ZM0006 Zambia: Support to the Education Programme of the Wildlife
Conservation Society

Project Summary:
This project involves institutional support for the Wildlife Conservation
Society of Zambia to extend its Chongololo Clubs movement into
secondary schools and higher education institutes. The aim is
to help promote awareness of the country's rich natural resources
and the need to use them sustainably.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 100 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
|
Species 0Non-Biome Specific 100 |
| Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
Zambia is a large country with a relatively small population.
However, population growth and a faltering economy have caused
overexploitation of the country's natural resource base. Environmental
problems include deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution,
widespread poaching, and the gradual elimination of indigenous
flora and fauna. This project provides institutional support for
the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia (WCSZ), which already
has an established branch network and coordinates a national environmental
education programme, including the Chongololo and Conservation
Clubs movement and radio show.
Project Objectives:
1. To help the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia further
extend its Chongololo Clubs movement into secondary schools and
higher education institutes, in an effort to promote greater awareness
of the country's natural resources and the need to use them sustainably.
By targeting today's youth, it is hoped to influence tomorrow's
decisionmakers and government officials.
ZM0006.3: Chongololo Version of National Environmental Action
Plan (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
The project intends to orient the Wildlife Conservation Society
of Zambia (WCSZ) education programme and general membership to
the recommendations of the National and Regional Environmental
Action Plans (NEAP). Through specially designed education materials
and membership activities, the project will encourage participants
to reflect on their surroundings and bring out their perspectives
and concerns. These reflections will be compiled into a simplified
illustrated, popular, active and attractive young people's version
of the National and Regional Environmental Action Plans (NEAP)
in printed and video form. It is also envisaged that such activities
would lead to the creation of a new image for the Society, as
a basis for increasing membership. It is deliberately planned
that some activities will take place in the regions so as to involve
branches, and to form new branches where adequate interest is
generated.
Zambia adopted its National and Regional Environmental Action
Plans in 1994, compiled through a decentralized participatory
process. It provides the latest policy framework for promoting
sustainable development and responding to the various international
environmental treaties to which Zambia is a signatory. This project
is intended to generate publicity about and promote implementation
of the NEAP. The Society's national status, through its education
programme and membership, has the potential to contribute significantly
in terms of publicity and lobbying on critical environmental issues.
Activity Objectives:
Main objective:
1. To use the NEAP experience as a basis for an educational programme
which promotes environmental awareness and action, and increased
membership of the Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia, and
subsequently to compile a popular, young people's version of the
NEAP for the education programme.
Specific objectives:
1. To orient the WCSZ education programme and membership to the
latest national environmental policy.
2. To stimulate environmental rehabilitation and promotional
activities in schools and communities.
3. To generate innovative, participatory, and attractive supplementary
reading materials for schools and the public.
5. To collect and document environmental perspectives and concerns
from schoolchildren as a basis for producing a popular young people's
version of the National and Regional Environmental Action Plans.
6. To increase WCSZ's membership through increased publicity.
7. To improve the capacity of WCSZ branches to attract and retain
members.
8. To create a new public image for WCSZ as a national environmental
NGO.
Activity Methods:
Education.
ZM0016 Zambia: Environmental Education (EE) Programme
Project Summary:
This project aims to develop a crosscurricular environmental
education programme for primary schools in Zambia. It includes
assistance with teacher training and the development of teaching
materials for schools. WWF and its projects under the WWF Zambia
Country Programme, along with other organizations, particularly
those involved with community education activities, collaborate
closely with actvities undertaken under the Zambia Environmental
Education Programme (ZEEP).
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 100 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
When Zambia was selected as a WWF focal country, it was considered
essential to develop a comprehensive environmental education (EE)
programme as part of WWF's overall country programme. The timing
was opportune since the Zambian government was in the process
of revising school curricula. WWF assisted by establishing a national
programme to encourage the development of EE materials and the
training of teachers in the use of these materials. A Zambian
coordinator was appointed in 1989. This was followed by the establishment
of an office for the project. An official Memorandum of Understanding
was signed between the Zambian Government and WWF, formalizing
the activities of the Zambia Environmental Education Programme
(ZEEP). ZEEP now closely collaborates with government bodies,
such as the National InService Training College (NISTCOL),
the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), with NGOs such as the
Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia (WCSZ), and with other
WWF projects operating in the country. In September 1993 ZEEP
was replanned and, as a result, ZEEP's objectives are being progressively
focused to fewer but more measurable activities.
Project Objectives:
1. To promote awareness of environmental conservation issues
in Zambia.
2. To help implement the Zambian National Conservation Strategy.
3. To support WWF conservation projects in Zambia.
ZM0016.1: Coordination and Project Management (Jul. 89 -
Jun. 00)
Activity Background:
Project administration at the local level in Zambia is carried
out by the Project Coordinator who reports to the WWF Country
Office and keeps the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of
Environment and Natural Resources informed about the project's
activities. WWF International visits the project once a year for
ongoing monitoring.
Activity Objectives:
Main objective:
1. To maintain and facilitate coordination of environmental education
in Zambia, which addresses environmental problems.
Specific objectives:
2. To build a strong network of trained EE district coordinators
to carry out districtbased environmental activities.
3. To create linkages with partner NGOs and government departments
dealing with environmental matters.
4. To develop a strong mechanism for working in community environmental
action projects.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To strengthen and expand the network of District EE Coordinators
to 30.
2. To facilitate the preparation of the EE Strategy for Zambia.
3. To consolidate the work of ZEEP within government, and continue
to play a catalytic role among local NGOs.
Activity Methods:
Education.
ZM0016.2: Teacher Training (Jul. 89 - Jun. 00)
Activity Background:
View Map
Effective EE in Zambia is hampered by a lack of educational materials,
a shortage of teachers, and inadequate teacher training, particularly
inservice training. ZEEP has been working to address these
problems by assisting the Ministry of Education in the field of
teacher training, by providing educational materials, innovative
approaches to effective teaching, and by stimulating teamwork
amongst teachers. This has largely been focused through the National
InService Training College at Chalimbana. In addition, other
training approaches have been undertaken by working in preservice
colleges, through local workshops, and via radio broadcasts. Consequently,
there is now a significant cadre of teachers who have received
enhanced training in EE and who are beneficiaries of the materials
that have been produced by the project. It is now necessary to
build on this foundation and to expand the sphere of influence.
ZEEP intends to do this by working with specialist teachers (in
languages, music, art, etc.), holding workshops for School Inspectors
and College Principals, and by raising awareness of environmental
issues in education decisionmakers (planners, parliamentarians,
etc.).
Activity Objectives:
1. To hold workshops and seminars in order to raise awareness
in decisionmakers about the need for EE in teacher training.
2. To develop the skills necessary for the incorporation of EE
into teacher training programmes.
3. To integrate EE components into both pre- and inservice
teacher training programmes.
4. To prepare and distribute the "Teacher Trainers Guide
for Environmental Education".
5. To train a cadre of volunteers to work with communities, including
youths out of school, women and other social groups, in environmental
management and natural resource utilization.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To further integrate EE in the schools curricula.
2. To revise and gain approval by government of the final draft
of the "Teacher Training Guide for EE".
3. To train all School Inspectors and College Principals.
4. To conduct external evaluation.
5. To train 26 teacher trainers.
Activity Methods:
Training.
ZM0016.3: Environmental Education Materials for Primary
Schools (Jul. 89 - Jun. 00)
Activity Background:
The Zambian education system is in dire need of teaching and learning
materials in all subject areas. The preparation of crosscurricular
EE materials will, in part, meet this need. In particular, core
texts and supplementary reading materials are needed for junior
primary school classes (Grades 1 to 4), and by 1998 it is envisaged
that four texts for these levels will have been written and tested,
printed, and distributed to selected schools. By the year 2000
it is anticipated that these texts will have been reprinted in
sufficient volume for distribution to all schools. These texts
will be used by teachers trained through the work carried out
under Activity 2 of this project. Additional work will be carried
out in the following areas: production of EE materials in Zambian
languages; a shortstory writing competition in order to
provide material for the production of primary school supplementary
readers; collaboration with UK ODA in order to provide input to
the ODA's Book Box project.
Activity Objectives:
1. To produce EE materials which will meet, in part, the need
that exists within the school system.
2. To stimulate and support the use of these materials in order
to improve the quality of EE in Zambia.
3. To stimulate the creation of supplementary EE materials through
collaboration with local writers and artists and through public
competitions.
4. To collaborate with other agencies producing educational materials,
in order to encourage the inclusion of environmental topics in
their productions.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To plan and implement a process for production and distribution
of key EE materials for the government.
2. To assist in the identification of sources of funding for
large-scale production of key EE materials.
3. To evaluate activity.
Activity Methods:
Education.
ZM0016.4: Community Environmental Education and Activities
(Jul. 95 - Jun. 00)
Activity Background:
It has become apparent, through working with teachers in the National
InService Teaching College, that environmental degradation
is taking place, in part, because of the lack of knowledge in
communities with regard to caring for their environment and utilizing
their natural resources sustainably. For example, in attempting
to establish tree plantations, many schools face a range of problems
(such as inadequate husbandry, domestic animal damage, and fire)
which are compounded by the fact that there is little awareness
of these problems within the school's community. This can result
in a lack of support for the school's initiative from the community
and subsequent failure of the activity. There are also deeply
embedded community attitudes which need to be changed, and could
be, by building links between communities and the practical EE
activities taking place in their schools. Such links are intended
to improve the viability of school projects and provide a focus
for similar community activities.
Activity Objectives:
1. To link school environmental activities to communities and
vice versa.
2. To assist communities in embarking on reversing environmental
degradation and fighting disease through local projects.
3. To assist communities in the development of the resource base
for their fuel-wood.
4. To encourage communities to use the environment to fight malnutrition
and poverty by building a base for food security.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To establish community environmental education projects.
2. To establish trained Community Educators/Facilitators.
Activity Methods:
Community Conservation; Education.
ZM0018 Zambia: Support for Wildlife Species Protection Unit
Project Summary:
This project involves WWF support for the Species Protection Department
of Zambia's AntiCorruption Commission, following the extension
of its mandate to include antipoaching activities in an
effort to crack down on the so-called "middlemen" responsible
for organizing and carrying out poaching and illegal traffic in
wildlife.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 50 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 50
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
View Map
As much as a third of Zambia's 750,000 sq km has been designated
as National Parks (NP) or Game Management Areas (GMA). In the
1970s these areas supported a vast abundance of game. The Luangwa
region in particular was noted for its large herds of elephants
and rhinos. Today, elephant and rhino populations have been severely
depleted by poaching. As the population of black rhinos plummeted
from 4,000 in 1970 to under 40 in 1990, the poachers moved into
Zimbabwe, with devastating consequences. Whilst international
concern has focused mainly on elephants and rhinos, commercial
poaching for meat is now threatening Zambia's entire wildlife
resource. In response to international pressure to halt poaching,
the Zambian government decided to extend the mandate of its AntiCorruption
Commission (ACC) in a drive to crack down on the so-called "middlemen"
responsible for organizing and carrying out poaching and illegal
traffic in wildlife. Subsequent actions have included the expulsion
of a North Korean caught with 23 rhino horns, the indictment of
a Regional Governor for poaching, the arrest of a senior army
officer found with 216 elephant tusks, and an increase in the
number of poachers convicted in the Luangwa Valley. Despite this
success, it is widely accepted that the ACC will not be effective
without foreign donor assistance in the early stages.
Project Objectives:
1. To support the Species Protection Department in its drive
to crack down on poaching and illegal traffic of wildlife.
ZM0018.1: Support for Wildlife Species Protection Unit (May.
90 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
The Species Protection Department was specifically formed to fight
commercial poaching and illegal trafficking of wildlife and its
products. This is being achieved through community awareness and
law enforcement. This project activity supports the Department
through the purchase of vehicles, mobile communications equipment,
office equipment, and field supplies. Future plans include the
launch of a publicity campaign to highlight the work of the Species
Protection Department and the organization of regional seminars
by ACC to inform magistrates about the international trade in
ivory and rhino horn and the high value of these goods on the
black market. It is anticipated that this would lead to the imposition
of maximum sentences for poaching and illegal trade in wildlife.
Activity Objectives:
1. To investigate, arrest, and prosecute organized poaching and
traffic syndicates, in collaboration with local and international
law enforcement agencies (including NPWS).
2. To undertake community education, awareness and training programmes
through public meetings, seminars, lectures, talks, publicity
materials and media coverage, including television and radio broadcasts.
3. To examine systems and procedures that facilitate trade in
wildlife, with a view to identifying and sealing loopholes which
facilitate illegal dealings.
4. To explore the possibility of the formation of communitybased
clubs that will promote conservation in their localities (to be
assisted by Provincial SPD Liaison Officers).
5. To undertake joint investigations with law enforcement agencies
in the region, with a view to eliminating illegal international
traffic in wildlife.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
The borders between Zambia and Mozambique, and Zambia and Angola
will require increased attention by the Species Protection Department,
in order to stem the flow of cross-border poaching and the movement
of firearms and wildlife trophy stockpiles (mainly ivory). The
identities of local people and, in particular, foreign nationals
involved in the illegal trafficking of wildlife and its products
will be sought, and measures taken to investigate and prosecute
them. Community awareness campaigns will be continued to solicit
support of the public. The illegal trade in live wild animals
will be tackled, including illegal trade in indigenous wildlife
and timber, and the exotic trade in African grey parrots and chimpanzees.
The Species Protection Department will recruit additional staff.
Activity Methods:
Institutional Support and Development.
Activity Species:
African elephant (Loxodonta africana); Black rhinoceros (Diceros
bicornis); Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).
ZM0019 Zambia: WWF Programme Office
Project Summary:
This project involves the establishment and functioning of a WWF
Programme Office in Zambia. The aim is to increase the role and
influence of WWF in Zambian environmental conservation activities,
through development of a locally managed Country Programme and
by the establishment of an information network on environmental
issues and policies. The Programme Office's strategy will be to
improve environmental and natural resource management policies,
legislation, planning, coordination, and funding.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 0 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 100
|
Project Background:
Although WWF had been working in Zambia since 1962, it was only
in the mid1980s that it began to focus its support in the
country, in response to its relatively high inland biodiversity
status and intact ecosystems. In order to coordinate these efforts
and promote the effective use of available resources, a Country
Office began work in July 1991, and was officially opened by the
WWF International President, HRH the Duke of Edinburgh, in October
1991. The office has helped with the development of a coordinated
and strategic WWF Programme in Zambia and has proved essential
for the coordination of numerous projects with a broad base of
support from five WWF National Organizations (NOs) and four GAA
donors. The office now functions as a fullyfledged Programme
Office, with capacity for programme and project management established,
and provides logistical, technical, administrative, and contractual
support to all projects. The office has developed and consolidated
the WWF Zambia Country Programme within the framework of Country
and Subregional Programme Strategies approved by the Southern
Africa Subregional Team and the Africa/Madagascar Programme Subcommittee.
Project Objectives:
1. To establish a Programme Office and appoint a Representative.
2. To manage and coordinate the approved Country Programme and
to provide logistical and technical assistance, where appropriate.
3. To further develop a dynamic Country Programme and Strategy
for Zambia which are responsive to the environmental needs and
priorities of the host country and WWF's own Mission.
4. To establish a mechanism for developing and assessing new
projects, submitted to WWF for funding, within approved Subregional
and Country Programmes.
5. To provide a focus for networking information on conservation
activities and policy issues.
ZM0019.1: WWF Programme Office (Jul. 91 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
1. To complete FY96 Programme reporting requirements.
2. To complete the Zambia Wetlands project evaluation and audit
(ZM0010).
3. To complete the WWF Zambia Programme evaluation.
4. To provide the NO Task Force and Africa/Madagasacar Subcommittee
Core Group with information on the status and performance of the
WWF Zambia Country Programme.
5. To continue WWF Zambia Programme management, technical assistance
and development, including potential for following up the WWF
Zambia Wetlands and WWF Support for ADMADE projects (ZM0010 and
ZM0022).
6. To carry out assessment of biodiversity and prioritization
of biomes in Zambia.
Major targets for FY1998 and beyond:
1. To develop and implement a new Country Programme for Zambia,
and to maintain a Programme Office and Representation appropriate
to the demands of the Country Programme and its functional integration
with the WWF Subregional Programme Office and Strategic Plan for
Southern Africa. Within this context, the Zambia Programme Office
aims to make effective use of the new Programme Funding System
in order to attract both private sector and GAA funding to support
the Country Programme.
Activity Methods:
Programme / Project Development.
ZM0020 Zambia: Conservation and Management of the Bangweulu
Wetlands, Samfya
Project Summary:
View Map
This project, funded by DANIDA through WWFDenmark, is designed
to help local communities develop a system of natural resource
management in the Bangweulu Wetlands in Zambia, in an effort to
halt the depletion of natural resources in the swamps. It also
involves measures to improve agricultural methods in order to
increase food security. The aim is to strengthen local incentives
to protect natural resources, reduce pressure on them, and improve
social conditions for local inhabitants.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 |
| EE & Capacity Building 0 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 100 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 0
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
This project, to conserve and manage the Bangweulu wetlands at
Samfya in Zambia, was first approved by the Danish Development
Agency (DANIDA) for funding in August 1991. A formal agreement
for the implementation of the project was signed with the Zambian
government in January 1992. The Bangweulu wetlands consist of
swamps and seasonally flooded flats and are among the most important
wetlands in Africa. They are rich in wildlife, fish and genetic
diversity. The people who live in the Bangweulu swamps are completely
dependent on these natural resources for their food, fuel, and
income. They are poor and have little access to community services
such as schools and clinics. They also receive very little external
help, such as agricultural extension or support for forestry and
fishing initiatives. This poverty and lack of external support
leads to unSustainable Resource Use in the swamps. Natural resources
such as wildlife and perhaps fish are over-utilized, while agriculture
and related landuse practices are less productive than they
could be. The utilization of wildlife is at present dominated
by illegal offtake. Additional strains on traditional resource
utilization include rapid population growth and pressure from
outside interests, mainly from fishing and poaching. As a result,
valuable natural resources are threatened with depletion, putting
at risk the people who depend on them for their survival. This
project is designed to help local communities develop a system
of natural resource management in the swamps, and improve agricultural
methods in order to increase food security. The aim is to strengthen
local incentives to protect natural resources, reduce pressure
on them, and improve social conditions for local people.
Project Objectives:
Main objectives:
1. To achieve the sustainable utilization of the natural resources
of the Chiefdoms of KalasaMukoso, Mushili, Bwalya Mponda,
and Nsamba, for the benefit of local communities.
2. To reduce pressure on natural resources by strengthening local
incentives to protect natural resources and improving social conditions
for local communities.
Specific objectives:
1. To conserve and manage wildlife and fisheries resources to
benefit local communities.
2. To improve food security.
3. To conduct afforestation of suitable islands in the swamps.
4. To establish a basis for a longterm process towards
sustainable use of resources.
5. To improve capacity for local decisionmaking in natural
resource management and community development issues.
6. To support improvements in local transport and supply systems.
ZM0020.2: Trials in Particip. Wildlife & Fisheries Mgmnt
Systems in the Bangweulu Swamps (Jul. 96 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
This activity is an extension of the WWF Bangweulu Wetlands project
(Phase I), which was completed in June 1996. It will provide additional
baseline information and experience in relation to community-based
fisheries and wildlife management, and community sensitization
to the concepts of sustainable natural resource management. The
outputs of this project will be used to develop and implement,
as appropriate, a new WWF project concept "Integrated Management
of the Bangweulu Wetlands". The outputs will be of fundamental
significance in their own right to local communities, local government,
and the central government's fisheries, wildlife, and forestry
authorities, which are in the process of developing community-based
natural resource management systems throughout the country.
Activity Objectives:
Development objective:
1. To assess and develop the mechanisms for sustainable management
of natural resources in the Bangweulu swamps.
Specific objectives:
1. To use participatory techniques for identifying and documenting
fisheries and wildlife resource use conflicts.
2. To show fisheries and wildlife population trends towards stabilization
or increase by assessing stocks of indicator species (including
fishstocks, black lechwe, sitatunga, shoebill stork, and
Wetlands International counts of waterbirds).
3. To develop a project proposal entitled "Integrated Management
of the Bangweulu Wetlands".
Activity Biomes:
Marshes/Swamps; River Systems; Tropical Woodland.
Activity Methods:
Community Conservation; Education; Research and Monitoring; Training.
Activity Species:
Common waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus); Cookson's wildebeest
(Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni); Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus);
Shoebill (Balaeniceps rex); Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei); Wattled
crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).
ZM0022 Zambia: Support to ADMADE
Project Summary:
ADMADE is an integrated wildlife conservation and community development
programme operating in 24 of the 34 Game Management Areas (GMAs)
of Zambia. ADMADE tests two main hypotheses: that community participation
in, and their derivation of tangible benefits from, wildlife management
is a more effective way of conserving the wildlife and ecological
estate of Zambia; and that sustainable wildlife utilization is
a viable and profitable land-use option for local communities
to pursue. The programme is being implemented by the National
Parks and Wildlife Service of Zambia. Through this project, WWF
provides technical and administrative assistance to ADMADE.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 0
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
|
EE & Capacity Building 0Oceans and Coasts 0
| | Protected Areas 0 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 0 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 80 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 20
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
Throughout the 1970s and most of the 1980s, illegal offtake
of wildlife had a dramatic and detrimental effect on wildlife
numbers in Zambia. It was clear that the policy of wildlife preservation
through enforced protection measures was failing. Research showed
that one major factor causing increased poaching related to the
transfer of ownership, during colonial rule, away from local communities
to the state. It was argued that because communities no longer
had control over wildlife, they had lost the incentive to conserve
the resource. The result was increasing unsustainable resource
utilization, including the willing collaboration in commercial
poaching activities. In order to address the deteriorating situation,
the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) implemented a new
policy for wildlife management that became the ADMADE programme.
The main objective of the policy was that, over time, the community
would regain the custodianship and management of wildlife.
To achieve this objective, the initial strategy had two components.
First, local committees were created to increase participation
by communities in wildlife management. In addition, employment
opportunities were created throughout the village scout programme.
And second, a share of hunting revenues was passed through the
committees to communities, in order to establish a direct benefit
from wildlife. Previously, these revenues had been completely
retained by government. Complementing these strategies, the programme
has also attempted to build local capacity to implement development
projects in order to improve local services and generate alternative
sources of income and livelihoods.
Achievements during the last three years of the project have included:
(a) establishment of the principle that communities have a right
to participate in wildlife management and that it is a more effective
way to achieve conservation. The process of legalizing community
ownership has been started; (b) demonstration of the fact that,
at least for the first two years of the project, significant revenues
could be generated and shared by communities from hunting safaris;
(c) training and employment of over 450 village scouts, 50 unit
leaders, and 15 community development assistants. Five unit leaders
have undergone diploma training courses at Mweka college in Tanzania,
and two biologists have completed MSc degrees at the University
of Zimbabwe; (e) infrastructure improvements, under the supervision
of a specially recruited community development officer, including
schools, clinics, and housing in all of the targeted GMAs. Women's
training courses have also been completed; (e) recruitment of
a land-use planning officer who has assisted in the development
of GIS databases for most GMAs in the ADMADE programme; and (f)
training workshops for traditional leaders.
Phase I of the project ended in June 1994 and Phase II started
in July 1994.
Project Objectives:
Phase I main objective:
1. To increase income and enhance capability to meet basic human
needs through sustainable utilization and conservation of natural
ecosystems.
Specific objectives:
2. To demonstrate the value of wildlife utilization.
3. To address issues of resource ownership by communities.
4. To establish a selfsustaining natural resource management
programme.
5. To strengthen institutional decision-making processes.
6. To increase the social welfare of communities.
7. To reform the flow of revenue from wildlife utilization.
Phase II:
8. To assist with wildlife management policy and legislation
reform.
9. To improve the NPWS information base on the nine USAIDfunded
GMAs and one depleted GMA.
10. To assess status of resources through a participatory approach
among communities in two GMAs.
11. To assist NPWS in improving implementation of ADMADE's revenue
sharing with GMAs.
ZM0022.1: Support to ADMADE (Jun. 91 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Tropical Woodland.
Activity Methods:
Protected Area Management.
(Concept) ZM0032 Zambia: Application of Participatory Approaches
to the Conservation and Management of Kafue Flats Wetlands
Project Summary:
View Map
The Kafue Flats are amongst the most important wetlands in Africa,
subject to increasing pressures for hydro-electric power production,
irrigation, water supply, agriculture, pastoralism, and wildlife
and fisheries production. This three-year project proposal aims
to extend wildlife management as a sustainable land-use practice
in the Kafue Flats wetlands (which include two National Parks/Ramsar
Sites and a Game Management Area) by applying participatory approaches
to wetlands conservation and management, and developing the capacity
of local communities to manage wetlands resources. Wildlife is
used in the context of all renewable natural resources. The project
is built on the foundations of WWF's previous work in Zambia,
specifically the WWFZambia Wetlands Project and Support
for the Administrative Management Design Programme (ADMADE).
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 10
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 |
| EE & Capacity Building 10 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 10 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 10 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 50 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 10
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
WWF and IUCN initiated an International Wetlands Conservation
Programme between 1985 and 1987, which identified Zambia as a
focus for wetlands conservation and development in southern Africa.
The WWF Zambia Wetlands Project was thus developed, and funded
and implemented by WWF through the National Parks and Wildlife
Service from 1986 under the Ministry of Tourism, with initial
technical assistance from IUCN. Project activities were integrated
into the National Parks and Wildlife Service as routine functions,
and handed over to government in July 1995. The project aimed
to assist the Zambian National Parks and Wildlife Service with
the containment and reversal of natural resources degradation
in the National Parks and Game Management Areas (GMAs) of the
Kafue Flats and Bangweulu Swamps wetlands.
To some extent this has been achieved. From its inception, the
project adopted two strategies. First, it assisted with the development
of wetlands management capacity in the National Parks and Wildlife
Service. Second, it assisted with establishing community participation
in wetlands conservation and management through the facility of
the Administrative Management Design (ADMADE) programme. This
latter approach was based on the premise that community-based
natural resource management is a viable and competitive land-use
management option. The WWF Zambia Wetlands Project was evaluated
at its conclusion in July 1995. Although deemed largely successful
within its operational context, a key recommendation was that
WWF should develop new activities aimed at addressing its major
weakness in developing the capacity of local communities to participate
more effectively in the management and conservation of the wetlands
within which it had been working. Apart from the recommendations
of the evaluation, concern has been expressed directly by the
communities themselves over the negative impact of losing WWF
support at a crucial stage in the development of their roles in
wetlands conservation and management.
Discussions with government reveal that the National Parks and
Wildlife Service itself would benefit from the continued support
of WWF and other non-governmental organizations for capacity building
activities amongst local communities. This is particularly so
because the development of appropriate skills and mechanisms for
participatory planning and management in GMAs would enhance the
function of the ADMADE programme as a facility for community-based
natural resource management. Due to the limitations of centralized
management and regulation of GMAs, government recognizes the importance
of decentralizing natural resources management to local communities
in such areas. Community-based natural resource management provides
an opportunity for a sustainable and equitable system of managing
marginal agricultural lands set aside as GMAs in buffer zones
around National Parks, which are settled by traditional communities.
The viability of such a system presupposes that management capacity
of local communities exists in an environment conducive to stakeholder
participation (including the private sector) within a framework
of enabling policy and legislation. These conditions have largely
been met in Zambia with support from WWF and other donors over
the last 10 years. In October 1995 WWF reaffirmed its commitment
to a focal programme in Zambia, based largely on the significance
of the country's wetland resources and the establishment of participatory
approaches to natural resources management.
Project Objectives:
View Map
Development Objective:
1. To extend wildlife management as a sustainable land-use practice
in the Kafue Flats wetlands.
Immediate Objectives:
2. To apply participatory approaches to the conservation and
management of the Kafue Flats wetlands.
3. To develop the capacity of local communities to manage wetlands
resources.
4. To develop and implement - following baseline research, participatory
learning appraisals, and training - working community-based natural
resource management mechanisms to interface with both local and
centralized government structures. By the end of the project,
the extent, quality and effectiveness of natural resources management
in the Kafue Flats is expected to have improved. The project will
have extended wildlife management as a sustainable land-use practice
in the Kafue Flats wetlands, and will contribute to similar objectives
in other wetlands of Zambia.
Outputs:
5. To produce the following outputs from the project:
a) project management and coordination
b) upgrade the Wetlands Conservation and Management Community
Centre (WCMCC) at Lochinvar
c) establish Lochinvar WCMCC as a participatory learning appraisal
training and outreach facility
d) socioeconomic survey of Kafue Flats Game Management Area
(GMA)
e) participatory resource assessment in Kafue Flats GMA
f) training and development in organizational, financial, and
natural resources management for target communities in Kafue
Flats GMA
g) application of functional mechanisms for organizational, financial,
and natural resources management to appropriate community-based
organizations in Kafue Flats GMA
h) application of entrepreneurial skills in sustainable natural
resources utilization amongst target communities in Kafue Flats
GMA
i) impact assessment of participatory wetlands conservation and
the management on the status of natural resources in Kafue Flats
GMA.
The project outputs should lead to improvements in the extent,
quality and effectiveness of natural resources' management in
the Kafue Flats wetlands. A subsequent phase may be required to
integrate management and investment within the framework of participatory
management plans to be developed by the National Parks and Wildlife
Service for the Kafue Flats GMA and its two National Parks/Ramsar
sites.
ZM0032.1: Applic. of Particip. Approaches to the Cons. &
Mgmnt of Kafue Flats Wetlands (Jul. 96 - Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Marshes/Swamps; River Systems; Tropical Woodland.
Activity Methods:
Community Conservation; Education; Fisheries Management; Species
Management.
Activity Species:
Common waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus); Cookson's wildebeest
(Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni); Eland (Taurotragus oryx); Hippopotamus
(Hippopotamus amphibius); Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis);
Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei); Wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).
(Concept) ZM0033 Zambia: Preparation of a Participatory Management
Plan for the Kafue Flats GMA Wetlands
Project Summary:
Although significant progress has been achieved in developing
community-based conservation and management of wetlands in Zambia's
Game Management Areas (GMAs), long-term integrated conservation
and management may only be achieved by harnessing the concerted
capacities of all stakeholders to function within the framework
of agreed management plans. Since the development of management
plans for National Parks and GMAs is a responsibility of the Zambian
National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS), there is a need for
extending the capacity of the Service to carry out participatory
management planning in wetlands under NPWS jurisdiction, particularly
in GMAs where resource conflicts are most evident. This project
proposal recommends, therefore, that WWF initiates a twoyear
project to extend wildlife sustainable land-use practice in the
Kafue Flats wetlands. The development objective of the project
is to prepare a participatory management plan for the Kafue Flats
GMA wetlands, with the immediate objective of developing the wetlands
planning, management, and outreach functions of NPWS.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 10
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 |
| EE & Capacity Building 10 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 20 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 20 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
|
Sustainable Resource Use 25 |
| Treaties & Legislation 15 |
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
WWF has worked in Zambia for approximately 30 years. A focus on
Zambia's wetlands was initiated in 1986 as part of the WWF/IUCN
Wetlands Conservation Programme (19851987), which resulted
in the development of the WWF Zambia Wetlands Project within the
National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). Zambia's conservation
identity is linked to wetlands and to various approaches to increase
community involvement in natural resources management. Arguably,
wetlands conservation and management are the most important ecological
interventions for the future of Zambia, although it is recognized
that watershed management as a whole is essential to the functioning
of wetlands. The Zambian government recognizes that it lacks the
capacity for centralized management of natural resources. Whilst
devolution of natural resources management responsibility should
not transcend national considerations, it should permit community
organizations to participate in natural resource issues at a national
level. There have been and continue to be a number of projects
aiming to devolve responsibility for the conservation and management
of wetlands to local communities in Zambia. Many of these projects
will in their own right enhance the effectiveness of local communities
in conserving and managing Zambia's wetlands.
View Map
One such project was the WWF Zambia Wetlands Project funded and
implemented by WWF through the National Parks and Wildlife Service
from 1986, under the Ministry of Tourism, with initial technical
assistance from IUCN. Project activities were integrated into
NPWS as routine thematic functions, and handed over to government
in July 1995. The project aimed to assist NPWS with the containment
and reversal of natural resources degradation in Zambia's Lochinvar
and Blue Lagoon National Parks and the Kafue Flats and Bangweulu
GMAs. From its inception, the project adopted two strategies.
First, it assisted with the development of wetlands management
capacity in NPWS. Second, it assisted with establishing community
participation in wetlands conservation and management through
the facility of the NPWS Administrative Management Design (ADMADE)
programme. This latter approach was based on the premise that
community-based natural resource management is a viable and competitive
land-use management option.
In the field of wetlands management and utilization, significant
progress has been made towards the development of a wetlands database
and preliminary wetlands management documents for three key wetland
areas, now designated as wetlands of international importance
under the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar). Equally, the project
pioneered much of the work on the role of wetland communities
in communal natural resource management, and community involvement
in the gradual development of integrated wetland resource management
arrangements. Representative community structures have been established
in the Kafue Flats wetlands in the form of Wetlands Management
Authorities and Community Development Units, within the ADMADE
programme. (These organizations are now being analysed with a
view to compatibility with local government systems, and flexibility
for application to participatory natural resources planning and
management.)
The WWF Zambia Wetlands Project was evaluated at its conclusion
in July 1995, and although deemed largely successful within its
operational context, one of the key recommendations was that WWF
should secure its investment in developing the wetlands management
capacity of NPWS, particularly its participatory planning and
management functions within the AMADE programme. WWF acknowledges
that it should maintain this momentum, on a stepbystep
basis that is compatible with both government and community aspirations.
NPWS still perceives a specific need for a strengthening of its
own wetlands management capability, and considers that the original
wetlands project objective for an enhanced NPWS wetlands management
capability has yet to be adequately achieved. NPWS is also aware
that it requires further assistance to build its capacity to fulfil
its responsibility of ensuring ADMADE functions effectively in
GMAs; participatory planning is a key component of this responsibility.
Assumptions about the capacity of NPWS to participate and contribute
to improvements in natural resource conservation and management
in the face of rapid changes in Zambia's social, political and
economic circumstances have been undermined by its limited financial
and manpower resources. However, these limitations have been mitigated
by the former WWF Zambia Wetlands Project itself and WWF's ongoing
"Support for ADMADE" project (ZM0022). They are also
currently being addressed by the project "Development of
sustainable wildlife management towards the diversification of
the Zambian economy", developed with WWF assistance and funded
by the European Union (EU). It is against this background that
WWF has developed this proposal.
Project Objectives:
Main Objective:
1. To extend the management of wildlife as a sustainable form
of landuse in the Kafue Flats GMA, as one of Zambia's key
wetland environments, through capacity building amongst target
communities and NPWS, and the development of a framework for effective
participatory planning, conservation, and management of the Kafue
Flats GMA.
Development Objective:
2. To prepare a Participatory Management Plan for Kafue Flats
Game Management Area.
Immediate Objective:
3. To develop the wetlands planning, management, and outreach
functions of NPWS.
4. To give attention to integrating this initiative with the
management of Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon National Parks, as prescribed
by their respective management documents. The project will be
implemented through NPWS and existing delegated authorities and
professional departments, but with greater thematic coordination
of national wetlands issues being required, particularly within
the context of river basin or watershed management.
Outputs:
5. To produce the following outputs from the project:
a) project management and coordination
b) update and consolidation of NPWS Wetlands Database
c) consolidation of existing management documents for Lochinvar
and Blue Lagoon National Parks
d) review of relevant policy, legislation, and management planning
strategies for wetland GMAs
e) training in PLA techniques for NPWS outreach staff
f) participatory management planning in the Kafue Flats GMA
g) adoption of Kafue Flats GMA Management Plan by stakeholders
h) project monitoring and evaluation.
ZM0033.1: Preparation of Participatory Mgmnt Plan for the
Kafue Flats GMA Wetlands (Jul. 96 - Jun. 98)
Activity Background:
Activities are proposed which will provide the framework, information,
policy, and skills with which NPWS may develop participatory management
plans for the wetlands GMAs, focusing on the Kafue Flats GMA as
a model. Funds will be allocated against specific, agreed workplans
and budgets for project activities, to be implemented and coordinated
by the NPWS Wetlands Unit, in collaboration with the NPWS Protected
Area Planning Unit. It is envisaged that effective implementation
of these initiatives will require consideration of national, river
basin or watershed, conservation and management issues. Attention
will be given to integrating this initiative with the management
of Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon National Parks, as prescribed by
their respective management documents. The project will be implemented
through NPWS and existing delegated authorities and professional
departments, but with greater thematic coordination of national
wetlands issues being required, particularly within the context
of river basin or watershed management.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Marshes/Swamps; River Systems; Tropical Woodland.
Activity Methods:
Community Conservation; Fisheries Management; Natural Resource
Economics; Species Management.
Activity Species:
African elephant (Loxodonta africana); Cookson's wildebeest (Connochaetes
taurinus cooksoni); Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis); Sitatunga
(Tragelaphus spekei); Wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).
(Concept) ZM0035 Zambia: Small Grants Programme Zambia
Project Summary:
The WWF Zambia Programme Office proposes to establish a small
grants facility within the Zambia Country Programme, from which
small conservation initiatives with the potential of contributing
to WWF's goals would be funded. The fund will provide grants to
deserving applicants for short-term training, institutional capacity
building (particularly local NGOs), research, technical support,
and public awareness of priority conservation issues. Operation
of the fund will be a way of maintaining active involvement in
policy and advocacy work in Zambia, as well as having a direct
impact on local environmental initiatives. Funding of successful
applicants will be granted on the basis of applications submitted
to the WWF Zambia Programme Office. Applications will be evaluated
against selection criteria set by the Programme Office in conformity
with WWF International guidelines. The project will also coordinate
Zambian applications to other Small Grants and Education and Capacity
Building funding facilities in the WWF Network.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 10
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 0 | |
EE & Capacity Building 20 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 10 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 20 |
Non-Biome Specific 100 | |
|
Sustainable Resource Use 20 |
| Treaties & Legislation 20 |
| | Non-Priority Strategies 0
|
Project Background:
Small grants can be a valuable method of realizing WWF's conservation
goals in the field. The administration of a small grants fund
from the WWF Zambia Country Office will give the Zambia Programme
the opportunity to play a more active role in policy and advocacy
work in conjunction with local partners, particularly local NGOs.
In addition, it will give WWF the opportunity of maintaining thematic
integration of the programme, whilst creating a direct impact
on local environmental initiatives and in the process making WWF
more responsive to local needs. Since there are a number of other
small grants and education and capacity building funding facilities
available in the WWF Network, this project will also play a valuable
role in coordinating Zambian applications to such facilities.
The WWF Zambia Country Office has in place the management capability
to administer the fund, and will also be able to draw on the expertise
of local Project Managers (members of the local Advisory Team)
in the approval process. Following the preliminary and final selection
of small grant applications, final approval of disbursement of
grants will be the responsibility of the WWF Country Representative.
The contact person for submission of applications for the fund
will be the Programme Officer. Proposals will be assessed with
respect to: relevance to WWF priority biomes and strategies at
subregional and Zambia Programme levels; promotion of gender balance
or enhancement of the role of women in environmental issues in
general; applicant qualifications and/or experience in conservation
work; the size and clarity of the budget in relation to proposed
project activities; submission of adequate project documentation
describing objectives, justification, activities, expected outputs,
and measures of success. Originality and creativity will be an
advantage to applicants. Grants will not be awarded where such
support might create unreasonable recurrent needs. Grants may
be awarded in instalments, and accountability requirements will
be strictly adhered to.
Project Objectives:
Main Objective:
1. To improve environmental and natural resources management,
research, policies, legislation, and funding in Zambia.
Specific Objectives:
2. To provide funding to small-scale conservation initiatives,
specifically:
3. To provide short term training for deserving institutions
and individuals in natural resource management.
4. To provide institutional capacity building in local institutions,
including nongovernmental organizations and communitybased
organizations.
5. To provide technical support for research work and natural
resource monitoring.
6. To develop education/awareness materials in natural resource
conservation.
7. To encourage the gender balance in natural resource management.
8. To enhance the local profile of WWF as a conservation organization,
specifically:
9. To prepare the necessary paperwork for approval of awards
from the fund.
10. To form a selection committee to consider applications.
11. To prepare the selection criteria, which will also specify
the deadline and standard format for submission of applications.
12. To arrange meetings with applicants to discuss proposals.
13. To screen/select applications for awards.
14. To prepare contracts specifying terms of reference, reporting,
and other WWF requirements.
15. To disburse and track funds.
ZM0035.1: Small Grants Programme Zambia (Jul. 96
- Jun. 99)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Methods:
Institutional Support and Development; Research and Monitoring;
Training.
(Concept) ZM0036 Zambia: Development of a Zambia Wetlands Programme
Project Summary:
This project aims to develop a Zambia Wetlands Programme by mobilizing,
coordinating, and expanding the interest, expertise and information
systems developed under past and current wetlands initiatives,
such as the WWF Zambia Wetlands Project, within a functional national
wetlands forum. A Wetlands Task Force was originally established
by the ECZ to develop a National Wetlands Policy. The group was
unable to fully meet this objective because of manpower and funding
constraints. Despite this shortage of capacity, the Task Force
did produce a report entitled "The Status of Wetlands in
Zambia" which provided the basis of a stakeholders' workshop
organized to develop recommendations for a National Wetlands Policy.
The project aims to revitalize the Wetlands Task Force and expand
its membership amongst stakeholders involved in Zambian wetlands
conservation and management. The project will be implemented by
the ECZ's Natural Resources Directorate with technical assistance
provided by a WWF wetlands expert as required.
Priority Biomes %
| | Strategies %
|
Forests 0 | | Consumption & Pollution 15
|
Freshwater Ecosystems 100 |
| EE & Capacity Building 15 |
Oceans and Coasts 0 | |
Protected Areas 15 |
Non-Priority Biomes 0 | |
Species 15 |
Non-Biome Specific 0 | |
Sustainable Resource Use 15 |
| | Treaties & Legislation 15
|
| | Non-Priority Strategies 10
|
Project Background:
The aim of the project is to develop a portfolio of prioritized
wetlands projects and activities for development and implementation
within a WWF Zambia Wetlands Programme. In achieving this aim,
the project will establish a prioritized inventory of Zambia's
wetlands, including a database of their attributes, and recommendations
for the development of national wetlands policy and legislation.
At the same time the project will help coordinate and develop
the capacity of government institutions and stakeholders to respond
to the demands of wetlands conservation and management. The project
will be carried out by the Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ)
in partnership with its intersectoral Wetlands Task Force and
with WWF technical assistance as required.
Zambia's wetland systems will be prioritized and wetland project
interventions reviewed. The activities of this project will be
integrated with associated initiatives of the ECZ as appropriate,
such as development of wetlands policy and legislation, accession
to and compliance with wetlandsrelated treaties and conventions,
coordination with Zambia's National Environmental Action Plan,
environmental education and awareness, wetlands planning and management,
and training, etc. It is expected that the ECZ will collaborate
with other governmental, NGO and private institutions in coordinating
and developing a database on Zambia's wetlands, including the
National Parks and Wildlife Service, WWF and IUCN, and ASCO (Zambia)
Ltd (a local natural resources management consulting firm with
extensive mapping and Geographical Information Systems [GIS] capability).
Training activities will include shortterm introductory
and practical courses in the management and application of GIS,
possibly through the Environmental and Remote Sensing Institute
in Harare, Zimbabwe. Target institutions for training will be
those with established GIS stations in Zambia, such as the ECZ,
NPWS, and the Natural Resources Department.
Project Objectives:
1. To develop a portfolio of prioritized wetland projects and
activities for development and implementation within a Zambia
Wetlands Programme.
2. To develop the capacity of government institutions and stakeholders
to respond to the demands of wetlands conservation and management.
3. To consider, upon project completion, ways of establishing
the Wetlands Task Force as a permanent intersectoral committee.
ZM0036.1: Development of a Zambia Wetlands Programme (Jul.
96 - Jun. 97)
Activity Background:
See Project Background.
Activity Objectives:
See Project Objectives.
Activity Biomes:
Lake Systems; Marshes/Swamps; River Systems.
Activity Methods:
Programme / Project Development.
Activity Species:
Black lechwe (Kobus leche smithemani); Common waterbuck (Kobus
ellipsiprymnus); Cookson's wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni);
Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis); Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei);
Wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).
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