, the
assessment covers the bulk of southern, eastern, and central Africa.
It provides data which are comparable across regions, thus facilitating
the crossfertilization of ideas and initiatives and allowing
for the development of regional solutions. The Phase I assessment
was done in three regions, with WWF responsible for southern Africa,
WCS for central Africa, and AWF for eastern Africa. The Biodiversity
Support Programme funded and coordinated the effort.
The information gathered in Phase I of PARCS provided the basis
for Phase II, which includes developing pilot training programmes
and processes in each region. These pilot efforts will test models,
approaches, programme structures, and teaching methodologies.
Project Objectives:
1. To expand the capacity of relevant natural resource management
authorities to effectively manage their protected area systems.
2. To increase the number of welltrained natural resource
managers.
3. To improve the capacity of natural resource management authorities
and institutions to appropriately train their staff.
9F0079.2: Protected Areas Conservation Strategy (PARCS)
Phase II (Jul. 94 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
1. To establish a pilot programme in each of the three regions
with the aim of implementing recommendations from the Phase I
assessment.
Activity Biomes:
Tropical Dry Forest.
9F0079.3: Protected Areas Conservation Strategy (PARCS)
PHASE III (Mar. 92 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
This is a project which has potential for being implemented in
other countries in southern African besides Malawi. There will
be concerted efforts to fundraise for it, particularly from the
major donors in the region. If funds become available, a new project
proposal will be developed.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
9F0083 Africa general: African Professional Development Programme
Project Summary:
The African Professional Development programme continues to provide
training to African professionals in the field of natural resource
management.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 100 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
There is an increased loss of Africa and Madagascar biological
diversity. Africa cannot continue to ignore the proper management
of its natural resources. The natural resource base is the engine
of social and economic development in the region. A change of
attitude within governments toward natural resources is critical
in order for Africa to reverse the trend of a decaying environment.
Solutions for change have for many years come from outside the
region. WWF believes that African-based solutions are required.
However, WWF recognizes that there is an acute lack of sufficiently
trained Africans to handle the complex problems contributing to
the increased loss of biological diversity. WWF is committed to
providing adequate resources in order to build African capacity
in the region. Hence, capacity building is not only a priority
for WWF but a prerequisite for addressing the focal problem of
increased loss of biological diversity.
The African Professional Development Programme will be Africawide.
It is anticipated that funding decisions will be based on a competitive
proposalbased selection process, undertaken several times
a year.
WWF recognizes that there have been and continues to be numerous
social, gender, and economic inequities in the management of African
natural resources. One major objective of the African Professional
Development Programme is to help address some of these inequities.
For example, the programme aims to strengthen the leadership role
of women and empower rural people so they may have greater control
of their natural resources. The African Professional Development
Programme will therefore give higher priority to supporting professional
training for women and rural people.
Project Objectives:
Main objective:
1. To develop a strong natural resource management profession
in Africa which will be able to address Africa's complex natural
resource management needs into the 21st century.
Specific objectives:
2. To help train a strong cadre of professional natural resource
managers within governments, NGOs, and community-based programmes.
3. To support the continued professional development of Africans
in their careers in natural resource management, in part to encourage
them to remain in the natural resource management field.
4. To help strengthen the capacity of African institutions to
train effective natural resource managers through curriculum and
materials development and equipment procurement.
9F0083.1: African Professional Development Programme (Jul.
93 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Urban Zones.
Activity Methods:
Training.
9F0084 Africa general: African Rhino Conservation Fund
Project Summary:
Rhino populations in Africa continue to decline, despite efforts
to alter the situation. Indications are that traditional methods
of halting the decline of the species (notably antipoaching
operations and trade bans) have not been effective. The aim of
this project is to link up the various projects WWF has initiated
to conserve rhino populations so that WWF support is better focused
and more effective. This will be achieved through identification
of funds for rhino projects in the various range states of the
black and white rhino; answering questions critical to longterm
conservation of the species; quick action in the field where the
need is greatest to protect endangered populations; and providing
institutional support to range state managers.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 100 | |
Species 100 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
Hunting for trophies and clearing areas for settlement and cultivation
have eliminated both black and white rhinos throughout much of
their range. Populations have declined even further as tens of
thousands of rhinos have been killed in this century alone to
supply horns to markets in Yemen and the Far East. Hunting to
supply foreign markets continues to this day, despite hunting
bans, national antipoaching efforts, and international trade
prohibitions. While loss of habitat has been an important factor
in the decline in rhino populations throughout Africa, loss through
illegal trade in horns has clearly been the most significant factor.
The result is that black rhino populations fell from an estimated
65,000 in 1970 to 3,800 in 1987, with fewer than 2,500 remaining
in 1995. Southern white rhinos on the other hand have increased
in number, particularly in South Africa, to over 7,000 in 1996.
As a result of South Africa's conservation success with the species,
they were downlisted to Appendix II at the CITES Conference of
the Parties in the United States in 1994. The last remaining population
of northern white rhinos, in Garamba National Park in Zaire, now
numbers less than 30 animals and is considered to be highly threatened.
Project Objectives:
1. To develop a coordinated programme to address the conservation
needs of black and white rhinos in Africa.
9F0084.1: African Rhino Conservation Fund (Jun. 93 - Jun.
99)
Activity Background:
Rhino populations on the African continent continue their rapid
decline. This is primarily due to the trade in rhino horns in
Yemen and the Far East. As a result, rhino populations are now
isolated, fragmented, and highly vulnerable to poaching and human
encroachment and the resulting habitat change. This activity involves
the establishment of a discretionary fund to be used in the event
of emergencies, such as translocations, dehorning, antipoaching,
etc.
Activity Objectives:
1. To establish a CHF200,000 Rhino Conservation Fund through
which donated funds can be provided rapidly for activities relating
to rhino conservation.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To continue close liaison with IUCN/SSC's African Rhino Specialist
Group's Action Planning process to help set priorities for the
conservation of Africa's two rhino species.
2. To be able to fund and implement priority actions for the
conservation of Africa's two rhino species.
Activity Biomes:
Tropical Grasslands and Savannas; Tropical Woodland.
Activity Methods:
Institutional Support and Development; Programme / Project Development;
Species Management.
Activity Species:
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis); White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium
simum).
9F0086 Africa general: Support for Regional Forest Officer
Project Summary:
This project supports the Regional Forest Officer in his activities
to plan and develop a realistic forest conservation programme
for Africa/Madagascar. The aim is to put into practice the forest
conservation programme policy guidelines by ensuring full integration
of the regional forest strategies.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 100 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 10 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 20 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 50 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 20
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
Forests are an integral component of a stable global environment.
They support a large portion of the planet's biodiversity, help
combat global warming by acting as carbon sinks, and provide humankind
with an abundant supply of natural resources which fulfil our
needs for food, shelter, and recreation. Unfortunately, both the
quality and quantity of global forests have reduced dramatically
in the past century. The natural habitat of most of Africa's land
area, and much of the wetland, is forest. As a result, the conservation
and sustainable management of forests play a fundamental role
in meeting many of WWF's goals, as well as being basic to WWF's
Mission of achieving the conservation of nature and ecological
processes.
Traditionally, forest conservation has occupied a significant
place in WWF's conservation initiatives. Since 1972 WWF has undertaken
many projects that relate to the conservation and sustainable
management of particular forest areas and species. In 1982 alone,
an estimated 42% of WWF's annual budget was spent on projects
in tropical moist forests and tropical seasonal woodlands and
grasslands. The trend is continuing. However, WWF needs to keep
pace with the rapidly evolving situations. Forested areas in Africa
are being altered by changing land use in different ways and in
different areas. Moreover, there is now international concern
that focuses on forest conservation in Africa. This has created
an entirely reasonable demand on WWF to have integrated policies
and programmes for forest conservation, and to make public statements
and provide information and assist/advise governments in Africa.
To meet these demands, it is necessary that WWF engages the services
of a mature professional with working experience related to the
conservation and management of African forests. WWF is promoting
forest utilization which conforms with natural processes, where
ecological and economic risks are reduced to a minimum. WWF also
understands that sustainable forest management is a major basis
for economic sustainability, and has therefore been at the forefront
in promoting sustainable utilization and the reduction in consumption
of forest resources in Africa.
Project Objectives:
1. To plan and develop forest projects aimed at putting into
practice the forest conservation programme policy guidelines;
this can be achieved by ensuring that regional forest strategies
are fully integrated into the conservation programme.
2. To influence African governments and international/private
organizations in their tropical forest activities.
3. To coordinate WWF forest conservation activities in the region,
with assistance from WWF Country/Regional Representatives and
Country Forests Officers.
4. To consolidate the integration of forest policies into the
region's conservation programme.
5. To contribute to the sustainable management of forest resources
in Africa through the process of certification.
6. To strengthen WWF's forestry expertise in Africa.
9F0086.1: Support for Regional Forest Officer (Jul. 94 -
Jun. 04)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Tropical Moist Forest; Tropical Dry Forest.
Activity Methods:
Community Conservation; Forest Management; Institutional Support
and Development; Lobbying; Protected Area Establishment; Protected
Area Management.
9F0089 Africa general: Programme Officer, Species & Protected
Areas
Project Summary:
This project provides an outposted regional programme position
to advise on species conservation issues, identify priority needs
for the conservation of biodviersity through the conservation
of species, habitats and protected areas, and to improve policy
integration on species and protected areas issues between the
field and the WWF Network. The position also provides technical
advice in the area of consumptive and non-consumptive use, and
community participation initiatives in the management of species
and areas in the African context.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 20 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 40 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 25 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 15
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
The position of Senior Conservation Advisor, Species and Protected
Areas was created in recognition of the need for (a) closer technical
supervision of project design and evaluation on special issues
in the realm of species and protected areas in Africa, and (b)
a better linkage between the Africa field programme and policy
formulation within the WWF Network. The Programme Officer acts
as a technical bridge between WWF's activities/initiatives in
the specified areas and the Director of the Africa/Madagascar
Programme. The position is also designed specifically to provide
more cohesion to WWF's programme activities and policies in the
area of species of special concern, such as rhinos and elephants.
Project Objectives:
1. To provide technical supervision and input to specified projects.
2. To chair the WWF African Rhino Working Group (ARWG).
3. To liaise with relevant players and programmes within WWF,
IUCN, and TRAFFIC.
4. To liaise with African governments on issues pertaining to
species and protected area policies.
5. To help develop policy with regard to species, protected areas,
consumptive and non-consumptive use, and community-based approaches
to the management of species and protected areas.
6. To develop projects/programmes in specified fields.
9F0089.1: Programme Officer, Species & Protected Areas
(Jul. 94 - Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
The Senior Conservation Advisor is charged with providing technical
assistance and supervision to the Africa and Madagascar field
programme on protected areas and species issues. In addition,
the position facilitates linkages between the field programme,
WWF International, and the NOs on policy issues pertaining to
African species and protected areas. The Programme Office is also
tasked with identifying challenges and opportunities for WWF intervention
and with bringing attention to priority issues and conservation
threats within the subregion.
Activity Objectives:
1. To chair the WWF ARWG.
2. To develop/prioritize WWF's approach to rhino conservation.
3. To liaise with relevant players within the NOs and other NGOs.
4. To liaise with African range state governments on issues pertaining
to species and protected area policies.
5. To provide technical assistance to specified projects.
6. To develop the project and programme.
7. To provide technical input to the prioritization of key conservation
issues for species and protected areas.
8. To provide technical input on issues related to sustainable
use and community participation intiatives, particularly those
with reference to species of special concern and protected areas,
in their broadest definition.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To implement, coordinate, and supervise projects relating
to species conservation and protected areas initiatives.
2. To advise on and identify threats to the conservation status
of species and habitats.
3. To propose approaches for WWF programme and policy development
in the realms of species conservation and protected areas.
4. To develop and strengthen the linkages between fieldbased
activities and policy initiatives within the WWF Network.
5. To develop and strengthen linkages and understanding between
WWF, African government authorities, and other nongovernmental
organizations on issues of mutual concern.
6. To help bridge the gap between theoretical conservation biology
and its practical implementation in the field, principally identifying
the challenges and opportunities for the conservation of species
and WWF's focal biomes.
7. To ensure that project development is based on sound scientific
information and that adequate monitoring and evaluation criteria
are identified and incorporated.
8. To facilitate the transfer of information from the field to
the appropriate players in the WWF Network.
Activity Methods:
Programme / Project Development; Programme / Project Evaluation;
Species Management; Protected Areas Management.
9F0090 Africa general: Africa & Madagascar Communications
Network
Project Summary:
The aim of this project is to build up a strong network of WWF
communicators in Africa and to stress the importance of Africa/Madagascar's
natural environment upon its people, making them aware of its
benefits.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 100 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
During WWF's restructuring years (19891990) the organization
identified a need for more projectrelated information. Both
fundraisers and communicators at WWF's funding National Organizations
(NOs) in the North wanted more information on how WWF's money
was being spent in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In response
to this, the first Africa Communications Officer was hired at
WWF International in January 1991, after which Africarelated
communications materials (articles on field projects, video features,
photographs, country and media profiles, as well as audiovisual
coverage of African projects) helped to raise WWF Network and
supporter awareness in Africa. The Africa Communications Officer
also handled information requests on WWF's Africa programme from
WWF NOs and the media. However, WWF's African media flow was primarily
from South to North. Information was exclusively tailored for
WWF's funding NOs in the North. Articles and other communications
products were geared more to a northern audience and for northern
tastes, and there was little media focus or support given to WWF
offices in Africa, although they were encouraged to use whatever
material was already available.
Since then, WWF International's communications services have developed
considerably in breadth and scope. It has become increasingly
clear that WWF's field offices need help in developing media awareness
of conservation activities in their respective countries. Also,
WWF's goal of decentralization placed priority on hiring African
press officers in WWF's country and regional offices. In recent
years six African Communications Officers have been hired, in
Zambia, Cameroon, Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria, who report
on WWF's activities in their respective regions and answer media
requests. It is now WWF International's goal to help develop and
improve the ability and expertise of the communications officers
to communicate environmental WWF information within their own
countries and to the world at large. In order to do this, the
responsibilities of the WWF International African Communications
Officer (based in Nigeria) have been expanded to include the development
of a WWF African communications network, the provision of training
and institutional support for WWF Africa Offices, and uptodate
project information to WWF International's Communication Services
Division, the Africa Field Programme, and the broader WWF Network.
This project is designed as an integral part of the Africa/Madagascar
Strategic Plan and complements WWF's goals in the "Global
Priorities to the Year 2000" document.
Project Objectives:
1. To build up a strong network of WWF communicators in Africa
that will become an integral and active part of a WWF Networkwide
communications effort, to help maintain the quality of Africa's
and Madagascar's natural environment for the benefit of its people.
2. To strengthen WWF's programme reporting and help provide faster
feedback on conservation activities to WWF NOs and other donors.
3. To increase public awareness of WWF and its conservation activities
in Africa, and to position WWF as a credible source of environmental
information.
4. To raise awareness of African environmental issues through
the creative use of radio, television, and the press media.
5. To use WWF's environmental message as an important factor
in changing the attitudes and behaviour of Africans towards their
environment, and to encourage them to stop the degradation of
their environment.
6. To increase international media coverage of WWF's Africa Programme.
9F0090.1: Africa & Madagascar Communications Network
(Jul. 94 - Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Urban Zones.
9F0098 Africa general: Marine Programme Development
Project Summary:
The purpose of WWF's marine programme in the Africa & Madagascar
region is to conserve selected critical marine and coastal areas
and species, and maintain their productivity in a way that sustains
local livelihoods and national economies in the long term. This
project provides funds for development of strategic initiatives
to this end. Activities will be described as they come on line.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 5
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 10 |
Oceans and Coasts 100 | |
Protected Areas 25 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 20 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 25 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 15
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
In March 1995 a framework for the goals and objectives of a tenyear
Marine and Coastal Strategy for the region was adopted by the
Africa & Madagascar Subcommittee.
In order to ensure that
this programmatic vision could begin implementation immediately,
the Subcommittee set aside CHF100,000 for marine and coastal conservation.
WWF's longterm, core marine and coastal conservation programme
for the region presently consists of six priority representative
or model projects: Mafia Island (Tanzania), Bazaruto Archipelago
(Mozambique), Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania), Gamba Reserves Complex
(Gabon), Mapelane (South Africa), and Kiunga Reserve (Kenya).
Additional core, representative projects could be developed in
the following countries, in order of priority: Madagascar, Seychelles,
Eritrea, and Cameroon. This will depend on the process of priority
setting within the country and subregional strategies. At the
discretion of the Nigerian Conservation Foundation, a longterm
project could also be developed for the Niger Delta. In addition
to the longterm core projects, shortterm interventions
will be recommended each year. Seed funding to develop marine
projects in the Africa & Madagascar region has been provided
by WWF-Netherlands.
Project Objectives:
Main objective:
1. To conserve selected critical marine and coastal areas and
species, and maintain their productivity in a way that sustains
local livelihoods and national economies in the long term. Five
broad objectives have been defined in pursuit of this goal.
Broad objectives:
2. To carry out communitybased resource management/conservation
successfully in WWF's core projects.
3. To conserve selected ecosystems and species of special concern
(coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, mudflats, lagoons,
estuaries, islands, upwelling areas; Mediterranean monk seal,
marine turtles, dugong, manatee, cetaceans, coelacanth, sharks,
southern bluefin tuna).
4. To enhance public and government support for marine conservation
(marine environmental education; international campaign to stop
dynamite fishing).
5. To promote development and implementation of policies and
legislation (desktop study of African fisheries policies; data
collected by TRAFFIC on key marine resources; lobby for appropriate
pricing of commercial fish stocks).
6. To design and manage WWF's marine programme for Africa &
Madagascar (capacity enhanced; priorities finetuned with
local input; efficient system of project monitoring, supervision,
and reporting; strong ties with communications network; systematic
evaluations; iterative planning).
9F0098.1: Marine Programme Development (Jul. 95 - Jun. 05)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Open Oceans and Seas.
9F0099 Africa general: Freshwater Programme Development
Project Summary:
The purpose of WWF's freshwater ecosystem programme in the Africa
& Madagascar region is to conserve selected critical freshwater
areas and species, and maintain their productivity in a way that
sustains local livelihoods and national economies in the long
term. This project provides funds for development of strategic
initiatives to this end. Activities will be described as they
come on line.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 15
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 |
| EE & Capacity Building 15 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 25 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 10 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 25 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 10
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
In March 1995 the Africa & Madagascar Subcommittee recommended
that freshwater conservation be given higher priority within the
programme, and requested that a WWF strategy for the conservation
of freshwater ecosystems in Africa & Madagascar be developed.
In order to give impetus to this programmatic vision, the Subcommittee
set aside CHF100,000 for wetland conservation. WWF-Netherlands
has provided seed funds to promote the conservation of freshwater
ecosystems once strategic priorities are defined.
Project Objectives:
1. To develop priorities and guidelines to guide WWF investments
in the conservation of freshwater ecosystems in the Africa &
Madagascar region.
9F0099.1: Desk Study on the Conservation of Freshwater Ecosystems
(Nov. 95 - Feb. 98)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
9F0100 Africa general: Sea Turtle Conservation Programme
Project Summary:
View Map
This project provides support for formulating a regional sea turtle
strategy and for training senior marine turtle researchers and
managers in the western Indian Ocean region.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 50 |
Oceans and Coasts 100 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 50 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
The sea is a special environment where linkages established by
currents, species migrations, and passive larval dispersions can
extend up to thousands of kilometres. Consequently, marine conservation
issues need to be addressed at the regional level. The Western
Indian Ocean Threatened Marine Species Initiative will emphasize
the formulation of action plans and related training programmes.
Initial efforts under this initiative will focus on marine turtles.
Of the five species of sea turtle that occur in the region, four
are listed as endangered by IUCN: green turtle (Chelonia mydas),
hawksbill (Erytmochelys imbricata), olive ridley (Lepidochelys
olivacea), and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea); the loggerhead
turtle (Caretta caretta) is listed as vulnerable. All are exposed
to tremendous mortality, due to hunting, egg harvesting, incidental
deaths in fishing gear, and loss of nesting habitat. This project
is an important element of the WWF Strategy for Marine and Coastal
Conservation in the Africa & Madagascar region.
Project Objectives:
1. To promote the development and implementation of a regional
strategy for marine turtle conservation in the western Indian
Ocean.
9F0100.2: Production of a Manual of Sea Turtle Management
and Conservation Techniques (Sep. 95 - Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
The marine turtle strategy for the western Indian Ocean, drafted
in Sodwana Bay, South Africa in November 1995, identifies the
standardization of research techniques as a major regional priority.
Standardized techniques encourage the collection of comparable
data, enable researchers to share results within regions, and
foster the development of coordinated international efforts. The
IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG) is preparing a
manual of "Management and Research Techniques for the Conservation
of Sea Turtles" for use around the world. The manual will
be divided into seven major sections: (i) Overview, (ii) Taxonomy
and Species Identification, (iii) Population and Habitat Assessment,
(iv) Data Collection and Methods, (v) Reducing Threats, (vi) Husbandry
and Veterinary Care, and (vii) Legislation and Law Enforcement.
Each chapter will provide a context and relevance for the hands-on
work described in the book. The goal of the manual is to present
a balanced overview of each topic, with text can that stand alone
for the average reader who may have virtually no access to peerreviewed
journals.
Work is well under way, with individual chapters being written
by scientists and experts from more than 15 countries and edited
by three leading researchers, Dr Karen Eckert, Dr Karen Bjorndal,
and Dr Alberto Abreu Grobois. The manual will be published in
English, Spanish, and French, with the English version being available
in October 1996.
Activity Objectives:
1. To provide stateoftheart information on
research for the conservation and management of sea turtles, and
to standardize techniques, promote appropriate methodology, and
facilitate international cooperation and collaboration in the
western Indian Ocean.
2. To develop a distribution list and encourage and promote local
workshops on standard conservation and management techniques.
IUCN, through its East African Regional Office and the Marine
Turtle Specialist Group will work with WWF to achieve this.
3. To distribute the manual in the western Indian Ocean region
so as to build capacity and encourage the development of coordinated
programmes to conserve and manage migratory populations of sea
turtles, thereby ensuring that activities in one area do not undermine
programmes in another.
9F0100.3: Turtle Excluder Device Technology Transfer in
the Western Indian Ocean (Sep. 95 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
The need to reduce incidental sea turtle mortality from shrimp
fishing is identified as a regional priority in the marine turtle
strategy for the western Indian Ocean. Shrimp fisheries are expanding
rapidly in the region and incidental sea turtle mortality needs
to be minimized by the use of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs),
net inserts which allow sea turtles to escape from shrimp nets.
Failure to reduce sea turtle mortality in shrimp fisheries now
will undermine current and future conservation activities in the
western Indian Ocean. Kenya is the region's leading advocate for
TED technology and conservationists there have expressed interest
in assisting efforts to promote TEDs in Kenya and throughout the
Indian Ocean. In 1995 Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) drafted TED
legislation for vessels operating in its waters, based on US regulations,
and expects to have these regulations adopted in 1996. As the
prospects for successful TED implementation are dependent on appropriate
early use, US assistance in TED technology transfer is urgently
needed. In 1995, conservationists in Kenya and Eritrea officially
requested US government assistance in promoting TED technology
transfer to ensure that shrimpers use TEDs properly. Representatives
from other countries in the region have also expressed considerable
interest in TEDs. The US National Marine Fisheries Service has
provided TED videos, informational materials, and a sample TED
to Kenya, but to date the agency has not acquired travel funds
to send a TED technology transfer team to East Africa.
Activity Objectives:
1. To hold TED technology workshops to ensure that shrimpers
in the western Indian Ocean have positive initial experiences
with TEDs, and employ them properly.
2. To organize TED technology workshops in Kenya in order to
provide fishermen, conservation representatives, and policy-makers
with information and expertise in the appropriate use of TEDs.
If possible, representatives from Eritrea, Tanzania, and Mozambique
should attend the Kenyan workshops.
3. To enable gear specialists to work directly with fishermen
on board their vessels to demonstrate ways in which to use TEDs
and to make gear adjustments.
9F0100.4: Western Indian Ocean Turtle Strategy (Sep. 95
- Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
Following the Sodwana Bay Sea Turtle Workshop in South Africa
in November 1995, organized by IUCN and funded by UNEP and the
Bonn Convention, the country representatives who attended the
workshop developed and endorsed a Western Indian Ocean Sea Turtle
Strategy. One of the elements of the strategy necessitates the
coordination of tagging activities in the western Indian Ocean,
and to this end the South African representative, Dr George R.
Hughes, was requested to coordinate the activities of the group
for the foreseeable future. This involves the buying and distribution
of tags and tagging equipment for the various country programmes.
So far the following countries have responded to a request for
detailed information on their tag and tagging tool requirements:
Eritrea, Kenya, Tanzania, Comoros, Mozambique, Mauritius, and
Madagascar. Seychelles and Reunion have indicated that they will
use their own tags, as will South Africa.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
9F0100.5: Capacity Building for Sea Turtle Conservation
in the western Indian Ocean (Sep. 95 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
Participants at the workshop on sea turtles at Sodwana Bay, South
Africa, in November 1995, identified the need for further training
as one important area for followup. IUCN, through its Eastern
Africa Regional Programme Office and Marine Turtle Specialist
Group, has managed to arrange the attendance of three participants
from the region (one in 1995, two in 1996) to the Symposium on
Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation held annually in the USA.
This symposium provides an extremely valuable forum for the exchange
of current and highly practical methods for sea turtle conservation
and management. It is unique in this respect and is credited with
playing a major role in development of Kenya's active sea turtle
conservation programme. The participants return fired with enthusiasm
to develop their national programmes, with increased self confidence
in their ability to achieve this, and with a host of good contacts
in the turtle conservation field. Despite the clear benefits of
participation in the symposium, the effort required to raise funds
and coordinate these visits is an extremely costly undertaking
for IUCN that cannot be sustained. For this reason, IUCN is seeking
two grants per year (totalling US$9,000) to support the attendance
annually of two nationals from the western Indian Ocean region
at the symposium.
Activity Objectives:
1. To contribute to the building of capacity for sea turtle conservation
in the western Indian Ocean by supporting the participation by
two nationals of the western Indian Ocean region in the Symposium
on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation held each year at Hilton
Head Island, USA.
2. To identify and support, through IUCN's East Africa Regional
Office in collaboration with the Western Indian Ocean Sea Turtle
Steering Committee, two nationals of the western Indian Ocean
region in attending the symposium each year, and, whilst in the
US, arrange visits to the Centre for Marine Conservation and other
agencies in Washington DC, in order to facilitate networking and
fundraising for individual programmes.
3. To train two nationals of the western Indian Ocean region
in sea turtle research and conservation methods, expose them to
other national and regional sea turtle programmes, and introduce
them to a range of new global sea turtle conservation practitioners.
9F0101 Africa general: Africa and Madagascar Programme Contingency
Fund
Project Summary:
This project provides a contingency fund for funds unspent against
the WWF Financial Year 1996 allocation.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 100 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 100
|
Project Background:
Creation of a contingency fund for funds unspent against the FY96
allocation.
Project Objectives:
1. To fund conservation initiatives within the Africa and Madagascar
Programme area.
9F0101.1: Africa and Madagascar Programme Contingency Fund
(May. 96 - Jun. 00)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objective.
Activity Methods:
Programme / Project Development.
9F0701 Africa general: Capacity Building for CommunityBased
Natural Resource Management
Project Summary:
This project seeks to build the capacity of WWF project teams,
including project collaborators, in the area of communitybased
natural resource management approaches. The project provides technical
assistance, training, and information to WWF project teams and
supports various means of facilitating exchanges among projects.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 100 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
WWF has learned through its field experience that conservation
efforts are rarely successful unless the needs of local communities
are fully understood and factored into project design and implementation
activities. Healthy ecosystems and biological diversity cannot
be maintained unless the quality of life of people who depend
on resources for their livelihoods is improved. Likewise, attempts
to improve people's quality of life without conserving natural
resources and the health of ecosystems will lead to degradation
of the very resources on which economic and social improvement
is based. In order to balance longer-term conservation objectives
with shorter-term development objectives, new and promising approaches
to conservation, called communitybased natural resource
management, have emerged over the past several years in several
African countries. WWF is collaborating with and supporting African
governmental agencies and NGOs in many of these initiatives.
The former Wildlands and Human Needs Programme (now called the
Social Science and Economics Program) has provided technical assistance
and training to WWF Africa programme and field projects since
1990. The focus of these capacity building efforts has in the
past been southern Africa. Southern Africa subregional training
workshops were held in September 1991 and February 1993, while
a Central/East Africa (including Madagascar) workshop was held
in February 1994. Technical assistance has been provided primarily
to the "Support to ADMADE Project, Zambia", the "Rwenzori
Mountains Conservation and Development Project, Uganda",
and the "Lake Malawi National Park Project, Malawi".
Information on capacity building for community-based natural resource
management is shared with many projects on a request basis.
In 1993 this project absorbed activities previously implemented
under project 9F0075. The focus of this project continues to be
capacity building in community-based natural resource management.
Various approaches are applied, including holding workshops.
Project Objectives:
Main objective:
1. To conserve biological diversity and promote effective natural
resource management while improving the quality of life for area
residents.
Specific objectives:
1. To provide technical assistance to WWF projects in project
design, monitoring and evaluation, and training in community-based
natural resource management approaches.
2. To support exchange of ideas among projects by supporting
study tours, internships, and workshops.
3. To produce training materials for use by project teams.
4. To disseminate informational materials on community-based
natural resource management approaches.
9F0701.1: Capacity Building for Communitybased Natural
Resource Management (Jul. 93 - Jun. 96)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Tropical Dry Forest.
9F0702 Africa general: USDA Sustainable Tropical Forest Management
Project Summary:
In response to the need to halt shortsighted forest exploitation,
the WWF West and Central Africa programme works to promote sustainable
tropical forest management alternatives that support the economic
needs of local peoples and maintain the forest resource base.
The USDA-supported Community-Based Natural Forest Management programme
is consistent with the West and Central Africa approach in that
it is intended to promote sustainable tropical forest management
alternatives that support the economic needs of local peoples
and maintain the forest resource base.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 100 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 50 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 50 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
The USDA Community-Based Natural Forest Management (CBNFM) programme
started in the WWF Latin America programme and was subsequently
expanded to include Africa and Asia. The programme in Latin America
has been geared towards strengthening and formalizing its already
existent forestry network through workshops, information exchange,
technical assistance, and training. Currently, the West and Central
Africa Programme has a forestry project base in Congo, Central
African Republic, Gabon, and Cameroon which deal largely with
protected area and species management, as well as linking conservation
with human needs and global threats. The community and forestrybased
foci of the USDA CBNFM programme are thus consistent with current
Africa programme priorities and project activities, and provide
an opportunity for the West and Central Africa Programme to make
a natural progression into developing a broader-based West and
Central African community-based forestry programme. Because a
forestry network comparable to that in Latin America does not
yet exist in West and Central Africa, the West and Central Africa
Programme is focusing on identifying and assessing projects which
will constitute the network, and providing technical assistance
to some of those projects. Some of these activities will be carried
out in collaboration with WWF International efforts in forestry
networking.
Project Objectives:
Main objective:
1. To protect biodiversity through an exchange of information
among projects that demonstrate sustainable use of forest resources.
Specific objectives:
2. To provide a forum for people working in the field of communitybased
natural forest management to exchange information; learn from
each other's successes and failures; think through certain issues
together (with different points of view); identify training needs;
identify technical assistance needs; and develop a network for
continued information sharing through Central and West Africa.
3. To provide or facilitate technical assistance on an ad hoc
basis to different projects in the network.
4. To facilitate technical exchanges throughout the network to
allow for more crossfertilization of ideas.
9F0702.1: Proposed Management Projects and Technical Assistance
(Jul. 94 - Jun. 96)
Activity Background:
This activity sets out to improve the protection of biodiversity
through information exchange among NGOs focused on community forest
management.
Activity Objectives:
View Map
1. To conduct desk and field assessments of community-based natural
forest management (CBNFM) projects in Benin, Togo, Ghana, and
Côte d'Ivoire; contacts to be followed up with requests
for concrete suggestions for training and information sharing.
2. To conduct an indepth assessment of CBNFM projects in
Cameroon and to carry out a comparative analysis of community
forestry projects versus logging.
3. To continue identification of projects to take part in the
network.
4. To provide technical assistance on the economics of logging
provided to the DzangaSangha project in CAR.
5. To cosponsor a workshop with the WWF International Forest
Action Network for African NGOs working in forest conservation.
Activity Biomes:
Tropical Moist Forest.
(Concept) 9F0082 Africa general: African Rhino Specialist Group
Operating Budget
Project Summary:
This project will provide support to the African
Rhino Specialist Group of IUCN's Species Survival Commission which
requires an operating budget to undertake activities aimed at
the longterm conservation of Africa's rhinos.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 100 | |
Species 100 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
View Map
The African Rhino Specialist Group (ARSG) is one of the specialist
groups operating under IUCN's Species Survival Commission. ARSG's
mission is to promote the longterm conservation of Africa's
rhinos and, where necessary, the recovery of their populations
to viable levels.
The black rhinoceros has declined from 65,000 in 1970 to about
3,450 today, and there are fewer than 10 populations greater than
100 animals. Fairly large and potentially viable populations survive
in South Africa (771 animals), Namibia (479), Kenya (398), and
Zimbabwe (500), although most are split into fairly small groups
and only the first three countries have experienced increases
in recent years. The remaining 15 range states with the exception
of Tanzania (185) all have populations of less than 100 rhinos;
in many cases less than 10 individuals. The northern white rhinoceros
is restricted in the wild to one population of 30 animals in Garamba
National Park, Zaire, where intensive management has been applied
over the last decade. This population is increasing, but the subspecies
remains highly endangered. The southern white rhinoceros continues
to increase, largely due to sound conservation management within
South Africa, where about 90% of the overall population occurs.
Numbers are estimated to have increased from about 4,600 in 1987
to 5,200 today.
The continued promotion of rhino conservation on the African continent
is justified on the grounds of the continued decline of the black
rhinoceros and the extremely critical status of the northern white
rhinoceros. IUCN depends to a large extent on the voluntary participation
of a wide variety of experts for the operation of Specialist Groups.
Funds are normally provided for annual meetings, but other expenses,
such as the operating requirements of the ARSG, and funds for
specific projects are not covered. ARSG meetings will concentrate
on debate and discussion on generic issues and problems, but the
development of detailed strategies, action plans and technical
guidelines will mainly be handled externally through other meetings
and workshops. The effectiveness of specialist groups, such as
ARSG and the Southern African Rhino Management Group, is often
limited by the time members are able to invest in activities out
of committee or workshop. Minor research investigations become
extended and major delays are experienced in compiling strategic
documents such as action plans and technical guidelines. The result
is that many innovative ideas and strategies are not implemented
in a timely fashion. Funds for travel, consultancies, and workshops
required to overcome some of these difficulties will be provided
by this project.
Project Objectives:
1. To provide and improve technical information and advise on
the conservation of Africa's rhinos to government range state
management agencies, nongovernmental conservation organizations,
including both international and Africabased organizations,
intergovernmental organizations, and nonrange state organizations.
2. To promote and catalyse conservation activities on behalf
of Africa's rhinos, to be carried out by the clients listed in
objective one.
9F0082.1: African Rhino Specialist Group Operating Budget
(Feb. 93 - Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Methods:
Institutional Support and Development; Species Management.
Activity Species:
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).
(Concept) 9F0092 Africa general: Limitation of Fisheries Bycatch
and Direct Killing of Cetaceans in W. Africa
Project Summary:
The IUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group is seeking funding for
continuation of a project in response to the killing of 3,0005,000
dolphins per year by the tropical tuna fishery off West Africa.
Mortality of cetaceans in these fisheries is largely unmonitored
and is undoubtedly a major threat. Coastal species such as harbour
porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and Atlantic humpback dolphin (Souza
teuszii) are of particular concern.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 100 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 100 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
There is growing evidence of significant bycatches of small cetaceans
(dolphins and porpoises) in both largescale foreign fisheries
and smallscale domestic fisheries operating off many West
African countries, from Morocco to Gabon. With overexploitation
and reduced yields from fisheries in many parts of the world,
distant water fleets from Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and the EU are
looking for new fishing grounds and are moving into sea areas
off Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, Ghana, and Togo.
In addition
the UN moratorium on high seas driftnets, which came into
effect in 1993, has caused some driftnetting fleets, which
have particularly high rates of bycatch, to move into the EEZs
of countries that continue to allow use of this method. Smaller-scale
domestic and artisanal fisheries also use methods with a high
rate of bycatch, including cetaceans. Encircling gillnets
are widely used (e.g. in Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, and
Ghana) and driftnets are important in Ghana and Nigeria.
A new driftnet fishery for tuna, swordfish and sharks has
been established off Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana in the last
10 years and "regularly" catches dolphins (source: Northridge,
"Driftnet fisheries and their impact on non-target
species", FAO, 1990). The species involved include common
dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, spotted dolphin, spinner dolphin,
roughtoothed dolphin, Atlantic humpbacked dolphin,
and pygmy sperm whale. A review of coastal fisheries, both artisanal
and industrial, in all of West Africa is badly needed. A field
guide to the marine mammals of West Africa has been prepared but
needs to be translated and distributed to West African centres
which investigate sightings, strandings, and catches.
Project Objectives:
1. To set up data collection programmes.
2. To train local fisheries biologists.
3. To provide reports to governments where problems occur, with
recommendations for management and the establishment of longterm
research and monitoring programmes.
9F0092.1: Investigation of Fisheries by Catch and Direct
Killing of Cetaceans (Oct. 96 - Jun. 98)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Methods:
Species Management.
(Concept) 9F0096 Africa general: Human/Elephant Conflict -
Assessing the Problems and Prospects
Project Summary:
Using existing information and data sets, this project will identify
areas of existing or potential conflict between people and elephants
in Africa. Once identified, these areas will be prioiritized for
further conservation action, including the identification of key
areas where there is potential for conflict resolution and field
projects. The project would also compile and consolidate information
from across Africa and provide a synthesis of lessons learned
to date.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 50 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 50 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
The past few years have witnessed a definite upsurge in the reported
incidence of conflict between humans and elephants throughout
the range of the African elephant. In the 1970s, conservationists
focused their attention on trying to reduce the poaching of elephants
by humans. Today, many governments are faced instead with the
issue of loss of human life and property to elephants. Over 80%
of Africa's elephants now live outside protected areas. With an
everexpanding human population, the interface between people
and elephants has increased to the extent where there is growing
competition between elephants and people over their shared but
limited resource - land. This is a conflict which is destined
to continue. Different reasons, besides human demographic trends,
have been put forward to explain the apparent increase in humanelephant
conflict. Recent public outcry about elephant damage in several
countries may, in some way, be linked to the politicization of
the issue and the pressure for accountability on the part of African
governments. Some observers believe that the increase in humanelephant
conflict is the indirect result of the decline in elephant poaching,
concomitant with the international ban on ivory trade and a sudden
increase in antipoaching budgets, in the early 1990s. Elephants
have moved back into areas which had previously been rendered
dangerous by poaching, and which have since been occupied by humans.
Whatever the reasons, the problem of conflict and its impact on
the longterm conservation of the African elephant must be
faced. It is doubtful that elephants will ever recover to historical
levels, even with effective controls on all forms of illegal offtake.
In reality, elephants will be increasingly limited to protected
areas where their numbers will grow and where in turn they will
create new problems, caused by their confinement to limited habitats.
In order to confront the problems, lasting solutions must be found
that enable people to realize their own needs and conserve their
resources while allowing the survival of elephants and preserving
the integrity of ecosystems. There is a need to coordinate efforts
across the continent for the longterm conservation of the
African elephant. This proposal puts forward the objectives of
such an approach.
Project Objectives:
1. To identify existing and potential areas of humanelephant
interface in all the range states.
2. To categorise areas identified in (1) as those with (a) existing
humanelephant conflict and (b) potential humanelephant
conflict.
3. To prioritise the areas in (2) and (a) those which can no
longer viably support elephant populations and (b) those in which
elephants and humans might coexist provided solutions to
conflicts are found and implemented.
4. To compile and consolidate existing information from individual
researchers, governments, and the IUCN/SSC African Elephant Specialist
Group and produce a document on the lessons learned to date.
5. To identify critical sites for the initiation of field projects
to study and recommend solutions to elephant-human conflicts.
9F0096.1: Human/Elephant Conflict - Assessing the Problems
and Prospects (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
1. A central database will be developed (in collaboration with
the African Elephant Database project) containing elephant population
data, human population data, and landuse data in the African
elephant range states.
2. To use the database to categorize areas of existing and potential
conflict, and priority and nonpriority conservation areas.
3. To select key areas in the four regions of the African elephant's
range - Western, Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa - to conduct
pilot trials of conflict mitigation techniques. The chosen sites
will vary geographically and will reflect different types of conflict
situations.
4. To evaluate the effectiveness of the trials and make recommendations
for widescale application.
5. To formulate, in collaboration with range state governments,
national elephant management plans for elephant ranges within
and outside protected areas, with precise policies for elephant
conservation in nonpriority and priority areas/populations
previously defined. Resources will be targeted for the longterm
implementation of the conservation plans.
Activity Species:
African elephant (Loxodonta africana).
(Concept) 9F0097 Africa general: Support to East African NonGovernmental
Organizations (NGOs)
Project Summary:
This project will provide support to local non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) and CBOs in the region to build their capacity to undertake
environmental conservation activities, especially those that promote
conservation of WWF's global priority biomes (forests, freshwater,
and oceans and coasts). Particular attention will be given to
environmental education and awareness capacity building.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 100 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 100 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
After many years of experience working in the East Africa region,
WWF appreciates that environmental conservation is best achieved
through the involvement of local peoples. Attempts to reach local
communities are usually delayed by lengthy bureaucracies that
international conservation NGOs have to undergo if government
organizations are involved. A number of indigenous NGOs and CBOs
have been established in the recent past. These groups have direct
contact with local communities but lack both human and material
resources to promote environmental conservation. WWF therefore
wishes, through its Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office and
this project, to strengthen the capacity of these NGOs and CBOs
to influence local communities towards environmental conservation.
Project Objectives:
1. To strengthen local NGOs and CBOs through staff training.
2. To build capacity of local NGOs and CBOs through provision
of equipment.
3. To use intervention funds to assist those NGOs and CBOs that
are not fully established.
9F0097.1: Support to East African NonGovernmental
Organizations (NGOs) (Jan. 96 - Dec. 98)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Methods:
Education.
|