Contents
Its Significance
Tiger Facts
Tigers Status and Distribution
Tiger Threats
Fate of the Tiger
Solutions
WWF Action Plan

 Acknowledgements
 References


Year For The Tiger


References

1  Jackson, P. in press. The tiger in human consciousness and its significance in crafting solutions to tiger conservation. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

2  Nowell, K. and Jackson, P. 1996. Wild Cats: Status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

3  Smith, J.L.D. and McDougal, C. 1991. The contribution of variance in lifetime reproduction to effective population size in tigers. Conservation Biology 5: 484-490.

4  McDougal, C. Pers. comm.

5  Smith, J..LD., McDougal, C.W. and Sunquist, M.E. 1987. Female land tenure systems in tigers. In Tilson, R.L. and Seal, U.S. (eds.). pp.97-109. Tigers of the World: The biology, biopolitics, management and conservation of an endangered species. Noyes Publications, New Jersey, USA.

6  Miquelle, D.G., Smirnov, E.N., Quigley, H.B., Hornocker, M.G., Nikolaev, I.G. and Matyushkin, E.N. 1996. Food habits of Amur tigers in Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik and the Russian Far East, and implications for conservation.  J. Wildl. Res. 1: 138-147.

7  Seidensticker, J. 1996. Tigers. Worldlife Library, Colin Baxter Photography, Scotland.

8  Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E., Robinson, J., Karanth, U., Rabinowitz, A., Olson, D., Matthew, T., Hedao, P., Connor, M., Hemley, G. and Bolze, D. 1997. A framework for identifying high priority areas and actions for the conservation of  tigers in the wild. WWF-US and Wildlife Conservation Society, Washington DC, USA.

9  Karanth, K.U. and Sunquist, M.E. 1995. Prey selection by tiger, leopard, and dhole in tropical forests. Journal of Animal Ecology 64: 439-450.

10 Mainka, S. 1997. Tiger Progress: the response to CITES Resolution Conf. 9.13. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK.

11 Gee, E.P. 1964. The Wildlife of India. Collins, London.

12 Ghosh, A. 1994. Alarming decline in tiger numbers. Times of India, 9 May, New Delhi.

13 Anon. 1997. A spade becomes a spade. Tigerlink Newsletter 3 (2):17.

14 Jackson, P. 1997. Amur Tigers in Russia Surviving Poaching. Cat News 26: 4-5.

15 Thapar, V. Pers. comm.

16 Anon. 1996. Bangladesh expands tiger reserves. Cat News 25:5. 18 State Committee of the Russian Federation for the Protection of the Environment. 1996. Strategy for the Conservation of the Amur Tiger in Russia. WWF-Russia Programme Office, Moscow.

19 Toyne, E.P. 1997. On patrol with the poacher hunters. WWF News, Winter 1997-98: 8-9.

20 Matyushkin, E.N., Pikunov, D.G., Dunishenko, Y.M., Miquelle, D.G., Nikolaev, I.N., Smirnov, E.N., Salkina, G., Abramov, V.K. Basylnikov, V., Yudin, V.G., and Korkishko, V.G. 1996. Numbers, distribution, and habitat status of the Amur tiger in the Russian Far East: Express Report. USAID Russian Far East environmental policy and technology project report, Vladivostok, Russia.

21 Jackson, P. Pers. comm.

22 Ma Yiqing, Li Xiaomin and Sheng Helin. 1997. Status and Conservation of Tigers in China. Cat News 26: 6-7

23 Lu Houji & Sheng Helin. 1982. Distribution and status of the Chinese tiger. In Miller, S. &  Miller, D. (eds).  Cats of the World: iology, Conservation and Management 51-58. National Wildlife Federation, Washington DC, USA.

24 Tilson, R., Traylor-Holzer, K. & Qui Ming Jiang. 1997. The decline and impending extinction of the South China Tiger. Oryx 31: 243-252.

25 Tilson, R., Soemarna, K., Ramono, W., Lusli, S., Traylor-Holzer, K., and Seal, U. 1994.  Sumatran tiger population and habitat viability analysis report. Indonesian Forest Protection and Nature Conservation and IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group. Apple Valley, Minnesota, USA.

26 Franklin, N., Bastoni, Sriyanto, Siswomartono, D., Manansang, J., and Tilson, R. in press. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

27 Jackson, P. and Kemf, E. 1996. Wanted alive: Tigers in the wild. WWF International, Gland, Switzerland.

28 Plowden, C., and Bowles, D. 1997. The illegal market in tiger parts in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Oryx 31: 59-66.

29 Rabinowitz, A.R. 1993. Estimating the Indochinese tiger Panthera tigris corbetti population in Thailand. Biol. Conservation 65: 213-217.

30 Nguyen Xuan Dang & Pham Trong Anh. 1992. Tigers threatened in Vietnam. Cat News 16: 5.

31 Tunhikorn, S, and Smith, J.L.D. in press. Distribution and status of the tiger in Thailand: a case study in a group assessment process. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

32 Rabinowitz, A.R. 1997. On the road to Myanmar. Wildlife Conservation 100(6): 36-43.

33 Kemf, E. 1996. Cambodia forests in the balance. People and Planet 5 (4): 4.

34 Martin, E.B. 1995. Tigers in peril in Cambodia. Oryx. 29 (1): 2-3.

35 Cambodia State Secretariat for the Environment and IUCN. 1995. Cambodia Tiger Action Plan (Draft). Unpublished Report. Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

36 Kemf, E. Pers. comm.

37 Chazee, L. 1990. The Mammals of Laos and the Hunting Practices. Vientiane, Laos.

38 Kemf, E. 1995. The Forgotten Tigers of Indo-China. WWF-UK.

39 Baird, I.G. 1995. Laos PDR: An overview of traditional medicines derived from wild animals and plants. TRAFFIC South-east Asia. Unpublished report.

40 Hemley, G. and Bolze D. 1997. Controlling trade in and reducing demand for tiger products: a preliminary assessment of priority needs. In Dinerstein et al. (eds) 36-50. A framework for identifying high priority areas and actions for the conservation of tigers in the wild. WWF-US and Wildlife Conservation Society, Washington DC, USA. 

41 Mills, J.A. & Jackson, P. 1994. Killed for a Cure: An overview of the worldwide trade in tiger bone. TRAFFIC International.

42 Hemley, G. and Mills, J. in press. The beginning of the end of tigers in trade. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

43 Zhong, S. 1997. Traditional Chinese medicine and endangered species in the UK and EC countries. Paper presented at the First International Symposium on Endangered Species Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine: substitutes for tiger bone and musk, December 1997, Hong Kong.

44 Karanth, K.U. in press. Prey density as a critical determinant of tiger population viability. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

45 Miquelle, D.G, Smirnov, E.N., Myslenko, A., Merrill, W.T., Shevlakov, A., Quigley, H.B., and Hornocker, M.G. in press. Habitat relationships of the Amur tiger. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

46 Food and Agriculture Organisation. 1997. State of the World's Forests. FAO, Rome.

47 Anon. 1997. Political interest in saving India's tigers returns. Cat News, 1997  27: in press

48 Anon. 1997. Status of Tigers in Nepal. Cat News 26: 5-6.49 TRAFFIC East Asia. 1997. Substitute symposium reaches consensus for more dialogue and research. Press release: 8 December 1997.

50 Mills, J.A. Pers. comm.

51 Anon. 1995. Sino-Indian protocol on tiger conservation. Cat News 22: 3-4.

52 WWF. 1996. WWF Global Tiger Strategy. WWF unpublished draft.

53 Smith, J.L.D., McDougal, C. and Ahearn, S.C.  in press. Long term monitoring of tigers in Nepal: lessons and prospects. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

54 Dinerstein, E., Rijal, A., Bookbinder, M., Kattel, B., and Rajuria, A. in press. Tigers as Neighbors: Efforts to promote local guardianship of endangered species in lowland Nepal. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

55 Miquelle, D.G., Merrill, W.T., Dunishenko, Y.M., Smirnov, E.N., Quigley, H.B., Pikunov, D.G., and Hornocker, M.G. in press. A habitat protection plan for the Amur tiger: developing political and ecological criteria for a viable land-use plan. In Seidensticker, J., Jackson, P. and Christie, S (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Meeting the Needs of Wildlife and People in Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.



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