NP0016 Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area



Project Summary:

Launched in 1986, the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) is WWF's largest programme in Nepal. Operating under the supervision of the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation, a semi­autonomous organization, it is headquartered in Ghandruk with a liaison office in Pokhara. For its strategy of resource management through local community involvement in areas of forestry, tourism, alternate energy, and other sectors of conservation, it has won several awards. ACAP has been cited as a model of integrated conservation and development projects for the world. WWF will continue to support ACAP until it reaches its goal of self­sufficiency from increasing tourist entry fees.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 50Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 30
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 20
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 50 Sustainable Resource Use 50
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

The Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), launched in 1986, is WWF's largest undertaking in Nepal, supervised by the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation. The project's strategy of resource management through local community involvement in the fields of forestry, tourism, alternate energy, and other sectors of conservation, has been hailed as a model of successfully integrated conservation and development. ACAP's greatest success so far has been the level of local community commitment to the project. Its achievements to date include the planting of some 50,000 seedlings annually, training for local lodge owners, demonstration plots on agroforestry, operation of a prototype micro­hydro station and kerosene depots, demonstration of solar power and heat storage units, community health clinics with family planning services, education programmes in schools, and adult literacy programmes for men and women.

Project Objectives:

1. To manage natural resources on a sustainable basis for biological conservation and to fulfil basic human needs.

2. To improve the quality of life of people through provision of community development programmes.

3. To improve people's attitudes towards conservation and development.

4. To preserve cultural heritage by working with the rich and diverse ethnic culture of the region.

5. To develop a database on the sociological, cultural, and biological diversity of the Annapurna region.

6. To develop human resources for the management of the Annapurna Conservation Area.

7. To empower local communities to manage their natural resources.

NP0016.2: Annapurna Conservation Area - Strategic Plan (Extension) (Jun. 85 - Jun. 96)

Activity Background:

WWF will continue to support ACAP until it reaches its goal of self­sufficiency through tourist entry fee revenues, probably by 1998-99. During the WWF fiscal year 1994-95, ACAP was supported for ongoing programmes such as natural resource conservation, sustainable rural development, conservation education, and ecotourism. The highlights of 1994-95 activities included a participatory monitoring and evaluation workshop, establishment of a biodiversity database, and local community participation in conservation eduction training. In 1995-96 support was continued to strengthen the capacity of the local grass roots organizations such as ACAP's conservation and development committees. WWF continued to help enhance the capabilities of project staff in monitoring and evaluation and conservation education, and one senior staff member was sponsored for a natural resource management MSc degree in the UK. From WWF fiscal year 1996-97, support will continue for capacity building, including strategic planning and preparation of a management plan for the ACAP area.

Activity Objectives:

1. To review and prepare a management plan for ACAP to manage natural resources on a sustainable basis, for biological conservation and fulfilment of basic human needs.

2. To develop a strategic plan for ACAP through staff participation.

3. To develop human resources for the management of ACAP.

NP0019 Nepal: Institutional Support for the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation

Project Summary:

WWF has provide institutional support for the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) since 1990. In September 1994 a supplementary agreement was signed with DNPWC, opening a new avenue of mutual cooperation with government agencies. Further funding will be necessary in assisting the DNPWC to establish a biodiversity database, further advancing conservation awareness programmes, enabling staff to attend technical meetings and workshops, and continuing anti­poaching activities in and around the parks. The department is also being assisted with editorial support to enhance reporting capability.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 100

Project Background:

WWF has provide institutional support for the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) since 1990. Activities have included the procurement of communications equipment and vehicles, conducting censuses (e.g. of rhinos), a wardens' conference, training of department staff, production of exhibits, and support for television spots for public awareness. Funding has also been provided for field gear and equipment for anti­poaching units in the lowland parks; this is now an indispensable component of National Park activities. In September 1994 a supplementary agreement was signed with DNPWC, opening a new avenue of mutual cooperation with government agencies. Support since then has gone towards essential equipment such as computers, audio­visual materials, and further field gear, as well as staff participation in training programmes, conservation education programmes in the schools around the protected areas, and anti-poaching activities in Royal Chitwan National Park and Royal Shukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve. Further funding will be necessary in assisting the DNPWC to establish a biodiversity database, further advancing conservation awareness programmes, enabling staff to attend technical meetings and workshops, and continuing anti­poaching activities in and around the parks. The department is also being assisted with editorial support to enhance reporting capability.

Project Objectives:

Main objective:

1. To provide support to the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation to effectively implement its conservation activities in Nepal's protected areas.

Specific objectives:

2. To provide the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation with emergency help to acquire equipment and funds when required, such as in the case of anti­poaching work.

3. To support the staff in participating in overseas seminars and training.

4. To support production of educational materials, e.g. for displays and television spots.

5. To provide infrastructural support, e.g. office equipment, furniture, and other materials.

6. To enable DNPWC staff to attend regional courses in wildlife conservation and parks management.

NP0019.2: Institutional Support to Department of NP and Wildlife Conservation (Extension) (Jul. 94 - Jul. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0022 Nepal: Strategy for the Management, Protection, and Improvement of Shey Pkoksundo National Park

Project Summary:

Located in a remote part of Nepal, the Shey Phoksundo region is a backward area in terms of modern economic activities. WWF's support has been instrumental in developing physical infrastructure and human resources for the Shey Phoksundo National Park. Along with some infrastructural development, an operational plan has been prepared for which WWF support is crucial for implementation. The project's objective is to manage the natural resources of the park and help elevate the living standards of local people through a process of community participation. Project activities include biodiversity and wildlife surveys, park protection measures, pasture management, and conservation and development programmes, including ecotourism, conservation education, alternate energy, and infrastructure strengthening.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 50Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 20
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 30
Non-Priority Biomes 50
Species 0Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 50
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

Shey Phoksundo National Park, with its rich biological diversity, unique Trans­Himalayan ecology and stark natural beauty, is unique in Nepal. This area was set aside to protect one of the last wild habitats of such endangered species as snow leopard, wild yak, Tibetan antelope, and wild ass. WWF's support has been instrumental in developing physical infrastructure and human resources for the park since 1993. Staff quarters, office buildings, trails and tourist camping sites are already completed. The infrastructure development, coupled with the provision of field equipment, has greatly improved working conditions for park guards. Another significant WWF contribution has been training for park staff. Two mid­level staff members, natives of the region, received training in park management at Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. The Shey Phoksundo warden, Mr Nima Wangchu Sherpa, completed his Master's degree in range science at Montana State University. Recently, groups of local leaders and teachers completed a study tour in Chitwan and Pokhara. Similarly, local women are training in income generation in Chitwan. A forest nursery was also established to promote fast­growing species.

Project Objectives:

1. To improve and maintain local living standards while safeguarding the region's unique environmental and cultural heritage.

2. To develop alternative income sources which promote sustainable natural resource management.

3. To develop a tourism management plan which benefits local people and moderates environmental and cultural impacts of tourism on this sensitive region.

4. To reduce the impacts of grazing through improved livestock and pasture management, i.e. improved fodder quality, increased livestock productivity, rotational grazing schemes, and strengthened local rangeland management organizations.

5. To maintain existing forest cover and restore degraded forests through reforestation, agroforestry, user group forestry, alternative energy projects, and village nurseries.

6. To strengthen the capacities of local community and government institutions that manage and regulate the use of natural resources.

7. To develop a management plan for Shey Phoksundo National Park, based on scientific principles and with the participation of the local people.

8. To increase awareness of the importance of biodiversity among local people through environmental education.

9. To increase women's participation in the development programme through non­formal education classes that increase literacy and teach health, sanitation, marketing, and tourism management; and by ensuring women's active participation in all aspects of planning and in implementing all phases of the programme.

NP0022.2: Strategy for Management, Protection and Improvement, Shey Phoksundo (Extension) (Jul. 94 - Jul. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0023 Nepal: Field Action Research Grant

Project Summary:

Established in 1990, the first grant under the Field Action Research Grant programme went to the Natural History Museum of Nepal. Since then the programme has supported research into anti­poaching, ecotourism, and action research conducted by local scientists, conservationists, and university students. Applications for small grants are reviewed by a panel of experts. The grants have encouraged competition among emerging scientists to develop sound proposals with new ideas and concepts on biodiversity conservation. Ultimately, it is envisioned that work undertaken with the assistance of this programme will collectively strengthen the national database.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0

Project Background:

Since its inception in 1990, this small grants programme has been very successful in responding to immediate conservation needs, such as anti­poaching, ecotourism and action research conducted by local scientists, conservationists and university students. In 1994-95 some 25 research proposals were selected from over 50 applications, with a total budget of about US$36,000 and an average funding of US$1,360 per proposal. Proposals received for the small grants are reviewed by a panel of experts, and the grants are administered by the field office. Most of the proposals concern grass roots research on plants, animals, or issues such as parks and local people. Others are concerned with conservation education programmes and development of materials. Grants of up to US$5,000 are available and the programme has encouraged healthy competition among emerging scientists to develop sound proposals with new ideas and concepts on biodiversity conservation. Some example projects have included a rhino census, the discovery of a new orchid species, a song contest, a workshop on the control of illegal wildlife trade, and a pesticide study. The programme is publicized among prospective recipients, such as university students and conservation organizations. Priority is given to supporting studies of species and habitats for which little or no data exist. It is envisioned that contributions from work undertaken under the small grants programme will collectively strengthen the national database.

Project Objectives:

Main objective:

1. To support small-scale research programmes that are relevant to the WWF Nepal Country Plan in addressing urgent needs, protecting conservation values, and corresponding to the established conservation methods and mission of WWF.

Specific objectives:

2. To respond to immediate conservation needs such as anti­poaching and orchid inventory.

3. To promote new concepts and ideas on conservation such as ecotourism and green quiz contests.

4. To encourage local scientists and students to undertake output-oriented action research and collect basic information.

5. To support local scientists and non-governmental bodies in expanding their conservation ideology.

NP0023.2: Action Research Grants (Extension) (Jul. 94 - Jul. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0024 Nepal: Royal Bardia National Park Conservation Programme

Project Summary:

Established in 1976 as a wildlife reserve and gazetted as a National Park (NP) in 1988, Royal Bardia NP was extended into the Babai Valley in order to protect potential habitat for endangered species such as greater one­horned rhinoceros. This involved the translocation of nearly 1,500 families. The park has faced a number of threats and challenges emanating from in­migration of local people, and from the expansion of development activities in its periphery. Serious threats and challenges are the pressures on natural resources, wildlife accidents and crop damage, expansion of physical infrastructure, and wildlife poaching. Under an agreement with the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, management and community development activities are being carried out by the park office. This includes anti­poaching work, community forestry, wildlife damage control, public awareness, staff training, biodiversity surveys, ecotourism and operational plan preparation, guard posts, community services, and an information centre. Under a separate agreement with the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation, work is carried out on wildlife monitoring, education, and community services. This project supports the long-term conservation programme for the park.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 100

Project Background:

Royal Bardia National Park encompasses diverse wildlife habitats such as sal ("Shorea robusta" - an important timber tree) and riverine forest, grassland, floodplain and river valleys. As such it is a key park for the conservation of Asian wildlife. Rhinoceros, black buck, and crocodiles have been translocated to the park from Royal Chitwan National Park and elsewhere. Reintroduction of 13 rhinos from Royal Chitwan National Park was carried out in 1986, with a further 25 individuals in 1991. These rhinos are now breeding and producing offspring, increasing the genetic variability of the area's rhino populations. Similar efforts were made for the endangered blackbuck in 1993, but failed due to technical and climatic reasons. Funding of this project first came from the Fort Worth Zoological Society, with initial management by WWF in collaboration with the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation and the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation. A 1992 evaluation emphasized the need for development of park infrastructure, training of park staff, and monitoring of translocated rhinoceros, crocodile, and black buck, and recommended the construction of guard posts in the Babai valley. Under this project the park's conservation programme will extend its community development activities in the park's buffer zones. This will include further strengthening of anti­poaching units, preventing crop damage by wildlife, activating conservation education and public awareness, management of existing research stations, developing a research and monitoring system, and developing projects that integrate the local people with the park.

Project Objectives:

1. To establish a viable breeding population of greater one­horned rhinoceros in Royal Bardia National Park.

2. To strengthen management and protection of the park, including provision of equipment, guard posts, a patrol road, and technical assistance.

3. To develop buffer zone management activities to reduce park-people conflicts.

NP0024.2: Royal Bardia National Park Conservation Programme (Extension) (Jul. 94 - Jul. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

Main objective:

1. To promote the conservation of biodiversity in and around Royal Bardia National Park by strengthening the capacity of local institutions responsible for resource management and conservation in Bardia area.

Specific objectives:

2. To improve management in the National Park.

3. To conduct biological and socio­economic inventories.

4. To establish a biological and socio­economic database.

5. To strengthen anti­poaching units.

6. To strengthen management capacities through training and equipment.

7. To re-demarcate park boundaries.

8. To promote conservation education activities.

9. To improve sustainable agriculture and forestry practices.

10. To reduce damage from marauding wildlife.

11. To improve animal husbandry and livestock management practices.

12. To improve natural forest regeneration.

13. To promote alternative income schemes.

14. To encourage women in conservation and development activities.

15. To develop sustainable nature-based tourism.

16. To establish social services and community infrastructure.

NP0025 Nepal: Sagarmatha Pollution Control Project, Sagarmatha National Park

Project Summary:

Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, Sagarmatha National Park received adverse media attention for the accumulation of garbage produced by trekkers and mountaineers along its trails and around camping sites. This challenging situation spurred local people to organize clean-up programmes which received initial funding from WWF. In addition to pollution control activities, WWF initiated awareness programme and has been instrumental in establishing the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee (SPCC) as a registered non­governmental organization capable of handling project activities on its own. WWF has mediated an agreement with the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation under which the committee will receive RS3 million.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0
EE & Capacity Building 0Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 100

Project Background:

Sagarmatha National Park, which extends over 1,243 sq km, is listed as a World Heritage site for its diverse and unique flora, fauna, and geographical conditions. Quantities of garbage deposited along trails and around camping sites by trekkers and mountaineers necessitated locally organized clean-up programmes, which received initial funding from WWF. As a result, the project has created a local institutional base for environmental conservation in the park, which has gradually gathered momentum. The project is managed by a local body, the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee (SPCC), which is registered as a non­governmental organization. The executive and advisory councils of the body are chaired by the Abbot of Tengboche Monastery, and represented by local voluntary clubs, village development councils, and the warden of the Sagarmatha National Park.

WWF funding has been further utilized to: (a) develop office management guidelines and procedures for the committee; (b) develop a community forestry management plan for the Pharak area; (c) initiate a kerosene depot under the park management; (d) procure office equipment; and (e) sponsor the training of two staff abroad. WWF has also provided technical to SPCC to establish two information centres. SPCC activities include cleaning, education and training. Under the tripartite agreement between the government of Nepal, SPCC, and WWF Nepal Programme, since 1993-94 the government has provided funds for the park totalling RS5 million from "peak" fees paid by mountaineers. Similarly, various organizations have extended their support to cover a wide range of activities, including provision of incinerators. Activities during 1994-95 included implementation of the Pharak forestry plan and management guidelines, a review of the existing operation plan, completion of the kerosene depot at Namche, and capacity building of the SPCC staff.

Project Objectives:

Main objective:

1. To enable the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee to undertake pollution control work and community development programmes through local people's participation in the Khumbu region on a sustainable basis.

Specific objectives:

2. To protect the natural environment of the Khumbu region by undertaking such activities as forestry, pollution control, erosion control, awareness, and education.

3. To help preserve the cultural heritage of the region by promoting rituals, festivals, religious values, and monastery conservation.

4. To help develop environmentally sensitive tourism in the region by creating a visitor information centre, implementing lodge owners' training, taking visitor safety measures, and improving communication systems.

5. To help develop community services under the concept of conservation and development, such as electricity, water supply, health services, sanitation, schools, trails, and bridges.

NP0025.2: Sagarmatha Pollution Control Project, Sagarmatha National Park (Extension) (Jul. 94 - Jul. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0863 Nepal: Integrate Pest Management in Nepal

Project Summary:

In Nepal, commercial growers of such crops as cotton are overly reliant on chemical pesticides for pest management. The WWF Nepal Programme proposes to demonstrate the economic and environmental benefits of reducing reliance on chemical pesticides for growing cotton by enhancing reliance on biological and mechanical control methods. Such a demonstration would be the first step in promoting nationwide adoption of a policy of reduced reliance on chemical pesticides. A demonstration project would be complemented by work on implementation and enforcement of pesticide management laws and regulations.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 100
Freshwater Ecosystems 0
EE & Capacity Building 0Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

There has been growing global concern about the adverse effect of extensive use of pesticides in health, agriculture, and industrial sectors. A study was carried out by WWF Nepal Programme to assess the current patterns of use of pesticides in Nepal, to examine its impact on health and environment, and the existing and potential roles of governmental and non­governmental organizations, and to recommend approaches for reduction of pesticide use in Nepal. The study reveals that the misuse of pesticides occurs mainly in illiterate rural communities. Moreover, farmers, dealers, retailers, stockists and other users have inadequate technical know-how on safe handling and proper usage of pesticides. Users lacking safety measures while applying pesticides in field crops and in disease vector control are forced into breathing polluted air, drinking polluted water, and eating food contaminated with pesticides. Reviews of alternative pest management strategies in agriculture and public health indicate that agriculture research in Nepal, especially in plan protection and public health, is at an initial stage. The main governing factors are lack of trained manpower, laboratory facilities and proper monitoring and evaluation, weak institutional coordination, and the short-sightedness of government in planning and policies, as well as weak implementation of plans, programmes, and regulation.

Project Objectives:

1. To develop a feasibility study for a project to demonstrate the economic and environmental benefits of reduced reliance on chemical pesticides for the commercial growing of cotton.

2. To implement a demonstration project.

3. To disseminate integrated pest management (IPM) knowledge, including traditional knowledge systems.

NP0863.2: Integrated Pest Management in Nepal (Extension) (Jul. 95 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0864 Nepal: Abraham's Conservation Award Programme (Nepal)

Project Summary:

This aim of this project is to provide a mechanism to publically recognize dedicated grass roots conservation workers in Nepal. In addition to public recognition, winners will receive a cash award which will serve to further motivate them in their conservation efforts.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 100

Project Background:

Up to now Nepal has not had a sustainable mechanism to recognize the grass roots conservation efforts of field conservationists, particularly those involved in front-line conservation. This project is designed to remedy this by establishing an annual conservation award, named after the award's major donor.

Project Objectives:

1. To create a mechanism to award dedicated field conservationists in Nepal on an annual basis.

2. To increase conservation awareness and motivation at grass roots level by providing a one-time cash award.

(New winners will be selected on an annual basis.)

NP0864.2: Abraham's Conservation Award (Nepal) (Extension) (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0865 Nepal: Operational Support to the Nepal Country Office

Project Summary:

This project provides support for the operational costs of the Nepal Country Programme.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 100

Project Background:

WWF involvement in Nepal dates back to 1967 when it supported work to conserve endangered species such as the greater one­horned rhinoceros and the royal Bengal tiger. Focusing initially on research and training, WWF's Nepal programme has expanded to cover conservation education, protected areas and endangered species management, and institutional strengthening. Today, the programme is also concerned with addressing human needs and community issues. Activities that integrate conservation with development are encouraged. In 1993, WWF signed a General Agreement with His Majesty's Government of Nepal and opened the Nepal Country Office in Kathmandu to coordinate and monitor project activities. The field office has been instrumental in facilitating WWF projects in Nepal; coordinating scholarships, small grants, and training; promoting WWF's message through mass media; and administering small grants and the Abraham Conservation Awards. Through the decentralization process, WWF Nepal Programme is pro-actively developing conservation projects in the Himalayas.

Project Objectives:

1. To assist the Nepal Country Office with its operational costs.

2. To assist the office in developing proposals for funding.

3. To provide field staff with exposure to WWF activities around the world.

NP0865.2: Nepal Country Office (Extension) (Jun. 95 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

(Concept) NP0859 Nepal: Kanchenjunga Conservation Project: Proposed Biosphere Reserve

Project Summary:

View Map

The Kanchenjunga mountain region encompasses unique environmental characteristics, including rich forests of Himalayan larch (Larix griffthiana) mixed with Abies species, and numerous glaciers. Mount Kanchenjunga is the second highest peak in the country, and the third highest in the world. The eastern side of the region, which lies in India, is already a National Park. In September 1994 a team consisting of natural resource management specialists (a wildlife ecologist, botanist, sociologist, and political economist) completed a feasibility study of the area. Now, WWF Nepal Programme has developed the Kanchenjunga Conservation Project which aims to protect the region's rich environment and help local communities improve their standard of living.
Priority Biomes %
Strategies %Forests 60 Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 20
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 40
Non-Priority Biomes 40 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 40
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

Mount Kanchanjunga, at 8,586m, is the second-highest mountain in Nepal after Mount Everest and the third highest in the world after Mount K­2. Within the biogeographic region of Kanchanjunga there are four National Parks and one Conservation Area in existence. However, Kanchanjunga itself has three unique features sufficient to make it worthy of declaration as a Conservation Area: (a) it is the second-highest mountain in the country; (b) it has more than 500ha of Himalayan larch (Larix griffthiana) forest mixed with Abies species. Himalayan larch is also found in Langtang National Park but it is scattered and does not occur as forest in its own right, and has been recorded as a threatened species in the IUCN Red Book; and (c) there are a high number of glaciers in the region, with probably the longest glacier (Kanchanjunga glacier) in the world.

Another important aspect of the Kanchanjunga area is that India has already declared the eastern side of the Kanchanjunga as a protected area. Declaration as a Conservation Area in Nepal will help to strengthen its protection as a unique mountain system. (The northern part of the Kanchanjuga system lies in the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China.) According to the National Conservation Strategy for Nepal, the Kanchanjunga area meets four of the six criteria for consideration as a protected area: (i) it is a site of significant religious, cultural, archaeological, and historic value; (ii) it contains examples of outstanding site­specific or unique land-form or geomorphic features; (iii) it contains sites necessary for the preservation of genetic diversity; and (iv) it contains habitats essential for the preservation and enhancement of rare and/or endangered species.

Project Objectives:

1. To develop prerequisites for establishing a Conservation Area in the Kanchenjungha region by developing technical and legal documentation.

2. To prepare an operational plan and draft regulations through a participatory approach.

3. To implement a pilot project under the plan and regulations in collaboration with government, donors, and the local people and institutions by establishing an office and appointing staff, and initating fundraising and field activities.



NP0859.1: Feasibility Study of Kanchanjungha area for a protected area status (Jul. 95 - Jun. 96)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To review available literature on the region to understand its culture, acquire information on the diversity of flora and fauna, and explore its potential for tourism.

2. To study land use in the region with the help of LRMP maps, Indian 1­inch topography survey maps, and aerial photographs and Landsat imagery from different periods. To develop a digitized map to assist with the development of the conservation area.

3. To select and form a team of experts (formed by a forester, wildlife expert, botanist, zoologist, geomorphologist, archaeologist, and social scientist/anthropologist) to carry out a field survey of the region.

4. To develop methodology for the fieldwork in order to obtain the required information for establishing the Conservation Area. Community participation will be sought at each step.

5. To conduct a survey of the area over a period of 5-6 weeks.

6. To determine the boundaries of the Conservation Area in consultations at local and district level meetings, involving local leaders, social workers, government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and respected people of the district.

7. To discuss each activity for the conservation of the area with the local communities, together with implementation and training/manpower aspects.

8. To compile field data, prepare a report, and draft a conservation plan for the area, to be coordinated by the team leader.

9. To develop a biodiversity conservation database.

10. To prepare a list of artifacts in the region.

11. To present the conservation plan to the DNPWC.

NP0859.2: Kanchenjunga Conservation Project: Proposed Biosphere Reserve (Extension) (Jul. 95 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

An important element of this project is transboundary conservation. India has already declared the eastern side of Kanchenjunga a protected area. A conservation area on the Nepal side would create a regional, cooperative conservation effort. The northern part of the Kanchenjunga system extends into the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Thus, Kanchenjunga has the potential to be a tri­national reserve once Nepal and China declare it a Conservation Area.

Activity Objectives:

1. To protect the unique environment of the region and help local communities improve their standard of living.

2. To improve the use of natural resources through sustainable local management.

3. To increase income by developing alternate income-generating activities.

4. To increase women's participation in development by organizing non­formal education.

5. To develop nature­based tourism.

6. To increase entrepreneurship among local people for tourism development.

7. To develop and implement a Conservation Area Management Plan.

8. To collect information on biological and socio­economic conditions.

9. To collate biological and socio­economic information into a database system.

10. To increase management capacity through training, strengthening infrastructure, and procuring equipment.

11. To increase community awareness of conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.

12. To discuss a regional approach to the conservation of Kanchenjunga mountain system.

(Concept) NP0866 Nepal: "Eco­Clubs Green Gift" School Programme

Project Summary:

The goal of the programme is to promote awareness among students on global and local environmental issues, and to mobilize them to participate in environmental projects. Specific objectives are to raise awareness by showing studens environmental films; encourage students to form eco­clubs in their schools; catalyse student­created environmental projects; exhibit and reward outstanding projects implemented by students; and exchange selected prize-winning projects between schools within and outside the country. To realize these goals, a volunteer and a supervisor will visit schools to show environmental films and motivate teachers and students to form clubs and develop projects.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 75
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 100 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 25

Project Background:

Since WWF initiated conservation activities in Nepal in 1967, environmental education has been a priority. Recently, WWF Nepal Programme has supported educational activities through environmental education camps for students; subscriptions to magazines for schools and NGOs; mobile workshops for teachers; and student environmental clubs. Teachers and students have also approached WWF Nepal Programme for support for their environmental projects. By motivating students and mobilizing them to undertake projects of institutional building (e.g. eco clubs), an enhanced awareness and interest in environmental affairs will result, to the benefit of continuing environmental work. The programme's strategy is to work with teachers and students through the government education system and local non­governmental organizations.

Project Objectives:

1. To increase awareness of global and local environmental issues by showing environmental films to students.

2. To form environmental clubs in schools, to be renewed in each subsequent academic year.

3. To develop and implement environmental projects in schools, neighbourhoods, and families.

4. To exhibit and reward outstanding projects implemented by students.

5. To exchange selected prize-winning projects between schools in and outside the country.

6. To promote the sending of "green gifts" from one school to another.

NP0866.1: Teachers' Orientation Session and Workshop (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

In Kathmandu, WWF Nepal Programme, the Goethe Institute, the District Education Office, and the Soaltee Holiday Inn will jointly organize workshops for teachers, inviting back the 17 teachers and representatives who attended the June 1995 orientation session. Technical papers on project designs and materials production will be handled by WWF Nepal Programme. The Goethe Institute and Soaltee Holiday Inn will provide logistic support. The District Education Office will contact school teachers; a volunteer and a school supervisor will personally contact the participants of the June 1995 session. In Bardia District, under the Supplementary Agreement with the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, a similar orientation session and workshop will be organized, with the participation of Royal Bardia National Park and other conservation partners such as the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation and the District Education Office of Bardia. A volunteer will be sent to Bardia to coordinate the programme. Five schools located in the buffer zone of Royal Bardia National Park will also be invited. A study tour for teachers from the schools was organized in May 1995 to familiarize them with environmental education programmes in the Kathmandu valley.
NP0866.2: School Visits (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

In Kathmandu, a volunteer and the school supervisor will make regular visits to schools and present environmental films. They will motivate students and teachers by explaining the "nuts and bolts" of the programme. Educational materials will be given to the schools as souvenirs, and these will help students develop and implement projects. The volunteer will also evaluate student response sheets following the environmental film presentation. In Bardia, a volunteer and park staff member will visit schools and help teachers and students develop and implement environmental projects.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0866.3: Exhibition and Contest (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

Students' projects will be evaluated using criteria developed in consultation with the District Education Office and educators. Selected projects will be exhibited in winter 1996. A panel will judge the exhibits and the best ones will be given prizes.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0866.4: Exchange (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

Prize-winning projects will be transformed into an audio­visual presentation and will be sent to schools abroad, accompanied by "green gifts" prepared by students for their peers. The "green gifts" will contain environmental messages from Nepal, with descriptions and products of student environmental activities. Case studies will be developed from Kathmandu and Bardia. Factual information from the students' activities and studies will be used in the "green gifts" to be exchanged with schools abroad. Similarly, the gifts will be exchanged with students of schools from Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Japan. A logo for the programme will be developed in such a way that it will communicate eco­club exchanges in the region. The major activities that will be undertaken by WWF NOs from Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Japan will be primarily at the level of gift exchanges. These NOs are in contact with schools through educational programmes such as Nature Clubs in India and Pakistan, an education project in Sabah, Malaysia, and the School Campaign Against Illegal Wildlife Trade in Japan and Hong Kong.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

NP0866.5: Exchange frm Other Countries Other Than Nepal (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

(Concept) NP0867 Nepal: Tiger Conservation Project

Project Summary:

Tigers and rhinos are in grave danger due to the demand for different body parts for use in oriental medicine. The increasing demand for these products is causing heavy loss of tigers in India. Nepal's tigers, too, will be increasingly threatened unless they are protected with the help of local communities. Under this project, an anti­poaching unit is envisaged for the protection of tigers and rhinos. A complete survey of the tiger populations in Shuklaphanta and Parsa Wildlife Reserves, and an updated report on the status of tigers in Chitwan and Bardia National Parks will be executed. Staff will be trained in survey and monitoring techniques of major wildlife species. Concerned government officials will be trained in the identification of wildlife products, legal provisions, and intelligence strategies to halt illegal wildlife trade. To increase awareness, a programme will be launched via media, display and notices for tourists, traders, and the general public.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 100Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 100
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

Since 1990, trade in wildlife produces has increased in Nepal in spite of strict legislation that penalizes traders and offenders by as much as NRs 100,000 (US$2,000) or 15 years imprisonment, or both. The issue has been frequently raised by the media but the trade continues. In 1991, with a grant from the MacArthur Foundation, WWF set up an institutional support programme for the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) to tackle the most pressing problems of tiger and rhino poaching in lowland parks. Anti­poaching units were established in Royal Chitwan National Park and Royal Bardia National Park. Poaching of tigers and rhinos was considerably reduced as a result of increased surveillance, strong motivation of staff, and an effective local informant system. Many arrests were made and tiger bones and rhino horns were confiscated.

In July 1994, WWF Nepal Programme, with the Nepal Forum for Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ), organized a workshop entitled "Control of Trade in Wildlife Specimens" in which scientists, journalists, and high level government officials, including the Minister of Forest and Soil Conservation, participated. The workshop resulted in good media coverage, including news and feature articles and public notices. Consequently, the number of items made of wildlife products exhibited in store showrooms and windows in Kathmandu dropped. Also, with the help of local informants, 13kg of tiger bones and a truck load of 128 tortoises were confiscated in Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. Informants were later rewarded by the DNPWC and WWF Nepal Programme. In the Fall of 1994, an intelligence team uncovered underground trade by negotiating with traders who eventually agreed to deliver 18 pieces of rhino horns to Kathmandu. Through similar efforts, two traders were caught red­handed in Srinagar, India, in November 1994. However, the trade continues in Kathmandu.

In May 1995, the DNPWC hosted another workshop on CITES implementation in Nepal, bringing government law enforcement agencies, journalists, NGOs, and concerned authorities together to understand trade issues and exchange ideas for effective action against wildlife trade. The training clarified the complexities involved in controlling trade in wildlife. Participants concluded that more is needed to save Nepal's dwindling population of endangered species. In particular, support is urgently needed to: train officials involved in law enforcement (police, customs, immigration); educate the public; strengthen enforcement teams in the field; and provide mechanisms to regularly patrol parks with better equipment and supplies. In October 1995 WWF Nepal Programme received CHF50,000 from WWF-Netherlands as part of the Tiger Project Fund. This is now being used to train staff and conduct tiger surveys and anti­poaching activities.

Project Objectives:

1. To strengthen existing anti­poaching units and create new units in the lowland parks to conserve tiger and rhinoceros populations.

2. To establish tiger and rhino monitoring units in Bardia and Chitwan National Parks, and Parsa and Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve.

3. To carry out a status survey of tigers in the lowland parks using scientific survey methods.

4. To organize training for DNPWC staff in survey and monitoring methodologies.

5. To train customs and police officials to identify wildlife products and enforce legal provisions.

6. To implement conservation education in local schools and through the media.

NP0867.1: Tiger Conservation Project (Jul. 97 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To strengthen existing anti-poaching units in Chitwan, Bardia, Shuklaphanta and Parsa

2. To procure and maintain necessary field equipment.

3. To train unit members in law enforcement.

4. To strengthen intelligence and local informant networks; expand to include more villages

5. To set up and regularly monitor the reward system for informants.

6. To provide incentives for staff implementing anti­poaching units.

7. To coordinate park staff, KMTNC's Bardia Conservation Project, and Park Concessionaires in regular monitoring of rhinos and tigers.

8. To provide and maintain mobile units with immobilization equipment, radio-telemetry, and necessary scientific and field gear.

9. To conduct training workshops for staff in handling radio-telemetry and immobilization equipment at least once a year.

10. To Set up "Count Tiger '97" in collaboration with conservation partners DNPWC, KMTNC, ITNC, and Park Concessionaires in Shuklaphanta and Parsa.

11. To provide necessary equipment and manpower to each survey team and conduct training in survey methodology prior to each survey.

12. To hire a consultant to teach survey methods and conduct various workshops for the census.

13. To organize specialized park staff training at NCRTC Chitwan and Bardia for tiger censusing.

14. To create training workshop packages for customs, forest, and police officials in identification skills, enforcement of legal provisions, and intelligence strategies.

15. To ensure media coverage.

16. To prepare displays materials.

17. To develop a monitoring system for illegal trade in Kathmandu.

Activity Species:

Tiger (Panthera tigris).

(Concept) NP0868 Nepal: Gateway to Nature Education (Zoo)

Project Summary:

View Map

It is necessary to transform the Central Zoo at Jawalakhel, Lalitpur from an amusement park to a vibrant educational ground; visitors should be given information on animals, their habitats, behaviours, unique characteristics, relations with human beings, and the necessity of protecting them in the wild. The specific objectives of WWF's proposed support to the zoo are to develop an education centre, train zoo staff, and optimize the use of existing information facilities. With WWF's support, significant achievements have already been realized: audio-visual equipment, an incinerator, and zoo booklets. WWF has contracted a full­time volunteer consultant at the zoo office from October 1995. Further support is needed in technical assistance to prepare a long-term masterplan for the zoo, training and study tours for zoo staff on visitor education, use of audio-visual equipment, improving zoo grounds, development and use of educational materials, and infrastructure development (e.g. waste management, visitor facilities).
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 100
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

The Central Zoo at Jawalakhel, Lalitpur was established in May 1932 for the entertainment of Nepal's ruling family. It later became government property. The zoo has been a focus of curiosity for many visitors, a place of education and entertainment. Open for 365 days a year, the zoo is spread over an area of 6.5ha, with a pond in the middle of the compound. Annually over 1 million people visit from all over the country. There are some 500 animals of 101 species, including 32 mammal species, 16 reptile species, and 53 species of birds. Major attractions include endangered species such as tiger, hyena, lynx, blackbuck, rhinoceros, sarus crane, impeyan pheasant, crocodile, python, and monitor lizard. There are a few entertainment attractions such as a merry­go­round and boating. In fiscal year 1993/94, total income of the zoo was nearly Rs2.9 million; government grants totalled Rs4.25 million. The government grants are mainly spent on staff salaries, animal food, and general maintenance. It is necessary to look for outside funding for other development programmes, including education. In order to overcome this financial constraint, zoo authorities have decided to erect plaques with the names of sponsors who donate over Rs500,000. The zoo's current priorities include: gardening and sanitation; improvement of animal enclosures; increasing the number of unique animals; study of endangered species and rehabilitation into their natural habitat; integration of income-generating recreational programmes; and importation of species from other countries through government channels. In spite of its high potential for conservation education, the zoo has been underutilized.

Project Objectives:

1. To develop an educational centre with audio­visual and interpretation materials within the premises of the zoo.

2. To train zoo staff in the operation and maintenance of the centre, including presentation, handling, and general maintenance of audio­visuals for visitors.

3. To optimize the use of the existing information facilities at the zoo by improving labels, signposts, information boards (with codes of conduct, etc.), guidebooks, maps, posters, postcards, and slides.

4. To establish basic infrastructural facilities, e.g. waste management, visitor facilities.

NP0868.1: Education Centre (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To prepare a detailed plan for an Education Centre by assessing existing programmes and facilities.

2. To produce and install a set of audio-visual equipment and accessories.

3. To contact agencies such as the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal Television, Radio Nepal, and Nepal Forum for Environmental Journalists for educational materials.

NP0868.2: Training of Zoo Staff (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To train zoo staff. Local resource persons will be contacted to conduct training programmes. Following training, staff responsibilities for the centre will be defined according to the operation plan.

NP0868.3: Information Facilities (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To carry out a needs assessment for the improvement of existing information facilities.

2. To prepare detailed estimates and contact local sponsors. Zoo authorities will coordinate sponsors for the construction of information boards, signposts, kiosks, and other information facilities.

NP0868.4: Information Materials (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To produce information materials: guidebooks, maps, posters, postcards, and slides. Local writers and illustrators will be contracted for the task.

NP0868.5: Operational Plan (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To develop an operational plan for the zoo. The plan will contain detailed strategies for management, animal enclosures, animal nursery, visitor information, and souvenir production and sales.

2. To contact the world's leading zoos to assist in the preparation of the plan. The education section of the plan will contain components such as management of a visitor centre, monitoring and evaluation of visitor response, and zoo guide services.

NP0868.6: Basic Facilities (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To prepare a detailed plan with estimates, in consultation with engineers; to include operation of waste management, incinerator, toilets, etc.

(Concept) NP0869 Nepal: Agroforestry, Sagarmatha National Park

Project Summary:

The Pharak area lies directly south of Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park. Since the establishment of Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) in 1976, with its strict regulations on resource use, people living inside the park have used the Pharak area forest for timber, fuelwood, leaf litter, etc. Moreover, most of the 16,000 tourists who visit SNP yearly pass through the Pharak area, multiplying forest use directly (meals, showers, heat) and indirectly (tourists' porters burning fuelwood to cook, lodge construction). As a result of the heavy pressure from local people, SNP residents, and tourists, degradation of the Pharak forest area is visible and increasing. This project seeks to initiate skillful management of forests through local community participation. The objective of the project is increased sustainable production of fuelwood and timber to fulfil demand. The project also aims to promote agroforestry on private land through sustainable production of fruit, fuelwood, and timber.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 100Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 100
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

Chaurikharka Village Development Committee (VDC) - locally known as Pharak - is the focus of this project. Forests in the Pharak communities, outside Sagarmatha National Park (SNP), have received much less attention than those within SNP. While strict controls and management exist for forests within the Park, the forests outside are less effectively managed and have increasingly been cut to meet the demands for forest products. Should the present trend of degradation continue, the potential for these forests to be renewable will be greatly diminished. WWF Nepal Programme seeks to reverse the trend of forest degradation through implementation of a long­term community forest management plan. With the initial aim of managing waste disposal along trekking routes, the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee (SPCC), a local institution, was created in July 1991 in Sagarmatha National Park. SPCC has gathered momentum and expanded its activities beyond pollution control to include community services and environmental awareness, tourism development, and cultural preservation. However, until recently community agroforestry management in the buffer zone of the SNP was not given priority by SPCC. To assess the situation, WWF sent two consultants, led by a SPCC Programme Officer, to initiate an agroforestry project in Pharak area in February and March 1995. Project proposals were submitted to various donors.

Project Objectives:

Main objective:

1. To manage existing forests sustainably in order to meet the demands of local people and tourists.

Specific objectives:

2. To establish nurseries and produce fruit, fuelwood, and timber seedlings.

3. To develop agroforestry on private land and produce fruit and fuelwood to fulfil demand and earn income through sales of fruit to tourists.

4. To manage existing forests through plantation and sustainable resource use through the forest users group approach envisaged by Nepal's Community Forestry Development Project.

5. To develop income-generating activities such as medicinal plant cultivation and local crafts production.

6. To reduce forest-based energy use by encouraging efficient cooking and heating stoves, and alternate energy.

7. To build the capacity of the local Department of Forest's staff and user groups by providing training.

NP0869.1: Agroforestry, Sagarmatha National Park (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To provide institutional support for the District Forest Office (DFO):

(a) project officers will work in close cooperation with and consult the DFO in implementing all components of the project; (b) project officers will assist the DFO and local Forest User Groups in redrafting Operational Plans to reflect the silvicultural prescriptions of this report; (c) DFO staff will be given on­site training at successful community forestry programmes; (d) the project will coordinate regular meetings for DFO staff, Forest User Groups, and project staff; (e) project officers will facilitate creation of smaller Forest User Groups.

2. To provide institutional support for Forest User Groups: (a) project officers will work in close cooperation with and consult local Forest User Groups in implementing all components of the project; (b) group members will be exposed to successful community forestry programmes on study tours funded by the project; (c) the project will coordinate regular meetings for DFO staff, Forest User Groups, and project staff; (d) the project will encourage more frequent Forest User Group general assembly meetings; (e) the project will provide financing for nursery naile and plantation watch salaries; (f) project officers will facilitate creation of smaller Forest User Groups.

3. To hire two full­time staff (an Agroforestry Project Officer and a Community Liaison Officer) and two full­time nursery naikes.

4. To establish two nurseries: (a) Pema­Cholin's nursery at Tok­Tok will receive necessary materials and support to upgrade its capacity and output; (b) nursery naikes will receive comprehensive training from DFO, Himalayan Trust, and project staff; (c) seedlings will be sold at a nominal price for private plantation.

5. To introduce horticultural species, including apples and peaches, in the area. Private plantation of horticultural species will be encouraged in Pharak. Training in use of fruits for income­generation will be provide.

6. To plant 218.3ha in rotation, using seedlings produced in the project's nurseries. General assembly meetings will maximize community input to plantations; plantation will be carried out with community donated labour, as per Forest Rules' 95; fodder species will be planted on degraded community lands.

7. To design and implement technical training programmes (Agroforestry Project Officer); to design and implement environmental education programmes (Community Project Officer); to design design and implement community forestry education programmes for tourists (Project Officers); to establish a demonstration plot at Chuomo.

8. To reduce demand: (a) the feasibility of introducing improved, smokeless stoves will be researched; (b) a comprehensive list of simple and effective actions that reduce resource demand will be compiled and taught within the education programme; (c) WWF will conduct high­level negotiations with SNP and DNPWC to ensure that demand reduction is effectively incorporated in the Park's conservation strategy.

(Concept) NP0870 Nepal: Ministry of Population and Environment: Policy

Project Summary:

This project proposes a three-year programme to strengthen and build the institutional capacity of His Majesty's government of Nepal's newly created Ministry of Population and Environment. This ministry, created in September 1995, responds to a critical need for a government organization whose principal responsibility is protection and preservation of the environment. The Ministry was established to formulate and effectively implement environmental statutes, and regularly evaluate environmental legislation, regulations, policies, and programmes. The new ministry faces significant challenges in establishing the institutional framework for implementing its new mission, and has asked WWF to develop a long­term proposal to provide institutional support. By providing the ministry with institutional support and enhancing its capacity to implement strong environmental programmes, the WWF Nepal Programme will be able to further the objectives outlined in its 1996 Nepal Country Plan (as well as the global priorities and medium and long­term strategies of WWF).
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 25
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 25
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 100 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 50 Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

In September 1995, His Majesty's government of Nepal created the Ministry of Population and Environment (MPE) in recognition of the critical need to solve environmental problems under a single ministry. The creation of MPE is a significant step beyond earlier efforts to prioritize environmental issues. In 1993, the government established an Environmental Protection Council, comprised of representatives of the many ministries, under the National Planning Commission, to coordinate environmental policy nationwide. Nepal's Constitution of 1990 establishes as a fundamental principal and priority the protection of the environment and rare wildlife, forests, and vegetation. An effective MPE can significantly improve Nepal's ability to respond to the many environmental problems faces. MPE faces challenges of enormous proportion. It is a new ministry, and to date has been provided extremely limited funds and personnel to carry out its mission and integrate functions now carried out by many different entities. Current laws affecting various sectors of the economy contain some environmental provisions; the implementation of these provisions by various line ministries is uneven at best, and virtually non­existent in some cases.

WWF Nepal Programme conducted extensive meetings in December 1995 with its conservation partners and found widespread concern over inadequate enforcement of environmental laws and international treaties/conventions to which Nepal is party. For example, basic legal framework and infrastructure to comprehensively address industrial air and water pollution and solid or toxic waste management is lacking. The MPE, along with others, has recognized the need for umbrella type legislation that covers unaddressed aspects of environmental issues and facilitates the enforcement of existing acts and regulations. In January 1996, WWF Nepal programme provided MPE with a short­term, four­month $30,000 grant: to begin institutional strengthening and work with WWF to sponsor and conduct a workshop on enforcement and compliance in March 1996; to begin needed intergovernmental communications; and to develop a long­term proposal by which WWF will provide institutional support to MPE. The goal of the longer-term project is to work closely with the MPE and WWF Nepal Programme's conservation partners to enhance MPE's capacity so that it becomes an effective voice protecting and preserving the environment of Nepal. This programme will enhance the capacity of MPE and WWF Nepal programme's activity to carry out its objectives.

This project endorses all six of WWF's strategies for action, with special focus on sustainable development, consumption and pollution, treaties and legislation, and environmental education and capacity building. The overall goal is to build the capacity of MPE as an effective ministry to advocate environmental protection. Special emphasis will be placed on building the institutional framework for implementation of strong environmental programmes; MPE will work with affected communities to ensure a successful and collaborative outcome.

There is considerable focus in Nepal on the need for drafting legislation. WWF Nepal Programme's concern is a much broader one: that from their inception environmental programmes must be designed and implemented with tangible environmental results. Agenda 21 recognized that national programmes for reviewing and enforcing environmental laws are key to integrated and sustainable development (Agenda 21, section 8.21). Integrated sustainable development strategies must include effective standards and institutional capacity building to promote compliance, collect compliance data, evaluate compliance programmes, and take action to remedy and redress non-compliance. This proposal builds on WWF Nepal Programme's successful work with the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation and its departments.

Project Objectives:

1. To establish anti­poaching patrols and provide institutional support to help protect species, reduce illegal trade in wildlife products, and enforce pertinent laws.

2. To provide three years of institutional support to enable the MPE to effectively implement environmental laws.

3. To build an institution capable of involving the public and affected community that will be able to respond in a flexible and innovative way to the myriad environmental challenges that confront Nepal.

NP0870.1: Ministry of Population and Environment: Policy (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To provide comments on and, as appropriate, draft umbrella environmental legislation for Nepal. This includes comment on additional environmental legislation that are developed, especially in the area of industrial pollution control (e.g. air, water, waste laws).

2. To provide comments on and, as appropriate, help draft regulations or by-laws to implement the above­mentioned legislation. Industrial air and water pollution regulations will be finalized following passage of the umbrella legislation. No time-frame has been set for addressing regulations for mobile sources (cars, trucks, three-wheelers) or industrial or solid waste.

3. To conduct workshops and training sessions to increase local capacity to implement effective environmental programmes. Workshops may include participants from key government, NGO, and other affected entities and may cover such topics as drafting environmental permits, drafting and negotiating enforcement orders, developing enforceable regulations, designing effective enforcement and compliance programmes, conducting inspections and documenting compliance and non-compliance, developing an enforcement case. At least two workshops will be conducted during each year of the programme. Specific workshops will reflect the most critical area of need, based on discussions with affected groups. Persons trained in workshop will be from diverse disciplines, including inspectors, investigators, policy personnel, police, lawyers, citizens, NGOs, etc.

4. To provide advice and suggestions to MPE on ways to develop the institutional, legal, and organizational structure for the new ministry and its relationship with other line ministries with environmental responsibilities. These activities could include how to establish suitable accountability and oversight functions in MPE and affected ministries.

5. To work with MPE to develop a successful enforcement programme. In specific areas, to work with MPE and affected ministries, NGOs to develop working models for some of the following activities: (a) a compliance promotion and outreach programme for a selected regulation or selected industries; (b) a priority targeting programme to set enforcement priorities and subsequently inspect, evaluate compliance with, and follow up inspections for at least one selected priority; (c) a long­term programme for developing data systems to measure programme success and evaluate environmental accountability and compliance rates; (d) an annual enforcement and compliance "accomplishments" report for MPE or the affected line ministries; (e) guidance to develop an enforcement case for prosecution.

6. To provide funds to MPE to help them implement and enforce key environmental laws, regulations, policies, and programmes. This may include such activities as: providing for personnel, inspection units or patrols; providing funds to develop an annual "enforcement accomplishments" report; providing funding for a database to assess compliance rates in selected areas; providing money to support citizen awards for assisting in enforcement; supporting the communications networks.

(Concept) NP0871 Nepal: Forest Target Driven Activities

Project Summary:

The Forest Action Plan will help reduce loss of forest area, increase forest production, place more forests under sustainable management and increase agroforestry in the private and public sector. The project will use a participatory approach involving the public, NGOs, government agencies, professional organization and forest­based industrial organizations. Its scope of activities will include: placing more forest area under the protected system to represent different ecosystems found in Nepal (covering at least 10% of total forest area); networking between different forest organizations and associations; encouraging agroforestry work among local NGOs and user groups; and introduction of a certification system for selling forest products.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 100Consumption & Pollution 25
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 25
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 50
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

This project is based on WWF's Forest Target Driven Activity - the global "Forest For Life" campaign. Forests are the major source of energy and other agrarian requirements for most of Nepal's rural population: forest resources fulfil basic needs such as timber, fuelwood, fodder for livestock, non­wood forest products, and raw material for industry. Due to the growing demand for agriculture land, fuelwood, fodder, and timber, changes in land-use patterns have been observed in the past three decades, resulting in a decrease in forest area. The main aim of the project is to conduct a gap analysis of existing forest cover over various ecosystems, and to manage existing forests through sustainable practices. It is envisioned that unique forest ecosystems will be identified by gap analysis and recommended for protection to the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation. For sustainable forest management, a participatory approach involving local people, NGOs, government agencies, professional organizations, and forest­based industrial organizations will be used. Networking among different forest organizations and associations will be encouraged to promote agroforestry work among local NGOs and user groups. Introduction of a timber certification system to sell forest products will control the illegal trade of forest products on the market.

Project Objectives:

1. To identify forest ecosystems in Nepal and find gaps in the existing protected area system.

2. To network with government agencies, professional organizations, NGOs, and forest­based industry organizations for the sustainable management of existing forests.

3. To encourage local organizations, NGOs and user groups to engage in agroforestry activities on private land.

4. To introduce a timber certification system in forest­based industry.

5. To encourage users of forest products to buy only certified forest products.

NP0871.1: Forest Target Driven Activities (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To carry out a gap analysis of forest ecosystems in the protected area system.

2. To create a network of different forest organizations.

3. To produce and publish audio­visuals materials for organizations and the public in order to disseminate recent developments in forestry.

4. To organize transboundary (regional) workshops to discuss different approaches to conserve Mount Kanchenjunga's unique ecological system.