ZM0006 Zambia: Support to the Education Programme of the Wildlife Conservation Society



Project Summary:

This project involves institutional support for the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia to extend its Chongololo Clubs movement into secondary schools and higher education institutes. The aim is to help promote awareness of the country's rich natural resources and the need to use them sustainably.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 100
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0
Species 0Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

Zambia is a large country with a relatively small population. However, population growth and a faltering economy have caused overexploitation of the country's natural resource base. Environmental problems include deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution, widespread poaching, and the gradual elimination of indigenous flora and fauna. This project provides institutional support for the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia (WCSZ), which already has an established branch network and coordinates a national environmental education programme, including the Chongololo and Conservation Clubs movement and radio show.

Project Objectives:

1. To help the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia further extend its Chongololo Clubs movement into secondary schools and higher education institutes, in an effort to promote greater awareness of the country's natural resources and the need to use them sustainably. By targeting today's youth, it is hoped to influence tomorrow's decision­makers and government officials.

ZM0006.3: Chongololo Version of National Environmental Action Plan (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

The project intends to orient the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia (WCSZ) education programme and general membership to the recommendations of the National and Regional Environmental Action Plans (NEAP). Through specially designed education materials and membership activities, the project will encourage participants to reflect on their surroundings and bring out their perspectives and concerns. These reflections will be compiled into a simplified illustrated, popular, active and attractive young people's version of the National and Regional Environmental Action Plans (NEAP) in printed and video form. It is also envisaged that such activities would lead to the creation of a new image for the Society, as a basis for increasing membership. It is deliberately planned that some activities will take place in the regions so as to involve branches, and to form new branches where adequate interest is generated.

Zambia adopted its National and Regional Environmental Action Plans in 1994, compiled through a decentralized participatory process. It provides the latest policy framework for promoting sustainable development and responding to the various international environmental treaties to which Zambia is a signatory. This project is intended to generate publicity about and promote implementation of the NEAP. The Society's national status, through its education programme and membership, has the potential to contribute significantly in terms of publicity and lobbying on critical environmental issues.

Activity Objectives:

Main objective:

1. To use the NEAP experience as a basis for an educational programme which promotes environmental awareness and action, and increased membership of the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia, and subsequently to compile a popular, young people's version of the NEAP for the education programme.

Specific objectives:

1. To orient the WCSZ education programme and membership to the latest national environmental policy.

2. To stimulate environmental rehabilitation and promotional activities in schools and communities.

3. To generate innovative, participatory, and attractive supplementary reading materials for schools and the public.

5. To collect and document environmental perspectives and concerns from schoolchildren as a basis for producing a popular young people's version of the National and Regional Environmental Action Plans.

6. To increase WCSZ's membership through increased publicity.

7. To improve the capacity of WCSZ branches to attract and retain members.

8. To create a new public image for WCSZ as a national environmental NGO.

Activity Methods:

Education.

ZM0016 Zambia: Environmental Education (EE) Programme

Project Summary:

This project aims to develop a cross­curricular environmental education programme for primary schools in Zambia. It includes assistance with teacher training and the development of teaching materials for schools. WWF and its projects under the WWF Zambia Country Programme, along with other organizations, particularly those involved with community education activities, collaborate closely with actvities undertaken under the Zambia Environmental Education Programme (ZEEP).
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 100
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

When Zambia was selected as a WWF focal country, it was considered essential to develop a comprehensive environmental education (EE) programme as part of WWF's overall country programme. The timing was opportune since the Zambian government was in the process of revising school curricula. WWF assisted by establishing a national programme to encourage the development of EE materials and the training of teachers in the use of these materials. A Zambian coordinator was appointed in 1989. This was followed by the establishment of an office for the project. An official Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Zambian Government and WWF, formalizing the activities of the Zambia Environmental Education Programme (ZEEP). ZEEP now closely collaborates with government bodies, such as the National In­Service Training College (NISTCOL), the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), with NGOs such as the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia (WCSZ), and with other WWF projects operating in the country. In September 1993 ZEEP was replanned and, as a result, ZEEP's objectives are being progressively focused to fewer but more measurable activities.

Project Objectives:

1. To promote awareness of environmental conservation issues in Zambia.

2. To help implement the Zambian National Conservation Strategy.

3. To support WWF conservation projects in Zambia.

ZM0016.1: Coordination and Project Management (Jul. 89 - Jun. 00)

Activity Background:

Project administration at the local level in Zambia is carried out by the Project Coordinator who reports to the WWF Country Office and keeps the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources informed about the project's activities. WWF International visits the project once a year for ongoing monitoring.

Activity Objectives:

Main objective:

1. To maintain and facilitate coordination of environmental education in Zambia, which addresses environmental problems.

Specific objectives:

2. To build a strong network of trained EE district coordinators to carry out district­based environmental activities.

3. To create linkages with partner NGOs and government departments dealing with environmental matters.

4. To develop a strong mechanism for working in community environmental action projects.

Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:

1. To strengthen and expand the network of District EE Coordinators to 30.

2. To facilitate the preparation of the EE Strategy for Zambia.

3. To consolidate the work of ZEEP within government, and continue to play a catalytic role among local NGOs.

Activity Methods:

Education.

ZM0016.2: Teacher Training (Jul. 89 - Jun. 00)

Activity Background:

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Effective EE in Zambia is hampered by a lack of educational materials, a shortage of teachers, and inadequate teacher training, particularly in­service training. ZEEP has been working to address these problems by assisting the Ministry of Education in the field of teacher training, by providing educational materials, innovative approaches to effective teaching, and by stimulating teamwork amongst teachers. This has largely been focused through the National In­Service Training College at Chalimbana. In addition, other training approaches have been undertaken by working in pre­service colleges, through local workshops, and via radio broadcasts. Consequently, there is now a significant cadre of teachers who have received enhanced training in EE and who are beneficiaries of the materials that have been produced by the project. It is now necessary to build on this foundation and to expand the sphere of influence. ZEEP intends to do this by working with specialist teachers (in languages, music, art, etc.), holding workshops for School Inspectors and College Principals, and by raising awareness of environmental issues in education decision­makers (planners, parliamentarians, etc.).

Activity Objectives:

1. To hold workshops and seminars in order to raise awareness in decision­makers about the need for EE in teacher training.

2. To develop the skills necessary for the incorporation of EE into teacher training programmes.

3. To integrate EE components into both pre- and in­service teacher training programmes.

4. To prepare and distribute the "Teacher Trainers Guide for Environmental Education".

5. To train a cadre of volunteers to work with communities, including youths out of school, women and other social groups, in environmental management and natural resource utilization.

Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:

1. To further integrate EE in the schools curricula.

2. To revise and gain approval by government of the final draft of the "Teacher Training Guide for EE".

3. To train all School Inspectors and College Principals.

4. To conduct external evaluation.

5. To train 26 teacher trainers.

Activity Methods:

Training.

ZM0016.3: Environmental Education Materials for Primary Schools (Jul. 89 - Jun. 00)

Activity Background:

The Zambian education system is in dire need of teaching and learning materials in all subject areas. The preparation of cross­curricular EE materials will, in part, meet this need. In particular, core texts and supplementary reading materials are needed for junior primary school classes (Grades 1 to 4), and by 1998 it is envisaged that four texts for these levels will have been written and tested, printed, and distributed to selected schools. By the year 2000 it is anticipated that these texts will have been reprinted in sufficient volume for distribution to all schools. These texts will be used by teachers trained through the work carried out under Activity 2 of this project. Additional work will be carried out in the following areas: production of EE materials in Zambian languages; a short­story writing competition in order to provide material for the production of primary school supplementary readers; collaboration with UK ODA in order to provide input to the ODA's Book Box project.

Activity Objectives:

1. To produce EE materials which will meet, in part, the need that exists within the school system.

2. To stimulate and support the use of these materials in order to improve the quality of EE in Zambia.

3. To stimulate the creation of supplementary EE materials through collaboration with local writers and artists and through public competitions.

4. To collaborate with other agencies producing educational materials, in order to encourage the inclusion of environmental topics in their productions.

Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:

1. To plan and implement a process for production and distribution of key EE materials for the government.

2. To assist in the identification of sources of funding for large-scale production of key EE materials.

3. To evaluate activity.

Activity Methods:

Education.

ZM0016.4: Community Environmental Education and Activities (Jul. 95 - Jun. 00)

Activity Background:

It has become apparent, through working with teachers in the National In­Service Teaching College, that environmental degradation is taking place, in part, because of the lack of knowledge in communities with regard to caring for their environment and utilizing their natural resources sustainably. For example, in attempting to establish tree plantations, many schools face a range of problems (such as inadequate husbandry, domestic animal damage, and fire) which are compounded by the fact that there is little awareness of these problems within the school's community. This can result in a lack of support for the school's initiative from the community and subsequent failure of the activity. There are also deeply embedded community attitudes which need to be changed, and could be, by building links between communities and the practical EE activities taking place in their schools. Such links are intended to improve the viability of school projects and provide a focus for similar community activities.

Activity Objectives:

1. To link school environmental activities to communities and vice versa.

2. To assist communities in embarking on reversing environmental degradation and fighting disease through local projects.

3. To assist communities in the development of the resource base for their fuel-wood.

4. To encourage communities to use the environment to fight malnutrition and poverty by building a base for food security.

Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:

1. To establish community environmental education projects.

2. To establish trained Community Educators/Facilitators.

Activity Methods:

Community Conservation; Education.

ZM0018 Zambia: Support for Wildlife Species Protection Unit

Project Summary:

This project involves WWF support for the Species Protection Department of Zambia's Anti­Corruption Commission, following the extension of its mandate to include anti­poaching activities in an effort to crack down on the so-called "middlemen" responsible for organizing and carrying out poaching and illegal traffic in wildlife.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 50
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 50
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

View Map

As much as a third of Zambia's 750,000 sq km has been designated as National Parks (NP) or Game Management Areas (GMA). In the 1970s these areas supported a vast abundance of game. The Luangwa region in particular was noted for its large herds of elephants and rhinos. Today, elephant and rhino populations have been severely depleted by poaching. As the population of black rhinos plummeted from 4,000 in 1970 to under 40 in 1990, the poachers moved into Zimbabwe, with devastating consequences. Whilst international concern has focused mainly on elephants and rhinos, commercial poaching for meat is now threatening Zambia's entire wildlife resource. In response to international pressure to halt poaching, the Zambian government decided to extend the mandate of its Anti­Corruption Commission (ACC) in a drive to crack down on the so-called "middlemen" responsible for organizing and carrying out poaching and illegal traffic in wildlife. Subsequent actions have included the expulsion of a North Korean caught with 23 rhino horns, the indictment of a Regional Governor for poaching, the arrest of a senior army officer found with 216 elephant tusks, and an increase in the number of poachers convicted in the Luangwa Valley. Despite this success, it is widely accepted that the ACC will not be effective without foreign donor assistance in the early stages.

Project Objectives:

1. To support the Species Protection Department in its drive to crack down on poaching and illegal traffic of wildlife.

ZM0018.1: Support for Wildlife Species Protection Unit (May. 90 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

The Species Protection Department was specifically formed to fight commercial poaching and illegal trafficking of wildlife and its products. This is being achieved through community awareness and law enforcement. This project activity supports the Department through the purchase of vehicles, mobile communications equipment, office equipment, and field supplies. Future plans include the launch of a publicity campaign to highlight the work of the Species Protection Department and the organization of regional seminars by ACC to inform magistrates about the international trade in ivory and rhino horn and the high value of these goods on the black market. It is anticipated that this would lead to the imposition of maximum sentences for poaching and illegal trade in wildlife.

Activity Objectives:

1. To investigate, arrest, and prosecute organized poaching and traffic syndicates, in collaboration with local and international law enforcement agencies (including NPWS).

2. To undertake community education, awareness and training programmes through public meetings, seminars, lectures, talks, publicity materials and media coverage, including television and radio broadcasts.

3. To examine systems and procedures that facilitate trade in wildlife, with a view to identifying and sealing loopholes which facilitate illegal dealings.

4. To explore the possibility of the formation of community­based clubs that will promote conservation in their localities (to be assisted by Provincial SPD Liaison Officers).

5. To undertake joint investigations with law enforcement agencies in the region, with a view to eliminating illegal international traffic in wildlife.

Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:

The borders between Zambia and Mozambique, and Zambia and Angola will require increased attention by the Species Protection Department, in order to stem the flow of cross-border poaching and the movement of firearms and wildlife trophy stockpiles (mainly ivory). The identities of local people and, in particular, foreign nationals involved in the illegal trafficking of wildlife and its products will be sought, and measures taken to investigate and prosecute them. Community awareness campaigns will be continued to solicit support of the public. The illegal trade in live wild animals will be tackled, including illegal trade in indigenous wildlife and timber, and the exotic trade in African grey parrots and chimpanzees. The Species Protection Department will recruit additional staff.

Activity Methods:

Institutional Support and Development.

Activity Species:

African elephant (Loxodonta africana); Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis); Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).

ZM0019 Zambia: WWF Programme Office

Project Summary:

This project involves the establishment and functioning of a WWF Programme Office in Zambia. The aim is to increase the role and influence of WWF in Zambian environmental conservation activities, through development of a locally managed Country Programme and by the establishment of an information network on environmental issues and policies. The Programme Office's strategy will be to improve environmental and natural resource management policies, legislation, planning, coordination, and funding.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 0
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 100

Project Background:

Although WWF had been working in Zambia since 1962, it was only in the mid­1980s that it began to focus its support in the country, in response to its relatively high inland biodiversity status and intact ecosystems. In order to coordinate these efforts and promote the effective use of available resources, a Country Office began work in July 1991, and was officially opened by the WWF International President, HRH the Duke of Edinburgh, in October 1991. The office has helped with the development of a coordinated and strategic WWF Programme in Zambia and has proved essential for the coordination of numerous projects with a broad base of support from five WWF National Organizations (NOs) and four GAA donors. The office now functions as a fully­fledged Programme Office, with capacity for programme and project management established, and provides logistical, technical, administrative, and contractual support to all projects. The office has developed and consolidated the WWF Zambia Country Programme within the framework of Country and Subregional Programme Strategies approved by the Southern Africa Subregional Team and the Africa/Madagascar Programme Subcommittee.

Project Objectives:

1. To establish a Programme Office and appoint a Representative.

2. To manage and coordinate the approved Country Programme and to provide logistical and technical assistance, where appropriate.

3. To further develop a dynamic Country Programme and Strategy for Zambia which are responsive to the environmental needs and priorities of the host country and WWF's own Mission.

4. To establish a mechanism for developing and assessing new projects, submitted to WWF for funding, within approved Subregional and Country Programmes.

5. To provide a focus for networking information on conservation activities and policy issues.

ZM0019.1: WWF Programme Office (Jul. 91 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

1. To complete FY96 Programme reporting requirements.

2. To complete the Zambia Wetlands project evaluation and audit (ZM0010).

3. To complete the WWF Zambia Programme evaluation.

4. To provide the NO Task Force and Africa/Madagasacar Subcommittee Core Group with information on the status and performance of the WWF Zambia Country Programme.

5. To continue WWF Zambia Programme management, technical assistance and development, including potential for following up the WWF Zambia Wetlands and WWF Support for ADMADE projects (ZM0010 and ZM0022).

6. To carry out assessment of biodiversity and prioritization of biomes in Zambia.

Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:

1. To develop and implement a new Country Programme for Zambia, and to maintain a Programme Office and Representation appropriate to the demands of the Country Programme and its functional integration with the WWF Subregional Programme Office and Strategic Plan for Southern Africa. Within this context, the Zambia Programme Office aims to make effective use of the new Programme Funding System in order to attract both private sector and GAA funding to support the Country Programme.

Activity Methods:

Programme / Project Development.

ZM0020 Zambia: Conservation and Management of the Bangweulu Wetlands, Samfya

Project Summary:

View Map

This project, funded by DANIDA through WWF­Denmark, is designed to help local communities develop a system of natural resource management in the Bangweulu Wetlands in Zambia, in an effort to halt the depletion of natural resources in the swamps. It also involves measures to improve agricultural methods in order to increase food security. The aim is to strengthen local incentives to protect natural resources, reduce pressure on them, and improve social conditions for local inhabitants.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 EE & Capacity Building 0
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 100
Treaties & Legislation 0
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

This project, to conserve and manage the Bangweulu wetlands at Samfya in Zambia, was first approved by the Danish Development Agency (DANIDA) for funding in August 1991. A formal agreement for the implementation of the project was signed with the Zambian government in January 1992. The Bangweulu wetlands consist of swamps and seasonally flooded flats and are among the most important wetlands in Africa. They are rich in wildlife, fish and genetic diversity. The people who live in the Bangweulu swamps are completely dependent on these natural resources for their food, fuel, and income. They are poor and have little access to community services such as schools and clinics. They also receive very little external help, such as agricultural extension or support for forestry and fishing initiatives. This poverty and lack of external support leads to unSustainable Resource Use in the swamps. Natural resources such as wildlife and perhaps fish are over-utilized, while agriculture and related land­use practices are less productive than they could be. The utilization of wildlife is at present dominated by illegal off­take. Additional strains on traditional resource utilization include rapid population growth and pressure from outside interests, mainly from fishing and poaching. As a result, valuable natural resources are threatened with depletion, putting at risk the people who depend on them for their survival. This project is designed to help local communities develop a system of natural resource management in the swamps, and improve agricultural methods in order to increase food security. The aim is to strengthen local incentives to protect natural resources, reduce pressure on them, and improve social conditions for local people.

Project Objectives:

Main objectives:

1. To achieve the sustainable utilization of the natural resources of the Chiefdoms of Kalasa­Mukoso, Mushili, Bwalya Mponda, and Nsamba, for the benefit of local communities.

2. To reduce pressure on natural resources by strengthening local incentives to protect natural resources and improving social conditions for local communities.

Specific objectives:

1. To conserve and manage wildlife and fisheries resources to benefit local communities.

2. To improve food security.

3. To conduct afforestation of suitable islands in the swamps.

4. To establish a basis for a long­term process towards sustainable use of resources.

5. To improve capacity for local decision­making in natural resource management and community development issues.

6. To support improvements in local transport and supply systems.

ZM0020.2: Trials in Particip. Wildlife & Fisheries Mgmnt Systems in the Bangweulu Swamps (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

This activity is an extension of the WWF Bangweulu Wetlands project (Phase I), which was completed in June 1996. It will provide additional baseline information and experience in relation to community-based fisheries and wildlife management, and community sensitization to the concepts of sustainable natural resource management. The outputs of this project will be used to develop and implement, as appropriate, a new WWF project concept "Integrated Management of the Bangweulu Wetlands". The outputs will be of fundamental significance in their own right to local communities, local government, and the central government's fisheries, wildlife, and forestry authorities, which are in the process of developing community-based natural resource management systems throughout the country.

Activity Objectives:

Development objective:

1. To assess and develop the mechanisms for sustainable management of natural resources in the Bangweulu swamps.

Specific objectives:

1. To use participatory techniques for identifying and documenting fisheries and wildlife resource use conflicts.

2. To show fisheries and wildlife population trends towards stabilization or increase by assessing stocks of indicator species (including fish­stocks, black lechwe, sitatunga, shoebill stork, and Wetlands International counts of waterbirds).

3. To develop a project proposal entitled "Integrated Management of the Bangweulu Wetlands".

Activity Biomes:

Marshes/Swamps; River Systems; Tropical Woodland.

Activity Methods:

Community Conservation; Education; Research and Monitoring; Training.

Activity Species:

Common waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus); Cookson's wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni); Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus); Shoebill (Balaeniceps rex); Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei); Wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).

ZM0022 Zambia: Support to ADMADE

Project Summary:

ADMADE is an integrated wildlife conservation and community development programme operating in 24 of the 34 Game Management Areas (GMAs) of Zambia. ADMADE tests two main hypotheses: that community participation in, and their derivation of tangible benefits from, wildlife management is a more effective way of conserving the wildlife and ecological estate of Zambia; and that sustainable wildlife utilization is a viable and profitable land-use option for local communities to pursue. The programme is being implemented by the National Parks and Wildlife Service of Zambia. Through this project, WWF provides technical and administrative assistance to ADMADE.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 0
Freshwater Ecosystems 0
EE & Capacity Building 0Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 0
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 0
Non-Biome Specific 100 Sustainable Resource Use 80
Treaties & Legislation 20
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

Throughout the 1970s and most of the 1980s, illegal off­take of wildlife had a dramatic and detrimental effect on wildlife numbers in Zambia. It was clear that the policy of wildlife preservation through enforced protection measures was failing. Research showed that one major factor causing increased poaching related to the transfer of ownership, during colonial rule, away from local communities to the state. It was argued that because communities no longer had control over wildlife, they had lost the incentive to conserve the resource. The result was increasing unsustainable resource utilization, including the willing collaboration in commercial poaching activities. In order to address the deteriorating situation, the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) implemented a new policy for wildlife management that became the ADMADE programme. The main objective of the policy was that, over time, the community would regain the custodianship and management of wildlife.

To achieve this objective, the initial strategy had two components. First, local committees were created to increase participation by communities in wildlife management. In addition, employment opportunities were created throughout the village scout programme. And second, a share of hunting revenues was passed through the committees to communities, in order to establish a direct benefit from wildlife. Previously, these revenues had been completely retained by government. Complementing these strategies, the programme has also attempted to build local capacity to implement development projects in order to improve local services and generate alternative sources of income and livelihoods.

Achievements during the last three years of the project have included: (a) establishment of the principle that communities have a right to participate in wildlife management and that it is a more effective way to achieve conservation. The process of legalizing community ownership has been started; (b) demonstration of the fact that, at least for the first two years of the project, significant revenues could be generated and shared by communities from hunting safaris; (c) training and employment of over 450 village scouts, 50 unit leaders, and 15 community development assistants. Five unit leaders have undergone diploma training courses at Mweka college in Tanzania, and two biologists have completed MSc degrees at the University of Zimbabwe; (e) infrastructure improvements, under the supervision of a specially recruited community development officer, including schools, clinics, and housing in all of the targeted GMAs. Women's training courses have also been completed; (e) recruitment of a land-use planning officer who has assisted in the development of GIS databases for most GMAs in the ADMADE programme; and (f) training workshops for traditional leaders.

Phase I of the project ended in June 1994 and Phase II started in July 1994.

Project Objectives:

Phase I main objective:

1. To increase income and enhance capability to meet basic human needs through sustainable utilization and conservation of natural ecosystems.

Specific objectives:

2. To demonstrate the value of wildlife utilization.

3. To address issues of resource ownership by communities.

4. To establish a self­sustaining natural resource management programme.

5. To strengthen institutional decision-making processes.

6. To increase the social welfare of communities.

7. To reform the flow of revenue from wildlife utilization.

Phase II:

8. To assist with wildlife management policy and legislation reform.

9. To improve the NPWS information base on the nine USAID­funded GMAs and one depleted GMA.

10. To assess status of resources through a participatory approach among communities in two GMAs.

11. To assist NPWS in improving implementation of ADMADE's revenue sharing with GMAs.

ZM0022.1: Support to ADMADE (Jun. 91 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

Activity Biomes:

Tropical Woodland.

Activity Methods:

Protected Area Management.

(Concept) ZM0032 Zambia: Application of Participatory Approaches to the Conservation and Management of Kafue Flats Wetlands

Project Summary:

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The Kafue Flats are amongst the most important wetlands in Africa, subject to increasing pressures for hydro-electric power production, irrigation, water supply, agriculture, pastoralism, and wildlife and fisheries production. This three-year project proposal aims to extend wildlife management as a sustainable land-use practice in the Kafue Flats wetlands (which include two National Parks/Ramsar Sites and a Game Management Area) by applying participatory approaches to wetlands conservation and management, and developing the capacity of local communities to manage wetlands resources. Wildlife is used in the context of all renewable natural resources. The project is built on the foundations of WWF's previous work in Zambia, specifically the WWF­Zambia Wetlands Project and Support for the Administrative Management Design Programme (ADMADE).
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 10
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 EE & Capacity Building 10
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 10
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 10
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 50
Treaties & Legislation 10
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

WWF and IUCN initiated an International Wetlands Conservation Programme between 1985 and 1987, which identified Zambia as a focus for wetlands conservation and development in southern Africa. The WWF Zambia Wetlands Project was thus developed, and funded and implemented by WWF through the National Parks and Wildlife Service from 1986 under the Ministry of Tourism, with initial technical assistance from IUCN. Project activities were integrated into the National Parks and Wildlife Service as routine functions, and handed over to government in July 1995. The project aimed to assist the Zambian National Parks and Wildlife Service with the containment and reversal of natural resources degradation in the National Parks and Game Management Areas (GMAs) of the Kafue Flats and Bangweulu Swamps wetlands.

To some extent this has been achieved. From its inception, the project adopted two strategies. First, it assisted with the development of wetlands management capacity in the National Parks and Wildlife Service. Second, it assisted with establishing community participation in wetlands conservation and management through the facility of the Administrative Management Design (ADMADE) programme. This latter approach was based on the premise that community-based natural resource management is a viable and competitive land-use management option. The WWF Zambia Wetlands Project was evaluated at its conclusion in July 1995. Although deemed largely successful within its operational context, a key recommendation was that WWF should develop new activities aimed at addressing its major weakness in developing the capacity of local communities to participate more effectively in the management and conservation of the wetlands within which it had been working. Apart from the recommendations of the evaluation, concern has been expressed directly by the communities themselves over the negative impact of losing WWF support at a crucial stage in the development of their roles in wetlands conservation and management.

Discussions with government reveal that the National Parks and Wildlife Service itself would benefit from the continued support of WWF and other non-governmental organizations for capacity building activities amongst local communities. This is particularly so because the development of appropriate skills and mechanisms for participatory planning and management in GMAs would enhance the function of the ADMADE programme as a facility for community-based natural resource management. Due to the limitations of centralized management and regulation of GMAs, government recognizes the importance of decentralizing natural resources management to local communities in such areas. Community-based natural resource management provides an opportunity for a sustainable and equitable system of managing marginal agricultural lands set aside as GMAs in buffer zones around National Parks, which are settled by traditional communities. The viability of such a system presupposes that management capacity of local communities exists in an environment conducive to stakeholder participation (including the private sector) within a framework of enabling policy and legislation. These conditions have largely been met in Zambia with support from WWF and other donors over the last 10 years. In October 1995 WWF reaffirmed its commitment to a focal programme in Zambia, based largely on the significance of the country's wetland resources and the establishment of participatory approaches to natural resources management.

Project Objectives:

View Map

Development Objective:

1. To extend wildlife management as a sustainable land-use practice in the Kafue Flats wetlands.

Immediate Objectives:

2. To apply participatory approaches to the conservation and management of the Kafue Flats wetlands.

3. To develop the capacity of local communities to manage wetlands resources.

4. To develop and implement - following baseline research, participatory learning appraisals, and training - working community-based natural resource management mechanisms to interface with both local and centralized government structures. By the end of the project, the extent, quality and effectiveness of natural resources management in the Kafue Flats is expected to have improved. The project will have extended wildlife management as a sustainable land-use practice in the Kafue Flats wetlands, and will contribute to similar objectives in other wetlands of Zambia.

Outputs:

5. To produce the following outputs from the project:

a) project management and coordination

b) upgrade the Wetlands Conservation and Management Community Centre (WCMCC) at Lochinvar

c) establish Lochinvar WCMCC as a participatory learning appraisal training and outreach facility

d) socio­economic survey of Kafue Flats Game Management Area (GMA)

e) participatory resource assessment in Kafue Flats GMA

f) training and development in organizational, financial, and natural resources management for target communities in Kafue Flats GMA

g) application of functional mechanisms for organizational, financial, and natural resources management to appropriate community-based organizations in Kafue Flats GMA

h) application of entrepreneurial skills in sustainable natural resources utilization amongst target communities in Kafue Flats GMA

i) impact assessment of participatory wetlands conservation and the management on the status of natural resources in Kafue Flats GMA.

The project outputs should lead to improvements in the extent, quality and effectiveness of natural resources' management in the Kafue Flats wetlands. A subsequent phase may be required to integrate management and investment within the framework of participatory management plans to be developed by the National Parks and Wildlife Service for the Kafue Flats GMA and its two National Parks/Ramsar sites.

ZM0032.1: Applic. of Particip. Approaches to the Cons. & Mgmnt of Kafue Flats Wetlands (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

Activity Biomes:

Marshes/Swamps; River Systems; Tropical Woodland.

Activity Methods:

Community Conservation; Education; Fisheries Management; Species Management.

Activity Species:

Common waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus); Cookson's wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni); Eland (Taurotragus oryx); Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius); Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis); Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei); Wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).

(Concept) ZM0033 Zambia: Preparation of a Participatory Management Plan for the Kafue Flats GMA Wetlands

Project Summary:

Although significant progress has been achieved in developing community-based conservation and management of wetlands in Zambia's Game Management Areas (GMAs), long-term integrated conservation and management may only be achieved by harnessing the concerted capacities of all stakeholders to function within the framework of agreed management plans. Since the development of management plans for National Parks and GMAs is a responsibility of the Zambian National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS), there is a need for extending the capacity of the Service to carry out participatory management planning in wetlands under NPWS jurisdiction, particularly in GMAs where resource conflicts are most evident. This project proposal recommends, therefore, that WWF initiates a two­year project to extend wildlife sustainable land-use practice in the Kafue Flats wetlands. The development objective of the project is to prepare a participatory management plan for the Kafue Flats GMA wetlands, with the immediate objective of developing the wetlands planning, management, and outreach functions of NPWS.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 10
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 EE & Capacity Building 10
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 20
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 20
Non-Biome Specific 0
Sustainable Resource Use 25 Treaties & Legislation 15
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

WWF has worked in Zambia for approximately 30 years. A focus on Zambia's wetlands was initiated in 1986 as part of the WWF/IUCN Wetlands Conservation Programme (1985­1987), which resulted in the development of the WWF Zambia Wetlands Project within the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). Zambia's conservation identity is linked to wetlands and to various approaches to increase community involvement in natural resources management. Arguably, wetlands conservation and management are the most important ecological interventions for the future of Zambia, although it is recognized that watershed management as a whole is essential to the functioning of wetlands. The Zambian government recognizes that it lacks the capacity for centralized management of natural resources. Whilst devolution of natural resources management responsibility should not transcend national considerations, it should permit community organizations to participate in natural resource issues at a national level. There have been and continue to be a number of projects aiming to devolve responsibility for the conservation and management of wetlands to local communities in Zambia. Many of these projects will in their own right enhance the effectiveness of local communities in conserving and managing Zambia's wetlands.

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One such project was the WWF Zambia Wetlands Project funded and implemented by WWF through the National Parks and Wildlife Service from 1986, under the Ministry of Tourism, with initial technical assistance from IUCN. Project activities were integrated into NPWS as routine thematic functions, and handed over to government in July 1995. The project aimed to assist NPWS with the containment and reversal of natural resources degradation in Zambia's Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon National Parks and the Kafue Flats and Bangweulu GMAs. From its inception, the project adopted two strategies. First, it assisted with the development of wetlands management capacity in NPWS. Second, it assisted with establishing community participation in wetlands conservation and management through the facility of the NPWS Administrative Management Design (ADMADE) programme. This latter approach was based on the premise that community-based natural resource management is a viable and competitive land-use management option.

In the field of wetlands management and utilization, significant progress has been made towards the development of a wetlands database and preliminary wetlands management documents for three key wetland areas, now designated as wetlands of international importance under the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar). Equally, the project pioneered much of the work on the role of wetland communities in communal natural resource management, and community involvement in the gradual development of integrated wetland resource management arrangements. Representative community structures have been established in the Kafue Flats wetlands in the form of Wetlands Management Authorities and Community Development Units, within the ADMADE programme. (These organizations are now being analysed with a view to compatibility with local government systems, and flexibility for application to participatory natural resources planning and management.)

The WWF Zambia Wetlands Project was evaluated at its conclusion in July 1995, and although deemed largely successful within its operational context, one of the key recommendations was that WWF should secure its investment in developing the wetlands management capacity of NPWS, particularly its participatory planning and management functions within the AMADE programme. WWF acknowledges that it should maintain this momentum, on a step­by­step basis that is compatible with both government and community aspirations. NPWS still perceives a specific need for a strengthening of its own wetlands management capability, and considers that the original wetlands project objective for an enhanced NPWS wetlands management capability has yet to be adequately achieved. NPWS is also aware that it requires further assistance to build its capacity to fulfil its responsibility of ensuring ADMADE functions effectively in GMAs; participatory planning is a key component of this responsibility. Assumptions about the capacity of NPWS to participate and contribute to improvements in natural resource conservation and management in the face of rapid changes in Zambia's social, political and economic circumstances have been undermined by its limited financial and manpower resources. However, these limitations have been mitigated by the former WWF Zambia Wetlands Project itself and WWF's ongoing "Support for ADMADE" project (ZM0022). They are also currently being addressed by the project "Development of sustainable wildlife management towards the diversification of the Zambian economy", developed with WWF assistance and funded by the European Union (EU). It is against this background that WWF has developed this proposal.

Project Objectives:

Main Objective:

1. To extend the management of wildlife as a sustainable form of land­use in the Kafue Flats GMA, as one of Zambia's key wetland environments, through capacity building amongst target communities and NPWS, and the development of a framework for effective participatory planning, conservation, and management of the Kafue Flats GMA.

Development Objective:

2. To prepare a Participatory Management Plan for Kafue Flats Game Management Area.

Immediate Objective:

3. To develop the wetlands planning, management, and outreach functions of NPWS.

4. To give attention to integrating this initiative with the management of Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon National Parks, as prescribed by their respective management documents. The project will be implemented through NPWS and existing delegated authorities and professional departments, but with greater thematic coordination of national wetlands issues being required, particularly within the context of river basin or watershed management.

Outputs:

5. To produce the following outputs from the project:

a) project management and coordination

b) update and consolidation of NPWS Wetlands Database

c) consolidation of existing management documents for Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon National Parks

d) review of relevant policy, legislation, and management planning strategies for wetland GMAs

e) training in PLA techniques for NPWS outreach staff

f) participatory management planning in the Kafue Flats GMA

g) adoption of Kafue Flats GMA Management Plan by stakeholders

h) project monitoring and evaluation.

ZM0033.1: Preparation of Participatory Mgmnt Plan for the Kafue Flats GMA Wetlands (Jul. 96 - Jun. 98)

Activity Background:

Activities are proposed which will provide the framework, information, policy, and skills with which NPWS may develop participatory management plans for the wetlands GMAs, focusing on the Kafue Flats GMA as a model. Funds will be allocated against specific, agreed workplans and budgets for project activities, to be implemented and coordinated by the NPWS Wetlands Unit, in collaboration with the NPWS Protected Area Planning Unit. It is envisaged that effective implementation of these initiatives will require consideration of national, river basin or watershed, conservation and management issues. Attention will be given to integrating this initiative with the management of Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon National Parks, as prescribed by their respective management documents. The project will be implemented through NPWS and existing delegated authorities and professional departments, but with greater thematic coordination of national wetlands issues being required, particularly within the context of river basin or watershed management.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

Activity Biomes:

Marshes/Swamps; River Systems; Tropical Woodland.

Activity Methods:

Community Conservation; Fisheries Management; Natural Resource Economics; Species Management.

Activity Species:

African elephant (Loxodonta africana); Cookson's wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni); Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis); Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei); Wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).

(Concept) ZM0035 Zambia: Small Grants Programme ­ Zambia

Project Summary:

The WWF Zambia Programme Office proposes to establish a small grants facility within the Zambia Country Programme, from which small conservation initiatives with the potential of contributing to WWF's goals would be funded. The fund will provide grants to deserving applicants for short-term training, institutional capacity building (particularly local NGOs), research, technical support, and public awareness of priority conservation issues. Operation of the fund will be a way of maintaining active involvement in policy and advocacy work in Zambia, as well as having a direct impact on local environmental initiatives. Funding of successful applicants will be granted on the basis of applications submitted to the WWF Zambia Programme Office. Applications will be evaluated against selection criteria set by the Programme Office in conformity with WWF International guidelines. The project will also coordinate Zambian applications to other Small Grants and Education and Capacity Building funding facilities in the WWF Network.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 10
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 EE & Capacity Building 20
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 10
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 20
Non-Biome Specific 100
Sustainable Resource Use 20 Treaties & Legislation 20
Non-Priority Strategies 0

Project Background:

Small grants can be a valuable method of realizing WWF's conservation goals in the field. The administration of a small grants fund from the WWF Zambia Country Office will give the Zambia Programme the opportunity to play a more active role in policy and advocacy work in conjunction with local partners, particularly local NGOs. In addition, it will give WWF the opportunity of maintaining thematic integration of the programme, whilst creating a direct impact on local environmental initiatives and in the process making WWF more responsive to local needs. Since there are a number of other small grants and education and capacity building funding facilities available in the WWF Network, this project will also play a valuable role in coordinating Zambian applications to such facilities.

The WWF Zambia Country Office has in place the management capability to administer the fund, and will also be able to draw on the expertise of local Project Managers (members of the local Advisory Team) in the approval process. Following the preliminary and final selection of small grant applications, final approval of disbursement of grants will be the responsibility of the WWF Country Representative. The contact person for submission of applications for the fund will be the Programme Officer. Proposals will be assessed with respect to: relevance to WWF priority biomes and strategies at subregional and Zambia Programme levels; promotion of gender balance or enhancement of the role of women in environmental issues in general; applicant qualifications and/or experience in conservation work; the size and clarity of the budget in relation to proposed project activities; submission of adequate project documentation describing objectives, justification, activities, expected outputs, and measures of success. Originality and creativity will be an advantage to applicants. Grants will not be awarded where such support might create unreasonable recurrent needs. Grants may be awarded in instalments, and accountability requirements will be strictly adhered to.

Project Objectives:

Main Objective:

1. To improve environmental and natural resources management, research, policies, legislation, and funding in Zambia.

Specific Objectives:

2. To provide funding to small-scale conservation initiatives, specifically:

3. To provide short term training for deserving institutions and individuals in natural resource management.

4. To provide institutional capacity building in local institutions, including non­governmental organizations and community­based organizations.

5. To provide technical support for research work and natural resource monitoring.

6. To develop education/awareness materials in natural resource conservation.

7. To encourage the gender balance in natural resource management.

8. To enhance the local profile of WWF as a conservation organization, specifically:

9. To prepare the necessary paperwork for approval of awards from the fund.

10. To form a selection committee to consider applications.

11. To prepare the selection criteria, which will also specify the deadline and standard format for submission of applications.

12. To arrange meetings with applicants to discuss proposals.

13. To screen/select applications for awards.

14. To prepare contracts specifying terms of reference, reporting, and other WWF requirements.

15. To disburse and track funds.

ZM0035.1: Small Grants Programme ­ Zambia (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

Activity Methods:

Institutional Support and Development; Research and Monitoring; Training.

(Concept) ZM0036 Zambia: Development of a Zambia Wetlands Programme

Project Summary:

This project aims to develop a Zambia Wetlands Programme by mobilizing, coordinating, and expanding the interest, expertise and information systems developed under past and current wetlands initiatives, such as the WWF Zambia Wetlands Project, within a functional national wetlands forum. A Wetlands Task Force was originally established by the ECZ to develop a National Wetlands Policy. The group was unable to fully meet this objective because of manpower and funding constraints. Despite this shortage of capacity, the Task Force did produce a report entitled "The Status of Wetlands in Zambia" which provided the basis of a stakeholders' workshop organized to develop recommendations for a National Wetlands Policy. The project aims to revitalize the Wetlands Task Force and expand its membership amongst stakeholders involved in Zambian wetlands conservation and management. The project will be implemented by the ECZ's Natural Resources Directorate with technical assistance provided by a WWF wetlands expert as required.
Priority Biomes % Strategies %
Forests 0Consumption & Pollution 15
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 EE & Capacity Building 15
Oceans and Coasts 0 Protected Areas 15
Non-Priority Biomes 0 Species 15
Non-Biome Specific 0 Sustainable Resource Use 15
Treaties & Legislation 15
Non-Priority Strategies 10

Project Background:

The aim of the project is to develop a portfolio of prioritized wetlands projects and activities for development and implementation within a WWF Zambia Wetlands Programme. In achieving this aim, the project will establish a prioritized inventory of Zambia's wetlands, including a database of their attributes, and recommendations for the development of national wetlands policy and legislation. At the same time the project will help coordinate and develop the capacity of government institutions and stakeholders to respond to the demands of wetlands conservation and management. The project will be carried out by the Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ) in partnership with its intersectoral Wetlands Task Force and with WWF technical assistance as required.

Zambia's wetland systems will be prioritized and wetland project interventions reviewed. The activities of this project will be integrated with associated initiatives of the ECZ as appropriate, such as development of wetlands policy and legislation, accession to and compliance with wetlands­related treaties and conventions, coordination with Zambia's National Environmental Action Plan, environmental education and awareness, wetlands planning and management, and training, etc. It is expected that the ECZ will collaborate with other governmental, NGO and private institutions in coordinating and developing a database on Zambia's wetlands, including the National Parks and Wildlife Service, WWF and IUCN, and ASCO (Zambia) Ltd (a local natural resources management consulting firm with extensive mapping and Geographical Information Systems [GIS] capability). Training activities will include short­term introductory and practical courses in the management and application of GIS, possibly through the Environmental and Remote Sensing Institute in Harare, Zimbabwe. Target institutions for training will be those with established GIS stations in Zambia, such as the ECZ, NPWS, and the Natural Resources Department.

Project Objectives:

1. To develop a portfolio of prioritized wetland projects and activities for development and implementation within a Zambia Wetlands Programme.

2. To develop the capacity of government institutions and stakeholders to respond to the demands of wetlands conservation and management.

3. To consider, upon project completion, ways of establishing the Wetlands Task Force as a permanent intersectoral committee.

ZM0036.1: Development of a Zambia Wetlands Programme (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)

Activity Background:

See Project Background.

Activity Objectives:

See Project Objectives.

Activity Biomes:

Lake Systems; Marshes/Swamps; River Systems.

Activity Methods:

Programme / Project Development.

Activity Species:

Black lechwe (Kobus leche smithemani); Common waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus); Cookson's wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni); Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis); Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei); Wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).