As described in Copying a formula, Spreadsheet normally adjusts the cell addresses so that the formula works in the new locations. Occasionally, though, you might not want the cell addresses to change. For example, when you copy a formula like B8*C8 to a new location in a spreadsheet and still want the formula to multiply the value in B8 by the value in C8.
In this case you don’t want the formula to adjust the field addresses for the new location. In other words, you want B8 and C8 to be absolute field addresses in the formula.
To include absolute field addresses (as opposed to adjustable addresses) in a formula, precede the field address with a dollar sign ($). The dollar sign tells Spreadsheet to copy the formula exactly, and to leave the field addresses unchanged.
You can use a dollar sign to make:
absolute row addresses, e.g. B$8
absolute column addresses, e.g. $B8
absolute row and column addresses, e.g. $B$8
See also: