Our goal behind the creation of this new "alt" newsgroup was to provide an intimate forum for Macintosh users, specifically those requiring an introduction to Usenet services and the Internet world in general. We feel that Macintosh users need a distinctive place to convene, with the opportunity to ask questions of fellow Macintosh users and receive individualized help in acclimatizing to the world of on-line communications. This newsgroup will, hopefully, not only serve to assist newcomers to the Internet, but also exist as a pointer to other sources of help for a wide range of Macintosh user proficiencies. If you do not find alt.sys.mac.newuser-help on your Usenet list, please ask your Systems Administrator to add it; only through cooperation can our project succeed.
It should be stressed that alt.sys.mac.newuser-help is not the only place on the Internet for "newbies" operating a Macintosh to obtain help; there are a number of newsgroups that cater specifically to "newbies," and a plethora devoted to the Macintosh computing environment. Nevertheless, we are convinced (perhaps erroneously) that our group has a special value stemming from its friendly atmosphere. We have attracted a significant number of dedicated individuals who have proved very capable at providing assistance. To date, there have been thousands of posts to our newsgroup and every question has been answered. If you are experiencing difficulties, you will not be ignored in our little family. If, by some terrible chance, we are unable to help, there are alternatives. Recently, the comp.sys.mac.* hierarchy has undergone a major organizational overhaul and, hopefully, help in that area of USENET will be easier to obtain. As well, these are some of the existent Macintosh-oriented newsgroups:
Introductory information about the Internet is also available from Don Z'Boray's and Patrick Crispen's _NewbieNewz_ mailing list. For basic information write to:
nn-info@io.com (subject and message are ignored - can be left blank; case unimportant)
To subscribe to NewbieNewz, write to:
newbienewz-request@io.com (no subject, message = "subscribe newbienewz")
If you have any sort of signature in your e-mail, you must give the command word "end", by itself, on the second line, after "subscribe NewbieNewz" to insure that the majordomo mailing program processes your request properly. This mailing list has proven to be an international success and may prove to be a valuable addition to your Internet education.
We created the alt.sys.mac.newuser-help group because we witnessed a growing need to offer a forum for individualized help to Macintosh Internet users and to provide them with appropriate assistance in beginning their Internet experiences. The absence of a unique arena devoted to the Macintosh "newbie," especially in the alt.* hierarchy, where most new users head first, has created an unfortunate and chaotic situation: binary groups have merged with discussion forums and convenient, knowledgeable help is often difficult to track down. Hopefully, the creation of a dedicated Macintosh newsgroup for new users of the Internet will help bring about a bit of order and assist in spreading instructive commentary to a greater number of individuals.
The following summary of introductory Internet knowledge is not intended as a complete or infallible guide. If errors or omissions are noted, please do not hesitate to contact the SECTION ONE
The reason we created alt.sys.mac.newuser-help was, simply put, to assist and encourage Macintosh users to become productive, educated members of the Internet community. Our newsgroup is unmoderated, meaning that anyone and everyone is free to post at any time, to help or to ask for help. We would encourage competent Macintosh users to offer any help they can provide: three of us can't cover the planet! Unfortunately for some, we are quite conservative in our use of the Internet: spamming (cross-posting to irrelevant newsgroups) is not a hobby of ours, and we frown upon discussions posted in binary newsgroups. These are considered "poor nettiquette" and are known, along with immature provocation and irrelevant material, as "trolls," or invitations to be "flamed" by experienced users of the Internet who are too impatient to deal with one hundred "me too!" posts per newsgroup. Reserve your posts for pertinent issues and gracious contributions. People will thank you and your mailbox will not be inundated with hate-mail.
If you have a question about something you do not understand, scan the newsgroups for an appropriate venue for your question. Any questions you may have about your Macintosh computer and its abilities to deal with things you encounter on the Internet are appropriate for our newsgroup. Questions about where to find the latest recipes for fried squid tentacles are not, even if you use a Macintosh to archive your recipes. Due to some recent "troubles" we would like to clarify this point. The newsgroup is not meant as a personal soapbox; unsolicited advice on non-Macintosh issues is not invited.
Binary posts to the newsgroup are acceptable. Often, tracking down rare gems is difficult, especially if the software does not exist at one of the larger archives. However, there are a few limitations, primarily set to insure that the bandwidth of our group does not exceed an acceptable amount and Systems Administators do not get an itchy rmgroup (remove group) finger. We ask that you please adhere to the following criteria:
If you have a good reason for requesting or posting a large application (such as no a.b.p.u. on your newsfeed), please explain this along with your description to avoid hassles. I'm sure if we all adhere to these simple guidlines, everone will benefit. Remember, this is primarily an informative newsgroup, and the rules set out in this FAQ should be adhered to. (Grim warning: most Systems Administrators will not hesitate to pull the accounts of users who fail to adhere to FAQ rules; this is a serious breach of nettiquette) Most FAQs for Usenet groups can be found at the ftp site SECTION TWO
Obviously, if you know enough about your Macintosh to access Usenet and download this FAQ, you are at least vaguely familiar with the operations of your computer: how to turn it on and off, how to launch an application, how to dial a number with your communications software. However, using a Macintosh effectively goes much further than that-- despite what the proponents of DOS may claim. Questions that appear on the Internet about Macintoshes are varied: everything from "how do I make a startup screen?" to "my system has crashed and all I get is the unhappy Mac; what do I do?" Although we could answer these questions in this FAQ, the sheer number of possible questions would require us to write a book. Besides, that book has already been written, many times over. It has many names: _Macintosh User's Guide_, _Macs For Dummies_ and even _Macintosh System 7.5 Upgrade Guide_. In other words, there are many reference materials available to you, literally within reach. If you find that some of your icons have turned from nice custom designs back to a dull blue, please rebuild your desktop and/or zap your PRAM before you get terribly upset. Questions such as these ARE answered in the manuals, and we'd like to help with more pressing problems if possible. However, if you have difficulties with just such a problem as the one above and you haven't the foggiest clue how to "rebuild your desktop," feel VERY free to come to us if you are truly stuck. We don't want you grabbing a saw, hammer and nails and trying to create a new desk for your computer instead of pressing and holding opt-command at startup. We will not turn away any problem, no matter how insignificant it may seem to some experienced users; however, for our time, all we ask is that you make a concerted effort to educate yourself.
There are a few subjects worth mentioning which you may not find in your
Macintosh manual. First, there is always the possibility, however remote
(and it is a *VERY* rare event), of your Mac getting infected with a
virus on the Internet. Always make sure that you have the latest version
of Disinfectant, from John Norstad of Northwestern University, for
scanning downloaded applications. You may install it as an INIT
(extension) to scan anything that comes near your computer. However,
most other anti-virus software can cause problems if installed in this
manner. Apple reccommends that you simply keep a copy of your virus
protection program on your desktop or in your Apple Menu for quick
access. If you suspect you have a virus, and disinfecting does not solve
the problem, shut your computer off immediately and call your authorized
Apple dealer for assistance. SLIP/PPP users would do well to remember
that their Macs are *directly* attached to the Internet and that their
machines are "open" to anyone else on the Internet that has the know-how
to access them. However, do not panic if all you have downloaded are
text files or graphics files. It is nearly impossible to pass off a
virus in one of these formats, and chances are someone will discover it
and warn everyone on the Usenet. Remember, the Internet is not a
commercial service and even though many software sites try their best to
scan for viruses to protect users, some might get through to your
machine. The Usenet binary groups are another place where one might pick
up viral infections after downloading. Always use protection The other slight warning is about CDEVs and INITs, otherwise known as
control panels and extensions. The system software that Apple sold you
with your computer was designed to function interactively, as a unit.
Many people, such as Blue Savannah!, scoop up as many cool tidbits from
the Internet as they possibly can, thrilled with making their Mac utter
great belching sounds or animate little creatures crawling across the
desktop. Be careful when you do this. Some of us know, from experience,
that not all extensions and control panels are compatible with one
another, and that certain ones may conflict with the function of major
applications, and even damage your Systems software. True, you can
always reinstall your System, and fix glitches in your HD with
Disk First Aid, but it's better to be safe. Install your CDEVs and INITs
one or a few at a time, and monitor the behaviour of your computer for a
few days before adding others, just to insure compatibility. Or, if you
are lucky enough to have Conflict Catcher or a similar utility, use it.
There is also a very useful little patch for your extension manager
control panel that can be found on the Internet. It allows you to
expand the options of the standard Apple CDEV. If you would like this
patch, it can be found at:
ftp://mirror.apple.com/mirrors/info-mac/cfg/extension-mgr-30p-patch-20.hqx
If you find you are getting an inordinate number of system errors and
odd behaviour from your computer or applications, there are a number of
preliminary steps you can take before calling the MacHelpers:
A better way of rebuilding the desktop and zapping the PRAM is to use a
utility called TechTool. It erases your desktop files instead of just
overwriting them, and zaps the extra PRAM that the conventional way
misses. This is a definite "must have" tool.
Registered users may contact Apple, directly, for problems relating to
system software or hardware configuration: 1-800-263-3394.
Anyway, enough of the grim warnings. On with the fun!
Although it might seem pointless to detail the steps necessary to
connect to the Internet in a document available only on the Internet,
many users are familiar with one type of server and find themselves
faced with the daunting task of learning another. Please save this
document so that if you find yourself in this position, you will be able
to return to on-line activity and our newsgroup as quickly as possible.
Also feel free to distribute our FAQ to others having difficulty
configuring their Macintosh for using the Internet.
We must stress that we are not a Unix newsgroup; there are a number of
them on the Usenet with users much more qualified than we are to dole
out advice on configuring .login files and info for creating .plan
and .project files. That having been said, connecting your Macintosh to
a Unix-based server is very simple. All you require is a communications
application (see Section Four), a modem and an established account on
the server you are trying to access. After connecting your modem and
cable to your Macintosh's serial port (see instructions accompanying
your modem), reset your modem and execute your communications
application. You must then configure the application to enable
communication with the server. To do this, you must know the baud rate
of your modem, and whether or not the line you are connecting to on the
other end for the dial-up has a standard 8 (bits) N (no parity) 1 (stop
bit) configuration. More than likely, you must set the terminal emulator
to vt100. With these parameters set, you are able to use your account.
Dial the number and wait for your username and password prompts. Enter
them appropriately.
Unfortunately, this type of Internet connection provides a text-only
interface. To access the on-line graphical interface, you must have a
SLIP/PPP account (see the next section) or use a wonderful pseudo-SLIP
emulator for Unix systems called (T)he (I)nternet (A)dapter.
Unfortunately, some institutions ban TIA from their servers, so check
before you install it. TIA is available from marketplace.com-- check
for your exact Unix OS before you download! Once you have the correct
application in your home directory, you must make sure it is accessible.
Rename the file to TIA by typing "mv
Next, read over the TIA documentation at Marketplace, and send an e-mail
to the appropriate single user license address. Once it arrives via
e-mail, "e"xport it to your home directory. Rename this file "mv
Take a deep breath and read on. To configure MacTCP you need two bits of
information: your server's "gateway address" and your server's
"nameserver" addresses, both in numerical form. Once you open the MacTCP
control panel, you must choose the "local talk" icon, and click on
"more." Choose "manually" in the upper left corner, enter your gateway
address in the lower left, and insert the nameserver addresses in the
lower right. The "domain name" is the last two parts of your e-mail
address. If yours was me@sask.usask.ca, your domain is "usask.ca"--
enter your actual one. Set the "subnet mask" to 255.255.255.0 and the
"class" to C. Click on OK and change the "IP address" from 192.0.0.0 to
192.0.2.1 - this is an unused IP address and can be used as a dummy.
MacTCP is now configured properly.
InterSLIP is freeware, and is available at many ftp sites, including its
home site, ftp.intercon.com in the InterCon/sales/InterSLIP directory.
To install it, double click on the installer icon. After your computer
has restarted, go to the Apple Menu and choose "InterSLIP Setup." Choose
"new" from the file menu and type in the name of the server you contact
(eg. U of S Dialup Facility). Double click on the highlighted server
name. Set the first few options the same as you did on MacTCP (baud
rate, 8N1). Leave the gateway and dial script areas ALONE. Set the MTU
to 1500 and enter the same IP and nameserver addresses as you did for
MacTCP. Unfortunately, TIA requires hardware handshaking, so insure you
have a compatible modem and cable, and that your server supports HH.
Enable this option. You are now finished configuring your Macintosh for
TIA operation. To connect, logon to your Unix account, and run TIA by
typing "tia" in your home directory. You should receive a prompt asking
you to start your SLIP connection. Quit your communications program
(making sure you have set it so that hardware hangup (DTR) is disabled)
and go to InterSLIP in the Apple Menu. Click on the connect button and
close InterSLIP. You are now ready to run any of the SLIP/PPP software
discussed in the next few sections.
As well as TIA, there is another pseudo-SLIP emulator available for
Macintosh users. MacSLIrP is an application which runs on your
Macintosh instead of the Unix server and, supposedly, is much easier to
configure and just as reliable. However, we have no experience with
this utility. If you do, please write to us and let us know about your
experiences. MacSLIrP can be found at the following locations:
http://blitzen.canberra.edu.au/~danjo
Before we begin, you'll need a Modem; preferably a 9600 (minimum) bps
modem or higher. Actually, a 14.4K (14,400 bps) or 28.8K modem are
*highly* recommended. MacTCP and the associated SLIP or PPP software
take up a lot of overhead and you'll need all the speed you can get.
You'll also need a special modem cable called a "hardware handshaking"
cable. Most newer 14.4K and 28.8K modems are packaged with this type of
cable. If you're unsure, call the manufacturer or retailer and ask:
you'll need the proper type. Of course, you'll need to hook up your
modem as well. Please read the manual that came with your modem for any
installation procedure. Basically, all you will have to do is plug in
your phone line into the back of the modem. Plug in the cable that
attaches your modem to your Macintosh and plug in the modem (power cord)
into a suitable outlet.
In order to effectively run much of the graphical software associated
with SLIP connections, you really should have a color monitor (13inch
RGB, 14inch Apple Color or larger) and a Mac with at least an 68020
processor. An LCII or faster is recommended. An 68040 or PowerMac is
ideal but not necessarily needed. Mac IIci and other 68030 machines are
still quite adequate for SLIP connections and running the associated
graphical software. Please do not attempt to run a 14.4K SLIP connection
on a Mac Plus. It just won't work. Instead, use a Unix dial-up with term
software if the processor is a 68000.
You will also need, at a bare minimum, 4 Mb of free RAM available to
make SLIP worthwhile. By "free RAM" we mean the RAM available *after*
your System loads up at startup. Go to the "About this Macintosh" under
the Apple Menu after startup to see the amount of available free RAM
(largest unused block). Actually 6 Mb or more of free available RAM is
*highly* recommended for SLIP/PPP connections. Ten Mb of free RAM
is just about right for most SLIP needs. General Macintosh rule: you can
NEVER have enough RAM. Don't even *think* of running a SLIP connection
on a 2 meg Mac. System 7.1 or 7.5 is also HIGHLY recommended. If you're
still running System 6 (and don't foresee yourself changing) then a Unix
dial-up account is always available... *sigh*
A final hardware recommendation is that you have at least 10 Mb free on
your hard-drive to be able to place various SLIP-associated software
onto the drive without problems or having to toss out things at the last
second to fit yet another cool graphical piece of Internet software. 20
- 25 Mb free of hard-drive space is even better. You really won't need
more than 30 Mb free unless you become a "download" addict and go into
frenzied bouts of download dizziness. Many first time users do go a
little crazy when they see the wealth of software and files available to
them through their new Internet connection and literally run out of room
on their hard-drive trying to bring it all back to their Mac. If this is
you, please see our upcoming Multimedia Tour for recommendations.
The following is a description of setting up SLIP connection software
using MacTCP and InterSLIP software. This combination is recommended for
basic users (MacPPP can be used to configure PPP connections - the
installation procedures are conceptually similar to the SLIP-installing
procedure that is coming up).
Before going further, make sure you are supplied with the following info
from your service provider.
(You can write the script yourself, but try to convince your provider
to send you a pre-configured text script. Pinochle wrote his with a
little coaching from his provider, but this is not the recommended way
to go. In a sense, the dial-in script is dialing up your access phone
number and sending your password, address info, etc "behind the scenes"
to your service provider's host machine. The script acts as a translator
and query engine between the host machine and yours for dial-in access).
Before configuring anything else - TURN OFF YOUR MODEM!
Even if your server happens to support SLIP/PPP without installing a
program such as TIA, you will also have to install the same two key
pieces of software. Instructions on how to obtain and install both
MacTCP and InterSLIP are detailed in the preceding section (just in case
you skipped it). However, the configuration process for a SLIP/PPP
connection is slightly more involved, and should be, if requested,
available from your service provider.
First, click once on the InterSLIP icon located in the main window of
your MacTCP control panel. It should now be the selected item, and
appear grey. Do not select Local Talk. Second, click on the "More"
button located at the bottom of the MacTCP control panel window. A new
window/dialog box will open and reveal the "heart" of Mac TCP for
configuration. Third, enter the info your service provider gave to you
(or should have at any rate; if not, give them a call and demand the
information: you're the one paying, after all). You will need to enter
(you'll know when you are over a text entry box because the arrow cursor
will change to a text "I-beam" cursor-- click once) the following
information:
On the left side of the window,
On the right side of the window,
In the "Domain and IP Address" configuration area,
When everything is filled in correctly, click on "OK" and you will
return to the MacTCP opening window. Before clicking on the close box,
you *MUST* enter *YOUR* IP address (which is different from the one you
entered in the "More" window. This IP address in the main window is your
*personal* IP address: if you fail to fill this in, your machine cannot
be located on the Internet. Remember, a SLIP/PPP account puts your
computer on the Internet just like a connected node. Before going any
further, make a back-up copy of your newly configured MacTCP control
panel. OK-- deep breath-- you're not there yet, but we'll be done soon.
We still have to configure InterSLIP!
First, install the InterSLIP software, if you haven't already, in the
same manner you did for the TIA connection. InterSLIP is an installer,
so you need not worry about where the pieces end up-- they will end up
in the right places! For your information, the software comes in three
parts. A control panel named "InterSLIP Control," an extension named
"InterSLIP" and the InterSLIP configurer and dialer named "InterSLIP
Setup," which will be found in your Apple Menu after installation. The
installer also creates an InterSLIP Folder, which is located in your
Preferences folder. Inside the InterSLIP Folder are two other folders
called "Gateway" and "Dialing Scripts." This is where you will place
your scripts.
It's time to find the application called "InterSLIP Setup," in your
Apple Menu items. Drag the Apple Menu down and find the InterSLIP Setup
icon and highlight it and release the mouse button to launch it; either
a small, thin window or an extended window will open. In either case,
**DO NOT PRESS THE CONNECT OR DISCONNECT BUTTONS YET** We still need to
further configure the InterSLIP software.
If, after launching the InterSLIP setup, a small, thin window appears,
you will notice just above the word/button "Connect" a little arrow.
Click once on this little triangular arrow and the window will open and
"drop down" to its full size. You can play with this awhile
On the left side of the window:
Serial Port: modem port
Baud Rate : 19200 (or the highest speed your modem can support)
Data Bits : 8
Stop Bits : 1
Parity : none
Place a check in the "Hardware Handshaking" box (for 14.4K connections
and faster). You can either check or not check the "Speaker on while
dialing" option: it's up to you (we keep our connections quiet, but you
might like to hear the modem dial and give that electro-gnashing sound).
Dial Script : Hayes Compatible Modem
Dial : Tone (unless, of course, your phone is pulse)
Phone number: Type in the dial up access phone number
Modem Init : at&d2 (this dial init string should suffice)
*NOTE* If you have call waiting, etc., you will have to add suitable
init strings to defeat them while online (usually *70).
On the right side of the window:
Gateway : select your script name (the one in your preferences folder)
Username: enter your username (the part of your address BEFORE the @
sign)
*DO NOT CHECK THE BOX* "Prompt for password at connect time"; this is
automated.
Password : enter your password exactly as discussed with your service
provider.
IP Address: enter your *personal* IP address
Nameserver: enter the IP address of your provider's nameserver
Check the box "RFC 1144 TCP Header Compression"
MTU Size : Type in 1006 (this is a good general setting)
Next, click on "OK" and "shrink" the window; everything will be hidden
except for the Connect and Disconnect buttons. Quit using the File
Menu or the window close box. As you did with MacTCP, insure that
you make a backup of each of the files and folders associated with
InterSLIP; this will save you from hassles in the future.
Restart your computer and, while you're at it, rebuild your desktop file
by holding down both the COMMAND and OPTION keys. After you hear the
restart chime, keep holding the two buttons down until you see a dialog
box stating "Are you sure you want to rebuild the desktop file?" Click
on "OK" and your desktop will be rebuilt. No matter what anyone says,
SLIP connections are really part voodoo, and this rebuild process is our
"digital, lucky incantation" before the initial big connection event.
Besides, rebuilding your desktop file is a good idea anyway-- rebuild
your desktop file at least a few times during the course of a year.
To connect to your server via an InterSLIP connection:
Turn on your modem (and your computer as well
If everything goes well you will see a running progress dialog in the
top right of the little window:
...
Once connected, quit the InterSLIP Setup application. It has done its
job by dialing you in and connecting you. Now it's time to use some SLIP
software, like Eudora, Blue Skies, Netscape, Turbogopher and many
others. You can now use your Mac as you normally would. The SLIP
connection is practically invisible, but wait until you see what you can
do with it!
The following MacPPP configuration guide was graciously donated by a fellow Macintosh user. I think I remember his name, and would definitely remember it if I saw it, but I don't want to risk giving credit where it is not due. Please, if you are the one who sent me this section, please identify yourslef so I can give you the credit which is rightfully yours.
That said, if you are trying to configure MacPPP to enable your internet access, place the PPP extension in the Extensions folder, the ConfigPPP control panel in the Control Panels folder (alternately you can drag both onto the System Folder and have the System auto-place them in the correct locations) and restart your computer. Please note that these instructions were written for MacPPP 2.1 and do not include the added features of the newly released MacPPP 2.2.
To disconnect, reopen the Config PPP control panel and hit the 'Soft Close'
or 'Hard Close' button. the icon at the upper-left of the dialog box will
tell you if you're connected at any given time. Closing your connection
(rather than just turning off your modem) will ensure that both your Mac
and your ISP know that you're no longer connected (and no longer being
charged).
Before you close (or after you reopen), you'll probably want to set up your
mail and news readers with their configuration info - see their
documentation for that.
If you use different service providers, or if you have more than one number
to call, or if you just want to try different settings, go back to the
Config PPP control panel, hit 'New...' and enter the different settings.
You then select which group of settings to use from the 'PPP Server:' list.
Due to the fact that all software used on a Unix system must be
installed on the server, no Macintosh MacTCP-dependent applications can
be run with a Unix-only account.
Once again, this is only a small sampling of available Internet software
for SLIP/PPP connected Mac users. They are the *best* in their class and
were chosen for their ease of use and powerful functions. There are many
more pieces of software that will be discussed in future
editions/versions of this FAQ. However, with the above tools and
applications you will be able to do 90% of things that basic users need
to do.
Ancillary applications and "helpers" (various needed utilities) can
either work alone or in unison with several of the aforementioned
Internet applications. Netscape and VA-NewsWatcher need these "helpers"
to run at peak effectiveness. These helpers, when used in conjunction
with other programs that support them, make downloading and uploading a
background task that has the end user swearing that "magic" is occurring
There are many more applications and utilities you will need as your
experiences become more varied and your travels become more extensive.
Files that are encoded or compressed with suffixes like .arc, .shar,
LHarc, .tar, and others will crop up. We will do our best to help new
users locate such tools if they become necessary. In time, we will add
them to the FAQ and make multiple inquiries unnecessary.
Poor souls who are stuck in a text-based version of cyberspace, like
Blue Savannah!, are the only ones who need pay attention to
the next little section; little, because it will be just so. To beat a
dead horse, we're not here to provide Unix help (although that is
starting to appear doubtful), but will do what we can. However, this
section also provides SLIP/PPP users with a little information about
what is going on when they use their applications. Each SLIP/PPP
application is a version (port) of a Unix counterpart and works along
the same lines.
The two most popular Unix e-mail systems are Elm and Pine, quite similar
in their usage, and not worth explaining in too much detail. It will
suffice to say that to compose a message:
That covers the basics of e-mail. The commands may be slightly altered
depending upon the system you use, but you can always use the help
command. For Pine, just press "?", or, at your main prompt, you can
type "man pine" (or whatever e-mail program you happen to have
available). "Man" is short for "manual."
Signatures can be added in pico, vi or emacs, simply by creating a file
named ".signature" and storing it in your home directory.
Ftp access in Unix is very simple. Once the address for the intended
site is known, type, at your main prompt, "ftp whatever.the.name.is"--
obviously, that won't be the name. You must be careful about your
typing, though. Many sites include "ftp" in their name, and require it
to work. For example, "ftp ftp.hawaii.edu" is a valid command, but "ftp
hawaii.edu" is not. However, "ftp sumex-aim.stanford.edu" is valid,
while "ftp ftp.sumex-aim.stanford.edu" is not. If you find that you
receive a prompt that looks like "ftp>" instead of going anywhere, type
"open whatever.the.name.is"-- this should work. You will be greeted by a
request for some information; enter it as follows:
Username [emr990]: anonymous (you would type in the "anonymous" part)
Password: emr990@your.address.here (type in your e-mail address)
For security, you will not see your address being typed. Continue
anyways. You're in, if the server isn't overloaded. Alternately, you can
use ncftp (if it is supported at your site) to bypass the username and
password requirements; they would be entered automatically for you. The
following are the only commands you will use from now on:
Mr. FTP Explains How To Get A File:
"So, to get a copy of UUCD 2.4, I would go to my home directory, type
in 'ftp ftp.hawaii.edu' and hit return. I would wait, and then enter
'anonymous' and my e-mail address. I would then type in 'cd
mirrors/info-mac/cmp' (I happen to know that the link 'mirrors' is in
the first folder which you could see by typing 'dir' and that the next
one is info-mac, and that inside that is cmp - the '/'s are a shortcut)
and then 'dir' to list the files in the 'cmp' directory. I would locate
a file named 'uucd-24.hqx' and type in 'get uucd-24.hqx'-- it
would now be in my home directory once I type in 'quit.' That's it for
ftp."
The only Unix newsreader we are familiar with is Tin. Luckily, it is
very popular and will be similar to most of those encountered by Unix
users. To access Tin from your home directory, you simply type "Tin" (or
whatever browser you are using). The default settings for Usenet are
usually "subscribed to all groups" or "subscribed to no groups." You
certainly do not want to have to deal with 5000 newsgroups every day, so
decide upon the ones you certainly will not read, and "U"nsubscribe from
them. This may take a while, depending upon the number of newsgroups
your server has chosen to access. If you are not subscribed to any, you
can "y"ank in all the newsgroups and "s"ubscribe to ones you think you
might like ("yank" also lets you see groups you may have unsubscribed to
previously).
Navigating in Tin is based loosely on a concept called hypertext (words
which act as "buttons" for connecting to other menus), which you will
also encounter on the WWW. One newsgroup will be highlighted when you
start. It is up to you whether or not you read the articles in that
particular newsgroup, or scroll to a more interesting one, using the up
and down arrows. When you have decided upon a newsgroup, such as
alt.sys.mac.newuser-help, press the right arrow key, and you will be
given a list of article subjects and their respective posters. Any time
you want to backtrack to the previous level (from article -> list of
article -> list of newsgroups -> home directory) use the left arrow. To
choose to read an article, scroll to your chosen one, and press the
right arrow. Read it from top to bottom, using the up and down arrows to
uncover more text. To read the next unread article, you can press the
right arrow, or press the left arrow to return to the list of articles.
It is that simple. The only other organization on the Usenet is the use
of "threads." Each article posted will have a number beside it (ones
without are single posts). This number indicates how many replies to
that article there have been, each accessible from the primary article
by pressing the down arrow when you receive the prompt "next response."
To post, choose "w" and type in your message. Control-x will activate a
sequence of questions which will let you post your message. To respond
to another person's post, type "f"ollow-up and continue as above. To
cross-post to multiple newsgroups (to which your post is relevant),
simply type the additional groups after the primary group, seperating
each with a comma.
Now that you know how to navigate the Usenet, the next question is
clear: "How do I download the files I see?" The absolute flood of posts
on the Usenet is easily avoidable. Type "man tin" at your main prompt to
access a Tin manual for in-depth instructions. However, downloading
instructions are quite simple, and easy to explain. If you want a single
file (one post), highlight that post at the article level, and type
"s"ave. You will be asked for the type of save ("a"rticle), a name for
saving it under in your home directory, and a type of decompression, if
necessary. For text, choose "n"one. For a picture file or sound file,
choose "u"udecode. For a multi-part picture file, you will need to "t"ag
each article (IN ORDER!) in the series before typing "s"ave. You would
choose to save the "t"agged articles, and you would "u"udecode them.
That simple bit of information is what all the clamorous posts about
decoding instructions are seeking to reveal (unless of course you can't
use an automatic uudecoder like Tin). Once you leave Tin, all your saved
files will be waiting for you on your account, either in your home
directory or in a specifically assigned subdirectory like "News" or
"Files," which you can specify in the file named "tinrc." To edit
tinrc, type "pico tinrc" and change the download folder to suit you.
*Sometimes it is desirable to delete a message you have recently posted;
especially for new users who may have inadvertantly posted an
embarassing question or posted a "f"ollowup to another post, not
realizing that it was being "cross-posted" to many other newsgroups (to
which the post was irrelevant). Although it is undocumented, Tin will
allow you to do this, if your article is still available on your news
server. If you go to the newsgroup in which you posted your message,
and "r" (toggle) to yank in the older messages, you can do an "a"uthor
search for your own name (or e-mail address). If you access the wrong
article, search again. Once you have located the correct article,
"d"elete it and confirm your delete. Tin will systematically find every
occurrence of your post and delete it from the Usenet. This can be
useful in avoiding flames or mailbombs (huge amounts of mail arriving in
your inbox and disabling your account). Be careful about posting.
(*Hint contributed by Don Z'Boray)
Unix "talk" (sometimes referred to as chat) is exceptionally easy, and,
for some reason, not too well known. Say you want to talk to a friend
who uses the same ISP (Internet Service Provider). All you would need to
do would be to type in "talk their-username" to "call" the other person.
They would reply with "talk your-username" and you would carry on
real-time conversations. Control-c ends them. To talk to someone from
anywhere else in the world, you would type "talk
their-username@their-address" and they would answer likewise. Another
talk service, not as common, is "ytalk"-- multi-line "talk" that works
exactly like talk, except that you command must include the "y" and so
must the other person's. The neat thing is that you can call up a menu
by pressing "esc" and invite other users from around the world to join
in your conversation. Ask your Systems Administrator if you find that
this function is not available on your server.
Sometimes, information is available to the users of another server that
is not available to you on yours. Sounds hopeless? Not at all. For this
type of access, we use "telnet"-- a means of accessing another computer,
with or without an account there. Of course, this does not mean that if
you have an account on a server without alt. groups, you can telnet to
mine and access them. Telnetting is set up for specific purposes. A few
are:
Telnet access is performed much like ftp access. You require an address
to "dial" and must insure your server supports telnet. After that, you
type:
telnet address.of.the.site (in name or number format)
For example, you might try "telnet 127.0.0.1" just for fun and practice.
It returns you to your own account, and puts you through the login
process. However, if you think about it, this means that you now have
two accounts running: the one you telnetted from, and the one you are
currently in. To return to your main account, type "logout" (or whatever
your normal signoff phrase is). That is the whole idea behind telnet:
allowing access of one account from another.
The first of the Archie Comics characters we meet is Archie. In
cyberspace, he is a powerful search tool for finding files in ftp sites.
Some servers support an Archie of their own, and you can just enter
"archie -s filename" at your main prompt, where "-s" set the search to a
subset instead of exact, and "filename" is the name of the file you are
looking for. If Archie is not locally supported, there are a number of
ways to access it. You can telnet to a whole host (pardon the pun) of
servers and utilize their resources. Current Archie servers, as of
December 8, 1994, include:*
(*Some information from Bruce Grubb's Mac-FTP-List, with permission)
(Updated version available from any Archie site. Type "servers" after
login)
For example, one could "telnet archie.mcgill.ca" and wait. Logon as
"archie" (same for all Archie servers), and *immediately* type in "set
search sub" (to broaden the search to include all hits that match the
typed string). To search, type in "prog searchstring." Wait for Archie
to work its magic (sometimes a while) and it will spit out a list of ftp
sites and directories where you can obtain your requested file. Copy
down the URL and follow the instructions in the FTP section, above.
Archie is also accessible by e-mail, but this takes up to a day for a
response, and may not be worth the effort.
Telnet can also be used for another exciting, though much more trivial,
occupation. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a multi-user "party-line"
system used to converse with other users around the globe to chat and
play games. Some servers have what are called IRC clients built in to
their system software. If this is the case, you can simply type "IRC" at
your main prompt and you will just need to follow the instructions
given. If this option is not available to you, you have two choices. You
may either compile an IRC client on your account, by ftp-ing one from
ftp://ftp.undernet.org:/irc/clients/compiled (be certain this is allowed
on your account), or, of course, telnetting! There are a number of IRC
telnet addresses which are easy to obtain (and so, we will reproduce
them here), but they must be used with respect. Some kind individual has
given over his/her computer to supply you with this service. If at all
possible, set up your account with a server who supports or allows IRC
clients. If you are completely stuck, telnet to any of the following
addresses:
telnet telnetX.us.undernet.org 6677 (where "X" is any number from 1-9)
You will be prompted for information from menus that are self
explanatory. Like ftp, there are a few commands that you need to know to
successfully navigate and enjoy IRC. They are:
Individual games will have their own commands, generally interpreted by
"bots" (dummy users that keep channels alive or moderate games). Ask
other users for help, and they will be more than willing.
Gopher for Unix is used much like the Usenet. Once you type "gopher" at
your main prompt, you get a main menu from which to choose different
options. Gophers are localized, so none will have exactly the same
options available. However, they all work in the same "hypertext" mode
that Usenet does, and that we will see the WWW take to extremes in it's
SLIP/PPP form. Gopher is an informational resource finder, a tunnel
linking sites all around the world. There are many built in searching
mechanisms to choose from, or you can search the world with Veronica
(told you we'd return to Archie Comics!). Here is a sample of the gopher
server at our university:
This last option proves very useful. By typing in a word, a portion of a
word, or a combination of words, linked by "and," Veronica will tour the
world for you looking up information on the words you have selected.
Very similar to Archie: they are both search engines. Gopher has one
added bonus that Archie does not: once it has located a file using
Veronica, you can simply download it to your home directory without
having to visit an ftp site and find it. Needless to say, Gopher is even
more enjoyable using the SLIP/PPP aplication, Turbogopher.
Unfortunately for Unix users, this section will be extremely short.
Without a GUI, the massively expanding and wonderfully cool WWW is, for
all intents and purposes, inaccessible. Some servers have a program
named "Lynx" which is supposed to be a text version of the real WWW; it
fails miserably, and is often is not worth using at all, even though
there are many wonderful things to be missed. Luckily, the "wave of the
future" is to go SLIP/PPP, and that can only mean a more colorful and
pleasant world for fans of the WWW. The search mechanisms on Lynx are so
unstable and convoluted, that it would take a book to begin to outline
them. We will only say these two things:
If you are tremendously interested in the WWW (which you should be!),
try to convince your ISP to set up a SLIP/PPP account, or look around
for a competitive company that already offers one. It's worth it.
If you have a WWW site that you are just DYING to go to, regardless of
the miserable experience you will have, type "lynx" at your main prompt,
"g"oto at the main screen, and enter the URL of the WWW site in this
format:
http://www.address.here/~the/rest/here
Once connected, the hypertext format (which should be familiar to you by
now) is quite simple to navigate with, but will inevitably prove
fruitless in the graphically-based universe that the World Wide Web is
becoming. Some considerate HTML programmers maintain text-based versions
of their sites, but, with increasing advances in HTML technology, this
is becoming very infrequent.
All of the above activities are, of course, available to SLIP/PPP users
as well. And, needless to say, they are much more enjoyable and easy to
navigate. However, a detailed explanation of how to use the software
listed above would be pointless: there is nothing we can tell you that
you can't read for yourself in the applications' corresponding ReadMe or
Info files. Please read this documentation first. If you have trouble
deciphering the instructions, feel free to ask your questions; however,
we ask you not to indiscriminately flood the group with queries that
could easily be answered with a little simple reading. We don't mean to
sound harsh at all: most authors go through the process of writing a
comprehensive manual to accompany their programs. Try to use it. If it
seems confusing, come to us. We're more than happy to help.
This FAQ will not cover all the questions you may have about the
Internet or your Macintosh. If it did, there would be no point to the
newsgroup. This document is meant as an introduction to the Internet
world, a starting point for accessing a whole new type of education.
Because the Internet is growing larger every day, this means that each
day new users are stumbling on from new accounts without a good sense of
where to start. Please start with us. We are not computer geniuses, nor
do we pretend to be, but we have more than a basic understanding of the
Internet community and can help steer you in the right directions. Do
not expect immediate solutions to all your problems or other users to
act as providers of files (we are a newsgroup, not an ftp site).
Moreover, use common sense and courtesy in asking questions and helping
others with what you learn on the Internet. If you hate people that post
"me too!" messages, or "send it to me!," then teach them how to do it
for themselves. Not everyone is born with a mouse in their hand, and
sometime you might find yourself needing some help too.
Some important repositories of Macintosh software available on the
Internet:
Instead of Stanford's main archive site, they ask that you use one of
their mirror sites to reduce traffic and increase availability:
A recent development has required the maintainers of the info-mac
archive to relocate from Stanford to MIT. Needless to say, the
addresses for info-mac could soon change to reflect this move. The new
site is reputed to be info-mac.org, but nothing concrete has been
changed to this point. Any changes to these URLs will be reflected in
future versions of the FAQ.
If you are lucky enough to have access to a SLIP/PPP connection, try the
WWW site:
http://rever.nmsu.edu/~elharo/faq/Macintosh.html
For those of you who live to travel from one Internet site to another,
we have a treat for you. In a short time, we will be posting a small
application which will act as a fingertip guide to hundreds of
Macintosh-related sites. Please watch for this post in our newsgroup
and feel free to e-mail us with any additions you wish to make.
NEWSFLASH!!! BIGSURF has been posted to a.s.m.n-h and a.b.p.u; if you
missed out on it, please request a re-post. It will probably be the
most valuable Internet phone book you ever run across.
NEW NEWSFLASH!!! BIGSURF is now available at all info-mac mirrors and
has proven to be a very popular information source. It has gained
worldwide-spread recognition and is gaining in size every day. It will
soon be transformed into a WWW site, so stay tuned! =)
Some archive methods and Macintosh utilities to encode/decode them:*
(*Some information from Bruce Grubb's Mac-FTP-List, with permission)
Sometimes it is easier to start your Internet experience by accessing a
BBS to familiarize yourself with online navigation, using a Macintosh
interface, without installing MacTCP or InterSLIP. If you find the
Internet incredibly confusing and would like to start at a more basic
level, there are options for you. All major cities have local Bulletin
Board Services, or dial-up mini-versions of the Internet. Although we
cannot recommend local BBSs to every user, there is one official Apple
user group which provides almost all of the freeware/shareware
applications necessary for getting started on the Internet. Although
you must pay a $30 membership fee, you can subsequently download as much
software as you want, paying only the cost of the phone call. The
Saskatoon Macintosh User's Group (SMUG) is run for and by its members as
a cooperative, and can be reached at 1-306-244-7060. The login process
is very simple: follow the instructions to download the Telefinder User
3.2.6 and redial for a free trial run: you are able to write messages
asking for help or inquiring about services on your first call, and can
browse the library to examine their collection. Although this is not a
substitute for the Internet experience, it is a wonderful support
service for new users. As a final note, if this long-distance call is
too expensive, please contact your local Macintosh Users Group for
information on their services.
Decoding Binaries From The Usenet:
Although we have briefly discussed methods for decoding files from the
Usenet using Tin and VA-Newswatcher, there are a huge number of people
who will be inquiring about "how to see the pictures (or hear the
sounds) on the newsgroups." This small bit of information is INCREDIBLY
simple, and many new users are under the false impression that they will
be able to see the pictures just by looking through the posts. The
picture files on the Usenet are similar to applications: you cannot use
them until you download them home to your computer. The first thing you
should know about them is that they are "uuencoded": changed from a
"binary" file to a text file so they can be posted as a message. So,
you need to revert them back to binary. How? With a "uudecoder."
There are many for Macintosh, the best two being UUCD and UULite.
Once you have a copy of this program at home (decompress it with Stuffit
Expander if the file has a .sit or .hqx suffix), you are set. If you
want to look at a one piece picture (eg. "Banana.jpg [1/1]"), download
that message and drag-n-drop it on the UUCD or UULite icon. THAT IS
IT! All you need is one of the MANY graphics viewers for Macintosh
(GraphicConverter, JPEGView, GIFConverter, etc.) to "open" the picture.
If it is a multi-part picure, you need to insure that you download all
the parts (eg. [1/2] & [2/2]) and "concatenate" them by choosing "merge"
from the uudecoder menu. Decode the same as before and "open" them in a
viewer. Not as difficult as many people fear. Sound files work in the
same manner, except you need a program like SoundApp or Brian's Sound
Tools to listen to them. Although this should be clear, we realize
there are many levels of "newbie"-- if you still don't understand
decoding, post a question explaining your problem, and we will be happy
to help. =) Here is a short step-by-step list of activities to try
before you get frustrated with decoding:
All three files should now be usable to help you decode binaries.
That's it. Have fun and keep in touch if you have problems or feel you
can help others "learn the ropes."
MacPGP 2.6.2:
Due to the recent controvery in the United States over Internet
censorship, the advent of the Clipper Chip and a number of bills in the
process of being passed (noooooooo!!!!!), more and more users are
becoming concerned about the privacy of their communication. Phil
Zimmerman has created the most incredible tool to combat this sense of
uneasiness. MacPGP 2.6.2 is an encryption utility unlike any other. It
does not rely on any popular file-locking methods; rather, it password
protects files with a 500 character "key" which has proven, so far,
impossible to break. Although we certainly do not publicly endorse the
use of this tool for committing illegal acts, we do support the rights
of Internet users to privacy and protection from government
intervention. Anyone who would like more information about how to
aquire MacPGP 2.6.2 is welcome to inquire in our group, or in
alt.security.pgp.
HyperMac Mentors:
While the newsgroup is a great place to discuss common problems,
newusers may sometimes feel intimidated by the fact that, potentially,
thousands of people will read their pleas for help. If this is the case
with you, and you desperately need help, the HyperMac Mentors are
availble to deal with you one-on-one via personal e-mail. Visit their
site in the most recent version of BIGSURF Netguide.
If you are interested in having your name included on the HyperMac
Mentor list, please send e-mail directly to me at:
stating you name (or pseudonym), e-mail address and primary intersts. I
will include your name on the list and alert you when and where it is
posted. Please consider allowing your name to be added. Chances are
you will not be too inconvenienced and you retain the right to have your
name removed at any time.
Thanks to all who volunteer.
*Disclaimer: This document is copywritten (1995) by the authors and is
not to be reproduced, altered or quoted from in any form whatsoever,
electronically or otherwise, without prior written consent from either
Pinochle or Blue Savannah!
SECTION THREE
Connecting To The Internet
Modem Connection To A Unix/VAX-VMS Server
The Internet Adapter (TIA)
MacTCP
InterSLIP
MacSLIrP
Modem Connection To A SLIP/PPP Server
Hardware For Optimal SLIP/PPP Connection
MacTCP
InterSLIP
MacPPP
Setting Up ConfigPPP
SECTION FOUR
Basic Internet Software For Different Interests
Unix Software
Necessary Or Potentially Useful Ancillary Applications/Utilities
SECTION FIVE
Explanation Of Basic Internet Activities And Software
E-Mail
FTP
Usenet
Talk
Telnet
Archie
IRC
Gopher
Internet Gopher Information Client v2.0.16
World Wide Information
--> 1. The University of Minnesota's Gopher (the original)/
2. Canadian Gophers/
3. Some Interesting Gophers/
4. Gopher Information by Subject Area/
...
10. FTP to a given host (given hostname or host:/path) >
11. Search Other Institutions using Jughead/
12. Search Gopher Menu Titles World-Wide Using Veronica/
World Wide Web (WWW)
SLIP/PPP Services
SECTION SIX
Plea For Unity And Patience On The Internet
APPENDIX
.sit |
.hqx | --> Stuffit Expander & Drop Stuff with Expander Enhancer
.bin |
.cpt | --> Compact Pro
.uu --> UUCD
.zip --> UnZip (or SE & DSw/EE) & Zipit with Zipit Drop Box
.gz --> MacGzip
.lzh --> MacLHA (decode only)
.tar --> SunTar
.txt --> no utility needed-- ascii text file
.sea --> no utility needed-- self-extracting-archive (double click)
.dd --> DiskDoubler or DD Expand (decode only)
.image --> DiskCopy or ShrinkWrap
Blue Savannah! - aa262@sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca
Pinochle - sjd@omni.voicenet.com
Click To Return To The Table Of Contents.